Unit 5 Good manners重难清单+强化训练（译林版）2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语期末单元复习重难清单+强化训练

2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语期末 单元复习重难清单+强化训练(译林版2024) Unit 5 Good manners 目录 第一部分 单元重难知识清单 核心词汇、重点短语、核心句式、语法要点、写作/阅读词句拓展、写作范文 第二部分 单元综合强化训练 单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解、语法填空、阅读表达、选词填空、完成句子、书面表达 ◇Part 01 单元重难知识清单 1.核心词汇 litter v. 乱扔垃圾 例句：Don’t litter everywhere. 不要到处乱扔垃圾。 respect v. 尊重 例句：We should respect our teachers and elders. 我们应该尊敬师长和长辈。 address v. 称呼；致辞 例句：We address old people politely. 我们礼貌地称呼长辈。 praise v. 表扬；称赞 例句：Teachers often praise hard-working students. 老师经常表扬勤奋的学生。 accept v. 接受 例句：She doesn’t accept praise easily. 她不轻易接受赞美。 behave v. 表现；举止 例句：You must behave well in public. 在公共场所你必须举止得体。 realize v. 意识到 例句：I realize the importance of good manners. 我意识到礼貌的重要性。 invite v. 邀请 例句：He invited me to have dinner. 他邀请我共进晚餐。 refuse v. 拒绝 例句：It’s impolite to refuse others’ kindness rudely. 粗鲁拒绝别人的好意是不礼貌的。 follow v. 遵守；跟随 例句：We must follow traffic rules. 我们必须遵守交通规则。 allow v. 允许 例句：We are not allowed to take photos in the museum. 博物馆内不允许拍照。 share v. 分享 例句：We should share food with friends. 我们应该和朋友分享食物。 patient adj. 耐心的 例句：Be patient when waiting in line. 排队时要有耐心。 polite adj. 礼貌的 例句：He is always polite to everyone. 他对所有人都彬彬有礼。 impolite adj. 不礼貌的 例句：Talking loudly in the library is impolite. 在图书馆大声喧哗是不礼貌的。 modest adj. 谦虚的 例句：Chinese people are very modest. 中国人十分谦虚。 hospitable adj. 好客的 例句：Chinese people are warm and hospitable. 中国人热情好客。 excited adj. 兴奋的 例句：I am excited to learn about different manners. 我很兴奋了解不同的礼仪。 trustworthy adj. 值得信赖的 例句：A trustworthy person always keeps his word. 守信的人总是信守承诺。 poor adj. 贫穷的；可怜的 例句：The old woman lived a poor life. 这位老妇人生活清贫。 honest adj. 诚实的 例句：We should be honest all the time. 我们要一直保持诚实。 thoughtful adj. 体贴的；考虑周到的 例句：She is thoughtful to others. 她待人很体贴。 proper adj. 恰当的；得体的 例句：Learn to behave in a proper way. 学会举止得体。 similar adj. 相似的 例句：The two countries have similar manners. 这两个国家有相似的礼仪。 local adj. 当地的 例句：We should respect local traditions. 我们应当尊重当地传统。 2.核心短语 drop litter 乱扔垃圾 例句：Please don’t drop litter in the park. 请不要在公园里乱扔垃圾。 leave the tap running 让水龙头一直开着 例句：Don’t leave the tap running. 别让水龙头一直流水。 keep quiet 保持安静 例句：Keep quiet in the reading room. 在阅览室保持安静。 pick flowers 摘花 例句：It’s wrong to pick flowers in the park. 在公园摘花是不对的。 follow traffic rules 遵守交通规则 例句：Everyone must follow traffic rules. 人人都要遵守交通规则。 wait in line 排队等候 例句：We should wait in line patiently. 我们应该耐心排队。 show respect for 尊重 例句：We show respect for our teachers. 我们尊敬老师。 leave rubbish 丢弃垃圾 例句：Don’t leave rubbish anywhere. 不要随处丢垃圾。 feel at home 感到宾至如归 例句：My friends make me feel at home. 朋友们让我倍感亲切。 address others 称呼他人 例句：We use nin to address elders. 我们用您称呼长辈。 when it comes to 当涉及到 例句：When it comes to praise, we are modest. 涉及赞美时，我们会保持谦虚。 accept praise 接受赞美 例句：Western people accept praise openly. 西方人坦然接受赞美。 put food on one’s plate 给某人夹菜 例句：Hosts often put food on guests’ plates. 主人常给客人夹菜。 get used to 习惯于 例句：It’s hard to get used to different manners. 适应不同礼仪很难。 do as the Romans do 入乡随俗 例句：We should do as the Romans do abroad. 在国外我们要入乡随俗。 jump the line 插队 例句：It’s rude to jump the line. 插队是粗鲁的行为。 keep one’s voice down 压低声音 例句：Please keep your voice down in public. 在公共场合请小声说话。 hold the door 扶着门 例句：People are kind to hold the door for others. 人们会好心为别人扶门。 push past 挤过去 例句：Don’t push past others in the crowd. 不要在人群中挤来挤去。 keep one’s word 信守承诺 例句：A gentleman always keeps his word. 君子一言，驷马难追。 wake sb up 叫醒某人 例句：They were too polite to wake him up. 他们太有礼貌，不愿叫醒他。 pay a visit to 拜访 例句：They paid a visit to the famous teacher. 他们拜访了这位名师。 play games on the phone 玩手机游戏 例句：Don’t play games on the phone in museums. 不要在博物馆玩手机游戏。 wear earphones 戴耳机 例句：Wear earphones when listening to music in public. 在公共场合听音乐要戴耳机。 leave a tip 给小费 例句：British people usually leave a tip in restaurants. 英国人常在餐厅给小费。 in a hurry 匆忙地 例句：Don’t eat in a hurry at table. 吃饭不要狼吞虎咽。 at the table 在餐桌旁 例句：We have many rules at the table. 餐桌礼仪有很多规矩。 make sure 确保 例句：Follow rules to make sure everyone is comfortable. 遵守规矩确保人人舒适。 cultural differences 文化差异 例句：We should understand cultural differences. 我们要理解文化差异。 local traditions 当地传统 例句：We need to know local traditions. 我们需要了解当地传统。 3.核心句型 Good manners and kindness are always in fashion. 礼貌与善良永远不过时。 It’s very important to show respect for your teachers. 尊敬老师是非常重要的。 You should be kind to your classmates. 你应该善待同学。 You shouldn’t run in the hallways after class. 课后你不应该在走廊奔跑。 Don’t forget to come back to class on time. 别忘了按时回教室。 When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。 They normally use nin to address others in a formal situation. 他们在正式场合通常用“您”称呼别人。 They are too modest to accept praise openly. 他们太过谦虚，不会坦然接受赞美。 It can be hard to get used to all these differences. 适应所有这些差异可能很难。 I realize there are many differences in manners here. 我意识到这里的礼仪有很多差异。 It’s not polite to call people by their names if they’re much older than you. 对比自己年长很多的人直呼其名是不礼貌的。 They behave differently to people in the UK. 他们的举止和英国人不一样。 It is important to know enough information about different manners. 了解足够多不同礼仪的信息很重要。 Stay in each place long enough to get to know the local traditions. 在每个地方停留足够久，了解当地传统。 You are old enough to travel alone. 你年龄足够大，可以独自旅行了。 Don’t talk too loudly in public. 不要在公共场合说话太大声。 They are patient enough to wait in line. 他们有足够的耐心排队等候。 He is too polite to jump the line. 他很有礼貌，不会插队。 The food is too hot for Robert to enjoy. 食物太烫，罗伯特没法享用。 He is trustworthy enough to win others’ praise. 他足够可靠，赢得了众人的称赞。 She is too poor to buy food for herself. 她太贫穷，买不起食物。 It is polite to talk about how tasty the food is. 夸赞食物美味是有礼貌的。 Do not start eating until everyone is ready. 等人都到齐了再开始用餐。 Never speak if you have food in your mouth. 嘴里有食物时绝不要说话。 We should follow rules to make sure guests and hosts are comfortable. 我们要遵守规矩，让宾主都感到自在。 4.语法知识 1. enough 用法 1）形容词/副词 + enough：enough放在形容词、副词后面，表示“足够……” 例：He is old enough to go to school. 他年龄足够大，可以上学了。 2）enough + 名词：enough放在名词前面 例：We have enough time to wait. 我们有足够的时间等待。 2. too 用法 too + 形容词/副词：too放在形容词、副词前面，表示“太……（超出需要）” 例：The box is too heavy. 这个箱子太重了。 3. enough to 结构 be + 形容词 + enough to do sth 足够……可以做某事 例：She is brave enough to share her ideas. 她足够勇敢，敢于分享自己的想法。 4. too...to... 结构 be + too + 形容词 + to do sth 太……而不能做某事 例：He is too shy to join the discussion. 他太害羞，不敢参与讨论。 拓展：too + adj + for sb + to do 对某人来说太……而不能…… 例：The room is too small for us to live in. 这房间太小，我们住不下。 5.阅读/写作必备词句 1.词汇 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 manner 礼仪；礼貌 tradition 传统 culture 文化 public 公共的 dining 用餐的 respect 尊敬 modesty 谦虚 hospitality 好客 behaviour 举止行为 rule 规则 situation 场合；情况 guest 客人 host 主人 politely 礼貌地 quietly 安静地 patiently 耐心地 properly 适当地 openly 坦然地 formally 正式地 daily 日常的 communicate 交流 comfort 舒适 expression 表达 custom 习俗 difference 差异 2.句式 Good manners play an important role in our daily life. 礼貌在我们日常生活中很重要。 It is necessary for us to learn good manners. 学习良好礼仪对我们很有必要。 We should behave well in different public places. 我们在不同公共场所应举止得体。 It’s impolite to speak loudly in the library. 在图书馆大声喧哗是不礼貌的。 We must respect teachers, elders and other people. 我们必须尊敬师长和他人。 We should wait in line instead of jumping the line. 我们应排队，不要插队。 Keeping quiet is a basic good manner. 保持安静是基本的礼貌。 We’d better not litter anywhere in public. 我们最好不在公共场所随地扔垃圾。 Table manners are important in Chinese culture. 餐桌礼仪在中国文化中很重要。 Don’t talk with food in your mouth. 不要嘴里含着食物说话。 We should show thanks to the host after dinner. 饭后我们应该向主人表示感谢。 Different countries have different manners and customs. 不同国家有不同的礼仪习俗。 We need to learn about cultural differences. 我们需要了解文化差异。 When we go abroad, we should do as the Romans do. 出国时我们要学会入乡随俗。 Being modest is a traditional Chinese virtue. 谦虚是中国的传统美德。 We should be honest and polite to everyone around us. 我们要真诚礼貌地对待身边每个人。 It is thoughtful to care about others’ feelings. 体谅他人感受是体贴的表现。 We should follow all kinds of rules in our life. 生活中我们要遵守各类规则。 Good manners can make us get on well with others. 良好礼仪能让我们与人和睦相处。 I hope everyone can keep good manners all the time. 希望每个人都能一直坚守文明礼仪。 6.写作范文 Good manners are very important in our daily life. They help us get on well with others. Firstly, we should respect our teachers and elders all the time. At school, we must follow school rules. We shouldn’t run in hallways or drop litter everywhere. We need to keep quiet in the library and wait in line patiently. Secondly, we should have good table manners. Don’t start eating before everyone is ready. Never talk with food in your mouth and be modest when others praise you. Also, when we go to other countries, we should learn cultural differences and do as the Romans do. Let’s try to behave properly and keep good manners every day. ◇Part 02 单元综合检测试卷 Unit 5 单元综合检测试题 一、单项选择 1．The 2026 Asian Games ________ in Aichi-Nagoya, Japan. We are looking forward to watching the wonderful matches. A．holds B．is held C．will hold D．will be held 2．He isn’t ________ to take part in the competition, so he feels upset. A．enough confident B．confident enough C．too confident D．confident too 3．The little boy felt ________ when his parents left him alone at home for the first time. A．alone B．lonely C．proud D．excited 4．It’s ________ to talk with your mouth full. Everyone should learn good table manners. A．polite B．impolite C．necessary D．important 5．The COVID-19 pandemic has a great ________ on people’s lives all over the world. A．difference B．influence C．decision D．progress 6．It’s never ________ to ________ new knowledge of the world. A．late enough; take off B．enough late; try out C．so late; try on D．too late; take up 7．She spoke clearly ________ for everyone to understand. A．enough B．too C．so D．such 8．I ________ feel tired after work. But now I gradually ________ it. A．get used to; used to B．used to; used to C．used to; get used to D．get used to; be used to 9．—I finally finished that difficult project. I feel on cloud nine. —________ You’ve worked so hard on it. A．Like what? B．Congratulations! C．What else? D．I see. 10．—You look so sad. What happened? —Everyone ________ us to win the game, but we lost. A．asked B．ordered C．expected D．hoped 11．—Both the food and the ________ are truly excellent here. —No wonder so many people come here to eat. A．promise B．tip C．award D．service 12．After years of training and practice, she became ________ to compete with each player and win honor for her country. A．strong enough B．enough strong C．too strong D．too weak 13．—Excuse me, your car is ________. Can you remove it? —I’m so sorry. I will move it away immediately. A．by the way B．on my way C．in my way D．off the way 14．—We are going to go bungee jumping next Saturday. Would you like to come along? —Wow! That would be exciting ________ challenging. I’m in! A．as good as B．as long as C．as far as D．as well as 15．Clever tourists can always know how to ________ themselves by following local people. A．behave B．develop C．treat D．support 16．The people are very nice and they always show respect ________ our feelings. A．in B．for C．of D．with 17．—I’m sorry for being late. The traffic was too heavy. —________. Come in and take a seat. A． It’s my pleasure B．Never mind C．That’s right D．With pleasure 18．________ you keep practicing speaking English every day, your spoken English will get better soon. A．If B．Unless C．Because D．Though 19．Keep quiet. Don’t make any ________ in the library. A．sound B．voice C．noise D．shout 20．—I wonder ________ to the beach for the holiday. —Why not take the high-speed train? It’s fast and comfortable. A．how will we go B．how we will go C．when will we go D．when we will go 二、完形填空 I always thought communication was mostly about words. But a trip to Japan last summer totally changed my 21 . During my stay, I joined a cultural exchange programme. My host family was warm and welcoming, but my Japanese was very limited. When we first met, the grandmother, Yuki-san, came into the living room and gave me a slow, deep 22 . I wasn’t sure what to do, so I quickly bowed back. She smiled and nodded, and somehow, without a single word, I felt completely 23 . The next day, I visited a local market with my host sister, Hana. I pointed at a beautiful ceramic bowl and raised my eyebrows 24 , hoping she would understand I was asking about the price. She caught on immediately and held up five fingers. I grinned and nodded—we had 25 perfectly, without saying a word. However, not every moment was so smooth. At dinner one night, I leaned back in my chair and stretched my arms wide—a habit I had when I felt relaxed. Hana looked slightly 26 . Later, she explained that such gestures could seem rude at the dinner table in Japanese culture. I felt my face turn red with 27 . That experience made me realize something important. Body language is not 28 across cultures. A thumbs-up might mean “great” in one country but could cause 29 in another. Even a simple smile can carry very different meanings depending on the situation. By the end of my trip, I had learned to 30 the unspoken signals around me more carefully. Real communication, I discovered, is not just about the words you speak—it is also about what your body says without making a sound. 21．A．decision B．habit C．mind D．schedule 22．A．wave B．bow C．handshake D．nod 23．A．ignored B．nervous C．welcome D．confused 24．A．angrily B．repeatedly C．questioningly D．carelessly 25．A．argued B．communicated C．competed D．disagreed 26．A．uncomfortable B．excited C．amused D．relaxed 27．A．pride B．embarrassment C．relief D．confidence 28．A．universal B．necessary C．understandable D．popular 29．A．pleasure B．trouble C．interest D．silence 30．A．give up on B．pay attention to C．turn away from D．catch up with 三、阅读理解 A 31．What time do Western people usually have dinner? A．About midday. B．At 5 p.m. in the afternoon. C．Around 7 p.m. or even later. D．Before 7 p.m. in the afternoon. 32．What will a host probably say to a guest at the start of a meal in the West? A．“Can I help you?” B．“Eat slowly!” C．“Help yourself!” D．“Could you serve me?” 33．When might people want to say, “I’m sorry, I can’t eat this.”? A．If they are full. B．If they are tired. C．If the hosts keep offering a lot of food to them. D．If the hosts give them something they don’t like. B Belarus (白俄罗斯) is known for its many unique customs. Belarusians are also famous for their wonderful traditions and habits. They’re kind, with special ways to talk, meet, and treat guests. Let’s learn about them together! Belarusians are open, warm, and honest. They often say “please” and “thank you”. They use “you” in different ways. Young people call each other by first names, but grown-ups use first names and father’s names. When meeting, they shake hands, hug, or kiss. Old people kiss kids’ foreheads (前额). Friends kiss each other’s cheeks. Men may kiss ladies’ hands to show respect. If you don’t know a lady well, don’t shake hands unexpectedly. Just say she looks young and nice. To welcome guests, Belarusians give them bread and salt. Guests should bow, pretend to kiss the bread, take a small piece of it, then put salt on it, eat it, and say “thank you”. When you visit Belarusians, bring odd-numbered flowers (3, 5, 7 …) for the hostess. Even numbers (偶数) are for people who have died. Belarusians laugh loudly to express happiness. A small smile may mean they look down on someone. This is very different from the meaning of our “polite smile”. Their main food is bread, and they love meat, potatoes, and different kinds of soups. Potatoes are so important that over 100 dishes can be made with them! They also enjoy sour cream, cheese, and yogurt. When eating soup, they never make noise. 34．How do young Belarusians usually call each other? A．By their full names. B．By their father’s names. C．By their first names. D．By their family names. 35．How do Belarusian men show respect to women? A．By shaking hands hard with a warm smile. B．By kissing ladies’ hands in a polite manner. C．By hugging ladies closely with both arms. D．By bowing deeply and avoiding eye contact. 36．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Smiling is always a sign of friendliness. B．Only close friends can exchange smiles. C．Belarusians seldom smile in daily life. D．A small smile might mean no respect. 37．What’s the structure of the text? (①=Paragraph 1, …) A．①|②③④⑤⑥ B．①|②③④⑤|⑥ C．①②|③④⑤|⑥ D．①②③④⑤|⑥ C Table manners are very important in different cultures, as they can show your politeness and respect for others. In Britain, people use knives and forks to eat most food. They hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left hand, cutting food into small pieces before eating. They shouldn’t put their elbows on the table during the meal, as it’s considered impolite. It’s also polite to wait for the host to start eating first, and to say “thank you” to the host after the meal. When eating soup, they use a spoon and scoop the soup away from themselves. In China, people use chopsticks to eat. It’s rude to point at others with chopsticks, tap the bowl with chopsticks, or stick chopsticks upright in the rice. Also, we shouldn’t stand up to take food from far away, instead, we can ask others to pass it to us. Using serving chopsticks to take food from shared dishes is a good habit, especially in public occasions, as it’s more hygienic. We should wait for the elders to start eating before we begin, and it’s polite to offer food to elders. In France, people often eat slowly and enjoy their food, as meal time is a time for family and friends to communicate. They shouldn’t talk with food in their mouths or make noise while eating. It’s polite to thank the host for the meal and praise the food sincerely. In Germany, people pay attention to punctuality for meals, and they usually don’t waste food. They also use knives and forks, and it’s rude to put your hands under the table. 38．What do British people use to eat? A．Chopsticks. B．Hands. C．Spoons and forks. D．Knives and forks. 39．Which is rude in China according to the passage? A．Using serving chopsticks. B．Waiting for elders to eat first. C．Pointing at others with chopsticks. D．Eating with chopsticks. 40．What should people in France NOT do during the meal? A．Eat slowly. B．Talk with food in mouths. C．Thank the host. D．Make loud noise. 41．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Different table manners in different countries. B．How to use chopsticks in China. C．How to greet others in Britain. D．Differences of dining customs in countries. D If someone invites you to a party, what will you do? Accept it happily or refuse it politely? In our daily life, we often receive different invitations. Knowing how to accept or refuse invitations properly is an important social skill. When you get an invitation, first you should show your thanks, no matter you will go or not. If you decide to accept the invitation, you need to reply clearly. You can say “Thank you for inviting me! I’d love to come.” And you’d better ask about the exact time and place of the party to avoid being late. Before going to the party, it’s polite to prepare a small gift, such as flowers or snacks. When you arrive, greet the host warmly. During the party, don’t leave too early. Enjoy the time with other guests. Sometimes you may be too busy or have other plans, so you have to turn down an invitation. Remember to refuse politely and explain the reason briefly. Never refuse others’ invitations rudely. There are different ways to refuse. If you have to study for an exam, you can say “I’m sorry I can’t go. I have to prepare for my English test tonight.” If you are ill, you can tell the truth directly. You can also show your regret and hope to join next time. For example, “What a pity! I have to look after my little sister. I hope I can come next time.” Besides, you should pay attention to different situations. For family members and close friends, you can speak more freely. For teachers or strangers, your words should be more polite and formal. In a word, good manners will help you get on well with people around you. Practice these skills, and you will become a popular person in social situations. 42．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to hold a wonderful party. B．How to accept or refuse invitations properly. C．Different kinds of parties in daily life. D．How to make friends at parties. 43．What should you do first when you get an invitation? A．Buy a gift at once. B．Show your thanks. C．Ask for the address. D．Refuse it directly. 44．Which is a polite way to refuse an invitation? A．I don’t want to go. B．No, I’m busy. C．Sorry, I have to look after my sister. D．It’s boring, so I won’t go. 45．Why do people refuse invitations according to the passage? ① Have to study      ② Be ill       ③ Need to look after family members      ④ Dislike the host A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 46．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Parties are not important for us. B．Good manners help us get along with others. C．We should never refuse others’ invitations. D．We can speak casually to teachers. E 阅读以下内容，从其后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，有两项是多余的。 Gift giving traditions are greatly different from one country to another. 47 Let’s take a look at the special gifting traditions from around the world. 48 Many Americans think practical gifts like this are useful and thoughtful. However, in certain European countries like Germany, people believe that a knife presented as a gift will cut off your friendship. In Indian culture, left hands are thought to be unclean. 49 This tradition comes from long-held cultural thoughts about cleanliness and respect. In Indian culture, an odd number (奇数) of things or money stands for good luck. Indians often choose odd numbers for gifts to send good wishes. 50 In Zimbabwe, it is common to directly ask for a gift. When you receive a gift without asking for it, even if the giver’s family is poor, it’s the worst way to refuse the offering. 51 These may include jumping up and down, dancing or cheering. A．For example, £11 should be given instead of £10. B．So behaviours such as touching and giving gifts are to be done with right hands. C．You’d better give a much more expensive gift in return. D．In the US, a set of kitchen knives seems a perfect gift idea. E．For example, you can give them two bottles of wine as a present. F．Also, expressing thanks with actions is better than just saying “thanks”. G．A behaviour that shows respect in one place might be impolite somewhere else. 四、选词填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词仅限用一次，每空限填一个单词。） power, common, culture, they, avoid, interest, well, example, mean, wise In different places around the world, the same animal may stand for (代表) quite different meanings. Are you 52 in learning about these differences? Here are two typical 53 . In almost all English-speaking countries, the lion is 54 seen as “the king of all beasts”. It is always connected with those people who are brave, 55 and strong. British people even use the lion as the symbol of 56 nation. However, the tiger is “the king of all beasts” in the eyes of Chinese people. So, the tiger in China carries the 57 meanings of bravery, power and strength. As one of the most mysterious (神秘的) birds, the owl normally stands for wisdom in Western countries. For example, they often use “as 58 as an owl” in their texts and daily conversations. But hearing the sound of an owl 59 that bad things may happen soon in China. Animals have important symbolic meanings in different cultures. Learning about these differences can help us 60 some misunderstanding. They can also help us understand the local culture much 61 . 五、短文填空 We interviewed June Galloway about 62 (she) new book Get Off on the Right Foot: Don’t Let the Wrong Gesture Ruin Your Day. ★ In your book, communicating with gestures 63 (pay) much attention to. Why is it so important? June: Well, gestures and other body language have different meanings in different places. What you consider friendly can be thought 64 (polite) in another culture. I’ve described many of such cultural differences in my book. 65 my readers meet people from different cultures, they won’t get off on the wrong foot. ★ Can someone 66 (serious) misunderstand others because of a wrong greeting? June: In some places, yes. The heavy handshake that a North American expects may seem rude in other places. And a light handshake—which is usual in some countries—seems unfriendly 67 a North American. ★ What other gestures can cause misunderstanding? June: Take 68 gesture “come here” for example. In North America, people gesture with the palm up. But in Southern Europe, that gesture means goodbye. And in many Asian countries, the palm-up gesture is rude, which 69 (show) no respect to others. In fact, people there gesture with the palm down. ★ I believe there are common 70 (gesture) used everywhere, right? Like the thumbs-up gesture for “great”? June: Sorry. That’s very rude in Australia and the Middle East. That is why it’s important 71 (know) about body language and cultural differences. 六、完成句子 72．一开始要适应这些差异可能会有些困难。 It can be hard at first to ________ ________ ________ all these differences. 73．在公共场所，人们会体贴地保持安静。 In public places, people are ________ ________ to ________ ________. 74．中国人喜欢围坐成一圈吃饭。 Chinese people like to ______ ______ ______ ______ when eating. 75．我们必须遵守博物馆规则。 We must ______ the ______ ______. 76．食物太烫了，现在不能吃。 The food is ________ ________ ________ eat now. 77．请排队等候上车。 Please ________ ________ ________ to get on the bus. 78．我们必须学会如何在不同的场合表现得体。 We must learn ________ ________ ________ properly in different situations. 79．这个孩子已经足够大了，可以自己穿衣服了。 The child is ________ ________ ________ ________ himself. 80．入乡随俗。我们应该遵守当地的习俗。 When in Rome, ________ ________ the Romans do. We should follow the local customs. 81．我的中国朋友足够友好，让我感到宾至如归。   My Chinese friends are kind ________ ________ make me feel at home. 七、书面表达 82．假如你是Li Hua，你的英国笔友Mike计划暑假来中国旅游，他对中国文化很感兴趣，但他担心因为不了解礼仪而失礼。请你根据以下要点给他写一封邮件，向他介绍一些重要的中国礼仪。 写作要点： 1. Advice on greetings, visiting a friend’s home and table manners in China; 2. What else should Mike pay attention to? (e.g. In public places...) 写作要求： 1．短文必须包括所给要点，可适当发挥； 2．语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整； 3．文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名）； 4．词数：不少于70词。（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。 Dear Mike, I’m happy to hear that you will come to China this summer. As we know, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”. It’s important for you to learn some Chinese customs before coming. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I hope you will have a great trip in China. Yours, Li Hua 参考答案 一、 1．D 【解析】句意：2026年亚运会将在日本爱知—名古屋举行。我们期待着观看精彩的比赛。 根据“We are looking forward to watching...”可知亚运会尚未发生，时态应用一般将来时；主语The 2026 Asian Games是动作hold的承受者，应用被动语态，结构为will be+过去分词。 2．B 【解析】句意：他还不够自信去参加比赛，所以他感到难过。 enough修饰形容词或副词时，需放在被修饰词之后，即“形容词/副词+enough”；too修饰形容词或副词时，需放在被修饰词之前。根据句意及语法规则，confident为形容词，enough应放在其后，故填confident enough。 3．B 【解析】句意：当父母第一次把小男孩独自留在家里时，他感到孤独。 alone独自的；lonely孤独的；proud自豪的；excited兴奋的。根据“when his parents left him alone at home for the first time”可知，父母把孩子独自留在家，推测出孩子心里感到孤独。alone侧重客观状态，lonely侧重主观感受，felt后接表感受的形容词。 4．B 【解析】句意：嘴里塞满东西说话是不礼貌的。每个人都应该学习良好的餐桌礼仪。 polite礼貌的；impolite不礼貌的；necessary必要的；important重要的。根据常识及后句“Everyone should learn good table manners”可知，这是不好的行为，是不礼貌的。应填impolite。 5．B 【解析】句意：新冠肺炎疫情对全世界人民的生活产生了巨大的影响。 difference区别；influence影响；decision决定；progress进步。根据“has a great...on”及语境可知，此处指疫情对生活产生巨大影响，固定搭配have a great influence on意为“对……有很大影响”。 6．D 【解析】句意：开始学习世界的新知识永远都不晚。 late enough足够晚；enough late表达有误；so late如此晚；too late太晚。take off脱掉；try out试验；try on试穿；take up开始学习。固定句型It’s never too late to do sth.表示“做某事永远不晚”，enough修饰形容词应后置，排除B。take up表示“开始从事/学习”，符合“新知识”语境，所以选D。 7．A 【解析】句意：她讲得足够清晰，以便每个人都能理解。 enough足够地；too太；so如此；such这样的。enough修饰形容词或副词时要后置，句中clearly为副词，符合“副词 + enough + for sb. to do sth.”结构。 8．C 【解析】句意：我过去下班后常常感到疲惫，但现在我渐渐习惯了。 used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事（现在不做了）”，符合“过去感到疲惫”的语境。get used to sth.表示“习惯于某事”，符合“现在渐渐习惯了”的语境。 9．B 【解析】句意：——我终于完成了那个困难的项目。我感到非常高兴。——恭喜！你为此付出了很多努力。 Like what比如说；Congratulations恭喜你；What else还有别的吗；I see我明白了。结合上文完成困难项目后的喜悦心情，以及下文对对方努力工作的肯定，可知此处应表达祝贺之意。 10．C 【解析】句意：——你看起来很伤心。发生什么事了？——大家都期望我们赢得比赛，但是我们输了。 asked要求；ordered命令；expected期望；hoped希望。根据“but we lost”及“You look so sad”可知，结果与原本的想法相反，大家原本“期望”我们赢，“expect sb. to do sth. ”意为“期望某人做某事”，符合语境。 11．D 【解析】句意：——这里的食物和服务都非常棒。——难怪这么多人喜欢来这里吃饭。 promise承诺；tip提示，小费；award奖励；service服务。根据“Both the food and the...”及答语“No wonder so many people come to eat here.”可知，此处谈论的是餐厅受欢迎的理由，通常与食物并列作为优点的是服务。 12．A 【解析】句意：经过多年的训练和练习，她变得足够强大，能够与每位选手竞争并为国家赢得荣誉。 根据“After years of training and practice”和“win honor for her country”可知，这里指她变得足够强大能够与每位选手竞争，enough修饰形容词要后置，即strong enough；too…to…表示“太……而不能……”，不符合语境。 13．C 【解析】句意：——打扰一下，你的车挡我的路了。你能把它移走吗？——非常抱歉。我马上把它移走。 by the way顺便说一下；on my way在我的路上；in my way挡住我的路；off the way偏离道路。根据答句“I will move it away immediately.”可知，前句强调车“挡住我的路”，应填in my way。 14．D 【解析】句意：——我们下周六要去蹦极。你想一起去吗？——哇！那将会是既刺激又有挑战性的。我加入！ as good as和……一样好；as long as只要；as far as就……而言；as well as也，和……一样。根据“That would be exciting...challenging.”可知，此处表示“既令人兴奋又具有挑战性”，应填as well as。 15．A 【解析】句意：聪明的游客总是知道如何通过跟随当地人来约束自己的行为。 behave表现，举止；develop发展；treat对待，款待；support支持。根据“by following local people”可知，游客通过模仿当地人来学习如何举止得体，“behave themselves”为固定搭配，意为“举止得体，守规矩”，符合语境。应填behave。 16．B 【解析】句意：这些人很好，他们总是对于我们的感受表示尊重。 in在……里面；for对于；of……的；with和……一起。固定搭配show respect for意为“尊重……"，符合语境。应填for。 17．B 【解析】句意：——对不起我迟到了。交通太拥挤了。——没关系。进来坐吧。 It’s my pleasure不客气，用于回应感谢；Never mind没关系，用于回应道歉；That’s right那是对的，用于表示赞同；With pleasure乐意效劳，用于回应请求。根据“I’m sorry for being late”“Come in and take a seat”可知说话者在道歉，且对方并不介意迟到，应填Never mind。 18．A 【解析】句意：如果你坚持每天练习说英语，你的英语口语很快就会变得更好。 If如果；Unless除非；Because因为；Though虽然。根据“your spoken English will get better soon”可知，前后句是条件关系，表示“如果”坚持练习，口语就会变好，符合逻辑。 19．C 【解析】句意：保持安静。不要在图书馆里制造任何噪音。 sound声音（泛指各种声音）；voice嗓音（人的说话声或歌声）；noise噪音，喧闹声；shout呼喊，喊叫。根据“Keep quiet”和“in the library”可知，图书馆需要安静，应是不制造噪音，noise符合语境。 20．B 【解析】句意：——我想知道我们假期将如何去海滩。——为什么不坐高铁呢？它又快又舒服。 宾语从句需用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语”，排除疑问语序的A和C；根据答语建议乘坐高铁可知，询问的是交通方式，应用how引导，排除询问时间的D。 二、 21．C 22．B 23．C 24．C 25．B 26．A 27．B 28．A 29．B 30．B 【解析】本文讲述作者在日本旅行期间，通过经历意识到肢体语言在不同文化中存在差异，强调了非语言交流的重要性。 【解析】21．句意：但去年夏天的一次日本之旅完全改变了我的想法。 前文说作者原本认为交流只靠语言，日本之旅改变了他原本的想法，change one’s mind是固定搭配，意为“改变想法”，应填mind。decision“决定”、habit“习惯”、schedule“日程”不符合语境。 22．句意：祖母走进客厅，向我缓慢深深地鞠了一躬。 根据上下文，后文提到作者立刻鞠躬回礼“bowed back”，说明奶奶先向作者行了鞠躬礼，bow“鞠躬”符合日本见面礼仪和上下文逻辑。wave“挥手”、handshake“握手”、nod“点头”，均与后文动作不对应。 23．句意：不知何故，没有一个字，我感到完全被欢迎。 寄宿家庭很热情，奶奶微笑点头互动后，作者没说一句话就感受到了接纳，应填welcome“被欢迎的”符合正向语境。ignored“被忽视”、nervous“紧张”、confused“困惑的”均与积极语境矛盾。 24．句意：我指着一个漂亮的陶瓷碗，疑问地扬起眉毛。 作者指着碗想询问价格，因此抬眉毛是带着疑问的神态，questioningly“带有疑问地”，符合询问的语境。angrily“生气地”、repeatedly“重复地”、carelessly“粗心地”，均不符合询问价格的语境。 25．句意：我们完美地交流了，没说一个字。 文章核心讲“交流”，作者和“host sister”没说话就完成了互动，此处指两人完美完成了交流，应填communicated“交流”符合文意。argued“争论”、competed“竞争”、disagreed“不同意”均与和谐互动的语境不符。 26．句意：Hana看起来有点不舒服。 作者伸开手臂的动作在日本餐桌文化中是不礼貌的，因此Hana看到后会觉得有点不舒服，应填uncomfortable“不舒服的”。excited“兴奋的”、amused“被逗乐的”、relaxed“放松的”均与粗鲁行为导致的反应不符。 27．句意：我感到脸因尴尬而变红。 作者知道自己失礼后，因为尴尬脸红，应填embarrassment“尴尬”。pride“骄傲”、relief“解脱”、confidence“自信”，均与羞愧的情感色彩不符。 28．句意：肢体语言在不同文化中并非通用的。 后文提到不同文化中肢体语言含义不同，因此这里想表达“肢体语言不是跨文化通用的”，应填universal“通用的、普适的”。necessary“必要的”、understandable“可理解的”、popular“流行的”均无法体现文化差异。 29．句意：但在另一个国家可能引起麻烦。 同一个肢体语言在不同国家含义不同，不合适的表达会引发麻烦，cause trouble意为“造成麻烦”，应填trouble。pleasure“快乐”、interest“兴趣”、silence“沉默”，均为正面或中性，不符逻辑。 30．句意：在我的旅行结束时，我学会了更仔细地关注周围的无声信号。 经历过后作者学会了更仔细地留意身边无声的肢体信号，应填pay attention to“注意、留意”。give up on“放弃”、turn away from“避开”、catch up with“赶上”，均与学习沟通的目的相反。 三、 A 31．C 32．C 33．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了西方餐桌礼仪的基本常识，包括用餐时间、上菜方式、食物拒绝方法、餐具使用以及餐后礼仪，并以“入乡随俗”为核心原则。 31．图中“Dinner is eaten around 7 p.m. or even later”，直接说明了西方人通常什么时候吃晚餐。 32．图中At the start of a meal, a guest will be invited to serve himself (“Help yourself!”)”，可知，符合主人在餐前对客人说的话。 33．图中“Push it to the edge of the plate and leave it there. I’m sorry, I can’t eat this”，可知这句话是用来拒绝自己不喜欢的食物。 B 34．C 35．B 36．D 37．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了白俄罗斯的一些独特的风俗习惯。 34．第二段“Young people call each other by first names”表明，白俄罗斯年轻人之间通常直呼其名。 35．第三段“Men may kiss ladies’ hands to show respect.”指出，男士吻女士的手是表示尊重的方式。 36．上文说白俄罗斯人会放声大笑来表达快乐，look down on意为“不尊重”，划线句子意为“微笑可能意味着他们看不起某人”，与D选项“一抹微笑可能意味着不尊重。”意思相近。 37．文章第一段总述白俄罗斯有许多独特的风俗习惯；第二至六段分别从称呼、见面礼仪、待客之道、微笑含义及饮食习惯五个方面具体介绍。因此文章结构为“总分”结构，即①|②③④⑤⑥。 C 38．D 39．C 40．B 41．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国、中国、法国、德国四个国家不同的餐桌礼仪，包括用餐工具、用餐规则及礼貌行为等，强调了餐桌礼仪在不同文化中体现礼貌与尊重的重要性。 38．根据第一段第二句“In Britain, people use knives and forks to eat most food.”可知，英国人主要使用刀叉进食。 39．根据第二段第二句“It’s rude to point at others with chopsticks...”可知，在中国用筷子指别人是不礼貌的。 40．根据第三段第二句“They shouldn’t talk with food in their mouths or make noise while eating.”可知，法国人吃饭时不应嘴里含着食物说话或发出噪音。选项B与原文完全一致，选项D多了“loud”一词，不如B准确。 41．文章第一段首句提到“Table manners are very important in different cultures”，随后分别介绍了英国、中国、法国和德国的餐桌礼仪。因此全文主旨是关于不同国家的不同餐桌礼仪。 D 42．B 43．B 44．C 45．A 46．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在日常生活中如何礼貌地接受或拒绝邀请，以及不同场合下应注意的社交礼仪。 42．文章第一段提到“Knowing how to accept or refuse invitations properly is an important social skill.”，全文围绕如何恰当接受或拒绝邀请展开，因此主旨是介绍这一社交技能。 43．第二段提到“When you get an invitation, first you should show your thanks, no matter you will go or not.”，说明收到邀请时，首先应该表达感谢。 44．第三段提到拒绝邀请时要礼貌并简要说明理由，“Sorry, I have to look after my sister.”既表达了歉意，也说明了理由，是礼貌的拒绝方式。 45．第三段提到拒绝邀请的原因包括“have to study for an exam”对应①，“If you are ill”对应②，“I have to look after my little sister”对应③，而④“Dislike the host”文中未提及。 46．最后一段提到“In a word, good manners will help you get on well with people around you.”，说明我们能学到的是礼貌有助于和他人友好相处。 E 47．G 48．D 49．B 50．A 51．F 【解析】本文介绍了不同国家各不相同的送礼习俗，分别讲述了美国、德国、印度以及津巴布韦独特的送礼文化与礼仪讲究。 47．前文提到不同国家的送礼传统大不相同，G选项“A behaviour that shows respect in one place might be impolite somewhere else.”表示在一个地方表示尊重的行为在另一个地方可能是不礼貌的，承接上文，解释各国送礼习俗差异的具体体现。 48．后文提到许多美国人认为这类实用的礼物贴心又有用，同时对比了德国送刀具的禁忌，D选项“In the US, a set of kitchen knives seems a perfect gift idea.”表示在美国，一套厨房刀具似乎是绝佳的礼物选择，引出下文美、德两国送礼差异的内容。 49．前文提到在印度文化中，左手被认为是不干净的，B选项“So behaviours such as touching and giving gifts are to be done with right hands.”表示所以触碰、送礼等行为都需要用右手完成，承接上文，说明印度对应的送礼礼仪。 50．前文提到印度人送礼偏爱奇数数字来传递美好祝愿，A选项“For example, £11 should be given instead of £10.”表示例如，应该送11英镑而不是10英镑，举例佐证上文印度偏爱奇数送礼的习俗。 51．后文提到可以通过蹦跳、跳舞、欢呼等方式表达谢意，F选项“Also, expressing thanks with actions is better than just saying “thanks”.”表示此外，用行动表达感谢比单纯说谢谢更好，引出下文具体的致谢行为方式。 四、 52．interested 53．examples 54．commonly 55．powerful 56．their 57．cultural 58．wise 59．means 60．avoid 61．better 【解析】本文介绍了不同文化中动物象征意义的差异，以狮子、老虎和猫头鹰为例，分别阐述了它们在中西方文化中的不同寓意，指出了解这些文化差异有助于避免误解、更好地理解当地文化。 52．句意：你对了解这些差异感兴趣吗？空格处需要填一个形容词作表语，构成系表结构。结合语境，此处询问对方是否对文化差异感兴趣，“be interested in”表示“对……感兴趣”，方框中的“interest”是名词/动词，其形容词形式“interested”专门用来描述人“感兴趣的”状态，符合句意，故填“interested”。 53．句意：这里有两个典型的例子。空格处需要填一个名词作表语，前面有数量词“two”修饰，说明要用名词复数形式。结合上下文，下文会具体举狮子、老虎和猫头鹰的例子，方框中的“example”是可数名词，意为“例子”，其复数形式“examples”符合“两个例子”的语境，故填“examples”。 54．句意：在几乎所有说英语的国家，狮子通常被视为“百兽之王”。空格处需要填一个副词修饰动词“seen”，说明动作发生的频率。结合常识，狮子在英语国家普遍被当作百兽之王，方框中的“common”是形容词，意为“普遍的”，其副词形式“commonly”表示 “通常地、普遍地”，能够准确修饰被动语态中的动词“seen”，符合句意，故填“commonly”。 55．句意：它总是与那些勇敢、强大且强壮的人联系在一起。空格处需要填一个形容词，与前后的“brave”（勇敢的）、“strong”（强壮的）并列，共同作定语修饰名词“people”，描述人的品质。结合语境，狮子象征着力量，方框中的“power”是名词，意为“力量”，其形容词形式“powerful”表示 “强大的、有力量的”，与另外两个形容词语义并列，符合句意，故填“powerful”。 56．句意：英国人甚至用狮子作为他们国家的象征。空格处需要填一个形容词性物主代词修饰名词“nation”，表明所属关系。结合语境，此处指“英国人的国家”，方框中的“they”是主格代词，其形容词性物主代词“their”表示 “他们的”，能够准确指代英国人的，符合句意，故填“their”。 57．句意：因此，老虎在中国承载着勇敢、力量和强壮的文化意义。空格处需要填一个形容词修饰名词“meanings”，说明意义的属性。结合全文主题，本文讲的是不同文化中动物的象征意义，方框中的“culture”是名词，意为“文化”，其形容词形式“cultural”表示“文化的”，能够准确修饰“meanings”，说明是文化层面的意义，符合句意，故填“cultural”。 58．句意：例如，他们经常在文章和日常对话中使用“像猫头鹰一样聪明”。空格处需要填一个形容词，构成“as + 形容词原级 + as”的比较结构。结合常识，西方文化中猫头鹰象征智慧，“as wise as an owl”是英语中的固定习语，表示“像猫头鹰一样聪明”，方框中的“wise”是形容词，意为“聪明的、有智慧的”，完全符合这个固定搭配和语境，故填“wise”。 59．句意：但在中国，听到猫头鹰的叫声意味着坏事可能很快就要发生。空格处需要填一个动词作谓语，本句描述的是中国文化中的普遍认知，属于客观事实，要用一般现在时。句子的主语是动名词短语“hearing the sound of an owl”，动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。方框中的“mean”是动词，意为 “意味着”，其第三人称单数形式“means”符合语法规则和语境，故填“means”。 60．句意：了解这些差异可以帮助我们避免一些误解。空格处需要填一个动词作宾语补足语，“help sb. do sth.”是固定搭配，表示“帮助某人做某事”，此处要用动词原形。结合语境，了解文化差异的作用是防止产生误解，方框中的“avoid”是动词原形，意为“避免”，符合“帮助我们避免误解”的句意，故填“avoid”。 61．句意：它们也能帮助我们更好地理解当地文化。空格处需要填一个副词比较级修饰动词“understand”，说明理解的程度。前面的“much”是用来修饰比较级的标志词，方框中的“well”是副词原级，意为“好地”，其比较级“better”表示 “更好地”，能够准确说明了解文化差异后对当地文化的理解程度会提升，符合句意，故填“better”。 五、 62．her 63．is paid 64．impolite 65．If/When 66．seriously 67．to 68．the 69．shows 70．gestures 71．to know 【解析】本文以采访June Galloway的形式，探讨了不同文化中手势和肢体语言的含义差异，强调了了解这些差异以避免误解的重要性。 62．句意：我们采访了June Galloway关于她的新书《迈出正确第一步：别让错误手势毁了你的这一天》。修饰名词“book”，需用形容词性物主代词“her”，表示“她的”。 63．句意：在您的书中，用手势交流得到了很多关注。主语“communicating with gestures”与谓语动词“pay”之间为被动关系，句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“is + 过去分词”。pay的过去分词为paid。 64．句意：你认为友好的行为在另一种文化中可能被认为是不礼貌的。根据句意，友好变不礼貌，需用“polite”的反义词“impolite”，意为“不礼貌的”。 65．句意：如果/当我的读者遇到来自不同文化的人时，他们不会迈错第一步。可用“If”引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”；也可用“When”引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”。两者均符合语境，句首首字母需大写。 66．句意：有人会因为错误的问候而严重误解他人吗？修饰动词“misunderstand”，需用副词形式作状语。“serious”的副词形式为“seriously”，意为“严重地”。 67．句意：而某些国家常见的轻握手，对北美人来说似乎不友好。“be unfriendly to”是固定搭配，意为“对……不友好”，需用介词“to”。 68．句意：以“过来”这个手势为例。“the gesture”特指前文提到的“come here”这个手势，需用定冠词“the”。 69．句意：手掌朝上的手势是粗鲁的，这表现出对他人的不尊重。定语从句中，主语“which”指代前文提到的这个手势，为第三人称单数，句子描述客观事实，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式shows。 70．句意：我相信有些手势是通用的，比如竖起大拇指表示“很棒”。根据句意，此处表示“手势”，且“common”后需用可数名词复数形式“gestures”表示泛指。 71．句意：这就是为什么了解肢体语言和文化差异很重要。“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”是固定句型，其中“it”为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，此处应填动词不定式to know。 六、 72． get used to 【解析】原句中 “适应” 是核心短语，常用动词短语get used to，此处使用动词原形，构成动词不定式作句子真正的主语。 73． thoughtful enough keep quiet 【解析】原句中“会体贴地保持安静”是关键词。“体贴地”可用形容词thoughtful表示，固定搭配be thoughtful enough to do sth.意为“足够体贴去做某事”。后接“保持安静”，英文短语为keep quiet。故填thoughtful；enough；keep；quiet。 74． sit in a circle 【解析】原句中“围坐成一圈”是关键词，表示“围坐成一圈”的短语是sit in a circle，like to后接动词原形。 75． follow museum rules 【解析】原句中“遵守”和“博物馆规则”是关键词。“遵守”用follow，must后接动词原形；“博物馆规则”用museum rules。 76． too hot to 【解析】根据句意，空白处意为“太热……以至于不能”。“too...to”意为“太……以至于不能”；“烫”可翻译为“hot”。故填too；hot；to。 77． wait in line 【解析】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“排队等候”的英文表达，wait in line是固定搭配短语；本句是祈使句，please后接动词原形。 78． how to behave 【解析】原句中“如何表现得体”是关键词，本句中learn后接“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语，“如何”用疑问词how表示，“表现”用动词behave表示，构成how to behave，故填how to behave。 79． old enough to dress 【解析】原句中“足够大”和“可以自己穿衣服了”是关键词，表示“足够大可以做某事”的英文是old enough to do sth；表示“给……穿衣服”的英文是dress，to后接动词原形。 80． do as 【解析】原句中“入乡随俗”是关键词，表示该含义的英语谚语是“When in Rome, do as the Romans do”。本句前半句已给出“When in Rome”，后半句应填do as，构成完整谚语。 81． enough to 【解析】原句中“足够”是关键词，表示“足够”的副词为“enough”。“adj. + enough + to do sth.”表示“足够……去做某事”，固定搭配。故填enough；to。 七、 Dear Mike, I’m happy to hear that you will come to China this summer. As we know, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”. It’s important for you to learn some Chinese customs before coming. First, you should shake hands when you greet people. Don’t kiss or hug them. Second, when you visit a friend’s home, knock on the door first and bring small gifts like fruit. At table, use chopsticks properly. Don’t stick them into the food, and don’t make noise while eating. In public, you should keep quiet and wait in line. Don’t speak loudly or litter everywhere. It’s polite to be modest and friendly. I hope you will have a great trip in China. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：这是一封电子邮件，属于应用文中的书信类文体，时态以一般现在时为主，因为介绍的是中国的礼仪习惯和通用规则；表达祝愿时可用一般将来时 明确要点：需要介绍中国的问候礼仪、拜访朋友家的礼仪、餐桌礼仪，以及在公共场合应注意的其他事项 确定人称：第一人称（I/my）和第二人称（you/your）并用 注意事项：不得出现真实信息，词数不少于70词（开头结尾已给出不计） [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：表达收到来信的高兴心情，引用谚语“When in Rome, do as the Romans do”引出学习中国礼仪的重要性 主体段：介绍问候礼仪（握手，不亲吻不拥抱）、拜访朋友家礼仪（敲门、带小礼物）、餐桌礼仪（正确使用筷子，不插筷子，不发出声音）；介绍公共场合应注意的其他事项（保持安静、排队、不大声喧哗、不乱扔垃圾、礼貌友善） 结尾段：表达祝愿，希望对方在中国旅途愉快 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：关于问候礼仪 问候礼仪：shake hands/Don’t kiss or hug them等 要点二：关于拜访朋友家的礼仪 拜访朋友家的礼仪：knock on the door first/bring small gifts like fruit等 要点三：关于餐桌礼仪 餐桌礼仪：use chopsticks properly/Don’t stick them into the food/don’t make noise while eating等 要点四：关于公共场合的注意事项 公共场合注意事项：keep quiet/wait in line/Don’t speak loudly or litter everywhere/to be modest and friendly等 $2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语期末 单元复习重难清单+强化训练(译林版2024) Unit 5 Good manners 目录 第一部分 单元重难知识清单 核心词汇、重点短语、核心句式、语法要点、写作/阅读词句拓展、写作范文 第二部分 单元综合强化训练 单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解、语法填空、阅读表达、选词填空、完成句子、书面表达 ◇Part 01 单元重难知识清单 1.核心词汇 litter v. 乱扔垃圾 例句：Don’t litter everywhere. 不要到处乱扔垃圾。 respect v. 尊重 例句：We should respect our teachers and elders. 我们应该尊敬师长和长辈。 address v. 称呼；致辞 例句：We address old people politely. 我们礼貌地称呼长辈。 praise v. 表扬；称赞 例句：Teachers often praise hard-working students. 老师经常表扬勤奋的学生。 accept v. 接受 例句：She doesn’t accept praise easily. 她不轻易接受赞美。 behave v. 表现；举止 例句：You must behave well in public. 在公共场所你必须举止得体。 realize v. 意识到 例句：I realize the importance of good manners. 我意识到礼貌的重要性。 invite v. 邀请 例句：He invited me to have dinner. 他邀请我共进晚餐。 refuse v. 拒绝 例句：It’s impolite to refuse others’ kindness rudely. 粗鲁拒绝别人的好意是不礼貌的。 follow v. 遵守；跟随 例句：We must follow traffic rules. 我们必须遵守交通规则。 allow v. 允许 例句：We are not allowed to take photos in the museum. 博物馆内不允许拍照。 share v. 分享 例句：We should share food with friends. 我们应该和朋友分享食物。 patient adj. 耐心的 例句：Be patient when waiting in line. 排队时要有耐心。 polite adj. 礼貌的 例句：He is always polite to everyone. 他对所有人都彬彬有礼。 impolite adj. 不礼貌的 例句：Talking loudly in the library is impolite. 在图书馆大声喧哗是不礼貌的。 modest adj. 谦虚的 例句：Chinese people are very modest. 中国人十分谦虚。 hospitable adj. 好客的 例句：Chinese people are warm and hospitable. 中国人热情好客。 excited adj. 兴奋的 例句：I am excited to learn about different manners. 我很兴奋了解不同的礼仪。 trustworthy adj. 值得信赖的 例句：A trustworthy person always keeps his word. 守信的人总是信守承诺。 poor adj. 贫穷的；可怜的 例句：The old woman lived a poor life. 这位老妇人生活清贫。 honest adj. 诚实的 例句：We should be honest all the time. 我们要一直保持诚实。 thoughtful adj. 体贴的；考虑周到的 例句：She is thoughtful to others. 她待人很体贴。 proper adj. 恰当的；得体的 例句：Learn to behave in a proper way. 学会举止得体。 similar adj. 相似的 例句：The two countries have similar manners. 这两个国家有相似的礼仪。 local adj. 当地的 例句：We should respect local traditions. 我们应当尊重当地传统。 2.核心短语 drop litter 乱扔垃圾 例句：Please don’t drop litter in the park. 请不要在公园里乱扔垃圾。 leave the tap running 让水龙头一直开着 例句：Don’t leave the tap running. 别让水龙头一直流水。 keep quiet 保持安静 例句：Keep quiet in the reading room. 在阅览室保持安静。 pick flowers 摘花 例句：It’s wrong to pick flowers in the park. 在公园摘花是不对的。 follow traffic rules 遵守交通规则 例句：Everyone must follow traffic rules. 人人都要遵守交通规则。 wait in line 排队等候 例句：We should wait in line patiently. 我们应该耐心排队。 show respect for 尊重 例句：We show respect for our teachers. 我们尊敬老师。 leave rubbish 丢弃垃圾 例句：Don’t leave rubbish anywhere. 不要随处丢垃圾。 feel at home 感到宾至如归 例句：My friends make me feel at home. 朋友们让我倍感亲切。 address others 称呼他人 例句：We use nin to address elders. 我们用您称呼长辈。 when it comes to 当涉及到 例句：When it comes to praise, we are modest. 涉及赞美时，我们会保持谦虚。 accept praise 接受赞美 例句：Western people accept praise openly. 西方人坦然接受赞美。 put food on one’s plate 给某人夹菜 例句：Hosts often put food on guests’ plates. 主人常给客人夹菜。 get used to 习惯于 例句：It’s hard to get used to different manners. 适应不同礼仪很难。 do as the Romans do 入乡随俗 例句：We should do as the Romans do abroad. 在国外我们要入乡随俗。 jump the line 插队 例句：It’s rude to jump the line. 插队是粗鲁的行为。 keep one’s voice down 压低声音 例句：Please keep your voice down in public. 在公共场合请小声说话。 hold the door 扶着门 例句：People are kind to hold the door for others. 人们会好心为别人扶门。 push past 挤过去 例句：Don’t push past others in the crowd. 不要在人群中挤来挤去。 keep one’s word 信守承诺 例句：A gentleman always keeps his word. 君子一言，驷马难追。 wake sb up 叫醒某人 例句：They were too polite to wake him up. 他们太有礼貌，不愿叫醒他。 pay a visit to 拜访 例句：They paid a visit to the famous teacher. 他们拜访了这位名师。 play games on the phone 玩手机游戏 例句：Don’t play games on the phone in museums. 不要在博物馆玩手机游戏。 wear earphones 戴耳机 例句：Wear earphones when listening to music in public. 在公共场合听音乐要戴耳机。 leave a tip 给小费 例句：British people usually leave a tip in restaurants. 英国人常在餐厅给小费。 in a hurry 匆忙地 例句：Don’t eat in a hurry at table. 吃饭不要狼吞虎咽。 at the table 在餐桌旁 例句：We have many rules at the table. 餐桌礼仪有很多规矩。 make sure 确保 例句：Follow rules to make sure everyone is comfortable. 遵守规矩确保人人舒适。 cultural differences 文化差异 例句：We should understand cultural differences. 我们要理解文化差异。 local traditions 当地传统 例句：We need to know local traditions. 我们需要了解当地传统。 3.核心句型 Good manners and kindness are always in fashion. 礼貌与善良永远不过时。 It’s very important to show respect for your teachers. 尊敬老师是非常重要的。 You should be kind to your classmates. 你应该善待同学。 You shouldn’t run in the hallways after class. 课后你不应该在走廊奔跑。 Don’t forget to come back to class on time. 别忘了按时回教室。 When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。 They normally use nin to address others in a formal situation. 他们在正式场合通常用“您”称呼别人。 They are too modest to accept praise openly. 他们太过谦虚，不会坦然接受赞美。 It can be hard to get used to all these differences. 适应所有这些差异可能很难。 I realize there are many differences in manners here. 我意识到这里的礼仪有很多差异。 It’s not polite to call people by their names if they’re much older than you. 对比自己年长很多的人直呼其名是不礼貌的。 They behave differently to people in the UK. 他们的举止和英国人不一样。 It is important to know enough information about different manners. 了解足够多不同礼仪的信息很重要。 Stay in each place long enough to get to know the local traditions. 在每个地方停留足够久，了解当地传统。 You are old enough to travel alone. 你年龄足够大，可以独自旅行了。 Don’t talk too loudly in public. 不要在公共场合说话太大声。 They are patient enough to wait in line. 他们有足够的耐心排队等候。 He is too polite to jump the line. 他很有礼貌，不会插队。 The food is too hot for Robert to enjoy. 食物太烫，罗伯特没法享用。 He is trustworthy enough to win others’ praise. 他足够可靠，赢得了众人的称赞。 She is too poor to buy food for herself. 她太贫穷，买不起食物。 It is polite to talk about how tasty the food is. 夸赞食物美味是有礼貌的。 Do not start eating until everyone is ready. 等人都到齐了再开始用餐。 Never speak if you have food in your mouth. 嘴里有食物时绝不要说话。 We should follow rules to make sure guests and hosts are comfortable. 我们要遵守规矩，让宾主都感到自在。 4.语法知识 1. enough 用法 1）形容词/副词 + enough：enough放在形容词、副词后面，表示“足够……” 例：He is old enough to go to school. 他年龄足够大，可以上学了。 2）enough + 名词：enough放在名词前面 例：We have enough time to wait. 我们有足够的时间等待。 2. too 用法 too + 形容词/副词：too放在形容词、副词前面，表示“太……（超出需要）” 例：The box is too heavy. 这个箱子太重了。 3. enough to 结构 be + 形容词 + enough to do sth 足够……可以做某事 例：She is brave enough to share her ideas. 她足够勇敢，敢于分享自己的想法。 4. too...to... 结构 be + too + 形容词 + to do sth 太……而不能做某事 例：He is too shy to join the discussion. 他太害羞，不敢参与讨论。 拓展：too + adj + for sb + to do 对某人来说太……而不能…… 例：The room is too small for us to live in. 这房间太小，我们住不下。 5.阅读/写作必备词句 1.词汇 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 manner 礼仪；礼貌 tradition 传统 culture 文化 public 公共的 dining 用餐的 respect 尊敬 modesty 谦虚 hospitality 好客 behaviour 举止行为 rule 规则 situation 场合；情况 guest 客人 host 主人 politely 礼貌地 quietly 安静地 patiently 耐心地 properly 适当地 openly 坦然地 formally 正式地 daily 日常的 communicate 交流 comfort 舒适 expression 表达 custom 习俗 difference 差异 2.句式 Good manners play an important role in our daily life. 礼貌在我们日常生活中很重要。 It is necessary for us to learn good manners. 学习良好礼仪对我们很有必要。 We should behave well in different public places. 我们在不同公共场所应举止得体。 It’s impolite to speak loudly in the library. 在图书馆大声喧哗是不礼貌的。 We must respect teachers, elders and other people. 我们必须尊敬师长和他人。 We should wait in line instead of jumping the line. 我们应排队，不要插队。 Keeping quiet is a basic good manner. 保持安静是基本的礼貌。 We’d better not litter anywhere in public. 我们最好不在公共场所随地扔垃圾。 Table manners are important in Chinese culture. 餐桌礼仪在中国文化中很重要。 Don’t talk with food in your mouth. 不要嘴里含着食物说话。 We should show thanks to the host after dinner. 饭后我们应该向主人表示感谢。 Different countries have different manners and customs. 不同国家有不同的礼仪习俗。 We need to learn about cultural differences. 我们需要了解文化差异。 When we go abroad, we should do as the Romans do. 出国时我们要学会入乡随俗。 Being modest is a traditional Chinese virtue. 谦虚是中国的传统美德。 We should be honest and polite to everyone around us. 我们要真诚礼貌地对待身边每个人。 It is thoughtful to care about others’ feelings. 体谅他人感受是体贴的表现。 We should follow all kinds of rules in our life. 生活中我们要遵守各类规则。 Good manners can make us get on well with others. 良好礼仪能让我们与人和睦相处。 I hope everyone can keep good manners all the time. 希望每个人都能一直坚守文明礼仪。 6.写作范文 Good manners are very important in our daily life. They help us get on well with others. Firstly, we should respect our teachers and elders all the time. At school, we must follow school rules. We shouldn’t run in hallways or drop litter everywhere. We need to keep quiet in the library and wait in line patiently. Secondly, we should have good table manners. Don’t start eating before everyone is ready. Never talk with food in your mouth and be modest when others praise you. Also, when we go to other countries, we should learn cultural differences and do as the Romans do. Let’s try to behave properly and keep good manners every day. ◇Part 02 单元综合检测试卷 Unit 5 单元综合检测试题 一、单项选择 1．The 2026 Asian Games ________ in Aichi-Nagoya, Japan. We are looking forward to watching the wonderful matches. A．holds B．is held C．will hold D．will be held 2．He isn’t ________ to take part in the competition, so he feels upset. A．enough confident B．confident enough C．too confident D．confident too 3．The little boy felt ________ when his parents left him alone at home for the first time. A．alone B．lonely C．proud D．excited 4．It’s ________ to talk with your mouth full. Everyone should learn good table manners. A．polite B．impolite C．necessary D．important 5．The COVID-19 pandemic has a great ________ on people’s lives all over the world. A．difference B．influence C．decision D．progress 6．It’s never ________ to ________ new knowledge of the world. A．late enough; take off B．enough late; try out C．so late; try on D．too late; take up 7．She spoke clearly ________ for everyone to understand. A．enough B．too C．so D．such 8．I ________ feel tired after work. But now I gradually ________ it. A．get used to; used to B．used to; used to C．used to; get used to D．get used to; be used to 9．—I finally finished that difficult project. I feel on cloud nine. —________ You’ve worked so hard on it. A．Like what? B．Congratulations! C．What else? D．I see. 10．—You look so sad. What happened? —Everyone ________ us to win the game, but we lost. A．asked B．ordered C．expected D．hoped 11．—Both the food and the ________ are truly excellent here. —No wonder so many people come here to eat. A．promise B．tip C．award D．service 12．After years of training and practice, she became ________ to compete with each player and win honor for her country. A．strong enough B．enough strong C．too strong D．too weak 13．—Excuse me, your car is ________. Can you remove it? —I’m so sorry. I will move it away immediately. A．by the way B．on my way C．in my way D．off the way 14．—We are going to go bungee jumping next Saturday. Would you like to come along? —Wow! That would be exciting ________ challenging. I’m in! A．as good as B．as long as C．as far as D．as well as 15．Clever tourists can always know how to ________ themselves by following local people. A．behave B．develop C．treat D．support 16．The people are very nice and they always show respect ________ our feelings. A．in B．for C．of D．with 17．—I’m sorry for being late. The traffic was too heavy. —________. Come in and take a seat. A． It’s my pleasure B．Never mind C．That’s right D．With pleasure 18．________ you keep practicing speaking English every day, your spoken English will get better soon. A．If B．Unless C．Because D．Though 19．Keep quiet. Don’t make any ________ in the library. A．sound B．voice C．noise D．shout 20．—I wonder ________ to the beach for the holiday. —Why not take the high-speed train? It’s fast and comfortable. A．how will we go B．how we will go C．when will we go D．when we will go 二、完形填空 I always thought communication was mostly about words. But a trip to Japan last summer totally changed my 21 . During my stay, I joined a cultural exchange programme. My host family was warm and welcoming, but my Japanese was very limited. When we first met, the grandmother, Yuki-san, came into the living room and gave me a slow, deep 22 . I wasn’t sure what to do, so I quickly bowed back. She smiled and nodded, and somehow, without a single word, I felt completely 23 . The next day, I visited a local market with my host sister, Hana. I pointed at a beautiful ceramic bowl and raised my eyebrows 24 , hoping she would understand I was asking about the price. She caught on immediately and held up five fingers. I grinned and nodded—we had 25 perfectly, without saying a word. However, not every moment was so smooth. At dinner one night, I leaned back in my chair and stretched my arms wide—a habit I had when I felt relaxed. Hana looked slightly 26 . Later, she explained that such gestures could seem rude at the dinner table in Japanese culture. I felt my face turn red with 27 . That experience made me realize something important. Body language is not 28 across cultures. A thumbs-up might mean “great” in one country but could cause 29 in another. Even a simple smile can carry very different meanings depending on the situation. By the end of my trip, I had learned to 30 the unspoken signals around me more carefully. Real communication, I discovered, is not just about the words you speak—it is also about what your body says without making a sound. 21．A．decision B．habit C．mind D．schedule 22．A．wave B．bow C．handshake D．nod 23．A．ignored B．nervous C．welcome D．confused 24．A．angrily B．repeatedly C．questioningly D．carelessly 25．A．argued B．communicated C．competed D．disagreed 26．A．uncomfortable B．excited C．amused D．relaxed 27．A．pride B．embarrassment C．relief D．confidence 28．A．universal B．necessary C．understandable D．popular 29．A．pleasure B．trouble C．interest D．silence 30．A．give up on B．pay attention to C．turn away from D．catch up with 三、阅读理解 A 31．What time do Western people usually have dinner? A．About midday. B．At 5 p.m. in the afternoon. C．Around 7 p.m. or even later. D．Before 7 p.m. in the afternoon. 32．What will a host probably say to a guest at the start of a meal in the West? A．“Can I help you?” B．“Eat slowly!” C．“Help yourself!” D．“Could you serve me?” 33．When might people want to say, “I’m sorry, I can’t eat this.”? A．If they are full. B．If they are tired. C．If the hosts keep offering a lot of food to them. D．If the hosts give them something they don’t like. B Belarus (白俄罗斯) is known for its many unique customs. Belarusians are also famous for their wonderful traditions and habits. They’re kind, with special ways to talk, meet, and treat guests. Let’s learn about them together! Belarusians are open, warm, and honest. They often say “please” and “thank you”. They use “you” in different ways. Young people call each other by first names, but grown-ups use first names and father’s names. When meeting, they shake hands, hug, or kiss. Old people kiss kids’ foreheads (前额). Friends kiss each other’s cheeks. Men may kiss ladies’ hands to show respect. If you don’t know a lady well, don’t shake hands unexpectedly. Just say she looks young and nice. To welcome guests, Belarusians give them bread and salt. Guests should bow, pretend to kiss the bread, take a small piece of it, then put salt on it, eat it, and say “thank you”. When you visit Belarusians, bring odd-numbered flowers (3, 5, 7 …) for the hostess. Even numbers (偶数) are for people who have died. Belarusians laugh loudly to express happiness. A small smile may mean they look down on someone. This is very different from the meaning of our “polite smile”. Their main food is bread, and they love meat, potatoes, and different kinds of soups. Potatoes are so important that over 100 dishes can be made with them! They also enjoy sour cream, cheese, and yogurt. When eating soup, they never make noise. 34．How do young Belarusians usually call each other? A．By their full names. B．By their father’s names. C．By their first names. D．By their family names. 35．How do Belarusian men show respect to women? A．By shaking hands hard with a warm smile. B．By kissing ladies’ hands in a polite manner. C．By hugging ladies closely with both arms. D．By bowing deeply and avoiding eye contact. 36．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Smiling is always a sign of friendliness. B．Only close friends can exchange smiles. C．Belarusians seldom smile in daily life. D．A small smile might mean no respect. 37．What’s the structure of the text? (①=Paragraph 1, …) A．①|②③④⑤⑥ B．①|②③④⑤|⑥ C．①②|③④⑤|⑥ D．①②③④⑤|⑥ C Table manners are very important in different cultures, as they can show your politeness and respect for others. In Britain, people use knives and forks to eat most food. They hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left hand, cutting food into small pieces before eating. They shouldn’t put their elbows on the table during the meal, as it’s considered impolite. It’s also polite to wait for the host to start eating first, and to say “thank you” to the host after the meal. When eating soup, they use a spoon and scoop the soup away from themselves. In China, people use chopsticks to eat. It’s rude to point at others with chopsticks, tap the bowl with chopsticks, or stick chopsticks upright in the rice. Also, we shouldn’t stand up to take food from far away, instead, we can ask others to pass it to us. Using serving chopsticks to take food from shared dishes is a good habit, especially in public occasions, as it’s more hygienic. We should wait for the elders to start eating before we begin, and it’s polite to offer food to elders. In France, people often eat slowly and enjoy their food, as meal time is a time for family and friends to communicate. They shouldn’t talk with food in their mouths or make noise while eating. It’s polite to thank the host for the meal and praise the food sincerely. In Germany, people pay attention to punctuality for meals, and they usually don’t waste food. They also use knives and forks, and it’s rude to put your hands under the table. 38．What do British people use to eat? A．Chopsticks. B．Hands. C．Spoons and forks. D．Knives and forks. 39．Which is rude in China according to the passage? A．Using serving chopsticks. B．Waiting for elders to eat first. C．Pointing at others with chopsticks. D．Eating with chopsticks. 40．What should people in France NOT do during the meal? A．Eat slowly. B．Talk with food in mouths. C．Thank the host. D．Make loud noise. 41．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Different table manners in different countries. B．How to use chopsticks in China. C．How to greet others in Britain. D．Differences of dining customs in countries. D If someone invites you to a party, what will you do? Accept it happily or refuse it politely? In our daily life, we often receive different invitations. Knowing how to accept or refuse invitations properly is an important social skill. When you get an invitation, first you should show your thanks, no matter you will go or not. If you decide to accept the invitation, you need to reply clearly. You can say “Thank you for inviting me! I’d love to come.” And you’d better ask about the exact time and place of the party to avoid being late. Before going to the party, it’s polite to prepare a small gift, such as flowers or snacks. When you arrive, greet the host warmly. During the party, don’t leave too early. Enjoy the time with other guests. Sometimes you may be too busy or have other plans, so you have to turn down an invitation. Remember to refuse politely and explain the reason briefly. Never refuse others’ invitations rudely. There are different ways to refuse. If you have to study for an exam, you can say “I’m sorry I can’t go. I have to prepare for my English test tonight.” If you are ill, you can tell the truth directly. You can also show your regret and hope to join next time. For example, “What a pity! I have to look after my little sister. I hope I can come next time.” Besides, you should pay attention to different situations. For family members and close friends, you can speak more freely. For teachers or strangers, your words should be more polite and formal. In a word, good manners will help you get on well with people around you. Practice these skills, and you will become a popular person in social situations. 42．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to hold a wonderful party. B．How to accept or refuse invitations properly. C．Different kinds of parties in daily life. D．How to make friends at parties. 43．What should you do first when you get an invitation? A．Buy a gift at once. B．Show your thanks. C．Ask for the address. D．Refuse it directly. 44．Which is a polite way to refuse an invitation? A．I don’t want to go. B．No, I’m busy. C．Sorry, I have to look after my sister. D．It’s boring, so I won’t go. 45．Why do people refuse invitations according to the passage? ① Have to study      ② Be ill       ③ Need to look after family members      ④ Dislike the host A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 46．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Parties are not important for us. B．Good manners help us get along with others. C．We should never refuse others’ invitations. D．We can speak casually to teachers. E 阅读以下内容，从其后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，有两项是多余的。 Gift giving traditions are greatly different from one country to another. 47 Let’s take a look at the special gifting traditions from around the world. 48 Many Americans think practical gifts like this are useful and thoughtful. However, in certain European countries like Germany, people believe that a knife presented as a gift will cut off your friendship. In Indian culture, left hands are thought to be unclean. 49 This tradition comes from long-held cultural thoughts about cleanliness and respect. In Indian culture, an odd number (奇数) of things or money stands for good luck. Indians often choose odd numbers for gifts to send good wishes. 50 In Zimbabwe, it is common to directly ask for a gift. When you receive a gift without asking for it, even if the giver’s family is poor, it’s the worst way to refuse the offering. 51 These may include jumping up and down, dancing or cheering. A．For example, £11 should be given instead of £10. B．So behaviours such as touching and giving gifts are to be done with right hands. C．You’d better give a much more expensive gift in return. D．In the US, a set of kitchen knives seems a perfect gift idea. E．For example, you can give them two bottles of wine as a present. F．Also, expressing thanks with actions is better than just saying “thanks”. G．A behaviour that shows respect in one place might be impolite somewhere else. 四、选词填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词仅限用一次，每空限填一个单词。） power, common, culture, they, avoid, interest, well, example, mean, wise In different places around the world, the same animal may stand for (代表) quite different meanings. Are you 52 in learning about these differences? Here are two typical 53 . In almost all English-speaking countries, the lion is 54 seen as “the king of all beasts”. It is always connected with those people who are brave, 55 and strong. British people even use the lion as the symbol of 56 nation. However, the tiger is “the king of all beasts” in the eyes of Chinese people. So, the tiger in China carries the 57 meanings of bravery, power and strength. As one of the most mysterious (神秘的) birds, the owl normally stands for wisdom in Western countries. For example, they often use “as 58 as an owl” in their texts and daily conversations. But hearing the sound of an owl 59 that bad things may happen soon in China. Animals have important symbolic meanings in different cultures. Learning about these differences can help us 60 some misunderstanding. They can also help us understand the local culture much 61 . 五、短文填空 We interviewed June Galloway about 62 (she) new book Get Off on the Right Foot: Don’t Let the Wrong Gesture Ruin Your Day. ★ In your book, communicating with gestures 63 (pay) much attention to. Why is it so important? June: Well, gestures and other body language have different meanings in different places. What you consider friendly can be thought 64 (polite) in another culture. I’ve described many of such cultural differences in my book. 65 my readers meet people from different cultures, they won’t get off on the wrong foot. ★ Can someone 66 (serious) misunderstand others because of a wrong greeting? June: In some places, yes. The heavy handshake that a North American expects may seem rude in other places. And a light handshake—which is usual in some countries—seems unfriendly 67 a North American. ★ What other gestures can cause misunderstanding? June: Take 68 gesture “come here” for example. In North America, people gesture with the palm up. But in Southern Europe, that gesture means goodbye. And in many Asian countries, the palm-up gesture is rude, which 69 (show) no respect to others. In fact, people there gesture with the palm down. ★ I believe there are common 70 (gesture) used everywhere, right? Like the thumbs-up gesture for “great”? June: Sorry. That’s very rude in Australia and the Middle East. That is why it’s important 71 (know) about body language and cultural differences. 六、完成句子 72．一开始要适应这些差异可能会有些困难。 It can be hard at first to ________ ________ ________ all these differences. 73．在公共场所，人们会体贴地保持安静。 In public places, people are ________ ________ to ________ ________. 74．中国人喜欢围坐成一圈吃饭。 Chinese people like to ______ ______ ______ ______ when eating. 75．我们必须遵守博物馆规则。 We must ______ the ______ ______. 76．食物太烫了，现在不能吃。 The food is ________ ________ ________ eat now. 77．请排队等候上车。 Please ________ ________ ________ to get on the bus. 78．我们必须学会如何在不同的场合表现得体。 We must learn ________ ________ ________ properly in different situations. 79．这个孩子已经足够大了，可以自己穿衣服了。 The child is ________ ________ ________ ________ himself. 80．入乡随俗。我们应该遵守当地的习俗。 When in Rome, ________ ________ the Romans do. We should follow the local customs. 81．我的中国朋友足够友好，让我感到宾至如归。   My Chinese friends are kind ________ ________ make me feel at home. 七、书面表达 82．假如你是Li Hua，你的英国笔友Mike计划暑假来中国旅游，他对中国文化很感兴趣，但他担心因为不了解礼仪而失礼。请你根据以下要点给他写一封邮件，向他介绍一些重要的中国礼仪。 写作要点： 1. Advice on greetings, visiting a friend’s home and table manners in China; 2. What else should Mike pay attention to? (e.g. In public places...) 写作要求： 1．短文必须包括所给要点，可适当发挥； 2．语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整； 3．文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名）； 4．词数：不少于70词。（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。 Dear Mike, I’m happy to hear that you will come to China this summer. As we know, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”. It’s important for you to learn some Chinese customs before coming. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I hope you will have a great trip in China. Yours, Li Hua $