Unit 8 A green world知识点整理与练习2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

本初中英语讲义聚焦“Unit 8 A green world”核心知识点，系统梳理环保主题词汇（如cause/reason辨析、reduce, recycle用法）、阅读中的环保实践（瑞士回收制度、自然资源保护）及一般将来时被动语态语法，构建从基础词汇到语法应用再到语用实践的学习支架。 该资料通过易混词对比（如separate/divide）、语法考点分层（主动表被动、固定短语被动）培养思维品质，结合环保主题阅读提升语言能力，知识点梳理+经典例题+分层练习的结构助力学习能力发展。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后帮助学生自主复习，有效查漏补缺。

Unit 8 A green world知识点整理与练习 Introduction &welcome to the unit 【知识梳理1】cause(P107) cause n. 原因，理由 v.引起，导致 常用搭配：cause trouble 惹麻烦 cause damage 造成损失 the cause of ......的原因 【易混词】cause和reason的区别 词汇 含义 区别 搭配 cause 起因、诱因 直接造成事情 / 事故 / 灾难的客观原因 the cause of + 坏事 / 事件 reason 理由、道理 人做某事的主观理由、借口 the reason for + 行为 / 想法 记忆口诀：客观祸因用 cause，主观理由用 reason ____________________________________事故起因是什么？ ____________________________________你离开的理由是什么？ 答案：What’s the cause of the accident? What’s your reason for leaving? [经典例题] 1.—Lots of people get fat easily these days. —I think eating too much junk food is the ________ of being fat. A. result B. cost C. cause D. excuse 2.糟糕的天气引发了这起交通事故。 The__________________________ the traffic accident. 答案：C bad weather caused 【知识梳理2】 soil pollution (P107)土壤污染 soil n.土壤；土地；国土 注意：表 “土壤、泥土” → 不可数；表 “不同种类的土壤” → 可数 soils rich/poor soil 肥沃/贫瘠的土壤 dry soil 干燥的土壤 Plants grow well in good soil. 植物在沃土中长势好。 【知识梳理3】 Burning of unclean fuels (P107)燃烧不清洁燃料 1)unclean adj.不清洁的 clean adj. 干净的 clean v. 打扫；清洁 cleanliness n. 干净；洁净 2) fuel n.燃料（统称，不可数名词） v. 给… 提供燃料；助长 burn/save fuel 燃烧/节约燃料 fuel prices 油价 【知识梳理4】Chemicals poured into rivers and lakes(P107)被倒入河流和湖泊的化学制品 1) chemical adj.化学的； n.化学制品（复数chemicals） 【常用搭配】：chemical pollution 化学污染 chemical industry 化学工业 harmful chemicals 有害化学物质 【拓展】 chemistry n.化学（学科） chemist n.化学家；药剂师 [经典例题] 1. Our ________ teacher's wife is working in a ________ factory. A. chemical; chemistry B. chemistry; chemical C. chemical; chemical D. chemistry; chemistry 2.[2025江苏南京期中] Dr James often explains the _________ (化学的) questions to us patiently. 答案：B chemical 2) pour ①〔及物动词〕倾倒，倒出 pour… into…把….倒入….. pour… out 把…..倒出 pour down （大雨）倾盆而下 pour water/tea 倒水/茶 I' ve poured a cup of tea for you. 我给你倒了一杯茶。 Stop pouring dirty water into the rivers or lakes nearby. 停止把废水倒进附近的河流或湖泊。 Please pour the milk out. 请把牛奶倒出来。 [经典例题] 1. —Could you help me ________ some water into the glass? —Of course. A. make B. pour C. give D. push 2. In the past some factories poured__________ wastewater into the river. 答案：B poured 【知识梳理5】What can we do to reduce air pollution? (P107) 我们能做些什么来减少空气污染？ reduce作动词，意为“减少,降低”。反义词increase reduce sth by... 把某物减少了.... reduce sth (from...) to... 把某物（从...）减少到... We have reduced costs by 20% over the past year.我们在过去的一年里将成本降低了20%。 The boss reduced the number of the workers from 40 to 20.老板把工人数量从40降到20。 [经典例题] 1. The high-speed train has __________ the travel time between Yancheng and Shanghai from over 2 hours to around 1 hour. A. reduced B. increased C. influenced D. repeated 2. 地理课上，亚历克斯先生讲解了如何减少空气污染。 Mr Alex explained how ________ ________ ________ ________in the Geography class. 答案：A to reduce air pollution 【知识梳理6】It’s a good idea to share a ride to school with others or take the bus. (P107) 和别人拼车上学或坐公交车是个好主意。 share a ride to…. 拼车去….. share a ride with sb. 与某人拼车/搭便车 Do you want to share a ride to the airport? 你想拼车去机场吗？ _______________________________________我可以和你拼车去会议吗？ 答案：Can I share a ride with you to the conference? Reading 【知识梳理1】In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled. (P108)在瑞士,像玻璃、塑料和纸张等物品会被分类，然后再回收。 1) separate ①〔动词〕(使)分开, 隔开 separate... into 指把…分成不同部分（把多个个体分开） separate... from...是指把…和…分离 The police wanted to separate them into smaller groups. 警察想把他们分成更小的组。 We'd better separate the good apples from the bad ones. 我们最好把好苹果和坏苹果分开。 【拓展】divide…into…把……分成……（把整体分成若干部分） Mum divided the cake into some pieces. 妈妈把蛋糕分成了几块。 ②〔形容词〕单独的；分开的 We don't have a separate dining room. 我们没有单独的餐厅。 [典型例题] 1. We have to _______ Philip _______ John because they were talking all the time. A. translate; into B. divide; into C. share; with D. separate; from 2. The small island is separated ________ us on the map, but it is a part of China. A. on B. from C. in D. to 3. Tim and Jim are fighting. Let’s go and ________ them. A. divide B. mix C. separate D. disturb 4. The cake was ________ into four pieces, so each of the four children could have one piece. A. divided B. separated C. taken D. dropped 5. Mrs. Chen often ________ our class ________ different groups and asks each group to tell stories in English. A. divides; into B. connects; with C. compares; with D. separate; into 6. 地理老师告诉我们在泰国一年分为三个季节。 Our geography teacher told us that a year _______________________________ in Thailand. 答案：1 D 2 B 3 C 4 A 5 A 6 is divided into three seasons 2) recycle〔及物动词〕回收利用 它是由前缀 re-加动词 cycle 构成的。 ______________________________________________我们应该回收利用书和纸张来拯救树木。 【拓展】 ① recycled 是 recycle 的过去分词，常作定语，所修饰的名词与它之间存在被动关系。 The recycled books can save money. 这些循环使用的书可以节省钱。 ② recycling〔名词〕回收利用 _____________________________________________回收利用对帮助保护我们的环境很重要。 答案：We should recycle books and paper to save trees. Recycling is important to help protect our environment. 【知识梳理2】 In fact, Switzerland has one of the highest levels of waste recycling in the world—it successfully recycles more than 50% of its total waste. (P108)事实上，瑞士是世界上废弃物回收水平最高的国家之一，它有成效地回收了其总废弃物的50%以上。 1) successfully〔副词〕有成效地；成功地 After months of hard work, she successfully completed the project. 经过几个月的努力工作，她成功地完成了这个项目。 【拓展】 successful〔形容词〕有成效的；成功的 His efforts to improve his English have been successful. 他提升英语的努力很有成效。 He is a successful writer. 他是一位成功的作家。 2) total ①〔形容词〕总的，全部的 the total number of……的总数 The club has a total membership of 300. 这个社团的成员总数为300人。 _________________________________________上个月共收到20封信。 答案：The total number of letters received last month was twenty. ②〔名词〕总数；合计 in total 总共，合计(= in all) a total of 总数为(后接具体数量) ___________________________________________迄今为止我们总共学了2000个英语单词。 Out of a total of 10 games, they only won 2.在总共10场比赛中，他们只胜了2场。 答案：We have learnt 2,000 English words in total so far. 【知识梳理3】Our government has strict laws to protect forests and control pollution. (P109)我们的政府有严格的法律来保护森林和控制污染。 (1) strict〔形容词〕严格的；严厉的 在句中作表语或定语。 strict rules/ regulations 严格的规则/规章制度 【固定搭配】be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 be strict in sth 对某事要求严格 My parents are strict with me. 我父母对我要求严格。 Our maths teacher is always strict in his work. 我们的数学老师总是对他的工作要求严格。 [经典例题](扬州中考) 父母很严格，但他们会尊重我们的想法。 答案: Parents are strict, but they will respect our thoughts. 2) control ①〔及物动词〕(controlled, controlling)控制；管理；支配 He was unable to control the fire. 他无法控制这场火。 ②〔名词〕控制；约束；管理 in control 控制，管理 out of control 失去控制 The car has been out of control. 这辆小汽车已经失控了。 【知识梳理4】When people break these rules, they will be punished. (P109)当人们违反这些规则时，他们将受到惩罚。 1) break (broke, broken) ①〔及物动词〕违犯，违背 break the rule 违反规则 He was breaking the speed limit. 他违章超速驾驶。 ②〔动词〕(使)破，裂，碎 The boy broke the window this morning. 今天早上那个男孩打破了窗户。 He broke his left leg. 他摔断了左腿。 The glass broke. 玻璃碎了。 【常用短语】 ①break down 机器故障（= go wrong） The car broke down on the way to the airport. 车去机场的路上抛锚了。 ②break out（火灾、战争等）突然爆发 A fire broke out in the kitchen. 厨房突然着火了。 ③break into 闯入：指非法或强行进入某处。 The thieves planned to break into a bank. 行窃者计划洗劫银行。 ④break through突破（障碍、纪录）；取得重大进展 Scientists broke through in cancer research. 科学家在癌症研究上取得突破。 ⑤break a record 打破纪录 Usain Bolt broke the 100m world record. 博尔特打破了100米世界纪录。 [经典例题] 1. —I don’t think I can make it! —Come on. A thousand-mile journey begins with the first ________. A. step B. break C. finger D. skill 答案：A 2) punish〔动词〕惩罚 punish sb for(doing) sth因(做)某事而惩罚某人 The coach punished the team for breaking the rule. 教练因球队违反了规则而惩罚了他们。 【拓展】 punishment〔名词〕惩罚，处罚 She had to tidy the classroom as punishment for being late. 由于迟到，她被罚打扫教室。 【知识梳理5】 For example, if we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined. (P109)例如，如果我们在公共场所乱扔垃圾，我们将被罚款。 fine ①〔及物动词〕对……处以罚款 be fined for(doing) sth 因(做)某事被罚款 She was fined for speeding. 她因超速而被罚款。 ②〔形容词〕高质量的，美好的 a very fine performance 十分精彩的演出 fine clothes 漂亮的衣服 [典型例题](扬州中考) If we drop litter in a public place, we' ll be by the police.(罚款) 答案：fined 【知识梳理6】 We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely. (P109)我们依靠其丰富的资源生存，因此明智地保护它对我们来说很重要。 1) wisely〔副词〕明智地 常用来修饰动词。其形容词形式是 wise(明智的)。 Life is a gift, so use it wisely. 生命是一种馈赠，所以要明智地使用它。 [经典例题] (云南中考) 1.Teenagers are supposed to spend their money .(wise) 2. 对我们来说，选择公共交通是明智的。 It’s _________ _________ _________ _________ choose public transport. 2) resource 〔名词〕资源，财力 常用复数resources 【核心短语】：natural resources 自然资源 We should save natural resources and protect the environment. 我们应该节约自然资源，保护环境。 ____________________________________________中国煤炭、石油等自然资源丰富。 答案：wisely wise of us to China is rich in natural resources such as coal and oil. 【知识梳理7】 These types of energy produce little pollution and will never run out. (P109) 这类能源产生极少污染且用之不竭。 run out ①用完，耗尽 其主语通常是被用尽的时间、食物、金钱等，后面不能直接跟宾语。(无被动) run out of用完……，耗尽……(其主语为表示人的名词或代词，宾语为被用完的物，相当于 use up) (有被动) Her money soon ran out. 她的钱很快就花完了。 I have run out of all my money. 我已经花光了我所有的钱。 ②跑出去 run out of从……跑出去 A big animal ran out of the zoo last night. 昨天晚上一只大型动物从动物园跑了出去。 [典型例题] 9 1. We should pay much attention to saving natural resources. Otherwise, they will one day. A. put out B. run out C. get out D. sell out 2. The energy from the sun and wind is very cheap and it will never ________. A. come out B. run out C. put out D. carry out 3. —Would you please help me ________ these leaflets (传单) for the speech? —No problem. A. put out B. hand out C. run out D. come out 4. — The oil on the Earth will ________ one day. — I think so. We should make good use of it. A. find out B. take out C. run out D. give out 5. —Dear, please get some fruit before it ________. —OK. I’ll go to the supermarket right away. A. runs out B. is run out C. is running out D. will be run out 6. 成千上万的物资每天被捐往灾区，以防止物资耗尽。 Thousands of goods _________________ the disaster area to prevent goods ____________________ every day. 答案：1-5BBBCA 6. are donated to, from running out 【知识梳理8】They are going to be used more widely in the future. (P109)在未来，它们将被更广泛地应用。 1) widely 〔副词〕广泛地,普遍地 It's widely believed that trees help improve the environment. 人们普遍认为树木有助于改善环境。 _____________________________ 这种药被广泛使用。 答案：The medicine is widely used. 【拓展】 wide〔形容词〕宽阔的；广泛的 a wide road一条宽阔的道路 She has wide interests. 她的兴趣很广泛。 [典型例题]英语是世界上被运用最广泛的语言之一。 English is one of ________ _________ _________ _________ languages in the world. 答案：the most widely used 2) make a difference 有作用,有影响 difference前面可加修饰词,如 big, great等; 如果表示“对……有影响”，其后可加介词 to。 Small changes can make a difference. 小的改变也能起作用。 Our action can make a big difference to others. 我们的行为会对他人产生很大的影响。 【拓展】 make no difference to 对······没有影响 It makes no difference to me. 这对我没什么影响。 [典型例题] 1. What we did will ________ the environment. A. make a difference B. take a difference C. make a difference to D. take a difference to 2. —In fact, everyone can do something to ________ to our environment. —Yes, I don’t think we should throw away the waste ________. A. make difference; carefully B. make differences; careful C. make a difference; carelessly D. make a few differences; careless 3. 老师的话对我的学习产生了很大的影响。 What the teacher said ________________________to my study. 4. 你认为王老师的话会对最后的决定产生影响吗？ Do you think Mrs Wang’s words would ______________________________________? 5. 父母的主意能对孩子的决定产生影响，但是主要取决于他们自己的想法。 Parents’ ideas can _____________________, but it _______________________ their own mind. 答案：1. C 2. C 3. makes/made a big difference 4. make a difference to the final decision 5. make a difference to children’s choice, mostly depends on Grammar 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一般将来时的被动语态 一般将来时的被动语态用来描述将要发生的动作且主语是动作的承受者。 1.一般将来时的被动语态的构成 (1) will be+及物动词的过去分词 表示单纯的被动动作，无计划性或预见性。 The bridge will be built next year. 这座桥将于明年建成。 (2) be(am/ is/ are) going to be+及物动词的过去分词 强调事先安排或可预见的被动动作。 The new film is going to be shown next Thursday. 这部新电影将在下周四放映。 注意主语是第一人称时，被动语态---的一般将来时也可以用“shall be +及物动词的过去分词”来表达。 2.句式变化 (1)肯定句: ①主语+ will be+及物动词的过去分词 The book will be published next month. 这本书将在下个月出版。 ②主语 + am/ is/ are going to be + 及物动词的过去分词 The problem is going to be discussed in the meeting tomorrow. 这个问题将在明天的会议上进行讨论。 (2)否定句: ①主语 + will not(won't) be+及物动词的过去分词 The concert won't be held in the park. 音乐会不会在公园里举行。 ②主语+ am/ is/ are not going to be +及物动词的过去分词 She isn't going to be invited next time. 下次她将不会被邀请。 (3)一般疑问句： ①Will+主语 + be+及物动词的过去分词? Will the report be finished by Friday? 报告周五前能完成吗? ②Am/ Is/ Are+主语+ going to be+及物动词的过去分词? Are you going to be interviewed for the job?你要接受这份工作的面试吗? (4)特殊疑问句： ①疑问词+ will+(主语+) be+及物动词的过去分词? When will the project be completed? 这个项目何时能完成? ②疑问词+ am/ is/ are+(主语+) going to be+及物动词的过去分词? Where is the party going to be held? 聚会将在哪里举行? ★被动语态重难考点 考点1：感官动词和sell等动词用主动语态表被动。 Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 良药苦口。 This pen sells well. 这支钢笔好卖。 [典型例题] 1. —What do you think of the poem? —It’s a little bit long, but anyway, it__________(read) well. 答案: reads 2. The Harry Potter series written by J.K. Rowling __________ (sell) well every year. 答案: sells 考点2：happen, take place, break out, break down, come true, come out, run out等动词不使用被动。 WWI broke out in 1914. [典型例题] 1. Great changes ________ in our country in the past few years. A. have taken place B. took place C. will take place D. have been taken place 答案: A 2. We all know that Anti-Japanese War ________ in 1937 and ________ for eight years. A. broken out; was lasted B. was broken; lasted C. broke out; lasted D. was broken out; was lasted 答案: C 考点3： 主动形式省略to, 被动还原to. 主动形式 被动形式 see/hear sb. do sth. be seen/heard to do sth. see/hear sb. doing sth. be seen/heard doing sth. make sb. do sth. be made to do sth. The man was made to clean the toilet because he was seen throwing rubbish out when the police walked past the park. [典型例题] 1. The father made the kid cry. The kid _________ made _________ cry _________ his father. 答案: was to by 2. I heard a girl sing in the next room. (改为被动语态) A girl _________ heard _________ _________ in the next room. 答案: was to sing 考点4：固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词。 Children should be taken good care of. [典型例题] 1. Newly-born babies ________ in hospital. A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care 答案: B 2. —Did the doctor save the girl? —Yes, she ________ on the morning of May 10th. She is out of danger now. A. was operated on B. operated on C. was operated D. operated 答案: A 考点5：need, allow 可以用-ing形式表示被动，need to be done=need doing，be allowed to do=allow doing。 Your desk needs repairing. [典型例题] 1. The table requires __________ (repair). 答案: repairing 2. The fish tank needs __________ (clean). 答案: cleaning/to be cleaned [典型例题] 一、单项选择 1.—What a beautiful silk scarf! —Yes, and it _________ in Hangzhou. A. made B. will make C. was made D. will be made 2.—Can you please tell me something about life in the future? —Oh, maybe in the future, people will _________ by robots. A. care for B. be taken good care C. be cared for D. take good care of 3.A new hospital _________ in our town next year. A. builds B. was built C. will build D. will be built 4.The play _________ at the theatre next Sunday. A. will show B. will be shown C. will shown D. is shown 5.Two hundred trees _________ tomorrow because it is Tree Planting Day. A. will be planted B. were planted C. are planted D. has been planted 6.It’s reported that Notre-Dame de Paris (巴黎圣母院) _________ in April 2019. A. was burnt B. is burnt C. be burnt D. was burning 7.I ________ ten minutes to decide whether I should go or not. A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given 8.Jack often does things foolishly, so he _________ sometimes _________ by others. A. is; laughed B. is; laughed at C. was; laughed D. has; been laughed at 9.Some magazines _________ monthly every year. A. come out B. publish C. published D. comes out 10.—Sometimes she is heard _________ songs in the school yard. —Yes, her voice _________ sweet. A. to sing; is sounded B. to sing; sounds C. singing; sounds D. sang; is sounded 答案：CCDBA ABBAB 二、单词拼写 11. More trees ____________ (cut) down if more paper is needed in the future. 12. We will be ____________ (punish) if we take no action to protect the environment. 13. A new big shopping mall____________(build) in the west of Xinghua next year. 14. Look at the sign. If you show the green health code (码), you____________(allow) to get into public places. 15. Now it’s much easier to shop online. When your order is ready, the things you want to buy__________（send）to you soon. 答案：11. will be cut 12. punished 13. will be built 14. will be allowed 15. will be sent 三、完成句子 16. He made me clean the blackboard just now. （改为被动语态） I __________ _________ ________ _________ the blackboard just now by him. 17. I heard a girl sing in the next room.(改为被动语态) A girl__________ heard __________ sing in the next room. 18. Our teacher made us close our eyes in the game.（改为被动语态） We were __________ _________ close our eyes by our teacher in the game. 19. Her story made us laugh for a long time. (变被动语态) We __________ made __________ laugh for a long time by her story. 20. I will use my pocket money to buy a new watch. (改为被动语态) My pocket money_________ _________ _________ _________ ________ to buy a new watch. 答案：16. was made to clean 17. was to 18. made to 19. were to 20. will be used by me 【知识梳理1】 A recycling event is going to be held at our school. (P112)我们学校将举行一次回收活动。 hold 〔动词〕(held, held) ①举行，召开 China has kept the promise to hold a green Olympics. 中国信守了举办绿色奥运的承诺。 The meeting will be held at the hotel. 这次会议将在酒店召开。 ②拥有 相当于 have 或 own。 They hold different views on this matter. 他们对于这件事持有不同的观点。 ③举着，拿着，抓住 He stood in the rain, holding an umbrella. 他站在雨中，举着一把伞。 ④容纳 This big stadium can hold over 2,000 people. 这个大体育场可容纳2000多人。 【知识梳理2】 I hope everyone will take an active part in at least one activity and also vote for the activities you want to see in the future. (P112)我希望每个人都能积极参与至少一项活动，也为你将来想参加的活动投票。 vote 〔动词〕投票，表决 vote for 投票支持 vote against 投票反对 vote on sth 就某事进行表决 Did you vote for or against her? 你投了她的赞成票还是反对票？ Now we will vote on this question. 现在我们对这个问题进行投票表决。 【知识梳理3】In many places, rubbish is thrown into lakes and rivers, so many of them are polluted. (P114)在许多地方，垃圾被扔进湖泊和河流，因此它们中的许多都被污染了。 pollute 〔及物动词〕污染，弄脏 pollute sth with/ by sth 某物受到某物的污染 The river is polluted with/ by the waste from factories. 那条河被工厂的废弃物污染了。 【拓展】 ①pollution〔不可数名词〕污染，污染物 air pollution 空气污染 noise pollution噪声污染 ②polluted〔形容词〕受污染的 polluted land受污染的土地 [典型例题] 1. People in China were in a hard ________ before 1949. They didn’t have enough food to eat. A. communication B. pollution C. instruction D. situation 2. There are fewer and fewer fish in the river because of ________. A. action B. situation C. direction D. pollution 3. The sea _________ if people keep throwing wastes into it. A. is polluted B. was polluted C. has been polluted D. will be polluted 4. New technology_______ to make sure that the cars, taxis, buses and trains we use_______ the air. A. is used; not to pollute B. has used; is not polluted C. is used; do not pollute D. has been used; to pollute 5. —I hear local people are trying to prevent some businesses building factories here. —Yes. They say the place ________if some factories ________ in the future. A. will pollute; will build B. will be polluted; will be built C. is polluted; are built D. will be polluted; are built 答案：1.D 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.D 【知识梳理4】 Sadly over one million seabirds and over100,000 sea animals die every year because of this.(P114)可悲的是,每年有100多万只海鸟和10多万只海洋动物因此而死亡。 辨析: because of与 because 二者都意为“因为”，但用法有别。 because of 短语介词 后跟名词(短语)、代词或动词-ing形式 because 连词 引导状语从句，表示直接、明确的原因或理由 Because of the heavy rain, we had to stay at home to watch TV.因为下大雨，我们只好待在家里看电视。 I didn't buy the shirt because it was too expensive. 我没有买那件衬衫，因为它太贵了。 Integration 【知识梳理1】According to the United Nations, in the last 40 years, desertification has been a problem across almost 30% of the earth's land. (P115)根据联合国的数据，在过去的40年里，荒漠化已经成为一个问题，影响了地球近30%的土地。 1) according to 依照，根据 其中 to是介词，其后可接名词、代词或从句。 according to sb = in one's opinion 在某人看来，依某人之见 Nowadays, according to different processing ways, there are mainly six kinds of Chinese tea. 目前，根据不同的加工方式，中国茶叶主要有六种。 He divided them into three groups according to age. 他把他们按年龄分成三组。 ___________________________________________ 据他所说，那是件好事。 答案：According to what he said, it was a good thing. 2)辨析： almost与 nearly ______________________________________ 我几乎从未见过她。 ______________________________________我们存了一些钱，但还远远不够。 答案：I almost never see her. We' ve saved some money, but it's not nearly enough. 【知识梳理2】 In 1997, China joined the UNCCD, an international agreement to fight desertification. (P115)1997年，中国加入了《联合国防治荒漠化公约》，这是一项防治荒漠化的国际协议。 fight (作动词时，过去式和过去分词均为fought) ①〔动词〕极力反对；与……作斗争 (后接斗争的对象)。 He has been fighting his illness for years. 他已经与疾病抗争多年了。 Workers are fighting the decision to close the factory. 工人们在极力反对关闭工厂的决定。 ②〔动词〕打架，打斗；战斗 fight with sb与某人打架/战斗 fight for为……而打架/战斗 My mother tells me not to fight with others. 妈妈告诉我不要和别人打架。 They fight for peace. 他们为和平而战。 ③〔名词〕打架，战斗 have a fight with…和……打架 There are no winners in a fight. 打斗中没有赢家。 【知识梳理3】 It hardly had any living plants. (P115)它几乎没有活的植物。 hardly〔副词〕几乎不，几乎没有 本身含有否定的意思。当 hardly用在反意疑问句中时，附加问句部分要用肯定形式。 It's hardly possible. 那几乎是不可能的。 There is hardly a cloud in the sky, is there? 天空中几乎没有一朵云，是吗? 【注意】 hardly不是 hard的副词形式。 hard可作形容词，意为“困难的；坚硬的；苛刻的”，又可作副词，意为“努力地；猛烈地”。 【知识梳理4】Many countries are taking action to protect our planet. (P116)许多国家正在采取行动保护我们的星球。 take action 采取行动 take action to do sth 采取行动做某事 We must take action at once. 我们必须立即采取行动。 We should take action to make food safer. 我们应该采取行动让食物更安全。 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $