专题01 定语从句（期末复习讲义）高一英语下学期北师大版

专题01 定语从句（二）&（三）（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握关系副词where/when/why引导的定语从句的基本用法与辨析。 2. 掌握“介词+关系代词（which/whom）”结构的构成、介词选择及用法。 3. 掌握非限制性定语从句的结构特点与引导词选用，区分that与which/whom。 4. 掌握as引导非限制性定语从句的特殊用法及其与which的区别。 5. 能在写作中灵活运用定语从句升级句式，提升表达连贯性与高级感。 复习难点： 1. 关系代词与关系副词的正确区分与选用。 2. “介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择依据（动词短语、先行词习惯搭配、语义逻辑）。 3. 非限制性定语从句的识别与写作中运用。 4. as与which引导非限制性定语从句时，从句位置与语义的差异。 考情规律 语法填空：近年高考全国卷每年必考定语从句1—2题，方向包括关系代词（which/that/who）的基本用法、“介词+关系代词”结构、关系副词（where/when）的选用。 写作应用：非限制性定语从句是高分写作句型的重要构成，用于补充说明信息、衔接句子逻辑。 知识点1 定语从句概述（回顾） 1. 定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的句子，相当于形容词的作用。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词（关系代词/关系副词）。 2. 两大分类： 类型 特点 与主句关系 限制性定语从句 关系词有时可省略；不用逗号与主句隔开 删去后主句意义不完整，起限定作用 非限制性定语从句 关系词不可省略；必须用逗号与主句隔开；不能用that引导 删去后主句意义仍然完整，起补充说明作用 高考点睛：非限制性定语从句在语法填空与写作中都是高频考点，2025年全国I卷（which）、2024新课标II卷（who）、2022全国甲卷（where）均有考查，考点强度仅次于关系代词基础。 知识点2 关系副词引导的定语从句 （1） 核心关系副词：where / when / why 关系副词 指代对象 在从句中成分 核心含义 可替换结构 where 地点名词 地点状语 “在……的地方” in/at/on/under ＋ which when 时间名词 时间状语 “在……的时候” in/at/on/during ＋ which why 原因名词（通常为reason） 原因状语 “为什么……” for ＋ which ⚠️ 考点突破：近年高考阅读和完形中，先行词为抽象地点的名词（如situation、case、point、stage、activity）也可用where引导定语从句，这是高频难点。 （二）三个高频易错点 区分关系代词与关系副词 做题口诀：先行词回代入从句，缺主语/宾语用关系代词，缺状语用关系副词。 比较例句 解析 I’ll never forget the day when we met. the day在从句中作时间状语（We met on the day），缺状语 → when I’ll never forget the day that/which we spent together. the day在从句中作宾语（We spent the day），缺宾语 → that/which 核心规律：先行词相同但从句结构不同，所需关系词不同。 抽象地点where的拓展用法 下列抽象名词作先行词时，若从句中缺少地点状语，亦用where： • situation（情况/处境）— We have reached a situation where we must take action. • case（情况/案例）— It is a case where we need to be careful. • point（程度/地步）— It got to the point where I couldn’t stand it anymore. • activity（活动）— Online learning is an activity where students study independently. • stage（阶段）— He has reached a stage where he can speak fluently. 限制性与非限制性定语从句 对比项 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 标点 不用逗号 必须用逗号隔开 引导词 that/which/who/whom/when/where 不可用that引导 先行词 可为名词/代词 可为名词/代词/整个主句 语义 删除后主句意义不完整（限定作用） 删除后主句意义完整（补充说明作用） 写作点睛：非限制性定语从句是提高写作分数的利器。如：The program, which aims to help the disabled, has been a great success. 补充的信息使句子更丰富自然，属于高考评分标准中的“使用了较复杂结构”。 知识点3 关系代词的特殊形式：“介词＋关系代词” （一）基本结构 :介词 ＋ which（指物）/ whom（指人） ⚠️ 重点规则：介词后不能用that，且关系代词不可省略。 （二）介词选择的三个依据 依据1：与从句中动词的固定搭配 • This is the book about which we talked yesterday. （talk about → about which） • The person to whom I wrote is my pen pal. （write to → to whom） 依据2：与先行词的固定搭配 • the room in which he lives （live in the room → in which） • the speed at which the car runs （at the speed → at which） 依据3：根据句意逻辑（表时间、地点、原因、方式、所属关系） • I will never forget the day on which I joined the army. • He built a telescope through which he could study the stars. • His brothers, both of whom work as teachers, live abroad. （所属关系） （三）两个必背固定句式 固定句式 例句 数词/代词＋of ＋ which/whom I have three books, two of which are novels. 介词＋whose ＋ 名词 The house, on whose door hangs a sign, is new. 知识点4 as引导的非限制性定语从句（拔高考点） as可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，常用搭配包括： • as is known to all （正如众所周知） • as is often the case （情况常常如此） • as has been said before （正如之前所说） • as we all know （正如我们所知） • as is reported （正如报道所说） as与which的核心区别： 对比项 as which 位置 可位于主句前、中、后 只能位于主句之后 含义 “正如……” “这件事……” 语境 语义与主句一致 语义可一致也可不一致 例句 As is often the case, he was late again. He was late again, which made the teacher angry. 解题技巧：非限制性定语从句放在句首，引导词一定是as。（因此as亦称为“万能引路词”） 一句话归纳：as引导的从句可放在主句前、中或后，侧重“正如……”；which引导的从句只能放在主句后，侧重“这/那……”；两个引导词都在从句中作主语或宾语。 知识点5 定语从句万能解题步骤（必背口诀） 第一步：找先行词，弄清先行词是人还是物。 第二步：分析从句的成分，判断先行词在从句中充当什么句子成分。 • 缺主语 → 用 who/which/that • 缺宾语 → 用 who/whom/which/that（可省略） • 缺定语 → 用 whose（of which/of whom） • 缺地点状语 → 用 where • 缺时间状语 → 用 when • 缺原因状语 → 用 why 第三步：检查是否为非限制性定语从句，根据标点和上下文判断。 • 非限制性定语从句：逗号 + 从句，不能用that，不能用why（why仅用于限制性） 第四步：验证选项，代入句意是否通顺。 基础通关练（测试时间：12分钟） 1. (24-25高一下·广东梅州·期末) In 2015, the Nobel Prize for Medicine was awarded to Tu Youyou, ______ research led to the discovery of artemisinin. A. her  B. who  C. whom  D. whose 2. The book ______ you lent me yesterday is very interesting. A. who  B. whom  C. whose  D. that 3. The girl ______ is standing there is my sister. A. which  B. who  C. when  D. where 4. This is the house ______ I was born. A. which  B. in which  C. that  D. who 5. I will never forget the day ______ we first met. A. which  B. when  C. that  D. who 6. The man ______ car is blue is my uncle. A. whose  B. who  C. which  D. whom 7. (24-25高一下·广东广雅·期末) The reason ______ he explained for his absence was not convincing. A. why  B. which  C. where  D. when 8. There is a resource centre in our school, ______ students can access various educational materials. A. whose  B. which  C. where  D. when 9. He was rather nervous in the presence of so many people, ______ was understandable. A. that  B. which  C. who  D. where 10. We went to the museum last Sunday, ______ we saw many valuable cultural relics. A. where  B. which  C. when  D. why 11. He talked about the people and the things ______ he had seen in Africa. A. which  B. that  C. who  D. what 12. Do you know the girl ______ is playing the piano in the hall? A. which  B. whom  C. who  D. whose 13. I’ll never forget the day ______ we spent together in Beijing. A. when  B. where  C. which  D. why 14. This is the hotel ______ I stayed during my holiday. A. where  B. which  C. that  D. whose 15. The boy ______ I talked to just now is from the UK. A. who  B. whom  C. which  D. where 重难突破练（测试时间：12分钟） 单句语法填空 1. 【2025全国Ⅱ卷·改编】 I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China, ______ bamboo and tea bushes grow wild in the mountains. 2. 【2025新高考Ⅰ卷·改编】 On September 4, 2024, the Friendship Exhibition of Go Culture kicked off at the Shanghai’s Jiushi Art Museum, ______ featured more than 40 high-end works of art with Go as the theme. 3. 【2024新课标Ⅱ卷·改编】 Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an international character to Shakespeare’s hometown. 4. 【2024全国甲卷·改编】 The small coastal village ______ the famous painter spent his childhood has now become a popular tourist destination. 5. 【2022全国甲卷·改编】 The park, ______ she once worked as a tour guide, attracts thousands of visitors every year. 6. 【2021全国甲卷·改编】 The scientist ______ team discovered the new treatment was awarded the Nobel Prize. 7. 【2023新高考Ⅰ卷·改编】 The reason ______ he failed the driving test was that he didn't practice enough. 8. 【2020全国Ⅲ卷·改编】 This is the very book ______ I have been looking for in the library. 9. 【2019全国Ⅲ卷·改编】 We are living in an age ______ the use of AI is changing our lives in every aspect. 10. 【2020全国Ⅰ卷·改编】 China is widely recognized as a country ______ achievements in poverty alleviation are admired worldwide. 综合拓展练（测试时间：20分钟） Part A 句子合并（定语从句升级句式） 要求：将下列各组简单句用定语从句合并为一个复合句。 1. The school has a modern library. Students can access various digital resources in the library. 2. Tom is one of my best friends. His father is a famous scientist. 3. I will never forget the day. I met my best friend on that day. 4. The movie was very touching. We watched it last night. 5. The reason was unclear. He was absent for that reason. Part B 用定语从句完成句子 要求：根据括号中的中文提示，用定语从句完成下列句子。 1. The person ______________________________（我写信求助的人）was a stranger online. 2. This is the app ______________________________（没有它我就无法学习英语）. 3. The team ______________________________（他们的努力改变了世界）is worth our respect. 4. I still remember the time ______________________________（当我第一次在学校演讲时）. 5. The new technology, ______________________________（正如报纸所报道的）, will revolutionize the way we communicate. Part C 高考写作中的定语从句应用 1. 应用文写作升级：假设你要报名参加英语演讲比赛，请将下列自我介绍中的简单句改为定语从句，使 表达更高级。 原句：Li Hua is my name. I am a 17-year-old boy. 升级版：_________________________________________________ 2. 应用文写作升级：向外国朋友介绍你的家乡，将下列句子改为非限制性定语从句。 原句：My hometown is a small city. It is located on the coast. 升级版：_________________________________________________ 3. 读后续写情感描写：在故事关键时刻，请用定语从句续写人物感受。 提示：那一刻，他内心的恐惧消失了。这种恐惧曾困扰了他很多年。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. 读后续写动作描写：读后续写中，人物描写需要具体生动。请用定语从句补充下句。 提示：他转向站在门口的那个陌生人，那人一直在静静地观察着一切。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. 概要写作中的应用：概要写作需要高度概括原文信息。请将下列两个关键信息点合并为一句话，使用定语从句。 原文信息点：① Harry Potter is a famous wizard. ② He defeated the dark lord. _________________________________________________________________________________________ 附加写作进阶任务（供选做） 任务要求：请使用定语从句完善下列语段，使其连贯、有文采。 语段背景：去年暑假，我去海边度假，度过了一段难忘时光。我想借此呼吁大家保护海洋环境。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 定语从句（二）&（三）（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握关系副词where/when/why引导的定语从句的基本用法与辨析。 2. 掌握“介词+关系代词（which/whom）”结构的构成、介词选择及用法。 3. 掌握非限制性定语从句的结构特点与引导词选用，区分that与which/whom。 4. 掌握as引导非限制性定语从句的特殊用法及其与which的区别。 5. 能在写作中灵活运用定语从句升级句式，提升表达连贯性与高级感。 复习难点： 1. 关系代词与关系副词的正确区分与选用。 2. “介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择依据（动词短语、先行词习惯搭配、语义逻辑）。 3. 非限制性定语从句的识别与写作中运用。 4. as与which引导非限制性定语从句时，从句位置与语义的差异。 考情规律 语法填空：近年高考全国卷每年必考定语从句1—2题，方向包括关系代词（which/that/who）的基本用法、“介词+关系代词”结构、关系副词（where/when）的选用。 写作应用：非限制性定语从句是高分写作句型的重要构成，用于补充说明信息、衔接句子逻辑。 知识点1 定语从句概述（回顾） 1. 定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的句子，相当于形容词的作用。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词（关系代词/关系副词）。 2. 两大分类： 类型 特点 与主句关系 限制性定语从句 关系词有时可省略；不用逗号与主句隔开 删去后主句意义不完整，起限定作用 非限制性定语从句 关系词不可省略；必须用逗号与主句隔开；不能用that引导 删去后主句意义仍然完整，起补充说明作用 高考点睛：非限制性定语从句在语法填空与写作中都是高频考点，2025年全国I卷（which）、2024新课标II卷（who）、2022全国甲卷（where）均有考查，考点强度仅次于关系代词基础。 知识点2 关系副词引导的定语从句 （1） 核心关系副词：where / when / why 关系副词 指代对象 在从句中成分 核心含义 可替换结构 where 地点名词 地点状语 “在……的地方” in/at/on/under ＋ which when 时间名词 时间状语 “在……的时候” in/at/on/during ＋ which why 原因名词（通常为reason） 原因状语 “为什么……” for ＋ which ⚠️ 考点突破：近年高考阅读和完形中，先行词为抽象地点的名词（如situation、case、point、stage、activity）也可用where引导定语从句，这是高频难点。 （二）三个高频易错点 区分关系代词与关系副词 做题口诀：先行词回代入从句，缺主语/宾语用关系代词，缺状语用关系副词。 比较例句 解析 I’ll never forget the day when we met. the day在从句中作时间状语（We met on the day），缺状语 → when I’ll never forget the day that/which we spent together. the day在从句中作宾语（We spent the day），缺宾语 → that/which 核心规律：先行词相同但从句结构不同，所需关系词不同。 抽象地点where的拓展用法 下列抽象名词作先行词时，若从句中缺少地点状语，亦用where： • situation（情况/处境）— We have reached a situation where we must take action. • case（情况/案例）— It is a case where we need to be careful. • point（程度/地步）— It got to the point where I couldn’t stand it anymore. • activity（活动）— Online learning is an activity where students study independently. • stage（阶段）— He has reached a stage where he can speak fluently. 限制性与非限制性定语从句 对比项 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 标点 不用逗号 必须用逗号隔开 引导词 that/which/who/whom/when/where 不可用that引导 先行词 可为名词/代词 可为名词/代词/整个主句 语义 删除后主句意义不完整（限定作用） 删除后主句意义完整（补充说明作用） 写作点睛：非限制性定语从句是提高写作分数的利器。如：The program, which aims to help the disabled, has been a great success. 补充的信息使句子更丰富自然，属于高考评分标准中的“使用了较复杂结构”。 知识点3 关系代词的特殊形式：“介词＋关系代词” （一）基本结构 :介词 ＋ which（指物）/ whom（指人） ⚠️ 重点规则：介词后不能用that，且关系代词不可省略。 （二）介词选择的三个依据 依据1：与从句中动词的固定搭配 • This is the book about which we talked yesterday. （talk about → about which） • The person to whom I wrote is my pen pal. （write to → to whom） 依据2：与先行词的固定搭配 • the room in which he lives （live in the room → in which） • the speed at which the car runs （at the speed → at which） 依据3：根据句意逻辑（表时间、地点、原因、方式、所属关系） • I will never forget the day on which I joined the army. • He built a telescope through which he could study the stars. • His brothers, both of whom work as teachers, live abroad. （所属关系） （三）两个必背固定句式 固定句式 例句 数词/代词＋of ＋ which/whom I have three books, two of which are novels. 介词＋whose ＋ 名词 The house, on whose door hangs a sign, is new. 知识点4 as引导的非限制性定语从句（拔高考点） as可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，常用搭配包括： • as is known to all （正如众所周知） • as is often the case （情况常常如此） • as has been said before （正如之前所说） • as we all know （正如我们所知） • as is reported （正如报道所说） as与which的核心区别： 对比项 as which 位置 可位于主句前、中、后 只能位于主句之后 含义 “正如……” “这件事……” 语境 语义与主句一致 语义可一致也可不一致 例句 As is often the case, he was late again. He was late again, which made the teacher angry. 解题技巧：非限制性定语从句放在句首，引导词一定是as。（因此as亦称为“万能引路词”） 一句话归纳：as引导的从句可放在主句前、中或后，侧重“正如……”；which引导的从句只能放在主句后，侧重“这/那……”；两个引导词都在从句中作主语或宾语。 知识点5 定语从句万能解题步骤（必背口诀） 第一步：找先行词，弄清先行词是人还是物。 第二步：分析从句的成分，判断先行词在从句中充当什么句子成分。 • 缺主语 → 用 who/which/that • 缺宾语 → 用 who/whom/which/that（可省略） • 缺定语 → 用 whose（of which/of whom） • 缺地点状语 → 用 where • 缺时间状语 → 用 when • 缺原因状语 → 用 why 第三步：检查是否为非限制性定语从句，根据标点和上下文判断。 • 非限制性定语从句：逗号 + 从句，不能用that，不能用why（why仅用于限制性） 第四步：验证选项，代入句意是否通顺。 基础通关练（测试时间：12分钟） 1. (24-25高一下·广东梅州·期末) In 2015, the Nobel Prize for Medicine was awarded to Tu Youyou, ______ research led to the discovery of artemisinin. A. her  B. who  C. whom  D. whose 答案：D 解析：本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Tu Youyou（人），关系词在从句中作定语修饰名词research 表示“屠呦呦的研究”，需用关系代词whose引导。非限制性定语从句中不能用that引导。 2. The book ______ you lent me yesterday is very interesting. A. who  B. whom  C. whose  D. that 答案：D 解析：先行词book指物，在从句中作lent的宾语，关系代词可用which或that。选项中that为正确选择。 who和whom指人，whose表所属关系，均不符合。 3. The girl ______ is standing there is my sister. A. which  B. who  C. when  D. where 答案：B 解析：先行词girl指人，在从句中作主语，应用who引导。which指物，when指时间，where指地点，均 不适用。 4. This is the house ______ I was born. A. which  B. in which  C. that  D. who 答案：B 解析：先行词house指物，从句中born缺少地点状语（I was born in the house），需用in which或where引 导。which/that在从句中只能作主语或宾语，不能作状语。who指人，不符合。 5. I will never forget the day ______ we first met. A. which  B. when  C. that  D. who 答案：B 解析：先行词day表时间，在从句中作时间状语（we first met on the day），需用关系副词when引导。 which/that在从句中作主语或宾语，不适用。 6. The man ______ car is blue is my uncle. A. whose  B. who  C. which  D. whom 答案：A 解析：先行词man与car之间为所属关系，需用whose作定语修饰car。who在从句中作主语或宾语， which指物，whom作宾语，均不能表所属关系。 7. (24-25高一下·广东广雅·期末) The reason ______ he explained for his absence was not convincing. A. why  B. which  C. where  D. when 答案：B 解析：先行词reason在从句explained中作宾语（explain the reason），需用关系代词which/that。关系副词 why在从句中作原因状语，此处从句缺宾语而非状语，故不用why。解题技巧：当定语从句缺主语或宾语 时，即便先行词为reason，也需用that/which，不能用why。 8. There is a resource centre in our school, ______ students can access various educational materials. A. whose  B. which  C. where  D. when 答案：C 解析：考查where引导非限制性定语从句。先行词a resource centre为地点名词，从句中缺地点状语 （access...in the resource centre），需用where引导。which指物且不能在从句中作状语。 9. He was rather nervous in the presence of so many people, ______ was understandable. A. that  B. which  C. who  D. where 答案：B 解析：考查which引导非限制性定语从句。which指代整个主句内容（他紧张的这件事），在从句中作主 语。注意：非限制性定语从句中不能用that引导，这是高频考点。 10. We went to the museum last Sunday, ______ we saw many valuable cultural relics. A. where  B. which  C. when  D. why 答案：A 解析：先行词museum为地点名词，在从句中作地点状语（saw...in the museum），需用where引导。When 在从句中作时间状语，which作主语或宾语，均不符合。 11. He talked about the people and the things ______ he had seen in Africa. A. which  B. that  C. who  D. what 答案：B 解析：万能考点：先行词既有人又有物时，定语从句只能用that引导。what不能引导定语从句。 12. Do you know the girl ______ is playing the piano in the hall? A. which  B. whom  C. who  D. whose 答案：C 解析：先行词the girl指人，在从句中作主语（girl is playing...），需用who引导。whom只作宾语，whose 表所属关系，which指物。 13. I’ll never forget the day ______ we spent together in Beijing. A. when  B. where  C. which  D. why 答案：C 解析：先行词the day在从句中作spent的宾语（spent the day），虽为时间名词，但从句缺宾语而非状语， 因此需用关系代词which/that，而非关系副词when。解题技巧：分析从句是否缺主语/宾语是判断用关系代 词还是关系副词的关键。 14. This is the hotel ______ I stayed during my holiday. A. where  B. which  C. that  D. whose 答案：A 解析：先行词the hotel表示地点，在从句中作地点状语（I stayed in the hotel），需用where引导。 which/that在从句中不能作状语。 15. The boy ______ I talked to just now is from the UK. A. who  B. whom  C. which  D. where 答案：B 解析：先行词the boy指人，在从句中作talked to的宾语，需用whom。口语中也可用who或省略，但本题 从句中有介词to，正式语法要求使用whom作宾语。which指物，where表地点。 重难突破练（测试时间：12分钟） 单句语法填空 1. 【2025全国Ⅱ卷·改编】 I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China, ______ bamboo and tea bushes grow wild in the mountains. 答案： where 解析： 考查关系副词where。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang（地点名词）。从句中主谓宾结构完整，缺少地点状语（grow wild in the countryside），故用关系副词where，相当于“in which”。 2. 【2025新高考Ⅰ卷·改编】 On September 4, 2024, the Friendship Exhibition of Go Culture kicked off at the Shanghai’s Jiushi Art Museum, ______ featured more than 40 high-end works of art with Go as the theme. 答案： which 解析： 考查关系代词which。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Friendship Exhibition of Go Culture（事物）。从句中缺少主语（exhibition featured...），故用关系代词which。注意： 非限制性定语从句中不能用that引导，这是高考高频考点。 3. 【2024新课标Ⅱ卷·改编】 Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an international character to Shakespeare’s hometown. 答案： who 解析： 考查关系代词who。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tang Xianzu（人）。从句中缺少主语（Tang Xianzu is known as...），故用关系代词who。非限制性定语从句中，指人且作主语时只能用who。 4. 【2024全国甲卷·改编】 The small coastal village ______ the famous painter spent his childhood has now become a popular tourist destination. 答案： where 解析： 考查关系副词where。先行词the small coastal village为地点名词，从句中主谓宾结构完整，缺少地点状语（spent his childhood in the village），故用关系副词where。解题技巧： 分析从句是否缺主语/宾语——缺则用关系代词，缺状语则用关系副词。 5. 【2022全国甲卷·改编】 The park, ______ she once worked as a tour guide, attracts thousands of visitors every year. 答案： where 解析： 考查关系副词where。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the park（地点），从句中主谓宾结构完整，缺少地点状语（worked as a tour guide in the park），故用where。 6. 【2021全国甲卷·改编】 The scientist ______ team discovered the new treatment was awarded the Nobel Prize. 答案： whose 解析： 考查关系代词whose。先行词scientist与team之间为所属关系（“这位科学家的团队”），故用whose作定语修饰team。whose既可指人也可指物，是高考定语从句的高频引导词。 7. 【2023新高考Ⅰ卷·改编】 The reason ______ he failed the driving test was that he didn't practice enough. 答案： why 解析： 考查关系副词why。先行词reason表原因，从句中缺少原因状语（failed for the reason），故用why引导限制性定语从句。注意： why引导的定语从句先行词必须是reason，且从句缺原因状语。 8. 【2020全国Ⅲ卷·改编】 This is the very book ______ I have been looking for in the library. 答案： that 解析： 考查关系代词that。先行词book在从句中作looking for的宾语，本可用which或that，但先行词被the very修饰时，关系代词只能用that。注意： 当先行词被the only、the very、all等修饰时，或先行词本身为不定代词时，定语从句关系代词只能用that。 9. 【2019全国Ⅲ卷·改编】 We are living in an age ______ the use of AI is changing our lives in every aspect. 答案： when 解析： 考查关系副词when。先行词age表示时间（时代），从句中主谓宾结构完整，缺少时间状语（changing in the age），故用when。when引导定语从句指代“在……的时候”。 10. 【2020全国Ⅰ卷·改编】 China is widely recognized as a country ______ achievements in poverty alleviation are admired worldwide. 答案： whose 解析： 考查关系代词whose。先行词country与achievements之间为所属关系（“这个国家的成就”），故用whose作定语。易错提示： 当先行词与从句中的某一名词构成所属关系时，无论先行词是人还是物，均用whose引导。 综合拓展练（测试时间：20分钟） Part A 句子合并（定语从句升级句式） 要求：将下列各组简单句用定语从句合并为一个复合句。 1. The school has a modern library. Students can access various digital resources in the library. 答案： The school has a modern library, where students can access various digital resources. 或： The school has a modern library, in which students can access various digital resources. 2. Tom is one of my best friends. His father is a famous scientist. 答案： Tom, whose father is a famous scientist, is one of my best friends. 3. I will never forget the day. I met my best friend on that day. 答案： I will never forget the day when I met my best friend. 4. The movie was very touching. We watched it last night. 答案： The movie which/that we watched last night was very touching. 5. The reason was unclear. He was absent for that reason. 答案： The reason why he was absent was unclear. Part B 用定语从句完成句子 要求：根据括号中的中文提示，用定语从句完成下列句子。 1. The person ______________________________（我写信求助的人）was a stranger online. 答案： (whom/who/that) I turned to for help 2. This is the app ______________________________（没有它我就无法学习英语）. 答案： without which I cannot learn English 3. The team ______________________________（他们的努力改变了世界）is worth our respect. 答案： whose efforts have changed the world 4. I still remember the time ______________________________（当我第一次在学校演讲时）. 答案： when I first gave a speech at school 5. The new technology, ______________________________（正如报纸所报道的）, will revolutionize the way we communicate. 答案： as is reported in the newspaper Part C 高考写作中的定语从句应用 1. 应用文写作升级：假设你要报名参加英语演讲比赛，请将下列自我介绍中的简单句改为定语从句，使 表达更高级。 原句：Li Hua is my name. I am a 17-year-old boy. 升级版：_________________________________________________ 答案： I am Li Hua, who is a 17-year-old boy. 2. 应用文写作升级：向外国朋友介绍你的家乡，将下列句子改为非限制性定语从句。 原句：My hometown is a small city. It is located on the coast. 升级版：_________________________________________________ 答案： My hometown is a small city, which is located on the coast. 3. 读后续写情感描写：在故事关键时刻，请用定语从句续写人物感受。 提示：那一刻，他内心的恐惧消失了。这种恐惧曾困扰了他很多年。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 答案： At that moment, the fear that had been bothering him for years finally disappeared. 4. 读后续写动作描写：读后续写中，人物描写需要具体生动。请用定语从句补充下句。 提示：他转向站在门口的那个陌生人，那人一直在静静地观察着一切。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 答案： He turned to the stranger who was standing at the door, who had been observing everything in silence. 5. 概要写作中的应用：概要写作需要高度概括原文信息。请将下列两个关键信息点合并为一句话，使用定语从句。 原文信息点：① Harry Potter is a famous wizard. ② He defeated the dark lord. 答案： Harry Potter is a famous wizard who defeated the dark lord. 附加写作进阶任务（供选做） 任务要求：请使用定语从句完善下列语段，使其连贯、有文采。 语段背景：去年暑假，我去海边度假，度过了一段难忘时光。我想借此呼吁大家保护海洋环境。 Last summer, I went to the seaside, where I spent an unforgettable vacation. The sea there is a fascinating place, where colorful fish swim freely among the corals. During my stay, I met a local fisherman, whose family has lived by the sea for generations. He told me that we should protect the ocean, which is the source of life for all creatures on earth. The experience has totally changed my view on environmental protection, which I will never forget as long as I live. 写作点睛：本语段综合运用了where、whose、which等多种定语从句结构，体现了从句在记叙文中的表达 优势——可以在有限篇幅内传递丰富信息、使语篇连贯紧凑。建议学生在平时的英语日记、周记练习中有 意识地模仿运用此范式。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $