北京师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二年级下学期期中练习英语试题

2023-2024学年北大附中高二年级练习 英 语 考生须知 1. 本试卷共9页，共三个部分，44道小题。满分100分。考试时间90分钟。 2. 在试卷和答题纸上准确填写书院名称、班级名称、姓名。 3. 答案一律填涂或书写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。 4. 在答题纸上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其余题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 5. 考试结束，请将答题纸交回。试卷自己留存。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，共30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I was a zombie, going to high school barely even awake. I played video games till midnight nearly every day. Luckily there came a new ____1____ who woke me up. On the first day of my senior year, I sat at my desk in a sleepy state. I yawned, not even ____2____ to cover my mouth. Ray Sea beck leapt to my desk and beat his hands on it. “Do you like Shakespeare?” he screamed at me. My mouth was stuck in mid-yawn, wide open. “Well, do you?” he ____3____ . “Yes!” I lied. Actually I had no idea what Shakespeare was. But I was going to find out. What’s more, this man tried to ____4____ my interest in literature. We read Hamlet, and bit by bit I found that I couldn’t put it down. Why did Hamlet keep hesitating? Why? Suddenly I became ____5____ in Shakespeare, and then Hemingway, and then Fitzgerald, Wordsworth and Blake. I even dreamed of becoming an English teacher like Mr. Seabeck! But could I make it to ____6____ with only several months left? I stayed after school one day to ____7____ Mr. Seabeck about my future. “You’re Hamlet!” he said. “Here are two paths laid open for you — to be or not to be. To ____8____ your dream or to give up.” I left school that day with college in my eyes and ears. Just thinking of that made me feel ____9____ . Mr. Seabeck was right. I eventually got accepted at Plymouth State University. Now as an English teacher, I can still hear Mr. Seabeck screaming, “Do you like Shakespeare?” I might never have ____10____ that I, in fact, love Shakespeare but for the flame he lit in me. 1. A. janitor B. principal C. teacher D. librarian 2. A. affording B. bothering C. hesitating D. refusing 3. A. yelled B. replied C. investigated D. warned 4. A. kill B. affect C. shift D. fan 5. A. absorbed B. weak C. confident D. disappointed 6. A. society B. church C. college D. heaven 7. A. tell B. interview C. advise D. consult 8. A. apply for B. struggle for C. account for D. long for 9. A. thrilled B. depressed C. astonished D. exhausted 10. A. insisted B. known C. wondered D. overlooked 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When I was 16, I formed my first band called “Frog”. At the beginning, we depended ___11___ playing instruments in the street to earn money. Then we wore false beards pretending to be famous musicians. In addition, we added humorous acts to our ___12___ (performance) and played jokes on one another. Soon, our “funny jazz” became famous and we were invited to perform everywhere. Afterwards, we made a record in a studio. Up to now one million copies ___13___ (sell) and we become rich and popular. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Your financial IQ is the kind of intelligence ___14___ helps you comprehend how money works so you can manage it well. In other words, having financial intelligence ___15___ (enhance) your competence to handle money responsibly and wisely over the long term. It enables you ___16___ (make) good financial decisions and to take advantage of money-making opportunities that present themselves. You can improve your financial IQ by educating ___17___ (you), getting help from financially intelligent people around you and creating budgets. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Nowadays, many people have more than one job, or a slash career. For people encouraging slash careers, secondary jobs ____18____ (become) enjoyable if they can include interests the primary job doesn’t touch. On the other hand, a slash career can be dangerous for work-life balance. ____19____ (work) more than one job can fill up all of your time. One might give up necessary things like relaxation, exercise or time with one’s family. People with slash careers need to think carefully about ____20____ they use their time. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，共38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The book “A Wrinkle in Time” was first published in 1962. Back then, stories about smart, young girls who liked science were hard to find. But author Madeline L’Engle was a visionary, and so was Meg Murry, the book’s main character. HowStuffWorks is a website about science and culture. Writers for the site talked to three women scientists. These women read “A Wrinkle in Time” when they were kids. Here is how Meg inspired them. The Neuropsychologist Dr. Amy Serin is a successful neuropsychologist. Dr. Serin said it was hard to find a good female hero. That is why she loved the book so much. She even wrote to Madeline L’Engle, and L’Engle wrote back. The author told Dr. Serin to follow her dreams of being a scientist. “Her responses really encouraged me,” Dr. Serin said. Now, Dr. Serin started a company called Touchpoint Solution. The company makes a health device that people can wear to lower stress. The Doctor-Turned-Inventor After reading the book, Dr. Amy Baxter paid attention to Meg’s mother, Mrs. Murry, who was a microbiologist. She studied living creatures that are too small to see, like germs. “Mrs. Murry was a role model of how a woman could be both a mom and a scientist”, Dr. Baxter said. The book helped Dr. Baxter go on to become a doctor. She also invented a new device in her garage to block the pain from needles. The Mathematician Dr. Abbe Herzig teaches about education at the University of Albany. “A Wrinkle in Time” was one of the first books she read about time travel. It inspired her to learn more about science and time. Dr. Herzig likes to learn about different types of clocks. She also loves to learn about calendars from the past and looks at the math behind ideas about time. 21. What inspired Dr. Amy Serin to pursue a career in science? A. The adventures taken by Meg Murry. B. Mrs. Murry’s role as a microbiologist in the book. C. L’Engle’s encouragement in response to her letter. D. The challenges faced by female heroes in literature. 22. What influence does the book have on Dr. Baxter? A. Showing her the importance of family. B. Inspiring her to become a doctor and inventor. C. Introducing her to the world of science fiction. D. Encouraging her to pursue a career in microbiology. 23. What does the author intend to tell us? A. No role models, no success. B. Where there’s a will, there’s a way. C. Opportunities are reserved for visionary people. D. Literature can be inspiring in one’s career pursuit. B Donald lay back on the grass of the recently mowed lawn of the Griffith Park Observatory. It was Saturday and a pleasant evening lay before him. First, a visit to the early show at the planetarium (天文馆) where he would see the highly praised Holorama show. Then an evening under the stars at the Greek Theater down the hill to listen to the Star Crushers, the latest sensation in popular music. And, to go with it all, a fascinating and beautiful, but slightly confusing, girl. The Sun had set and Donald’s mind wandered up into the lightly star-sprinkled sky as it had been doing ever since he was a little child and he and his father would go out into the back yard in the evening to look at the stars. Occasionally they would both be rewarded by the quick slash of a meteor or the slow progression of a satellite. Donald knew that since those days, his life had been fixed. He wanted to go to the stars! Unfortunately, mankind’s reach for the stars had faltered as Donald came of age, but his persistence had gained him one of the few jobs left in the field. Although it now looked as if he would never get off the Earth himself, he was out there represented by the spacecraft that he tended. Jacqueline took another sip of wine and watched Donald’s eyes as they peered into the darkening skies. They were as vacant as the deep space they were contemplating. Jacqueline knew Donald well enough to realize where his mind was. “Which one are you looking at?” she asked, knowing that he knew the position in the sky of every one of the six deep-space spacecraft that he was responsible for monitoring. “Not one of mine,” he replied, “but the first one to leave the Solar System — the Pioneer X. It went out between Taurus and Orion. It must be at 10,000 AU (天文单位) by now. I was imagining that I was out there, no longer able to communicate with Earth, pushing on alone, buffeted by micrometeoroids (微流星) and the interstellar wind, getting more and more tired but pressing onward and outward...” Jacqueline’s tinkling laugh brought him back to Earth. He rolled over and glared somewhat shamefully at her. “Don’t be mad,” she said. “You and I must be more alike than we realize, for I too sometimes dream that I am a spacecraft.” 24. This part of the story is mainly set __________ A. on a lawn B. in a theater C. in a restaurant D. on a spacecraft 25. Why did Donald choose to work in this field? A. His father encouraged him to select this job. B. He had been fascinated by space since childhood. C. The job would give him a chance to go to the stars. D. Space exploration was then a rapidly growing industry. 26. How might we describe Donald’s personality? A. Brave and careful. B. Kind and sensitive. C. Outgoing and enthusiastic. D. Imaginative and determined. 27. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A. Jacqueline found Donald’s ideas ridiculous. B. Jacqueline shared a similar interest with Donald. C. Jacqueline was concerned about Donald’s madness. D. Donald felt reluctant to reveal his desire to Jacqueline. C Scientists have built a bacterium that contains the minimal genetic ingredients needed for free living. This bacterium’s entire set of genetic blueprints, its genome, consists of only 473 genes, including 149 whose precise biological function is unknown. The newly-created bacterium contains a minimalist version of the genome of Mycoplasma mycoides (丝状支原体). In 2010, researchers at the J. Craig Venter Institute in La Jolla, Calif, copied the entire genome of M. mycoides and popped it into a cell of a different species, Mycoplasma capricolum (山羊支原体),creating the first synthetic organism. The new work strips (剥离) the M. mycoides genome down to its essential elements before transplanting it to the M. capricolum shell, producing a minimal bacterium named syn 3.0. Researchers hope syn 3.0’s genome will teach them more about the basics of biology. Such minimal genome bacteria also may be fundamental to build custom-made microbes for producing drugs or chemicals. J. Craig Venter, founder of the nonprofit institute, and a team of researchers there initially set out to design an organism based on a core set of about 300 genes that researchers guessed a microbe would need to survive on its own. But when the researchers tried to bring their computer creations to life, “every one of our designs failed,” Venter said. The failure was due to leaving genes of unknown function out of the mix. About 32 percent of the genetic ingredients, which were ultimately needed to cook up even a simple organism, were left out of the initial recipe because the researchers didn’t know what the genes did and didn’t understand their importance. Once those genes were mixed back, the bacteria sprung to life. “I think we’re showing how complex life is in even the simplest of organisms,” Venter said. “These findings are very humbling” because they show that researchers still don’t fully understand even the minimal requirements for life. The lack of knowledge is frustrating after so many years of molecular biology, but the newly built microbe may be a good platform for discovering what genes of unknown function do. While other researchers have attempted to make minimal genomes by stripping away one gene at a time, the Venter group built their lean microbe from the ground up, synthesizing pieces of DNA that would later be added into a complete genome. Drew Endy, a synthetic biologist at Stanford University, is among several scientists applauding the made-from-scratch approach. “Only when you try to build something do you find out what’s truly required. Too often in biology we end up with only data or a just-so story. When you actually try to build something, you can’t hide from your ignorance.” 28. According to the passage, syn 3.0 __________. A. is seen as the basics of biology B. is produced from the M. mycoides C. is used to produce drugs and chemicals D. is the result of the first synthetic organism 29. According to Venter, all designs of the researchers failed because __________. A. they excluded many genes essential to the organism B. they overestimated the function of each gene involved C. there was something wrong with the computer program D. there were changes in the DNA code during the experiment 30. Why does Drew Endy support Venter’s approach? A. It offers insights into the true requirements for life. B. It provides a platform to discover new sets of genes. C. It highlights the limitations of gene-stripping approach. D. It enables researchers to overcome their own ignorance. D In 1776 Thomas Paine, an Englishman living in the American colonies, published a 47-page pamphlet called “Common Sense”. It argued that the colonies should seek independence from British rule and soon became a best-seller. Later that year they did exactly that. Appeals to common sense are widely used in politics, especially when a rebel wishes to distinguish himself from a supposedly out-of-touch elite. But in a paper published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Mark Whiting and Duncan Watts, a pair of computational social scientists at the University of Pennsylvania, note that the idea has seldom been carefully studied. The two researchers set out to fix that. They started by noting that the standard concept of common sense has a somewhat circular definition: common sense is a set of claims that sensible people agree with, and sensible people are those who possess common sense. To get around such philosophical confusion, the researchers turned to Mechanical Turk, a website run by Amazon, a big tech firm, that allows people to post odd jobs. They recruited 2,046 human participants and asked them to rate 50 statements from a corpus of 4,407 claims that might plausibly be seen as commonsensical. As common sense might have predicted, the researchers found that plainly worded claims concerning facts about the real world were the most likely to be rated as demonstrating common sense (“triangles have three sides”, for example, which is true by definition, or “avoid close contact with people who are ill”). The more abstract the claims, the less likely participants were to agree that they were common sense (“all human beings are created equal”; “perception is the only source of knowledge”). When they split the claims by subject, the researchers found that those concerning technology and science were the most likely to be rated as commonsensical, while matters of history and philosophy were the least likely. Moreover, a respondent’s age, sex, income and personal politics had little effect on what they thought counted as common sense, although psychological measures of social perceptiveness and the ability to reflect on one’s opinions did. Having investigated individual opinions, the researchers looked at how common sense works across big groups. Here, they found much less agreement than might have been expected. Only around 44% of claims in the corpus were rated as commonsensical by at least 75% of respondents. A stricter definition of common sense, in which everyone has to agree with a claim for it to count, cut that number to just 6.6%. Where exactly a sensible cut-off lies is a matter for debate. But truly “common” sense, it seems, is an elusive thing. 31. The author writes the first two paragraphs mainly to _________. A. introduce the history of common sense B. highlight the importance of common sense C. show the application of common sense in politics D. point out a need to examine common sense in detail 32. What can we learn from Whiting and Watts’ study? A. Abstract claims were more likely to be rated as common sense. B. Personal politics significantly influenced what counted as common sense. C. Claims related to science had a better chance to be seen as common sense. D. A majority of claims were agreed upon by all participants as common sense. 33. What does the underlined word “elusive” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A. Invisible. B. Impressive. C. Improbable. D. Indefinable. 34. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Common Sense Leads to Confusion B. Common Sense Affects Individual Opinions C. Common Sense Is Not Actually Very Common D. Common Sense Works Differently Across Groups 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。 In a social situation, eye contact can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also mean differently such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate with a challenging look. Here’s what hard science reveals about eye contact. We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. ____35____ It can catch someone’s attention in a crowded room. “Eye contact and smile” can signal availability and confidence. ____36____ Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin (催产素) increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms (自闭症谱系症状), who may tend to avoid eye contact. Eye contact can also be aggressive. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation. Eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations. ____37____ “Whether you’ re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you’ re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,” said Minson. Eye fixations are brief. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur about three times per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of shots. ____38____ And it is the subject of current research. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism (神经过敏症), eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. ____39____ People who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them. A. Their brain reactions also differ from other people. B. Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated. C. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery. D. For adults, looking at people pleasantly can be a friendly sign of attention. E. Specific brain regions that respond are being explored using advanced methods. F. Our findings indicate people do feel different when they are the centre of attention. G. It’s more likely to be related to dominance of threat in conflicting situations, though. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 In an era dominated by constant distractions and multitasking, genuine listening has become increasingly rare. Our attention is fragmented, pulled in a thousand different directions by the non-stop demands of work, relationships, and the global events. Amidst the noise and chaos, however, there remains hope. In quiet moments of reflection, and by being more mindful, we can reclaim (重新获得) the lost art of genuine listening. At the heart of active listening lies validation — a process that extends far beyond simply agreeing. Validation is about empathetically acknowledging someone’s emotions and experiences. By making the effort to understand what others are trying to communicate, we lay the groundwork for deeper connections and richer relationships. Paraphrasing is a cornerstone of active listening — an insightful act of reflecting back what someone has said in your own words. But it’s more than just repeating; it’s about capturing the essence of their message, including tone, emotions, and nonverbal cues. Paraphrasing acts as a bridge between hearing words and understanding intentions. It takes a certain level of focus and energy to create this space for others. Boundaries serve as guides in conversations, ensuring that dialogue remains respectful and productive. Setting boundaries involves recognizing when to step back, especially in emotionally charged discussions. Many of us feel pressure to always be available, even when we’re not in the right headspace or are at capacity. We push ourselves to proceed with conversations out of a desire to please or fear of disappointing others. However, this behavior not only disrespects our own well-being but also undermines the quality of the conversation. Being mindful of when we are at capacity and recognizing when we need to reschedule conversations for a time when we can show up fully present and attentive is respectful not only to yourself but also to others. 40. What factors contribute to the decline of genuine listening? ___________________________________________________________________ 41. Why is it harmful to engage in conversations when at capacity? ___________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Genuine listening can be reclaimed through acknowledging one’s emotions and experiences, repeating what someone has said and recognizing when to step back. ___________________________________________________________________ 43. What benefit(s) does genuine listening bring to people? ___________________________________________________________________ 第二节(20分) 44. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信表示对中国文学很感兴趣，希望你给他推荐一部相关作品。请你用英文回信，内容如下： 1.作品简介； 2.推荐理由。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Peter, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 2023-2024学年北大附中高二年级练习 英 语 考生须知 1. 本试卷共9页，共三个部分，44道小题。满分100分。考试时间90分钟。 2. 在试卷和答题纸上准确填写书院名称、班级名称、姓名。 3. 答案一律填涂或书写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。 4. 在答题纸上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其余题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 5. 考试结束，请将答题纸交回。试卷自己留存。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，共30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 【1~10题答案】 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. B 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 【11~13题答案】 【答案】11. on 12. performances 13. have been sold B 【14~17题答案】 【答案】14. that##which 15. enhances 16. to make 17. yourself C 【18~20题答案】 【答案】18. will become 19. Working 20. how 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，共38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A 【21~23题答案】 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D B 【24~27题答案】 【答案】24. A 25. B 26. D 27. B C 【28~30题答案】 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. A D 【31~34题答案】 【答案】31. D 32. C 33. D 34. C 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。 【35~39题答案】 【答案】35. D 36. B 37. G 38. C 39. A 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 【40~43题答案】 【答案】40. Factors include constant distractions and multitasking./ Factors include non-stop demands of work, relationships, and the global events./ Factors include constant distractions, multitasking and non-stop demands of work, relationships, and the global events. 41. Because it disrespects one’s own well-being and undermines the quality of the conversation. 42. Genuine listening can be reclaimed through acknowledging one’s emotions and experiences, repeating what someone has said and recognizing when to step back. According to the passage, paraphrasing/ reflecting back what someone has said helps with genuine listening. or According to the passage, capturing the essence of one’s message helps with genuine listening. 43. Genuine listening is essential for resolving conflicts and builds stronger connections between individuals. When people feel heard and understood, they are more likely to feel valued and respected in the relationship. This fosters trust, empathy, and mutual respect, ultimately strengthening the bond between the parties involved. 第二节(20分) 【44题答案】 【答案】Dear Peter, Knowing that you are interested in Chinese literature, I’m more than delighted to recommend The Space-Time Painter. The novelette is an award-winning sci-fi of Hai Ya, a Chinese winner of the Hugo Award, following Liu Cixin and Hao Jingfang. It describes the life experience of a painter during the Song Dynasty, who created our famous landscape masterpiece Qianli Jiangshan Tu. Hai Ya has woven the main character’s life into a thriller that combines the elements of traditional Chinese culture and history with sci-fi and detective genres. About my recommendation reasons, first, the writer is so skilled at building suspense that most readers seldom put the book down until the end. Besides, the writer is inspiring. I never ever thought a 24-year-old financial worker could step into the literature world, receiving the most prestigious awards of science fictions. I really hope the above is helpful. Look forward to hearing more. Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $