精品解析：北京市某重点校2025-2026学年高一年级下学期期中考试英语试题

2025-2026学年第二学期24 0.5+3英语期中考试 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30 分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Rudy, my dog, is 13 (95 dog years). I ____1____ that he won’t make it to his 14th birthday. The day he dies will be painful, for Rudy and I have a special ____2____. I still remember the day we met the dog. While all his siblings stayed close to their mother, one skinny puppy was left unattended. Believing in our abundance of love to ____3____, I decided to bring him home, although my wife and kids all had their eye on another lively puppy. The dog reminded me of the movie hero, who on determination alone willed his way onto his ideal football team: Rudy. So we ____4____ him that. The past two years have been ____5____ for Rudy. He is completely deaf and blind. But true to his namesake, his heart is strong, with no sign of a heart disease that often burdens his breed (品种) as they ____6____. He barks after dusk, when he tends to become more disoriented (迷路的). Our vet suggested someone hug him every night before bedtime, as a familiar scent and touch would help reorient him. ____7____, this ritual fell to me as I spent the most time with him. After dinner my dog and I often sit together. I play songs with him beside me, hoping these songs won’t be impossible to enjoy when he is gone. Strangely, this ____8____ has calmed me as much as it has calmed Rudy, reminding me whether life is long or short, all anyone possesses is the ____9____, and all that matters is what is done in it. In that precious moment, he is simply bathed in love. For me, it’s a reminder that the secret of life is the choosing to give and receive love, in every moment. Rudy needed me more when he was young, but as we both grow old, we need each other ____10____. 1. A. claim B. fear C. regret D. promise 2. A. connection B. deal C. secret D. mission 3. A. return B. seek C. keep D. give 4. A. taught B. offered C. named D. showed 5. A. tough B. pleasant C. important D. unfair 6. A. age B. play C. sleep D. change 7. A. Hopefully B. Naturally C. Surprisingly D. Interestingly 8. A. suggestion B. cooperation C. routine D. reaction 9. A. future B. growth C. youth D. present 10. A. firmly B. occasionally C. equally D. eventually 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者与他家的狗——鲁迪之间的故事。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我担心他熬不过14岁生日了。A. claim声称；B. fear担心；C. regret后悔；D. promise承诺。根据上文的句子“Rudy, my dog, is 13 (95 dog years).(鲁迪，我的狗，13岁(狗龄95岁))”和下文的“The day he dies will be painful”可知，鲁迪的年龄已经很大了，所以作者担心他熬不过14岁生日。故选B项。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他死的那天会很痛苦，因为鲁迪和我有特殊的关系。A. connection关系，联系；B. deal交易；C. secret秘密；D. mission使命。根据上文的“The day he dies will be painful”下文的“I decided to bring him home, although my wife and kids all had their eye on another lively puppy”可知，作者与鲁迪有着特殊的关系。故选A项。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管我的妻子和孩子们都看中了另一只活泼的小狗，但我相信我们有足够的爱可以给予，所以我决定把它带回家。A. return回来；B. seek寻找；C. keep保持；D. give给予。根据上文的句子“I still remember the day we met the dog. While all his siblings stayed close to their mother, one skinny puppy was left unattended.(我还记得我们遇见狗的那天。当他所有的兄弟姐妹都待在妈妈身边时，一只瘦骨嶙峋的小狗无人照料)”可知，作者想把爱给这只无人照料的小狗。故选D项。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我们给他起了这个名字。A. taught教授；B. offered提供；C. named命名；D. showed显示。根据上文的句子“The dog reminded me of the movie hero, who on determination alone willed his way onto his ideal football team: Rudy.(这只狗让我想起了电影中的英雄，他凭借自己的决心进入了他理想的足球队：鲁迪)”可知，作者给小狗取名为鲁迪。故选C项。 【5题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过去的两年对鲁迪来说很艰难。A. tough艰难的；B. pleasant令人愉快的；C. important重要的；D. unfair不公平的。根据下文的句子“He is completely deaf and blind.(他完全聋和瞎了)”可知，因为鲁迪完全聋了并且瞎了，所以过去的两年对鲁迪来说很艰难。故选A项。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但正如他的名字一样，他的心脏很强壮，没有任何心脏病的迹象，而随着年龄的增长，心脏病经常会给他这个品种带来负担。A. age变老；B. play玩；C. sleep睡觉；D. change改变。根据上文的“a heart disease that often burdens his breed”和常识可知，变老的时候心脏病可能给这个品种的狗带来负担。故选A项。 【7题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：自然，这个仪式落在了我身上，因为我和他在一起的时间最多。A. Hopefully有希望地；B. Naturally自然地；C. Surprisingly令人惊讶地；D. Interestingly有趣地。根据下文的“as I spent the most time with him”可知，因为作者和鲁迪在一起的时间最多，每晚睡觉前拥抱他的事自然就由作者来做。故选B项。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：奇怪的是，这个惯例让我和鲁迪一样平静下来，提醒我无论生命是长是短，每个人拥有的都是现在，重要的是在这段时间里做了什么。A. suggestion建议；B. cooperation合作；C. routine常规，惯例；D. reaction反应。根据上文的句子“After dinner my dog and I often sit together. I play songs with him beside me, hoping these songs won’t be impossible to enjoy when he is gone.(晚饭后，我的狗和我常常坐在一起。我在他旁边播放歌曲，希望当他不在时，这些歌曲不会无法欣赏)”可知，此处指的是作者和鲁迪经常一起做的事，即惯例。故选C项。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：奇怪的是，这个惯例让我和鲁迪一样平静下来，提醒我无论生命是长是短，每个人拥有的都是现在，重要的是在这段时间里做了什么。A. future未来；B. growth生长；C. youth青少年时期；D. present现在。根据上文的“whether life is long or short”和下文的“In that precious moment, he is simply bathed in love.”可知，此处作者强调的是现在。故选D项。 【10题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：鲁迪年轻的时候更需要我，但随着年龄的增长，我们同样需要对方。A. firmly坚决地；B. occasionally偶尔；C. equally同样地；D. eventually最终。根据前文“Rudy needed me more when he was young, but as we both grow old”可知，此处指的是鲁迪年轻的时候更需要我，但年龄增长后我们同样相互需要。故选C项。 第二节 语法填空（共 10 题；每小题 1.5 分, 共 15 分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 My name is Barbara and I work at a department store. I ____11____(work) there for one year when another Barbara joined the staff. Then I changed my name tag from “Barb” to “Barbie”. ____12____made me feel funny was how small kids talked about me. “Is she really Barbie?” they asked. I changed it at my other job, too and began answering the phone, “This is Barbie. How can I help you?” The callers have gotten used to that over time, ninety percent of ____13____now respond with my name: “Barbie, can you tell me.” Pronouncing that long “e” sound forces your mouth into a smile, but I have found the smile is usually returned voluntarily. 【答案】11. had worked 12. What 13. whom 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在一家百货公司工作时，另一位和作者同名的人也加入进来的趣事。 【11题详解】 考查时态。句意：我在那里工作了一年之后，另一个Barbara加入了工作。由“when another Barbara joined the staff”可知，当另一个Barbara加入了工作时，“我”已经工作一年了，空格处用过去完成时表示动作发生在过去的过去，因此空格处是had worked。故填had worked。 【12题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：让我觉得好笑的是小孩子们怎么谈论我。空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处指“小孩子们怎么谈论我”这件事，因此空格处用what引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填What。 【13题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：随着时间的推移，来百货公司的人已经习惯了，现在90%的人对我名字的反应是“芭比，你能告诉我吗？”空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词callers是人，因此空格处用whom，故填whom。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It’s said that for the Englishman, his house is his castle. However, this does not mean that his house is a beautiful palace that others ____14____ (invite) to see. For the British, the home is a place to protect oneself from the outside world. It’s a private place in which he goes to hide away ____15____ the troubles of life. To the American, the home is an expression of ____16____ (he). Much money is often spent on each and every room ____17____ (create) the right “feel” according to the person’s lifestyle. Therefore, he is happy to show his house to others. 【答案】14. are invited 15. from 16. himself 17. to create 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“房屋”对英国人和美国人分别意味着什么。 【14题详解】 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：然而，这并不意味着他的房子是一个美丽的宫殿，其他人都会被邀请来参观。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语others与invite为动宾关系，表示“被邀请”，故需要用到被动语态；文章为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时态。故填are invited。 【15题详解】 考查介词。句意：这是他躲避生活烦恼的私人场所。结合句意，表示“躲避”为固定短语hide away from。故填from。 【16题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：对于美国人来说，房屋就是表达他自己的一种方式。结合句意可知，空处需要填反身代词表示“美国人自己”；根据谓语动词is和宾语an expression可知，此处反身代词需要用单数形式，在性别有男有女时，用himself代指。故填himself。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：通常会在每个房间都花很多钱，以根据人们的生活方式来创造一种合适的“感觉”。分析句子结构，谓语动词为is spent，故空处需要填非谓语的形式；结合句意，表示“来……”为目的，故用to do不定式的形式。故填to create。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Smoke jumpers are firefighters, trained to fight fires in places that fire engines can’t reach. They travel in small planes and, ____18____(use) a parachute, jump into remote wild areas to fight fires. Smoke jumpers have to respond quickly. While a fire is still small, the pilot ____19____(drop) team members into the area as needed. Their first job may be to build a fire line to stop the fire from spreading. Water is sent down to them. Smoke jumpers must be ____20____(high) trained, very experienced and extremely fit. Their job is very dangerous. 【答案】18. using 19. drops##will drop 20. highly 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了跳伞灭火工作人员的工作方式，内容和条件。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们乘坐小型飞机旅行，并使用降落伞跳入偏远的荒野地区灭火。分析句子成分可知，本句的谓语动词为“travel”和“jump”，连词为“and”，故提示词应为非谓语动词。照应主语“They”，为逻辑上的主动关系，故用doing形式作方式状语。故填using。 【19题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：当火势还很小时，飞行员会根据需要将队员空投到该地区。分析句子成分可知，本句为“While”引导的时间状语从句，主将从现，故主句应用一般将来时。另外，本句也可理解为客观描述，可用一般现在时。故填drops/will drop。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意：跳伞灭火员必须训练有素，非常有经验和非常健康。根据空前后为谓语动词“must be trained”可知，应为副词修饰动词。故填highly。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38 分） 第一节（共 14 题；每小题 2 分, 共 28 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Connected to each other like never before, young people today are becoming agents of change, increasingly contributing to innovative solutions that improve people’s lives and the planet’s health. The United Nations Institute for Training and Research is therefore delighted to launch the Young Leaders Online Training Programme, a four-week e-Learning course, to provide participants with the knowledge and skills to fully unfold their potential as global leaders. ◆CONTENT ◇Online Learning Modules Module 1: The United Nations (3-9 June 2024) Module 2: Conference Diplomacy (外交) (10-16 June 2024) Module 3: Sustainable Development Goals (17-23 June 2024) Module 4: International Communication (24-30 June 2024) Each module will comprise about 30 pages of literature, external links, videos, and other relevant material, corresponding to a total workload of 40-45 hours during the four weeks. ◇Live Components Each e-Learning module will go with a series of live meetings with UN experts. These will have varying lengths and formats, including e-workshops, mock (模拟的) interviews, etc. ◆COMPLETION REQUIREMENTS Participants are qualified for a course certificate upon successful completion of the components below: ◇Reading the four modules’ content. You may wish to study the material through the interactive programme Articulate Storyline or simply download the PDF version of the content. They are identical in content and are meant to give participants flexibility in the way to study. ◇Participation in the discussion board forums (论坛). You are supposed to answer questions on every module in short texts. Your posts will be evaluated according to both quantity and quality. ◇Passing the multiple-choice assessments. Each module features an assessment quiz at its end. It contains 10 questions, and passing the module requires at least 8 out of 10 questions correctly answered. 21. What is the main aim of the course? A. To improve the lives of young people. B. To connect the youth around the world. C. To collect innovative ideas from young people. D. To build up the youth’s global leadership ability. 22. What will participants do in each module? A. Read great works of literature. B. Spend 40-45 hours on learning. C. Make videos for the United Nations. D. Have online meetings with UN experts. 23. To get a course certificate, a participant needs to ______. A. take part in the discussions B. post questions on each module C. copy the PDF version of the content D. answer all the test questions correctly 【答案】21. D 22. D 23. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了联合国训练研究所推出青年领袖在线培训计划，这是一个为期四周的电子学习课程，为参与者提供知识和技能，以充分发挥他们作为全球领导者的潜力。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“a four-week e-Learning course, to provide participants with the knowledge and skills to fully unfold their potential as global leaders. (为期四周的在线学习课程，为参与者提供知识和技能，以充分发挥他们作为全球领导者的潜力。)”可知，该课程的主要目标是培养青少年的全球领导能力。故选D。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据◇Live Components下面的“Each e-Learning module will go with a series of live meetings with UN experts. (每个电子学习模块都将伴随与联合国专家的一系列现场会议。)”可知，参与者将在每个模块中与联合国专家举行在线会议。故选D。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据◆COMPLETION REQUIREMENTS(完成要求)中的第二条“◇Participation in the discussion board forums (论坛). (参与讨论板论坛)”可知，为了获得课程证书，参与者需要参与讨论，故选A。 B The sign on the librarian’s desk read: “Readers Wanted for Project Read Aloud.” Sherene stared at it as the librarian stamped the book that she had selected for her weekly reading fare with a return by date. “What is Project Read Aloud?” Sherene asked. “Here’s the brochure about it. There’s a form inside to fill out if you want to become a reader. There is no pay, by the way,” the librarian said with a smile. Sherene walked home. She loved living within walking distance of her town’s public library. She loved to sit in one of the overstuffed reading chairs in the reading room with the smell of books all around her and lose herself in a book. She had moved away after high school and had recently moved back. The library and fond memories of her childhood had drawn her back to this small town. Once home, she sat down to read the brochure, which said, “Project Read Aloud seeks to provide the opportunity of hearing stories read aloud in a comfortable setting.” That is a fine goal, she thought. Sherene filled out the form. She loved reading aloud. When she was a child, she read aloud to her teddy bear. Later, when she grew up and became a teacher, she read aloud to her students many times throughout the day. Since her retirement, she read aloud only to herself and Boots, her cat. It would feel so good to have a human audience once again to share stories with. A couple of days later, Sherene sat in the now empty small theatre in the library, preparing the first story she was going to read. Soon, the audience began to wander in and find their seats. The theatre was half full in half an hour. Sherene stepped to the edge of the stage and introduced herself. She explained the origin of the story, opened the book and began to read. She wove the tale masterfully creating voices for the characters, pausing for emphasis, and taking the listeners into another world. When Sherene read the last words of the story, there was a momentary silence as it all sank into the listeners and then a burst of enthusiastic applause. At that moment, understanding did grow in the town through the sharing of stories. 24. What can we learn about Sherene? A. She used to be a teacher. B. She lived far from the library. C. She liked hearing stories read aloud. D. She was involved in many social activities. 25. Why did Sherene join in Project Read Aloud? A. She wanted to make new friends. B. The project’s goal suited her interest. C. The project brought her extra income. D. She needed to improve her reading ability. 26. Which of the following words can best describe Sherene’s first performance? A. Meaningful and humorous. B. Novel and amusing. C. Impressive and conventional. D. Vivid and absorbing. 【答案】24. A 25. B 26. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述非常喜欢阅读的Sherene加入图书馆举行的“大声朗读计划”，她的朗读十分生动且引人入胜的故事。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中“Later, when she grew up and became a teacher, she read aloud to her students many times throughout the day. Since her retirement, she read aloud only to herself and Boots, her cat.(后来，当她长大成为一名教师时，她整天大声朗读给她的学生听。退休后，她只对自己和她的猫博姿大声朗读)”可知，Sherene过去是一名老师。故选A。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Once home, she sat down to read the brochure, which said, ‘Project Read Aloud seeks to provide the opportunity of hearing stories read aloud in a comfortable setting.’ That is a fine goal, she thought.(回到家后，她坐下来阅读小册子，上面写着：‘大声朗读计划旨在提供机会，让人们在舒适的环境中听到大声朗读的故事。’这是一个很好的目标，她想)”及第六段中“Sherene filled out the form. She loved reading aloud.(Sherene填好了表格。她喜欢大声朗读)”可知，“大声朗读计划”旨在提供机会，让人们在舒适的环境中听到大声朗读的故事，而Sherene喜欢大声朗读，因此这个计划符合她的兴趣，所以她报名加入。故选B。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“She wove the tale masterfully creating voices for the characters, pausing for emphasis, and taking the listeners into another world.(她巧妙地编织了这个故事，为人物创造了声音，为强调而停顿，并将听众带入另一个世界)”及最后一段中“When Sherene read the last words of the story, there was a momentary silence as it all sank into the listeners and then a burst of enthusiastic applause.(当Sherene读到故事的最后几个字时，听众陷入了短暂的沉默，然后爆发出热烈的掌声)”可知，Sherene的朗读非常生动且引人入胜。故选D。 C If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal (白天的) creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling ___27___ with light. The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences — called light pollution — whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. III-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels — and light rhythms — to which many forms of life, including, ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect or life is affected . In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night — dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth, is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost. We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further form the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet (磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings. Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times righter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint including most other creatures ,we do need darkness .Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself. Living in a glare of our making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage — the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night .In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way — the edge of our galaxy arching overhead. 27. According to the passage, human being . A. prefer to live in the darkness B. are used to living in the day light C. were curious about the midnight world D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon 28. What does “it” (Paragraph 1) most probably refer to? A. The night. B. The moon. C. The sky. D. The planet. 29. The writer mentions birds and frogs to . A. provide examples of animal protection B. show how light pollution affects animals C. compare the living habits of both species D. explain why the number of certain species has declined 30. It is implied in the last paragraph that . A. light pollution dose harm to the eyesight of animals B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages C. human beings cannot go to the outer space D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe 【答案】27. B 28. A 29. B 30. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了光污染对于动物和人类的影响，呼吁我们反思我们的行为。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话“Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. (相反，我们是白天活动的生物，眼睛适应在阳光下生活)”可知，人类习惯在白天阳光下生活。故选B。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段划线单词前面的句子“This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: ( 这是一个基本的进化事实，尽管我们大多数人并不认为自己是白天活动的生物。然而，这是解释我们对夜晚所做的一切的唯一方式)”可推知，人类是白天活动的生物，所以我们设计了光，让光充满夜空，所以it指代前文中的night。故选A。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一段“Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect or life is affected.(只要人类的光线进入自然世界，就会影响某些方面或生命)”，第四段最后一句话“Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings. (鸟类在夜间迁徙时，往往会与灯火通明的高层建筑发生碰撞)”以及倒数第二段第一句话“Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times righter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint including most other creatures, we do need darkness.(生活在灯火通明的高速公路附近的青蛙夜间受到的光线强度比正常情况高出一百万倍，几乎使它们的行为各方面都失去了协调，包括大多数其他生物，我们确实需要黑暗)”可推知，作者提到鸟类和青蛙来说明光污染是如何影响动物的。故选B。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Living in a glare of our making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy arching overhead.(生活在一片耀眼的星光中，我们将自己与我们的进化和文化遗产——星光和昼夜节奏——隔绝开来。在一个非常真实的意义上，光污染导致我们看不到我们在宇宙中的真实位置，忘记了我们存在的尺度，这恰好是根据银河系边缘拱起头顶的深夜的尺寸来衡量的)”可推知，最后一段暗示人类应该反思自己在宇宙中的地位。故选D。 D A few years ago, the City Council of Monza, Italy, barred pet owners from keeping goldfish in curved fishbowls. The sponsors of the measure explained that it is cruel to keep a fish in such a bowl because the curved sides give the fish a distorted view of reality. Aside from the measure’s significance to the poor goldfish, the story raises an interesting philosophical question: How do we know that the reality we perceive is true? Physicists are finding themselves in a similar trouble to the goldfish’s. For decades they have been pursuing an ultimate theory of everything—one complete and consistent set of fundamental laws of nature that explain every aspect of reality. It now appears that this pursuit may generate not a single theory but a family of interconnected theories, each describing its own version of reality, as if it viewed the universe through its own fishbowl. This concept may be difficult for many people to accept. Most people believe that there is an objective reality out there and that our senses and our science directly convey information about the material world. In philosophy, that belief is called realism. In physics, realism is becoming difficult to defend. Instead, the idea of alternative realities is a mainstay of today’s popular culture. For example, in the science-fiction film The Matrix the human race is unknowingly living in a simulated virtual reality created by intelligent computers. How do we know we are not just computer-generated characters living in a Matrix-like world? If — like us — the beings in the simulated world could not observe their universe from the outside, they would have no reason to doubt their own pictures of reality. Similarly, the goldfish’s view is not the same as ours from outside their curved bowl. For instance, because light bends as it travels from air to water, a freely moving object that we would observe to move in a straight line would be observed by the goldfish to move along a curved path. The goldfish could form scientific laws from their frame of reference that would always hold true and that would enable them to make predictions about the future motion of objects outside the bowl. If the goldfish formed such a theory, we would have to admit the goldfish’s view as a reasonable picture of reality. The goldfish example shows that the same physical situation can be modeled in different ways, each employing different fundamental elements and concepts. It might be that to describe the universe we have to employ different theories in different situations. It is not the physicist’s traditional expectation for a theory of nature, nor does it correspond to our everyday idea of reality. But it might be the way of the universe. 31. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A. The need for a complete theory. B. The lasting conflict in physics. C. The existence of the material world. D. The conventional insight of reality. 32. What can we learn from the passage? A. Nature’s mysteries are best left undiscovered. B. An external world is independent of the observers. C. People’s theories are influenced by their viewpoints. D. It is essential to figure out which picture of reality is better. 33. According to the passage, the author may agree that ________. A. various interpretations of the universe are welcomed B. physicists have a favorite candidate for the final theory C. multiple realities can be pieced together to show the real world D. there is still possibility to unify different theories into a single one 【答案】31. D 32. C 33. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。以意大利蒙扎市禁止用弧形鱼缸养金鱼的政策为切入点，探讨了“我们感知的现实是否为客观真实”的哲学与物理学问题，提出不同视角下可能存在多元现实的观点。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Most people believe that there is an objective reality out there and that our senses and our science directly convey information about the material world. In philosophy, that belief is called realism. (大多数人相信客观现实存在，我们的感官和科学能直接传递物质世界的信息。在哲学中，这种信念被称为实在论)”可知，该段主要介绍了关于“现实”的传统认知(即实在论)。故选D项。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“For instance, because light bends as it travels from air to water, a freely moving object that we would observe to move in a straight line would be observed by the goldfish to move along a curved path. (例如，由于光从空气进入水中会发生折射，我们观察到沿直线运动的物体，在金鱼眼中会沿曲线运动)”以及“The goldfish could form scientific laws from their frame of reference (金鱼可以从它们的参照系中总结科学规律)”可知，不同视角会影响人们构建的理论。故选C项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“It now appears that this pursuit may generate not a single theory but a family of interconnected theories, each describing its own version of reality, as if it viewed the universe through its own fishbowl. (现在看来，这种追求可能产生的不是一个单一的理论，而是一系列相互关联的理论，每一个理论都描述它自己版本的真实，就好像每一种理论都透过它自己的鱼缸来看宇宙)”、最后一段“The goldfish example shows that the same physical situation can be modeled in different ways, each employing different fundamental elements and concepts. It might be that to describe the universe we have to employ different theories in different situations. (金鱼的例子表明，同一个物理情境可以用不同的方式建模，每一种方式都使用不同的基本元素和概念。也许要描述宇宙，我们必须在不同情境中使用不同的理论)”以及通读全文可知，作者承认目前物理学界存在“多重现实”的理论视角，以“鱼缸”为隐喻，指出同一物理情境可用不同方式建模，暗示多种理论并存的现实。说明作者认可对宇宙的多种解读。故选A项。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Adults are often embarrassed about asking for aid. It’s an act that can make people feel emotionally unsafe.____34____Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence. New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school, even when they need it, for the same reason. Until recently, psychologists assumed that children did not start to care about their reputation and their friends’ thoughts about them until around age nine. But our research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin to connect asking for help with looking incompetent in front of others. At some point, every child struggles in the classroom.____35____ To learn more about how children think about reputation, we created simple stories and then asked children questions about these situations to allow kids to showcase their thinking. Across several studies, we asked 576 children, ages four to nine, to predict the behavior of two kids in a story. One of the characters genuinely wanted to be smart, and the other merely wanted to seem smart to others. In one study, we told children that both kids did poorly on a test.____36____The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose either of the two kids as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought that the kid who wanted to seem smart would be less likely to ask for assistance. And children’s expectations were truly “reputational” in nature-they were specifically thinking about how the characters would act in front of others. When assistance could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it. ____37____Teachers could give children more opportunities to seek assistance privately. They should also help students realize asking questions in front of others as normal, positive behavior. ____38____Parents could point out how a child’s question kicked off a valuable conversation in which the entire family got to talk and learn together. Adults could praise kids for seeking assistance. These responses send a strong signal that other people value a willingness to ask for aid and that seeking help is part of a path to success. A. Kids could be afraid to ask their parents for help. B. Seeking help could even be taught as socially desirable. C. In another study we told them that only one kid did poorly. D. Such reputational barriers likely require reputation-based solutions. E. The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal that you are lost. F. But if they are afraid to ask for help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer. G. We then asked which of these characters would be more likely to raise their hand in front of their class to ask the teacher for help. 【答案】34. E 35. F 36. G 37. D 38. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。给读者提供建议，如何解决孩子因为害怕在他人面前呈现自己的无能而不愿提问寻求帮助这一问题。 【34题详解】 上文“Adults are often embarrassed about asking for aid. It’s an act that can make people feel emotionally unsafe. (成年人在寻求援助时常常感到尴尬。这是一种会让人们感到情绪不安全的行为。)”指出，成年人不愿意寻求帮助，是因为会让他们感到情绪不安全。下文“Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence. (寻求帮助可能会让人觉得你在散播自己的无能。)”指出，寻求帮助会让人觉得你无能。选项E“The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal that you are lost. (毕竟，当你问路的那一刻，你就表明你迷路了。)”延续上文，以问路表明自己的迷路这一例子呈现出为什么会让人感到情绪不安全，也呈现出下文所说的表明了“你”的无能，故符合语境。故选E项。 【35题详解】 上文“But our research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin to connect asking for help with looking incompetent in front of others. At some point, every child struggles in the classroom. (但我们的研究表明，早在七岁时，孩子们就开始将寻求帮助与在他人面前看起来无能联系起来。在某些时候，每个孩子都在教室里挣扎。)”指出，孩童也会讲寻求帮助和让他人觉得自己无能联系起来。选项F“But if they are afraid to ask for help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer. (但是，如果他们因为同学在看而不敢寻求帮助，学习就会受到影响。)”进一步指出，如果孩子因为害怕呈现出自己的无能而不寻求帮助，这会带来不良影响。故选F项。 【36题详解】 上文“In one study, we told children that both kids did poorly on a test. (在一项研究中，我们告诉孩子们，两个孩子在测试中都表现不佳。)”指出，在一个研究中，参与者得知了有两个孩子在测试中表现不佳这一情况。选项G“We then asked which of these characters would be more likely to raise their hand in front of their class to ask the teacher for help. (然后，我们问这些角色中哪一个更有可能在课堂前举手向老师寻求帮助。)”延续上文，继续指出这个研究的下一个动作为：判断这两个孩子谁更有可能寻求老实的帮助。故选G项。 【37题详解】 下文“Teachers could give children more opportunities to seek assistance privately. (教师可以给孩子们更多的机会私下寻求帮助。)”指出，教师应该多私下提供机会帮助孩子们。选项D“Such reputational barriers likely require reputation-based solutions. (此类声誉障碍可能需要基于声誉的解决方案。)”指出，这类问题的解决需要一些特定的方案，下文是对这一表述的具体建议之一，故此句符合该语境要求。故选D项。 【38题详解】 上文“They should also help students realize asking questions in front of others as normal, positive behavior. (他们还应该帮助学生认识到在别人面前提问是一种正常的、积极的行为。)”指出，要教育学生认识到在他人面前提问是正常的行为。选项B“Seeking help could even be taught as socially desirable. (寻求帮助甚至可以被认为是社会所需要的。)”指出寻求帮助是这会所需要的，这进一步佐证上文观点，让“在他人面前提问是正常积极的行为”这一观点根据可信度，符合语境。故选B项。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Smartphones have become a big part of people’s lives. When we temporarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling of anxiety or panic. Some psychologists have called it “nomophobia”. Thankfully, I rode through the withdrawal of my smartphone and it was short-lived. When I got my first smartphone over a decade ago, I loved it. It gave me instant access to my music, a world of information and thousands of photos and videos. But over time, I became increasingly ambivalent about its role in my life. I would repeatedly refresh my email, shop online for stuff I didn’t need and constantly scroll through the latest news. I’d often complain to my husband and to my seven-year-old son, Louis, that I felt trapped by it. Then, one day last summer, while I was playing with Louis, I was once again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me of my complaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mommy, just give it up already!” I decided to try. Instead of going cold turkey — no cellphone at all — I bought a flip phone. With no touch screen, texting is time-consuming. Once, while trying to catch up on texts with a friend, I finally got frustrated and called her. I realized I hadn’t spoken to her since her big move. It made a difference to hear both the excitement in her voice as she described seeing the northern lights and her sadness in being away from a sick parent. Nowadays, people may prefer text-based communication over using the phone because they fear that the call will be awkward. But, just as I learned, when we were forced to connect voice to voice, we would find ourselves more bonded to that person. Wuyou Sui, an expert researching digital health, describes nomophobia as a reliance that’s been placed upon us. “Whenever something is designed to make a choice easier, it’s called a behavioural nudge,” he explains, adding that the more central to our lives the smartphone’s functions are, the more prisoned we become. Ultimately, though, that sense of dependence is false. As I’ve found, you can do all the things you need to do in other ways. It’s not always convenient, but I know I’m much calmer on a regular basis without my smartphone. 39. What does “nomophobia” refer to? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 40. Why did the author decide to give up her smartphone? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Apart from the ways mentioned in the passage, what can you do to avoid “nomophobia”? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】39. It refers to a feeling of anxiety or panic that we have when we temporarily can’t find our smartphones. 40. Because she felt trapped by her smartphone and her son asked her to give it up. 41. ▶According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone. According to the author, we will find ourselves more bonded to the friend when talking with him/her on the phone. 42. To avoid nomophobia, one can consider taking regular breaks from technology and engaging in offline activities. Besides, you can turn off your phone or leave it at home when you don’t need it, and focusing on the people and things around you. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章说明了什么是“无手机恐惧症”以及作者因为感觉被智能手机困住，而听从儿子的建议，戒掉了手机的经历。 【39题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“When we temporarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling of anxiety or panic. Some psychologists have called it “nomophobia”.(当我们暂时找不到它们时，就会产生焦虑或恐慌的感觉。一些心理学家称之为“无手机恐惧症”)”可知，“无手机恐惧症”指的是我们暂时找不到智能手机时产生的焦虑或恐慌感。故答案为It refers to a feeling of anxiety or panic that we have when we temporarily can’t find our smartphones. 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“I’d often complain to my husband and to my seven-year-old son, Louis, that I felt trapped by it. (我经常向我的丈夫和我七岁的儿子路易斯抱怨，我觉得自己被它困住了。)”和第三段“Then, one day last summer, while I was playing with Louis, I was once again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me of my complaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mommy, just give it up already!”(然后，去年夏天的一天，当我和路易斯一起玩的时候，我又一次被叮叮当当的声音分散了注意力。他终于提醒了我我的抱怨，但他用恳求的语气说：“妈妈，快放弃吧!”)”可知，作者决定放弃她的智能手机是因为她觉得自己被智能手机困住了，儿子让她放弃。故答案为Because she felt trapped by her smartphone and her son asked her to give it up. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段“But, just as I learned, when we were forced to connect voice to voice, we would find ourselves more bonded to that person.(但是，正如我所学到的，当我们被迫通过声音与声音进行交流时，我们会发现自己与那个人的联系更加紧密)”可知，错误的部分是“we will find it awkward”，根据作者的说法，当我们和朋友打电话时，我们会发现自己和他/她更亲近。故答案为▶According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone. According to the author, we will find ourselves more bonded to the friend when talking with him/her on the phone. 【42题详解】 考查开放答题。根据“除了文中提到的方法，你能做些什么来避免‘无手机恐惧症’？”可知，为了避免“无手机恐惧症”，人们可以考虑定期远离科技产品，参加线下活动。此外，当你不需要手机的时候，你可以关掉手机或把它放在家里，把注意力集中在你周围的人和事上。故答案为To avoid nomophobia, one can consider taking regular breaks from technology and engaging in offline activities. Besides, you can turn off your phone or leave it at home when you don’t need it, and focusing on the people and things around you. 第二节 应用文写作（20分） 43. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校英语戏剧社将举办“中外经典短剧英语演绎”线上展演与评选活动。作为活动负责人，请你用英文给外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任评委，内容包括： 1. 活动介绍； 2. 评委职责。 注意： 1．词数 100 左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】范文： Dear Jim, I am writing on behalf of the school’s English Drama Club to sincerely invite you to be a judge for our upcoming event — the “Chinese and Foreign Classic Short Plays English Performance” online showcase and competition. The event aims to help students appreciate world classics. Participants will choose a short scene from a well-known Chinese or foreign play, perform it in English, and submit a recorded video. As a judge, you are expected to score each performance, and then you are asked to write a short comment for the top three groups, pointing out their strengths. Thank you for considering this invitation. I look forward to your positive reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达是邀请信，要求考生就“中外经典短剧英语演绎”线上展演与评选活动，用英文给外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任评委。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 即将到来的：upcoming → forthcoming 欣赏：appreciate → admire 选择：choose→ select 提交：submit → send in 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：The event aims to help students appreciate world classics. 拓展句：The event is intended to help students gain a better understanding of world classics. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I am writing on behalf of the school’s English Drama Club to sincerely invite you to be a judge for our upcoming event — the “Chinese and Foreign Classic Short Plays English Performance” online showcase and competition. (运用了动词不定式作目的状语) 【高分句型2】As a judge, you are expected to score each performance, and then you are asked to write a short comment for the top three groups, pointing out their strengths. (运用了现在分词作伴随状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年第二学期24 0.5+3英语期中考试 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30 分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Rudy, my dog, is 13 (95 dog years). I ____1____ that he won’t make it to his 14th birthday. The day he dies will be painful, for Rudy and I have a special ____2____. I still remember the day we met the dog. While all his siblings stayed close to their mother, one skinny puppy was left unattended. Believing in our abundance of love to ____3____, I decided to bring him home, although my wife and kids all had their eye on another lively puppy. The dog reminded me of the movie hero, who on determination alone willed his way onto his ideal football team: Rudy. So we ____4____ him that. The past two years have been ____5____ for Rudy. He is completely deaf and blind. But true to his namesake, his heart is strong, with no sign of a heart disease that often burdens his breed (品种) as they ____6____. He barks after dusk, when he tends to become more disoriented (迷路的). Our vet suggested someone hug him every night before bedtime, as a familiar scent and touch would help reorient him. ____7____, this ritual fell to me as I spent the most time with him. After dinner my dog and I often sit together. I play songs with him beside me, hoping these songs won’t be impossible to enjoy when he is gone. Strangely, this ____8____ has calmed me as much as it has calmed Rudy, reminding me whether life is long or short, all anyone possesses is the ____9____, and all that matters is what is done in it. In that precious moment, he is simply bathed in love. For me, it’s a reminder that the secret of life is the choosing to give and receive love, in every moment. Rudy needed me more when he was young, but as we both grow old, we need each other ____10____. 1. A. claim B. fear C. regret D. promise 2. A. connection B. deal C. secret D. mission 3. A. return B. seek C. keep D. give 4. A. taught B. offered C. named D. showed 5. A. tough B. pleasant C. important D. unfair 6. A. age B. play C. sleep D. change 7. A. Hopefully B. Naturally C. Surprisingly D. Interestingly 8. A. suggestion B. cooperation C. routine D. reaction 9. A. future B. growth C. youth D. present 10. A. firmly B. occasionally C. equally D. eventually 第二节 语法填空（共 10 题；每小题 1.5 分, 共 15 分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 My name is Barbara and I work at a department store. I ____11____(work) there for one year when another Barbara joined the staff. Then I changed my name tag from “Barb” to “Barbie”. ____12____made me feel funny was how small kids talked about me. “Is she really Barbie?” they asked. I changed it at my other job, too and began answering the phone, “This is Barbie. How can I help you?” The callers have gotten used to that over time, ninety percent of ____13____now respond with my name: “Barbie, can you tell me.” Pronouncing that long “e” sound forces your mouth into a smile, but I have found the smile is usually returned voluntarily. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It’s said that for the Englishman, his house is his castle. However, this does not mean that his house is a beautiful palace that others ____14____ (invite) to see. For the British, the home is a place to protect oneself from the outside world. It’s a private place in which he goes to hide away ____15____ the troubles of life. To the American, the home is an expression of ____16____ (he). Much money is often spent on each and every room ____17____ (create) the right “feel” according to the person’s lifestyle. Therefore, he is happy to show his house to others. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Smoke jumpers are firefighters, trained to fight fires in places that fire engines can’t reach. They travel in small planes and, ____18____(use) a parachute, jump into remote wild areas to fight fires. Smoke jumpers have to respond quickly. While a fire is still small, the pilot ____19____(drop) team members into the area as needed. Their first job may be to build a fire line to stop the fire from spreading. Water is sent down to them. Smoke jumpers must be ____20____(high) trained, very experienced and extremely fit. Their job is very dangerous. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38 分） 第一节（共 14 题；每小题 2 分, 共 28 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Connected to each other like never before, young people today are becoming agents of change, increasingly contributing to innovative solutions that improve people’s lives and the planet’s health. The United Nations Institute for Training and Research is therefore delighted to launch the Young Leaders Online Training Programme, a four-week e-Learning course, to provide participants with the knowledge and skills to fully unfold their potential as global leaders. ◆CONTENT ◇Online Learning Modules Module 1: The United Nations (3-9 June 2024) Module 2: Conference Diplomacy (外交) (10-16 June 2024) Module 3: Sustainable Development Goals (17-23 June 2024) Module 4: International Communication (24-30 June 2024) Each module will comprise about 30 pages of literature, external links, videos, and other relevant material, corresponding to a total workload of 40-45 hours during the four weeks. ◇Live Components Each e-Learning module will go with a series of live meetings with UN experts. These will have varying lengths and formats, including e-workshops, mock (模拟的) interviews, etc. ◆COMPLETION REQUIREMENTS Participants are qualified for a course certificate upon successful completion of the components below: ◇Reading the four modules’ content. You may wish to study the material through the interactive programme Articulate Storyline or simply download the PDF version of the content. They are identical in content and are meant to give participants flexibility in the way to study. ◇Participation in the discussion board forums (论坛). You are supposed to answer questions on every module in short texts. Your posts will be evaluated according to both quantity and quality. ◇Passing the multiple-choice assessments. Each module features an assessment quiz at its end. It contains 10 questions, and passing the module requires at least 8 out of 10 questions correctly answered. 21. What is the main aim of the course? A. To improve the lives of young people. B. To connect the youth around the world. C. To collect innovative ideas from young people. D. To build up the youth’s global leadership ability. 22. What will participants do in each module? A. Read great works of literature. B. Spend 40-45 hours on learning. C. Make videos for the United Nations. D. Have online meetings with UN experts. 23. To get a course certificate, a participant needs to ______. A. take part in the discussions B. post questions on each module C. copy the PDF version of the content D. answer all the test questions correctly B The sign on the librarian’s desk read: “Readers Wanted for Project Read Aloud.” Sherene stared at it as the librarian stamped the book that she had selected for her weekly reading fare with a return by date. “What is Project Read Aloud?” Sherene asked. “Here’s the brochure about it. There’s a form inside to fill out if you want to become a reader. There is no pay, by the way,” the librarian said with a smile. Sherene walked home. She loved living within walking distance of her town’s public library. She loved to sit in one of the overstuffed reading chairs in the reading room with the smell of books all around her and lose herself in a book. She had moved away after high school and had recently moved back. The library and fond memories of her childhood had drawn her back to this small town. Once home, she sat down to read the brochure, which said, “Project Read Aloud seeks to provide the opportunity of hearing stories read aloud in a comfortable setting.” That is a fine goal, she thought. Sherene filled out the form. She loved reading aloud. When she was a child, she read aloud to her teddy bear. Later, when she grew up and became a teacher, she read aloud to her students many times throughout the day. Since her retirement, she read aloud only to herself and Boots, her cat. It would feel so good to have a human audience once again to share stories with. A couple of days later, Sherene sat in the now empty small theatre in the library, preparing the first story she was going to read. Soon, the audience began to wander in and find their seats. The theatre was half full in half an hour. Sherene stepped to the edge of the stage and introduced herself. She explained the origin of the story, opened the book and began to read. She wove the tale masterfully creating voices for the characters, pausing for emphasis, and taking the listeners into another world. When Sherene read the last words of the story, there was a momentary silence as it all sank into the listeners and then a burst of enthusiastic applause. At that moment, understanding did grow in the town through the sharing of stories. 24. What can we learn about Sherene? A. She used to be a teacher. B. She lived far from the library. C. She liked hearing stories read aloud. D. She was involved in many social activities. 25. Why did Sherene join in Project Read Aloud? A. She wanted to make new friends. B. The project’s goal suited her interest. C. The project brought her extra income. D. She needed to improve her reading ability. 26. Which of the following words can best describe Sherene’s first performance? A. Meaningful and humorous. B. Novel and amusing. C. Impressive and conventional. D. Vivid and absorbing. C If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal (白天的) creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling ___27___ with light. The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences — called light pollution — whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. III-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels — and light rhythms — to which many forms of life, including, ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect or life is affected . In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night — dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth, is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost. We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further form the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet (磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings. Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times righter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint including most other creatures ,we do need darkness .Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself. Living in a glare of our making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage — the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night .In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way — the edge of our galaxy arching overhead. 27. According to the passage, human being . A. prefer to live in the darkness B. are used to living in the day light C. were curious about the midnight world D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon 28. What does “it” (Paragraph 1) most probably refer to? A. The night. B. The moon. C. The sky. D. The planet. 29. The writer mentions birds and frogs to . A. provide examples of animal protection B. show how light pollution affects animals C. compare the living habits of both species D. explain why the number of certain species has declined 30. It is implied in the last paragraph that . A. light pollution dose harm to the eyesight of animals B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages C. human beings cannot go to the outer space D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe D A few years ago, the City Council of Monza, Italy, barred pet owners from keeping goldfish in curved fishbowls. The sponsors of the measure explained that it is cruel to keep a fish in such a bowl because the curved sides give the fish a distorted view of reality. Aside from the measure’s significance to the poor goldfish, the story raises an interesting philosophical question: How do we know that the reality we perceive is true? Physicists are finding themselves in a similar trouble to the goldfish’s. For decades they have been pursuing an ultimate theory of everything—one complete and consistent set of fundamental laws of nature that explain every aspect of reality. It now appears that this pursuit may generate not a single theory but a family of interconnected theories, each describing its own version of reality, as if it viewed the universe through its own fishbowl. This concept may be difficult for many people to accept. Most people believe that there is an objective reality out there and that our senses and our science directly convey information about the material world. In philosophy, that belief is called realism. In physics, realism is becoming difficult to defend. Instead, the idea of alternative realities is a mainstay of today’s popular culture. For example, in the science-fiction film The Matrix the human race is unknowingly living in a simulated virtual reality created by intelligent computers. How do we know we are not just computer-generated characters living in a Matrix-like world? If — like us — the beings in the simulated world could not observe their universe from the outside, they would have no reason to doubt their own pictures of reality. Similarly, the goldfish’s view is not the same as ours from outside their curved bowl. For instance, because light bends as it travels from air to water, a freely moving object that we would observe to move in a straight line would be observed by the goldfish to move along a curved path. The goldfish could form scientific laws from their frame of reference that would always hold true and that would enable them to make predictions about the future motion of objects outside the bowl. If the goldfish formed such a theory, we would have to admit the goldfish’s view as a reasonable picture of reality. The goldfish example shows that the same physical situation can be modeled in different ways, each employing different fundamental elements and concepts. It might be that to describe the universe we have to employ different theories in different situations. It is not the physicist’s traditional expectation for a theory of nature, nor does it correspond to our everyday idea of reality. But it might be the way of the universe. 31. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A. The need for a complete theory. B. The lasting conflict in physics. C. The existence of the material world. D. The conventional insight of reality. 32. What can we learn from the passage? A. Nature’s mysteries are best left undiscovered. B. An external world is independent of the observers. C. People’s theories are influenced by their viewpoints. D. It is essential to figure out which picture of reality is better. 33. According to the passage, the author may agree that ________. A. various interpretations of the universe are welcomed B. physicists have a favorite candidate for the final theory C. multiple realities can be pieced together to show the real world D. there is still possibility to unify different theories into a single one 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Adults are often embarrassed about asking for aid. It’s an act that can make people feel emotionally unsafe.____34____Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence. New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school, even when they need it, for the same reason. Until recently, psychologists assumed that children did not start to care about their reputation and their friends’ thoughts about them until around age nine. But our research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin to connect asking for help with looking incompetent in front of others. At some point, every child struggles in the classroom.____35____ To learn more about how children think about reputation, we created simple stories and then asked children questions about these situations to allow kids to showcase their thinking. Across several studies, we asked 576 children, ages four to nine, to predict the behavior of two kids in a story. One of the characters genuinely wanted to be smart, and the other merely wanted to seem smart to others. In one study, we told children that both kids did poorly on a test.____36____The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose either of the two kids as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought that the kid who wanted to seem smart would be less likely to ask for assistance. And children’s expectations were truly “reputational” in nature-they were specifically thinking about how the characters would act in front of others. When assistance could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it. ____37____Teachers could give children more opportunities to seek assistance privately. They should also help students realize asking questions in front of others as normal, positive behavior. ____38____Parents could point out how a child’s question kicked off a valuable conversation in which the entire family got to talk and learn together. Adults could praise kids for seeking assistance. These responses send a strong signal that other people value a willingness to ask for aid and that seeking help is part of a path to success. A. Kids could be afraid to ask their parents for help. B. Seeking help could even be taught as socially desirable. C. In another study we told them that only one kid did poorly. D. Such reputational barriers likely require reputation-based solutions. E. The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal that you are lost. F. But if they are afraid to ask for help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer. G. We then asked which of these characters would be more likely to raise their hand in front of their class to ask the teacher for help. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Smartphones have become a big part of people’s lives. When we temporarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling of anxiety or panic. Some psychologists have called it “nomophobia”. Thankfully, I rode through the withdrawal of my smartphone and it was short-lived. When I got my first smartphone over a decade ago, I loved it. It gave me instant access to my music, a world of information and thousands of photos and videos. But over time, I became increasingly ambivalent about its role in my life. I would repeatedly refresh my email, shop online for stuff I didn’t need and constantly scroll through the latest news. I’d often complain to my husband and to my seven-year-old son, Louis, that I felt trapped by it. Then, one day last summer, while I was playing with Louis, I was once again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me of my complaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mommy, just give it up already!” I decided to try. Instead of going cold turkey — no cellphone at all — I bought a flip phone. With no touch screen, texting is time-consuming. Once, while trying to catch up on texts with a friend, I finally got frustrated and called her. I realized I hadn’t spoken to her since her big move. It made a difference to hear both the excitement in her voice as she described seeing the northern lights and her sadness in being away from a sick parent. Nowadays, people may prefer text-based communication over using the phone because they fear that the call will be awkward. But, just as I learned, when we were forced to connect voice to voice, we would find ourselves more bonded to that person. Wuyou Sui, an expert researching digital health, describes nomophobia as a reliance that’s been placed upon us. “Whenever something is designed to make a choice easier, it’s called a behavioural nudge,” he explains, adding that the more central to our lives the smartphone’s functions are, the more prisoned we become. Ultimately, though, that sense of dependence is false. As I’ve found, you can do all the things you need to do in other ways. It’s not always convenient, but I know I’m much calmer on a regular basis without my smartphone. 39. What does “nomophobia” refer to? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 40. Why did the author decide to give up her smartphone? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Apart from the ways mentioned in the passage, what can you do to avoid “nomophobia”? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 应用文写作（20分） 43. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校英语戏剧社将举办“中外经典短剧英语演绎”线上展演与评选活动。作为活动负责人，请你用英文给外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任评委，内容包括： 1. 活动介绍； 2. 评委职责。 注意： 1．词数 100 左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $