专题01 必修第二册Unit4～Unit6单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末复习知识清单）高一英语下学期北师大版

专题01 必修第二册 单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 4 Information Technology 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 59 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.enable vt. 2.effect n. 3.addicted adj. 4.indeed adv. 5.download vt. 6.alarm n. 7.trick vt. 8.sex n. 9.sensible adj. 10.obviously adv. 11.experiment vi.& vt. n. 12.nowadays adv. 13.type vi.& vt. n. 14.cheat vt. 15.view vt. 16.subscribe vi. 17.latest adj. 18.account n. 19.device n. 20.gender n. 21.goods n. 22.error n. 23.replace vt. 24.concentrate vi. 25.addition n. 26.content n. adj. 27.shallow adj. 28.basis n. 29.percent n. 30.opinion n. 31.focus vi.& vt. n. 32.maintain vt. 33.series n. 34.author n. 二、单词拓展 1.convenient adj.方便的，便利的→ n.方便，便利 2.※recommend vt.建议；推荐→ n.建议，提议；推荐 3.explore vt.探究；探讨；探险→ n.探索→ n.探索者 4.※person n.个人→ adj.个人的→ n.个性，性格 5.admit vi.& vt.承认→ n.承认 6.vary v.变化→ n.多样化，变化→ adj.各种各样的 7.※create v.创造→ adj.创造性的→ n.创造力；独创性 8.select vt.选择→ n.供选择的同类物品；选择 9.concern n.担忧，忧虑vt.与……有关；使担心→ adj.关切的，关心的→ prep.关于 10.accommodate v.容纳；为……提供住宿→ n.住处 11.※power n.权力；能力→ adj.效能高的；强有力的；强壮的→（反义词） adj.无影响力的；无权的；无能为力的 12.real adj.真的→ adv.真实地→ n.现实；真实 13.press vt.按,压→ n.压力 14.deliver vi.& vt.递送；传送→ n.递送 15.harm vt.& n.伤害，损害→ adj.有害的→（反义词） adj.无害的 16.argue v.争论→ n.论点；论据 17.reward v.回报→ adj.有益的；有意义的 18.※limit v.限制→ adj.局限的，限制性的→ adj.有限的 19.brief adj.简洁的，简明的→ adv.简短地 20.locate vt.把……安置在→ n.位置；地点→ adj.位于;坐落在 21.option n.选择→ adj.可选择的；非强制的 22.imagine vt.想象→ n.想象→ adj.想象的，虚构的 23.※amaze vt.使惊奇→ n.惊奇→ adj.惊讶的→ adj.了不起的；惊人的 24.privacy n.隐私→ adj.私有的；私人的→ adv.私下地；私自 25.sail v.航行→ n.水手，海员 26.access n.通道，通路，入径；（使用或见到的）机会，权利→ adj.易懂的；易得到的 三、常考单词 1. effect n.效应；影响 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）in effect 实际上 come into effect 生效 put...into effect 实施；使……生效 have an effect/influence/impact on/upon... 对……产生影响 （2）effective adj. 有效的；有影响的 be effective in doing sth. 有效地做某事 （3）effectively adv. 有效地；有影响地 （2024·全国甲卷满分作文）Besides, China's high-speed railway network has connected various cities effectively, greatly saving travel time and promoting economic development. 此外，中国的高速铁路网有效地连接了各个城市，大大节省了旅行时间，促进了经济发展。 2.trick vt.欺骗；诱骗；哄骗 n.计谋；伎俩；技巧；诀窍 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）trick sb.out of sth. 骗取某人某物 trick sb.into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事 （2）the trick of doing sth. 做某事的诀窍 play a trick/tricks on sb. 捉弄某人 Mastering the trick of doing complex calculations in his head, he was able to solve the difficult math problem in just a few seconds, which impressed everyone at the competition. 他掌握了在脑海中做复杂计算的方法，仅用几秒钟就解决了这道数学难题，这让比赛中的所有人都印象深刻。 3. sensible adj.朴素实用的;明智的,合理的；意识到的 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）sense n. 感觉；见识；意义；理智 vt. 感觉到 make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚 make sense of 理解；明白 It makes （no） sense to do sth.=There is （no） sense in doing sth. 做某事（没）有道理/意义。 （2）in a sense从 某种意义上说 in no sense 决不（置于句首时，句子用部分倒装） In no sense can we ignore the importance of environmental protection, as it is crucial for the future of our planet.［应用文写作之环境保护］ 我们绝不能忽视环境保护的重要性，因为它对我们地球的未来至关重要。 4.concern n.担忧，忧虑 vt.与……有关；使担心；涉及 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）show/express concern about/for... 对……表示关心/担心 （2）concerned adj. 担心的；关注的；相关的 be concerned about/for... 担心……；忧虑…… be concerned with... 涉及……；关心……；关注…… as far as...be concerned 就……而言 （3）concerning prep. 关于；涉及 1. My parents are always concerned about my well-being and make sure I'm eating healthily and getting enough sleep. 我的父母总是关心我的健康，确保我吃得健康并且有充足的睡眠。 2. As far as I am concerned, students should do more listening and speaking so that they can develop their communication skills, which are crucial for their future academic and professional success.［应用文写作之建议信］ 就我而言，学生应该多听多说，以便他们能够提高自己的交流能力，这对他们未来的学业和职业成功至关重要。 5. cheat v.欺骗；作弊；舞弊 n.欺诈行为；骗子 背重点 背写作佳句 cheat sb. （out） of sth. 骗取某人某物 cheat sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事 cheat in the exam 考试作弊 What astonished him was that his son had been caught cheating in the exam. 让他大为吃惊的是，他的儿子考试作弊被抓住了。 ［读后续写之神态描写］ 6.view n.看法；观点；视野；风景 v.看,把……视为；观看；考虑 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）come into view 进入视野；看得见 in one's view/opinion=from one's point of view 在某人看来 have a good view of 清楚地看到 in view of 鉴于；考虑到 （2）view...as... 把……看作…… The community views the local library as a vital resource, providing education, entertainment, and a sense of belonging for all members. 社区将当地图书馆视为重要资源，为所有成员提供教育、娱乐和归属感。 7.reality n.现实；事实 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）in reality 事实上，实际上 come into reality 实现 become a reality 成为现实 （2）realize vt. 实现；意识到；了解 realistic adj. 现实的；现实主义的 He looked very confident and calm during the test, but in reality he was extremely nervous. 考试时他看上去自信且冷静，但事实上他非常紧张。 8. harm vt.& n.伤害，损害 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）There is no harm in doing... 做……无害处。 （2）harmful adj. 有害的，导致损害的 be harmful to sb./sth. 对某人/某物有害 （1）I cupped my hand over the phone, whispering that I meant no harm.［读后续写之动作描写］ 我用手捂住电话,低声说我没有恶意。 （2）Negative thoughts and emotions can be harmful to your mental well-being. 消极的想法和情绪对你的心理健康有害。 9. replace v.接替；取代；把……放回原处 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）replace...with/by... 用……替换…… （2）“代替，取代”的其他表达： take the place of=take one's place in place of=in one's place （3）replacement n. 更换；替换；替换物；替代者 As the technology advances, there is a concern that robots might replace human workers in manufacturing industries. 随着技术的进步，人们担心机器人可能会在制造业中取代人类工人的位置。 10.concentrate vi.专注，专心；集中注意力 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）concentrate （one's attention/efforts/mind） on/upon （doing） sth. 专注于（做）某事 （2）concentration n． 集中；专心；专注 concentrated adj. 集中的 （1）With his attention concentrated on his book, he didn't even look up when we came in. 因为他的注意力集中在他的书上，所以我们进来时他甚至都没有抬头看。 （2）However, long screen time would badly damage our eyesight, not to mention that we fail to concentrate well on learning for lacking self-discipline. 然而，长时间看屏幕会严重损害我们的视力，更不用说我们会因为缺乏自律而不能很好地集中精力学习了。 11. rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的 背重点 背写作佳句 reward n. 报酬；奖金 vt. 酬劳；奖赏 as a reward for... 作为……的报酬/奖赏 in reward for... 为酬谢……；作为……的奖励或回报 reward sb.（with...） for sth. 因为某事而（用……）酬谢某人 About 2 hours later，we all reached the top. Though out of breath，we were rewarded with beautiful scenery. 大约两小时后，我们都到达了山顶。尽管（累得）上气不接下气，但我们看到了美丽的风景。 12. content adj.满意的，满足的 n.满足；内容；所含之物；目录 vt.使满足 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）to one's heart's content 尽情地；心满意足地 （2）content oneself with 满足于 （3）be content to do sth. 愿意做某事 be/feel content with... 对……满足/满意 （1）We should never content ourselves with book knowledge only and should apply theory to practice. ［应用文写作之演讲稿］ 我们永远不能仅仅满足于书本知识,应该把理论应用到实践中去。 （2）My parents are content to live in the countryside, where the air is fresh and clean. 我的父母喜欢住在乡下，那里的空气清新、干净。 13. focus vi.给予某物关注 vt.集中；聚焦 n.中心点；焦点 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）focus on/upon... 集中（注意力/精力）于…… focus one's attention/eyes/energy on/upon... 集中注意力/精力于…… （2）focused adj. 注意力集中的；目标明确的 （1）Take a deep breath and relax yourself instead of focusing your attention on/upon what brings you stress， and you will fall asleep soon. ［应用文写作之建议信］ 深呼吸，放松自己，而不是专注于带给你压力的事情，你就会很快入睡。 （2）The athlete needs to stay focused during the competition to avoid mistakes. 运动员在比赛中需要保持专注，以免犯错。 14.limiting adj.局限的，限制性的 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）limit n. 限度；限制 v. 限制；限定 set a limit to/on sth. 对某事规定限度 there is a/no limit to （doing）... 对（做）……是有限制的/无限制的 （2）limited adj. 有限的 be limited to sth. 受……限制 limitless adj. 无限的 He knew his own limits and never took on more work than he could handle. 他了解自己的极限,从不接受超出自己能力范围的工作。 四．单元短语 1. 沉迷 2. 作为……而出名 3. 各种各样的 4. 而不是 5. 超过，多于 6. 或多或少 7. 走来走去 8. 期待 9. 建立 10. 关心…… 11. 除此之外 12. 以……为基础；基于 13. 诚实面对…… 14. 关注 15. 与……保持联系 16. 指出 17. 查明 18. 有许多共同之处 19. 对……感到惊讶 20. 恢复生机 21. 记录 22. 一系列 23. 寻找 五．单元佳句 1.Once I play games for more than an hour， a bell rings to remind me that my time is up.（once引导状语从句） 一旦我玩游戏超过一个小时，就有铃声响起提醒我时间到了。 2.Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world.（so...that...） 一些用户担心他们在虚拟世界中花费了太多时间，以至于他们开始害怕与现实世界中的人见面。 3.The use of several avatars can also be a risk， as people can use avatars to cheat others online.（as引导原因状语从句） 使用多个虚拟形象也可能会带来风险，因为人们可以在网上使用虚拟形象来欺骗他人。 4.You can stay in touch with friends no matter where you are or what you are doing.（“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句） 无论你在哪里，在做什么，都可以和朋友保持联系。 5.It also makes the art accessible to the world while protecting the original artworks for the future.（make+宾语+宾语补足语） 它也使得艺术走向世界，同时为将来保护了原始艺术品。 六．单元语法 过去将来时 一、过去将来时的含义 过去将来时表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 *I thought he wouldn't attend the social evening, but to my surprise, he came. 我原以为他不会参加这个联欢晚会， 但是令我惊讶的是，他来了。 二、过去将来时的时间状语 1．at six the next morning/afternoon/night、the next day/Friday/week/month等； 2．the following day/week/month/year等； 3．two days/three weeks/four years later等； 4．after 10 o'clock、after 10 o'clock in the morning等； 5．when、after引导的时间状语从句。 *When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you. 当你向李磊求助时，他从不会拒绝你。 *I would go to see him after he came back from hospital. 他从医院回来之后，我会去看他。 三、过去将来时的结构及用法 1．由“would/should＋动词原形”构成，should主要用于主语是第一人称时，would可用于各种人称。 *She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates that term. 她告诉我们那个学期她将尽她最大努力赶上班里其他同学。 2．“was/were＋going to＋动词原形”常用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。 *They said that they were going to be sent to meet her at the railway station. 他们说他们将被派到火车站去接她。 3．come、go、leave、arrive、start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。 *She told me she was coming to see me. 她告诉我她将来看望我。 4．条件状语从句和时间状语从句中需用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 *I didn't know when she would come but when she came I would let you know. 我不知道她什么时候会来，但是她来的时候我会让你知道。 5．was/were to＋动词原形。 *He said that Li Lei was to arrive soon. 他说李磊很快就会到达。 6．was/were about to＋动词原形或was/were on the point of＋动词-ing形式。 *He was about to leave when the bell rang. 他刚要离开，这时铃响了。 七．单元写作 个人简介 介绍个人基本信息、性格特点、兴趣爱好、阅读偏好与申请意图，用于在线个人档案（如申请加入读书俱乐部）、校园活动申请、课堂自我介绍等写作中。 时态以一般现在时为主，人称以第一人称为主。 [基本框架] 开头： 用户名/自我称呼 + 年龄、身份等基本信息 主体： ① 介绍性格特点和个人基本情况；② 描述兴趣爱好、课余活动习惯、喜爱的书籍类型；③ 表达对某本书或某类书籍的个人见解与评价 结尾： 表达加入俱乐部/社团的意愿与交流期待 [常用词块] 1. a senior secondary school student 高中生 2. favourite subject 最喜欢的科目 3. in one's free/spare time 在某人空闲时间 4. be usually in the library 通常在图书馆 5. explore new places 探索新地方 6. a way of doing sth 做某事的方式 7. explore the unknown world 探索未知世界 8. have a lot in common 有很多共同之处 9. want to find out what happened to... 想知道……发生了什么 10. the reason for joining the club 加入俱乐部的原因 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1. Hi, everyone! I'm happy to be here and let me tell you a little about myself. 2. My name is ... and I'm a ... student. 3. I'm a ... student and my favourite subject is ... 4. Hi there! I'd love to share something about myself with all of you. 5. Hello, let me introduce myself to you all! ★正文佳句 1. I also enjoy history and geography, and I love exploring new places with my family. 2. In my free time, I'm usually in the library or at the park with a good book. 3. I've always loved to read! I think reading is just another way of exploring the unknown world. 4. It's an exciting experience for me. 5. In my opinion, the author did an amazing job of creating a whole new world through this book. 6. After reading it, I wanted to find out what happened to each of the characters. 7. I like ... most, because we have a lot in common. 8. I hold the belief that reading can take me to places I've never been. 9. That's why I believe that books about foreign cultures or imaginary worlds are the best! 10. I also have a strong preference for fantasy and adventure stories. ★余味结尾 1. I think it's fun to hear about new books that other people enjoy. 2. Is there a book that you really like? Let's share ideas! 3. I'm hoping to find someone who shares the same love for reading as I do. 4. I'm looking forward to meeting you all and starting this wonderful reading journey together. 5. Let's explore the world of books together — I can't wait to hear your recommendations! [写作任务] 你是高一学生李华，想申请加入学校的线上读书俱乐部。请根据以下提示，用英语写一份个人档案（personal profile）进行自我介绍。 写作要点： 1. 自我介绍（用户名、年龄、年级、性格、兴趣爱好等）； 2. 阅读习惯与喜爱的书籍类型； 3. 加入读书俱乐部的理由和期待。 注意：词数100左右；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Age: 17 I'm a senior secondary school student and my favourite subject is English. I also enjoy history and geography. In my free time, I'm usually in the library with a good book. I'm an easy-going person and I love exploring new places with my family. I've always loved to read! I think reading is just another way of exploring the unknown world. That's why I believe that books about foreign cultures or imaginary worlds are the best! Favourite types of books: Fantasy and travel Favourite books: I like all the books in the Harry Potter series. However, I think the first one is the best. In my opinion, the author did an amazing job of creating a whole new world. After reading it, I wanted to find out what happened to each of the characters. I like Hermione most, because we have a lot in common. Reason for joining the reading club: I think it's fun to hear about new books that other people enjoy. Is there a fantasy book that you really like? Let's share ideas! Unit 5 Humans and Nature 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公17 / 59 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.disaster n. 2.wildlife n. 3.comment n. 4.living adj. 5.weed n. 6.insect n. 7.soil n. 8.climate n. 9.ecology n. 10.lecture n. 11.million n. 12.greenhouse n. 13.title n. 14.wave n. 15.escape vi.& vt. 16.poetry n. 17.horrible adj. 18.edge n. 19.tube n. 20.rescue n.& vt. 21.vehicle n. 22.trap vt. 23.death n. 24.damage n. 25.measure vt. 26.overseas adv. 27.site n. 28.process n. 29.battle n. 30.duty n. 31.conduct vt. vi.& vt. 32.lamp n. 33.nearby adv. 34.breathe vi.& vt. 35.dust n. 36.captain n. 37.polar adj. 38.ambition n. 39.exploration n. 40.prove vt. 41.continent n. 42.shelter n. 43.observe vt. 44.metal n. 二、单词拓展 1.crowd n.人群 v.挤满→ adj.拥挤的；挤满人的 2.shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信→ adj.震惊的→ adj.令人震惊的 3.survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存→ n.幸存→ n.幸存者 4.frighten vt.使害怕→ adj.受惊的，害怕的→ adj.令人害怕的 5.curious adj.好奇的→ n.好奇（心） 6.observe vt.观察→ n.观察；观察结果→ n.观察者 7.equal adj.相等的；相同的→ adv.平等地→ n.平等 8.attempt n.& vt.努力，尝试，企图→ adj.企图的；未遂的 9.interrupt vi.& vt.打断讲话→ n.打断 10.lose v.遗失；丧失→ n.丧失；死亡 11.operate v.做手术；操作→ n.行动，活动；手术；操作→ n.操作人员；技工；电话员；接线员 12.suffer v.遭受→ n.（肉体或精神上的）痛苦；折磨 13.protect vt.保护→ n.保护；防护 14.explore v.探索→ n.探险；探索→ n.探险者；勘察者 15.prepare v.准备→ n.预备，准备→ adj.准备好的 16.base n.基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地→ n.基础→ adj.基础的→ adv.基本上；大体上 17.anxiety n.焦虑→ adj.焦虑的；不安的→ adv.焦虑地；不安地 18.cheer v.欢呼→ adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的 19.distant adj.久远的；遥远的→ n.距离；遥远 20.honest adj.坦诚的；诚实的→ n.坦诚；诚实，正直 21.brave adj.勇敢的→ n.勇气；勇敢的行为 22.vary v.变化→ n.多样，种类→ adj.各种各样的→ adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 23.scare v.（使）害怕；受惊吓→ adj.害怕的→ adj.可怕的，恐怖的 24.disappear vi.消亡；消失→ n.消亡；消失 三、常考单词 1. comment n.评论；意见 vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）comment on/upon... 对……进行评论 （2）make a comment/comments on...对……作出评论 make no comment on...不对……发表评论 no comment无可奉告 Hearing this question, she said angrily,“No comment！” ［读后续写之有效对话］ 听到这个问题，她生气地说：“无可奉告！” 2. crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）be crowded with...挤满…… （2）crowd n. 群；人群；观众； v.使……拥挤；涌上（心头） follow the crowd随大流 crowds/a crowd of一群；成群的 （3）crowd into/onto sth.=crowd in大批涌入 crowd in （on sb.）=crowd into sb.'s mind涌入某人脑海 Do your own thing, and don't just follow the crowd.［应用文写作之建议信］ 做你自己的事情，不要随大流。 3.shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信 n.震惊；休克 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）a great shock to sb.对某人来说是一个极大的打击 in shock震惊；吃惊 （2）shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的 be shocked by/at...对……吃惊 be shocked to do sth.做某事很吃惊 （3）shocking adj.令人震惊的 He was shocked to discover that his best friend had betrayed him, which led to a conflict between them. 他震惊地发现他最好的朋友背叛了自己，这导致了他们之间的冲突。 4.escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避；摆脱；被遗忘；（气体、液体等）泄漏 n.逃脱；逃避；漏出 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）escape from...从……逃脱，从……逃跑 escape （doing） sth.避开（做）某事 escape one's attention逃避某人的注意 （2）have a narrow escape死里逃生 （3）escaped adj.逃跑的 Travel is a good way to relax because it allows us to escape from busy daily work. 旅行是一种放松的好方式，因为它能让我们从繁忙的日常工作中解脱出来。 5. survive v.幸免；幸存；活下来；生还；比……活得长 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）survive from...从……幸存 survive on...依靠……生存 survive...by...比……多活…… （2）survival n.［U］幸存；［C］残存物 survivor n.幸存者，生还者 Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature. 人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，就这一点而论，我们生存的唯一方式是与自然和谐相处。 6.frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）be frightened of （doing） sth.害怕（做）某事 be frightened to do sth.害怕/不敢做某事 （2）frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬 frighten away/off...吓跑…… frighten sb. into/out of doing sth.吓唬某人做/不做某事 （3）frightening adj.令人恐惧的 As I travelled by myself for the first time, I felt a little frightened, but soon I became relaxed. 因为我是第一次独自旅行，我感觉有点害怕，但我很快就放松下来。 7. curious adj.好奇的 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）be curious about... 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth.想要做某事 （2）curiosity n.好奇心 with curiosity好奇地 out of curiosity出于好奇 meet/satisfy one's curiosity满足某人的好奇心 Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind's greatest achievements. 贸易和好奇心通常构成了人类最伟大成就的基础。 8. equal adj.相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的 n.同等的人；相等物 v.等于；比得上 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）be equal to （doing） sth.胜任（做）某事 be equal to sb.与某人平等 （2）without/have no equal 无与伦比 （3）equal sb./sth.in （doing） sth.在（做）某事上比得过 （4）equality n．平等；相等 equally adv.相等地；同等地；同样地 Your body language is equally important, since it reveals a lot about your thoughts and attitudes. 你的肢体语言同样重要，因为它揭示了你的很多想法和态度。 9. rescue n.& vt.营救；救援 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）rescue sb./sth.from... 把某人/某物从……营救出来 come/go to one's rescue来/去营救某人 （2）rescuer n.救援人员 “Never for a second，” the boy told the reporter, “did I doubt that my father would come to my rescue.” 那个男孩告诉记者：“我从未怀疑我的父亲会来救我。” 10.trap n.夹子；陷阱；圈套；困境 v.使困住，使陷于危险中；使落网 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）fall into a trap 落入圈套 set/lay a trap for...为……设下圈套 （2）be trapped in...困在……中；陷在……中 trap sb. into （doing） sth.诱使某人（做）某事 When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly. 当人类由于燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气中，导致地表温度迅速上升。 11. attempt n.& v.企图；试图；尝试；努力 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）make an attempt to do/（at） doing...尝试做…… in an attempt to do...为了做…… at the first attempt第一次尝试 （2）attempt to do/（at） doing...尝试/试图做…… （3）attempted adj.未遂的 Panicked as I was, I attempted to collect my thoughts, trying to explain the situation in the way as concise as possible. 尽管我很惊慌，但我试图整理思绪，尝试用尽可能简洁的方式解释当时的情况。 12. preparation n.预备，准备 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）in preparation for... 为……做准备 make preparations （for...）（为……）做准备 （2）prepare v.使做好准备；使（自己）有准备 prepare for... 为……做准备 prepare sb. for sth.使某人为某事做准备 prepare to do sth.准备做某事 （3）prepared adj. 准备好的；有所准备的 be/get prepared for sth./to do sth.准备某事/做某事 The changes and challenges of your teenage years will prepare you for adulthood. 青少年时期遇到的变化和挑战会让你为成年做好准备。 13.base vt.以……为据点（或总部等）；以……为根据 n.基部；基地；基础 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）base...on/upon... 把……建立在……上 be based on/upon...以……为基础/根据 （2）basis n.基础；根据；基点 on a regular/daily basis定期/每天 on the basis of... 根据…… （3）basic adj.基础的；基本的 （4）basically adv.大体上；基本上 I am writing to inform you of some basic table manners. You should let the elderly eat first， which is based on traditional Chinese customs.［应用文写作之建议信］ 我写信是告知你一些基本的餐桌礼仪。根据中国传统习俗，你应该先让长者用餐。 14.ambition n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）an ambition of doing/to do sth.做某事的雄心 realise/achieve one's ambition（to do.../of doing...）实现某人（做……）的抱负 （2）ambitious adj. 宏大的，艰巨的；有抱负的，有雄心的 be ambitious for... 对……有强烈的期望 With the Olympic Games, each generation celebrates its advent, its joy of living, its faith in the future, its ambition and its will to ascend. 随着奥运会的召开,每一代人都在庆祝它的到来,庆祝它的生活乐趣,庆祝它对未来的信心,庆祝它的雄心壮志和进取的意志。 15. distant adj.遥远的；远处的；远方的；冷漠的 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）be/become distant from...远离……；离……遥远 （2）distance v. 使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系 n.距离；远处；疏远 in the distance 在远处 at/from a distance从远处,有一段距离 at a distance of...在……远的地方 keep sb.at a distance与某人保持一定的距离；对某人冷淡 （3）distantly adv.遥远地；远亲关系地 Standing in the distance, they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. 站在远处，看到云雾从湖南边的尼亚加拉大瀑布上升腾而起，她们感到非常震撼。 16. shelter n.住所；藏身之处；庇护；避难所 v.庇护；躲避 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）take/seek shelter （from）躲避（……） under the shelter of...在……的庇护下 give shelter to庇护 （2）shelter...from...保护……免于…… （1）Relief agencies are stepping up efforts to provide food, shelter and education for poor children in this area. 救济机构正大力为该地区的贫困儿童提供食物、住所和教育。 （2）The house was surrounded by big trees, which sheltered it from severe sunshine. 这所房子被大树包围着，遮住了强烈的阳光。 四．单元短语 1. 突然；刹那 2. 朝着……的方向 3. 在……边缘；某事快要发生（尤指不好的事） 4. 对……变得好奇 5. 形状像…… 6. 搭载；接载 7. 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 8. 吸气 9. 用完；耗尽 10. 为……做准备 11. 停止运转，出故障；分解 12. 在某事上遇到困难 13. 曾经 14. 继续 15. 坚持 16. 是……的所在地/故乡 17. 由……组成 18. 结果；因此 19. 不打扰……;不理会…… 学科网（北京）股份有限公22 / 59 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元佳句 1.The first， the larger the bodies were， the more rapidly they fell.（the+比较级...,the+比较级...） 第一，物体越大，下落越快。 2.But what if I'm trapped?（What if...?） 但是如果我被困住了怎么办？ 3.Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.（完全倒装） 然后漆黑的极地冬季开始了。 4.Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September, 1911.［the+序数词（+名词）+to do］ 1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个动身。 5.He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.（have+宾语+宾语补足语） 他让几队狗拉雪橇，所有的队员都在滑雪板上行进。 六．单元语法 定语从句(2) 一、关系副词引导的定语从句 当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有when、where和why。 1．关系副词when (1)when引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time、day、hour、month、year等，在从句中作时间状语。 (2)when既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。 (3)关系副词when常可用“介词＋which”来代替。 2．关系副词where (1)where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place、room、hall、house、spot、school、country等，在从句中作地点状语。 (2)where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。 (3)关系副词where常可用“介词＋关系代词”来代替。 3．关系副词why (1)why引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示原因的名词，如reason、excuse、explanation等，在从句中作原因状语。 (2)关系副词 why 常可用“for＋which”来代替。 二、关系副词和关系代词的选择 选择关系词可分为两步： 第一步：分析定语从句，看从句中所缺成分确定用关系副词还是关系代词。如从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则选择关系代词；若从句中缺少状语，则用关系副词。 第二步：看先行词。如果根据第一步确定用关系代词且先行词指物，则可用that、which、whose、as，若先行词指人可用that、who(m)、whose等；若根据第一步确定用关系副词，先行词指时间用when，指地点用where，指原因用why。 七．单元写作 灾难逃生的宣传手册 介绍在特定自然灾害（如地震、洪水、台风等）中，不同场所（室内、室外、车内等）应采取的安全防护与逃生措施。用于校园安全宣传栏、社区灾害防范知识普及、校刊征稿等写作场景。 时态以一般现在时为主，人称以第二人称你/你们为主。 [基本框架] 开头： 简要介绍主题灾害的危害性，引出逃生手册的写作目的。 主体： 按照“室内”“室外”“车内”三个主要场景，分类阐述应对措施，每条措施后附简要原因说明。也可按照时间顺序组织，即“灾前准备”“灾中应对”“灾后注意事项”三部分，结构清晰，便于受众快速获取关键信息。 结尾： 总结强调，呼吁读者掌握相关知识，并在必要时冷静应对。 [常用词块] 1. natural disaster 自然灾害 2. take proper safety measures 采取适当的安全措施 3. stay calm and follow the instructions 保持冷静、听从指示 4. drop down onto your hands and knees 蹲下，手膝着地 5. cover your head with your hands 用手护住头部 6. hold on until the shaking stops 抓牢直到晃动停止 7. evacuate to a safe area immediately 立即疏散到安全区域 8. move away from buildings / trees / power lines 远离建筑物/树木/电线 9. avoid something at all costs 竭尽全力避开某事 10. protect yourself from falling objects 保护自己免受掉落物伤害 11. check for injuries and provide first aid 检查伤情并实施急救 12. be prepared for aftershocks 为余震做好准备 [常用语句] ★精彩开头/概括 1. Earthquakes can happen at any time without warning. Knowing how to protect yourself is vital. 2. Floods are among the most common and destructive natural disasters. Being prepared can save lives. 3. When a typhoon hits, proper safety measures can greatly lessen its influence and damages. 4. Knowing what to do before, during and after a natural disaster can mean the difference between life and death. 5. Disasters are unpredictable, but our response doesn't have to be. Here are essential safety tips to help you survive an earthquake. 6. Safety is never too much to learn. This brochure provides practical advice on how to stay safe in different disaster scenarios. ★分类建议 ▶ 室内（Indoors） 1. Drop down onto your hands and knees. This prevents you from being knocked over. （蹲下以防被震倒） 2. Cover your head and neck with your arms and hands. Stay away from windows and heavy furniture. （保护头颈，远离窗户及重物） 3. HOLD ON until the shaking stops. Move only when it is safe to do so. （抓牢直到晃动停止） 4. Find a sturdy desk or table to shelter yourself under. （躲在结实的桌子或书桌下） 5. Don’t try to run out of the building during the shaking. Running is dangerous as you may fall or be hit by falling debris. （晃动时不要试图跑出建筑物） 6. Avoid using elevators. Always use the stairs when evacuating. （切勿使用电梯，始终走楼梯） 7. Stay away from windows, mirrors, and anything that could shatter. （远离窗户、镜子及易碎物品） ▶ 室外（Outdoors） 1. Move to open areas away from buildings, trees, streetlights, and power lines. These structures may fall down during an earthquake. （转移到远离建筑物、树木、路灯和电线的空旷区域） 2. Find a clear spot and stay there until the shaking stops. （寻找空旷处并停留直到晃动停止） 3. Observe your surroundings carefully before you move away. （移动前仔细观察周围环境） 4. If you‘re in a mountainous area, be alert for falling rocks or landslides. （若在山地，警惕落石和山体滑坡） ▶ 车内（In a Car） 1. Stop your car as soon as possible in a clear area and stay seated. （尽快将车停在空旷处，保持就座） 2. The car's metal body can protect you from falling objects. Do not drive until the shaking stops. （车辆的金属车身可保护你免受掉落物伤害） 2. Avoid bridges, overpasses, and anything that could collapse. （避开桥梁、立交桥等可能坍塌的构筑物） 4. Once the shaking stops, drive carefully and watch for damaged roads or debris. （晃动结束后，小心驾驶并注意受损路面或碎片） ▶ 灾前准备（Before the Disaster） 1. Create a family emergency plan and practice it regularly. （制定家庭应急计划并定期演练） 2. Assemble an emergency survival kit with water, food, first-aid supplies, and a flashlight. （准备应急生存包，装好水、食物、急救用品和手电筒） 3. Secure heavy furniture and appliances to the walls. （将重型家具和电器固定在墙上） 4. Know your evacuation routes and identify safe places in every room. （了解疏散路线，熟悉每个房间的安全区域） ▶ 灾后注意事项（After the Disaster） 1. Check yourself and others for injuries and provide first aid if necessary. （检查自己和他人伤情，必要时实施急救） 2. Listen to emergency broadcasts for updates and follow official instructions. （收听紧急广播，听从官方指令） 3. Watch out for damaged power lines, gas leaks, and broken glass. （注意受损电线、煤气泄漏和碎玻璃） 4. Be prepared for aftershocks, as they may happen hours or even days later. （做好余震准备，余震可能在数小时甚至数天后发生） 5. Don’t turn on lights or electric appliances if you smell gas, to avoid the risk of explosion. （闻到煤气味时切勿开灯或电器，以防爆炸） ★余味结尾 1. Stay safe by staying informed. Your life is worth the preparation. 2. Remember: earthquakes don‘t kill people — collapsing buildings do. Prepare and protect yourself. 3. In the face of natural disasters, being prepared is the best protection. Don’t wait until it‘s too late. 4. Share this information with your family and friends. Together, we can build a safer community. 5. Safety starts with you. Take action today to protect yourself and the people you love tomorrow. 6. No one can predict when a disaster will strike, but everyone can be ready. Remember these tips — they might save a life. [参考范文] Earthquake Survival Guide Earthquakes strike suddenly and without warning. Knowing what to do in each situation can save your life. Follow these simple rules. If you are INDOORS: • DROP down onto your hands and knees. This prevents you from being knocked over. • COVER your head and neck with your arms. Hide under a sturdy desk or table if possible. Stay away from windows, mirrors and heavy furniture. • HOLD ON until the shaking stops. Do not try to run out of the building during the earthquake — you may be hit by falling debris. If you are OUTDOORS: • Move quickly to an open area away from buildings, trees, streetlights and power lines. These structures can fall down and cause serious injury. • Find a clear spot and stay there. Observe your surroundings carefully before moving again. If you are IN A CAR: • Stop your car as soon as possible in a clear area and remain seated. The car’s metal body can protect you from falling objects. • Avoid bridges, overpasses and anything that might collapse. Do not drive until the shaking stops. After the earthquake: • Check yourself and others for injuries. Provide first aid if needed. • Listen to emergency broadcasts for further instructions. • Be prepared for aftershocks — they can happen hours or even days later. Stay calm. Stay informed. Your safety is in your hands. Unit 6 The admirable 一、核心单词 1.cure vt. n. 2.justice n. 3.generation n. 4.reform n. 5.apart adj.& adv. 6.female adj. 7.stage n. 8.award vt. 9.gain v. n. 10.literature n. 11.recipe n. 12.resource n. 13.eventually adv. 14.fame n. 15.despite prep. 16.protest n.& vi.& vt. 17.further adj. 18.march n. 19.regard vt. 20.opportunity n. 21.strike vi.& vt. 22.severe adj. 23.movement n. 24.engage vi. 25.design vt. 26.attitude n. 二、单词拓展 1.admire vt.钦佩；欣赏→ adj.令人钦佩的；极其出色的 2.intelligent adj.聪敏的；有智慧的→ n.智力；才智；智慧 3.generous adj.无私的；慷慨的；大方的→ n.慷慨；大方；宽宏大量→ adv.慷慨地；大方地 4.create v.创造→ n.创造→ adj.创造性的；有创造力的→ adv.创造性地；有创造力地 5.effect n.影响；结果→ adj.有效的，产生预期效果的→ adv.有效地；实际上；事实上 6.honour n.荣誉 vt.感到荣幸→ adj.可敬的；值得钦佩的 7.recognize v.认识；认出；辨别出；承认→ n.表彰；赞扬 8.chemical n.化学品 adj.化学的→ n.化学→ n.药剂师；化学家 9.limit v.限制→ adj.有限的→（反义词） adj.无限的 10.promise n.& v.许诺；承诺；答应→ adj.大有希望的 11.wise adj.充满智慧的；明智的；英明的→ n.知识，学问；智慧 12.advance n.发展；进步→ adj.先进的；高级的；高等的 13.dependent adj.依赖的→ n.依赖→（反义词） adj.独立的，自主的→ n.独立 14.peace n.和平→ adj.和平的，没有暴力的 15.race n.种族→ adj.种族的；人种的 16.inspire v.激励，激发→ n.灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）→ adj.鼓舞人心的→ adj.受鼓舞的 17.skin n.皮肤→ adj.皮包骨头的 18.judge vi.& vt.评价；判断→ n.评论；判断 19.impress v.给……留下深刻的印象→ n.印象→ adj.令人钦佩的，给人印象深刻的 20.respect vt.& n.尊敬；敬佩→ adj.可敬的，令人尊敬的→ adj.充满敬意的 21.passion n.强烈的爱好，热爱；激情→ adj.具有强烈信念的；热爱的，酷爱的 22.aware adj.意识到的→ n.认识；意识 23.organise v.组织→ n.组织；团体；机构→ adj.有组织的；有条理的 24.depress v.使抑郁，使沮丧→ n.忧郁，沮丧，消沉；抑郁症→ adj.忧郁的,沮丧的 25.commit v.做出（错误或非法的事）；犯（罪或错等）；承诺，保证→ n.投入，忠诚，奉献；承诺 26.intense adj.强烈的，剧烈的→ adv.强烈地，剧烈地 27.energy n.精力→ adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的 28.disable v.使丧失能力；使伤残→ n.伤残，残障，障碍 29.sum n.总和;金额v.求和;概括→ n.概要；摘要；总结→ v.总结；概述 30.origin n.起源；源头→ adj.原先的，最初的→ adv.原先，最初 三、常考单词 1. admirable adj.令人钦佩的；极其出色的；值得赞赏的；令人羡慕的 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）admire vt. 钦佩；赞赏；欣赏；羡慕 admire sb. for sth. 因某事而羡慕/钦佩某人 （2）admiration n. 赞赏；钦佩；仰慕 with/in admiration 羡慕地 have/express admiration for sb./sth. 羡慕/钦佩某人/物 During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. 中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭、赏月、品尝月饼。［应用文写作之传统节日］ 2. cure vt.治好（疾病）；治愈 n.疗法 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）cure sb.of sth. 治愈某人的……病；改正某人的不良行为 （2）a cure for... ……的治疗方法；治愈……的方法 After the recovery, he decided to express his great thanks to the doctor who cured him of the disease. 康复后，他决定向治愈他的病的医生表示深深的感谢。 3.generous adj.无私的；慷慨的；大方的 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）be generous with sth. 在某方面慷慨/大方 be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨/大方 be generous in doing... 乐于做…… It is generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是宽宏大量/真大方。 （2）generosity n. 慷慨；大方 （3）generously adv. 慷慨地；大方地 She herself lived a simple or rather poor life， but she was so generous to the people in need of help. 她自己过着简朴或相当贫穷的生活，但她对需要帮助的人非常慷慨。 4.stage n.（进展的）阶段；时期；舞台；（与the连用）戏剧；戏剧表演 背重点 背写作佳句 on stage 在舞台上 go on the stage 当演员；上舞台 set the stage for... 为……做好准备（创造条件） at this stage 在这个阶段 You are definitely welcome to show up on stage, which will add color and fun to our festival. 欢迎您登台演出，这将为我们的节日增添色彩和乐趣。［应用文写作之邀请信］ 5. award vt.授予；给予；判定 n.奖；奖品 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）award sth.to sb. =award sb.sth. 授予某人某物 （2）win/receive/get an award for... 因……而得奖 give an award to...for... 因……授予……奖励 take up an award 接受奖项 Learning that you were awarded the first prize， I am writing to express my sincere congratulations to you.［应用文写作之祝贺信］ 得知您被授予一等奖，我写信向您表示衷心的祝贺。 6. honour n.荣誉；尊敬；崇敬；荣幸，光荣 vt.感到荣幸；尊敬；敬重 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）It's an honour for sb.to do sth. 对某人来说做某事很荣幸。 feel it an honour to do sth. 为做某事感到荣幸 in honour of... 向……表示敬意；为纪念…… （2）honour sb.for （doing） sth. 因（做）某事而表彰某人 be/feel honoured to do sth. 做某事感到荣幸 （3）honourable adj. 可敬的；体面的 （2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ满分作文）I feel it a great honour to invite you to give an interview on the English program “Talk and Talk” in our school's radio station. 我很荣幸邀请你参加我们学校广播电台的英语节目《谈话》的采访。 7. recognition n.表彰；赞扬 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）beyond recognition 认不出来 gain recognition as... 获得……（身份）的认可 （2）recogniz（s）e vt. 认识，辨认出；意识到；（正式）承认，认可 be recogniz（s）ed as/to be... 被认为是…… It is recogniz（s）ed that... 人们公认…… （3）recogniz（s）able adj. 易认出的，易识别的 In time, he gained recognition as one of the greatest artists China has ever known. 随着时间的推移，他被公认为中国有史以来最伟大的艺术家之一。 8. advance v.促进；前进；预支；提前；提出（想法、理论、计划） n.前进；进步 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）advance on/towards... 朝……前进 （2）in advance 预先；提前 make an advance/advances in... 在……方面取得进步 （3）advanced adj. 先进的；高级的 （1）It is this kind of inspiration that keeps our thirst for knowledge alive and ensures that advances in space exploration and many other fields will continue to be made. 正是这种灵感使我们保持对知识的渴望，并确保空间探索和许多其他领域将继续取得进步。 （2）You'd better learn more about the history of Chinese modern drama in advance, which will give you more background information. 你最好提前多了解中国现代戏剧史，这会给你更多的背景信息。 9. regard vi.认为，看作；看待 n.注意，关注；关心；问候 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）regard...as... 把……当作…… （2）with/in regard to 关于 as regards 关于；至于 give one's regards to sb. 代某人向某人问候 （3）regarding prep. 关于 Yang Liwei, known as the first Chinese astronaut to go to space, is regarded as a national hero. 杨利伟，作为第一个进入太空的中国航天员，被认为是国家英雄。 10.awareness n.认识；意识 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）raise/arouse one's awareness of... 提高/唤起某人的……意识 （2）aware adj. 意识到的，明白的；知道的 be/become aware of... 知道……；意识到，察觉到 be aware that... 意识到/体会到…… as far as I'm aware 据我所知 In order to have much knowledge of Chinese culture, it is of importance for you to be aware of the content of Tang poetry. 为了对中国文化有更多的了解，了解唐诗的内容是很重要的。 11. engage vi.参加；参与（活动） vt.吸引住（注意力、兴趣）；雇用，聘请;（使）订婚；（使）参加 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）engage （sb.） in （使某人）从事；（使某人）参与 engage oneself in 从事于；忙于 （2）engaged adj. 忙于……的；从事于……的；已订婚的 be engaged in 参加；从事于；忙于 be engaged to... 与……订婚 （3）engaging adj. 有趣的；迷人的 engagement n. 订婚；约会;约定 By delivering the content in a meaningful way, this new approach to learning manages to engage students' interest and enhance learning efficiency. 这种新的学习方法通过一种有意义的方式来呈现内容，以此成功地吸引学生的兴趣，提高学习效率。 12. design n.设计；图案；构思；打算；意图 v.计划；设计；构思；制订 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）by design 故意 （2）be designed for... 为……而设计 be designed to do... 目的是做…… be designed as... 被设计成…… （3）designer n. 设计者 The program designed for entertainment turned out to be much too serious. 这个为娱乐而设计的节目结果却太过严肃了。 四．单元短语 1. 灭火 2. 努力争取……，为……斗争 3. 心里已有…… 4. 除……之外 5. 在……的帮助下 6. 导致 7. 偶然发现；偶遇 8. 挑选 9. 不久前某一天 10. 被认为，被看作 11. 参加选拔 12. 由于，因为 13. 支持 14. 主修 15. 需要帮助的 16. 要求 17. 发射 18. 至少 19. 尽管……（仍……）；虽然；不顾 五．单元佳句 1.The woman was Tu Youyou， the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.［the+序数词（+名词）+to do］ 这位女士就是屠呦呦，她是第一位因其工作而获得诺贝尔奖的中国女科学家。 2.The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.（the reason why...is/was that...） 这项任务困难的原因是团队资源有限。 3.Thus， not only is he known as a superhero in the Superman films， but he is also regarded as a superhero to many in real life.（not only...but also...） 因此，他不仅是《超人》电影中的超级英雄，而且在现实生活中他也被许多人视为超级英雄。 4.It was only due to the ongoing support of his wife， parents and friends that he eventually found the will to live again.（强调句型） 正是因为妻子、父母和朋友的不断支持，他才最终找到了重新生活的意愿。 5.This was a time when the German Nazis were killing Jews.（This was a time when...） 这是德国纳粹屠杀犹太人的时期。 六．单元语法 定语从句(3) 一、关系代词的确定 　　 “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词不能省略；反之，当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(指物)，that/who/whom(指人)作介词的宾语，作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略；如果关系代词作定语，也可用whose。 *This is the book for which you asked. (which不能省略) 这是你所要的书。 *This is the book which you asked for. (which可省略) 这是你所要的书。 二、介词的选取 “介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用应根据上下文要表达的具体意思、先行词的习惯搭配或定语从句中某些单词或短语的习惯搭配而定。具体用法如下： 1．根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。该动词与介词搭配构成动词短语。 *Is this the car for which you paid a high price？(pay for sth.) 这就是你花高价买的车吗？ 2．根据定语从句中的形容词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。该形容词与介词搭配构成形容词短语。 *He brought the result with which the boss was satisfied.(be satisfied with) 他带来了让老板非常满意的结果。 3．根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词，它与介词之间有一定的联系。 *Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time？(on the day) 你还记得我们第一次见面的日子吗？ 4．根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，定语从句中的谓语动词与介词也不能构成固定的动词短语，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。 *This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years. 这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。 三、 “介词＋关系代词”的特殊用法 1．“介词＋关系代词”前出现不定代词(all、both、none、neither、many、few、the rest等)、数词(分数、百分数等)及“the＋最高级/比较级”等，用来表示部分、数目等意义。 *The event was organized by two people, neither of whom is a professional. 这次活动是由两个人组织的，他们都不是专业人士。 2．在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after、look for等，也不能把介词移至which或whom之前。 3．在 “the＋名词＋of＋关系代词” 或 “of＋关系代词＋the＋名词”结构中一定不能漏掉冠词the；在“whose＋名词”结构中一定不能加上冠词 the。 *I live in the room, the windows of which face south. ＝I live in the room, of which the windows face south. ＝I live in the room, whose windows face south. 我住在那间窗户朝南的屋子里。 4．引导定语从句的关系副词when、where、why在定语从句中分别作时间、地点、原因状语时，可根据其在句中的搭配关系，转换成相应的“介词＋which”结构。 *It was a special day when I saw the admirable person in my heart. ＝It was a special day on which I saw the admirable person in my heart. 那是一个特殊的日子，在那天，我见到了我心中敬佩的人。 *It was the room where he had lived for ten years. ＝It was the room in which he had lived for ten years. 这就是他住了十年的屋子。 5．the way后接定语从句时关系词的选择： the way作先行词，后接定语从句时，若关系词在从句中作状语，则用in which/that，关系词也可省略；若关系词在从句中作宾语、主语等，关系词用which/that，且关系词在从句中作宾语时也可省略。 *The way (in which/that) he treats children is very good. 他对待孩子们的方式非常好。 七．单元写作 概要写作 将一篇较长的文章或段落进行高度浓缩，提取核心要点，用简练的语言概括原文的主要内容。用于记录课堂笔记、阅读报告、学术摘要、高考新题型等写作场景。 时态以一般过去时或一般现在时为主，人称以第三人称为主，遵循客观性原则，不加入个人主观评价或观点。 [基本框架] 记叙文概要写作（最常用） 开头（1句）： 概括文章的背景信息（who, when, where, what——故事围绕何人、何时、何地、何事展开）。 主体（2-3句）： 简要描述事件的发展过程（how——故事如何发展），包括关键情节、转折点或人物所采取的主要行动；故事主人公面临的核心冲突（conflict）及其初步应对。 结尾（1句）： 点明故事的结局或启示（results/lessons），人物从中获得了怎样的经验、感悟或成长，这也是高考读后续写概要的必备内容。 说明文概要写作 结构一般为“说明对象（主题）+ 主要特征/原理 + 结论/应用”。说明文通常围绕某一事物、现象或观点进行客观介绍，包含定义、特征、原理、影响等要素。概要写作时应保留说明对象的定义或性质、核心特征或工作原理、结论或应用价值。 议论文概要写作 结构一般为“论点 + 论据 + 结论”。议论文通常围绕某一观点或现象进行讨论，包含明确的论点、支撑论点的论据（如数据、事例、引用等）以及总结性的结论。概要写作时应概括文章的核心观点，提炼主要论据，用简洁的语言呈现论证过程。 [常用词块] 记叙文概要专用 1. at first / initially 起初 2. then / later / afterwards 接着，后来 3. however / unfortunately 然而，不幸的是 4. as a result / consequently 结果 5. in the end / eventually 最终 6. thanks to / with the help of 多亏了，在……的帮助下 7. go through / experience 经历 8. overcome difficulties / challenges 克服困难/挑战 9. never give up / stay determined 永不放弃，保持坚定 10. learn a lesson from… 从……中吸取教训 11. realize the importance of… 意识到……的重要性 12. turn failure into success 将失败转化为成功 13. be regarded as / be considered as 被认为是 14. make a great contribution to 为……作出巨大贡献 15. set a good example for 为……树立好榜样 说明文概要专用 1. The passage introduces… 文章介绍了…… 2. according to the passage 根据文章所述 3. be caused by / result from 由……引起 4. there are several reasons for… ……有几个原因 5. measures should be taken to… 应该采取措施…… 6. be beneficial to / be harmful to 对……有益/有害 7. play an important role in 在……中起重要作用 8. in conclusion / to sum up 总之 议论文概要专用 1. The author argues that… 作者认为…… 2. It is stated in the passage that… 文章指出…… 3. on the one hand… on the other hand… 一方面……另一方面…… 4. compared with… 与……相比 5. the advantages outweigh the disadvantages 利大于弊 6. therefore / thus 因此 [常用语句]） ★精彩开头（记叙文） 1． The story is about… who… 这个故事是关于……，他/她…… 2． This passage tells us the experience of… 这篇文章讲述了……的经历。 3． The writer shares his/her personal story of… 作者分享了自己……的个人经历。 4． The passage tells a true story of… 文章讲述了一个关于……的真实故事。 ★精彩开头（说明文/议论文） 1． The passage mainly introduces / discusses… 文章主要介绍/讨论了…… 2． According to the passage,… 根据这篇文章，…… 3． It is explained in the passage that… 文章解释了…… 4． The author argues that… 作者认为…… ★正文佳句（记叙文） 1． At first, he / she faced great difficulty in… 起初，他/她在……方面遇到了巨大困难。 2． He / She didn’t give up and worked hard to overcome it. 他/她没有放弃，而是努力去克服。 3． With the help of…, he / she managed to… 在……的帮助下，他/她成功地…… 4． Thanks to his / her determination and persistence, he / she finally succeeded. 多亏了他的决心和坚持，他/她最终成功了。 5． Despite the challenges, he / she never lost heart. 尽管面临挑战，他/她从未灰心。 6． This experience taught him / her a valuable lesson. 这次经历给了他/她一个宝贵的教训。 7． He / She realized that hard work and perseverance pay off. 他/她认识到努力和坚持终有回报。 8． He / She was awarded / honored for his / her great achievements. 他/她因其卓越成就而获奖/受到表彰。 9． The story conveys a powerful message that… 这个故事传达了一个强有力的信息：…… ★正文佳句（说明文/议论文） 1． The passage points out that… 文章指出…… 2． Several factors contribute to this phenomenon. 有几个因素导致了这一现象。 3． To solve this problem, the author suggests that… 为了解决这个问题，作者建议…… 4． It can be concluded that… 可以得出结论…… [参考范文] 写作任务：假定你是李华，你的英语老师要求你为课文“The Superhero Behind Superman”写一篇60词左右的摘要（summary）。请根据以下提示完成。 文章大意：Christopher Reeve因饰演《超人》中的超级英雄而出名，在现实生活中他也积极投身慈善事业，获得了巨大成功。然而，一次意外坠马导致他身受重伤，全身瘫痪，陷入抑郁。但凭借强大的意志力和家人朋友的支持，他坚持康复训练，重新回到了电影和慈善事业中，成为了荧幕上和现实中的双重英雄。 参考范文 ：Christopher Reeve, famous for playing Superman in films, was also a real-life hero due to his devotion to charity.- However, a horse-riding accident left him paralyzed, causing deep depression.-1 With strong willpower and support from his family, he fought back, returned to film and charity work, and inspired many people with his courage and determination. The story conveys that a true superhero is defined by inner strength, not physical power. 学科网（北京）股份有限公59 / 60 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 必修第二册 单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 4 Information Technology 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 59 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.enable vt.使可能，使发生 2.effect n.效应；影响 3.addicted adj.对……着迷的；沉迷的 4.indeed adv.确实；当然 5.download vt.下载 6.alarm n.闹钟 7.trick vt.欺骗，诱骗，哄骗 8.sex n.性别 9.sensible adj.朴素实用的;明智的,合理的 10.obviously adv.显而易见地，明显地 11.experiment vi.& vt.做实验，进行实验n.实验 12.nowadays adv.现今，现时 13.type vi.& vt.打；打字n.类型，种类 14.cheat vt.欺骗；欺诈 15.view vt.看，把……视为 16.subscribe vi.订阅，订购 17.latest adj.最新的；最近的 18.account n.账户 19.device n.设置，装置 20.gender n.性别 21.goods n.商品 22.error n.错误；失误 23.replace vt.取代；接替 24.concentrate vi.专注，专心；集中注意力 25.addition n.增添；添加 26.content n.内容 adj.满足的 27.shallow adj.肤浅的，浅薄的 28.basis n.基础；基点 29.percent n.百分比；百分数 30.opinion n.意见；看法；主张 31.focus vi.& vt.集中（注意力） n.焦点 32.maintain vt.保持；维持 33.series n.系列 34.author n.作者，作家 二、单词拓展 1.convenient adj.方便的，便利的→convenience n.方便，便利 2.※recommend vt.建议；推荐→recommendation n.建议，提议；推荐 3.explore vt.探究；探讨；探险→exploration n.探索→explorer n.探索者 4.※person n.个人→personal adj.个人的→personality n.个性，性格 5.admit vi.& vt.承认→admission n.承认 6.vary v.变化→variety n.多样化，变化→various adj.各种各样的 7.※create v.创造→creative adj.创造性的→creativity n.创造力；独创性 8.select vt.选择→selection n.供选择的同类物品；选择 9.concern n.担忧，忧虑vt.与……有关；使担心→concerned adj.关切的，关心的→concerning prep.关于 10.accommodate v.容纳；为……提供住宿→accommodation n.住处 11.※power n.权力；能力→powerful adj.效能高的；强有力的；强壮的→（反义词）powerless adj.无影响力的；无权的；无能为力的 12.real adj.真的→really adv.真实地→reality n.现实；真实 13.press vt.按,压→pressure n.压力 14.deliver vi.& vt.递送；传送→delivery n.递送 15.harm vt.& n.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→（反义词）harmless adj.无害的 16.argue v.争论→argument n.论点；论据 17.reward v.回报→rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的 18.※limit v.限制→limiting adj.局限的，限制性的→limited adj.有限的 19.brief adj.简洁的，简明的→briefly adv.简短地 20.locate vt.把……安置在→location n.位置；地点→located adj.位于;坐落在 21.option n.选择→optional adj.可选择的；非强制的 22.imagine vt.想象→imagination n.想象→imaginary adj.想象的，虚构的 23.※amaze vt.使惊奇→amazement n.惊奇→amazed adj.惊讶的→amazing adj.了不起的；惊人的 24.privacy n.隐私→private adj.私有的；私人的→privately adv.私下地；私自 25.sail v.航行→sailor n.水手，海员 26.access n.通道，通路，入径；（使用或见到的）机会，权利→accessible adj.易懂的；易得到的 三、常考单词 1. effect n.效应；影响 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）in effect 实际上 come into effect 生效 put...into effect 实施；使……生效 have an effect/influence/impact on/upon... 对……产生影响 （2）effective adj. 有效的；有影响的 be effective in doing sth. 有效地做某事 （3）effectively adv. 有效地；有影响地 （2024·全国甲卷满分作文）Besides, China's high-speed railway network has connected various cities effectively, greatly saving travel time and promoting economic development. 此外，中国的高速铁路网有效地连接了各个城市，大大节省了旅行时间，促进了经济发展。 2.trick vt.欺骗；诱骗；哄骗 n.计谋；伎俩；技巧；诀窍 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）trick sb.out of sth. 骗取某人某物 trick sb.into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事 （2）the trick of doing sth. 做某事的诀窍 play a trick/tricks on sb. 捉弄某人 Mastering the trick of doing complex calculations in his head, he was able to solve the difficult math problem in just a few seconds, which impressed everyone at the competition. 他掌握了在脑海中做复杂计算的方法，仅用几秒钟就解决了这道数学难题，这让比赛中的所有人都印象深刻。 3. sensible adj.朴素实用的;明智的,合理的；意识到的 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）sense n. 感觉；见识；意义；理智 vt. 感觉到 make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚 make sense of 理解；明白 It makes （no） sense to do sth.=There is （no） sense in doing sth. 做某事（没）有道理/意义。 （2）in a sense从 某种意义上说 in no sense 决不（置于句首时，句子用部分倒装） In no sense can we ignore the importance of environmental protection, as it is crucial for the future of our planet.［应用文写作之环境保护］ 我们绝不能忽视环境保护的重要性，因为它对我们地球的未来至关重要。 4.concern n.担忧，忧虑 vt.与……有关；使担心；涉及 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）show/express concern about/for... 对……表示关心/担心 （2）concerned adj. 担心的；关注的；相关的 be concerned about/for... 担心……；忧虑…… be concerned with... 涉及……；关心……；关注…… as far as...be concerned 就……而言 （3）concerning prep. 关于；涉及 1. My parents are always concerned about my well-being and make sure I'm eating healthily and getting enough sleep. 我的父母总是关心我的健康，确保我吃得健康并且有充足的睡眠。 2. As far as I am concerned, students should do more listening and speaking so that they can develop their communication skills, which are crucial for their future academic and professional success.［应用文写作之建议信］ 就我而言，学生应该多听多说，以便他们能够提高自己的交流能力，这对他们未来的学业和职业成功至关重要。 5. cheat v.欺骗；作弊；舞弊 n.欺诈行为；骗子 背重点 背写作佳句 cheat sb. （out） of sth. 骗取某人某物 cheat sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事 cheat in the exam 考试作弊 What astonished him was that his son had been caught cheating in the exam. 让他大为吃惊的是，他的儿子考试作弊被抓住了。 ［读后续写之神态描写］ 6.view n.看法；观点；视野；风景 v.看,把……视为；观看；考虑 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）come into view 进入视野；看得见 in one's view/opinion=from one's point of view 在某人看来 have a good view of 清楚地看到 in view of 鉴于；考虑到 （2）view...as... 把……看作…… The community views the local library as a vital resource, providing education, entertainment, and a sense of belonging for all members. 社区将当地图书馆视为重要资源，为所有成员提供教育、娱乐和归属感。 7.reality n.现实；事实 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）in reality 事实上，实际上 come into reality 实现 become a reality 成为现实 （2）realize vt. 实现；意识到；了解 realistic adj. 现实的；现实主义的 He looked very confident and calm during the test, but in reality he was extremely nervous. 考试时他看上去自信且冷静，但事实上他非常紧张。 8. harm vt.& n.伤害，损害 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）There is no harm in doing... 做……无害处。 （2）harmful adj. 有害的，导致损害的 be harmful to sb./sth. 对某人/某物有害 （1）I cupped my hand over the phone, whispering that I meant no harm.［读后续写之动作描写］ 我用手捂住电话,低声说我没有恶意。 （2）Negative thoughts and emotions can be harmful to your mental well-being. 消极的想法和情绪对你的心理健康有害。 9. replace v.接替；取代；把……放回原处 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）replace...with/by... 用……替换…… （2）“代替，取代”的其他表达： take the place of=take one's place in place of=in one's place （3）replacement n. 更换；替换；替换物；替代者 As the technology advances, there is a concern that robots might replace human workers in manufacturing industries. 随着技术的进步，人们担心机器人可能会在制造业中取代人类工人的位置。 10.concentrate vi.专注，专心；集中注意力 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）concentrate （one's attention/efforts/mind） on/upon （doing） sth. 专注于（做）某事 （2）concentration n． 集中；专心；专注 concentrated adj. 集中的 （1）With his attention concentrated on his book, he didn't even look up when we came in. 因为他的注意力集中在他的书上，所以我们进来时他甚至都没有抬头看。 （2）However, long screen time would badly damage our eyesight, not to mention that we fail to concentrate well on learning for lacking self-discipline. 然而，长时间看屏幕会严重损害我们的视力，更不用说我们会因为缺乏自律而不能很好地集中精力学习了。 11. rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的 背重点 背写作佳句 reward n. 报酬；奖金 vt. 酬劳；奖赏 as a reward for... 作为……的报酬/奖赏 in reward for... 为酬谢……；作为……的奖励或回报 reward sb.（with...） for sth. 因为某事而（用……）酬谢某人 About 2 hours later，we all reached the top. Though out of breath，we were rewarded with beautiful scenery. 大约两小时后，我们都到达了山顶。尽管（累得）上气不接下气，但我们看到了美丽的风景。 12. content adj.满意的，满足的 n.满足；内容；所含之物；目录 vt.使满足 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）to one's heart's content 尽情地；心满意足地 （2）content oneself with 满足于 （3）be content to do sth. 愿意做某事 be/feel content with... 对……满足/满意 （1）We should never content ourselves with book knowledge only and should apply theory to practice. ［应用文写作之演讲稿］ 我们永远不能仅仅满足于书本知识,应该把理论应用到实践中去。 （2）My parents are content to live in the countryside, where the air is fresh and clean. 我的父母喜欢住在乡下，那里的空气清新、干净。 13. focus vi.给予某物关注 vt.集中；聚焦 n.中心点；焦点 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）focus on/upon... 集中（注意力/精力）于…… focus one's attention/eyes/energy on/upon... 集中注意力/精力于…… （2）focused adj. 注意力集中的；目标明确的 （1）Take a deep breath and relax yourself instead of focusing your attention on/upon what brings you stress， and you will fall asleep soon. ［应用文写作之建议信］ 深呼吸，放松自己，而不是专注于带给你压力的事情，你就会很快入睡。 （2）The athlete needs to stay focused during the competition to avoid mistakes. 运动员在比赛中需要保持专注，以免犯错。 14.limiting adj.局限的，限制性的 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）limit n. 限度；限制 v. 限制；限定 set a limit to/on sth. 对某事规定限度 there is a/no limit to （doing）... 对（做）……是有限制的/无限制的 （2）limited adj. 有限的 be limited to sth. 受……限制 limitless adj. 无限的 He knew his own limits and never took on more work than he could handle. 他了解自己的极限,从不接受超出自己能力范围的工作。 四．单元短语 1.be addicted to沉迷 2.be known as...作为……而出名 3.a variety of各种各样的 4.instead of而不是 5.more than超过，多于 6.more or less或多或少 7.move around走来走去 8.look forward to期待 9.set up 建立 10.be concerned with关心…… 11.in addition 除此之外 12.be built on以……为基础；基于 13.be honest about诚实面对…… 14.focus on关注 15.stay in touch with与……保持联系 16.point out指出 17.find out查明 18.have a lot in common有许多共同之处 19.be amazed by...对……感到惊讶 20.come alive恢复生机 21.keep track of记录 22.a range of一系列 23.search for寻找 五．单元佳句 1.Once I play games for more than an hour， a bell rings to remind me that my time is up.（once引导状语从句） 一旦我玩游戏超过一个小时，就有铃声响起提醒我时间到了。 2.Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world.（so...that...） 一些用户担心他们在虚拟世界中花费了太多时间，以至于他们开始害怕与现实世界中的人见面。 3.The use of several avatars can also be a risk， as people can use avatars to cheat others online.（as引导原因状语从句） 使用多个虚拟形象也可能会带来风险，因为人们可以在网上使用虚拟形象来欺骗他人。 4.You can stay in touch with friends no matter where you are or what you are doing.（“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句） 无论你在哪里，在做什么，都可以和朋友保持联系。 5.It also makes the art accessible to the world while protecting the original artworks for the future.（make+宾语+宾语补足语） 它也使得艺术走向世界，同时为将来保护了原始艺术品。 六．单元语法 过去将来时 一、过去将来时的含义 过去将来时表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 *I thought he wouldn't attend the social evening, but to my surprise, he came. 我原以为他不会参加这个联欢晚会， 但是令我惊讶的是，他来了。 二、过去将来时的时间状语 1．at six the next morning/afternoon/night、the next day/Friday/week/month等； 2．the following day/week/month/year等； 3．two days/three weeks/four years later等； 4．after 10 o'clock、after 10 o'clock in the morning等； 5．when、after引导的时间状语从句。 *When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you. 当你向李磊求助时，他从不会拒绝你。 *I would go to see him after he came back from hospital. 他从医院回来之后，我会去看他。 三、过去将来时的结构及用法 1．由“would/should＋动词原形”构成，should主要用于主语是第一人称时，would可用于各种人称。 *She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates that term. 她告诉我们那个学期她将尽她最大努力赶上班里其他同学。 2．“was/were＋going to＋动词原形”常用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。 *They said that they were going to be sent to meet her at the railway station. 他们说他们将被派到火车站去接她。 3．come、go、leave、arrive、start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。 *She told me she was coming to see me. 她告诉我她将来看望我。 4．条件状语从句和时间状语从句中需用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 *I didn't know when she would come but when she came I would let you know. 我不知道她什么时候会来，但是她来的时候我会让你知道。 5．was/were to＋动词原形。 *He said that Li Lei was to arrive soon. 他说李磊很快就会到达。 6．was/were about to＋动词原形或was/were on the point of＋动词-ing形式。 *He was about to leave when the bell rang. 他刚要离开，这时铃响了。 七．单元写作 个人简介 介绍个人基本信息、性格特点、兴趣爱好、阅读偏好与申请意图，用于在线个人档案（如申请加入读书俱乐部）、校园活动申请、课堂自我介绍等写作中。 时态以一般现在时为主，人称以第一人称为主。 [基本框架] 开头： 用户名/自我称呼 + 年龄、身份等基本信息 主体： ① 介绍性格特点和个人基本情况；② 描述兴趣爱好、课余活动习惯、喜爱的书籍类型；③ 表达对某本书或某类书籍的个人见解与评价 结尾： 表达加入俱乐部/社团的意愿与交流期待 [常用词块] 1. a senior secondary school student 高中生 2. favourite subject 最喜欢的科目 3. in one's free/spare time 在某人空闲时间 4. be usually in the library 通常在图书馆 5. explore new places 探索新地方 6. a way of doing sth 做某事的方式 7. explore the unknown world 探索未知世界 8. have a lot in common 有很多共同之处 9. want to find out what happened to... 想知道……发生了什么 10. the reason for joining the club 加入俱乐部的原因 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1. Hi, everyone! I'm happy to be here and let me tell you a little about myself. 2. My name is ... and I'm a ... student. 3. I'm a ... student and my favourite subject is ... 4. Hi there! I'd love to share something about myself with all of you. 5. Hello, let me introduce myself to you all! ★正文佳句 1. I also enjoy history and geography, and I love exploring new places with my family. 2. In my free time, I'm usually in the library or at the park with a good book. 3. I've always loved to read! I think reading is just another way of exploring the unknown world. 4. It's an exciting experience for me. 5. In my opinion, the author did an amazing job of creating a whole new world through this book. 6. After reading it, I wanted to find out what happened to each of the characters. 7. I like ... most, because we have a lot in common. 8. I hold the belief that reading can take me to places I've never been. 9. That's why I believe that books about foreign cultures or imaginary worlds are the best! 10. I also have a strong preference for fantasy and adventure stories. ★余味结尾 1. I think it's fun to hear about new books that other people enjoy. 2. Is there a book that you really like? Let's share ideas! 3. I'm hoping to find someone who shares the same love for reading as I do. 4. I'm looking forward to meeting you all and starting this wonderful reading journey together. 5. Let's explore the world of books together — I can't wait to hear your recommendations! [写作任务] 你是高一学生李华，想申请加入学校的线上读书俱乐部。请根据以下提示，用英语写一份个人档案（personal profile）进行自我介绍。 写作要点： 1. 自我介绍（用户名、年龄、年级、性格、兴趣爱好等）； 2. 阅读习惯与喜爱的书籍类型； 3. 加入读书俱乐部的理由和期待。 注意：词数100左右；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Age: 17 I'm a senior secondary school student and my favourite subject is English. I also enjoy history and geography. In my free time, I'm usually in the library with a good book. I'm an easy-going person and I love exploring new places with my family. I've always loved to read! I think reading is just another way of exploring the unknown world. That's why I believe that books about foreign cultures or imaginary worlds are the best! Favourite types of books: Fantasy and travel Favourite books: I like all the books in the Harry Potter series. However, I think the first one is the best. In my opinion, the author did an amazing job of creating a whole new world. After reading it, I wanted to find out what happened to each of the characters. I like Hermione most, because we have a lot in common. Reason for joining the reading club: I think it's fun to hear about new books that other people enjoy. Is there a fantasy book that you really like? Let's share ideas! Unit 5 Humans and Nature 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公17 / 59 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.disaster n.灾难；灾祸 2.wildlife n.野生动植物，野生生物 3.comment n.评论；意见 4.living adj.活的，活着的 5.weed n.野草；海藻 6.insect n.昆虫 7.soil n.土壤 8.climate n.气候 9.ecology n.生态；生态学 10.lecture n.讲座，讲课；演讲 11.million n.百万 12.greenhouse n.温室，暖房 13.title n.题目，标题 14.wave n.海浪；波涛 15.escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避 16.poetry n.诗歌；作诗的艺术 17.horrible adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的 18.edge n.边缘 19.tube n.圆管，管子；（伦敦）地铁 20.rescue n.& vt.营救；救援 21.vehicle n.交通工具，车辆 22.trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中 23.death n.死，死亡 24.damage n.伤害，损伤，损害 25.measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 26.overseas adv.在海外，在外国 27.site n.场所，地点 28.process n.过程，进程 29.battle n.较量，竞争；斗争；战斗 30.duty n.职责，义务；责任 31.conduct vt.实施；进行；执行 vi.& vt.指挥 32.lamp n.灯 33.nearby adv.附近 34.breathe vi.& vt.呼吸 35.dust n.灰尘；尘埃 36.captain n.上校；队长；组长 37.polar adj.极地的，地极的 38.ambition n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 39.exploration n.探险;探索 40.prove vt.证明；证实 41.continent n.洲,大洲;大陆 42.shelter n.避难所 43.observe vt.观察;注意 44.metal n.金属 二、单词拓展 1.crowd n.人群 v.挤满→crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的 2.shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信→shocked adj.震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的 3.survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存→survival n.幸存→survivor n.幸存者 4.frighten vt.使害怕→frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的→frightening adj.令人害怕的 5.curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n.好奇（心） 6.observe vt.观察→observation n.观察；观察结果→observer n.观察者 7.equal adj.相等的；相同的→equally adv.平等地→equality n.平等 8.attempt n.& vt.努力，尝试，企图→attempted adj.企图的；未遂的 9.interrupt vi.& vt.打断讲话→interruption n.打断 10.lose v.遗失；丧失→loss n.丧失；死亡 11.operate v.做手术；操作→operation n.行动，活动；手术；操作→operator n.操作人员；技工；电话员；接线员 12.suffer v.遭受→suffering n.（肉体或精神上的）痛苦；折磨 13.protect vt.保护→protection n.保护；防护 14.explore v.探索→exploration n.探险；探索→explorer n.探险者；勘察者 15.prepare v.准备→preparation n.预备，准备→prepared adj.准备好的 16.base n.基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地→basis n.基础→basic adj.基础的→basically adv.基本上；大体上 17.anxiety n.焦虑→anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的→anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地 18.cheer v.欢呼→cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的 19.distant adj.久远的；遥远的→distance n.距离；遥远 20.honest adj.坦诚的；诚实的→honesty n.坦诚；诚实，正直 21.brave adj.勇敢的→bravery n.勇气；勇敢的行为 22.vary v.变化→variety n.多样，种类→various adj.各种各样的→varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 23.scare v.（使）害怕；受惊吓→scared adj.害怕的→scary adj.可怕的，恐怖的 24.disappear vi.消亡；消失→disappearance n.消亡；消失 三、常考单词 1. comment n.评论；意见 vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）comment on/upon... 对……进行评论 （2）make a comment/comments on...对……作出评论 make no comment on...不对……发表评论 no comment无可奉告 Hearing this question, she said angrily,“No comment！” ［读后续写之有效对话］ 听到这个问题，她生气地说：“无可奉告！” 2. crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）be crowded with...挤满…… （2）crowd n. 群；人群；观众； v.使……拥挤；涌上（心头） follow the crowd随大流 crowds/a crowd of一群；成群的 （3）crowd into/onto sth.=crowd in大批涌入 crowd in （on sb.）=crowd into sb.'s mind涌入某人脑海 Do your own thing, and don't just follow the crowd.［应用文写作之建议信］ 做你自己的事情，不要随大流。 3.shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信 n.震惊；休克 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）a great shock to sb.对某人来说是一个极大的打击 in shock震惊；吃惊 （2）shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的 be shocked by/at...对……吃惊 be shocked to do sth.做某事很吃惊 （3）shocking adj.令人震惊的 He was shocked to discover that his best friend had betrayed him, which led to a conflict between them. 他震惊地发现他最好的朋友背叛了自己，这导致了他们之间的冲突。 4.escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避；摆脱；被遗忘；（气体、液体等）泄漏 n.逃脱；逃避；漏出 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）escape from...从……逃脱，从……逃跑 escape （doing） sth.避开（做）某事 escape one's attention逃避某人的注意 （2）have a narrow escape死里逃生 （3）escaped adj.逃跑的 Travel is a good way to relax because it allows us to escape from busy daily work. 旅行是一种放松的好方式，因为它能让我们从繁忙的日常工作中解脱出来。 5. survive v.幸免；幸存；活下来；生还；比……活得长 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）survive from...从……幸存 survive on...依靠……生存 survive...by...比……多活…… （2）survival n.［U］幸存；［C］残存物 survivor n.幸存者，生还者 Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature. 人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，就这一点而论，我们生存的唯一方式是与自然和谐相处。 6.frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）be frightened of （doing） sth.害怕（做）某事 be frightened to do sth.害怕/不敢做某事 （2）frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬 frighten away/off...吓跑…… frighten sb. into/out of doing sth.吓唬某人做/不做某事 （3）frightening adj.令人恐惧的 As I travelled by myself for the first time, I felt a little frightened, but soon I became relaxed. 因为我是第一次独自旅行，我感觉有点害怕，但我很快就放松下来。 7. curious adj.好奇的 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）be curious about... 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth.想要做某事 （2）curiosity n.好奇心 with curiosity好奇地 out of curiosity出于好奇 meet/satisfy one's curiosity满足某人的好奇心 Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind's greatest achievements. 贸易和好奇心通常构成了人类最伟大成就的基础。 8. equal adj.相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的 n.同等的人；相等物 v.等于；比得上 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）be equal to （doing） sth.胜任（做）某事 be equal to sb.与某人平等 （2）without/have no equal 无与伦比 （3）equal sb./sth.in （doing） sth.在（做）某事上比得过 （4）equality n．平等；相等 equally adv.相等地；同等地；同样地 Your body language is equally important, since it reveals a lot about your thoughts and attitudes. 你的肢体语言同样重要，因为它揭示了你的很多想法和态度。 9. rescue n.& vt.营救；救援 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）rescue sb./sth.from... 把某人/某物从……营救出来 come/go to one's rescue来/去营救某人 （2）rescuer n.救援人员 “Never for a second，” the boy told the reporter, “did I doubt that my father would come to my rescue.” 那个男孩告诉记者：“我从未怀疑我的父亲会来救我。” 10.trap n.夹子；陷阱；圈套；困境 v.使困住，使陷于危险中；使落网 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）fall into a trap 落入圈套 set/lay a trap for...为……设下圈套 （2）be trapped in...困在……中；陷在……中 trap sb. into （doing） sth.诱使某人（做）某事 When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly. 当人类由于燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气中，导致地表温度迅速上升。 11. attempt n.& v.企图；试图；尝试；努力 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）make an attempt to do/（at） doing...尝试做…… in an attempt to do...为了做…… at the first attempt第一次尝试 （2）attempt to do/（at） doing...尝试/试图做…… （3）attempted adj.未遂的 Panicked as I was, I attempted to collect my thoughts, trying to explain the situation in the way as concise as possible. 尽管我很惊慌，但我试图整理思绪，尝试用尽可能简洁的方式解释当时的情况。 12. preparation n.预备，准备 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）in preparation for... 为……做准备 make preparations （for...）（为……）做准备 （2）prepare v.使做好准备；使（自己）有准备 prepare for... 为……做准备 prepare sb. for sth.使某人为某事做准备 prepare to do sth.准备做某事 （3）prepared adj. 准备好的；有所准备的 be/get prepared for sth./to do sth.准备某事/做某事 The changes and challenges of your teenage years will prepare you for adulthood. 青少年时期遇到的变化和挑战会让你为成年做好准备。 13.base vt.以……为据点（或总部等）；以……为根据 n.基部；基地；基础 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）base...on/upon... 把……建立在……上 be based on/upon...以……为基础/根据 （2）basis n.基础；根据；基点 on a regular/daily basis定期/每天 on the basis of... 根据…… （3）basic adj.基础的；基本的 （4）basically adv.大体上；基本上 I am writing to inform you of some basic table manners. You should let the elderly eat first， which is based on traditional Chinese customs.［应用文写作之建议信］ 我写信是告知你一些基本的餐桌礼仪。根据中国传统习俗，你应该先让长者用餐。 14.ambition n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）an ambition of doing/to do sth.做某事的雄心 realise/achieve one's ambition（to do.../of doing...）实现某人（做……）的抱负 （2）ambitious adj. 宏大的，艰巨的；有抱负的，有雄心的 be ambitious for... 对……有强烈的期望 With the Olympic Games, each generation celebrates its advent, its joy of living, its faith in the future, its ambition and its will to ascend. 随着奥运会的召开,每一代人都在庆祝它的到来,庆祝它的生活乐趣,庆祝它对未来的信心,庆祝它的雄心壮志和进取的意志。 15. distant adj.遥远的；远处的；远方的；冷漠的 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）be/become distant from...远离……；离……遥远 （2）distance v. 使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系 n.距离；远处；疏远 in the distance 在远处 at/from a distance从远处,有一段距离 at a distance of...在……远的地方 keep sb.at a distance与某人保持一定的距离；对某人冷淡 （3）distantly adv.遥远地；远亲关系地 Standing in the distance, they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. 站在远处，看到云雾从湖南边的尼亚加拉大瀑布上升腾而起，她们感到非常震撼。 16. shelter n.住所；藏身之处；庇护；避难所 v.庇护；躲避 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）take/seek shelter （from）躲避（……） under the shelter of...在……的庇护下 give shelter to庇护 （2）shelter...from...保护……免于…… （1）Relief agencies are stepping up efforts to provide food, shelter and education for poor children in this area. 救济机构正大力为该地区的贫困儿童提供食物、住所和教育。 （2）The house was surrounded by big trees, which sheltered it from severe sunshine. 这所房子被大树包围着，遮住了强烈的阳光。 四．单元短语 1.all at once突然；刹那 2.in the direction of朝着……的方向 3.on the edge of在……边缘；某事快要发生（尤指不好的事） 4.become curious about对……变得好奇 5.（be） shaped like形状像…… 6.pick up搭载；接载 7.turn one's back （on sb./sth.）对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 8.breathe in吸气 9.run out 用完；耗尽 10.in preparation for为……做准备 11.break down停止运转，出故障；分解 12.have difficulty with sth.在某事上遇到困难 13.at one time曾经 14.carry on继续 15.hold on坚持 16.be home to是……的所在地/故乡 17.be made up of由……组成 18.as a result结果；因此 19.leave...alone不打扰……;不理会…… 学科网（北京）股份有限公22 / 59 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元佳句 1.The first， the larger the bodies were， the more rapidly they fell.（the+比较级...,the+比较级...） 第一，物体越大，下落越快。 2.But what if I'm trapped?（What if...?） 但是如果我被困住了怎么办？ 3.Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.（完全倒装） 然后漆黑的极地冬季开始了。 4.Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September, 1911.［the+序数词（+名词）+to do］ 1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个动身。 5.He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.（have+宾语+宾语补足语） 他让几队狗拉雪橇，所有的队员都在滑雪板上行进。 六．单元语法 定语从句(2) 一、关系副词引导的定语从句 当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有when、where和why。 1．关系副词when (1)when引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time、day、hour、month、year等，在从句中作时间状语。 (2)when既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。 (3)关系副词when常可用“介词＋which”来代替。 2．关系副词where (1)where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place、room、hall、house、spot、school、country等，在从句中作地点状语。 (2)where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。 (3)关系副词where常可用“介词＋关系代词”来代替。 3．关系副词why (1)why引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示原因的名词，如reason、excuse、explanation等，在从句中作原因状语。 (2)关系副词 why 常可用“for＋which”来代替。 二、关系副词和关系代词的选择 选择关系词可分为两步： 第一步：分析定语从句，看从句中所缺成分确定用关系副词还是关系代词。如从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则选择关系代词；若从句中缺少状语，则用关系副词。 第二步：看先行词。如果根据第一步确定用关系代词且先行词指物，则可用that、which、whose、as，若先行词指人可用that、who(m)、whose等；若根据第一步确定用关系副词，先行词指时间用when，指地点用where，指原因用why。 七．单元写作 灾难逃生的宣传手册 介绍在特定自然灾害（如地震、洪水、台风等）中，不同场所（室内、室外、车内等）应采取的安全防护与逃生措施。用于校园安全宣传栏、社区灾害防范知识普及、校刊征稿等写作场景。 时态以一般现在时为主，人称以第二人称你/你们为主。 [基本框架] 开头： 简要介绍主题灾害的危害性，引出逃生手册的写作目的。 主体： 按照“室内”“室外”“车内”三个主要场景，分类阐述应对措施，每条措施后附简要原因说明。也可按照时间顺序组织，即“灾前准备”“灾中应对”“灾后注意事项”三部分，结构清晰，便于受众快速获取关键信息。 结尾： 总结强调，呼吁读者掌握相关知识，并在必要时冷静应对。 [常用词块] 1. natural disaster 自然灾害 2. take proper safety measures 采取适当的安全措施 3. stay calm and follow the instructions 保持冷静、听从指示 4. drop down onto your hands and knees 蹲下，手膝着地 5. cover your head with your hands 用手护住头部 6. hold on until the shaking stops 抓牢直到晃动停止 7. evacuate to a safe area immediately 立即疏散到安全区域 8. move away from buildings / trees / power lines 远离建筑物/树木/电线 9. avoid something at all costs 竭尽全力避开某事 10. protect yourself from falling objects 保护自己免受掉落物伤害 11. check for injuries and provide first aid 检查伤情并实施急救 12. be prepared for aftershocks 为余震做好准备 [常用语句] ★精彩开头/概括 1. Earthquakes can happen at any time without warning. Knowing how to protect yourself is vital. 2. Floods are among the most common and destructive natural disasters. Being prepared can save lives. 3. When a typhoon hits, proper safety measures can greatly lessen its influence and damages. 4. Knowing what to do before, during and after a natural disaster can mean the difference between life and death. 5. Disasters are unpredictable, but our response doesn't have to be. Here are essential safety tips to help you survive an earthquake. 6. Safety is never too much to learn. This brochure provides practical advice on how to stay safe in different disaster scenarios. ★分类建议 ▶ 室内（Indoors） 1. Drop down onto your hands and knees. This prevents you from being knocked over. （蹲下以防被震倒） 2. Cover your head and neck with your arms and hands. Stay away from windows and heavy furniture. （保护头颈，远离窗户及重物） 3. HOLD ON until the shaking stops. Move only when it is safe to do so. （抓牢直到晃动停止） 4. Find a sturdy desk or table to shelter yourself under. （躲在结实的桌子或书桌下） 5. Don’t try to run out of the building during the shaking. Running is dangerous as you may fall or be hit by falling debris. （晃动时不要试图跑出建筑物） 6. Avoid using elevators. Always use the stairs when evacuating. （切勿使用电梯，始终走楼梯） 7. Stay away from windows, mirrors, and anything that could shatter. （远离窗户、镜子及易碎物品） ▶ 室外（Outdoors） 1. Move to open areas away from buildings, trees, streetlights, and power lines. These structures may fall down during an earthquake. （转移到远离建筑物、树木、路灯和电线的空旷区域） 2. Find a clear spot and stay there until the shaking stops. （寻找空旷处并停留直到晃动停止） 3. Observe your surroundings carefully before you move away. （移动前仔细观察周围环境） 4. If you‘re in a mountainous area, be alert for falling rocks or landslides. （若在山地，警惕落石和山体滑坡） ▶ 车内（In a Car） 1. Stop your car as soon as possible in a clear area and stay seated. （尽快将车停在空旷处，保持就座） 2. The car's metal body can protect you from falling objects. Do not drive until the shaking stops. （车辆的金属车身可保护你免受掉落物伤害） 2. Avoid bridges, overpasses, and anything that could collapse. （避开桥梁、立交桥等可能坍塌的构筑物） 4. Once the shaking stops, drive carefully and watch for damaged roads or debris. （晃动结束后，小心驾驶并注意受损路面或碎片） ▶ 灾前准备（Before the Disaster） 1. Create a family emergency plan and practice it regularly. （制定家庭应急计划并定期演练） 2. Assemble an emergency survival kit with water, food, first-aid supplies, and a flashlight. （准备应急生存包，装好水、食物、急救用品和手电筒） 3. Secure heavy furniture and appliances to the walls. （将重型家具和电器固定在墙上） 4. Know your evacuation routes and identify safe places in every room. （了解疏散路线，熟悉每个房间的安全区域） ▶ 灾后注意事项（After the Disaster） 1. Check yourself and others for injuries and provide first aid if necessary. （检查自己和他人伤情，必要时实施急救） 2. Listen to emergency broadcasts for updates and follow official instructions. （收听紧急广播，听从官方指令） 3. Watch out for damaged power lines, gas leaks, and broken glass. （注意受损电线、煤气泄漏和碎玻璃） 4. Be prepared for aftershocks, as they may happen hours or even days later. （做好余震准备，余震可能在数小时甚至数天后发生） 5. Don’t turn on lights or electric appliances if you smell gas, to avoid the risk of explosion. （闻到煤气味时切勿开灯或电器，以防爆炸） ★余味结尾 1. Stay safe by staying informed. Your life is worth the preparation. 2. Remember: earthquakes don‘t kill people — collapsing buildings do. Prepare and protect yourself. 3. In the face of natural disasters, being prepared is the best protection. Don’t wait until it‘s too late. 4. Share this information with your family and friends. Together, we can build a safer community. 5. Safety starts with you. Take action today to protect yourself and the people you love tomorrow. 6. No one can predict when a disaster will strike, but everyone can be ready. Remember these tips — they might save a life. [参考范文] Earthquake Survival Guide Earthquakes strike suddenly and without warning. Knowing what to do in each situation can save your life. Follow these simple rules. If you are INDOORS: • DROP down onto your hands and knees. This prevents you from being knocked over. • COVER your head and neck with your arms. Hide under a sturdy desk or table if possible. Stay away from windows, mirrors and heavy furniture. • HOLD ON until the shaking stops. Do not try to run out of the building during the earthquake — you may be hit by falling debris. If you are OUTDOORS: • Move quickly to an open area away from buildings, trees, streetlights and power lines. These structures can fall down and cause serious injury. • Find a clear spot and stay there. Observe your surroundings carefully before moving again. If you are IN A CAR: • Stop your car as soon as possible in a clear area and remain seated. The car’s metal body can protect you from falling objects. • Avoid bridges, overpasses and anything that might collapse. Do not drive until the shaking stops. After the earthquake: • Check yourself and others for injuries. Provide first aid if needed. • Listen to emergency broadcasts for further instructions. • Be prepared for aftershocks — they can happen hours or even days later. Stay calm. Stay informed. Your safety is in your hands. Unit 6 The admirable 一、核心单词 1.cure vt.治好（疾病）；治愈n.疗法 2.justice n.公平，公正 3.generation n.一代（人） 4.reform n.改革；改进 5.apart adj.& adv.分开；散开 6.female adj.女（性）的 7.stage n.舞台；阶段 8.award vt.授予；给予 9.gain v.获得，赢得，取得；受益n.好处；利益 10.literature n.文献资料；著述；文学 11.recipe n.处方；秘诀 12.resource n.物力；资源 13.eventually adv.最终；终于 14.fame n.名声，名誉 15.despite prep.尽管；虽然 16.protest n.& vi.& vt.抗议；反对 17.further adj.更多的，进一步 18.march n.示威游行，抗议游行 19.regard vt.认为，看作 20.opportunity n.机会；时机 21.strike vi.& vt.突然发生（某种不幸）；突然有坏的影响；打，击 22.severe adj.很严重的 23.movement n.运动，动作，活动 24.engage vi.参加，参与 25.design vt.计划，设计 26.attitude n.看法，态度 二、单词拓展 1.admire vt.钦佩；欣赏→admirable adj.令人钦佩的；极其出色的 2.intelligent adj.聪敏的；有智慧的→intelligence n.智力；才智；智慧 3.generous adj.无私的；慷慨的；大方的→generosity n.慷慨；大方；宽宏大量→generously adv.慷慨地；大方地 4.create v.创造→creation n.创造→creative adj.创造性的；有创造力的→creatively adv.创造性地；有创造力地 5.effect n.影响；结果→effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的→effectively adv.有效地；实际上；事实上 6.honour n.荣誉 vt.感到荣幸→honourable adj.可敬的；值得钦佩的 7.recognize v.认识；认出；辨别出；承认→recognition n.表彰；赞扬 8.chemical n.化学品 adj.化学的→chemistry n.化学→chemist n.药剂师；化学家 9.limit v.限制→limited adj.有限的→（反义词）limitless adj.无限的 10.promise n.& v.许诺；承诺；答应→promising adj.大有希望的 11.wise adj.充满智慧的；明智的；英明的→wisdom n.知识，学问；智慧 12.advance n.发展；进步→advanced adj.先进的；高级的；高等的 13.dependent adj.依赖的→dependence n.依赖→（反义词）independent adj.独立的，自主的→independence n.独立 14.peace n.和平→peaceful adj.和平的，没有暴力的 15.race n.种族→racial adj.种族的；人种的 16.inspire v.激励，激发→inspiration n.灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的→inspired adj.受鼓舞的 17.skin n.皮肤→skinny adj.皮包骨头的 18.judge vi.& vt.评价；判断→judgement n.评论；判断 19.impress v.给……留下深刻的印象→impression n.印象→impressive adj.令人钦佩的，给人印象深刻的 20.respect vt.& n.尊敬；敬佩→respectable adj.可敬的，令人尊敬的→respectful adj.充满敬意的 21.passion n.强烈的爱好，热爱；激情→passionate adj.具有强烈信念的；热爱的，酷爱的 22.aware adj.意识到的→awareness n.认识；意识 23.organise v.组织→organisation n.组织；团体；机构→organised adj.有组织的；有条理的 24.depress v.使抑郁，使沮丧→depression n.忧郁，沮丧，消沉；抑郁症→depressed adj.忧郁的,沮丧的 25.commit v.做出（错误或非法的事）；犯（罪或错等）；承诺，保证→commitment n.投入，忠诚，奉献；承诺 26.intense adj.强烈的，剧烈的→intensely adv.强烈地，剧烈地 27.energy n.精力→energetic adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的 28.disable v.使丧失能力；使伤残→disability n.伤残，残障，障碍 29.sum n.总和;金额v.求和;概括→summary n.概要；摘要；总结→summarize v.总结；概述 30.origin n.起源；源头→original adj.原先的，最初的→originally adv.原先，最初 三、常考单词 1. admirable adj.令人钦佩的；极其出色的；值得赞赏的；令人羡慕的 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）admire vt. 钦佩；赞赏；欣赏；羡慕 admire sb. for sth. 因某事而羡慕/钦佩某人 （2）admiration n. 赞赏；钦佩；仰慕 with/in admiration 羡慕地 have/express admiration for sb./sth. 羡慕/钦佩某人/物 During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. 中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭、赏月、品尝月饼。［应用文写作之传统节日］ 2. cure vt.治好（疾病）；治愈 n.疗法 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）cure sb.of sth. 治愈某人的……病；改正某人的不良行为 （2）a cure for... ……的治疗方法；治愈……的方法 After the recovery, he decided to express his great thanks to the doctor who cured him of the disease. 康复后，他决定向治愈他的病的医生表示深深的感谢。 3.generous adj.无私的；慷慨的；大方的 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）be generous with sth. 在某方面慷慨/大方 be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨/大方 be generous in doing... 乐于做…… It is generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是宽宏大量/真大方。 （2）generosity n. 慷慨；大方 （3）generously adv. 慷慨地；大方地 She herself lived a simple or rather poor life， but she was so generous to the people in need of help. 她自己过着简朴或相当贫穷的生活，但她对需要帮助的人非常慷慨。 4.stage n.（进展的）阶段；时期；舞台；（与the连用）戏剧；戏剧表演 背重点 背写作佳句 on stage 在舞台上 go on the stage 当演员；上舞台 set the stage for... 为……做好准备（创造条件） at this stage 在这个阶段 You are definitely welcome to show up on stage, which will add color and fun to our festival. 欢迎您登台演出，这将为我们的节日增添色彩和乐趣。［应用文写作之邀请信］ 5. award vt.授予；给予；判定 n.奖；奖品 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）award sth.to sb. =award sb.sth. 授予某人某物 （2）win/receive/get an award for... 因……而得奖 give an award to...for... 因……授予……奖励 take up an award 接受奖项 Learning that you were awarded the first prize， I am writing to express my sincere congratulations to you.［应用文写作之祝贺信］ 得知您被授予一等奖，我写信向您表示衷心的祝贺。 6. honour n.荣誉；尊敬；崇敬；荣幸，光荣 vt.感到荣幸；尊敬；敬重 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）It's an honour for sb.to do sth. 对某人来说做某事很荣幸。 feel it an honour to do sth. 为做某事感到荣幸 in honour of... 向……表示敬意；为纪念…… （2）honour sb.for （doing） sth. 因（做）某事而表彰某人 be/feel honoured to do sth. 做某事感到荣幸 （3）honourable adj. 可敬的；体面的 （2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ满分作文）I feel it a great honour to invite you to give an interview on the English program “Talk and Talk” in our school's radio station. 我很荣幸邀请你参加我们学校广播电台的英语节目《谈话》的采访。 7. recognition n.表彰；赞扬 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）beyond recognition 认不出来 gain recognition as... 获得……（身份）的认可 （2）recogniz（s）e vt. 认识，辨认出；意识到；（正式）承认，认可 be recogniz（s）ed as/to be... 被认为是…… It is recogniz（s）ed that... 人们公认…… （3）recogniz（s）able adj. 易认出的，易识别的 In time, he gained recognition as one of the greatest artists China has ever known. 随着时间的推移，他被公认为中国有史以来最伟大的艺术家之一。 8. advance v.促进；前进；预支；提前；提出（想法、理论、计划） n.前进；进步 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）advance on/towards... 朝……前进 （2）in advance 预先；提前 make an advance/advances in... 在……方面取得进步 （3）advanced adj. 先进的；高级的 （1）It is this kind of inspiration that keeps our thirst for knowledge alive and ensures that advances in space exploration and many other fields will continue to be made. 正是这种灵感使我们保持对知识的渴望，并确保空间探索和许多其他领域将继续取得进步。 （2）You'd better learn more about the history of Chinese modern drama in advance, which will give you more background information. 你最好提前多了解中国现代戏剧史，这会给你更多的背景信息。 9. regard vi.认为，看作；看待 n.注意，关注；关心；问候 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）regard...as... 把……当作…… （2）with/in regard to 关于 as regards 关于；至于 give one's regards to sb. 代某人向某人问候 （3）regarding prep. 关于 Yang Liwei, known as the first Chinese astronaut to go to space, is regarded as a national hero. 杨利伟，作为第一个进入太空的中国航天员，被认为是国家英雄。 10.awareness n.认识；意识 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）raise/arouse one's awareness of... 提高/唤起某人的……意识 （2）aware adj. 意识到的，明白的；知道的 be/become aware of... 知道……；意识到，察觉到 be aware that... 意识到/体会到…… as far as I'm aware 据我所知 In order to have much knowledge of Chinese culture, it is of importance for you to be aware of the content of Tang poetry. 为了对中国文化有更多的了解，了解唐诗的内容是很重要的。 11. engage vi.参加；参与（活动） vt.吸引住（注意力、兴趣）；雇用，聘请;（使）订婚；（使）参加 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）engage （sb.） in （使某人）从事；（使某人）参与 engage oneself in 从事于；忙于 （2）engaged adj. 忙于……的；从事于……的；已订婚的 be engaged in 参加；从事于；忙于 be engaged to... 与……订婚 （3）engaging adj. 有趣的；迷人的 engagement n. 订婚；约会;约定 By delivering the content in a meaningful way, this new approach to learning manages to engage students' interest and enhance learning efficiency. 这种新的学习方法通过一种有意义的方式来呈现内容，以此成功地吸引学生的兴趣，提高学习效率。 12. design n.设计；图案；构思；打算；意图 v.计划；设计；构思；制订 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）by design 故意 （2）be designed for... 为……而设计 be designed to do... 目的是做…… be designed as... 被设计成…… （3）designer n. 设计者 The program designed for entertainment turned out to be much too serious. 这个为娱乐而设计的节目结果却太过严肃了。 四．单元短语 1.put out fires灭火 2.fight for...努力争取……，为……斗争 3.have...in mind心里已有…… 4.apart from...除……之外 5.with the help of...在……的帮助下 6.lead to导致 7.come across偶然发现；偶遇 8.pick out挑选 9.the other day不久前某一天 10.be regarded as被认为，被看作 11.try out for参加选拔 12.due to由于，因为 13.in support of支持 14.major in主修 15.in need需要帮助的 16.call for要求 17.lift off发射 18.at least至少 19.in spite of尽管……（仍……）；虽然；不顾 五．单元佳句 1.The woman was Tu Youyou， the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.［the+序数词（+名词）+to do］ 这位女士就是屠呦呦，她是第一位因其工作而获得诺贝尔奖的中国女科学家。 2.The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.（the reason why...is/was that...） 这项任务困难的原因是团队资源有限。 3.Thus， not only is he known as a superhero in the Superman films， but he is also regarded as a superhero to many in real life.（not only...but also...） 因此，他不仅是《超人》电影中的超级英雄，而且在现实生活中他也被许多人视为超级英雄。 4.It was only due to the ongoing support of his wife， parents and friends that he eventually found the will to live again.（强调句型） 正是因为妻子、父母和朋友的不断支持，他才最终找到了重新生活的意愿。 5.This was a time when the German Nazis were killing Jews.（This was a time when...） 这是德国纳粹屠杀犹太人的时期。 六．单元语法 定语从句(3) 一、关系代词的确定 　　 “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词不能省略；反之，当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(指物)，that/who/whom(指人)作介词的宾语，作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略；如果关系代词作定语，也可用whose。 *This is the book for which you asked. (which不能省略) 这是你所要的书。 *This is the book which you asked for. (which可省略) 这是你所要的书。 二、介词的选取 “介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用应根据上下文要表达的具体意思、先行词的习惯搭配或定语从句中某些单词或短语的习惯搭配而定。具体用法如下： 1．根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。该动词与介词搭配构成动词短语。 *Is this the car for which you paid a high price？(pay for sth.) 这就是你花高价买的车吗？ 2．根据定语从句中的形容词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。该形容词与介词搭配构成形容词短语。 *He brought the result with which the boss was satisfied.(be satisfied with) 他带来了让老板非常满意的结果。 3．根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词，它与介词之间有一定的联系。 *Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time？(on the day) 你还记得我们第一次见面的日子吗？ 4．根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，定语从句中的谓语动词与介词也不能构成固定的动词短语，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。 *This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years. 这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。 三、 “介词＋关系代词”的特殊用法 1．“介词＋关系代词”前出现不定代词(all、both、none、neither、many、few、the rest等)、数词(分数、百分数等)及“the＋最高级/比较级”等，用来表示部分、数目等意义。 *The event was organized by two people, neither of whom is a professional. 这次活动是由两个人组织的，他们都不是专业人士。 2．在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after、look for等，也不能把介词移至which或whom之前。 3．在 “the＋名词＋of＋关系代词” 或 “of＋关系代词＋the＋名词”结构中一定不能漏掉冠词the；在“whose＋名词”结构中一定不能加上冠词 the。 *I live in the room, the windows of which face south. ＝I live in the room, of which the windows face south. ＝I live in the room, whose windows face south. 我住在那间窗户朝南的屋子里。 4．引导定语从句的关系副词when、where、why在定语从句中分别作时间、地点、原因状语时，可根据其在句中的搭配关系，转换成相应的“介词＋which”结构。 *It was a special day when I saw the admirable person in my heart. ＝It was a special day on which I saw the admirable person in my heart. 那是一个特殊的日子，在那天，我见到了我心中敬佩的人。 *It was the room where he had lived for ten years. ＝It was the room in which he had lived for ten years. 这就是他住了十年的屋子。 5．the way后接定语从句时关系词的选择： the way作先行词，后接定语从句时，若关系词在从句中作状语，则用in which/that，关系词也可省略；若关系词在从句中作宾语、主语等，关系词用which/that，且关系词在从句中作宾语时也可省略。 *The way (in which/that) he treats children is very good. 他对待孩子们的方式非常好。 七．单元写作 概要写作 将一篇较长的文章或段落进行高度浓缩，提取核心要点，用简练的语言概括原文的主要内容。用于记录课堂笔记、阅读报告、学术摘要、高考新题型等写作场景。 时态以一般过去时或一般现在时为主，人称以第三人称为主，遵循客观性原则，不加入个人主观评价或观点。 [基本框架] 记叙文概要写作（最常用） 开头（1句）： 概括文章的背景信息（who, when, where, what——故事围绕何人、何时、何地、何事展开）。 主体（2-3句）： 简要描述事件的发展过程（how——故事如何发展），包括关键情节、转折点或人物所采取的主要行动；故事主人公面临的核心冲突（conflict）及其初步应对。 结尾（1句）： 点明故事的结局或启示（results/lessons），人物从中获得了怎样的经验、感悟或成长，这也是高考读后续写概要的必备内容。 说明文概要写作 结构一般为“说明对象（主题）+ 主要特征/原理 + 结论/应用”。说明文通常围绕某一事物、现象或观点进行客观介绍，包含定义、特征、原理、影响等要素。概要写作时应保留说明对象的定义或性质、核心特征或工作原理、结论或应用价值。 议论文概要写作 结构一般为“论点 + 论据 + 结论”。议论文通常围绕某一观点或现象进行讨论，包含明确的论点、支撑论点的论据（如数据、事例、引用等）以及总结性的结论。概要写作时应概括文章的核心观点，提炼主要论据，用简洁的语言呈现论证过程。 [常用词块] 记叙文概要专用 1. at first / initially 起初 2. then / later / afterwards 接着，后来 3. however / unfortunately 然而，不幸的是 4. as a result / consequently 结果 5. in the end / eventually 最终 6. thanks to / with the help of 多亏了，在……的帮助下 7. go through / experience 经历 8. overcome difficulties / challenges 克服困难/挑战 9. never give up / stay determined 永不放弃，保持坚定 10. learn a lesson from… 从……中吸取教训 11. realize the importance of… 意识到……的重要性 12. turn failure into success 将失败转化为成功 13. be regarded as / be considered as 被认为是 14. make a great contribution to 为……作出巨大贡献 15. set a good example for 为……树立好榜样 说明文概要专用 1. The passage introduces… 文章介绍了…… 2. according to the passage 根据文章所述 3. be caused by / result from 由……引起 4. there are several reasons for… ……有几个原因 5. measures should be taken to… 应该采取措施…… 6. be beneficial to / be harmful to 对……有益/有害 7. play an important role in 在……中起重要作用 8. in conclusion / to sum up 总之 议论文概要专用 1. The author argues that… 作者认为…… 2. It is stated in the passage that… 文章指出…… 3. on the one hand… on the other hand… 一方面……另一方面…… 4. compared with… 与……相比 5. the advantages outweigh the disadvantages 利大于弊 6. therefore / thus 因此 [常用语句]） ★精彩开头（记叙文） 1． The story is about… who… 这个故事是关于……，他/她…… 2． This passage tells us the experience of… 这篇文章讲述了……的经历。 3． The writer shares his/her personal story of… 作者分享了自己……的个人经历。 4． The passage tells a true story of… 文章讲述了一个关于……的真实故事。 ★精彩开头（说明文/议论文） 1． The passage mainly introduces / discusses… 文章主要介绍/讨论了…… 2． According to the passage,… 根据这篇文章，…… 3． It is explained in the passage that… 文章解释了…… 4． The author argues that… 作者认为…… ★正文佳句（记叙文） 1． At first, he / she faced great difficulty in… 起初，他/她在……方面遇到了巨大困难。 2． He / She didn’t give up and worked hard to overcome it. 他/她没有放弃，而是努力去克服。 3． With the help of…, he / she managed to… 在……的帮助下，他/她成功地…… 4． Thanks to his / her determination and persistence, he / she finally succeeded. 多亏了他的决心和坚持，他/她最终成功了。 5． Despite the challenges, he / she never lost heart. 尽管面临挑战，他/她从未灰心。 6． This experience taught him / her a valuable lesson. 这次经历给了他/她一个宝贵的教训。 7． He / She realized that hard work and perseverance pay off. 他/她认识到努力和坚持终有回报。 8． He / She was awarded / honored for his / her great achievements. 他/她因其卓越成就而获奖/受到表彰。 9． The story conveys a powerful message that… 这个故事传达了一个强有力的信息：…… ★正文佳句（说明文/议论文） 1． The passage points out that… 文章指出…… 2． Several factors contribute to this phenomenon. 有几个因素导致了这一现象。 3． To solve this problem, the author suggests that… 为了解决这个问题，作者建议…… 4． It can be concluded that… 可以得出结论…… [参考范文] 写作任务：假定你是李华，你的英语老师要求你为课文“The Superhero Behind Superman”写一篇60词左右的摘要（summary）。请根据以下提示完成。 文章大意：Christopher Reeve因饰演《超人》中的超级英雄而出名，在现实生活中他也积极投身慈善事业，获得了巨大成功。然而，一次意外坠马导致他身受重伤，全身瘫痪，陷入抑郁。但凭借强大的意志力和家人朋友的支持，他坚持康复训练，重新回到了电影和慈善事业中，成为了荧幕上和现实中的双重英雄。 参考范文 ：Christopher Reeve, famous for playing Superman in films, was also a real-life hero due to his devotion to charity.- However, a horse-riding accident left him paralyzed, causing deep depression.-1 With strong willpower and support from his family, he fought back, returned to film and charity work, and inspired many people with his courage and determination. The story conveys that a true superhero is defined by inner strength, not physical power. 学科网（北京）股份有限公59 / 60 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $