内容正文:
专题03 非谓语动词(期末复习讲义)
内 容 导 航
考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向,锚定备考重心
知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络,扫除知识盲区
考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练,验收复习成效
复习目标
复习重点:
1. 熟记非谓语三大类(不定式 to do / 动名词 doing / 过去分词 done)6 种时态语态变形,区分一般式、完成式、被动式用法;
2. 精准掌握 Unit9 核心:只能接 to do、只能接 doing、两者均可(同义 / 异义)的高频动词短语,攻克 try/remember/forget/regret/mean 词义辨析;
3. 吃透 Unit8 分词考点:v-ing/v-ed 作定语、状语、宾补、表语四大句法功能,分清 **exciting (令人…)/excited (感到…)** 形容词化分词用法;
4. 掌握特殊结构:it 作不定式形式宾语、疑问词 + to do、连词加分词(when/if+doing/done)、评述类固定分词(given/judging from)、with 复合结构;
5. 牢记 need/want/require/deserve 后 doing 主动表被动 = to be done 固定结构;
复习难点:
1. 现在分词完成式 having done/having been done 作状语(动作发生在主句谓语之前)的使用场景;
2. being done(正在被…)与 done(已经被…)作后置定语的时态差异,期末高频易错;
3. can’t help doing(忍不住)/can’t help to do(不能帮忙)、mean doing(意味着)/mean to do(打算)等易混词组辨析;
考情规律
语法填空:2025 全国各省市北师大版高一期末统考每套试卷必考 1~3 空;广东深圳、山东济南、江苏苏州期末高频:doing 作宾语、done 后置定语、to do 作目的状语、having done 完成式。
写作应用:期末阅卷标准:作文正确使用 3 处及以上不同类型非谓语即可划入高分档;Unit8 环保倡议书、Unit9 学习方法分享是期末两大必考写作话题,非谓语是句式升级核心工具。
知识点1 非谓语动词整体概述与形式变形
1. 定义: 不能单独作谓语、在句中充当名词 / 形容词 / 副词功能的动词变形,本单元涵盖:不定式 (to do)、动名词 / 现在分词 (doing)、过去分词 (done)三类,无三单变化,时态语态依靠词形变形实现。
2. 非谓语词形变化总表
类别
语态
一般式
完成式
例句(U8/U9 话题)
现在分词
主动
doing
having done
Having finished homework, he sorts waste.(写完作业后,他分类垃圾)
被动
being done
having been done
The bridge being built is for environmental transport.(正在修建的桥用于环保运输)
过去分词
被动 / 完成
done
无
Polluted water must be treated immediately.(被污染的水需要立刻处理)
动词不定式
主动
to do
to have done
I plan to join the eco-group.(我计划加入环保社团)
被动
to be done
to have been done
The rubbish is to be collected this afternoon.(垃圾将于下午清运)
补充:过去分词仅有 done 一种形式,兼具被动 + 完成两层含义;形容词化分词只体现人 / 事物特征,无被动含义。
知识点2 动词不定式 (to do)
1. 只接 to do 作宾语的高频动词清单
afford、agree、arrange、attempt、choose、decide、expect、fail、manage、offer、plan、pretend、promise、refuse、want、would like
例句:They refuse to adopt new learning skills.(他们拒绝采用新的学习方法)
2. 两大必考特殊结构
1 it 作形式宾语:find/make/think/consider + it + adj./n. + to do
例:We find it necessary to form good learning habits.(U9 学习主题)
2 疑问词 (what/when/how/where)+to do,等价于宾语从句
例:I don’t know how to reduce daily plastic waste.(U8 环保主题)
3. 不定式作宾语补足语
分类
常用动词
例句
带 to 宾补
ask/allow/advise/encourage sb to do
Teachers encourage us to save paper in daily study.
不带 to 宾补
make/let/have sb do(被动语态必须还原 to)
We make him finish tasks on time. → He is made to finish tasks on time.
知识点3 动名词 (doing) 作宾语核心考点
1. 只接 doing 作宾语动词 / 短语清单
avoid、suggest、enjoy、practice、finish、mind、risk、give up、put off、look forward to、insist on、can’t stand、feel like(介词后固定搭配 doing)
例:We suggest sorting rubbish to protect the environment.
2. 特殊被动表达:need/want/require/deserve + doing (主动表被动)=to be done
例:The old textbooks need recycling.=The old textbooks need to be recycled.(U9 旧书本回收 + U8 环保)
知识点4 to do/doing 均可作宾语:同义 & 异义动词辨析
(1)意义基本相同:begin/start/continue/intend,to do/doing 互换无差别
例:He starts learning/to learn eco-friendly living ways.
(2)词义完全不同(6 组必背)
搭配
释义
单元话题例句
remember to do
记得要去做(动作未发生)
Remember to turn off lights to save electricity.
remember doing
记得做过某事(动作已完成)
I remember sorting garbage last week.
try to do
努力、设法做某事
We try to cut down plastic consumption.
try doing
尝试做(试验办法)
Try using cloth bags instead of plastic.
regret to do
遗憾将要做(后接 tell/say/inform)
I regret to tell you the recycling plan is delayed.
regret doing
后悔做过某事(已成事实)
He regrets wasting too much paper.
mean to do
打算、想要做某事
I mean to take part in environmental volunteer.
mean doing
意味着、等同于
Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.
can’t help doing
忍不住、情不自禁做某事
We can’t help feeling sad about polluted lakes.
can’t help(to)do
不能帮忙去做某事
I’m busy, so I can’t help clean the park.
知识点5 v-ing(现在分词)&v-ed(过去分词)四大句法功能
功能 1:作定语
位置
用法区分
示例
单个前置定语
ing:令人……(修饰事物);ed:感到……(修饰人)
an exciting report 一份令人振奋的报告;excited students 兴致勃勃的学生
短语后置定语
doing:主动、正在进行;done:被动、已经完成;being done:正在被……
the factory producing waste(产垃圾的工厂);the factory built last year(去年建成的工厂);the factory being built now(在建工厂)
功能 2:作状语(时间 / 原因 / 条件 / 伴随 / 结果,常规逻辑主语 = 主句主语)
逻辑主动→doing;逻辑被动→done;连词 (when/if/though)+ 分词 = 状语从句省略
例:If given more time, we will finish the environment survey.(=If we are given more time…)
特殊 1:评述固定分词(无逻辑主语限制):Generally speaking / Judging from / Given
特殊 2:状态形容词化分词(无被动含义):absorbed in、dressed in、lost in、tired of
功能 3:作宾补(感官 / 使役动词后)
形式
含义
例句
doing
主动、动作正在进行
I saw volunteers picking up rubbish.
done
被动、动作已经完结
I saw rubbish collected by volunteers.
功能 4:作表语(be/look/seem 等系动词后)
事物作主语用 ing,人作主语用
ed:The news is exciting. / We are excited about the news.
【非谓语动词万能解题五步法(做题核心技巧)】
解题口诀:定谓语→找主语→判主被→分先后→查搭配
第一步:定谓语:找出句子已有谓语动词,无 and/but 等并列连词时,空格必填非谓语;
第二步:找逻辑主语:确定非谓语修饰对象(多数为主句主语);
第三步:判主被动:逻辑主语发出动作→to do/doing;逻辑主语承受动作→done/to be done;
第四步:分时间先后:非谓语动作发生在谓语之前→having done/having been done;同步发生用一般式;
第五步:查固定搭配:核对动词固定搭配 to do/doing,套用 need doing、pretend to do 等固定句型。
基础通关练(测试时间:12分钟)
单项选择 15 题(满分 15 分|限时 12 分钟|【2025 各地高一期末改编】)
1.【2025 广东深圳高一期末】We find ______ important to develop good habits of saving water in daily life.
A. that B. it C. this D. one
答案:B
解析:本题考查 it 作形式宾语的固定结构。固定句式 find + it + 形容词 + to do sth,it 为形式宾语,真正
宾语是后面的不定式 to develop…;that/this/one 均不能充当形式宾语,因此排除 A、C、D 三项。句意:
我们发现养成日常节约用水的好习惯很重要。
3. 【2025 山东济南高一期末】I remember ______ the eco-park last summer, but I forget ______ go there again
this weekend.
A. visiting; to B. to visit; to C. visiting; / D. to visit; /
答案:A
解析:考查 remember 固定搭配。remember doing sth 表示 “记得做过某事(动作已做完)”,去年参观公
园是过去发生的事,第一空填 visiting;remember to do sth 表示 “记得要去做某事(动作未发生)”,周末
去公园还没实现,第二空填 to;无 forget do 用法,排除 B、C、D。句意:我记得去年夏天去过生态公
园,但我忘了这周末要再去一趟。
3.【2025 江苏苏州高一期末】The house ______ beside the lake now is a new garbage recycling station.
A. building B. built C. being built D. to build
答案:C
解析:考查非谓语作后置定语。关键词 now 提示动作正在进行,房子和建造是被动关系,being done 表
示 “正在被……”;building 主动、built 表已完工、to build 表将来,均不符合时态,排除 ABD。句意:
湖边那栋正在修建的房子是新建的垃圾回收站。
4.【2025 河南郑州高一期末】______ from the statistics, more students choose reusable bags for shopping.
A. Judge B. Judging C. Judged D. To judge
答案:B
解析:固定评述分词考点。judging from/by 为固定搭配,意为 “从…… 来判断”,属于独立分词结构,不
受主句逻辑主语限制,无 Judged/Judge 用法。句意:从数据来看,越来越多学生购物选择环保布袋。
5.【2025 浙江杭州高一期末】The classroom needs ______, for it is full of waste paper.
A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. be cleaned
答案:C
解析:need 特殊用法,need doing = need to be done,动名词主动形式表被动含义;need 后不能直接加动
词原形 clean,to clean 是主动含义,D 形式错误。句意:这间教室需要打扫,里面全是废纸。
6.【2025 广东广雅中学高一期末】He refused ______ away used books and decided to donate them.
A. throw B. to throw C. throwing D. thrown
答案:B
解析:固定搭配 refuse to do sth,refuse 后只能接不定式作宾语,不能接 doing / 原形 / 过去分词。句
意:他拒绝扔掉旧书本,决定把它们捐赠出去。
7.【2025 山东青岛高一期末】______ by the teacher’s advice, he changed his bad learning habits.
A. Encouraging B. Encouraged C. To encourage D. Having encouraged
答案:B
解析:过去分词作原因状语。主语 he 和 encourage 是被动关系 “被老师的建议鼓舞”,用过去分词;A/D
表主动,C 不定式多表目的,全部排除。句意:在老师建议的鼓舞下,他改掉了不良的学习习惯。
8. 【2025 河北石家庄高一期末】I can’t help ______ when I see kids wasting food; I can’t help ______ clean
the dining hall now.
A. crying; to B. to cry; to C. crying; / D. to cry; /
答案:A
解析:区分 can’t help 两组固定搭配。can’t help doing 忍不住做某事;can’t help to do 不能帮忙做某事,
第二空 to 不可省略。句意:看到孩子浪费食物我忍不住难过;我现在没空,没法帮忙打扫食堂。
9.【2025 湖南长沙高一期末】Having ______ all his homework, he began to sort household rubbish.
A. finish B. finished C. to finish D. finishing
答案:B
解析:having done 是现在分词完成式,结构为 having + 过去分词,因此填 finished;having 后不接原形
/ 不定式 /doing。句意:写完所有作业后,他开始分类生活垃圾。
10.【2025 福建福州高一期末】We suggest ______ plastic products to reduce white pollution.
A. to avoid using B. avoid using C. avoid to use D. to avoid to use
答案:B
解析:suggest 后固定接 doing 作宾语,即 suggest doing;avoid 同样后接 doing,因此是 suggest avoid
using,其余搭配全部错误。句意:我们建议减少塑料制品的使用,降低白色污染。
11. 【2025 四川成都高一期末】The story about environmental protection sounds ______, and all students are
______ in it.
A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excited C. excited; excited D. exciting; exciting
答案:B
解析:形容词化分词辨析。exciting 修饰事物(story),表示 “令人振奋的”;excited 修饰人
(students),表示 “感到兴奋的”。句意:这个环保故事听起来很精彩,所有学生都对此兴致勃勃。
12.【2025 辽宁大连高一期末】If ______ properly, waste can be recycled into new materials.
A. treating B. treated C. to treat D. being treated
答案:B
解析:状语从句省略结构,完整为 If waste is treated properly,主语 waste 和 treat 被动,省略主语和 be
动词,只保留过去分词 treated。句意:如果处理得当,废弃物能够被回收加工成新材料。
13.【2025 安徽合肥高一期末】Missing the last bus means ______ home on foot.
A. walk B. to walk C. walking D. walked
答案:C
解析:mean doing 意为 “意味着”;mean to do 是 “打算做”,本句语义是错过班车意味着步行回家,选
walking。句意:错过末班车就意味着步行回家。
14. 【2025 陕西西安高一期末】Parents encourage their children ______ more outdoor activities to protect
nature.
A. take B. to take C. taking D. taken
答案:B
解析:固定搭配 encourage sb to do sth,不定式作宾补。句意:家长鼓励孩子多参加户外活动,亲近自
然、保护环境。
15.【2025 江西南昌高一期末】The broken tap requires ______ at once to save running water.
A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D. being repaired
答案:C
解析:require doing = require to be done,主动形式表被动,无 being repaired 搭配。句意:漏水的水龙头需
要立刻维修,避免水资源白白流失。
重难突破练(测试时间:12分钟)
单句语法填空 10 题(满分 10 分|限时 12 分钟|【2025 高一期末 / 新高考真题改编】)
1. 【2025 新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编・广州高一期末】______(protect) the environment, many citizens choose cycling instead of driving private cars.
答案:To protect
解析:不定式放句首作目的状语,表 “为了……”;现在分词放句首多表原因 / 伴随,不符合本句目的含义,因此填 To protect。
2. 【2025 山东烟台高一期末】He avoided ______(throw) rubbish everywhere after taking environmental lessons.
答案:throwing
解析:avoid 为必考动词,固定搭配 avoid doing sth(避免做某事),其后只能接动名词,不能接不定式,故填 throwing。
3. 【2025 江苏无锡高一期末】The report ______(publish) last month points out serious water pollution problems.
答案:published
解析:report 和 publish 是被动关系,报告 “被发布”;last month 提示动作已经完成,过去分词 done 作后置定语,表被动 + 完成,填 published。
4. 【2025 浙江温州高一期末】I find it useful ______(take) notes to improve learning efficiency.
答案:to take
解析:it 作形式宾语固定结构 find + it + adj. + to do,不定式为句子真正宾语,因此填 to take。
5. 【2025 全国 Ⅱ 卷改编・洛阳高一期末】______(finish) his daily tasks, he joined the community’s garbage classification activity.
答案:Having finished
解析:“完成作业” 发生在 “参加活动” 之前,主语 he 和 finish 是主动关系,用现在分词完成式 having done,强调动作先后顺序。
6. 【2025 天津和平高一期末】Absorbed in ______(read) books on green living, she forgot me coming in.
答案:reading
解析:in 是介词,介词后面必须接动名词 doing 形式,absorbed in doing sth 沉浸于做某事。
7. 【2025 昆明高一期末】The old tree ______(cut) down last year has been replanted by volunteers.
答案:cut
解析:tree 和 cut 被动,last year 表动作已结束;cut 过去分词同原形,过去分词作后置定语,填 cut。
8. 【2025 南昌高一期末】We are looking forward to ______(join) the school’s environmental protection club.答案:joining
解析:look forward to 中 to 是介词,并非不定式符号,介词后一律加 doing,固定搭配 look forward to doing。
9. 【2025 南宁高一期末】What he said was ______(surprise), which made all listeners surprised.
答案:surprising
解析:主语为事物(what he said),修饰事物用 - ing 形容词 surprising,表示 “令人吃惊的”;surprised 用来修饰人。
10.【2025 兰州高一期末】The classroom window needs ______(mend) before the coming rainy season.
答案:mending /to be mended
解析:need doing = need to be done,动名词主动表被动,两种答案均符合语法规则。
综合拓展练(测试时间:20分钟)
Part A 完成句子(用非谓语补全,每空一词,共 5 小题)
1. ____________________(为了养成好习惯), we should recycle used paper and bottles every day.
答案:To form good habits(不定式目的状语)
2. I regret ____________________(浪费大量纸张)in my junior high school.
答案:wasting lots of paper(regret doing 后悔做过)
3. We think ______ necessary ______(践行低碳生活)in our daily life.
答案:it; to live a low-carbon life(it 形式宾语)
4. ____________________(被老师提醒), students began to save electricity after class.
答案:Reminded by teachers(过去分词作状语)
5. The factory ____________________(正在建设的)will be a waste recycling centre.
答案:being built now(being done 后置定语)
Part B 中英互译(必须使用指定非谓语结构,5 小题,期末应用文高频句型)
1. 中译英(不定式目的):为了提高学习效率,我们要坚持整理错题。
_________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案:To improve learning efficiency, we should keep sorting out wrong exercises.
2. 中译英(动名词作宾语):我们建议通过垃圾分类来减少环境污染。
_________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案:We suggest reducing environmental pollution by sorting rubbish.
3. 英译中(过去分词定语):The books donated by students will be reused in poor mountain schools.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
参考译文:由同学们捐赠的书籍将在山区贫困学校循环利用。
4. 中译英(现在分词结果状语):越来越多人使用环保布袋,有效减少了白色垃圾。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案:More and more people use eco-friendly cloth bags, cutting down white waste effectively.
5. 英译中(评述分词):Generally speaking, developing good living habits helps protect our planet.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
参考译文:一般来说,养成良好生活习惯有助于保护我们的地球。
Part C 句式升级改写(简单句合并,非谓语优化,期末应用文 / 读后续写提分,5 小题,近三年高考真题素材改编)
要求:合并两句,用非谓语替换零散短句,紧扣单元环保 / 学习主题
1. 原句:He finished his daily homework. He went to pick up rubbish in the park.(having done 完成式状语)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
升级版:Having finished his daily homework, he went to pick up rubbish in the park.
2. 原句:We should protect wild animals. It is our common responsibility.(it 作不定式形式宾语)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
升级版:We find it our common responsibility to protect wild animals.
3. 原句:The tree was planted last spring. It grows well beside the river.(done 后置定语)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
升级版:The tree planted last spring grows well beside the river.
4. 原句:He wants to cut down waste. He tries using reusable chopsticks.(to do 目的 + doing 伴随)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
升级版:Trying to cut down waste, he uses reusable chopsticks.
5. 原句:We were encouraged by the poster. We started an environmental volunteer group.(过去分词原因状语)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
升级版:Encouraged by the poster, we started an environmental volunteer group.
【单元作文仿写范文(综合全类型非谓语,可直接用于期末环保倡议书写作)】
To live a green life, every student should take small actions in daily study. Having learned environmental knowledge from textbooks, we find it important to save every drop of water and piece of paper. Used textbooks collected from classmates will be donated to rural schools instead of being thrown away. Avoiding using plastic bags and choosing cloth bags is a good way to cut white pollution. Judging from our daily practice, small efforts can make a big difference to protecting our earth.
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专题03 非谓语动词(期末复习讲义)
内 容 导 航
考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向,锚定备考重心
知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络,扫除知识盲区
考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练,验收复习成效
复习目标
复习重点:
1. 熟记非谓语三大类(不定式 to do / 动名词 doing / 过去分词 done)6 种时态语态变形,区分一般式、完成式、被动式用法;
2. 精准掌握 Unit9 核心:只能接 to do、只能接 doing、两者均可(同义 / 异义)的高频动词短语,攻克 try/remember/forget/regret/mean 词义辨析;
3. 吃透 Unit8 分词考点:v-ing/v-ed 作定语、状语、宾补、表语四大句法功能,分清 **exciting (令人…)/excited (感到…)** 形容词化分词用法;
4. 掌握特殊结构:it 作不定式形式宾语、疑问词 + to do、连词加分词(when/if+doing/done)、评述类固定分词(given/judging from)、with 复合结构;
5. 牢记 need/want/require/deserve 后 doing 主动表被动 = to be done 固定结构;
复习难点:
1. 现在分词完成式 having done/having been done 作状语(动作发生在主句谓语之前)的使用场景;
2. being done(正在被…)与 done(已经被…)作后置定语的时态差异,期末高频易错;
3. can’t help doing(忍不住)/can’t help to do(不能帮忙)、mean doing(意味着)/mean to do(打算)等易混词组辨析;
考情规律
语法填空:2025 全国各省市北师大版高一期末统考每套试卷必考 1~3 空;广东深圳、山东济南、江苏苏州期末高频:doing 作宾语、done 后置定语、to do 作目的状语、having done 完成式。
写作应用:期末阅卷标准:作文正确使用 3 处及以上不同类型非谓语即可划入高分档;Unit8 环保倡议书、Unit9 学习方法分享是期末两大必考写作话题,非谓语是句式升级核心工具。
知识点1 非谓语动词整体概述与形式变形
1. 定义: 不能单独作谓语、在句中充当名词 / 形容词 / 副词功能的动词变形,本单元涵盖:不定式 (to do)、动名词 / 现在分词 (doing)、过去分词 (done)三类,无三单变化,时态语态依靠词形变形实现。
2. 非谓语词形变化总表
类别
语态
一般式
完成式
例句(U8/U9 话题)
现在分词
主动
doing
having done
Having finished homework, he sorts waste.(写完作业后,他分类垃圾)
被动
being done
having been done
The bridge being built is for environmental transport.(正在修建的桥用于环保运输)
过去分词
被动 / 完成
done
无
Polluted water must be treated immediately.(被污染的水需要立刻处理)
动词不定式
主动
to do
to have done
I plan to join the eco-group.(我计划加入环保社团)
被动
to be done
to have been done
The rubbish is to be collected this afternoon.(垃圾将于下午清运)
补充:过去分词仅有 done 一种形式,兼具被动 + 完成两层含义;形容词化分词只体现人 / 事物特征,无被动含义。
知识点2 动词不定式 (to do)
1. 只接 to do 作宾语的高频动词清单
afford、agree、arrange、attempt、choose、decide、expect、fail、manage、offer、plan、pretend、promise、refuse、want、would like
例句:They refuse to adopt new learning skills.(他们拒绝采用新的学习方法)
2. 两大必考特殊结构
1 it 作形式宾语:find/make/think/consider + it + adj./n. + to do
例:We find it necessary to form good learning habits.(U9 学习主题)
2 疑问词 (what/when/how/where)+to do,等价于宾语从句
例:I don’t know how to reduce daily plastic waste.(U8 环保主题)
3. 不定式作宾语补足语
分类
常用动词
例句
带 to 宾补
ask/allow/advise/encourage sb to do
Teachers encourage us to save paper in daily study.
不带 to 宾补
make/let/have sb do(被动语态必须还原 to)
We make him finish tasks on time. → He is made to finish tasks on time.
知识点3 动名词 (doing) 作宾语核心考点
1. 只接 doing 作宾语动词 / 短语清单
avoid、suggest、enjoy、practice、finish、mind、risk、give up、put off、look forward to、insist on、can’t stand、feel like(介词后固定搭配 doing)
例:We suggest sorting rubbish to protect the environment.
2. 特殊被动表达:need/want/require/deserve + doing (主动表被动)=to be done
例:The old textbooks need recycling.=The old textbooks need to be recycled.(U9 旧书本回收 + U8 环保)
知识点4 to do/doing 均可作宾语:同义 & 异义动词辨析
(1)意义基本相同:begin/start/continue/intend,to do/doing 互换无差别
例:He starts learning/to learn eco-friendly living ways.
(2)词义完全不同(6 组必背)
搭配
释义
单元话题例句
remember to do
记得要去做(动作未发生)
Remember to turn off lights to save electricity.
remember doing
记得做过某事(动作已完成)
I remember sorting garbage last week.
try to do
努力、设法做某事
We try to cut down plastic consumption.
try doing
尝试做(试验办法)
Try using cloth bags instead of plastic.
regret to do
遗憾将要做(后接 tell/say/inform)
I regret to tell you the recycling plan is delayed.
regret doing
后悔做过某事(已成事实)
He regrets wasting too much paper.
mean to do
打算、想要做某事
I mean to take part in environmental volunteer.
mean doing
意味着、等同于
Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.
can’t help doing
忍不住、情不自禁做某事
We can’t help feeling sad about polluted lakes.
can’t help(to)do
不能帮忙去做某事
I’m busy, so I can’t help clean the park.
知识点5 v-ing(现在分词)&v-ed(过去分词)四大句法功能
功能 1:作定语
位置
用法区分
示例
单个前置定语
ing:令人……(修饰事物);ed:感到……(修饰人)
an exciting report 一份令人振奋的报告;excited students 兴致勃勃的学生
短语后置定语
doing:主动、正在进行;done:被动、已经完成;being done:正在被……
the factory producing waste(产垃圾的工厂);the factory built last year(去年建成的工厂);the factory being built now(在建工厂)
功能 2:作状语(时间 / 原因 / 条件 / 伴随 / 结果,常规逻辑主语 = 主句主语)
逻辑主动→doing;逻辑被动→done;连词 (when/if/though)+ 分词 = 状语从句省略
例:If given more time, we will finish the environment survey.(=If we are given more time…)
特殊 1:评述固定分词(无逻辑主语限制):Generally speaking / Judging from / Given
特殊 2:状态形容词化分词(无被动含义):absorbed in、dressed in、lost in、tired of
功能 3:作宾补(感官 / 使役动词后)
形式
含义
例句
doing
主动、动作正在进行
I saw volunteers picking up rubbish.
done
被动、动作已经完结
I saw rubbish collected by volunteers.
功能 4:作表语(be/look/seem 等系动词后)
事物作主语用 ing,人作主语用
ed:The news is exciting. / We are excited about the news.
【非谓语动词万能解题五步法(做题核心技巧)】
解题口诀:定谓语→找主语→判主被→分先后→查搭配
第一步:定谓语:找出句子已有谓语动词,无 and/but 等并列连词时,空格必填非谓语;
第二步:找逻辑主语:确定非谓语修饰对象(多数为主句主语);
第三步:判主被动:逻辑主语发出动作→to do/doing;逻辑主语承受动作→done/to be done;
第四步:分时间先后:非谓语动作发生在谓语之前→having done/having been done;同步发生用一般式;
第五步:查固定搭配:核对动词固定搭配 to do/doing,套用 need doing、pretend to do 等固定句型。
基础通关练(测试时间:12分钟)
单项选择 15 题(满分 15 分|限时 12 分钟|【2025 各地高一期末改编】)
1.【2025 广东深圳高一期末】We find ______ important to develop good habits of saving water in daily life.
A. that B. it C. this D. one
2.【2025 山东济南高一期末】I remember ______ the eco-park last summer, but I forget ______ go there again
this weekend.
A. visiting; to B. to visit; to C. visiting; / D. to visit; /
3.【2025 江苏苏州高一期末】The house ______ beside the lake now is a new garbage recycling station.
A. building B. built C. being built D. to build
4.【2025 河南郑州高一期末】______ from the statistics, more students choose reusable bags for shopping.
A. Judge B. Judging C. Judged D. To judge
5.【2025 浙江杭州高一期末】The classroom needs ______, for it is full of waste paper.
A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. be cleaned
6.【2025 广东广雅中学高一期末】He refused ______ away used books and decided to donate them.
A. throw B. to throw C. throwing D. thrown
7.【2025 山东青岛高一期末】______ by the teacher’s advice, he changed his bad learning habits.
A. Encouraging B. Encouraged C. To encourage D. Having encouraged
8. 【2025 河北石家庄高一期末】I can’t help ______ when I see kids wasting food; I can’t help ______ clean
the dining hall now.
A. crying; to B. to cry; to C. crying; / D. to cry; /
9.【2025 湖南长沙高一期末】Having ______ all his homework, he began to sort household rubbish.
A. finish B. finished C. to finish D. finishing
10.【2025 福建福州高一期末】We suggest ______ plastic products to reduce white pollution.
A. to avoid using B. avoid using C. avoid to use D. to avoid to use
11. 【2025 四川成都高一期末】The story about environmental protection sounds ______, and all students are
______ in it.
A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excited C. excited; excited D. exciting; exciting
12.【2025 辽宁大连高一期末】If ______ properly, waste can be recycled into new materials.
A. treating B. treated C. to treat D. being treated
13.【2025 安徽合肥高一期末】Missing the last bus means ______ home on foot.
A. walk B. to walk C. walking D. walked
14. 【2025 陕西西安高一期末】Parents encourage their children ______ more outdoor activities to protect
nature.
A. take B. to take C. taking D. taken
15.【2025 江西南昌高一期末】The broken tap requires ______ at once to save running water.
A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D. being repaired
重难突破练(测试时间:12分钟)
单句语法填空 10 题(满分 10 分|限时 12 分钟|【2025 高一期末 / 新高考真题改编】)
1. 【2025 新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编・广州高一期末】______(protect) the environment, many citizens choose cycling instead of driving private cars.
2. 【2025 山东烟台高一期末】He avoided ______(throw) rubbish everywhere after taking environmental lessons.
3. 【2025 江苏无锡高一期末】The report ______(publish) last month points out serious water pollution problems.
4. 【2025 浙江温州高一期末】I find it useful ______(take) notes to improve learning efficiency.
5. 【2025 全国 Ⅱ 卷改编・洛阳高一期末】______(finish) his daily tasks, he joined the community’s garbage classification activity.
6. 【2025 天津和平高一期末】Absorbed in ______(read) books on green living, she forgot me coming in.
7. 【2025 昆明高一期末】The old tree ______(cut) down last year has been replanted by volunteers.
【2025 南昌高一期末】We are looking forward to ______(join) the school’s environmental protection club.
8. 【2025 南宁高一期末】What he said was ______(surprise), which made all listeners surprised.
9.【2025 南宁高一期末】What he said was ______(surprise), which made all listeners surprised.
10.【2025 兰州高一期末】The classroom window needs ______(mend) before the coming rainy season.
综合拓展练(测试时间:20分钟)
Part A 完成句子(用非谓语补全,每空一词,共 5 小题)
1. ____________________(为了养成好习惯), we should recycle used paper and bottles every day.
2. I regret ____________________(浪费大量纸张)in my junior high school.
3. We think ______ necessary ______(践行低碳生活)in our daily life.
4. ____________________(被老师提醒), students began to save electricity after class.
5. The factory ____________________(正在建设的)will be a waste recycling centre.
Part B 中英互译(必须使用指定非谓语结构,5 小题,期末应用文高频句型)
1. 中译英(不定式目的):为了提高学习效率,我们要坚持整理错题。
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 中译英(动名词作宾语):我们建议通过垃圾分类来减少环境污染。
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3. 英译中(过去分词定语):The books donated by students will be reused in poor mountain schools.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4. 中译英(现在分词结果状语):越来越多人使用环保布袋,有效减少了白色垃圾。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. 英译中(评述分词):Generally speaking, developing good living habits helps protect our planet.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Part C 句式升级改写(简单句合并,非谓语优化,期末应用文 / 读后续写提分,5 小题,近三年高考真题素材改编)
要求:合并两句,用非谓语替换零散短句,紧扣单元环保 / 学习主题
1. 原句:He finished his daily homework. He went to pick up rubbish in the park.(having done 完成式状语)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 原句:We should protect wild animals. It is our common responsibility.(it 作不定式形式宾语)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. 原句:The tree was planted last spring. It grows well beside the river.(done 后置定语)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4. 原句:He wants to cut down waste. He tries using reusable chopsticks.(to do 目的 + doing 伴随)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. 原句:We were encouraged by the poster. We started an environmental volunteer group.(过去分词原因状语)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
【单元作文仿写范文(综合全类型非谓语,可直接用于期末环保倡议书写作)】
To live a green life, every student should take small actions in daily study. Having learned environmental knowledge from textbooks, we find it important to save every drop of water and piece of paper. Used textbooks collected from classmates will be donated to rural schools instead of being thrown away. Avoiding using plastic bags and choosing cloth bags is a good way to cut white pollution. Judging from our daily practice, small efforts can make a big difference to protecting our earth.
1 / 1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$