精品解析：北京市某重点校2025-2026学年高二年级下学期期中考试英语试题

2025-2026学年度第二学期高二英语期中试卷 本场考试笔试部分共90分钟，满分100分。请将选择题的答案按照题号填涂在答题卡上，请将非选择题的答案填写在答题纸指定位置。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 Sometimes the world gives us a small sign of encouragement, right when we need it the most. Murphy lost her parents in her early 20s. Two years ago, she was ____1____ with finding happiness in her career. During walks on the beach she would talk to her parents in her head, seeking guidance about her career choices. “Since they weren’t with me ____2____ , I would ask for little signs in the form of heart-shaped rocks. When I would find one, I would feel connected to something outside of myself.” These small ____3____ made her feel like she wasn’t alone. Once, during a trip, Murphy was moved by the way tiny courtesies like a smile made her feel more ____4____ in an unfamiliar country. She came back with—the understanding that small acts of kindness could have a big ____5____ . One day, while walking on the beach, she suddenly came up with an idea of writing some encouraging messages on rocks. So she did it. She soon learned her small action was already making ripples (涟漪). That night a friend texted her a picture of a rock and said, “Was this you?” She had ____6____ Murphy because she knew Murphy walked along that same beach. Murphy was ____7____ by the way her friend said finding that rock had made her day. Murphy became hooked on the idea that she could spread happiness through something as ____8____ as a rock with a message on it. She started leaving rocks in other places. With these rocks, she left a small sign encouraging others to leave a kindness rock somewhere else—“One rock, one person.” Murphy explains. “If a message ____9____ a person at the right time, or they join, it’s like a huge _____10_____ . It’ what our world needs right now.” 1. A. meeting B. struggling C. living D. engaging 2. A. mentally B. regularly C. physically D. temporarily 3. A. treasures B. incidents C. products D. tasks 4. A. awkward B. interested C. sensitive D. comfortable 5. A. success B. impact C. ambition D. purpose 6. A. suspected B. spotted C. favoured D. supported 7. A. reminded B. puzzled C. touched D. honored 8. A. rough B. basic C. hard D. simple 9. A. holds B. surprises C. warns D. hits 10. A. variety B. challenge C. connection D. satisfaction 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，20出头就失去父母的墨菲通过在石头上写激励人心的话语传播快乐的故事。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：两年前，她还在努力寻找事业上的幸福。A. meeting遇见；B. struggling努力；C. living生活；D. engaging从事。由下文的“During walks on the beach she would talk to her parents in her head, seeking guidance about her career choices.”可知，虽双亲去世，但墨菲会在脑海中向父母寻求职业选择上的指导，说明墨菲正在努力寻找适合自己的职业，寻求事业上的幸福。故选B项。 【2题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因为他们不在我身边，所以我会要求一些心形岩石的小标志。A. mentally精神上；B. regularly定期地；C. physically身体上；D. temporarily暂时地。由上文的“Murphy lost her parents in her early 20s.”可知，墨菲20出头就失去了父母，因此父母已经不在世，不可能陪伴在墨菲身边。故选C项。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些小宝贝让她觉得自己并不孤单。A. treasures珍宝；B. incidents事情；C. products产品；D. tasks任务。由上文的“When I would find one, I would feel connected to something outside of myself.”和下文的“made her feel like she wasn’t alone”可知，能让20出头就失去父母的墨菲觉得自己与外界有某种联系、并不孤单的东西，对她而言，应该是宝贝。故选A项。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一次，在一次旅行中，墨菲被微笑这样的礼貌让她在一个陌生的国家感到更舒服的方式所感动。A. awkward尴尬的；B. interested感兴趣的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. comfortable舒服的。由上文的“Once, during a trip, Murphy was moved by the way tiny courtesies like a smile”和下文的“in an unfamiliar country”可知，旅游时，身处异国他乡，对一切感到陌生，一个微笑就能让人如沐春风，感到舒适。故选D项。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她回来时明白，小小的善举可能会产生巨大的影响。A. success成功；B. impact影响；C. ambition志向；D. purpose目的。由上文语境和上文的“small acts of kindness”可知，旅游时，墨菲身处异国他乡，对一切感到陌生，一个微笑让她在一个陌生的国家感到更舒服，所以她认为小小的善举可能会产生巨大的影响。故选B项。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她怀疑墨菲，因为她知道墨菲是沿着同一个海滩走的。A. suspected怀疑；B. spotted发现；C. favoured有助于；D. supported支持。由上文的“she suddenly came up with an idea of writing some encouraging messages on rocks”，“her small action was already making ripples”和“That night a friend texted her a picture of a rock and said, “Was this you?””和下文的“because she knew Murphy walked along that same beach”可知，墨菲在岩石上写了一些鼓励信息的行为，她的行为已经引起了轩然大波，因为朋友知道墨菲是沿着同一个海滩走的，所以怀疑是不是墨菲做的，才会问 “是你吗？”故选A项。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因她的朋友说发现那块石头让她开心，墨菲被感动了。A. reminded提醒；B. puzzled使困惑；C. touched感动；D. honored尊敬。由下文的“her friend said finding that rock had made her day”可知，墨菲在岩石上写了一些鼓励信息的善行，让朋友开心，墨菲应该是因这样的小善行对他人产生了积极的影响而被感动了。故选C项。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：墨菲迷上了这样一个想法：她可以通过在一块石头这样普通的东西上，写着一条信息来传播快乐。A. rough粗糙的；B. basic基本的；C. hard困难的；D. simple简单的、普通的。由下文的“a rock”可知，石头是很普通、随处可见的东西。故选D项。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果一条信息在正确的时间击中一个人，或者人们感同身受，这就像一个巨大的联系。A. holds持有；B. surprises使惊讶；C. warns警告；D. hits击中、碰撞。由上文语境和下文的“they join”可知，朋友因墨菲在岩石上写的鼓励信息而开心，认可墨菲的鼓励性话语，感同身受，说明信息在正确的时间击中一个人，即这个人理解了这条信息包含的东西。故选D项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果一条信息在正确的时间击中一个人，或者人们感同身受，这就像一个巨大的联系。A. variety种类；B. challenge挑战；C. connection联系；D. satisfaction满意。由上文语境和上文的“they join”可知，朋友因墨菲在岩石上写的鼓励信息而开心，认可墨菲的鼓励性话语，感同身受，说明信息让不同的人产生了情感上的联系。故选C项。 第二节 语法填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 For centuries, humans ____11____ (seek) to understand the world around them. This journey of discovery has accelerated in modern times, especially after we realized ____12____ interconnected and complex global systems are. Geography now relies not just on maps, but on detailed data ____13____ (analyze). Researchers often focus on specific locations ____14____ human activity and the natural environment interact most intensely. 【答案】11. have sought 12. how 13. analysis 14. where 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了人类几个世纪以来对世界的探索历程。 【11题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：数个世纪以来，人类一直致力于探索认知周遭世界。根据时间状语“For centuries”可知，此处为现在完成时，主语为humans，助动词用have。 【12题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：这段探索之旅在近代步伐大幅加快，尤其是在我们意识到全球体系彼此关联、结构错综复杂之后。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，需用连接副词how引导。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：如今地理学研究不再只依托地图，还会借助详尽的数据分析。空处作宾语，需填名词analysis。 【14题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：科研人员通常聚焦于人类活动与自然环境交融互动最为剧烈的特定区域。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词locations，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The process of adapting a novel into a film is an art. Many classic books ____15____ (turn) into movies long before today’s directors were born. A faithful adaptation requires the director to have the original story’s essence ____16____ (understand) and respected. Success lies in ____17____ (capture) the spirit, not just the plot, of the source material. 【答案】15. had been turned 16. understood 17. capturing 【解析】 【导语】本文探讨了将小说改编成电影是一门艺术。 【15题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：许多经典著作早在如今的导演出生之前就已被改编成影片。turn into发生在were born之前，表示“过去的过去”，使用过去完成时，且many classic books和turn into为被动关系，所以谓语动词为had been turned。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：忠于原著的改编，需要导演领会并尊重原作的精髓。此处为固定结构“have+宾语+宾补”，宾语“the original story’s essence”与“understand”为被动关系，空处需填过去分词understood作宾语补足语。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：成功在于抓住原作的内核精髓，而非仅仅照搬故事情节。介词in后面接动名词capturing作宾语。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The primary goal of wildlife conservation is ____18____ (protect) not only endangered species but also their rapidly shrinking natural habitats. Through dedicated monitoring programs, researchers have recently observed promising growth in several key animal ____19____ (population). However, it is widely argued that short-term economic development should never be pursued ____20____ the expense of long-term ecological balance, upon which our collective future depends. 【答案】18. to protect 19. populations 20. at 【解析】 【导语】文章指出野生动物保护的主要目标是保护濒危物种及其栖息地，并强调不应以牺牲长期生态平衡为代价追求短期经济发展。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：野生动物保护的主要目标不仅是保护濒危物种，还要保护它们迅速缩减的自然栖息地。系动词is后表语说明主语goal的具体内容，应用不定式to protect。 【19题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：通过专门的监测项目，研究人员最近观察到几个关键动物种群的显著增长。population意为“种群”时是可数名词，其前有several修饰，应用复数形式。 【20题详解】 考查介词。句意：然而，人们普遍认为，绝不应以牺牲长期的生态平衡为代价来追求短期的经济发展。at the expense of为固定搭配，意为“以……为代价”。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节,38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Mysterious. Brilliant. Powerful. These words describe the Inca. Every year, visitors rush to the Incan citadel (城堡) of Machu Picchu (meaning “the ancient peak”) in search of the lost civilization. But getting to this UNESCO World Heritage site isn’t cheap and easy. Here’s how to expertly navigate your way to Peru’s most famous destination. Hiking to Machu Picchu * The most famous way to hike to Machu Picchu is along a section of one of the Incan roads built as the empire expanded. Dozens of tour operators offer Inca Trail hikes with varying durations and levels of comfort (though all require camping). * For those who would like a less crowded experience, there are a number of diverse hiking alternatives, one of which is around Salkantay Mountain, one of the most imposing peaks in the Peruvian Andes. Several tour companies offer the treks, but Apus Peru offers an express Salkantay trek, which shaves a day off the normal itinerary for those eager to push their physical limits on their way to Machu Picchu. * Travelers interested in archaeology should consider the Choquequirao trek with a Machu Picchu extension. This itinerary includes spectacular hiking in the less-traveled steep Apurimac Canyon and exploration of the Choquequirao archaeological site before heading for Machu Picchu. Note that the trail is closed in December every year for regular maintenance. Tips for Visiting * Getting acclimated: Where you’re coming from is probably much lower than Machu Picchu. We highly recommend you go to Aguas Calientes first, and spend a night getting used to it before exploring Machu Picchu. Meanwhile, avoid alcohol and physical exertion to help your body slowly adjust to the thinner air. * Entrance tickets: If you’re traveling independently, you can buy individual entrance tickets, though you should note that you’ll be required to hire a local guide before entering the site. If you book a tour package through a travel agency, all services should be included. Moreover, all entry tickets are timed, allowing entrance on the hour, and you’re allowed to stay at the site for up to four hours. * Bring: Water and a rain jacket, even if it looks like a beautiful sunny day. And speaking of sun, remember that the ozone layer over Peru is compromised. That, combined with the elevation, makes the sun extremely strong, so wear a hat and use high SPF sunscreen. * Don't bring: Drones, walking sticks, trekking poles or umbrellas since they’re all prohibited at Machu Picchu. Travelers who require sticks for mobility can bring them in but only with protective rubber tips over the ends. 21. Which of the following hiking options is recommended for those who want to avoid crowds? A. Hiking along the Inca Trail. B. Trekking around Salkantay Mountain. C. The express Salkantay trek offered by UNESCO. D. The Choquequirao trek with a Machu Picchu extension. 22. What can be inferred from the passage about the Choquequirao trek? A. It is closed throughout the year for maintenance. B. It is more popular than the Salkantay Mountain trek. C. Travelers on this trek can explore an archaeological site. D. It is the most challenging hiking route to Machu Picchu. 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To compare different ways of traveling to Machu Picchu. B. To emphasize the importance of protecting Machu Picchu. C. To introduce the history and culture of the Inca civilization. D. To provide a comprehensive guide on how to travel to Machu Picchu. 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍通往印加古城马丘比丘的多条徒步路线及游览贴士：选路线、适应高海拔、购票、携带防晒雨具并禁带无人机，雨伞与登山杖。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“* For those who would like a less crowded experience, there are a number of diverse hiking alternatives, one of which is around Salkantay Mountain, one of the most imposing peaks in the Peruvian Andes.(对于那些想要不那么拥挤的体验的人来说，有许多不同的徒步旅行选择，其中一个是在秘鲁安第斯山脉最壮观的山峰之一萨尔坎泰山周围)”可知，想要避开人群的游客可以选择围绕萨尔坎泰山徒步。故选B项。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Travelers interested in archaeology should consider the Choquequirao trek with a Machu Picchu extension. This itinerary includes spectacular hiking in the less-traveled steep Apurimac Canyon and exploration of the Choquequirao archaeological site before heading for Machu Picchu.(对考古学感兴趣的游客可以考虑选择“乔克奎拉奥徒步旅行+马丘比丘延伸行程”的组合。该行程包括在鲜有人至的陡峭阿普里马克峡谷进行壮观的徒步旅行，之后还会探访乔克奎拉奥考古遗址，最后再前往马丘比丘)”可推断出，选择这条徒步路线的旅行者可以探索Choquequirao考古遗址。故选C项。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Mysterious. Brilliant. Powerful. These words describe the Inca. Every year, visitors rush to the Incan citadel (城堡) of Machu Picchu (meaning ‘the ancient peak’) in search of the lost civilization. But getting to this UNESCO World Heritage site isn’t cheap and easy. Here’s how to expertly navigate your way to Peru’s most famous destination.(神秘，辉煌，强大。这些词描述了印加帝国。每年，游客们都会涌向马丘比丘的印加城堡（意为‘古老的山峰’），寻找失落的文明。但要去这个联合国教科文组织世界遗产并不便宜和容易。以下是如何熟练地导航到秘鲁最著名的目的地)”并纵观全文可知，文章开篇引出马丘比丘，接着介绍了徒步到马丘比丘的多种方式，然后给出了参观马丘比丘的诸多提示，如适应环境、门票、携带物品和禁止携带物品等，整体是围绕如何前往马丘比丘并提供全面的旅行指南展开。故选D项。 B My father loved lists. Over 25 years, he recorded 539 books he read and 322 episodes of Booknotes on C-SPAN, which he watched every Sunday night. He also kept grocery lists for his mini-fridge — Pepsi, coffee, heavy cream — and daily tasks. These notes filled small notebooks, always near his reading chair. He wrote them until December 31, 2004, when cancer stopped him. After his death, I gathered the notebooks into a box. For years, I couldn’t bear to open them. Born in 1927 in Lowell, Massachusetts, my father was the son of a leather factory worker and grandson of an Irish immigrant who cleaned horse manure from the streets. Despite his humble beginnings, he was brilliant. After a summer in the leather factory, he graduated high school at 16 and went on to Boston College. He served in World War II and later earned degrees in physics. Then he worked at MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory, moved his family from Lowell to Boston, and sent his kids to private colleges. It seemed he had left Lowell behind — but not so. Deep down, he saw himself simply as a working-class Lowell kid who had just read a lot of books. He didn’t travel much, and didn’t feel the need. When I asked if he regretted not seeing the world, he defended himself: “I’ve sailed the Atlantic in stormy winds, climbed the Himalayas, and stared down wild animals.” Then he added, “I read.” Books were his world. From them, he learned to survive landslides, shark attacks, and even gorilla attacks. He had what he called “a rich inner life” — and it was true. Shortly before his death, he opened a small purple notebook and began one last list. It described details from 1930s Lowell — things lost in time. Twenty years later, I found it. In his flowing handwriting, Dad reached back to Lowell — a time long gone, now captured only in memory. Lost and only in memory — that was how I was experiencing Dad now. Squinting my eyes, I saw not just the city he loved, but the quiet, extraordinary man I called Dad. 24. Why are the details of the father’s lists mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. To imply his fear of forgetting. B. To show his love for literature and cuisine. C. To reveal his reliance on control. D. To reflect his ordered and thoughtful life. 25. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? A. He stayed humble and rooted. B. He struggled with his identity. C. His success originated from his roots. D. He felt torn about his background. 26. What does the father’s quote in Paragraph 3 mainly reveal? A. His dream of global travel. B. His pride in inner journeys. C. His desire for real adventure. D. His escape from physical world. 27. What is the main theme of the passage? A. Pursuit and action. B. Loss and regret. C. Ambition and escape. D. Memory and identity. 【答案】24. D 25. A 26. B 27. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者回忆父亲生前记录的各类清单，展现父亲对生活的认真态度，同时借父亲虽离开故乡却始终心怀故土，以及父亲对阅读和内心世界的热爱，探讨了记忆与身份认同的主题。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“My father loved lists. Over 25 years, he recorded 539 books he read and 322 episodes of Booknotes on C-SPAN, which he watched every Sunday night. He also kept grocery lists for his mini-fridge — Pepsi, coffee, heavy cream — and daily tasks. These notes filled small notebooks, always near his reading chair. (我父亲喜欢列清单。在25多年的时间里，他记录了自己读过的539本书，以及每周日晚上在C-SPAN上观看的322集《书话》。他还为他的迷你冰箱列了食品杂货清单——百事可乐、咖啡、浓奶油——以及日常任务。这些笔记填满了小笔记本，总是放在他读书的椅子旁边)”可知，作者详细描述父亲各类清单的内容和持久性，是为了展现父亲生活有序、思维缜密、富有条理的特点。故选D项。 【25题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Despite his humble beginnings, he was brilliant. After a summer in the leather factory, he graduated high school at 16 and went on to Boston College. He served in World War II and later earned degrees in physics. Then he worked at MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory, moved his family from Lowell to Boston, and sent his kids to private colleges. (尽管他出身卑微，但他很聪明。在皮革厂度过一个夏天后，他16岁高中毕业，随后进入波士顿学院。他参加了第二次世界大战，后来获得了物理学学位。然后，他在麻省理工学院的林肯实验室工作，把家从洛厄尔搬到了波士顿，并送孩子上私立大学)”和“Deep down, he saw himself simply as a working-class Lowell kid who had just read a lot of books. (在他的内心深处，他只是把自己看作是一个读了很多书的洛厄尔工人阶级的孩子)”可知，父亲虽然取得了成功，但他内心深处仍然认为自己是一个来自洛厄尔的工人阶级的孩子。由此可推知，尽管父亲取得了世俗意义上的成功，但他内心依然保持谦逊，并深深认同自己的出身根源。故划线句子的意思是“他仍然保持谦逊并深深认同自己的出身”。故选A项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“When I asked if he regretted not seeing the world, he defended himself: “I’ve sailed the Atlantic in stormy winds, climbed the Himalayas, and stared down wild animals.” Then he added, “I read.” Books were his world. From them, he learned to survive landslides, shark attacks, and even gorilla attacks. He had what he called “a rich inner life” — and it was true. (当我问他是否后悔没有去看看世界时，他为自己辩护道：“我在暴风中横渡过大西洋，攀登过喜马拉雅山，还以目光逼退过野生动物。”然后他补充道：“我读书。”书就是他的世界。从书中，他学会了在山体滑坡、鲨鱼袭击，甚至大猩猩袭击中生存下来。他拥有他所谓的“丰富的内心生活”——这是真的)”可知，父亲的回应表明他通过阅读实现了精神上的冒险与探索，并为此感到自豪，这揭示了他对内心精神旅程的自豪。故选B项。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“In his flowing handwriting, Dad reached back to Lowell — a time long gone, now captured only in memory. Lost and only in memory — that was how I was experiencing Dad now. (父亲用他流畅的笔迹，回到了洛厄尔——那段早已逝去的时光，如今只能在记忆中捕捉。失去，只在记忆中——这就是我现在对父亲的感受)”可知，文章通过作者回忆父亲生前记录的各类清单，展现父亲对生活的认真态度，同时借父亲虽离开故乡却始终心怀故土，以及父亲对阅读和内心世界的热爱，探讨了记忆与身份认同的主题。故选D项。 C “The dangerous thing about lying is people don’t understand how the act changes us.” says Dan Ariely, behavioral psychologist at Duke University. Psychologists have documented children lying as early as the age of two. Some experts even consider lying a developmental milestone, like crawling and walking, because it requires sophisticated planning, attention and ability to see a situation from someone else’s perspective to manipulate them. But, for most people, lying gets limited as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate. Harvard cognitive neuroscientist Joshua Greene says, for most of us, lying takes work. In studies, he gave subjects a chance to deceive for monetary gain while examining their brains in a functional MRI machine, which maps blood flow to active parts of the brain. Some people told the truth instantly and instinctively. But others opted to lie, and they showed increased activity in their frontal parietal control network, which is involved in difficult or complex thinking. This suggests that they were deciding between truth and dishonesty — and ultimately opting for the latter. For a follow-up analysis, he found that people whose neural rewards centers were more active when they won money were also more likely to be among the group of liars — suggesting that lying may have to do with the inability to resist temptation. External conditions also matter in terms of when and how often we lie. We are more likely to lie, research shows, when we are able to rationalize it, when we are stressed and fatigued or see others being dishonest. And we are less likely to lie when we have moral reminders or when we think others are watching. “We as a society need to understand that, when we don’t punish lying, we increase the probability it will happen again,” Ariely says. In a 2016 study published in the journal Nature Neuroscience Ariely and colleagues showed how dishonesty alters people’s brains, making it easier to tell lies in the future. When people uttered a falsehood, the scientists noticed a burst of activity in their amygdala. The amygdala is a crucial part of the brain that produces fear, anxiety and emotional response — including that sinking, guilty feeling you get when you lie. But when scientists had their subjects play a game in which they won many by deceiving their partner, they noticed the negative signals from the amygdala began to decrease. Not only that, but when people faced no consequences for dishonesty, their falsehoods tended to get even more sensational. 28. Why does the Harvard neuroscientist say that lying takes work? A. It is hard to choose from several options. B. It is difficult to sound natural or convincing. C. It involves lots of complex mental activity. D. It requires speedy blood flow into one’s brain. 29. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A. Which external factors will result in lying. B. What consequences lying may bring. C. Why lying deserves to be punished. D. When people tend to be dishonest. 30. What does they author say will happen when a liar does not get punished? A. They will tell bigger lies. B. They may feel justified. C. They will become satisfied with themselves. D. They will confuse lies and truths. 【答案】28. C 29. A 30. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要探讨了说谎行为的心理学和神经科学基础，包括说谎的早期发展、大脑活动、外部影响因素以及说谎对大脑的影响。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“But others opted to lie, and they showed increased activity in their frontal parietal control network, which is involved in difficult or complex thinking.(但其他人选择说谎，他们的额顶叶控制网络活动增加，这与困难或复杂的思维有关。)”可知，说谎需要付出努力是因为它涉及许多复杂的心理活动。 【29题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段首句“External conditions also matter in terms of when and how often we lie.(外部条件也会影响我们何时说谎以及说谎的频率。)”以及本段下文分别介绍了不同外部情境下人们说谎可能性的变化可知，第三段主要告诉我们哪些外部因素会导致说谎。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段““We as a society need to understand that, when we don’t punish lying, we increase the probability it will happen again,” Ariely says.(艾瑞利表示：“整个社会都要明白，倘若对撒谎行为不予惩戒，这类行径再度发生的概率就会随之上升。”)”和最后一段“Not only that, but when people faced no consequences for dishonesty, their falsehoods tended to get even more sensational.(不仅如此，当人们的不诚信行为无需承担后果时，谎言往往会变得愈发离谱夸张。)”可知，作者认为，说谎者未受到惩处时他们会说更大的谎言。 D For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things. Stressing successes isn’t wrong, but to r many people it’s not persuasive. An alternative answer to the question “Why trust science?” is that scientists use the so-called scientific method. If you’ve got a high school-science textbook lying around, you’ll probably find that answer in it. But what is typically thought to be the scientific method — develop a hypothesis (假设), then design an experiment to test it — isn’t what scientists actually do. Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned; and sometimes, scientists can be found doing many different things. If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the reason for trust in science? The answer is how those claims are evaluated. The common element in modern science, regardless of the specified field or the particular methods being used, is the strict scrutiny (审查)of claims. It’s this tough, sustained process that works to make sure faulty claims are rejected. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field who have both the right and the obligation (责任) to find faults. A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads. In areas that have been contested, like climate science and vaccine safety, it’s thousands. This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science — the more people looking at a claim from different angles — is important. Does this process ever go wrong? Of course. Scientists are humans. There is always the possibility of revising a claim on the basis of new evidence. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds”. While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical (矛盾的): that science produces both novelty and stability. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness. 31. What does the author think of the scientific method? A. Unchallenged. B. Unfixed. C. Reliable. D. Recognized. 32. What does the underlined word “vetted” in paragraph 4 probably mean. A. Explained. B. Examined. C. Repeated. D. Released. 33. According to the passage, the author may agree that ______. A. it is not persuasive to reject those faulty claims. B. settled science tends to be collectively overturned. C. a leading expert cannot play a decisive role in a scrutiny. D. diversity in knowledge is the common element in science. 34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Put Your Faith in Science. B. Defend the Truth in Science. C. Apply Your Mind to Science. D. Explore a Dynamic Way to Science. 【答案】31. B 32. B 33. C 34. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了我们为什么要相信科学。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned; and sometimes, scientists can be found doing many different things.(科学是动态的：新方法不断被发明；旧的会被抛弃；有时，科学家们会做很多不同的事情)”可知，作者认为科学方法是不固定的，故选B。 【32题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively.(科学判断的一个关键方面是集体判断)”以及后文“by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads(经过几十个，甚至几百个领导)”可知，科学判断的一个关键方面是集体判断，说明观点要经过许多领导的审查才会被接受，故画线词意为“审查，仔细检查”。故选B。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads.(科学判断的一个关键方面是它是集体完成的。在经过几十个（甚至几百个）领导的审查之前，任何主张都不会被接受)”及“This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim.(这就是为什么当一个科学家，即使是一个非常著名的科学家，不同意这种观点时，我们通常没有理由过分担心。)”可知，科学观点是经过多人审查的，而某一个人，即使是非常著名的科学家也不能在审查中起决定性作用。故选C。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things.(凡十年来，一直存在着一场广泛的、有组织的运动，旨在引起人们对科学的不信任，其资助者是那些其利益和意识形态受到现代科学发现威胁的人。作为回应，科学家们倾向于强调科学的成功。毕竟，科学家在大多数事情上都是正确的。)”及最后一段中的“Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.(面对新的证据，科学家的确会改变主意，但这是科学的强项，而不是弱点。)”可知，文章主要论述了我们为什么要相信科学。由此可知，A选“相信科学”最适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。 第二节 七选五（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sustainability over Style From the 1950s onwards, as companies increasingly switched to using plastic, competition accelerated and packaging became the best way to signal a distinct identity. ____35____ Just 10 percent of plastic packaging is recycled globally. There is a simple yet powerful way to improve both plastics recycling and reuse — make brands use similar packaging for products in the same category. Let’s take recycling first. Even with decades of consumer education and investment in infrastructure, it is too expensive to sort much plastic packaging into individual subtypes. Pigments (色素)can’t be eliminated and sorting by colour is expensive, so much coloured plastic gets downcycled into grey pipes or building material. ____36____ If product categories followed uniform guidelines for plastic type, colour, labels and adhesives, recyclers could cheaply recover far more material. This could finally make recycling economically viable and help achieve the dream of “circularity”, in which a new bottle is made from an old one. The case for standardised reuse systems is as compelling. Reuse systems based on standardised packaging and shared infrastructure could capture 40 percent of the market, versus 2 percent under a fragmented approach, according to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation. Standardised packaging may sound like an attack on capitalism to some, but brands already produce similar packaging for milk jugs in the UK and for toothpaste tubes in many countries. ____37____ Brands could still use labels, washable inks, embossing and other techniques to differentiate themselves. Admittedly, it is hard to imagine rivals like Procter & Gamble and Unilever voluntarily agreeing to put their shampoo in the same-coloured bottles. But as data amounts about the billions of dollars lost each year from single-use plastics that are burned or landfilled — and research sheds more light on the health risks linked to thousands of poorly studied chemicals in plastics — brands may find their corner is harder to defend. ____38____ In Europe and other parts of the world, policy is already requiring reuse targets and the use of more recycled content. Standardised packaging offers brands a path to meet such goals while avoiding a jump in complexity and costs. Similar shampoo bottles won’t solve everything, of course. But such changes increasingly look like good business sense. ____39____ A. Increasingly, brands may not have a choice. B. Meanwhile, reusable packaging remains rare. C. Standardisation could dramatically improve things. D. Without them, truly circular packaging remains a distant dream. E. And standardised packaging wouldn’t mean that all products have to be identical. F. But as brands added complexities, the already fragile economics of plastics recycling collapsed. G. They could also still use their own shapes and sizes of packaging, so long as these don’t make sorting difficult. 【答案】35. F 36. C 37. E 38. A 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍塑料包装回收难的问题，提出标准化包装可改善该问题，并分析其可行性与必要性。 【35题详解】 根据前文“From the 1950s onwards, as companies increasingly switched to using plastic, competition accelerated and packaging became the best way to signal a distinct identity.(从20世纪50年代开始，随着企业越来越多地转向使用塑料，竞争加剧，包装成为彰显独特身份的最佳方式)”和后文“Just 10 percent of plastic packaging is recycled globally.(全球仅10%的塑料包装被回收利用)”可知，前文讲品牌为彰显特色让包装更复杂，后文讲回收比例极低，空格处需体现转折衔接，说明包装复杂化对回收的负面影响。F项“But as brands added complexities, the already fragile economics of plastics recycling collapsed(但随着品牌增加包装的复杂性，本就脆弱的塑料回收经济彻底崩溃)”符合逻辑，既承接前文的包装复杂化，又引出后文回收难的现状。故选F项。 【36题详解】 根据后文“If product categories followed uniform guidelines for plastic type, colour, labels and adhesives, recyclers could cheaply recover far more material.(如果产品类别在塑料类型、颜色、标签和粘合剂方面遵循统一标准，回收商就能以较低成本回收多得多的材料)”可知，后文重点讲标准化包装对回收的积极作用，空格处需引出“标准化”这一核心话题，总领后文。C项“Standardisation could dramatically improve things.(标准化可以显著改善这种情况)”直接点出主题，且this situation指代前文提到的塑料回收难问题，衔接自然。故选C项。 【37题详解】 根据前文“Standardised packaging may sound like an attack on capitalism to some, but brands already produce similar packaging for milk jugs in the UK and for toothpaste tubes in many countries.(对一些人来说，标准化包装可能听起来像是对资本主义的攻击，但品牌已经在英国为牛奶罐、在许多国家为牙膏管生产类似的包装)”和后文“Brands could still use labels, washable inks, embossing and other techniques to differentiate themselves.(品牌仍然可以使用标签、可水洗墨水、压花和其他技术来彰显自身特色)”可知，空格处需承接前文，进一步说明标准化包装不会让品牌失去独特性。E项“And standardised packaging wouldn’t mean that all products have to be identical.(而且标准化包装并不意味着所有产品都必须一模一样)”既呼应前文的“类似包装”，又引出后文品牌彰显特色的具体方式，逻辑连贯。故选E项。 【38题详解】 根据前文“But as data amounts about the billions of dollars lost each year from single-use plastics that are burned or landfilled — and research sheds more light on the health risks linked to thousands of poorly studied chemicals in plastics — brands may find their corner is harder to defend.(但随着每年一次性塑料被焚烧或填埋造成数十亿美元损失的数据不断增加，以及研究更多地揭示出塑料中数千种研究不足的化学物质带来的健康风险，品牌可能会发现自己的立场更难捍卫)”和后文“In Europe and other parts of the world, policy is already requiring reuse targets and the use of more recycled content.(在欧洲和世界其他地区，政策已经开始要求回收目标和使用更多再生材料)”可知，空格处需体现品牌在现状和政策压力下，可能不得不接受标准化包装。A项“Increasingly, brands may not have a choice.(越来越多的品牌可能别无选择)”承接前文的压力，引出后文的政策要求，衔接紧密。故选A项。 【39题详解】 根据前文“Similar shampoo bottles won’t solve everything, of course. But such changes increasingly look like good business sense.(当然，类似的洗发水瓶子并不能解决所有问题。但这样的变化越来越像是明智的商业决策)”可知，空格处需进一步说明标准化包装的意义，总结全文。D项“Without them, truly circular packaging remains a distant dream.(没有它们，真正的循环包装仍然是一个遥远的梦想)”中them指代前文的标准化包装，强调其对实现循环包装的重要性。故选D项。 第三节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分， 共12分）。 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 For many, theater is more than entertainment; it is a vital way to build psychological skills-especially empathy, or our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions. Research found that after watching theater, audience expressed more empathy for the characters onstage. The plays also changed behavior. Researchers gave audience members the option to donate some of their payment to charity. After seeing the plays, audience members donated more money to charity-whether or not the charity was related to the topics in the plays. Why does live theater have these effects? Sitting in the dark watching a play can make us forget our own worries and transport us into the life and mind of a different person. We found that the more people reported feeling “immersed” or “lost” in the play, the more their beliefs and behaviors were changed by it. A classic finding in social psychology is that repeated, positive encounters with people unlike ourselves can build empathy. Many of us have too few experiences-or too little interest-in creating such encounters. Theaters provide the chance to see the experiences of people who differ from us in environments unlike our own. The arts are essential to human flourishing(繁荣).As we move beyond the pandemic, we will need to focus on healing collectively and connecting better. Providing greater access to the arts-and using them to share stories across cultural and social difference-will be an important part of this path to recovery. 40. What is empathy? 41. According to the research, what effects did live theater have on audience? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences. 43. Besides watching live theater. what other way(s) can help to build empathy? (In about 40 words) 【答案】40. Empathy is our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions. 41. Live theater enabled audience to express more empathy for the characters onstage and change their behavior. 42. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that help us see different experiences. 43. 言之有理即可。 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了戏剧对于人类而言，不仅仅是娱乐，而且也是人们建立心理技能的重要途径，因为戏剧能让人产生同理心。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“it is a vital way to build psychological skills-especially empathy, or our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions.(这是建立心理技能的重要途径——尤其是同理心，即我们分享、理解和关心他人情绪的能力。)”可知，同理心是我们分享、理解和关心他人情绪的能力。故答案为Empathy is our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Sitting in the dark watching a play can make us forget our own worries and transport us into the life and mind of a different person. We found that the more people reported feeling “immersed” or “lost” in the play, the more their beliefs and behaviors were changed by it.(坐在黑暗中看戏剧可以让我们忘记自己的烦恼，把我们带入另一个人的生活和思想。我们发现，人越“沉浸”或“迷失”与戏剧，他们的信念和行为就越会被改变。)”可知，在观看现场演出时，人们会更容易忘记自己的烦恼而沉浸到角色的感情中，最终改变自己的行为。故答案为Live theater enabled audience to express more empathy for the characters onstage and change their behavior。 【42题详解】 考查推理判断。根据第四段“A classic finding in social psychology is that repeated, positive encounters with people unlike ourselves can build empathy. Many of us have too few experiences-or too little interest-in creating such encounters. Theaters provide the chance to see the experiences of people who differ from us in environments unlike our own.(社会心理学的一个经典发现是，与和自己不同的人反复积极地接触可以建立同理心。我们中的许多人在创造这样的邂逅方面经验太少——或者兴趣太少。戏剧提供了一个机会，让我们在不同的环境中看到与我们不同的人的经历。)”可知，戏剧能建立同理心的原因不是让我们想起以前的经历，而是戏剧给我们一些邂逅能够去体验不同的经历。所以原句中“remind us of our past experiences.(提醒我们过去的经历。)”是错的，故答案为 Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that help us see different experiences. 【43题详解】 开放题。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为Being on the stage can built empathy as well. For instance, taking acting classed can improve students’ empathy. The same is true for experiencing more solitary art forms, such as reading. Even reading “Harry Potter” had been shown to reduce prejudice toward stigmatized groups in children. Or you can expand your empathy at home by picking up a novel. 第二节 应用文写作（共20分。） 44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校高二年级即将举办以“以古为鉴，开创未来”（From Past to Future）主题的“英文诗词朗诵大赛”Poetry Recitation Contest，现招募英语主持人。请你给活动负责人Jim写一封英文申请信。 内容包括： 1.表达对活动的看法； 2.自身优势。 注意：1. 词数不少于100； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim， ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m Li Hua, a Senior Two student from Hongxing Middle School. I’m writing to apply to be the host of the Poetry Recitation Contest themed From Past to Future. In my opinion, this activity is quite meaningful, which helps students feel the charm of classic poems and learn to reflect on history to embrace the future. Also, it provides a wonderful platform for us to show ourselves and improve our English expression. I have many advantages for this role. I speak fluent English and have rich experience in hosting and speech contests. Besides, I love poetry and know well about related cultural knowledge. I am outgoing and can create a pleasant atmosphere for the contest. I sincerely hope to get this opportunity. I will take my duty seriously. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生对于你校高二年级即将举办以“以古为鉴，开创未来”（From Past to Future）主题的“英文诗词朗诵大赛”Poetry Recitation Contest，现招募英语主持人这一情况，给活动负责人Jim写一封英文申请信。 【详解】1.词汇积累 有意义的：meaningful→ significant 拥抱：embrace→ hug 展示：show→ demonstrate 相关的：related→ relevant 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I am outgoing and can create a pleasant atmosphere for the contest. 拓展句：I am an outgoing person who can create a pleasant atmosphere for the contest. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m writing to apply to be the host of the Poetry Recitation Contest themed From Past to Future.（运用了非谓语动词中的过去分词作后置定语修饰Contest） 【高分句型2】In my opinion, this activity is quite meaningful, which helps students feel the charm of classic poems and learn to reflect on history to embrace the future.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年度第二学期高二英语期中试卷 本场考试笔试部分共90分钟，满分100分。请将选择题的答案按照题号填涂在答题卡上，请将非选择题的答案填写在答题纸指定位置。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 Sometimes the world gives us a small sign of encouragement, right when we need it the most. Murphy lost her parents in her early 20s. Two years ago, she was ____1____ with finding happiness in her career. During walks on the beach she would talk to her parents in her head, seeking guidance about her career choices. “Since they weren’t with me ____2____ , I would ask for little signs in the form of heart-shaped rocks. When I would find one, I would feel connected to something outside of myself.” These small ____3____ made her feel like she wasn’t alone. Once, during a trip, Murphy was moved by the way tiny courtesies like a smile made her feel more ____4____ in an unfamiliar country. She came back with—the understanding that small acts of kindness could have a big ____5____ . One day, while walking on the beach, she suddenly came up with an idea of writing some encouraging messages on rocks. So she did it. She soon learned her small action was already making ripples (涟漪). That night a friend texted her a picture of a rock and said, “Was this you?” She had ____6____ Murphy because she knew Murphy walked along that same beach. Murphy was ____7____ by the way her friend said finding that rock had made her day. Murphy became hooked on the idea that she could spread happiness through something as ____8____ as a rock with a message on it. She started leaving rocks in other places. With these rocks, she left a small sign encouraging others to leave a kindness rock somewhere else—“One rock, one person.” Murphy explains. “If a message ____9____ a person at the right time, or they join, it’s like a huge _____10_____ . It’ what our world needs right now.” 1. A. meeting B. struggling C. living D. engaging 2. A. mentally B. regularly C. physically D. temporarily 3. A. treasures B. incidents C. products D. tasks 4. A. awkward B. interested C. sensitive D. comfortable 5. A. success B. impact C. ambition D. purpose 6. A. suspected B. spotted C. favoured D. supported 7. A. reminded B. puzzled C. touched D. honored 8. A. rough B. basic C. hard D. simple 9. A. holds B. surprises C. warns D. hits 10. A. variety B. challenge C. connection D. satisfaction 第二节 语法填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 For centuries, humans ____11____ (seek) to understand the world around them. This journey of discovery has accelerated in modern times, especially after we realized ____12____ interconnected and complex global systems are. Geography now relies not just on maps, but on detailed data ____13____ (analyze). Researchers often focus on specific locations ____14____ human activity and the natural environment interact most intensely. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The process of adapting a novel into a film is an art. Many classic books ____15____ (turn) into movies long before today’s directors were born. A faithful adaptation requires the director to have the original story’s essence ____16____ (understand) and respected. Success lies in ____17____ (capture) the spirit, not just the plot, of the source material. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The primary goal of wildlife conservation is ____18____ (protect) not only endangered species but also their rapidly shrinking natural habitats. Through dedicated monitoring programs, researchers have recently observed promising growth in several key animal ____19____ (population). However, it is widely argued that short-term economic development should never be pursued ____20____ the expense of long-term ecological balance, upon which our collective future depends. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节,38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Mysterious. Brilliant. Powerful. These words describe the Inca. Every year, visitors rush to the Incan citadel (城堡) of Machu Picchu (meaning “the ancient peak”) in search of the lost civilization. But getting to this UNESCO World Heritage site isn’t cheap and easy. Here’s how to expertly navigate your way to Peru’s most famous destination. Hiking to Machu Picchu * The most famous way to hike to Machu Picchu is along a section of one of the Incan roads built as the empire expanded. Dozens of tour operators offer Inca Trail hikes with varying durations and levels of comfort (though all require camping). * For those who would like a less crowded experience, there are a number of diverse hiking alternatives, one of which is around Salkantay Mountain, one of the most imposing peaks in the Peruvian Andes. Several tour companies offer the treks, but Apus Peru offers an express Salkantay trek, which shaves a day off the normal itinerary for those eager to push their physical limits on their way to Machu Picchu. * Travelers interested in archaeology should consider the Choquequirao trek with a Machu Picchu extension. This itinerary includes spectacular hiking in the less-traveled steep Apurimac Canyon and exploration of the Choquequirao archaeological site before heading for Machu Picchu. Note that the trail is closed in December every year for regular maintenance. Tips for Visiting * Getting acclimated: Where you’re coming from is probably much lower than Machu Picchu. We highly recommend you go to Aguas Calientes first, and spend a night getting used to it before exploring Machu Picchu. Meanwhile, avoid alcohol and physical exertion to help your body slowly adjust to the thinner air. * Entrance tickets: If you’re traveling independently, you can buy individual entrance tickets, though you should note that you’ll be required to hire a local guide before entering the site. If you book a tour package through a travel agency, all services should be included. Moreover, all entry tickets are timed, allowing entrance on the hour, and you’re allowed to stay at the site for up to four hours. * Bring: Water and a rain jacket, even if it looks like a beautiful sunny day. And speaking of sun, remember that the ozone layer over Peru is compromised. That, combined with the elevation, makes the sun extremely strong, so wear a hat and use high SPF sunscreen. * Don't bring: Drones, walking sticks, trekking poles or umbrellas since they’re all prohibited at Machu Picchu. Travelers who require sticks for mobility can bring them in but only with protective rubber tips over the ends. 21. Which of the following hiking options is recommended for those who want to avoid crowds? A. Hiking along the Inca Trail. B. Trekking around Salkantay Mountain. C. The express Salkantay trek offered by UNESCO. D. The Choquequirao trek with a Machu Picchu extension. 22. What can be inferred from the passage about the Choquequirao trek? A. It is closed throughout the year for maintenance. B. It is more popular than the Salkantay Mountain trek. C. Travelers on this trek can explore an archaeological site. D. It is the most challenging hiking route to Machu Picchu. 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To compare different ways of traveling to Machu Picchu. B. To emphasize the importance of protecting Machu Picchu. C. To introduce the history and culture of the Inca civilization. D. To provide a comprehensive guide on how to travel to Machu Picchu. B My father loved lists. Over 25 years, he recorded 539 books he read and 322 episodes of Booknotes on C-SPAN, which he watched every Sunday night. He also kept grocery lists for his mini-fridge — Pepsi, coffee, heavy cream — and daily tasks. These notes filled small notebooks, always near his reading chair. He wrote them until December 31, 2004, when cancer stopped him. After his death, I gathered the notebooks into a box. For years, I couldn’t bear to open them. Born in 1927 in Lowell, Massachusetts, my father was the son of a leather factory worker and grandson of an Irish immigrant who cleaned horse manure from the streets. Despite his humble beginnings, he was brilliant. After a summer in the leather factory, he graduated high school at 16 and went on to Boston College. He served in World War II and later earned degrees in physics. Then he worked at MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory, moved his family from Lowell to Boston, and sent his kids to private colleges. It seemed he had left Lowell behind — but not so. Deep down, he saw himself simply as a working-class Lowell kid who had just read a lot of books. He didn’t travel much, and didn’t feel the need. When I asked if he regretted not seeing the world, he defended himself: “I’ve sailed the Atlantic in stormy winds, climbed the Himalayas, and stared down wild animals.” Then he added, “I read.” Books were his world. From them, he learned to survive landslides, shark attacks, and even gorilla attacks. He had what he called “a rich inner life” — and it was true. Shortly before his death, he opened a small purple notebook and began one last list. It described details from 1930s Lowell — things lost in time. Twenty years later, I found it. In his flowing handwriting, Dad reached back to Lowell — a time long gone, now captured only in memory. Lost and only in memory — that was how I was experiencing Dad now. Squinting my eyes, I saw not just the city he loved, but the quiet, extraordinary man I called Dad. 24. Why are the details of the father’s lists mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. To imply his fear of forgetting. B. To show his love for literature and cuisine. C. To reveal his reliance on control. D. To reflect his ordered and thoughtful life. 25. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? A. He stayed humble and rooted. B. He struggled with his identity. C. His success originated from his roots. D. He felt torn about his background. 26. What does the father’s quote in Paragraph 3 mainly reveal? A. His dream of global travel. B. His pride in inner journeys. C. His desire for real adventure. D. His escape from physical world. 27. What is the main theme of the passage? A. Pursuit and action. B. Loss and regret. C. Ambition and escape. D. Memory and identity. C “The dangerous thing about lying is people don’t understand how the act changes us.” says Dan Ariely, behavioral psychologist at Duke University. Psychologists have documented children lying as early as the age of two. Some experts even consider lying a developmental milestone, like crawling and walking, because it requires sophisticated planning, attention and ability to see a situation from someone else’s perspective to manipulate them. But, for most people, lying gets limited as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate. Harvard cognitive neuroscientist Joshua Greene says, for most of us, lying takes work. In studies, he gave subjects a chance to deceive for monetary gain while examining their brains in a functional MRI machine, which maps blood flow to active parts of the brain. Some people told the truth instantly and instinctively. But others opted to lie, and they showed increased activity in their frontal parietal control network, which is involved in difficult or complex thinking. This suggests that they were deciding between truth and dishonesty — and ultimately opting for the latter. For a follow-up analysis, he found that people whose neural rewards centers were more active when they won money were also more likely to be among the group of liars — suggesting that lying may have to do with the inability to resist temptation. External conditions also matter in terms of when and how often we lie. We are more likely to lie, research shows, when we are able to rationalize it, when we are stressed and fatigued or see others being dishonest. And we are less likely to lie when we have moral reminders or when we think others are watching. “We as a society need to understand that, when we don’t punish lying, we increase the probability it will happen again,” Ariely says. In a 2016 study published in the journal Nature Neuroscience Ariely and colleagues showed how dishonesty alters people’s brains, making it easier to tell lies in the future. When people uttered a falsehood, the scientists noticed a burst of activity in their amygdala. The amygdala is a crucial part of the brain that produces fear, anxiety and emotional response — including that sinking, guilty feeling you get when you lie. But when scientists had their subjects play a game in which they won many by deceiving their partner, they noticed the negative signals from the amygdala began to decrease. Not only that, but when people faced no consequences for dishonesty, their falsehoods tended to get even more sensational. 28. Why does the Harvard neuroscientist say that lying takes work? A. It is hard to choose from several options. B. It is difficult to sound natural or convincing. C. It involves lots of complex mental activity. D. It requires speedy blood flow into one’s brain. 29. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A. Which external factors will result in lying. B. What consequences lying may bring. C. Why lying deserves to be punished. D. When people tend to be dishonest. 30. What does they author say will happen when a liar does not get punished? A. They will tell bigger lies. B. They may feel justified. C. They will become satisfied with themselves. D. They will confuse lies and truths. D For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things. Stressing successes isn’t wrong, but to r many people it’s not persuasive. An alternative answer to the question “Why trust science?” is that scientists use the so-called scientific method. If you’ve got a high school-science textbook lying around, you’ll probably find that answer in it. But what is typically thought to be the scientific method — develop a hypothesis (假设), then design an experiment to test it — isn’t what scientists actually do. Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned; and sometimes, scientists can be found doing many different things. If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the reason for trust in science? The answer is how those claims are evaluated. The common element in modern science, regardless of the specified field or the particular methods being used, is the strict scrutiny (审查)of claims. It’s this tough, sustained process that works to make sure faulty claims are rejected. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field who have both the right and the obligation (责任) to find faults. A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads. In areas that have been contested, like climate science and vaccine safety, it’s thousands. This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science — the more people looking at a claim from different angles — is important. Does this process ever go wrong? Of course. Scientists are humans. There is always the possibility of revising a claim on the basis of new evidence. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds”. While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical (矛盾的): that science produces both novelty and stability. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness. 31. What does the author think of the scientific method? A. Unchallenged. B. Unfixed. C. Reliable. D. Recognized. 32. What does the underlined word “vetted” in paragraph 4 probably mean. A. Explained. B. Examined. C. Repeated. D. Released. 33. According to the passage, the author may agree that ______. A. it is not persuasive to reject those faulty claims. B. settled science tends to be collectively overturned. C. a leading expert cannot play a decisive role in a scrutiny. D. diversity in knowledge is the common element in science. 34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Put Your Faith in Science. B. Defend the Truth in Science. C. Apply Your Mind to Science. D. Explore a Dynamic Way to Science. 第二节 七选五（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sustainability over Style From the 1950s onwards, as companies increasingly switched to using plastic, competition accelerated and packaging became the best way to signal a distinct identity. ____35____ Just 10 percent of plastic packaging is recycled globally. There is a simple yet powerful way to improve both plastics recycling and reuse — make brands use similar packaging for products in the same category. Let’s take recycling first. Even with decades of consumer education and investment in infrastructure, it is too expensive to sort much plastic packaging into individual subtypes. Pigments (色素)can’t be eliminated and sorting by colour is expensive, so much coloured plastic gets downcycled into grey pipes or building material. ____36____ If product categories followed uniform guidelines for plastic type, colour, labels and adhesives, recyclers could cheaply recover far more material. This could finally make recycling economically viable and help achieve the dream of “circularity”, in which a new bottle is made from an old one. The case for standardised reuse systems is as compelling. Reuse systems based on standardised packaging and shared infrastructure could capture 40 percent of the market, versus 2 percent under a fragmented approach, according to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation. Standardised packaging may sound like an attack on capitalism to some, but brands already produce similar packaging for milk jugs in the UK and for toothpaste tubes in many countries. ____37____ Brands could still use labels, washable inks, embossing and other techniques to differentiate themselves. Admittedly, it is hard to imagine rivals like Procter & Gamble and Unilever voluntarily agreeing to put their shampoo in the same-coloured bottles. But as data amounts about the billions of dollars lost each year from single-use plastics that are burned or landfilled — and research sheds more light on the health risks linked to thousands of poorly studied chemicals in plastics — brands may find their corner is harder to defend. ____38____ In Europe and other parts of the world, policy is already requiring reuse targets and the use of more recycled content. Standardised packaging offers brands a path to meet such goals while avoiding a jump in complexity and costs. Similar shampoo bottles won’t solve everything, of course. But such changes increasingly look like good business sense. ____39____ A. Increasingly, brands may not have a choice. B. Meanwhile, reusable packaging remains rare. C. Standardisation could dramatically improve things. D. Without them, truly circular packaging remains a distant dream. E. And standardised packaging wouldn’t mean that all products have to be identical. F. But as brands added complexities, the already fragile economics of plastics recycling collapsed. G. They could also still use their own shapes and sizes of packaging, so long as these don’t make sorting difficult. 第三节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分， 共12分）。 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 For many, theater is more than entertainment; it is a vital way to build psychological skills-especially empathy, or our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions. Research found that after watching theater, audience expressed more empathy for the characters onstage. The plays also changed behavior. Researchers gave audience members the option to donate some of their payment to charity. After seeing the plays, audience members donated more money to charity-whether or not the charity was related to the topics in the plays. Why does live theater have these effects? Sitting in the dark watching a play can make us forget our own worries and transport us into the life and mind of a different person. We found that the more people reported feeling “immersed” or “lost” in the play, the more their beliefs and behaviors were changed by it. A classic finding in social psychology is that repeated, positive encounters with people unlike ourselves can build empathy. Many of us have too few experiences-or too little interest-in creating such encounters. Theaters provide the chance to see the experiences of people who differ from us in environments unlike our own. The arts are essential to human flourishing(繁荣).As we move beyond the pandemic, we will need to focus on healing collectively and connecting better. Providing greater access to the arts-and using them to share stories across cultural and social difference-will be an important part of this path to recovery. 40. What is empathy? 41. According to the research, what effects did live theater have on audience? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences. 43. Besides watching live theater. what other way(s) can help to build empathy? (In about 40 words) 第二节 应用文写作（共20分。） 44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校高二年级即将举办以“以古为鉴，开创未来”（From Past to Future）主题的“英文诗词朗诵大赛”Poetry Recitation Contest，现招募英语主持人。请你给活动负责人Jim写一封英文申请信。 内容包括： 1.表达对活动的看法； 2.自身优势。 注意：1. 词数不少于100； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim， ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $