Unit 4 Body Language Words and Expressions 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语课件聚焦人教版2019选择性必修第一册Unit 4 Body Language核心词汇，以罗兰·巴特名言“我的身体会说出我用言语遮掩的话”导入，系统梳理vary、appropriate等词的释义、派生词、搭配及易混淆词辨析，构建“基础认知-拓展应用-差异对比”的学习支架。 其亮点在于通过情境化例句（如“Customs vary from country to country”）培养语言运用能力，易混淆词辨析（如employ vs. hire）提升思维品质，融入跨文化肢体语言差异素材增强文化意识。采用归纳式总结（如短语搭配列表），学生可高效掌握词汇应用，教师能直接用于课堂教学，提升备课效率。

Unit 4 Body Language Words and Expressions 人教版2019选择性必修第一册 What I hide by my language, my body utters. — Roland Barthes 我的身体会说出我用言语遮掩的话。 ——罗兰 巴特 utter / t (r)/ (以口) 发出声音;说,讲 Unit 4 Body Language vary [ ve ri] vi.(根据情况)变化;改变 variety n. 变化;种类;多样性 various adj. 各种各样的 (1) vary in sth 在某方面不同 / 有差异(常指大小、形状、程度等差异) vary in size/color/shape/meaning 在大小 / 颜色 / 形状 / 含义上不同 Stars vary in brightness.(星星的光亮度不同。) vary with sth. 随……而变化(强调因果关系) Weather varies with seasons. 天气随季节变化。 Prices vary with the seasons.(物价随季节变动。) vary [ ve ri] vi.(根据情况)变化;改变 variety n. 变化;种类;多样性 various adj. 各种各样的 vary from...to... 由……到……不等(强调范围差异) Customs and body language vary from country to country. 各国的习俗与肢体语言各不相同。 The charge varies from 5 yuan to 10 yuan.(费用从5元到10元不等。) (2)a variety of=varieties of 许多的;各种各样的 A variety of data have been collected. appropriate [ pr pri t] adj.合适的, 恰当的 appropriately adv. 适当地;恰当地 appropriateness (n. 适当;合适) 一、 作形容词(adj. 合适的;恰当的) be appropriate to/for sb./sth.(对某人/某物合适;适用于……) The gesture is appropriate to the local culture.这个手势适应当地文化。 Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party.(正式聚会上穿牛仔裤不合适。) These rules are appropriate for all students.(这些规则适用于所有学生。) appropriate [ pr pri t] adj.合适的, 恰当的 it is appropriate (for sb. ) to do sth. (某人)做某事是合适的 It is appropriate to use polite body language.使用礼貌的肢体语言是得体的。 It's appropriate to wear a suit to a job interview.(求职面试时穿西装是合适的。) It is/was appropriate that sb. (should) do. . . 某人做……是合适的 It is not appropriate that a student (should) litter and scribble about.(学生乱扔垃圾、乱涂乱画是不合适的。) appropriate [ pr pri t] adj.合适的, 恰当的 二、 作动词(v. 占用;挪用;拨出) 1. appropriate sth. for sth.(挪用某物用于某事 / 拨出专款用于某事) 例句(挪用):The manager was fired for appropriating office supplies for personal use.(该经理因将办公用品挪作私用而被解雇。) 例句(拨款):The government has appropriated millions of dollars for the project.(政府已为该企划案拨出数百万美元专款。) 2. appropriate oneself of sth.(盗用/私占某物) The thief appropriated himself of the valuable painting.(小偷盗走了那幅名画。) approve [ pru v] vi.赞成;同意 vt.批准;通过 approval n. 赞成, 同意, 批准 approving adj. 赞同的 disapprove v.不赞成;不同意 (1)approve of 赞成;同意 approve of sb/sth. 同意某人/某事 I don’t approve of this gesture. 我不赞同这个手势。 approve of (one’s) doing sth. 同意(某人)做某事 I don't approve of smoking in bed.(我不赞成在床上吸烟。) My parents never approved of my staying out late on weekdays.(我父母从不赞成我在工作日熬夜晚归。) approve [ pru v] vi.赞成;同意 vt.批准;通过 approval n. 赞成, 同意, 批准 approving adj. 赞同的 disapprove v.不赞成;不同意 (2) give one’s approval to sth.(批准某事) win one’s approval(得到某人的同意/认可) (3) disapprove of sth.(不赞成某事) witness [ w tn s] vt.当场看到;目击;见证 n.目击者;证人 be a witness to sth. 是某事的证据/证人 I was a witness to their quarrel.(我是他们吵架的目击者。) bear/give witness to 做……的证人;为……作证 She bore witness to his patience and diligence.(她证明了他的耐心和勤奋。) witness sth / witness sb doing sth:目击、目睹某事或某人正在做某事。 He arrived home just in time to witness his brother being taken away by the police.(他到家时正好看到他兄弟被警察带走。) employ [ m pl ] vt. 使用; 应用;雇佣 employer n. 雇主; 老板 employee n. 受雇者; 雇员 employment n. 雇用; 使用; 职业 unemployment n. [U]失业,失业人数 employ sb. as ... 雇用某人为…… She is employed as a manager.(她被聘为经理。) employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事 We've employed a market researcher to find out what people really want.(我们雇用了一位市场调研员来调查人们的真实需求。) employ [ m pl ] vt. 使用; 应用;雇佣 employ sth to do sth 用…… 来做 People employ smiling to break down communication barriers. 人们用微笑打破沟通障碍。 be employed in (doing) sth. 忙于(做)某事; 从事某活动 She is employed in studying body language. She was employed in making a list of all the jobs to be done.(她正忙着列出所有待办事项的清单。) employ oneself in (doing) sth.:使某人自己忙于某事。 She employed herself by reading after work.(她下班后通过阅读来打发时间。) employ [ m pl ] vt. 使用; 应用;雇佣 in the employ of sb. / in sb.'s employ:受雇于某人 / 在……手下工作(正式用法)。 He was in the employ of the city.(他受雇于市政府。) in employment 在工作 out of employment 失业 Many young people were out of employment last year. 去年不少年轻人失业。 1. 表示“雇用”时:employ vs. hire employ:正式用词,侧重于受雇者拥有固定的工作,且工作享有相当的尊严。 hire:普通用词,常指短期、临时或为完成某项特定工作而雇人,强调“为薪金而工作”的意味。例如:They hired a chef for the wedding.(他们为婚礼临时雇佣了一名厨师。) 2. 表示“使用”时:employ vs. use / utilize employ:强调对处于闲置状态的人或物进行选择并充分利用。 use:最普通的用词,着重为达到某一目的而利用某人或某物。 utilize:书面用词,侧重有利可图或能达到某一实际目的的有效利用。 易混淆词辨析 identical /a dent kl/ adj. 相同的 be identical to/with ... 与……相同 This gesture is identical to the one in France. 这个手势和法国的手势一模一样。 The tests are identical to those carried out last year.(这些测试与去年进行的完全相同。) identical in + 方面(在某方面相同) The two gestures are identical in shape but different in meaning. 两个手势外形相同,含义不同。 They are identical in appearance.(他们在外貌上完全一样。) identical vs. similar:identical 语气最强,强调“完全无差异、一模一样”;而 similar 仅表示“部分相似”,暗示仍存在差异。例如:The documents are similar, but not identical.(这些文件相似,但不完全相同。) identical vs. same:same 可指在质量、外表或意义上相同,但实际上可能有差别;identical 则侧重于没有任何区别。例如:He is of about the same age as you.(他和你的年龄差不多。) identical vs. equal:equal 多指在价值、数量、权力等方面相当而不相同的事物。例如:Those two tables are of equal length.(这两张桌子一样长。) 易混淆词辨析 differ [ d f ] vi.不同于;相异 different adj. 不同的 difference n. 不同,差别 (1)differ from...=be different from... 与……不同 Chinese differs from English in pronunciation. 汉语和英语发音不同。 (2)differ in... 在……方面不同 The twins look alike, but they differ in temperament.(这对双胞胎长得很像,但性格不同。) 组合:A differ from B in sth A 在某方面不同于 B(高频考点) differ [ d f ] vi.不同于;相异 (3) differ between:在……之间存在差异。 The incidence of the illness differs greatly between men and women.(这种疾病的发病率在男女之间差异很大。) (2) differ with sb (on/about sth) 与某人就某事意见不合 I differ with you on this plan.在这个方案上我和你看法不同。 I must differ with your opinion on this matter.(在这件事上我必须不同意你的观点。) make a difference 起作用、有影响 differ vs. disagree:两者都有“不同意”之意,但 differ 语气较温和,是 disagree 的委婉说法;而 disagree 指彼此间意见或看法不同,任何言行上的不合。 differ vs. differentiate:differ 强调事物本身“存在差异”的状态(不及物);而 differentiate 强调“主动去区分、辨别”两者的不同(及物或不及物)。例如:Can you differentiate between red and green?(你能区分红色和绿色吗?) 易混淆词辨析 favour [ fe v ] vt.更喜欢;选择;有利于 n.帮助;恩惠;赞同 favourite adj. 最喜爱的 n. 最喜爱的人/物 favourable adj. 赞成的;有利的 favour doing sth 更喜欢做某事 He favours going by train. 他倾向坐火车去。 do sb. a favour=do a favour for sb. 帮某人的忙 Could you do me a favour? 能帮我个忙吗? Could you do me a favour and pass these sandwiches round?(你能帮我个忙把这些三明治传一下吗?) favour [ fe v ] vt.更喜欢;选择;有利于 n.帮助;恩惠;赞同 ask sb a favour = ask a favour of sb 请某人帮忙 I've come to ask you to do me a favour.(我来这儿是想请你帮个忙。) owe sb. a favour:欠某人一个人情。 I'll ask Steve to take it. He owes me a favour.(我要请史蒂夫接受,他欠我一个人情。 favour [ fe v ] vt.更喜欢;选择;有利于 n.帮助;恩惠;赞同 in one’s favour 对某人有利 The new tax law seems to favour low-income families.(新的税法似乎对低收入家庭有利。) The score is in our favour. 比分对我方有利。 in favour of... 支持…… I’m in favour of this suggestion. 我赞成这个提议。 council has voted almost unanimously in favour.(市议会几乎全票投了赞成票。) reliable [r la bl] adj. 可靠的;可信赖的 rely v. 信任;信赖;依赖;依靠 reliably adv. 可靠地;可信赖地 reliability n. [U]可靠性 unreliable 不可靠的 rely on/upon 依靠;依赖 rely on it that... 相信 rely on/upon sb to do sth 依靠某人做某事 We rely on him to finish the work. rely on/upon sb for sth 依靠某人获得某物 trial / tra l/ n. & v. 审讯;审判;试验;试用 stand trial:受审。 He was found to be mentally unfit to stand trial.(发现他精神状况不适合接受审判。) put sb. on trial:使某人受审。 on trial 在受审中;在试用中 He is on trial for theft. 他因盗窃在受审。 We'll take the machine on trial for a week. 这台机器我们试用一周。 在表达“试验”或“测试”时,trial 常与以下词汇进行区分: trial vs. test:test 是普通用词,含义广,指用科学方法对某物质进行测试以估价其性质或效能等。 trial vs. experiment:experiment 多指用科学方法在实验室内进行较系统的操作实验,以验证、解释或说明某一理论或观点。 trial vs. try:try 是普通用词,多用于口语或非正式场合,指试一试。而 trial 指为观察、研究某事物以区别其真伪、优劣或效果等而进行较长时间的试验或试用过程。 易混淆词辨析 assessment / sesm nt/ n. 评价;评定 (1) make/ conduct an assessment/assessments (of ...) (对……)进行判断/评估 The first thing you must do is make an assessment of the situation.(你首先要做的是对形势进行评估。) carry out an assessment 开展评估 give / provide an assessment:给出/提供评估。 The Defense Secretary gave an upbeat assessment of the war so far.(国防部长对迄今为止的战事进行了乐观的评价。 assessment / sesm nt/ n. 评价;评定 base an assessment on...:基于……进行评估。 The assessment is based on the preliminary parameters.(这一预测是基于初始参数得出的。) risk assessment 风险评估 market assessment(市场评估) needs assessment(需求评估) student assessment 学业测评 assess / ses/ vt. 评估;评价 (2) assess sth at ... 估算/核定……为……(数量、价值) The house is assessed at 500,000 yuan. 这套房子估价 50 万元。 assess sb. on sth.:就某事评价/考核某人 You will be assessed on your ability to take decisions quickly.(将对你快速决策的能力进行考核。) assess sth. for sth.:为……目的而评估 / 对……进行课税 Currently, 38 states require counties to assess properties for taxation.(目前,有38个州要求各县对财产进行评估以征税。) assess how/what/whether… 评判……(从句) We need to assess whether the plan works. 我们要评估方案是否可行。 assessment vs. evaluate (evaluate的名词为 evaluation):assess 侧重于“估算价值/数量”或“根据标准评定”(如 assess damage 评估损失);而 evaluate 侧重于“全面评价以判断价值”(如 evaluate performance 评价表现)。 assessment vs. appraisal:appraisal 多用于指对员工的工作表现进行“绩效考核”或对财产的“专业估价”。 assessment vs. estimation:estimation 更侧重于主观上的“估计、估算”,而 assessment 通常包含更系统、客观的考量过程。 易混淆词辨析 reveal /r vi l/ vt. 揭示;显示;露出 reveal sth to sb 向某人透露… She revealed her secret to me. 她把秘密告诉了我。 it is revealed that … = reveal that 从句 透露…… British diet has revealed that a growing number of people are overweight. 对英国人饮食进行的一项调查显示有越来越多的人超重。 The report reveals that prices will rise. 报告显示物价将要上涨。 reveal /r vi l/ vt. 揭示;显示;露出 reveal + wh- 从句:透露 / 揭示(谁、什么、哪里等) He would not reveal where he had hidden her chocolate eggs.(他就是不说他把她的巧克力蛋藏在哪里了。) reveal sb./sth. to be / as...:表明某人/某物是……。 These letters revealed him as an honest man.(这些信件表明他是一个诚实的人。) revealing (adj.) 揭露真相的;发人深省的;(衣物)暴露的。 revelation n. 被揭露的事实;启示 reveal vs. expose:reveal 多指揭露一直隐藏或隐秘的东西,或启示超乎常人领导能力的真理;而 expose 多指揭露丑闻、坏人坏事或各种阴谋,也可指某物暴露在外。 reveal vs. disclose:disclose 侧重指主动揭露或泄露鲜为人知或保密的事,较为正式。 reveal vs. uncover:uncover 主要指移去遮盖物让东西显露出来,强调揭开或发现的动作及过程,也可指揭露阴谋、秘密等。 reveal vs. unveil:unveil 强调首次公开、具有仪式感地揭幕一个新东西;而 reveal 是一个通用词,应用语境更宽泛,强调隐秘感的破除。 易混淆词辨析 distinguish [d s t gw ] v. 区分; 辨别 distinguished adj. 卓越的;著名的;杰出的 distinct adj. 明显的;截然不同的 distinction n. 区别;荣誉 distinctive (adj.) 独特的,有特色的。 distinguish A from B 区分 A 与 B,把 A 和 B 区别开来(最常考) Can you distinguish right from wrong? 你能分辨是非吗? I can hardly distinguish the twin sisters from each other. 我几乎分不清这对双胞胎姐妹。 I sometimes have difficulty distinguishing Spanish from Portuguese.(我有时很难分清西班牙语和葡萄牙语。) distinguish [d s t gw ] v. 区分; 辨别 distinguish between A and B =make a distinction between… 辨别 A 和 B It is not easy to distinguish between fake money and real money. 辨别假币和真币并不容易。 It's important to distinguish between business and pleasure.(分清什么是正事什么是娱乐非常重要。) distinguish oneself as/to be 作为……而出名 He distinguished himself in science. 他在科学领域崭露头角。 He distinguished himself as a writer at a very early age.(他年纪轻轻就成为一名出类拔萃的作家。) distinguish [d s t gw ] v. 区分; 辨别 be distinguished for/as… 因为/作为……而出名 distinguish oneself by / with sth:因某事而脱颖而出。 She distinguished herself by her coolness and bravery.(她因头脑冷静、敢作敢为而为人称道。) be distinct from 与…… 截然不同 Cultural customs are distinct from country to country. 各国的风俗习惯各不相同。 distinguish vs. discriminate:discriminate 语气较强,指从十分相似的事物中辨出差异,尤其强调把“好坏”区分开来;而 distinguish 是普通用词,强调辨别所需的技巧或实际观察到的区别。 distinguish vs. discern:discern 语义较笼统,着重精深与准确的观察力,不一定有能分辨关系密切的各项事物的含义;distinguish 则更侧重于“区分”这一动作。 易混淆词辨析 anxiety / za ti/ n. 焦虑;担心;害怕 anxious adj. 担心的;焦虑的 anxiously adv. 担心地;焦虑地 anxiety about/over sth 对…… 的担忧 Her anxiety over the exam grew day by day. 她对考试的焦虑日渐加重。 He felt great anxiety about the coming exam. 他对即将到来的考试满心焦虑。 anxiety for sth.:渴望得到某物。 His anxiety for knowledge is to be praised. (他对知识的渴求应该受到称赞。) anxiety / za ti/ n. 焦虑;担心;害怕 anxiety to do sth 急于想要做某事 Her anxiety to finish work drove her to stay up late. 她急于完成工作,因此熬夜。 She expressed anxiety to meet you. (她表示渴望见到你。) be anxious about sth/for sb 为某事/某人担忧 Parents are always anxious about their children’s future. 父母总会担心孩子的未来。 We are anxious about her health. (我们为她的健康感到担忧。) anxiety / za ti/ n. 焦虑;担心;害怕 be anxious to do 急于做 We are anxious to know the final result. 我们迫切想知道最终结果。 be anxious for sb. to do sth.:渴望/急于让某人做某事。 She was anxious for them to leave her room. (她渴望他们离开她的房间。) be anxious that +(should) do 渴望…… She is anxious that her daughter (should) get good education. 她盼望女儿能受到良好教育。 occupy [ kj pa ] vt. 使用, 占用(空间、面积、时间等); 使用(房屋、建筑); 居住;侵占; 占领; 占据; 使忙于(做某事); 忙着(做某事) 1. 表示“占据(空间、时间或位置)”的搭配 occupy space / an area/time:占据空间 / 面积/时间。(地方、时间) The big sofa occupies too much space. 大沙发占了太多空间。 occupation n. 职业;占领 occupant (n.) 居住者;占有者 occupied adj. 忙碌的;被占用的 occupy [ kj pa ] vt. 使用, 占用(空间、面积、时间等); 使用(房屋、建筑); 居住;侵占; 占领; 占据; 使忙于(做某事); 忙着(做某事) 1. 表示“占据(空间、时间或位置)”的搭配 occupy a position:占据位置 / 担任职位。 She occupies a key position in the company.(她在公司担任关键职位。) occupy one's mind / attention:占据某人的头脑 / 注意力。 Problems at work continued to occupy his mind for some time.(工作上的问题继续在他脑海中萦绕了一段时间。) occupy [ kj pa ] vt. 使用, 占用(空间、面积、时间等); 使用(房屋、建筑); 居住;侵占; 占领; 占据; 使忙于(做某事); 忙着(做某事) 2. 表示“使忙碌、使全神贯注”的搭配 be occupied in/ with (doing) sth. / sth. 忙于做某事 =occupy oneself in/ with (doing) sth. 忙于做某事 (高频考点:表状态) She occupies herself with reading. = She is occupied with reading. 她埋头看书。 keep sb. occupied:使某人保持忙碌 / 充实。 Teaching and doing housework keep her occupied every day.(教书和做家务使她每天都过得很充实。) occupy vs. take up:take up 是较口语化的表达,侧重于“开始占用(时间/空间)”;而 occupy 更为正式,侧重于“持续占据、填满”的状态。例如:This desk takes up too much room.(这张桌子太占地方。) occupy vs. fill:fill 强调“把……装满、填满”的动作或结果;occupy 侧重于“存在于某处、使用某空间”。例如:I filled the bucket with water.(我往桶里注满了水。) occupy vs. invade:invade 侧重于“入侵、侵入”的动作(带有侵略性);occupy 侧重于入侵后“占领、控制”的持续状态。 易混淆词辨析 stare /ste (r)/ vi. 盯着看;凝视 n. 凝视 stare at sb/sth 盯着看;凝视;注视…… Don’t stare at others in public. 不要在公共场合盯着别人看。 stare into:凝视(远方、深处等)。 例如:Chuck sat quietly for hours staring into the distance.(查克静静地坐了几个钟头,凝视着远方。) stare someone down / out:以逼视的目光压倒某人,盯得某人转移目光。 During the press conference, each boxer tried to stare the other down.(记者招待会上两位拳击手都瞪大双眼直视对方,想把对方压倒。) stare /ste (r)/ vi. 盯着看;凝视 n. 凝视 stare someone into silence:把某人盯得不吭声。 例如:She stared him into silence.(她把他盯得不吭声了。) stare someone in the face:(形势、答案等)明摆在某人面前,显而易见。 例如:The answer had been staring me in the face ever since.(这个答案一直明摆在我面前。) stare vs. gaze:stare 强调睁大眼睛长时间盯着看,常因好奇、惊讶或显得粗鲁无礼;而 gaze 侧重于因羡慕、感兴趣、感叹或惊异而长时间目不转睛地看,通常不含粗鲁之意。 stare vs. glare:stare 是一般的“盯着看”;而 glare 是“怒视”,强调怀有敌意、愤恨或在气愤的情绪下死死看着某人。 stare vs. glance:stare 是长时间地注视;glance 则是“一瞥”,指匆匆地或粗略地看一眼。 易混淆词辨析 perceive /p si v/ vt. 察觉;看待;理解 perceive sth/sb as sth 将某人/某事看作…… In Japan, the OK gesture is perceived as money.在日本,OK 手势被视作金钱。 perceive that 从句 意识到…… People perceive that smiling is helpful in communication. She perceived that her efforts were not being recognized.(她意识到自己的努力并没有得到认可。) perception n. 看法;感知力 perceptive (adj.) 敏锐的,有洞察力的。 perceptible (adj.) 可察觉的,看得见的 tendency / tend nsi/ n. 趋势;倾向 (1) have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向 People have a tendency to smile when pleased. 人们开心时往往会微笑。 (2) There is a(n) tendency (for sb/sth) to do ... (某人/某物有做……的趋势 There is a tendency for different nations to use varied body language. tend v. 倾向;易于 tendency / tend nsi/ n. 趋势;倾向 (3) tend to do sth = have a tendency to do sth 倾向做某事 She tends to nod to show agreement.= She has a tendency to nod to show agreement. tend to/towards sth 趋向某种状态 Opinions tend towards different ideas about gestures. tend (to) sb/sth 照料/护理/照管某人/某物 She tends the injured patient. tendency vs. trend vs. current tendency 指人或事物固有、习得的倾向性或脾性,强调内在特质或自然倾向(如 a tendency to be too strict);而 trend 侧重于事物发展总的方向、宏观趋势或潮流,常受外部力量影响且可能发生变化(如 a downward trend)。current 指向某一方面发展或在确切趋向中行动的潮流。 易混淆词辨析 embarrassed [ m b r st] adj. 尴尬的; 难堪的 embarrass vt. 使窘迫,使尴尬 embarrassing adj. 使人尴尬的, 使人难堪的 embarrassment n. 困窘; 尴尬; 使发窘的人或事 be embarrassed about/at sth 因某事难为情, 因某事而尴尬 He was embarrassed about his mistake.他为自己的失误感到尴尬。 be embarrassed to do sth 不好意思做某事,因做某事而尴尬 I’m embarrassed to ask for help.我不好意思求助。 to one’s embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是 To my embarrassment, I forgot his name. 人感到 embarrassed;事令人 embarrassing ashamed / e md/ adj. 羞愧;惭愧 shame n. [U]羞耻,羞愧;[sing.]让人遗憾的事 ashamed(人)感到羞愧(只作表语,不前置定语) shameful adj. 可耻的,丢脸的(形容事物、行为) shameless adj. 无耻的 (1) be ashamed of sth/doing sth 为…… 感到羞愧 He was ashamed of using improper body language.他因使用不得体的肢体语言而羞愧。 (2) be ashamed to do sth 因羞愧而不愿做某事 She is ashamed to admit her mistake.她不好意思承认自己的失误。 feel ashamed that… 惭愧…… call on (短暂地)访问;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请 常见动词短语搭配 1. call up ①打电话;②征召入伍;③使回忆起 I’ll call you up this evening.我今晚给你打电话。 2. call on/upon ①拜访(人);(短暂地)访问 ②号召,呼吁,要求(某人讲话等) We called on our old teacher last Sunday.上周日我们去拜访了老教师。 The leader called on us to save water.领导号召我们节约用水。 call on (短暂地)访问;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请 3. call at拜访(某地、住所) The train calls at every small station.这趟火车停靠每一个小站。 4. call off 取消 The sports meeting was called off because of rain.运动会因下雨取消了。 5. call for ①需要;②去接(人);呼吁 This job calls for patience.这份工作需要耐心。 I’ll call for you at seven.我七点来接你。 6. call in 请来;找来;顺路拜访 We need to call in a doctor.我们得请一位医生过来。 7. call out大声呼喊;召集 She called out my name across the street.她在街对面喊我的名字。 8. call back 回电话;召回 Please call back later.请稍后回电。 9. call aside叫到一旁 The manager called me aside to talk.经理把我叫到一边谈话。 常见名词搭配 make a call / give (sb.) a call:打(个)电话。 例如:I've just got a couple of calls to make.(我正要打几个电话。) return a call:回电话。 例如:Did he ever return your call?(他给你回过电话吗?) pay a call on sb.:拜访某人。 例如:Tomorrow I'll pay a call on him.(明天我将要去拜访他。) on call:待命,随时准备出诊/出警。 例如:Dr. Menendez is on call for the next 24 hours.(梅南德斯医生在接下来的24小时内待命。) bother / b (r)/ vi. & vt. 费心;麻烦;因……操心 n. 麻烦;不便 1. bother sb. (about/with sth) 用某事麻烦某人 / 为某事烦扰某人。 Don’t bother me with trivial things.别拿琐事来烦我。 Sorry to bother you about the problem.抱歉打扰你问这个问题。 2. bother to do/doing sth 费心做某事(多用于否定、疑问) can't be bothered (to do sth.):嫌麻烦而不做某事 / 懒得做某事。 not bother to do 懒得做、不愿费事 bother / b (r)/ vi. & vt. 费心;麻烦;因……操心 n. 麻烦;不便 Few people bother reading the notice.没几个人费心去看通知。 The grass needs cutting but I can't be bothered to do it today.(草得剪一剪了,但我今天却懒得去做。) He didn’t bother to reply to my message.他懒得回我的消息。 3. bother ( oneself ) about/with sth 为某事操心 Don't bother about such trifles.(这丁点儿事不必放在心上。) Don’t bother yourself about his mistakes.别为他的错误费心。 bother / b (r)/ vi. & vt. 费心;麻烦;因……操心 n. 麻烦;不便 4. It bothers sb. that… 使某人困扰的是…… It bothers me that she never keeps promises.她从不守诺,这让我很困扰。 5. have bother (in) doing sth 做某事费劲(=trouble) We had little bother finding his house.我们没费什么劲就找到了他家。 6. put sb to any bother 给某人添乱子 at work 有某种影响;在工作 be at work:在上班 / 正在工作 , 起作用 / 发挥效用 I'm at work right now.(我现在正在上班。) That's Viv's clever tactic and strategy at work.(那是维夫巧妙的战术和策略在起作用。) be at work on sth 忙着做某事 He’s at work on a new novel.(他正努力忙着写一本新小说。) conflict / k nfl kt/ n. 矛盾;冲突 /k n fl kt/ vi. 冲突;抵触 一、作名词 / k nfl kt/ (1) in conflict with 和……冲突 This technology may be in conflict with copyright law.(这项技术可能与版权法相冲突。) His opinion is in conflict with ours.他的观点和我们相矛盾。 conflicting (adj.) 冲突的,相互矛盾的。 conflicted (adj.) 感到矛盾的,内心挣扎的 conflict / k nfl kt/ n. 矛盾;冲突 /k n fl kt/ vi. 冲突;抵触 一、作名词 / k nfl kt/ (2) conflict between A and B A 与 B 之间的冲突 the conflict between work and family工作与家庭之间的矛盾 (3) come into conflict with sb 与某人发生冲突/争执 Having disagreements with your parents does not necessarily mean you must come into conflict with them.(与父母有分歧并不意味着你必须和他们发生冲突。) conflict / k nfl kt/ n. 矛盾;冲突 /k n fl kt/ vi. 冲突;抵触 二、作动词 /k n fl kt/ conflict with sth 与… 冲突、抵触 The results of the new research would seem to conflict with existing theories. (新的研究结果似乎和已有的理论相抵触。) conflict with sb over sth 因某事和某人产生分歧 They conflicted with each other over the plan.他们就方案产生了争执。 conflict vs. argument:argument 指辩论双方均以事实或理由来说服对方的辩论;而 conflict 指双方坚持己见、互不妥协,怀有敌意的争论,多暗示分歧极为严重,有时甚至诉诸武力。 conflict vs. contradiction:contradiction 侧重于逻辑上或言语上的“自相矛盾、反驳”(如 a contradiction between A and B);而 conflict 侧重于利益、观点、行动上的对立与冲突。 conflict vs. clash:clash 侧重于观点不合、时间冲突或带有金属碰击声的猛烈相撞;conflict 则更多指长期的对立状态或深层的矛盾。 易混淆词辨析 adjust / d st/ vt. 调整;调节 vi. & vt. 适应;(使)习惯 一、动词 / d st/ (1) adjust A to B 调整A以适应B You need to adjust the seat height before riding the bike.(骑自行车前你需要调整座位高度。) (2) adjust to (doing) sth 习惯/适应(做)某事 It took time to adjust to the new life.适应新生活花了一段时间。 She can’t adjust to living abroad.她无法适应在国外生活。 adjust / d st/ vt. 调整;调节 vi. & vt. 适应;(使)习惯 (3) adjust oneself to sth 使自己适应某事 You must adjust yourself to the new rules.你得让自己适应新规。 It took him weeks to adjust himself to the cold climate.(他花了数周才适应寒冷的气候。) adjustment n. 调整;调节 adjustable adj. 可调节的 adjust / d st/ vt. 调整;调节 vi. & vt. 适应;(使)习惯 二、名词:adjustment make an adjustment to… 对…… 做出调整, 适应(新环境、新情况等)。 He has so far failed to make the adjustment from school to work.(他到现在还没有适应从学生生活到工作的变化。) I've made a few minor adjustments to the seating plan.(我对座次表作了小小的调整。) We made some adjustments to the plan.我们对方案做了些许改动。 adjust vs. adapt:adjust 侧重于幅度较小的“微调、调节”(如调节高度、角度、音量等),强调过程;而 adapt 侧重于为了适应新环境或新条件而做出较大的“改变、改编”,强调改变的目的和重要性。 adjust vs. modify:modify 强调有目的地对计划、设计或规则等进行“修改、更改”,使其更完善;而 adjust 更多指机械性的微调或心理上的适应。 adjust vs. alter:alter 侧重于在外观、性质、用途或尺寸(如改衣服)上稍作改变;adjust 则侧重于为了“更正确、有效或合适”而进行的调节。 易混淆词辨析 react /ri kt/ vi. (对……)起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应 (1) react to … 对…… 作出反应(最常用) reaction to sth 对…… 的反应 How did he react to the news?他对这个消息作何反应? (2) react to ... 对……过敏 (3) react with sth 与某物发生化学反应 Oxygen reacts with iron to form rust.氧气和铁发生反应生成铁锈。 (4) react against … 反抗;逆反 reaction n. [C, U]反应,回应;化学反应 reactive adj. 反应的;活性的 break down 消除;分解;打破 1. break down①(机器 / 车辆) 出故障;②(身体) 垮掉;③分解;(谈判) 破裂 My car broke down on the way. 我的车半路抛锚了。 His health broke down. 他身体垮了。 2.break up ①分手;②拆散;分裂;打碎; 放假;结束 They broke up last month. 他俩上个月分手了。 The school breaks up in July. 学校七月放假。 break down 消除;分解;打破 3. break out(火灾、战争、瘟疫)爆发,无被动 A big fire broke out last night. 昨夜突发大火。 4. break into 闯入;破门而入;打断 Thieves broke into the shop at night. 小偷夜里闯入店铺。 5. break in 打断(谈话);闯入(不及物) Don’t break in while others are talking. 别人说话别插嘴。 6. break off 中断;折断 They broke off their conversation. 他们中止了谈话。 break down 消除;分解;打破 7. break through 突破;冲破 The sun broke through the clouds. 阳光冲破云层。 8. break away (from) 挣脱;脱离 The province broke away from the old country. 该省份脱离旧政权。 break down 消除;分解;打破 ①It takes a long time to break down prejudice._ ②News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached._ ③With the increasing burden of his work, he finally broke down and had to take a complete rest._ ④What is known to us all is that the bacteria that live in the soil help to break down our wastes._ 打破 失败,终止 身体垮了 分解 by comparison/contrast 相比之下,相比较 (1) by comparison (with sth.) 相比之下,(与……)比较起来 in comparison with sth. 与……相比,相比之下 In comparison with last year, sales rose.和去年相比,销量上涨。 make a comparison 做比较 comparative adj. 比较而言的 compare v. 比较 by comparison/contrast 相比之下,相比较 (2) compare A with B 把 A 和 B 对比(找异同) We often compare cars with each other.我们常把车子相互对比。 be compared with This house is small when compared with that one.和那栋房子比,这栋很小。 compare A to B 把 A 比作 B(比喻) Poets compare life to a journey.诗人把人生比作一场旅途。 be compared to Life is often compared to a river.人生常被比作河流。 by comparison/contrast 相比之下,相比较 ①After months of living in a tropical climate, Spain seemed cool in/by _ (compare). ②[2018 天津卷]_ (compare) with / _ comparison with adults, children are more eager to explore the world around them. ③My favorite season is autumn because the weather is more agreeable _ comparison with summer. comparison Compared In by/in in other words 换句话说;也就是说 (1)in a/one word 总而言之 In a word, we succeeded. 总之,我们成功了。 (2)have a word with sb. 与某人说句话 Can I have a word with you? 能和你聊几句吗? (3) have words with sb. 与某人吵架 They had words yesterday. 他俩昨天吵架了 (4) keep/break one's word 遵守诺言/失信 You should keep your word. 你应当守诺。 in other words 换句话说;也就是说 (5) beyond words 无法用言语表达 (6) in words 用语言 (7) word came that... 有消息说…… Word came that he would resign. 传来消息他将要辞职。 in other words同义表达:namely, that is, that is to say in other words 换句话说;也就是说 ①He is such a man that he can't always _. _, he always _, because of which his friends often _ him. 他是这样的一个人,总是不能遵守诺言。换句话说,他总是食言,正是因为如此,他的朋友们经常和他吵架。 keep his word In other words breaks his word have words with In other words, a smile could serve as a bridge to connect two people and shorten the distance between two hearts. in other words 换句话说;也就是说 ②Everybody was touched _ words after they heard her moving story. ③_ a word, environmental protection is of great importance, which can make us live more comfortably and healthily. ④Word came _ the president will attend the conference next month. beyond In that Unit 4 Thank You ! Words and Expressions 新人教选必一 $