精品解析：北京市育才学校2025-2026学年度第二学期5月仿真模拟预测英语试题

北京市育才学校 2025～2026 学年度第二学期 5 月仿真试题 高三英语 2026.5 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30 分） 第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I was in Chicago for a job training when I knew a nearby theatre was releasing a film about saving dogs. However, none of my co-workers could ____1____ time for me. I got cold feet for anxiety about exploring the streets by myself at night alone. But in my hotel room I felt ____2____ and bored. The theatre was only about five blocks away from the hotel. How could I get lost? Hence, I decided to ____3____ it. I gathered my room key and set off. I managed to find the street of the theatre but stopped in shock. The street was full of bikers — lots of very big, ____4____ bikers. Now I was a woman all alone at night. Warning bells began to sound and my heart ____5____ into my throat. Was I at the right theatre? Had I misread the date of the event? I finally decided that I would be safer inside the theatre. I hurried into the theatre. As I sat there, heart racing, ___6___ the film, I muttered a prayer (祷文) to ____7____ my anxieties. The film ____8____ shortly afterwards. From start to finish, the story was incredibly touching; there were even moments when I couldn’t hold back my tears. When the credits rolled and the film came to an end, I understood the presence of the bikers after a conversation with the man sitting beside me. Being part of an animal rescue group, they had escorted (护送) dogs from New Jersey to Chicago. At that moment, I was struck by the bond that had drawn so many originally ____9____ folks to the same spot. I stayed till the very end and made it to my hotel without any incident, overjoyed that I broke out of the ____10____ I used to set for myself and ventured into the unknown. To my amazement, the reward was one of the best nights of my life. 1. A. occupy B. squeeze C. search D. appoint 2. A. graceless B. careless C. restless D. tireless 3. A. brave B. desert C. forget D. attend 4. A. well-behaved B. hard-working C. casually-dressed D. tough-looking 5. A. beat B. sank C. stopped D. jumped 6. A. accomplishing B. watching C. anticipating D. recalling 7. A. contain B. comfort C. strengthen D. tighten 8. A. picked up B. kicked off C. brought about D. took away 9. A. natural B. cooperative C. distinct D. similar 10. A. definition B. imagination C. circulation D. boundary 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者独自一人晚上去芝加哥一家剧院看电影的经历，原本因为担心安全而感到焦虑，但最终在影片的感染下放松下来，并深刻感受到了人与动物之间的纽带。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我的同事们都没有时间陪我。A. occupy占据；B. squeeze挤压；C. search搜索；D. appoint任命。根据后文“I got cold feet for anxiety about exploring the streets by myself at night alone.”可知，作者因焦虑而不敢独自在晚上探索街道，说明同事没时间陪作者。squeeze time 表示“挤出时间”，符合语境。故选B项。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在我的酒店房间里，我感到焦躁不安和无聊。A. graceless不优雅的；B. careless粗心的；C. restless焦躁不安的；D. tireless不知疲倦的。根据后文“and bored”以及作者决定独自去看电影可知，作者在酒店房间里感到焦躁不安和无聊。故选C项。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，我决定鼓起勇气去看电影。A. brave勇敢面对；B. desert抛弃；C. forget忘记；D. attend参加。根据前文作者担心独自夜间出行，又因无聊决定出门的心理变化，以及后文“gathered my room key and set off”可知，此处指作者决定勇敢去剧院，“brave it”表示“勇敢面对”。故选A项。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：街上到处都是骑自行车的人——很多非常高大、看起来很凶悍的骑自行车的人。A. well-behaved行为端正的；B. hard-working勤奋的；C. casually-dressed穿着随意的；D. tough-looking看起来凶悍的。根据后文“Warning bells began to sound and my heart __5__ into my throat.”可知，作者感到害怕，说明这些骑自行车的人看起来很凶悍。故选D项。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：警钟开始敲响，我的心提到了嗓子眼。A. beat跳动；B. sank下沉；C. stopped停止；D. jumped跳。前文“Warning bells began to sound”以及后文“into my throat”可知，作者感到害怕，心跳到了嗓子眼，“jump into one's throat”是固定表达，意为“心提到嗓子眼”，体现作者的恐惧。故选D项。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我坐在那里，心跳加速，期待着电影开场，低声祈祷以平复内心的焦虑。A. accomplishing完成；B. watching观看；C. anticipating期待；D. recalling回忆。根据前文作者匆忙进入剧院的举动，以及后文“the film __8__ shortly afterwards”可知，此时电影还未开始，作者是在期待电影开场。故选C项。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我坐在那里，心跳加速，期待着电影开场，低声祈祷以抑制内心的焦虑。A. contain克制、抑制；B. comfort安慰；C. strengthen加强；D. tighten拉紧。根据前文“I muttered a prayer (祷文) to”和后文“my anxieties”可知，作者通过祈祷来抑制自己的焦虑。“contain anxieties”表示“抑制焦虑”。故选A项。 【8题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：电影不久后就开始了。A. picked up捡起；B. kicked off开始；C. brought about带来；D. took away带走。根据后文“From start to finish, the story was incredibly touching”可知，电影从开始到结束都非常感人，说明电影不久后就开始了，kick off表示“开始”，符合语境。故选B项。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那一刻，我被一种力量所打动，这种力量把这么多原本截然不同的人吸引到了同一个地方。A. natural自然的；B. cooperative合作的；C. distinct截然不同的；D. similar相似的。根据前文“the bond that had drawn so many originally”以及后文“folks to the same spot”可知，这种力量把很多原本截然不同的人吸引到了同一个地方，distinct folks表示“截然不同的人”，符合语境。故选C项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直待到最后，毫无意外地回到了酒店，我欣喜若狂，因为我突破了自己设定的界限，冒险进入了未知的领域。A. definition定义；B. imagination想象；C. circulation循环；D. boundary界限。根据后文“I used to set for myself and ventured into the unknown”可知，作者突破了自己设定的界限，冒险进入了未知的领域，boundary表示“界限”，符合语境。故选D项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Yang Hao, a 32-year-old doctoral student, completed a 134-day solo journey across China without any digital device. Merely ____11____ (equip) with printed maps and using only cash, he visited 68 locations with cameras, proving that deep concentration is possible without constant connectivity. Upon returning home, Yang surprisingly realized that all unread messages had vanished after 72 hours — a discovery that left him with fleeting regret but no true sense of ____12____ (lose). Now preparing a book and a documentary about his experience, he aims to share ____13____ he has learned about seeing the world differently. 【答案】11. equipped 12. loss 13. what 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了32岁博士生杨浩不带数码设备，凭纸质地图和现金历时134天游历多地的经历。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：仅凭纸质地图和现金，他用相机走访了68个地点，证明了即使没有持续的网络连接，依然可以实现高度专注。短语be equipped with表示“配备有……”，此处作状语省略be，用过去分词作状语。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：回到家后，杨浩惊讶地发现，所有未读消息在72小时后都消失了——这一发现让他短暂地感到遗憾，却并未真正产生失落感。介词of后跟名词loss，作宾语。 【13题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：他正在筹备一本关于自己经历的书籍和一部纪录片，旨在分享自己从不同角度看待世界所学到的东西。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指代事物故用连接代词what引导。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 China has begun constructing a hydropower project located in the lower reaches of the YarlungZangbo River. The project, mainly ____14____ (consist) of five cascade (梯级) stations, will boost clean energy while supporting Xizang’s development. The project, which ____15____ (approve) in December 2023 and carried out in July 2025, is crucial for China’s carbon neutrality goals. By developing hydropower, it will create a clean energy base combining hydro, wind, and solar power. It is reported that the project will primarily deliver power to other provinces, while also addressing local demand ____16____ electricity in Xizang. 【答案】14. consisting 15. was approved 16. for 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了中国已开始在雅鲁藏布江下游建设水电项目，该项目主要由五个梯级电站组成，将在推动清洁能源发展的同时支持西藏地区的建设，对中国实现碳中和目标具有重要意义。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目主要由五个梯级电站组成，将在推动清洁能源的同时支持西藏的发展。 will boost为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰The project，project和consist之间为主谓关系，需填现在分词consisting。 【15题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：该项目于2023年12月获批，并于2025年7月开工建设。设空处为从句谓语，根据时间状语in December 2023可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时；主语which，指代The project，是单数，与approve之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，be动词用was。 【16题详解】 考查介词。句意：据报道，该项目将主要向其他省份输送电力，同时也满足西藏当地的用电需求。demand for...为固定搭配，意为“对……的需求”，符合句意。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 AI with unpredictable possibilities ____17____ (reshape) almost every aspect of our lives at this very moment. Yet globally, less than a quarter of AI professionals are women. In fact, the world’s first computer programmer was a woman, ____18____ parents encouraged her to pursue her dream in the field. Eventually, Ada Lovelace put forward an idea that sparked the revolution from calculation to computation. Ada Lovelace Day is held every year in October and ____19____ (celebrate) overlooked achievements of women in STEM, reminding us that females also have the great potential ____20____ (unlock) the scientific world. 【答案】17. is reshaping 18. whose 19. celebrates 20. to unlock 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了AI正在重塑我们生活的方方面面， 但全球AI从业者中女性不足四分之一，指出Ada Lovelace Day旨在庆祝女性在STEM领域被忽视的成就，提醒我们女性同样拥有解锁科学世界的巨大潜力。 【17题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：此时此刻，具有不可预测可能性的人工智能正在重塑我们生活的方方面面。根据时间状语“at this very moment”可知，此处描述正在发生的动作，需用现在进行时，主语为AI，be动词用is 。 【18题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：事实上，世界上第一位计算机程序员是一位女性，她的父母鼓励她在该领域追求自己的梦想。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a woman，且关系词在从句中作parents的定语，需用关系代词whose引导。 【19题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：每年十月举办的Ada Lovelace Day旨在庆祝女性在STEM领域被忽视的成就。is held和空处为并列谓语，主语为Ada Lovelace Day，是单数名词，此处描述客观事实，需用一般现在时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数celebrates。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：提醒我们女性同样拥有解锁科学世界的巨大潜力。名词potential后需用动词不定式作后置定语，表示“……的潜力”。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A With the arrival of digital technology, digital libraries now have a wealth of free resources, making information easily accessible at no cost. Knowing where to search helps you to uncover a diverse arrangement of free e-books, audio-books and other online materials. Internet Archive The Internet Archive, possibly the largest digital library, houses a treasure of over 36 million e books, alongside 778 billion web pages and millions of videos, concerts, audio files and software programs. Acting as a digital time machine, it preserves unique items from the1990s and earlier, E-books are carefully organized by category, collection, author, topic, or year. Users can rate and review books and even upload their own media after registration. Open Library Sign up for Open Library to borrow and read millions of free e-books. Browse multiple genres(文体), filter results by subject or author, and search for specific titles. You can also preview and “ borrow” random e-books. Registered users can create custom reading lists and add new books. The platform offers both e-books and audio-books, satisfying all preferences. Smashwords Unlike other digital libraries featuring timeless classics, Smashwords stands out by highlighting independent authors and new releases. You can read e-books online or download them in PDF and EPUB. Personalize your search by selecting free books and choosing lengths from under 20,000 to over 100,000 words. ManyBooks Manybooks holds over 50,000 e-books across diversities of genres and categories. You can narrow down your searches by genre, language and rating. Each e book page indicates its availability for free download or online reading. Detailed descriptions, author information and summaries help you make sound selections. Each e-book comes with an extensive description of the story and the author, as well as a book summary to understand the book you are considering. 21. Which library allows readers to upload their own digital materials? A. Open Library. B. Smashwords. C. ManyBooks. D. Internet Archive. 22. Both Open Library and ManyBooks offer_______. A. free software programs B. multiple e-book genres C. individualized reading lists D. detailed authors’ information 23. Where is the passage most likely chosen from? A. A guide on how to borrow e-books. B. An introduction of the benefits of digital libraries. C. A review of various digital platforms for free resources. D. An instruction on how to upload contents to online libraries 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几个免费的数字图书馆。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Internet Archive”部分中的“Users can rate and review books and even upload their own media after registration.(用户可以对书籍进行评分和评论，甚至在注册后上传自己的媒体。)”可知，互联网档案馆允许读者上传自己的数字资料。故选D项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Open Library”部分提到“Browse multiple genres(文体), filter results by subject or author, and search for specific titles.(浏览多种类型，按主题或作者过滤结果，并搜索特定的标题。)”以及“ManyBooks”部分提到“Manybooks holds over 50,000 e-books across diversities of genres and categories.(Manybooks拥有超过5万本不同类型和类别的电子书。)”可知，这两个图书馆都提供多种电子书类型。故选B项。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“With the arrival of digital technology, digital libraries now have a wealth of free resources, making information easily accessible at no cost. Knowing where to search helps you to uncover a diverse arrangement of free e-books, audio-books and other online materials.(随着数字技术的到来，数字图书馆现在拥有丰富的免费资源，使信息易于免费获取。知道在哪里搜索可以帮助你找到各种各样的免费电子书、有声书和其他在线材料)”文章主要介绍了几个提供免费资源的数字图书馆，包括它们的特色、资源种类等，属于对各种免费资源数字平台的介绍和评论，由此可推知，这篇文章最有可能选自各种免费资源的数字平台综述。故选C项。 B Braving the elements On Dec.26, Gelinne, 60, was looking out the back windows of his home at the frozen lake. Then an airplane came into his sight. Gelinne looked up just in time to see that small air plane a few hundred yards away, losing control. As the plane disappeared behind the trees, Gelinne, a former Navy officer, realized it was going to land in the lake. He flashed on a moment from more than 20 years earlier: Gelinne was at work in a bank. When a fire alarm rang, he escaped from the chaos but has always wondered if he could have stayed inside and helped. On this day, Gelinne didn’t hesitate. He ran down to the waterfront. The plane had skidded (侧滑) to a stop on the broad, frozen lake, far from shore. It was now sinking. The pilot was standing on the wing. Gelinne knew from his Navy training that even a few minutes in the icy water could kill the pilot. Gelinne tested the ice with his foot and decided not to take any chances walking on it. So he pulled a boat out from under his back deck. Then he set off, pushing his boat across the ice. It was tough work. When Gelinne reached the plane, it had broken through the ice and sunk; only its tail was visible. The pilot was standing on a tail wing, submerged up to his chest, surrounded by open water. Gelinne pushed his boat off the ice and into the water, paddling (划) toward the pilot. Gelinne focused on keeping the pilot calm, joking, “Just hang on to the boat as if you were hugging your wife.” The pilot grabbed the boat’s bow, but Gelinne knew he had to get the pilot out of the water and up onto the shelf of unbroken ice behind him before the man lost too much body heat. By now a police officer had arrived and radioed for help. A lifeboat appeared, breaking through ice as it arrived. It picked up the pilot and rushed him to safety. Later the boat returned to help Gelinne, now extremely tired, to shore. “I’m 60 years old,” Gelinne says. “There was no way I could get him to shore.” Still, he was satisfied he’d gone the right way that day. 24. Why did Gelinne run outside without hesitation? A. He had rescucing experience. B. He wanted to offer help in time. C. He needed more time to prepare. D. He was amazed at what had happened. 25. How did Gelinne help the pilot? A. He made a call to the police. B. He got the pilot out of the water. C. He asked the pilot to grasp the bow. D. He picked up the pilot onto the shore. 26. What Gelinne did in the rescue proved him to be ____________. A. generous B. brave C. curious D. strict 27. What can Gelinne probably learn from the rescue? A. Think twice before action. B. One good turn deserves another. C. It’s never too late to make things right. D. One should always be ready to seize chances. 【答案】24. B 25. C 26. B 27. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了60岁的男子Gelinne在看到一架小飞机失控即将坠入湖中时，毫不犹豫地前去救援的故事。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“On this day, Gelinne didn’t hesitate.(这一天，杰琳没有犹豫。)”和第四段中“Gelinne tested the ice with his foot and decided not to take any chances walking on it. So he pulled a boat out from under his back deck.(Gelinne用脚试了试冰面，决定不冒险在上面走。于是他从后甲板下拉出一条船。)”可推知，Gelinne毫不犹豫地跑出去是为了及时提供救援。故选B项。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中“Gelinne focused on keeping the pilot calm, joking, “Just hang on to the boat as if you were hugging your wife.” The pilot grabbed the boat’s bow, but Gelinne knew he had to get the pilot out of the water and up onto the shelf of unbroken ice behind him before the man lost too much body heat.(Gelinne专注于让飞行员保持冷静，他开玩笑说：“只要抓住船，就像你在拥抱你的妻子一样。”飞行员抓住船头，但Gelinne知道，他必须在飞行员失去太多体温之前，把他从水里救出来，爬到他身后未碎的冰架上。)”可知，Gelinne让飞行员抓住船头。故选C项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“On this day, Gelinne didn’t hesitate. He ran down to the waterfront.(这一天，Gelinne没有犹豫。他跑到水边。)”、第五段中“Then he set off, pushing his boat across the ice. It was tough work.(然后他出发了，推着他的船穿过冰面。这是一项艰苦的工作。)”和倒数第二段中“Later the boat returned to help Gelinne, now extremely tired, to shore.(过了一会儿，小船又回来了，帮助此时极度疲惫的Gelinne上岸。)”可知，60岁的Gelinne不顾安危，毫不犹豫地去拯救掉到湖里的飞行员，说明他非常勇敢。故选B项。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“He flashed on a moment from more than 20 years earlier: Gelinne was at work in a bank. When a fire alarm rang, he escaped from the chaos but has always wondered if he could have stayed inside and helped.(他突然想起了20多年前的一幕：杰琳在一家银行工作。当火灾警报响起时，他从混乱中逃了出来，但他一直在想自己是否能留在屋里帮忙。)”可知，Gelinne一直为20多年前的行为感到懊悔，结合最后一段中“Still, he was satisfied he’d gone the right way that day.(尽管如此，他还是很满意自己那天做出了正确的选择。)”可推知，Gelinne这次做出了正确的选择，弥补了过去的遗憾。由此推知，从这次救援中，Gelinne明白了：亡羊补牢，为时未晚。故选C项。 C A hundred years ago, scientists were sure of many truths. The greatest experts were certain that the universe had always existed and was always the size it is now. Biochemists believed that, outside the nucleus, the interior of a human cell contained little more than busy enzymes — a “biochemical bog” that carried out all the reactions that are essential to life. These sureties were all wrong. Yet scientists reacted to challenges to their accepted truths with dismissal and skepticism. I began to see how common this knee-jerk reaction was as I researched my book on how scientists reconstructed the journey of our body’s atoms from the big bang to now. So many theories that we now consider great breakthroughs were at first waved off, like annoying gnats. Why? We all know that some researchers are territorial, or fear a new theory will undercut their work. But why did entire communities of scientists reject groundbreaking ideas — even those backed by sound evidence? Puzzled, I tried to categorize the reasons why and found six cognitive biases that arose so often I gave them nicknames. For instance, the “You Look For and See the Evidence That Matches Your Existing Theory” bias impeded our understanding of diseases like scurvy (坏血病) and beriberi (脚气病), which were killing millions. Scientists tried to explain these illnesses with the ancient Greek theory of humors, then germ theory, before arriving at the concept of vitamin deficiency. How could so many brilliant scientists have been so ignorant? If you look a little deeper, you will find that none of us is immune. A Microsoft executive once said: “There’s no chance that the iPhone is going to get market share.” When covid-19 struck, we all thought we would be back at work in just a few weeks. We will never be entirely rid of biases. Biases are part of the human condition, and scientists need to be aware their brains are full of them. As those I profiled discovered, our cells are crammed, not just with enzymes, but with a mind-boggling collection of molecular machines. DNA, not protein, is the molecule responsible for heredity. And the universe was once contained in a tiny point of space and time. All kinds of things are possible that we would never expect. That is the beauty of life. The history of scientific innovation encourages us to examine evidence with an open mind and try to see the world not as we would like it to be, but — to the extent that we can — as it truly is. Understanding this helps us to appreciate the amazing world we live in. 28. What does the example of biochemists in paragraph 1 imply? A. To stress the importance of innovation. B. To indicate the advancement of biochemistry. C. To emphasize the harm of fake science. D. To reveal the hardwired problem of scientists. 29. What does the writer stress on bias? A. It uniquely affects researchers. B. It’s unavoidable in humans. C. It fades with rich experience. D. It blocks all scientific studies. 30. What’s implied about human cognition? A. Minds have internal limitations. B. People tend to judge objectively. C. Biases totally ruin creativity. D. Old views never get replaced. 31. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Embrace the complexity of our life. B. Solid evidence is a must for new findings. C. Allow scientists to make mistakes. D. Ease the prejudice in sciences research. 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. A 31. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要说明了历史上诸多科学家固守成见、否定新理论，源于难以根除的认知偏见并呼吁科研抛开主观偏见、立足事实客观探索。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“A hundred years ago, scientists were sure of many truths. The greatest experts were certain that the universe had always existed and was always the size it is now. Biochemists believed that, outside the nucleus, the interior of a human cell contained little more than busy enzymes — a “biochemical bog” that carried out all the reactions that are essential to life. These sureties were all wrong. Yet scientists reacted to challenges to their accepted truths with dismissal and skepticism.(一百年前，科学家们对许多事情都确信无疑。最顶尖的专家坚信宇宙自古以来就一直存在，并且始终保持着如今的规模。生物化学家认为，在细胞核之外，人体细胞内部除了繁忙的酶之外几乎别无他物——一个“生化沼泽”，负责进行所有维持生命所必需的化学反应。然而，这些信念全都错了。尽管如此，科学家们面对对这些被广泛接受的真理的挑战时，却以轻视和怀疑的态度回应)”可知，第一段中生物化学家的例子暗示了揭示科学家固有的问题。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“We will never be entirely rid of biases. Biases are part of the human condition, and scientists need to be aware their brains are full of them.(我们永远无法完全摆脱偏见。偏见是人类固有的部分，科学家需要意识到自己的大脑中充满了偏见)”可知，作者强调了偏见在人类中是不可避免的。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“How could so many brilliant scientists have been so ignorant? If you look a little deeper, you will find that none of us is immune. A Microsoft executive once said: “There’s no chance that the iPhone is going to get market share.” When covid-19 struck, we all thought we would be back at work in just a few weeks.(这么多杰出的科学家怎么会如此无知？如果你再仔细观察，就会发现我们当中没有一个人是例外。一位微软高管曾说过：“iPhone的市场份额不可能实现。”当新冠疫情爆发时，我们都以为几周内就能重返工作岗位)”可知，人类认知的隐含含义是心理存在内在局限性。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“All kinds of things are possible that we would never expect. That is the beauty of life. The history of scientific innovation encourages us to examine evidence with an open mind and try to see the world not as we would like it to be, but — to the extent that we can — as it truly is. Understanding this helps us to appreciate the amazing world we live in.(各种意想不到的事情都可能发生，这正是生活的魅力所在。科学创新的历史鼓励我们以开放的心态审视证据，努力看到世界并非如我们所愿，而是尽可能真实地呈现其本来面目。理解这一点，有助于我们更好地欣赏我们所生活的奇妙世界)”结合文章主要说明了历史上诸多科学家固守成见、否定新理论，源于难以根除的认知偏见。偏见是人固有特质，文章呼吁科研抛开主观偏见、立足事实客观探索。可知，D选项“减轻科学研究中的偏见”最符合文章标题。 D More than a billion years ago a hungry cell devoured (吞噬) a tiny blue-green algae (蓝藻). But instead of the former simply digesting the latter, the duo struck a remarkable evolutionary deal. Now scientists are trying to engineer that miracle in a laboratory. In a recent experiment reported in the Proceedings of the Japan Academy, researchers transplanted that algae’s photosynthesizing descendants, plant organelles called chloroplasts (叶绿体), into hamster cells — where they converted light into energy, staying active for at least two days. Scientists had previously tried transferring plant chloroplasts into fungi cells, but the cells’ cleanup squad destroyed foreign organelles within hours. For their attempt, Matsunaga’s group harvested extra-hardy chloroplasts from a red algae that thrives in acidic volcanic hot springs and housed them in lab-cultured hamster ovary cells. The team isolated the chloroplasts from algal cells using a centrifuge (离心机) and gentle stirring. Instead of then piercing the host cells’ membranes, as in earlier work, the researchers adjusted the culture medium’s composition so it coaxed the animal cells into engulfing the chloroplasts like amoebas do, Matsunaga says, “mistaking them for nutrients.” The transplanted chloroplasts maintained their structure and showed successful electron transport, a crucial step in processing light, for two days before deteriorating. Previous attempts at transplanting a chloroplast into a foreign cell had worked for just a few hours. “I was impressed that they were able to get that much mileage out of it,” says cell biologist Jef D. Boeke of the NYU Grossman School of Medicine. Challenges remain: Chloroplasts need a steady supply of proteins from the cell. “Animal cells, however, don’t have the necessary genes to make and transport these proteins, so chloroplasts would break down quickly without them,” says Werner Kühlbrandt, a structural biologist at the Max Planck Institute of Biophysics in Frankfurt. Like Boeke, he was not involved in the new study. Next, Matsunaga’s team plans to try inserting photosynthesis-maintaining genes into animal cells, aiming to make them more compatible with the transplanted chloroplasts. These types of transplants could someday help scientists engineer living materials, Boeke says, such as photosynthesizing fungi or bacteria that might be used on rooftops to soak up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, or lab organoids that can grow faster using a chloroplast’s extra oxygen. Solar-powered humans, of course, remain pure fantasy, Matsunaga says: “They would need a tennis court’s worth of surface area covered with chloroplasts.” 32. What does the new method avoid doing? A. Piercing host cell membranes directly. B. Using centrifuge to isolate chloroplasts. C. Harvesting chloroplasts from hot springs. D. Culturing hamster cells in a lab. 33. What does the underlined word “deteriorating” probably mean? A. thrive B. transform C. collapse D. reproduce 34. How do Matsunaga’s words in the last paragraph feel? A. Humorous but objective. B. Truthful and knowledgeable. C. Ironic but attractive. D. Enthusiastic and hopeful. 【答案】32. A 33. C 34. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍科研团队成功将红藻叶绿体移植进仓鼠细胞的实验，对比以往实验的不足，介绍新型移植手段、实验成果、现存难题以及该技术未来的应用前景。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Instead of then piercing the host cells’ membranes, as in earlier work, the researchers adjusted the culture medium’s composition so it coaxed the animal cells into engulfing the chloroplasts like amoebas do, Matsunaga says, “mistaking them for nutrients.”(Matsunaga说，研究人员没有像早期的工作那样刺穿宿主细胞的膜，而是调整了培养基的成分，使其像变形虫一样诱使动物细胞吞噬叶绿体，“误以为它们是营养物质。”)”可知，新方法避免直接刺穿宿主细胞膜。 【33题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“The transplanted chloroplasts maintained their structure and showed successful electron transport, a crucial step in processing light, for two days before deteriorating.(移植的叶绿体在两天内维持自身结构、顺利完成光能转化的关键电子传递过程，之后deteriorating)”以及“Previous attempts at transplanting a chloroplast into a foreign cell had worked for just a few hours.(此前尝试将叶绿体移植到异源细胞中，仅能维持数小时。)”可知，前文说移植的叶绿体可以维持结构、完成光能处理两天，后文提到叶绿体仅几小时就失效，deteriorating表示衰败、瓦解，与collapse词义相近。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Solar-powered humans, of course, remain pure fantasy, Matsunaga says: “They would need a tennis court’s worth of surface area covered with chloroplasts.”(靠太阳能供能的人类只是空想，想要实现需要网球场大小的体表全部布满叶绿体)”可知，作者用夸张风趣的举例客观说明人造光合人类无法实现，语气幽默又客观。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people． ____35____ The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes． ____36____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，can lead to less pain． Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．____37____While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety． When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____38____ On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit． ____39____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable． A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems． B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud． C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing． D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep． E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive． F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety． G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were． 【答案】35. F 36. B 37. D 38. G 39. E 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。 【35题详解】 空格后说“The mental health benefits from music can't be argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F选项It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety中的stress and anxiety照应了mental health benefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。 【36题详解】 空格后说“However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain”（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B选项Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。 【37题详解】 空格前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐），D选项They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep中的sleep和going to bed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。 【38题详解】 空格前说“In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。 【39题详解】 空格后说“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends， family members，or classmates rather than holding them back． There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices， and storming out．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health．In a study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row．When people had an argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） of those who avoided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions．In other words，resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half．One day later， people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument． This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution——and you are less likely to be annoyed． Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not． It is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome． 40. According to this passage，what is arguing？ 41. Why is it that“the older you are， the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why． Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry． 43. In addition to improving emotional health，what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument？ （In about 40 words） 【答案】40. Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party． 41. It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life． 42. Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity． 43. Resolving arguments can solve specific problems, complex situations at very low cost, improve people's logical thinking , resilience, is conducive to the formation of a good relationship so that you can make yourself more confident and develop better . 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。因此，向你的朋友、家人或同学提出问题可能是值得的，而不是阻止他们。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．”（争论是你和你的对手提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。）可知，争论是提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。故答案为Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party． 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not．”（而且，年纪越大，越有可能在争吵后找到解决办法。这可能是因为更多的生活经历通常会导致更明确的优先事项。你更有可能区分什么是重要的，什么是不重要的。）可知，更多的生活经验可以帮助人们更好地确定生活中的优先事项。故答案填It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life． 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．”（最近的研究表明，如果一个争论得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应就会显著减少或几乎完全消失。）可知，解决争吵可以改善你的情绪健康，因为它增加你的反应，减少你生气的机会。解决争论有助于降低你的反应性，而不是增加你的反应力。故答案为Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity． 【43题详解】 考查开放思维。解决争吵也可以提高人们的逻辑思维能力和应变能力，使得相互之间的关系得到升华。故可能答案版本一为Resolving arguments can solve specific problems, complex situations at very low cost, improve people's logical thinking , resilience, is conducive to the formation of a good relationship so that you can make yourself more confident and develop better . 第二节（20 分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，从好友英国交换生Jim的邮件中得知，他在选择大学专业上与父母发生分歧。请你给Jim回复一封邮件，内容包括： 1.分析存在问题； 2.提出解决建议。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Possible version Dear Jim, I’m sorry to hear you’re having a disagreement with your parents about choosing a university major. Your parents may care more about the future job prospects of the major, while you might prioritize your own interest and passion. Their love and your pursuit of dreams are both reasonable, so the key is to bridge the gap between you two. Here are some suggestions for you. First, calm down and have a sincere talk with them, listening to their worries patiently. Then, explain your ideas clearly, telling them how you plan to develop in the future. I believe your parents will understand you if you communicate well. Hope things go well for you soon. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以红星中学高三学生李华的身份，给英国交换生好友Jim回复邮件，针对其在大学专业选择上与父母产生分歧的问题，分析问题所在并提出解决建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 建议：suggestion → proposal 真诚的：sincere → genuine 担忧：worry → concern 弥合：bridge → narrow 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I believe your parents will understand you if you communicate well. 拓展句：I hold the belief that your parents will understand you if you communicate well. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Your parents may care more about the future job prospects of the major, while you might prioritize your own interest and passion.(运用了while引导的并列句) 【高分句型2】First, calm down and have a sincere talk with them, listening to their worries patiently.(运用了现在分词短语作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市育才学校 2025～2026 学年度第二学期 5 月仿真试题 高三英语 2026.5 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30 分） 第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I was in Chicago for a job training when I knew a nearby theatre was releasing a film about saving dogs. However, none of my co-workers could ____1____ time for me. I got cold feet for anxiety about exploring the streets by myself at night alone. But in my hotel room I felt ____2____ and bored. The theatre was only about five blocks away from the hotel. How could I get lost? Hence, I decided to ____3____ it. I gathered my room key and set off. I managed to find the street of the theatre but stopped in shock. The street was full of bikers — lots of very big, ____4____ bikers. Now I was a woman all alone at night. Warning bells began to sound and my heart ____5____ into my throat. Was I at the right theatre? Had I misread the date of the event? I finally decided that I would be safer inside the theatre. I hurried into the theatre. As I sat there, heart racing, ___6___ the film, I muttered a prayer (祷文) to ____7____ my anxieties. The film ____8____ shortly afterwards. From start to finish, the story was incredibly touching; there were even moments when I couldn’t hold back my tears. When the credits rolled and the film came to an end, I understood the presence of the bikers after a conversation with the man sitting beside me. Being part of an animal rescue group, they had escorted (护送) dogs from New Jersey to Chicago. At that moment, I was struck by the bond that had drawn so many originally ____9____ folks to the same spot. I stayed till the very end and made it to my hotel without any incident, overjoyed that I broke out of the ____10____ I used to set for myself and ventured into the unknown. To my amazement, the reward was one of the best nights of my life. 1. A. occupy B. squeeze C. search D. appoint 2. A. graceless B. careless C. restless D. tireless 3. A. brave B. desert C. forget D. attend 4. A. well-behaved B. hard-working C. casually-dressed D. tough-looking 5. A. beat B. sank C. stopped D. jumped 6. A. accomplishing B. watching C. anticipating D. recalling 7. A. contain B. comfort C. strengthen D. tighten 8. A. picked up B. kicked off C. brought about D. took away 9. A. natural B. cooperative C. distinct D. similar 10. A. definition B. imagination C. circulation D. boundary 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Yang Hao, a 32-year-old doctoral student, completed a 134-day solo journey across China without any digital device. Merely ____11____ (equip) with printed maps and using only cash, he visited 68 locations with cameras, proving that deep concentration is possible without constant connectivity. Upon returning home, Yang surprisingly realized that all unread messages had vanished after 72 hours — a discovery that left him with fleeting regret but no true sense of ____12____ (lose). Now preparing a book and a documentary about his experience, he aims to share ____13____ he has learned about seeing the world differently. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 China has begun constructing a hydropower project located in the lower reaches of the YarlungZangbo River. The project, mainly ____14____ (consist) of five cascade (梯级) stations, will boost clean energy while supporting Xizang’s development. The project, which ____15____ (approve) in December 2023 and carried out in July 2025, is crucial for China’s carbon neutrality goals. By developing hydropower, it will create a clean energy base combining hydro, wind, and solar power. It is reported that the project will primarily deliver power to other provinces, while also addressing local demand ____16____ electricity in Xizang. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 AI with unpredictable possibilities ____17____ (reshape) almost every aspect of our lives at this very moment. Yet globally, less than a quarter of AI professionals are women. In fact, the world’s first computer programmer was a woman, ____18____ parents encouraged her to pursue her dream in the field. Eventually, Ada Lovelace put forward an idea that sparked the revolution from calculation to computation. Ada Lovelace Day is held every year in October and ____19____ (celebrate) overlooked achievements of women in STEM, reminding us that females also have the great potential ____20____ (unlock) the scientific world. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A With the arrival of digital technology, digital libraries now have a wealth of free resources, making information easily accessible at no cost. Knowing where to search helps you to uncover a diverse arrangement of free e-books, audio-books and other online materials. Internet Archive The Internet Archive, possibly the largest digital library, houses a treasure of over 36 million e books, alongside 778 billion web pages and millions of videos, concerts, audio files and software programs. Acting as a digital time machine, it preserves unique items from the1990s and earlier, E-books are carefully organized by category, collection, author, topic, or year. Users can rate and review books and even upload their own media after registration. Open Library Sign up for Open Library to borrow and read millions of free e-books. Browse multiple genres(文体), filter results by subject or author, and search for specific titles. You can also preview and “ borrow” random e-books. Registered users can create custom reading lists and add new books. The platform offers both e-books and audio-books, satisfying all preferences. Smashwords Unlike other digital libraries featuring timeless classics, Smashwords stands out by highlighting independent authors and new releases. You can read e-books online or download them in PDF and EPUB. Personalize your search by selecting free books and choosing lengths from under 20,000 to over 100,000 words. ManyBooks Manybooks holds over 50,000 e-books across diversities of genres and categories. You can narrow down your searches by genre, language and rating. Each e book page indicates its availability for free download or online reading. Detailed descriptions, author information and summaries help you make sound selections. Each e-book comes with an extensive description of the story and the author, as well as a book summary to understand the book you are considering. 21. Which library allows readers to upload their own digital materials? A. Open Library. B. Smashwords. C. ManyBooks. D. Internet Archive. 22. Both Open Library and ManyBooks offer_______. A. free software programs B. multiple e-book genres C. individualized reading lists D. detailed authors’ information 23. Where is the passage most likely chosen from? A. A guide on how to borrow e-books. B. An introduction of the benefits of digital libraries. C. A review of various digital platforms for free resources. D. An instruction on how to upload contents to online libraries B Braving the elements On Dec.26, Gelinne, 60, was looking out the back windows of his home at the frozen lake. Then an airplane came into his sight. Gelinne looked up just in time to see that small air plane a few hundred yards away, losing control. As the plane disappeared behind the trees, Gelinne, a former Navy officer, realized it was going to land in the lake. He flashed on a moment from more than 20 years earlier: Gelinne was at work in a bank. When a fire alarm rang, he escaped from the chaos but has always wondered if he could have stayed inside and helped. On this day, Gelinne didn’t hesitate. He ran down to the waterfront. The plane had skidded (侧滑) to a stop on the broad, frozen lake, far from shore. It was now sinking. The pilot was standing on the wing. Gelinne knew from his Navy training that even a few minutes in the icy water could kill the pilot. Gelinne tested the ice with his foot and decided not to take any chances walking on it. So he pulled a boat out from under his back deck. Then he set off, pushing his boat across the ice. It was tough work. When Gelinne reached the plane, it had broken through the ice and sunk; only its tail was visible. The pilot was standing on a tail wing, submerged up to his chest, surrounded by open water. Gelinne pushed his boat off the ice and into the water, paddling (划) toward the pilot. Gelinne focused on keeping the pilot calm, joking, “Just hang on to the boat as if you were hugging your wife.” The pilot grabbed the boat’s bow, but Gelinne knew he had to get the pilot out of the water and up onto the shelf of unbroken ice behind him before the man lost too much body heat. By now a police officer had arrived and radioed for help. A lifeboat appeared, breaking through ice as it arrived. It picked up the pilot and rushed him to safety. Later the boat returned to help Gelinne, now extremely tired, to shore. “I’m 60 years old,” Gelinne says. “There was no way I could get him to shore.” Still, he was satisfied he’d gone the right way that day. 24. Why did Gelinne run outside without hesitation? A. He had rescucing experience. B. He wanted to offer help in time. C. He needed more time to prepare. D. He was amazed at what had happened. 25. How did Gelinne help the pilot? A. He made a call to the police. B. He got the pilot out of the water. C. He asked the pilot to grasp the bow. D. He picked up the pilot onto the shore. 26. What Gelinne did in the rescue proved him to be ____________. A. generous B. brave C. curious D. strict 27. What can Gelinne probably learn from the rescue? A. Think twice before action. B. One good turn deserves another. C. It’s never too late to make things right. D. One should always be ready to seize chances. C A hundred years ago, scientists were sure of many truths. The greatest experts were certain that the universe had always existed and was always the size it is now. Biochemists believed that, outside the nucleus, the interior of a human cell contained little more than busy enzymes — a “biochemical bog” that carried out all the reactions that are essential to life. These sureties were all wrong. Yet scientists reacted to challenges to their accepted truths with dismissal and skepticism. I began to see how common this knee-jerk reaction was as I researched my book on how scientists reconstructed the journey of our body’s atoms from the big bang to now. So many theories that we now consider great breakthroughs were at first waved off, like annoying gnats. Why? We all know that some researchers are territorial, or fear a new theory will undercut their work. But why did entire communities of scientists reject groundbreaking ideas — even those backed by sound evidence? Puzzled, I tried to categorize the reasons why and found six cognitive biases that arose so often I gave them nicknames. For instance, the “You Look For and See the Evidence That Matches Your Existing Theory” bias impeded our understanding of diseases like scurvy (坏血病) and beriberi (脚气病), which were killing millions. Scientists tried to explain these illnesses with the ancient Greek theory of humors, then germ theory, before arriving at the concept of vitamin deficiency. How could so many brilliant scientists have been so ignorant? If you look a little deeper, you will find that none of us is immune. A Microsoft executive once said: “There’s no chance that the iPhone is going to get market share.” When covid-19 struck, we all thought we would be back at work in just a few weeks. We will never be entirely rid of biases. Biases are part of the human condition, and scientists need to be aware their brains are full of them. As those I profiled discovered, our cells are crammed, not just with enzymes, but with a mind-boggling collection of molecular machines. DNA, not protein, is the molecule responsible for heredity. And the universe was once contained in a tiny point of space and time. All kinds of things are possible that we would never expect. That is the beauty of life. The history of scientific innovation encourages us to examine evidence with an open mind and try to see the world not as we would like it to be, but — to the extent that we can — as it truly is. Understanding this helps us to appreciate the amazing world we live in. 28. What does the example of biochemists in paragraph 1 imply? A. To stress the importance of innovation. B. To indicate the advancement of biochemistry. C. To emphasize the harm of fake science. D. To reveal the hardwired problem of scientists. 29. What does the writer stress on bias? A. It uniquely affects researchers. B. It’s unavoidable in humans. C. It fades with rich experience. D. It blocks all scientific studies. 30. What’s implied about human cognition? A. Minds have internal limitations. B. People tend to judge objectively. C. Biases totally ruin creativity. D. Old views never get replaced. 31. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Embrace the complexity of our life. B. Solid evidence is a must for new findings. C. Allow scientists to make mistakes. D. Ease the prejudice in sciences research. D More than a billion years ago a hungry cell devoured (吞噬) a tiny blue-green algae (蓝藻). But instead of the former simply digesting the latter, the duo struck a remarkable evolutionary deal. Now scientists are trying to engineer that miracle in a laboratory. In a recent experiment reported in the Proceedings of the Japan Academy, researchers transplanted that algae’s photosynthesizing descendants, plant organelles called chloroplasts (叶绿体), into hamster cells — where they converted light into energy, staying active for at least two days. Scientists had previously tried transferring plant chloroplasts into fungi cells, but the cells’ cleanup squad destroyed foreign organelles within hours. For their attempt, Matsunaga’s group harvested extra-hardy chloroplasts from a red algae that thrives in acidic volcanic hot springs and housed them in lab-cultured hamster ovary cells. The team isolated the chloroplasts from algal cells using a centrifuge (离心机) and gentle stirring. Instead of then piercing the host cells’ membranes, as in earlier work, the researchers adjusted the culture medium’s composition so it coaxed the animal cells into engulfing the chloroplasts like amoebas do, Matsunaga says, “mistaking them for nutrients.” The transplanted chloroplasts maintained their structure and showed successful electron transport, a crucial step in processing light, for two days before deteriorating. Previous attempts at transplanting a chloroplast into a foreign cell had worked for just a few hours. “I was impressed that they were able to get that much mileage out of it,” says cell biologist Jef D. Boeke of the NYU Grossman School of Medicine. Challenges remain: Chloroplasts need a steady supply of proteins from the cell. “Animal cells, however, don’t have the necessary genes to make and transport these proteins, so chloroplasts would break down quickly without them,” says Werner Kühlbrandt, a structural biologist at the Max Planck Institute of Biophysics in Frankfurt. Like Boeke, he was not involved in the new study. Next, Matsunaga’s team plans to try inserting photosynthesis-maintaining genes into animal cells, aiming to make them more compatible with the transplanted chloroplasts. These types of transplants could someday help scientists engineer living materials, Boeke says, such as photosynthesizing fungi or bacteria that might be used on rooftops to soak up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, or lab organoids that can grow faster using a chloroplast’s extra oxygen. Solar-powered humans, of course, remain pure fantasy, Matsunaga says: “They would need a tennis court’s worth of surface area covered with chloroplasts.” 32. What does the new method avoid doing? A. Piercing host cell membranes directly. B. Using centrifuge to isolate chloroplasts. C. Harvesting chloroplasts from hot springs. D. Culturing hamster cells in a lab. 33. What does the underlined word “deteriorating” probably mean? A. thrive B. transform C. collapse D. reproduce 34. How do Matsunaga’s words in the last paragraph feel? A. Humorous but objective. B. Truthful and knowledgeable. C. Ironic but attractive. D. Enthusiastic and hopeful. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people． ____35____ The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes． ____36____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，can lead to less pain． Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．____37____While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety． When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____38____ On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit． ____39____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable． A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems． B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud． C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing． D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep． E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive． F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety． G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were． 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends， family members，or classmates rather than holding them back． There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices， and storming out．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health．In a study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row．When people had an argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） of those who avoided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions．In other words，resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half．One day later， people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument． This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution——and you are less likely to be annoyed． Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not． It is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome． 40. According to this passage，what is arguing？ 41. Why is it that“the older you are， the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why． Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry． 43. In addition to improving emotional health，what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument？ （In about 40 words） 第二节（20 分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，从好友英国交换生Jim的邮件中得知，他在选择大学专业上与父母发生分歧。请你给Jim回复一封邮件，内容包括： 1.分析存在问题； 2.提出解决建议。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $