专题04 Units 7～8（期末复习讲义）八年级英语下学期新教材人教版

专题04 Units 7~8（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握描述书籍与文学的形容词及核心辨析。 2.后缀-al、-ish、-y、-ful、-ous、-ive 3.掌握描述社会问题与人格品质的形容词（重点辨析与用法） 4.掌握现在完成时 复习难点： 1.现在完成时与一般过去时的混淆。 2. have/has been to 与 have/has gone to 的区分 考情规律 词汇运用： 1.侧重现在完成时的标志性副词（already, yet, just, ever, never） 在具体语境中的选择，以及动词与介词/副词的固定搭配（如 belong to, refer to, remind sb. of sth., be worth doing 等）。 2.侧重现在完成时持续用法的标志词（for / since） 在具体语境中的选择，以及动词短语（volunteer to do, provide sth. for sb., hand out, carry out 等） 的固定搭配。 句型转换/翻译： 1.常涉及现在完成时与一般过去时的同义转换、have/has been to 与 have/has gone to 的辨析转换、already 与 yet 的句型转换，以及疑问代词 + 动词不定式的运用。 2.常涉及How long 引导的特殊疑问句及回答、for 与 since 的句型转换、非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换，以及现在完成时与一般过去时的互辨转换。 Unit 7 A Good Read 1、 掌握描述书籍与文学的形容词及核心辨析 1. 描述书籍类型的形容词 形容词 中文释义 派生规律 示例短语 historical 历史的；有关历史的 history→ historical historical novel 历史小说 literary 文学的；文学上的 literature→ literary literary value 文学价值 scientific 科学的 science→ scientific science fiction 科幻小说 classic 经典的 — classic literature 经典文学 modern 现代的 — modern novel 现代小说 American 美国的；美洲的 America→ American American literature 美国文学 basic 基本的；初步的 base→ basic basic knowledge 基础知识 构词规律提示：本单元集中呈现了形容词后缀的构成规律，包括 -al（historical、literary）、-ish（selfish）、-y（naughty）、-ful（helpful）、-ous（dangerous）、-ive（attractive）等。复习时可结合教材Section B的词汇版块，引导学生系统梳理形容词后缀的构词规律，夯实词形判断与运用的基本功。 2.描述人物性格与角色特质的形容词（重点辨析） 本单元在讨论文学作品人物时，出现了多组成对的褒义与贬义形容词，是词汇辨析的重要考点： 褒义（积极） 中文 贬义（消极） 中文 gentle 温柔的 naughty 淘气的 brave 勇敢的 selfish 自私的 polite 有礼貌的 rude 粗鲁的 wise 智慧的 weak 意志薄弱的（拓展） kind 善良的 cruel 残忍的（拓展） 重点辨析： selfish / selfless / spoiled 形容词 中文释义 辨析要点 selfish 自私的 只顾自己，不顾他人，含贬义 selfless 无私的 只顾他人，不顾自己，含褒义（拓展词汇） spoiled / spoilt 宠坏的；娇惯坏的 因被过度溺爱而形成的任性性格 【典型例句】 Scrooge in A Christmas Carol is very selfish and only cares about money. gentle / weak / lost 的辨析 形容词 中文释义 辨析要点 gentle 温柔的 形容人的性格，温和有礼 weak 虚弱的；（能力）弱的 既形容身体健康状况，也形容意志、能力等 lost 迷路的；丢失的；失去的 形容找不到路的状态或精神层面的迷失 【典型例句】 The old man was weak from hunger, but his spirit was never broken.（老人因饥饿而虚弱，但精神从未被打败。） 掌握重点词汇及短语 4.1 核心重点单词（名词类） 单词 中文释义 adventure 冒险；冒险经历 fantasy 幻想；幻想作品 mystery 悬疑小说；神秘事物 fiction 小说 science fiction 科幻小说 detective 侦探 alien 外星人 society 社会；社团 recommendation 推荐；提议 recommend（v.推荐）→ recommendation introduction 介绍；序言 introduce（v.介绍）→ introduction summary 总结；概要 sum（总结）→ summary climax 高潮；极点 — effect 影响；结果 affect（v.影响）→ effect（n.影响） idiom 习语；成语 — build-up 准备期；准备过程 — librarian 图书管理员 library（图书馆）→ librarian（管理员） reader 读者 read（阅读）→ reader bone 骨头 — enemy 敌人 — 4.2 核心重点单词（动词类） 动词 过去式 过去分词 中文 重要搭配 steal stole stolen 偷；窃取 steal sth. from sb. recommend recommended recommended 推荐；建议 recommend sth. to sb. prove proved proved/proven 证明；证实 prove (to be) + adj. punish punished punished 惩罚；处罚 punish sb. for sth. unlock unlocked unlocked 开锁；发现；揭开 — destroy destroyed destroyed 破坏；摧毁 — consider considered considered 认为；仔细考虑 consider doing sth. force forced forced 强迫；迫使 force sb. to do sth. 4.3 核心重点单词（形容词/副词类） 单词 中文释义 派生关系 historical 历史的 history（n.历史）→ historical literary 文学的 literature（n.文学）→ literary selfish 自私的 self（n.自我）+ -ish → selfish spoiled / spoilt 宠坏的 spoil（v.宠坏）→ spoiled hidden 隐藏的；秘密的 hide（v.躲藏）→ hidden naughty 淘气的 — gentle 温柔的 — weak 虚弱的 — basic 基本的 base（n.基础）→ basic recently 最近 recent（adj.最近的）+ -ly therefore 因此；所以 — secretly 秘密地 secret（adj.秘密的）+ -ly lost 迷路的；丢失的 lose（v.丢失）→ lost 4.4 单元核心短语梳理（填空与汉译英高频考点） 短语 中文释义 记忆提示 a good read 好的读物；好书 单元标题短语 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 plan后接不定式 choose...for... 为……选择…… — science fiction 科幻小说(或影片等) — get lost 迷路 get + lost 表状态的改变 hear of 听说；得知 辨析hear from（收到……来信） base...on... 以……为基础；以……为根据 be based on 基于 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 — lose one‘s way 迷路 相当于get lost lose heart 灰心；丧失信心 — lose one‘s temper 发脾气 — lose touch with 与……失去联系 — get to one‘s feet 站起身来 常用表达 day by day 一天天；逐日 day after day（日复一日） in time 来得及；及时 on time（准时） no one has seen...for... 已经有……没人见过…… 常用否定句型 4.5 一词多义重点提示 单词 词性1 词性2 例句展示 read v.阅读 n.读物 I like to read every night. / This book is a good read. book n.书 v.预订 a good book / to book a ticket page n.页 v.呼叫 turn to page 20 / Please page the doctor. state n.状态；国家 v.陈述 state of emergency / state your opinion force n.武力 v.强迫 use force / force sb. to do base n.基础；根据地 v.把……设在；基于 military base / base on fact 二、重点单词讲解 知识点1 A young boy is forced to steal things. In the end, the bad people are punished,and the boy has a better life.一个小男孩被迫偷东西。最后，坏人受到了惩罚，男孩过上了更好的生活。 【详解】 1. force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 例句：The robber forced the clerk to open the safe. 2. force sb. into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事（较正式） 例句：They forced him into signing the contract. 3. force + 名词 —— 强行（做某事） 常见搭配： force the door 强行开门 force a smile 强颜欢笑 force one's way 强行前进 — The heavy rain ________ us to put off the sports meeting. A．made B．let C．forced D．had 知识点2 It's a fantasy about a girl whogets lost in a magical world.这是一部奇幻经典，讲述了一个女孩迷失在魔法世界的故事。 — What do you think of the book The Old Man and the Sea? — It’s a ________ and I have read it three times. A．classic B．classical C．classroom D．class 知识点3 I've always preferred the book to the movie.比起电影，我一直更喜欢原著。 — Which do you ________, tea or coffee? — Tea, please. I think tea is healthier. A．prefer B．like C．enjoy D．love 知识点4 Have you decided on a book for your report?你决定好你的报告要选哪本书了吗？ -Yes,I have./ No,I haven't.——是的，决定了。/ 不，还没决定。 decide的名词形式为decision，make a decision意为“做决定”， decide to do sth.＝make a decision to do sth.＝make up one’s mind to do sth.意为“决定做某事”。 — I can’t ________ which book to borrow from the library. — Why not ask the librarian for help? A．choose B．decide C．suggest D．discuss 知识点5 Could you recommend one?你能推荐一本吗？ 【详解】1. recommend + 名词 :推荐某物/某人 例：I highly recommend this book.我强烈推荐这本书。 2. recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物 例：I recommended this novel to all my friends.我向所有朋友推荐了这本小说。 3. recommend doing sth. 建议做某事 例：I recommend reading this book before watching the movie.我建议在看电影之前先读这本书。 4. recommend that + 从句（常用虚拟语气） 建议… 例：I recommend that you (should) see a doctor.我建议你去看医生。 — Could you ________ a good novel to me? — Sure. Have you read The Little Prince? A．recommend B．remind C．remember D．repeat 知识点6 Have you chosen a book for your book report yet?你为你的读书报告选好书了吗？ 如： ①Many students choose to get further education at home instead of going abroad. 许多学生选择在国内接受进一步教育，而不是出国。 ②He had no choice but to depend on himself at that moment.当时他别无选择，只能依靠自己。 — You can ________ any book you like from the shelf. — Thank you. I’ll take this one. A．believe B．choose C．build D．behave 知识点7 It belonged to her uncle's wife.它属于她叔叔的妻子。 belong to表示“属于;是..的成员”,后面接名词或代词宾格作宾语,不可用于被动语态和进行时态。“belong to+人”相当于“be+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”。 That pen belongs to Tom.= That pen is Tom's. 那支钢笔是汤姆的。 【注意】 belong不与to连用时,后面通常跟的是副词或其他介词短语， 表示“应当在(某处),适合在(某处)”。 That table belongs in the other room.那张桌子是另外那个房间的。 I refuse to go abroad. I belong here.我不到外国去,我是这里的人。 — Whose schoolbag is this? — It ________ Tom. Look, his name is on it. A．belongs to B．is belonging to C．belongs with D．is belonged to 知识点8 No one has seen it for ten years.十年来没人见过它。 【辨析】 since 与for since 后常接时间点或一般过去时的句子，该时间状语通常为现在 完成时的标志 for 后常接时间段，用来说明动作或状态持续的时间,“for十时间 段”也通常为现在完成时的标志 I have got a headache since last night.我从昨晚开始就一直头痛。 We haven't seen him for two years.我们已经两年没见到他了。 — How long have you been a volunteer? — ________ two years ago. A．For B．Since C．Before D．After 知识点9 When it unlocks a half-hidden door,she discovers the secret garden inside!当它打开一扇半隐藏的门时，她发现了里面的秘密花园！ 辨析discover， invent与create 词汇 意义及用法 discover 意为“发现”，指发现本来已经存在，但人们还不知道的事物、真理或情况。 invent 意为“发明”，指通过研究和实验制作的具有全新功能的器物等。 create 意为“创作；创造”，指创造出原本不存在的东西，如艺术、理论、美食等。 如：①Only later did she discover a talent for writing. 她后来才发现自己的写作天分。 ②Who invented the telephone？ 谁发明了电话机？ ③Scientists disagree about how the universe was created.科学家对宇宙是怎样形成的意见不一。 — Who ________ America? — Columbus did. A．invented B．discovered C．found D．looked for 知识点10 The fresh air and beautiful garden are good for him,and he proves that he is not ill when he gets to his feet for the first time in years.新鲜的空气和美丽的花园对他有益，他证明了自己并没有生病——多年来第一次站了起来。 【详解1】 短语 意义及用法 be good at “擅长……”，be good at sth./doing sth.＝do well in sth./doing sth.“擅长某事/做某事”。其反义词组为be weak in sth./be poor at （sth./doing sth.）在某方面/做某事方面差/弱。 be good with “与……相处融洽；善于应付……的”，与get on/along well with同义，后常接表示人的名词或代词。 be good for “对……有好处”，其反义词组为be bad for。 be good to “对……友好”，相当于be friendly/kind to，后接名词或代词。 如： ①He’s good at dealing with pressure. 他善于应对压力。 ②I’m good with my classmates. 我与我的同学关系融洽。 ③It’s probably good for you to make some mistakes. 犯些错误或许对你有好处。 ④He is very good to me. 他对我非常友好。 【详解2】prove + 名词：证明某事物 prove + that从句：证明…（最常用） prove sth. to sb.：向某人证明某事 prove + 宾语 + to be + 名词/形容词：证明某人/某物是… prove (to be) + 形容词/名词（系动词）：结果是、证明是 1.— Eating more vegetables ________ your health, as many studies have ________. — I agree. I’ll eat more. A．is good for; proved B．are good at; proven C．is good at; proved D．are good for; proven 2.— I passed the driving test! — What a ________! You only practiced for three days. A．surprise B．surprising C．surprised D．surprisingly 知识点11To his great surprise, he sees Colin walking and running,and he discovers that the secret garden has become as alive and beautiful as it ever was.令他大为惊讶的是，他看见柯林在走路和奔跑，并且发现秘密花园已经变得像从前一样生机勃勃、美丽动人。 【详解1】surprise的用法 surprise还可作动词，意为“（使）惊讶/吃惊”，其形容词为surprising和surprised。具体用法如下： ①surprising“令人惊讶的”，主语为物，如：His idea is surprising. 他的想法很让人惊讶。 ②surprised“感到意外的”，主语是人，常用结构：sb. be surprised to do sth. 某人对做某事感到意外；be surprised at/by sth./sb. 对某事/某人感到很意外。 如： I was surprised at how quickly she agreed. 我没想到她这么快就同意了。 She looked surprised when I told her. 我告诉她时她显得很惊讶。 【详解2】 as......as ①as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as，如：He runs as fast as Lucy. 他和露西跑得一样快。 ②not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as，如：He doesn’t run as/so fast as Lucy. 他没有露西跑得快。 ③倍数＋as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as，如：This room is twice as large as that one. 这间屋子是那间屋子的两倍大。 1.— The news ________ everyone at the meeting. They all looked shocked. — I can’t believe it either. A．surprised B．was surprised C．surprising D．was surprising 2.— After hearing that he won the first prize, ________, he jumped up with excitement. — That’s a natural reaction. A．to his sadness B．to his joy C．to his surprise D．to his relief 知识点12 The garden reminds Mary's uncle of his dead wife.这座花园让玛丽的叔叔想起他已故的妻子。 【用法详解】remind作及物动词，意为“使想起；提醒” 重点： 使某人想起某事 提醒某人做某事 Eg.The movie reminds me of my childhood.这部电影使我想起了我的童年。 Please remind me to call my mother.请提醒我给我妈妈打电话。 — Please ________ me to call my mother after work. — OK, no problem. A．remember B．remind C．repeat D．refuse 知识点13 Many people consider journey to the West to be one of the greatest Chinese classic novels of all time.许多人认为《西游记》是有史以来最伟大的中国古典小说之一。 常用结构 例句 consider＋n./pron./doing sth.＝think about...“考虑……” You’d better consider my advice.你最好考虑一下我的建议。 Why not consider going swimming to relax yourself？ 为什么不考虑去游泳放松一下呢？ consider＋从句/“疑问词＋不定式”结构“考虑……” I’m considering where to spend my holiday. 我正在考虑去哪里度假。 consider ＋sb./sth.＋（as）＋名词“把……视为……” The old man considers the kind man as his son. 老人把这个善良的男人看作自己的儿子。 consider sb. （to be）... “认为某人是……” They considered him to be clever. 他们认为他很聪明。 one of后接形容词最高级及名词复数，意为“最……之一”。 Chang jiang river is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。 【拓展】 ①one of the +复数名词+定语从句中，定语从句中的谓语动词跟定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词保持一致，通常用复数。 This is one of the books that are required for study at school. 这是学校里要求学生学习的书籍之一。 ②如果one of the +复数名词的前面有the only之类的限定语，后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式。 He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.他是我校教师中唯一懂得法语的人。 — Have you ________ going abroad for further study? — Yes, I’m thinking about it. A．considered B．decided C．suggested D．finished 知识点14 Together,they achieve their final goal and prove themselves to be a good team.他们齐心协力，最终达成了目标，并证明了自己是一个优秀的团队。 词汇 意义及用法 例句 achieve 意为“（通过努力）达到；完成；实现”，其主语一般为人。 Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims. 要达到这些目标需要齐心协力。 realize 意为“实现；将……变为现实”，主语为人，后常接愿望、梦想等。也可表示“理解；意识到”。 We try to help all students realize their dreams. 我们试图帮助所有的学生实现梦想。 come true 意为“实现”，其主语一般为希望、愿望等，且不能用于被动语态。 After years of hard work， his dream came true at last. 多年的努力之后，他的梦想最终实现了。 — If you work hard, you will ________ your dream. — I will try my best. A．come true B．realize C．achieve D．make Unit 8 Making a Difference 1、 掌握描述社会问题与人格品质的形容词（重点辨析与用法） 1.描述社会问题的形容词 形容词 中文释义 常见搭配 例句 homeless 无家可归的 homeless people Many homeless people need our help. hungry 饥饿的 feed the hungry（名词化用法） We should help the hungry. sick/ill 生病的 help the sick（名词化用法） Volunteers visit the sick in hospitals. lonely 孤独的 feel lonely The old man felt lonely after his wife passed away. elderly 年长的；上了年纪的 the elderly We often visit the elderly in the nursing home. disabled 残疾的；有缺陷的 disabled children The center provides support for disabled people. poor 贫穷的 poor areas Many children in poor areas don‘t have enough textbooks. rich 富裕的 rich areas There is a big gap between rich and poor. 重要提示：在英语表达中，形容词前面加上定冠词 the 可用来表示一类人，如 the hungry（饥饿的人们）、the sick（生病的人们）、the elderly（老年人）。学生在写作和口语中应掌握这一名词化用法，使表达更加地道、简洁。 2.描述人格品质的形容词（志愿服务主题核心词汇） （1）褒义/积极品质形容词 形容词 中文释义 用法提示 例句 helpful 乐于助人的 直接描述人的品质 She is always helpful to others in need. caring 有爱心的；关心他人的 a caring person A caring person never hesitates to help. hopeful 充满希望的；怀有希望的 feel hopeful Volunteering makes me feel hopeful about the future. proud 自豪的；骄傲的 be proud of sth. I am proud of what our team has achieved. satisfied 满意的；满足的 feel satisfied Helping others makes me feel satisfied. meaningful 有意义的 meaningful work Volunteer work is a meaningful experience. important 重要的 an important job Every small action plays an important role. kind 善良的 show kindness to others Kind people always think about others first. （2）否定前缀形容词的灵活运用 形容词 否定形式 否定前缀 语境用法 possible impossible im- 描述任务、目标的可行性 necessary unnecessary un- 描述行为、措施的必要性 掌握重点词汇及短语 4.1 核心重点单词（名词类） 单词 中文释义 搭配与拓展 difference 不同；影响；改变 make a difference 带来改变 volunteer 志愿者；志愿做 volunteer work 志愿工作 community 社区 community service 社区服务 organization 组织；机构 non-profit organization 非营利组织 project 项目；工程 a volunteer project 志愿者项目 event 活动；事件 organize an event 组织活动 charity 慈善；慈善机构 work for a charity 为慈善机构工作 team 团队 work as a team 团队合作 environment 环境 protect the environment 保护环境 pollution 污染 reduce pollution 减少污染 activity 活动 organize an activity 组织活动 need 需要（n./v.） in need 贫困的；需要帮助的 4.2 核心重点单词（动词类） 动词 过去式 过去分词 中文 重要搭配 volunteer volunteered volunteered 志愿做 volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 donate donated donated 捐赠 donate sth. to sb. 向……捐赠 collect collected collected 收集 collect rubbish/waste 收集垃圾 recycle recycled recycled 回收 recycle paper/plastic 回收纸张/塑料 protect protected protected 保护 protect animals/environment 保护 support supported supported 支持 support a charity 支持慈善机构 raise raised raised 筹集；募捐 raise money for... 为……筹款 save saved saved 节省；拯救 save energy 节约能源 join joined joined 加入 join a club 加入俱乐部 4.3 核心重点单词（形容词类） 形容词 中文释义 搭配 homeless 无家可归的 homeless people hungry 饥饿的 feed the hungry（名词化） lonely 孤独的 feel lonely helpful 乐于助人的 be helpful to sb. caring 有爱心的 a caring person hopeful 充满希望的 feel hopeful meaningful 有意义的 meaningful work proud 自豪的 be proud of satisfied 满意的 feel satisfied with possible 可能的 make it possible necessary 必要的 It’s necessary to... 4.4 单元核心短语梳理（填空与汉译英高频考点） 短语 中文释义 例句 make a difference 产生影响；带来改变 Small actions can make a big difference. raise money for 为……筹款 They raised money for the homeless shelter. clean up 清理；打扫干净 Let’s clean up the park this weekend. cheer up 使振作；使高兴 We visited the hospital to cheer up the sick kids. visit the old people’s home 探望养老院 Our class visits the old people’s home every month. in need 贫困的；需要帮助的 Help those in need. Protect the environment 保护环境 Everyone should protect the environment. reduce pollution 减少污染 We need to reduce pollution in our city. volunteer work 志愿工作 I have done volunteer work for two years. community service 社区服务 Community service helps make our neighborhood better. work as a team 团队合作 We worked as a team to finish the project. 4.5 一词多义重点提示 单词 词性1 词性2 例句展示 need n. 需要；需求 v. 需要 children in need / they need help help n. 帮助 v. 帮助 Your help is needed! / Let’s help others. raise v. 筹款 v. 举起；提高 raise money / raise your hand save v. 拯救；节省 v. 储蓄；保留 save the earth / save money plant v. 种植 n. 植物 plant trees / water the plant 二、重点单词讲解 知识点1 Excuse me, are you a volunteer here?打扰一下，你是这里的志愿者吗？ 【用法详解】volunteer此处用作动词，意为“义务做；自愿做”，后常跟介词for。 常用结构： 自愿做某事 Eg.We volunteer for the work in the club. 我们自愿在俱乐部里做这项工作。 He always volunteered to do the most dangerous work. 他总是自愿做最危险的工作。 【拓展延伸】volunteer还可用作名词，意为“志愿者”。 Eg.I’d like to be a volunteer for the Olympics. 我想成为一名奥运会志愿者。 — Many students ________ to help clean up the city park last Sunday. A．volunteered B．provided C．offered D．gave 知识点2 I guide visitors through the museum and provide information about the artworks. 我引导游客参观博物馆，并提供有关艺术品的信息。 词汇 意义 常用结构 provide “提供；供应” provide sb. with sth. ＝provide sth. for sb. give “给予” give sb. sth. ＝give sth. to sb. offer “主动提出；自愿给予” offer sb. sth. ＝offer sth. to sb. — The local government ________ free meals for the elderly in need. A．provides B．offers C．gives D．supports 知识点3 I've picked up three bags of waste and sorted 35.我已经捡了三袋垃圾，并对35件垃圾进行了分类。 【用法详解1】 pick作动词，意为“采摘”。例如： Pick all the apples off the tree. 把树上的苹果都摘下来。 【拓展】 常用短语是pick up，用法如下： （1）表示“捡起，拾起”，是动词加副词结构。 例如：She picked up a stone and threw it at the dog. 她捡起一块石头朝那条狗扔去。 （2）表示“中途搭载乘客；接人”等意思｡ 例如： The train stopped several times to pick up passengers. 火车沿途停了好几次，让乘客上车｡ Wait here and I’ll pick you up at two o’clock. 在这儿等着，两点钟我来接你｡ （3）表示“意外发现；学到；获得”等意思｡ 例如： Looking through the evening paper last night, I picked up a wonderful poem. 昨晚在浏览晚报时,我意外发现了一首好诗｡ （4）表示“收拾；整理”等意思｡ 例如： Please pick up all your toys when you’ve finished playing. 你玩过后请把玩具收拾好｡ 【用法详解2】 词性及意义 常见搭配/示例 名词，意为“浪费；废物；垃圾” a waste of...一种浪费……的行为 动词，意为“浪费；滥用” waste time/money/... on sth.在某物上浪费时间/金钱/…… waste time/...（in） doing sth.浪费时间/……做某事 形容词，意为“无用的；废弃的；丢弃的” a piece of waste ground一片荒地 如： ①Watching TV too much is a waste of time. 看电视太多是浪费时间。 ②Don’t throw waste things around.不要到处乱扔废物。 1.— Would you please ________ the waste paper on the floor? — Sure, I’ll do it right away. A．pick up B．pick out C．pick at D．pick on 2.— Don’t ________ too much time on computer games. It’s bad for your eyes. — OK, Mum. I’ll stop. A．take B．cost C．spend D．waste 知识点4 How long have you been a volunteer?你当志愿者多久了？ ---I've been a volunteer for........我已经当了…… 【用法详解】how long 多长时间 how long在此处引导特殊疑问句，用于询问“多长时间”，常与现在完成时连用。对其回答时常用"for + 时间段(for 可省略)" " since + 过去的时间点或从句"或"since + 时间段 + ago"。 — How long has she been in China? 她在中国待了 故多长时间了？ — She has been in China since three years ago.她从三年前开始就待在中国。 【拓展延伸】 (1) how long还可以用来提问物体的长度，意为“多长”。 Eg. Could you tell me how long your ruler is? 你能告诉我你的尺子有多长吗？ (2) 由how组成的其他疑问词组： 短语 含义 用法 答语 how often 多久一次 " once / twice / three times + 一段时间”或 always, usually, never 等频度副词 how soon 多久以后 提问时间，常用于一般将来时 in +时间段 how far 多远 表示距离的词或短语 — How often do you go swimming? 你多久游一次泳？ — About twice a month. 大约一个月两次。 — How soon shall we take the winter vacation? 我们多久以后放寒假？ — In a month. 一个月以后。 — How far is it from your home to school? 从你家到学校有多远？ — About 2 kilometers. 10 minutes' ride by bike.大约两千米，骑自行车10分钟。 — ________ have you kept this book? — For two weeks. A．How often B．How soon C．How long D．How many 知识点 5Have you ever been to our animal shelter?你曾来过我们的动物收容所吗？ 【用法详解】辨析have been to， have gone to与have been in 词汇 意义及用法 have been to “曾经去过某地”，现在已经回来。常与just， ever， never连用，后可接表次数的副词。 have gone to “到某地去了”，指谈论的对象现在不在说话现场，一般不用第一、二人称作主语。 have been in “在某地待了多久”，常与表示时间的结构连用（since 1998/for five weeks/...）。 易错提醒： 当have been to和have gone to后接某些地点副词，如here， there， home等时，介词to应省略。 — ________ you ever ________ the Great Wall? — Yes, I went there last year. A．Have; been to B．Have; gone to C．Did; go to D．Do; go to 知识点6 I've even taught some of them how to use a mobile phone.我甚至教过他们中的一些人如何使用手机。 疑问词+不定式（to do） 【用法详解】疑问词有疑问代词who, whom, what, which, whose和疑问副词when, where, how, why。此外，连接词whether也适用。 适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括： know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember, think, wonder, understand等。  — I don’t know ________ next. Could you give me some advice? — Why not ask your teacher for help? A．how to do B．what to do C．where to do D．when to do 知识点7 .Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for inviting me to speak to you about Blue Sky Rescue today. 女士们、先生们，感谢你们邀请我今天来为大家介绍蓝天救援队。 【拓展】invitation为名词，意为“邀请；请柬”。accept/turn down （refuse） an invitation 接受/拒绝邀请。 — Why didn’t you come to the party? — Because I wasn’t ________. A．invited B．inviting C．invite D．to invite 知识点8 We've been to schools and other communities to teach children and adults how to stay safe and prepare for the worst.我们去过学校和其他社区，教孩子和成年人如何保持安全并做好最坏的准备。 【用法详解】辨析another， other， the other， others与the others 词汇 意义及用法 another 泛指“三者或三者以上中的另一个”。 other “另外的；其他的”。常与可数名词复数或不可数名词连用。each other＝one another，意为“彼此；互相”。 the other 指两者中的“另一个”。常构成“one...， the other...”结构。 others 泛指别的人或物；常构成“some...， others...”结构表示对比，意为“一些……，另一些……”。 the others 特指其余的人或物（指其余全部）。 1.— Some people like reading, while ________ prefer watching movies. — Everyone has their own hobbies. A．other B．others C．the other D．another 2.— The final exam is coming. Have you ________ for it? — Yes, I’ve reviewed all the lessons. A．asked B．looked C．prepared D．waited 知识点9Most of all, being a volunteer has taught me the value of every life.最重要的是，做志愿者让我懂得了每一个生命的价值。 短语 侧重点 most of all 强调在所有情况/事物中“最……的那一个” above all 强调“尤其重要的是”（更正式、常用于写作） especially 强调“特别是”（比 most of all 语气弱一点） first of all 强调顺序上的“首先” 【句型剖析】（1）value 作动词，表示“看重，重视”。例如： If they value these data, let them pay for them. 他们要是看重这些数据，就让他们出钱买。 If you value your health then you’ll start being a little kinder to yourself. 如果你重视自己的健康，你就要开始对自己好一点。 （2）value 作及物动词，表示“评价，估价”。后接名词或代词作宾语，当宾语后接具体价格时，常用介词at。例如： I valued the bike at 200 yuan. 我估计这辆自行车值200元。 The used car has recently been valued at 3750 pounds.这辆二手车作价为3750英镑。 【拓展】 （1）value 用作名词，基本意思是“价值，价格”，引申还可表示“用处，益处，重要性”。例如： Because of continual price increases, the value of the pound has fallen in recent years. 近年来由于物价不断上涨，英镑贬值了。 The value of this work experience should not be underestimated. 这种工作经验的重要性不应该被低估。 （2）value常用于of value to sb. 结构，表示“对某人有……价值”。例如： Good books are of great value to students. 好书对学生非常有用。 1.— What do you like about the movie? — I like the music ________. It’s so touching. A．most of all B．at first C．in fact D．after all 2.— We should always ________ the friendship between us. — I agree. It’s priceless. A．value B．change C．break D．lose 知识点10 It's voluntary, so we aren't paid.这是志愿性质的，所以我们没有报酬。 【用法详解】pay（动词过去时为paid） (v.) 支付；付出代价；给予（注意等）I paid $10 for the book. (n.) 工资；薪水（通常指固定报酬）The pay is low, but the job is easy. 名词 pay 常用于复合词或固定搭配，如 paycheck（工资支票）、payday（发薪日）、pay rise（加薪）等。 ①pay for支付…的费用；为…付出代价 ②pay off还清（债务）；付清工资后解雇；取得成功 ③pay back 还钱给某人；报复 知识点1： “四个花费”（pay, cost, spend与take） 单词 用法 结构sb. pay +钱 for sth. pay 花钱，主语是人 某人花多少钱买某物 cost 花钱，主语是物 某物花了某人多少钱sth. cost sb. +钱 sb. spend +钱/时间 on sth. spend 花钱/时间，主语是人 某人在某物上花费时间/金钱sb. spend +钱/时间(in)doing sth. 某人花费多少时间/金钱做某事It takes/took sb. +时间 to do sth. take 花时间，it作形式主语 做某事花费某人多长时间 ►I spent 100 yuan on the present. 我花了100元买这件礼物。 ►It took me 20 minutes to get to school. 我花了20分钟到达学校。 ►We paid 150 yuan for the meal. 这顿饭我们花了150元。 ►The schoolbag cost me 50 yuan. 这个书包花了我50元。 — How much did you ________ for the new dictionary? — Twenty yuan. A．cost B．spend C．pay D．take 知识点11 And that makes everything we do worth it.这也让我们所做的一切都值得。 （1）作形容词，意为“值得……的；有……价值的”。常见用法： 用法 意义 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事（主动结构表被动意义） be worth＋名词＝be worthy of＋名词 值得…… be worth＋具体的钱数 值多少钱 （2）作名词，意为“价值，值……钱（的东西）”。如：What is the worth of the painting？ 这幅油画值多少钱？ 【拓展】be of great worth很有价值 — The book is ________ reading again. It tells many life lessons. — Really? I’ll read it. A．busy B．worth C．ready D．able 知识点12 He helps to clean up the kitchen and hand out hot meals to people.他帮忙清理厨房，并向人们分发热饭。 【用法详解】hand out表示“分发；散发”，是由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词，代词作宾语时要放在短语中间，相当于 。 hand hand in：上交（作业、文件等） hand down：传下去（传统、知识、物品等） hand over：移交（权力、责任、物品等） — The teacher asked me to ________ the test papers before the exam. — OK, I’ll help you. A．hand in B．hand out C．hand over D．hand down 知识点13 His work shows us that anyone can make a difference.他的工作向我们表明，任何人都可以有所作为。 词性 意义及用法 动词 意为“给……看；展示”，show sb. sth. ＝ show sth. to sb. 意为“给某人看（展示）某物” 意为“引，领，带”，show sb. around 意为“带某人参观某地” 意为“表示，显露”，show up意为“出现，露面”，show off意为“炫耀” 名词 意为“演出；节目；展览，展览会”，talk show意为“访谈节目”，on show意为“展览；陈列” — Could you ________ me how to use this new app? — Sure. First, click here. A．say B．speak C．show D．tell 知识点14 What duties volunteers will carry out.志愿者将执行哪些职责。 carry out执行、实施、完成（计划、任务、命令等） We need to carry out the plan.（我们需要执行这个计划。） The experiment was carried out successfully.（实验成功实施了。） 常见搭配： carry out a task：执行任务 carry out a survey：开展调查 carry out a promise：履行诺言 carry out repairs：进行修理 容易混淆的短语： carry on：继续（Carry on working. 继续工作。） carry off：夺走、成功完成（She carried off the prize. 她夺得了奖项。） — The plan sounds great, but we need to ________ it out carefully. — I agree. Details matter. A．carry B．take C．bring D．put 知识点15Introduce Chinese culture to them.向他们介绍中国文化。 introduce为动词，意为“介绍；引见”。常见搭配： — Let me ________ myself. My name is Li Hua. — Nice to meet you, Li Hua. A．introduce B．invite C．interview D．invent 语法 后缀-al、-ish、-y、-ful、-ous、-ive 含义：表示“与……有关的”、“具有……性质的”。常加在名词后，构成形容词。 用法：多用于正式或学术词汇，强调关联性。 例子： nation（国家）→ national（国家的） nature（自然）→ natural（自然的） accident（事故）→ accidental（意外的） music（音乐）→ musical（音乐的；有音乐天赋的） 含义：表示“有点儿……的”、“像……一样的”、“……民族的/语言的”。可加在形容词、名词后。 用法： 修饰形容词时，表示程度减弱（略带……）。 修饰名词时，表示“具有……特征”或“……国家/语言的”。 例子： red（红）→ reddish（微红的） child（孩子）→ childish（幼稚的） fool（傻瓜）→ foolish（愚蠢的） Sweden（瑞典）→ Swedish（瑞典的；瑞典语） book（书）→ bookish（书呆子气的） 含义：表示“充满……的”、“有……倾向的”、“像……一样的”。常加在名词或动词后。 用法：口语化、常用，有时带有“略微或亲切”的色彩。 例子： wind（风）→ windy（多风的） rain（雨）→ rainy（下雨的） dirt（灰尘）→ dirty（脏的） run（跑）→ runny（流鼻涕的；易流动的） water（水）→ watery（含水多的；淡的） 含义：表示“充满……的”、“具有……性质的”。常加在抽象名词后。 用法：褒义或中性，强调“足量、富有”。 例子： hope（希望）→ hopeful（有希望的） care（小心）→ careful（小心的） beauty（美丽）→ beautiful（美丽的） thank（感谢）→ thankful（感激的） peace（和平）→ peaceful（和平的） 注意：-ful 结尾的形容词变副词时，改为 -fully（如 carefully）；变名词时，改为 -fulness（如 carefulness）。 含义：表示“充满……的”、“具有……特性的”。常加在名词后，尤其拉丁词源。 用法：多用于正式或学术词汇，有时表示“过量”或“显著”。 例子： danger（危险）→ dangerous（危险的） fame（名声）→ famous（著名的） poison（毒）→ poisonous（有毒的） space（太空）→ spacious（宽敞的） courtesy（礼貌）→ courteous（有礼貌的） 注意：以 -y 结尾的词常变 y 为 i 再加 -ous（如 courtesy → courteous）。 含义：表示“有……倾向的”、“有……作用的”。常加在动词后，构成形容词。 用法：强调主动或被动的能力、效果。 例子： act（行动）→ active（活跃的） attract（吸引）→ attractive（有吸引力的） create（创造）→ creative（有创造力的） impress（给……印象）→ impressive（给人印象深刻的） defend（防御）→ defensive（防御性的） 现在完成时 常见考法： 对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查＂瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用＂这一知识点。 现在完成时基本结构： 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语. ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） 过去分词变化规则如下： 1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点： （1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。 work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited （2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。 　　 live→lived→lived （3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。 study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried （4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。 stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped 2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。 cut→cut→cut it→hit→hit 现在完成时用法 1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。 I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。 2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如： He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) 注意：for和since的用法。 ①for + 时间段 译为：……时间 ②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来) ③since + 时间段 + ago ④since + 从句(过去时) ⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时) 注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：　　 come/arrive/reach/get to→be in 　　 go out→be out 　　 finish→be over 　　 open→be open 　　 die→be dead 　　 buy→have 　　 Fall ill→be ill 　　 Come back→be back 　 Put on→be on/wear 　　 Worry→be worried 　　 Catch a cold→have a cold 现在完成时连用的时间状语 现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。 1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂for+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。如： We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。 We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。 从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。 2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如： I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。 3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如： How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何？ The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。 Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？ The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。 注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等 现在完成时与一般过去时区别 1. 侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如： I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影） Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑） Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天） 2. 时间状语不同 现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 1．— My son falls ill again. What should I do? — You’d better ________ him ________ more exercise every day. A．to force; take B．force; take C．force; to take D．to force; to take 2．—Would you like to watch Zootopia 2 with me? —Sure! I wouldn’t mind going there again although I ________ it three times. A．see B．saw C．am seeing D．have seen 3．— Why is your brother so upset? — He ________ that his favorite basketball team didn’t win a prize in the competition. A．discovers B．will discover C．is discovering D．has discovered 4．I ________ this book for two weeks. I have to return it to the library today. A．have borrowed B．have kept C．borrowed D．kept 5．Simon, hurry up! The movie ________ for five minutes. A．has started B．has been on C．has finished D．has been over 6．Have you ________ learned about the customs of Indian people? A．ever B．already C．just D．yet 7．—________ you ever ________ to an animal shelter? —Yes, I have. I went there last week. A．Did; go B．Have; been C．Do; go D．Are; going 8．—Jiaozi, the director of Ne Zha 2, ________ on cartoon movies since he graduated from university. —I admire him a lot. His success tells us that hard work will pay off in the end. A．is working B．has worked C．worked D．will work 9．Some of the dialects (方言) ________ in use for thousands of years. They are full of local color. A．were B．are C．have been D．will be 10．—Where is Mr. Smith? —He ________ to the library. I ________ him there five minutes ago. A．has been; have met B．has been; met C．has gone; have met D．has gone; met 11．He said that he _________ Canada for a few years. A．had been to B．had been in C．has gone to 12．Lisa ________ to Chengdu last week. She ________ there three times. A．has gone to; has been B．went; has been C．went; has gone D．has been; has gone 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．The visitors with Donald Trump from America are very ________ to see so many changes ________ in China from May 13 to 15, 2026. A．surprised; has taken place B．surprising; take place C．surprised; have taken place D．surprising; are taking place 2．I haven’t seen my best friend _______ we graduated from primary school. A．for B．when C．since D．while 3．The heavy rain ________ us to give up the outdoor picnic. A．told B．allowed C．forced D．made 4．The life we got used to ________ a lot in the past few years. A．changing B．changed C．change D．has changed 5．—________ you ever ________ a book by J.K. Rowling? —Yes, I’ve read the Harry Potter series. A．Did; read B．Have; read C．Do; read D．Are; reading 6．—The Three-body Problem is fantastic. It is a Hugo Award-winning novel. —I agree. I _________ it several times so far. A．read B．am reading C．have read D．will read 7．Thank you for your _______. I will definitely read the book you suggested. A．recommendation B．introduction C．invitation D．competition 8．—Have you ever _______ the movie The Wandering Earth? —Yes, it’s very popular in China. A．listened to B．heard from C．heard of D．heard about to 9．The scientist wanted to _______ that his theory was correct through experiments. A．promise B．prove C．provide D．protect 10．Can you _______ a good hotel to me? I’m looking for a place to stay. A．recommend B．remind C．record D．remember 11．Volunteering at the local shelter every weekend really ________ to the lives of homeless people. A．makes a difference B．takes a difference C．gives a difference D．does a difference 12．Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. It _________ us _________ energy after a night. A．provide; to B．provides; with C．offer; with D．offers; to 13．This movie is definitely ________ watching. The story is touching and the acting is excellent. A．worth B．worthy C．worthwhile D．worth to 14．—Will the students get paid for helping in the community garden? —No. it’s a ________ activity. But they can get service hours for school. A．voluntary B．weekly C．peaceful D．helpful 15．Volunteers stood at the school gate to ________ flyers to parents about the upcoming charity run. A．hand in B．hand out C．hand over D．hand down 16．The old man ________ for ten years, but his children still miss him very much. A．died B．has died C．has been dead D．was dead 17．It is important for parents to ______ their children’s mental health as well as their physical health. A．care about B．care for C．care with D．care of 18．Mr. Wang has taught English in this school ______ he graduated from university. A．for B．when C．since D．after 19．My sister ______ at the local library every Saturday to help children find books. A．risks B．practices C．volunteers D．discusses 20．During the job interview, the ________ asked me about my previous work experience and my strengths. A．interviewee B．interviewer C．manager D．customer 二、单词拼写 1．I think true friendship is worth ________ (keep) no matter how far apart we are. 2．I was ________ (hike) in the mountains with some friends when it was raining heavily. 3．The volunteers ________ (hand) out food to people in need many times. 4．In his ________(young), Li Bai traveled across the country and wrote many great poems. 5．She has ________ (teach) the elderly how to use a mobile phone. 6．Since they got there, she as well as her classmates ________ (receive) great kindness from the locals. 7．Reading is a great way _______ (reduce) stress and relax after a busy day. 8．The lost key was _______ (surprising) found in the garden after ten years. 9．The teacher gave us some useful _______ (suggest) on how to choose a book for our report. 10．I think there must be a ________ (punish) if someone breaks the class rules. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Ye Haitao, a 42-year-old man with paralysis (瘫痪) has helped over 300 children with school lessons for free over the last 20 years. When Ye was young, he dreamed to be a 1 , because he thought educating people was the greatest thing in the world. In 1993, 2 he was 16, he went to university. He studied hard to 3 himself for his dream. However, 4 got in the way (阻碍) of Ye’s study and life. In the second year of his university, he was so sick that he had to 5 his study. Day by day, he couldn’t walk, stand or even sit. He could only 6 in bed all day. One day some villagers came to Ye’s home 7 help. Many left-behind (留守) children in the village lived with their grandparents, but most of their grandparents could 8 write or read. These children really needed help with their schoolwork at home, so Ye 9 . Ye started helping these children in the summer of 1999. They don’t need to 10 anything for the tutoring (辅导). Sitting at desks around Ye’s bed, they always listen to Ye 11 . Many of Ye’s students have entered (进入) high schools and 12 become college students. Seeing the children improve 13 his help, Ye is quite happy. He knows he is doing a meaningful job. “It is the 14 of these children that keeps me doing this. I get a strong 15 of satisfaction when I see their smiling faces,” Ye says. 1．A．doctor B．scientist C．teacher 2．A．when B．while C．because 3．A．offer B．care C．improve 4．A．illness B．money C．grades 5．A．keep on B．give up C．take up 6．A．lie down B．take down C．cut down 7．A．about B．against C．for 8．A．usually B．hardly C．often 9．A．disagreed B．refused C．agreed 10．A．take B．pay C．spend 11．A．carefully B．suddenly C．bravely 12．A．just B．even C．ever 13．A．in B．with C．on 14．A．smile B．stress C．relation 15．A．risk B．cheat C．feeling 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Paper cuttings can bring joy and beauty to our world. People mostly make them 1 red paper because red is a special color in China. It means good luck and 2 (happy). These paper cuttings are put on walls, windows, doors, lanterns and so on. They can be both nice presents for friends 3 beautiful decorations for houses. People love paper cuttings because they carry our dreams and wishes. In the past, life was hard and people 4 (face) many difficulties. They had not enough money to see a doctor and quite small houses to live in. Sometimes bad things like 5 (earthquake), rainstorms or snowstorms happened. So they made paper cuttings to wish for a 6 (good) life than before. They hoped for wealth, health, and longevity (长寿). For example, during the Chinese New Year, people put the word “Fu” upside down (倒立) on 7 (they) doors. This is a fun way to say they hope for lots of blessings (祝福) to come. To make the day 8 (real) special, they use a red paper cutting with “Xi” when getting married (结婚). And you might see paper cuttings with “Shou” when the old have 9 birthday party. This is a nice way to wish them a long and healthy life. So paper cuttings are not just beautiful, but people also use them for 10 (carry) good wishes and hopes. Are you interested? 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、任务型阅读 Minqin County (县) lies in the northeast of Hexi Corridor (走廊). As the county is between the Tengger and Badain Jaran deserts, it used to be one of China’s most sandy counties, with strong winds and sandstorms often hitting the area. This spring, tens of thousands of volunteers came to Minqin from all over the country. Their purpose is to plant trees with their own hands. Nearly 80 percent of them are young people aged from 20 to 35. They shared their stories online, making this small northwestern county with a population of 170,000 become well-known. Many people wonder why these young people choose to plant trees in Minqin. According to their comments, they get a strong sense of joy and power from the work. When planting young trees, they forget all their worries and feel peaceful and focused (专注). Some say the trees they plant grow with them, facing difficulties bravely just like they do. In videos online, these young people carry tools and trees, walking in a long line across the desert. Their action is not only about planting green, but also showing the sense of responsibility (责任) of young people. It is a meaningful journey. This is how young people turn responsibility into action. 根据短文内容回答下列问题，每题答案不超过6个词。 1．What often hits Minqin County? 2．Why did the volunteers come to Minqin? 3．How did volunteers make Minqin well-known? 4．What do the young people get from planting trees?   5．What does the writer think of the journey in the last paragraph?   二、阅读理解 Reading is a good way to discover the wonderful world and to learn a little more about yourself. You may know how to find the best app for your phone, but do you know how to pick a book you’ll really like? Here are some tips. Start With Your Interests 1 You can pick something that you are interested in, whether it’s ancient martial arts, computers, or fashion design. You name it and there are plenty of books about it. What’s Your “Type”? 2 Fiction books can take you to another world or help you imagine something that you never experience. Non-fiction books give you who, what, when, and why of something. They tell stories using facts—but that doesn’t mean they’re not interesting. Find a Family Favorite What was your mother’s favourite book when she was your age or your dad’s? How about your brothers’ or sisters’? 3 Then you can share your thoughts with them about the book. Join the Club-Online or In Person Most social websites on the internet also have book-clubs. 4 Get them together and enjoy introductions of writers, poems and story types. Finally, you’ll probably enjoy what you’re reading a lot if you find a quiet place and make time for the book. 5 You can play some good music, get yourself some tea and let yourself be carried away by the book. You’ll see that time does fly when you’re reading something you love! A．Do you prefer fiction (小说) or non-fiction or both? B．Read book reviews in newspapers and magazines. C．Reading on your own isn’t like reading for school. D．Join a group with your friends and people you trust. E．Find out the book and give it a read. F．Most reading is best enjoyed while reading carefully. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 Units 7~8（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握描述书籍与文学的形容词及核心辨析。 2.后缀-al、-ish、-y、-ful、-ous、-ive 3.掌握描述社会问题与人格品质的形容词（重点辨析与用法） 4.掌握现在完成时 复习难点： 1.现在完成时与一般过去时的混淆。 2. have/has been to 与 have/has gone to 的区分 考情规律 词汇运用： 1.侧重现在完成时的标志性副词（already, yet, just, ever, never） 在具体语境中的选择，以及动词与介词/副词的固定搭配（如 belong to, refer to, remind sb. of sth., be worth doing 等）。 2.侧重现在完成时持续用法的标志词（for / since） 在具体语境中的选择，以及动词短语（volunteer to do, provide sth. for sb., hand out, carry out 等） 的固定搭配。 句型转换/翻译： 1.常涉及现在完成时与一般过去时的同义转换、have/has been to 与 have/has gone to 的辨析转换、already 与 yet 的句型转换，以及疑问代词 + 动词不定式的运用。 2.常涉及How long 引导的特殊疑问句及回答、for 与 since 的句型转换、非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换，以及现在完成时与一般过去时的互辨转换。 Unit 7 A Good Read 1、 掌握描述书籍与文学的形容词及核心辨析 1. 描述书籍类型的形容词 形容词 中文释义 派生规律 示例短语 historical 历史的；有关历史的 history→ historical historical novel 历史小说 literary 文学的；文学上的 literature→ literary literary value 文学价值 scientific 科学的 science→ scientific science fiction 科幻小说 classic 经典的 — classic literature 经典文学 modern 现代的 — modern novel 现代小说 American 美国的；美洲的 America→ American American literature 美国文学 basic 基本的；初步的 base→ basic basic knowledge 基础知识 构词规律提示：本单元集中呈现了形容词后缀的构成规律，包括 -al（historical、literary）、-ish（selfish）、-y（naughty）、-ful（helpful）、-ous（dangerous）、-ive（attractive）等。复习时可结合教材Section B的词汇版块，引导学生系统梳理形容词后缀的构词规律，夯实词形判断与运用的基本功。 2.描述人物性格与角色特质的形容词（重点辨析） 本单元在讨论文学作品人物时，出现了多组成对的褒义与贬义形容词，是词汇辨析的重要考点： 褒义（积极） 中文 贬义（消极） 中文 gentle 温柔的 naughty 淘气的 brave 勇敢的 selfish 自私的 polite 有礼貌的 rude 粗鲁的 wise 智慧的 weak 意志薄弱的（拓展） kind 善良的 cruel 残忍的（拓展） 重点辨析： selfish / selfless / spoiled 形容词 中文释义 辨析要点 selfish 自私的 只顾自己，不顾他人，含贬义 selfless 无私的 只顾他人，不顾自己，含褒义（拓展词汇） spoiled / spoilt 宠坏的；娇惯坏的 因被过度溺爱而形成的任性性格 【典型例句】 Scrooge in A Christmas Carol is very selfish and only cares about money. gentle / weak / lost 的辨析 形容词 中文释义 辨析要点 gentle 温柔的 形容人的性格，温和有礼 weak 虚弱的；（能力）弱的 既形容身体健康状况，也形容意志、能力等 lost 迷路的；丢失的；失去的 形容找不到路的状态或精神层面的迷失 【典型例句】 The old man was weak from hunger, but his spirit was never broken.（老人因饥饿而虚弱，但精神从未被打败。） 掌握重点词汇及短语 4.1 核心重点单词（名词类） 单词 中文释义 adventure 冒险；冒险经历 fantasy 幻想；幻想作品 mystery 悬疑小说；神秘事物 fiction 小说 science fiction 科幻小说 detective 侦探 alien 外星人 society 社会；社团 recommendation 推荐；提议 recommend（v.推荐）→ recommendation introduction 介绍；序言 introduce（v.介绍）→ introduction summary 总结；概要 sum（总结）→ summary climax 高潮；极点 — effect 影响；结果 affect（v.影响）→ effect（n.影响） idiom 习语；成语 — build-up 准备期；准备过程 — librarian 图书管理员 library（图书馆）→ librarian（管理员） reader 读者 read（阅读）→ reader bone 骨头 — enemy 敌人 — 4.2 核心重点单词（动词类） 动词 过去式 过去分词 中文 重要搭配 steal stole stolen 偷；窃取 steal sth. from sb. recommend recommended recommended 推荐；建议 recommend sth. to sb. prove proved proved/proven 证明；证实 prove (to be) + adj. punish punished punished 惩罚；处罚 punish sb. for sth. unlock unlocked unlocked 开锁；发现；揭开 — destroy destroyed destroyed 破坏；摧毁 — consider considered considered 认为；仔细考虑 consider doing sth. force forced forced 强迫；迫使 force sb. to do sth. 4.3 核心重点单词（形容词/副词类） 单词 中文释义 派生关系 historical 历史的 history（n.历史）→ historical literary 文学的 literature（n.文学）→ literary selfish 自私的 self（n.自我）+ -ish → selfish spoiled / spoilt 宠坏的 spoil（v.宠坏）→ spoiled hidden 隐藏的；秘密的 hide（v.躲藏）→ hidden naughty 淘气的 — gentle 温柔的 — weak 虚弱的 — basic 基本的 base（n.基础）→ basic recently 最近 recent（adj.最近的）+ -ly therefore 因此；所以 — secretly 秘密地 secret（adj.秘密的）+ -ly lost 迷路的；丢失的 lose（v.丢失）→ lost 4.4 单元核心短语梳理（填空与汉译英高频考点） 短语 中文释义 记忆提示 a good read 好的读物；好书 单元标题短语 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 plan后接不定式 choose...for... 为……选择…… — science fiction 科幻小说(或影片等) — get lost 迷路 get + lost 表状态的改变 hear of 听说；得知 辨析hear from（收到……来信） base...on... 以……为基础；以……为根据 be based on 基于 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 — lose one‘s way 迷路 相当于get lost lose heart 灰心；丧失信心 — lose one‘s temper 发脾气 — lose touch with 与……失去联系 — get to one‘s feet 站起身来 常用表达 day by day 一天天；逐日 day after day（日复一日） in time 来得及；及时 on time（准时） no one has seen...for... 已经有……没人见过…… 常用否定句型 4.5 一词多义重点提示 单词 词性1 词性2 例句展示 read v.阅读 n.读物 I like to read every night. / This book is a good read. book n.书 v.预订 a good book / to book a ticket page n.页 v.呼叫 turn to page 20 / Please page the doctor. state n.状态；国家 v.陈述 state of emergency / state your opinion force n.武力 v.强迫 use force / force sb. to do base n.基础；根据地 v.把……设在；基于 military base / base on fact 二、重点单词讲解 知识点1 A young boy is forced to steal things. In the end, the bad people are punished,and the boy has a better life.一个小男孩被迫偷东西。最后，坏人受到了惩罚，男孩过上了更好的生活。 【详解】 1. force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 例句：The robber forced the clerk to open the safe. 2. force sb. into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事（较正式） 例句：They forced him into signing the contract. 3. force + 名词 —— 强行（做某事） 常见搭配： force the door 强行开门 force a smile 强颜欢笑 force one's way 强行前进 — The heavy rain ________ us to put off the sports meeting. A．made B．let C．forced D．had 【答案】C 【详解】句意：大雨迫使我们推迟了运动会。根据句意，大雨是导致推迟的原因，表示“迫使某人做某事”应用 force sb. to do sth.。make 和 let 虽然也可表示“使/让”，但 make/let sb. do sth. 后接不带 to 的不定式；had 不能接不定式。force 后接带 to 的不定式，符合结构。故选 C。 知识点2 It's a fantasy classic about a girl who gets lost in a magical world.这是一部奇幻经典，讲述了一个女孩迷失在魔法世界的故事。 — What do you think of the book The Old Man and the Sea? — It’s a ________ and I have read it three times. A．classic B．classical C．classroom D．class 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得《老人与海》这本书怎么样？——它是一部经典作品，我已经读了三遍。classic 作名词意为“经典作品”，符合语境。classical 是形容词，意为“古典的”；classroom“教室”；class“班级；课”。故选 A。 知识点3 I've always preferred the book to the movie.比起电影，我一直更喜欢原著。 — Which do you ________, tea or coffee? — Tea, please. I think tea is healthier. A．prefer B．like C．enjoy D．love 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你更喜欢哪一个，茶还是咖啡？——请给我茶。我认为茶更健康。prefer 意为“更喜欢”，表示在两者之间进行选择，后接名词或代词，符合问句中“tea or coffee”的选择语境。like/enjoy/love 也都表示“喜欢”，但不如 prefer 更能体现“在两者中更倾向于哪一个”的含义。故选A。 知识点4 Have you decided on a book for your report?你决定好你的报告要选哪本书了吗？ -Yes,I have./ No,I haven't.——是的，决定了。/ 不，还没决定。 decide的名词形式为decision，make a decision意为“做决定”， decide to do sth.＝make a decision to do sth.＝make up one’s mind to do sth.意为“决定做某事”。 — I can’t ________ which book to borrow from the library. — Why not ask the librarian for help? A．choose B．decide C．suggest D．discuss 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我无法决定从图书馆借哪本书。——为什么不请图书管理员帮忙呢？decide 意为“决定”，decide which book to borrow 表示“决定借哪本书”。choose“选择”，后面直接跟宾语，但此处强调的是“做决定”而非单纯“选择”；suggest“建议”；discuss“讨论”。故选 B。 知识点5 Could you recommend one?你能推荐一本吗？ 【详解】1. recommend + 名词 :推荐某物/某人 例：I highly recommend this book.我强烈推荐这本书。 2. recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物 例：I recommended this novel to all my friends.我向所有朋友推荐了这本小说。 3. recommend doing sth. 建议做某事 例：I recommend reading this book before watching the movie.我建议在看电影之前先读这本书。 4. recommend that + 从句（常用虚拟语气） 建议… 例：I recommend that you (should) see a doctor.我建议你去看医生。 — Could you ________ a good novel to me? — Sure. Have you read The Little Prince? A．recommend B．remind C．remember D．repeat 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能给我推荐一本好小说吗？——当然。你读过《小王子》吗？recommend sth. to sb. 意为“向某人推荐某物”，符合语境。remind“提醒”；remember“记住”；repeat“重复”。故选 A。 知识点6 Have you chosen a book for your book report yet?你为你的读书报告选好书了吗？ 如： ①Many students choose to get further education at home instead of going abroad. 许多学生选择在国内接受进一步教育，而不是出国。 ②He had no choice but to depend on himself at that moment.当时他别无选择，只能依靠自己。 — You can ________ any book you like from the shelf. — Thank you. I’ll take this one. A．believe B．choose C．build D．behave 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你可以从书架上挑选任何你喜欢的书。——谢谢。我拿这一本。choose“选择”，符合语境。believe“相信”；build“建造”；behave“表现”。故选 B。 知识点7 It belonged to her uncle's wife.它属于她叔叔的妻子。 belong to表示“属于;是..的成员”,后面接名词或代词宾格作宾语,不可用于被动语态和进行时态。“belong to+人”相当于“be+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”。 That pen belongs to Tom.= That pen is Tom's. 那支钢笔是汤姆的。 【注意】 belong不与to连用时,后面通常跟的是副词或其他介词短语， 表示“应当在(某处),适合在(某处)”。 That table belongs in the other room.那张桌子是另外那个房间的。 I refuse to go abroad. I belong here.我不到外国去,我是这里的人。 — Whose schoolbag is this? — It ________ Tom. Look, his name is on it. A．belongs to B．is belonging to C．belongs with D．is belonged to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这是谁的书包？——它属于汤姆。看，上面有他的名字。belong to 意为“属于”，没有被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。主语 it 为第三人称单数，谓语用 belongs to。故选 A。 知识点8 No one has seen it for ten years.十年来没人见过它。 【辨析】 since 与for since 后常接时间点或一般过去时的句子，该时间状语通常为现在 完成时的标志 for 后常接时间段，用来说明动作或状态持续的时间,“for十时间 段”也通常为现在完成时的标志 I have got a headache since last night.我从昨晚开始就一直头痛。 We haven't seen him for two years.我们已经两年没见到他了。 — How long have you been a volunteer? — ________ two years ago. A．For B．Since C．Before D．After 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你当志愿者多长时间了？——从两年前开始。答句“two years ago”是一个时间点，表示“从两年前那个时间点开始”，应用 since。for 后接时间段（如 for two years），不能接时间点。故选 B。 知识点9 When it unlocks a half-hidden door,she discovers the secret garden inside!当它打开一扇半隐藏的门时，她发现了里面的秘密花园！ 辨析discover， invent与create 词汇 意义及用法 discover 意为“发现”，指发现本来已经存在，但人们还不知道的事物、真理或情况。 invent 意为“发明”，指通过研究和实验制作的具有全新功能的器物等。 create 意为“创作；创造”，指创造出原本不存在的东西，如艺术、理论、美食等。 如：①Only later did she discover a talent for writing. 她后来才发现自己的写作天分。 ②Who invented the telephone？ 谁发明了电话机？ ③Scientists disagree about how the universe was created.科学家对宇宙是怎样形成的意见不一。 — Who ________ America? — Columbus did. A．invented B．discovered C．found D．looked for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——谁发现了美洲？——哥伦布。discover 指“发现”原本就存在但未被认知的事物或地方。invent“发明”（原本不存在）；find“找到”；look for“寻找”。美洲是原本存在的，故用 discovered。故选 B。 知识点10 The fresh air and beautiful garden are good for him,and he proves that he is not ill when he gets to his feet for the first time in years.新鲜的空气和美丽的花园对他有益，他证明了自己并没有生病——多年来第一次站了起来。 【详解1】be good短语小结 短语 意义及用法 be good at “擅长……”，be good at sth./doing sth.＝do well in sth./doing sth.“擅长某事/做某事”。其反义词组为be weak in sth./be poor at （sth./doing sth.）在某方面/做某事方面差/弱。 be good with “与……相处融洽；善于应付……的”，与get on/along well with同义，后常接表示人的名词或代词。 be good for “对……有好处”，其反义词组为be bad for。 be good to “对……友好”，相当于be friendly/kind to，后接名词或代词。 如： ①He’s good at dealing with pressure. 他善于应对压力。 ②I’m good with my classmates. 我与我的同学关系融洽。 ③It’s probably good for you to make some mistakes. 犯些错误或许对你有好处。 ④He is very good to me. 他对我非常友好。 【详解2】prove + 名词：证明某事物 prove + that从句：证明…（最常用） prove sth. to sb.：向某人证明某事 prove + 宾语 + to be + 名词/形容词：证明某人/某物是… prove (to be) + 形容词/名词（系动词）：结果是、证明是 1.— Eating more vegetables ________ your health, as many studies have ________. — I agree. I’ll eat more. A．is good for; proved B．are good at; proven C．is good at; proved D．are good for; proven 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——多吃蔬菜对健康有益，许多研究已经证实了这一点。——我同意。我会多吃。be good for 意为“对……有好处”，主语 Eating more vegetables 视为单数，用 is；prove“证明”，此处用过去分词 proved，have proved 为现在完成时。故选 A。 2.— I passed the driving test! — What a ________! You only practiced for three days. A．surprise B．surprising C．surprised D．surprisingly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我通过驾照考试了！——真令人惊讶！你只练了三天。what a surprise 是固定感叹句式，surprise 作名词意为“令人惊讶的事”。surprising 为形容词，不能放在 a 后面作宾语。故选 A。 知识点11 To his great surprise, he sees Colin walking and running,and he discovers that the secret garden has become as alive and beautiful as it ever was.令他大为惊讶的是，他看见柯林在走路和奔跑，并且发现秘密花园已经变得像从前一样生机勃勃、美丽动人。 【详解1】surprise的用法 surprise还可作动词，意为“（使）惊讶/吃惊”，其形容词为surprising和surprised。具体用法如下： ①surprising“令人惊讶的”，主语为物，如：His idea is surprising. 他的想法很让人惊讶。 ②surprised“感到意外的”，主语是人，常用结构：sb. be surprised to do sth. 某人对做某事感到意外；be surprised at/by sth./sb. 对某事/某人感到很意外。 如： I was surprised at how quickly she agreed. 我没想到她这么快就同意了。 She looked surprised when I told her. 我告诉她时她显得很惊讶。 【详解2】 as......as ①as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as，如：He runs as fast as Lucy. 他和露西跑得一样快。 ②not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as，如：He doesn’t run as/so fast as Lucy. 他没有露西跑得快。 ③倍数＋as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as，如：This room is twice as large as that one. 这间屋子是那间屋子的两倍大。 1.— The news ________ everyone at the meeting. They all looked shocked. — I can’t believe it either. A．surprised B．was surprised C．surprising D．was surprising 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这个消息使会议上的每个人都感到惊讶。他们看起来都很震惊。——我也无法相信。surprise 作动词，意为“使惊讶”，主语 The news 是事物，后接宾语 everyone，应用主动语态的过去式 surprised。B项 was surprised 是被动语态，表示“某人被惊讶”；C项 surprising 是形容词或现在分词；D项 was surprising 表示“是令人惊讶的”，不能直接接宾语。故选A。 2.— After hearing that he won the first prize, ________, he jumped up with excitement. — That’s a natural reaction. A．to his sadness B．to his joy C．to his surprise D．to his relief 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——在听到他获得一等奖的消息后，令他高兴的是，他兴奋地跳了起来。——那是很自然的反应。to one’s joy 意为“令某人高兴的是”，与后文“兴奋地跳起来”情感一致。to one’s sadness“令某人悲伤的是”；to one’s surprise“令某人惊讶的是”；to one’s relief“令某人欣慰/放心的是”。根据语境，听到自己得奖应是“高兴”，而非惊讶（surprise）。故选B。 知识点12 The garden reminds Mary's uncle of his dead wife.这座花园让玛丽的叔叔想起他已故的妻子。 【用法详解】remind作及物动词，意为“使想起；提醒” 重点： remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 Eg.The movie reminds me of my childhood.这部电影使我想起了我的童年。 Please remind me to call my mother.请提醒我给我妈妈打电话。 — Please ________ me to call my mother after work. — OK, no problem. A．remember B．remind C．repeat D．refuse 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——请提醒我下班后给妈妈打电话。——好的，没问题。remind sb. to do sth. 意为“提醒某人做某事”，符合语境。remember“记住”，其后不接 sb. to do；repeat“重复”；refuse“拒绝”。故选 B。 知识点13 Many people consider journey to the West to be one of the greatest Chinese classic novels of all time.许多人认为《西游记》是有史以来最伟大的中国古典小说之一。 常用结构 例句 consider＋n./pron./doing sth.＝think about...“考虑……” You’d better consider my advice.你最好考虑一下我的建议。 Why not consider going swimming to relax yourself？ 为什么不考虑去游泳放松一下呢？ consider＋从句/“疑问词＋不定式”结构“考虑……” I’m considering where to spend my holiday. 我正在考虑去哪里度假。 consider ＋sb./sth.＋（as）＋名词“把……视为……” The old man considers the kind man as his son. 老人把这个善良的男人看作自己的儿子。 consider sb. （to be）... “认为某人是……” They considered him to be clever. 他们认为他很聪明。 one of后接形容词最高级及名词复数，意为“最……之一”。 Chang jiang river is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。 【拓展】 ①one of the +复数名词+定语从句中，定语从句中的谓语动词跟定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词保持一致，通常用复数。 This is one of the books that are required for study at school. 这是学校里要求学生学习的书籍之一。 ②如果one of the +复数名词的前面有the only之类的限定语，后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式。 He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.他是我校教师中唯一懂得法语的人。 — Have you ________ going abroad for further study? — Yes, I’m thinking about it. A．considered B．decided C．suggested D．finished 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你考虑过出国深造吗？——是的，我正在考虑。consider doing sth. 意为“考虑做某事”，符合语境。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”；suggest doing sth.“建议做某事”，但主语是“你”时，suggest 通常不用于疑问句中表示“是否建议自己”；finish doing sth.“做完某事”。故选 A。 知识点14 Together,they achieve their final goal and prove themselves to be a good team.他们齐心协力，最终达成了目标，并证明了自己是一个优秀的团队。 辨析achieve， realize与come true 词汇 意义及用法 例句 achieve 意为“（通过努力）达到；完成；实现”，其主语一般为人。 Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims. 要达到这些目标需要齐心协力。 realize 意为“实现；将……变为现实”，主语为人，后常接愿望、梦想等。也可表示“理解；意识到”。 We try to help all students realize their dreams. 我们试图帮助所有的学生实现梦想。 come true 意为“实现”，其主语一般为希望、愿望等，且不能用于被动语态。 After years of hard work， his dream came true at last. 多年的努力之后，他的梦想最终实现了。 — If you work hard, you will ________ your dream. — I will try my best. A．come true B．realize C．achieve D．make 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——如果你努力学习，你会实现你的梦想。——我会尽力的。“实现梦想”可以说 achieve one’s dream 或 realize one’s dream。come true 是不及物动词短语，不能说 “come true your dream”，而要说 “your dream will come true”。选项中只有 achieve 正确。make 不能与 dream 搭配表示“实现”。故选 C。 Unit 8 Making a Difference 1、 掌握描述社会问题与人格品质的形容词（重点辨析与用法） 1.描述社会问题的形容词 形容词 中文释义 常见搭配 例句 homeless 无家可归的 homeless people Many homeless people need our help. hungry 饥饿的 feed the hungry（名词化用法） We should help the hungry. sick/ill 生病的 help the sick（名词化用法） Volunteers visit the sick in hospitals. lonely 孤独的 feel lonely The old man felt lonely after his wife passed away. elderly 年长的；上了年纪的 the elderly We often visit the elderly in the nursing home. disabled 残疾的；有缺陷的 disabled children The center provides support for disabled people. poor 贫穷的 poor areas Many children in poor areas don‘t have enough textbooks. rich 富裕的 rich areas There is a big gap between rich and poor. 重要提示：在英语表达中，形容词前面加上定冠词 the 可用来表示一类人，如 the hungry（饥饿的人们）、the sick（生病的人们）、the elderly（老年人）。学生在写作和口语中应掌握这一名词化用法，使表达更加地道、简洁。 2.描述人格品质的形容词（志愿服务主题核心词汇） （1）褒义/积极品质形容词 形容词 中文释义 用法提示 例句 helpful 乐于助人的 直接描述人的品质 She is always helpful to others in need. caring 有爱心的；关心他人的 a caring person A caring person never hesitates to help. hopeful 充满希望的；怀有希望的 feel hopeful Volunteering makes me feel hopeful about the future. proud 自豪的；骄傲的 be proud of sth. I am proud of what our team has achieved. satisfied 满意的；满足的 feel satisfied Helping others makes me feel satisfied. meaningful 有意义的 meaningful work Volunteer work is a meaningful experience. important 重要的 an important job Every small action plays an important role. kind 善良的 show kindness to others Kind people always think about others first. （2）否定前缀形容词的灵活运用 形容词 否定形式 否定前缀 语境用法 possible impossible im- 描述任务、目标的可行性 necessary unnecessary un- 描述行为、措施的必要性 掌握重点词汇及短语 4.1 核心重点单词（名词类） 单词 中文释义 搭配与拓展 difference 不同；影响；改变 make a difference 带来改变 volunteer 志愿者；志愿做 volunteer work 志愿工作 community 社区 community service 社区服务 organization 组织；机构 non-profit organization 非营利组织 project 项目；工程 a volunteer project 志愿者项目 event 活动；事件 organize an event 组织活动 charity 慈善；慈善机构 work for a charity 为慈善机构工作 team 团队 work as a team 团队合作 environment 环境 protect the environment 保护环境 pollution 污染 reduce pollution 减少污染 activity 活动 organize an activity 组织活动 need 需要（n./v.） in need 贫困的；需要帮助的 4.2 核心重点单词（动词类） 动词 过去式 过去分词 中文 重要搭配 volunteer volunteered volunteered 志愿做 volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 donate donated donated 捐赠 donate sth. to sb. 向……捐赠 collect collected collected 收集 collect rubbish/waste 收集垃圾 recycle recycled recycled 回收 recycle paper/plastic 回收纸张/塑料 protect protected protected 保护 protect animals/environment 保护 support supported supported 支持 support a charity 支持慈善机构 raise raised raised 筹集；募捐 raise money for... 为……筹款 save saved saved 节省；拯救 save energy 节约能源 join joined joined 加入 join a club 加入俱乐部 4.3 核心重点单词（形容词类） 形容词 中文释义 搭配 homeless 无家可归的 homeless people hungry 饥饿的 feed the hungry（名词化） lonely 孤独的 feel lonely helpful 乐于助人的 be helpful to sb. caring 有爱心的 a caring person hopeful 充满希望的 feel hopeful meaningful 有意义的 meaningful work proud 自豪的 be proud of satisfied 满意的 feel satisfied with possible 可能的 make it possible necessary 必要的 It’s necessary to... 4.4 单元核心短语梳理（填空与汉译英高频考点） 短语 中文释义 例句 make a difference 产生影响；带来改变 Small actions can make a big difference. raise money for 为……筹款 They raised money for the homeless shelter. clean up 清理；打扫干净 Let’s clean up the park this weekend. cheer up 使振作；使高兴 We visited the hospital to cheer up the sick kids. visit the old people’s home 探望养老院 Our class visits the old people’s home every month. in need 贫困的；需要帮助的 Help those in need. Protect the environment 保护环境 Everyone should protect the environment. reduce pollution 减少污染 We need to reduce pollution in our city. volunteer work 志愿工作 I have done volunteer work for two years. community service 社区服务 Community service helps make our neighborhood better. work as a team 团队合作 We worked as a team to finish the project. 4.5 一词多义重点提示 单词 词性1 词性2 例句展示 need n. 需要；需求 v. 需要 children in need / they need help help n. 帮助 v. 帮助 Your help is needed! / Let’s help others. raise v. 筹款 v. 举起；提高 raise money / raise your hand save v. 拯救；节省 v. 储蓄；保留 save the earth / save money plant v. 种植 n. 植物 plant trees / water the plant 二、重点单词讲解 知识点1 Excuse me, are you a volunteer here?打扰一下，你是这里的志愿者吗？ 【用法详解】volunteer此处用作动词，意为“义务做；自愿做”，后常跟介词for。 常用结构： volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 Eg.We volunteer for the work in the club. 我们自愿在俱乐部里做这项工作。 He always volunteered to do the most dangerous work. 他总是自愿做最危险的工作。 【拓展延伸】volunteer还可用作名词，意为“志愿者”。 Eg.I’d like to be a volunteer for the Olympics. 我想成为一名奥运会志愿者。 — Many students ________ to help clean up the city park last Sunday. A．volunteered B．provided C．offered D．gave 【答案】A 【详解】句意：上周日许多学生自愿帮忙打扫城市公园。volunteer to do sth. 意为“自愿做某事”，符合语境。provide“提供”；offer“主动提出”，但offer to do sth.也表示主动做，不过此处强调“自愿”更贴合volunteer；gave“给”。故选A。 知识点2 I guide visitors through the museum and provide information about the artworks. 我引导游客参观博物馆，并提供有关艺术品的信息。 辨析provide， give与offer 词汇 意义 常用结构 provide “提供；供应” provide sb. with sth. ＝provide sth. for sb. give “给予” give sb. sth. ＝give sth. to sb. offer “主动提出；自愿给予” offer sb. sth. ＝offer sth. to sb. — The local government ________ free meals for the elderly in need. A．provides B．offers C．gives D．supports 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当地政府为有需要的老年人提供免费餐食。provide sth. for sb. 或 provide sb. with sth.，此处结构为provide free meals for the elderly。offer 也可表示提供，但offer sb. sth. 或 offer sth. to sb.；give 和 support 不符合固定搭配。故选A。 知识点3 I've picked up three bags of waste and sorted 35.我已经捡了三袋垃圾，并对35件垃圾进行了分类。 【用法详解1】 pick作动词，意为“采摘”。例如： Pick all the apples off the tree. 把树上的苹果都摘下来。 【拓展】 常用短语是pick up，用法如下： （1）表示“捡起，拾起”，是动词加副词结构。 例如：She picked up a stone and threw it at the dog. 她捡起一块石头朝那条狗扔去。 （2）表示“中途搭载乘客；接人”等意思｡ 例如： The train stopped several times to pick up passengers. 火车沿途停了好几次，让乘客上车｡ Wait here and I’ll pick you up at two o’clock. 在这儿等着，两点钟我来接你｡ （3）表示“意外发现；学到；获得”等意思｡ 例如： Looking through the evening paper last night, I picked up a wonderful poem. 昨晚在浏览晚报时,我意外发现了一首好诗｡ （4）表示“收拾；整理”等意思｡ 例如： Please pick up all your toys when you’ve finished playing. 你玩过后请把玩具收拾好｡ 【用法详解2】 词性及意义 常见搭配/示例 名词，意为“浪费；废物；垃圾” a waste of...一种浪费……的行为 动词，意为“浪费；滥用” waste time/money/... on sth.在某物上浪费时间/金钱/…… waste time/...（in） doing sth.浪费时间/……做某事 形容词，意为“无用的；废弃的；丢弃的” a piece of waste ground一片荒地 如： ①Watching TV too much is a waste of time. 看电视太多是浪费时间。 ②Don’t throw waste things around.不要到处乱扔废物。 1.— Would you please ________ the waste paper on the floor? — Sure, I’ll do it right away. A．pick up B．pick out C．pick at D．pick on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——请把地板上的废纸捡起来好吗？——当然，我马上做。pick up 意为“捡起；拾起”，符合语境。pick out“挑选”；pick at“少量地吃”；pick on“找茬”。故选A。 2.— Don’t ________ too much time on computer games. It’s bad for your eyes. — OK, Mum. I’ll stop. A．take B．cost C．spend D．waste 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——不要在电脑游戏上浪费太多时间，对眼睛不好。——好的，妈妈，我不玩了。waste time on sth. 意为“在某事上浪费时间”，符合劝阻语境。take/cost/spend 均无“浪费”含义。故选D。 知识点4 How long have you been a volunteer?你当志愿者多久了？ ---I've been a volunteer for........我已经当了…… 【用法详解】how long 多长时间 how long在此处引导特殊疑问句，用于询问“多长时间”，常与现在完成时连用。对其回答时常用"for + 时间段 (for 可省略)" " since + 过去的时间点或从句"或"since + 时间段 + ago"。 — How long has she been in China? 她在中国待了 故多长时间了？ — She has been in China since three years ago.她从三年前开始就待在中国。 【拓展延伸】 (1) how long还可以用来提问物体的长度，意为“多长”。 Eg. Could you tell me how long your ruler is? 你能告诉我你的尺子有多长吗？ (2) 由how组成的其他疑问词组： 短语 含义 用法 答语 how often 多久一次 提问频率 " once / twice / three times + 一段时间”或 always, usually, never 等频度副词 how soon 多久以后 提问时间，常用于一般将来时 in +时间段 how far 多远 提问距离 表示距离的词或短语 — How often do you go swimming? 你多久游一次泳？ — About twice a month. 大约一个月两次。 — How soon shall we take the winter vacation? 我们多久以后放寒假？ — In a month. 一个月以后。 — How far is it from your home to school? 从你家到学校有多远？ — About 2 kilometers. 10 minutes' ride by bike.大约两千米，骑自行车10分钟。 — ________ have you kept this book? — For two weeks. A．How often B．How soon C．How long D．How many 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这本书你借了多久了？——两周了。How long 提问时间段，答语为“For two weeks”。How often 问频率；How soon 问“多久以后”；How many 问数量。故选C。 知识点 5 Have you ever been to our animal shelter?你曾来过我们的动物收容所吗？ 【用法详解】辨析have been to， have gone to与have been in 词汇 意义及用法 have been to “曾经去过某地”，现在已经回来。常与just， ever， never连用，后可接表次数的副词。 have gone to “到某地去了”，指谈论的对象现在不在说话现场，一般不用第一、二人称作主语。 have been in “在某地待了多久”，常与表示时间的结构连用（since 1998/for five weeks/...）。 易错提醒： 当have been to和have gone to后接某些地点副词，如here， there， home等时，介词to应省略。 — ________ you ever ________ the Great Wall? — Yes, I went there last year. A．Have; been to B．Have; gone to C．Did; go to D．Do; go to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你曾经去过长城吗？——是的，我去年去的。have been to 表示“去过某地（已返回）”，符合询问经历的场景。have gone to 表示“去了某地（未返回）”，与下文“去年去的”矛盾。故选A。 知识点6 I've even taught some of them how to use a mobile phone.我甚至教过他们中的一些人如何使用手机。 疑问词+不定式（to do） 【用法详解】疑问词有疑问代词who, whom, what, which, whose和疑问副词when, where, how, why。此外，连接词whether也适用。 适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括： know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember, think, wonder, understand等。  — I don’t know ________ next. Could you give me some advice? — Why not ask your teacher for help? A．how to do B．what to do C．where to do D．when to do 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我不知道接下来该做什么。你能给我一些建议吗？——为什么不向你老师求助呢？what to do 中 what 作 do 的宾语，相当于 what I should do。how to do 缺少宾语，应为 how to do it。故选B。 知识点7 .Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for inviting me to speak to you about Blue Sky Rescue today. 女士们、先生们，感谢你们邀请我今天来为大家介绍蓝天救援队。 【拓展】invitation为名词，意为“邀请；请柬”。accept/turn down （refuse） an invitation 接受/拒绝邀请。 — Why didn’t you come to the party? — Because I wasn’t ________. A．invited B．inviting C．invite D．to invite 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你为什么没来参加聚会？——因为我没有被邀请。主语 I 与 invite 之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态 was not invited。故选A。 知识点8 We've been to schools and other communities to teach children and adults how to stay safe and prepare for the worst.我们去过学校和其他社区，教孩子和成年人如何保持安全并做好最坏的准备。 【用法详解】辨析another， other， the other， others与the others 词汇 意义及用法 another 泛指“三者或三者以上中的另一个”。 other “另外的；其他的”。常与可数名词复数或不可数名词连用。each other＝one another，意为“彼此；互相”。 the other 指两者中的“另一个”。常构成“one...， the other...”结构。 others 泛指别的人或物；常构成“some...， others...”结构表示对比，意为“一些……，另一些……”。 the others 特指其余的人或物（指其余全部）。 1.— Some people like reading, while ________ prefer watching movies. — Everyone has their own hobbies. A．other B．others C．the other D．another 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——有些人喜欢阅读，而其他人更喜欢看电影。——每个人都有自己的爱好。others 泛指“其他人（复数）”，相当于 other people。other 后需接名词；the other 特指两者中的另一个；another 指三者及以上中的另一个。故选B。 2.— The final exam is coming. Have you ________ for it? — Yes, I’ve reviewed all the lessons. A．asked B．looked C．prepared D．waited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——期末考试快到了。你准备好了吗？——是的，我复习了所有课程。prepare for sth. 意为“为某事做准备”。asked“问”；looked“看”；waited“等待”，均不搭配。故选C。 知识点9 Most of all, being a volunteer has taught me the value of every life.最重要的是，做志愿者让我懂得了每一个生命的价值。 短语 侧重点 most of all 强调在所有情况/事物中“最……的那一个” above all 强调“尤其重要的是”（更正式、常用于写作） especially 强调“特别是”（比 most of all 语气弱一点） first of all 强调顺序上的“首先” 【句型剖析】（1）value 作动词，表示“看重，重视”。例如： If they value these data, let them pay for them. 他们要是看重这些数据，就让他们出钱买。 If you value your health then you’ll start being a little kinder to yourself. 如果你重视自己的健康，你就要开始对自己好一点。 （2）value 作及物动词，表示“评价，估价”。后接名词或代词作宾语，当宾语后接具体价格时，常用介词at。例如： I valued the bike at 200 yuan. 我估计这辆自行车值200元。 The used car has recently been valued at 3750 pounds.这辆二手车作价为3750英镑。 【拓展】 （1）value 用作名词，基本意思是“价值，价格”，引申还可表示“用处，益处，重要性”。例如： Because of continual price increases, the value of the pound has fallen in recent years. 近年来由于物价不断上涨，英镑贬值了。 The value of this work experience should not be underestimated. 这种工作经验的重要性不应该被低估。 （2）value常用于of value to sb. 结构，表示“对某人有……价值”。例如： Good books are of great value to students. 好书对学生非常有用。 1.— What do you like about the movie? — I like the music ________. It’s so touching. A．most of all B．at first C．in fact D．after all 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你喜欢这部电影的什么？——我最喜欢它的音乐，太感人了。most of all 意为“最重要的是；尤其”，表示在众多方面中特别喜欢某一点。at first“起初”；in fact“事实上”；after all“毕竟”。故选A。 2.— We should always ________ the friendship between us. — I agree. It’s priceless. A．value B．change C．break D．lose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们应该始终珍惜我们之间的友谊。——我同意，它是无价的。value 作动词意为“重视；珍惜”，符合语境。change“改变”；break“破坏”；lose“失去”。故选A。 知识点10 It's voluntary, so we aren't paid.这是志愿性质的，所以我们没有报酬。 【用法详解】pay（动词过去时为paid） (v.) 支付；付出代价；给予（注意等）I paid $10 for the book. (n.) 工资；薪水（通常指固定报酬）The pay is low, but the job is easy. 名词 pay 常用于复合词或固定搭配，如 paycheck（工资支票）、payday（发薪日）、pay rise（加薪）等。 ①pay for支付…的费用；为…付出代价 ②pay off还清（债务）；付清工资后解雇；取得成功 ③pay back 还钱给某人；报复 知识点1： “四个花费”（pay, cost, spend与take） 单词 用法 结构sb. pay +钱 for sth. pay 花钱，主语是人 某人花多少钱买某物 cost 花钱，主语是物 某物花了某人多少钱sth. cost sb. +钱 sb. spend +钱/时间 on sth. spend 花钱/时间，主语是人 某人在某物上花费时间/金钱sb. spend +钱/时间(in)doing sth. 某人花费多少时间/金钱做某事It takes/took sb. +时间 to do sth. take 花时间，it作形式主语 做某事花费某人多长时间 ►I spent 100 yuan on the present. 我花了100元买这件礼物。 ►It took me 20 minutes to get to school. 我花了20分钟到达学校。 ►We paid 150 yuan for the meal. 这顿饭我们花了150元。 ►The schoolbag cost me 50 yuan. 这个书包花了我50元。 — How much did you ________ for the new dictionary? — Twenty yuan. A．cost B．spend C．pay D．take 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你买这本新字典花了多少钱？——二十元。pay for sth. 表示“为某物付款”，主语为人。cost 主语为物；spend 主语为人，但结构为 spend money on sth. 或 spend time (in) doing sth.；take 常用于 it takes sb. time to do sth.。此处 pay 最合适。故选C。 知识点11 And that makes everything we do worth it.这也让我们所做的一切都值得。 （1）作形容词，意为“值得……的；有……价值的”。常见用法： 用法 意义 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事（主动结构表被动意义） be worth＋名词＝be worthy of＋名词 值得…… be worth＋具体的钱数 值多少钱 （2）作名词，意为“价值，值……钱（的东西）”。如：What is the worth of the painting？ 这幅油画值多少钱？ 【拓展】be of great worth很有价值 — The book is ________ reading again. It tells many life lessons. — Really? I’ll read it. A．busy B．worth C．ready D．able 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这本书值得再读一遍，它讲述了许多人生道理。——真的吗？我要去读。be worth doing 意为“值得做”，主动形式表被动含义。busy“忙碌的”；ready“准备好的”；able“能够的”。故选B。 知识点12 He helps to clean up the kitchen and hand out hot meals to people.他帮忙清理厨房，并向人们分发热饭。 【用法详解】hand out表示“分发；散发”，是由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词，代词作宾语时要放在短语中间，相当于 give out 。 hand hand in：上交（作业、文件等） hand down：传下去（传统、知识、物品等） hand over：移交（权力、责任、物品等） — The teacher asked me to ________ the test papers before the exam. — OK, I’ll help you. A．hand in B．hand out C．hand over D．hand down 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——老师让我在考试前分发试卷。——好的，我来帮你。hand out 意为“分发”。hand in“上交”；hand over“移交”；hand down“流传”。故选B。 知识点13 His work shows us that anyone can make a difference.他的工作向我们表明，任何人都可以有所作为。 词性 意义及用法 动词 意为“给……看；展示”，show sb. sth. ＝ show sth. to sb. 意为“给某人看（展示）某物” 意为“引，领，带”，show sb. around 意为“带某人参观某地” 意为“表示，显露”，show up意为“出现，露面”，show off意为“炫耀” 名词 意为“演出；节目；展览，展览会”，talk show意为“访谈节目”，on show意为“展览；陈列” — Could you ________ me how to use this new app? — Sure. First, click here. A．say B．speak C．show D．tell 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能给我演示如何使用这个新应用吗？——当然。首先，点击这里。show sb. how to do sth. 意为“向某人演示如何做某事”。say“说”；speak“说（语言）”；tell“告诉”，但 tell sb. how to do sth. 也可表示“告诉某人如何做”，但show更强调“演示”。根据语境，演示操作更合适。故选C。 知识点14 What duties volunteers will carry out.志愿者将执行哪些职责。 carry out执行、实施、完成（计划、任务、命令等） We need to carry out the plan.（我们需要执行这个计划。） The experiment was carried out successfully.（实验成功实施了。） 常见搭配： carry out a task：执行任务 carry out a survey：开展调查 carry out a promise：履行诺言 carry out repairs：进行修理 容易混淆的短语： carry on：继续（Carry on working. 继续工作。） carry off：夺走、成功完成（She carried off the prize. 她夺得了奖项。） — The plan sounds great, but we need to ________ it out carefully. — I agree. Details matter. A．carry B．take C．bring D．put 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这个计划听起来很棒，但我们需要仔细执行。——我同意，细节很重要。carry out 意为“执行；实施”，为固定短语。take out“取出”；bring out“出版；使显现”；put out“熄灭”。故选A。 知识点15 Introduce Chinese culture to them.向他们介绍中国文化。 introduce为动词，意为“介绍；引见”。常见搭配： — Let me ________ myself. My name is Li Hua. — Nice to meet you, Li Hua. A．introduce B．invite C．interview D．invent 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——让我介绍一下自己，我叫李华。——很高兴认识你，李华。introduce oneself 意为“自我介绍”。invite“邀请”；interview“采访”；invent“发明”。故选A。 语法 后缀-al、-ish、-y、-ful、-ous、-ive 1. 后缀 -al 含义：表示“与……有关的”、“具有……性质的”。常加在名词后，构成形容词。 用法：多用于正式或学术词汇，强调关联性。 例子： nation（国家）→ national（国家的） nature（自然）→ natural（自然的） accident（事故）→ accidental（意外的） music（音乐）→ musical（音乐的；有音乐天赋的） 2. 后缀 -ish 含义：表示“有点儿……的”、“像……一样的”、“……民族的/语言的”。可加在形容词、名词后。 用法： 修饰形容词时，表示程度减弱（略带……）。 修饰名词时，表示“具有……特征”或“……国家/语言的”。 例子： red（红）→ reddish（微红的） child（孩子）→ childish（幼稚的） fool（傻瓜）→ foolish（愚蠢的） Sweden（瑞典）→ Swedish（瑞典的；瑞典语） book（书）→ bookish（书呆子气的） 3. 后缀 -y 含义：表示“充满……的”、“有……倾向的”、“像……一样的”。常加在名词或动词后。 用法：口语化、常用，有时带有“略微或亲切”的色彩。 例子： wind（风）→ windy（多风的） rain（雨）→ rainy（下雨的） dirt（灰尘）→ dirty（脏的） run（跑）→ runny（流鼻涕的；易流动的） water（水）→ watery（含水多的；淡的） 4. 后缀 -ful 含义：表示“充满……的”、“具有……性质的”。常加在抽象名词后。 用法：褒义或中性，强调“足量、富有”。 例子： hope（希望）→ hopeful（有希望的） care（小心）→ careful（小心的） beauty（美丽）→ beautiful（美丽的） thank（感谢）→ thankful（感激的） peace（和平）→ peaceful（和平的） 注意：-ful 结尾的形容词变副词时，改为 -fully（如 carefully）；变名词时，改为 -fulness（如 carefulness）。 5. 后缀 -ous 含义：表示“充满……的”、“具有……特性的”。常加在名词后，尤其拉丁词源。 用法：多用于正式或学术词汇，有时表示“过量”或“显著”。 例子： danger（危险）→ dangerous（危险的） fame（名声）→ famous（著名的） poison（毒）→ poisonous（有毒的） space（太空）→ spacious（宽敞的） courtesy（礼貌）→ courteous（有礼貌的） 注意：以 -y 结尾的词常变 y 为 i 再加 -ous（如 courtesy → courteous）。 6. 后缀 -ive 含义：表示“有……倾向的”、“有……作用的”。常加在动词后，构成形容词。 用法：强调主动或被动的能力、效果。 例子： act（行动）→ active（活跃的） attract（吸引）→ attractive（有吸引力的） create（创造）→ creative（有创造力的） impress（给……印象）→ impressive（给人印象深刻的） defend（防御）→ defensive（防御性的） 现在完成时 常见考法： 对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查＂瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用＂这一知识点。 现在完成时基本结构： 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语. ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） 过去分词变化规则如下： 1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点： （1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。 work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited （2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。 　　 live→lived→lived （3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。 study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried （4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。 stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped 2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。 cut→cut→cut it→hit→hit 现在完成时用法 1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。 I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。 2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如： He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) 注意：for和since的用法。 ①for + 时间段 译为：……时间 ②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来) ③since + 时间段 + ago ④since + 从句(过去时) ⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时) 注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：　　 come/arrive/reach/get to→be in 　　 go out→be out 　　 finish→be over 　　 open→be open 　　 die→be dead 　　 buy→have 　　 Fall ill→be ill 　　 Come back→be back 　 Put on→be on/wear 　　 Worry→be worried 　　 Catch a cold→have a cold 现在完成时连用的时间状语 现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。 1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂for+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。如： We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。 We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。 从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。 2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如： I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。 3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如： How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何？ The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。 Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？ The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。 注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等 现在完成时与一般过去时区别 1. 侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如： I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影） Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑） Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天） 2. 时间状语不同 现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 1．— My son falls ill again. What should I do? — You’d better ________ him ________ more exercise every day. A．to force; take B．force; take C．force; to take D．to force; to take 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—— 我儿子又生病了。我该怎么办?  ——你最好强制他每天多做运动。 考查动词用法。第一空，“’d better”是“had better”的缩写，意为“最好做某事”，后面接动词原形；第二空，force后加不定式作宾语补足，意为“强迫/强制某人做某事”。故选C。 2．—Would you like to watch Zootopia 2 with me? —Sure! I wouldn’t mind going there again although I ________ it three times. A．see B．saw C．am seeing D．have seen 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你想和我一起看《疯狂动物城 2》吗？——当然！我不介意再去那里，尽管我已经看过它三次了。根据“three times”和“again”可知，此处强调过去的经历对现在的影响，表示已经看过三次，需用现在完成时have seen。 3．— Why is your brother so upset? — He ________ that his favorite basketball team didn’t win a prize in the competition. A．discovers B．will discover C．is discovering D．has discovered 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你弟弟为什么这么难过？ ——他已经发现了他最喜欢的篮球队在比赛中没有获奖。 根据“Why is your brother so upset?”可知弟弟现在很难过，原因是他“已经发现”了比赛结果，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。 4．I ________ this book for two weeks. I have to return it to the library today. A．have borrowed B．have kept C．borrowed D．kept 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我借这本书已经两周了。我今天必须把它还给图书馆。have borrowed已经借了，现在完成时；have kept已经持有，现在完成时；borrowed借了，一般过去时；kept持有，一般过去时。根据时间状语“for two weeks”表示一段时间，句子需用现在完成时，且动词须为延续性动词。borrow是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，需用延续性动词keep。 5．Simon, hurry up! The movie ________ for five minutes. A．has started B．has been on C．has finished D．has been over 【答案】B 【详解】句意：西蒙，快点！电影已经放映五分钟了。 start开始；be on上映；finish结束；be over完结。根据时间段for five minutes，短暂动作不能与时间段连用，需转换为延续状态，此处表示电影正在放映，应选has been on。 6．Have you ________ learned about the customs of Indian people? A．ever B．already C．just D．yet 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你曾经了解过印度人的风俗习惯吗？ever曾经；already已经；just刚刚；yet还，已经。根据“Have you...learned about the customs of Indian people?”可知，句子是现在完成时的一般疑问句，询问是否曾经有过某种经历，且空位于助动词和过去分词之间，yet通常用于句末，故应用ever。 7．—________ you ever ________ to an animal shelter? —Yes, I have. I went there last week. A．Did; go B．Have; been C．Do; go D．Are; going 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你曾经去过动物收容所吗？——是的，我去过。我上周去的。Did; go去（一般过去时）；Have; been去过（现在完成时，表示经历）；Do; go去（一般现在时）；Are; going将去（现在进行时表将来）。根据答句“Yes, I have”可知，问句是现在完成时，且“ever”常与现在完成时连用，表示“曾经”，应填Have; been。 8．—Jiaozi, the director of Ne Zha 2, ________ on cartoon movies since he graduated from university. —I admire him a lot. His success tells us that hard work will pay off in the end. A．is working B．has worked C．worked D．will work 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——电影《哪吒 2》的导演饺子自大学毕业以来就一直从事卡通电影工作。——我非常钦佩他。他的成功告诉我们，努力最终会有回报。根据“since he graduated from university”可知，since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“Jiaozi”是第三人称单数，应填has worked。 9．Some of the dialects (方言) ________ in use for thousands of years. They are full of local color. A．were B．are C．have been D．will be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：一些方言已经使用数千年了。它们充满了地方色彩。根据时间状语“for thousands of years”可知动作从过去持续到现在，且后句“They are”表明现在仍然存在，需用现在完成时，应填have been。 10．—Where is Mr. Smith? —He ________ to the library. I ________ him there five minutes ago. A．has been; have met B．has been; met C．has gone; have met D．has gone; met 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——史密斯先生在哪里？——他去图书馆了。我五分钟前在那里遇见了他。has gone to去了某地（未回）；has been to去过某地（已回）。根据“Where is Mr. Smith?”可知史密斯先生不在这里，说明他去了图书馆还没回来，第一空用has gone；根据时间状语“five minutes ago”可知第二空用一般过去时，meet的过去式为met。故选D。 11．He said that he _________ Canada for a few years. A．had been to B．had been in C．has gone to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他说他已经在加拿大待了几年了。主句“He said”是一般过去时，宾语从句需用过去的时态，排除C项。时间状语“for a few years”表示一段时间，需与延续性状态连用。had been to意为“去过”，表示经历，不能与时间段连用；had been in意为“待在”，表示状态，可与时间段连用，应选B。 12．Lisa ________ to Chengdu last week. She ________ there three times. A．has gone to; has been B．went; has been C．went; has gone D．has been; has gone 【答案】B 【详解】句意：丽莎上周去了成都。她去过那里三次了。has gone (to)去了某地（但未回），现在完成时；went去了，一般过去时；has been (to)去过某地（已回），现在完成时。根据“last week”可知，第一空表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时went；根据“three times”可知，第二空强调过往经历，应用现在完成时has been，表示去过某地已回，且there为地点副词，前面不加to。 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．The visitors with Donald Trump from America are very ________ to see so many changes ________ in China from May 13 to 15, 2026. A．surprised; has taken place B．surprising; take place C．surprised; have taken place D．surprising; are taking place 【答案】C 【详解】句意：2026年5月13日至15日，随同美国唐纳德・特朗普的代表团，看到中国发生了如此多的变化，倍感惊讶。surprised感到惊讶的，常修饰人；surprising令人惊讶的，常修饰物。第一空修饰“The visitors”，选填surprised；“so many changes”已经发生，且此处强调其影响，因此第二空用现在完成时表达，主语为复数，助动词用have。 2．I haven’t seen my best friend _______ we graduated from primary school. A．for B．when C．since D．while 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从我们小学毕业以来，我就没见过我最好的朋友。 for长达……；when当……时候；since自从……以来；while当……时候/然而。主句“I haven’t seen”是现在完成时，从句“we graduated”是一般过去时，since 引导的时间状语从句常与现在完成时连用，表示动作从过去某一点开始持续到现在。 3．The heavy rain ________ us to give up the outdoor picnic. A．told B．allowed C．forced D．made 【答案】C 【详解】句意：大雨迫使我们放弃户外野餐。told告诉；allowed允许；forced迫使；made使，让。根据“The heavy rain”和“give up the outdoor picnic”可知，大雨是导致放弃野餐的客观原因，force sb. to do sth.迫使某人做某事，符合语境。 4．The life we got used to ________ a lot in the past few years. A．changing B．changed C．change D．has changed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们习惯了的生活在过去几年里已经改变了很多。 句子主语是“The life”，“we got used to”是定语从句修饰主语。根据时间状语“in the past few years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。应填has changed。 5．—________ you ever ________ a book by J.K. Rowling? —Yes, I’ve read the Harry Potter series. A．Did; read B．Have; read C．Do; read D．Are; reading 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你曾经读过J.K.罗琳写的书吗？——是的，我读过《哈利·波特》系列。 根据“ever”以及答语“I’ve read”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其基本结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语为you，助动词应用have，read的过去分词形式仍为read。应填Have; read。 6．—The Three-body Problem is fantastic. It is a Hugo Award-winning novel. —I agree. I _________ it several times so far. A．read B．am reading C．have read D．will read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——《三体》真是太神奇了。这是一部雨果奖获奖小说。——我同意。迄今为止，我已经读了好几遍了。根据“so far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应填have read。 7．Thank you for your _______. I will definitely read the book you suggested. A．recommendation B．introduction C．invitation D．competition 【答案】A 【详解】句意：谢谢你的推荐。我肯定会读你建议的那本书。 recommendation推荐；introduction介绍；invitation邀请；competition比赛。根据后句“I will definitely read the book you suggested.”可知，对方建议了这本书，因此是感谢对方的“推荐”。应填recommendation。 8．—Have you ever _______ the movie The Wandering Earth? —Yes, it’s very popular in China. A．listened to B．heard from C．heard of D．heard about to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你听说过电影《流浪地球》吗？——是的，它在中国很受欢迎。 listen to听；hear from收到……的来信；hear of 听说；heard about to结构错误。根据答语“Yes, it’s very popular in China.”可知是在询问是否知道这部电影，符合hear of的用法。 9．The scientist wanted to _______ that his theory was correct through experiments. A．promise B．prove C．provide D．protect 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位科学家想要通过实验证明他的理论是正确的。 promise承诺；prove证明；provide提供；protect保护。根据“through experiments”和“his theory was correct”可知，科学家进行实验是为了验证理论，即“证明”其正确性。故填prove。 10．Can you _______ a good hotel to me? I’m looking for a place to stay. A．recommend B．remind C．record D．remember 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你能给我推荐一家好旅馆吗？我正在寻找一个住的地方。 recommend推荐；remind提醒；record记录；remember记得。根据后句“I’m looking for a place to stay.”可知正在找住处，因此请求对方推荐旅馆。应填recommend。 11．Volunteering at the local shelter every weekend really ________ to the lives of homeless people. A．makes a difference B．takes a difference C．gives a difference D．does a difference 【答案】A 【详解】句意：每周末在当地收容所做志愿者真的对无家可归者的生活产生了影响。 makes a difference起作用；takes a difference带来不同；gives a difference产生了差异；does a difference表达有误。固定搭配make a difference意为“起作用，有影响，带来改变”。根据句意可知，志愿者工作对无家可归者的生活带来了改变，符合语境。其他选项搭配不当。 12．Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. It _________ us _________ energy after a night. A．provide; to B．provides; with C．offer; with D．offers; to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：早餐是一天中最重要的一餐。经过一夜后，它为我们提供能量。 provide提供；offer提供。provide sb. with sth.、offer sb. sth./offer sth. to sb.为固定搭配；offer不能搭配with；offer搭配to时结构应为offer sth. to sb.；主语It是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填provides; with。 13．This movie is definitely ________ watching. The story is touching and the acting is excellent. A．worth B．worthy C．worthwhile D．worth to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这部电影绝对值得观看。故事感人，演技出色。 worth值得……的；worthy值得的；worthwhile值得做的；worth to无此搭配。根据“be ________ watching”可知，此处考查固定用法be worth doing sth.，意为“值得做某事”，worthy常接of，worthwhile常作表语或用于It is worthwhile句型。 14．—Will the students get paid for helping in the community garden? —No. it’s a ________ activity. But they can get service hours for school. A．voluntary B．weekly C．peaceful D．helpful 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——学生们在社区花园帮忙会得到报酬吗？——不。这是一项志愿活动，但他们可以为学校获得服务时长。voluntary志愿的；weekly每周的；peaceful和平的；helpful有帮助的。根据“No”及“but they can get service hours for school”可知，没有报酬而是赚取服务时间，因此是志愿活动，应填voluntary。 15．Volunteers stood at the school gate to ________ flyers to parents about the upcoming charity run. A．hand in B．hand out C．hand over D．hand down 【答案】B 【详解】句意：志愿者们站在学校门口向家长们分发关于即将到来的慈善跑的宣传单。 hand in上交；hand out分发；hand over移交；hand down传下来。根据“flyers”和“to parents”可知，志愿者是在向家长分发宣传单，hand out符合题意。 16．The old man ________ for ten years, but his children still miss him very much. A．died B．has died C．has been dead D．was dead 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位老人已经去世十年了，但他的孩子们仍然非常想念他。 根据时间状语for ten years可知，句子应用现在完成时，且谓语动词需具有延续性。die是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，需转化为be dead表示状态。结合选项，A、B项含短暂性动词die，D项为过去时，只有C项符合现在完成时且表示延续状态。 17．It is important for parents to ______ their children’s mental health as well as their physical health. A．care about B．care for C．care with D．care of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：父母关心孩子的心理健康以及身体健康是很重要的。 care about关心；care for照顾，喜欢；care with无此搭配；care of无此搭配（常用take care of）。根据“It is important for parents to...their children’s mental health as well as their physical health.”可知，此处强调父母对孩子身心健康的“关心”态度，而非单纯的照顾动作。应填care about。 18．Mr. Wang has taught English in this school ______ he graduated from university. A．for B．when C．since D．after 【答案】C 【详解】句意：王先生自从大学毕业以来就在这所学校教英语。 for“长达……时间”，后接一段时间；when“当……时候”；since“自从”；after“在……之后”。根据主句“has taught”是现在完成时，从句“graduated”是一般过去时，since+一般过去时从句是现在完成时的典型标志，表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在。 19．My sister ______ at the local library every Saturday to help children find books. A．risks B．practices C．volunteers D．discusses 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我姐姐每个星期六都在当地图书馆做志愿者，帮助孩子们找书。 risks冒险；practices练习；volunteers志愿做义务工作；discusses讨论。根据“to help children find books”，在图书馆帮助孩子找书通常是志愿行为，应填volunteers。 20．During the job interview, the ________ asked me about my previous work experience and my strengths. A．interviewee B．interviewer C．manager D．customer 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在求职面试期间，面试官询问了我关于之前的工作经验和优点。 interviewee被面试者；interviewer面试官；manager经理；customer顾客。根据“During the job interview”和“asked me about...”可知，在面试中负责提问的人是“面试官”。应填interviewer。 二、单词拼写 1．I think true friendship is worth ________ (keep) no matter how far apart we are. 【答案】keeping 【详解】句意：我认为无论相隔多远，真正的友谊都值得珍惜。be worth doing 表示”值得做某事”，所以keep变为动名词keeping 。 2．I was ________ (hike) in the mountains with some friends when it was raining heavily. 【答案】hiking 【详解】句意：下大雨的时候，我正和朋友们在山里徒步旅行。句中“when it was raining heavily.”且空前是“be动词”，表示“当某事发生时，另一个动作正在进行”。此处的was是过去进行时的助动词，后面需要接动词的现在分词形式，hike的现在分词形式为hiking，故填hiking。 3．The volunteers ________ (hand) out food to people in need many times. 【答案】have handed 【详解】句意：志愿者们已经多次向有需要的人分发食物。由many times和语境可知，此处动作从过去持续到现在，重复发生的动作，时态应用现在完成时。主语The volunteers为复数，助动词用have，所以应填have handed。 4．In his ________(young), Li Bai traveled across the country and wrote many great poems. 【答案】youth 【详解】句意：李白年轻时游历全国，写下了许多伟大的诗篇。固定搭配in one’s youth表示”在某人年轻时”，young的名词形式是youth 。 5．She has ________ (teach) the elderly how to use a mobile phone. 【答案】taught 【详解】句意：她教过老年人如何使用手机。句中“She has…”为现在完成时结构，提示应使用动词的过去分词形式，teach的过去分词为不规则变化taught。 6．Since they got there, she as well as her classmates ________ (receive) great kindness from the locals. 【答案】has received 【详解】句意：自从到达那里以来，她和同学们都受到了当地人的热情善待。since引导时间状语从句时，主句需使用现在完成时，其结构为：主语+have/has+过去分词。“as well as”表示“连同，和”，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就远原则，和距离谓语更远的主语“she”保持一致，因此助动词用has，即has received符合语境。 7．Reading is a great way _______ (reduce) stress and relax after a busy day. 【答案】to reduce 【详解】句意：阅读是在繁忙的一天后减轻压力和放松的好方法。句中“a great way”后接动词时，常用不定式作后置定语，表示“……的好方法”。因此，空格处应将动词reduce转换为不定式形式。reduce的不定式形式为to reduce，意为“减轻”，符合句意。 8．The lost key was _______ (surprising) found in the garden after ten years. 【答案】surprisingly 【详解】句意：丢失的钥匙十年后竟出人意料地在花园里被找到了。结合题干可知，此处需要用副词修饰动词found，形容词surprising的副词形式是surprisingly，表示“出人意料地”。 9．The teacher gave us some useful _______ (suggest) on how to choose a book for our report. 【答案】suggestions 【详解】句意：老师就如何为报告选书给我们提出了一些有用的建议。“useful”是形容词，因此空处应填名词作宾语。suggest的名词形式为suggestion，意为“建议”，是可数名词，根据“some”可知应用复数形式suggestions。 10．I think there must be a ________ (punish) if someone breaks the class rules. 【答案】punishment 【详解】句意：我认为如果有人违反班规，必须要有惩罚。空格前为不定冠词“a”，后需接可数名词单数。punish“惩罚”，动词，其名词形式为punishment，意为“惩罚”，符合句意和语法结构。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Ye Haitao, a 42-year-old man with paralysis (瘫痪) has helped over 300 children with school lessons for free over the last 20 years. When Ye was young, he dreamed to be a 1 , because he thought educating people was the greatest thing in the world. In 1993, 2 he was 16, he went to university. He studied hard to 3 himself for his dream. However, 4 got in the way (阻碍) of Ye’s study and life. In the second year of his university, he was so sick that he had to 5 his study. Day by day, he couldn’t walk, stand or even sit. He could only 6 in bed all day. One day some villagers came to Ye’s home 7 help. Many left-behind (留守) children in the village lived with their grandparents, but most of their grandparents could 8 write or read. These children really needed help with their schoolwork at home, so Ye 9 . Ye started helping these children in the summer of 1999. They don’t need to 10 anything for the tutoring (辅导). Sitting at desks around Ye’s bed, they always listen to Ye 11 . Many of Ye’s students have entered (进入) high schools and 12 become college students. Seeing the children improve 13 his help, Ye is quite happy. He knows he is doing a meaningful job. “It is the 14 of these children that keeps me doing this. I get a strong 15 of satisfaction when I see their smiling faces,” Ye says. 1．A．doctor B．scientist C．teacher 2．A．when B．while C．because 3．A．offer B．care C．improve 4．A．illness B．money C．grades 5．A．keep on B．give up C．take up 6．A．lie down B．take down C．cut down 7．A．about B．against C．for 8．A．usually B．hardly C．often 9．A．disagreed B．refused C．agreed 10．A．take B．pay C．spend 11．A．carefully B．suddenly C．bravely 12．A．just B．even C．ever 13．A．in B．with C．on 14．A．smile B．stress C．relation 15．A．risk B．cheat C．feeling 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．B 13．B 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了瘫痪的叶海涛免费辅导留守儿童长达20年。虽因病放弃学业，但看到孩子们进步，他深感满足，坚持做有意义的事。 【详解】1．句意：叶海涛年轻时梦想成为一名教师，因为他认为教育他人是世界上最伟大的事。 后文提到“他认为教育人是世界上最棒的事”，对应职业是老师，teacher“教师”，符合语境。 2．句意：1993年，当他16岁时，他上了大学。 此处表示“当他16岁时”，when可接表特定年龄/时间点的从句，符合用法；while多接延续性动作，because表原因不符合句意。 3．句意：他努力学习，为了实现梦想提升自己。 努力学习的目的是提升自己。improve“提高”，符合为梦想努力学习的逻辑。 4．句意：然而，疾病阻碍了叶海涛的学习和生活。 后文提到他病得很重，因此是疾病阻碍了他的学习生活。illness“疾病”，符合前后文的语境。 5．句意：大学第二年，他病得很重，不得不放弃学业。 身体原因使他无法继续学业，只能放弃。give up“放弃”，符合因病辍学的语境。 6．句意：他只能整天躺在床上。 他不能走路、站立甚至坐下，只能整天躺在床上。lie down“躺下”，符合卧病在床的语境。 7．句意：一天，一些村民来到叶家寻求帮助。 come for help为固定搭配，意为“来寻求帮助”，for表目的，符合语境。 8．句意：村里许多留守儿童和祖父母一起生活，但大多数祖父母几乎不会写字或读书。 孩子们需要功课帮助，原因是祖父母几乎不会读写，hardly“几乎不”，符合语境。 9．句意：这些孩子在家的功课真的需要帮助，所以叶海涛同意了。 后文提到叶海涛开始辅导孩子，说明他同意帮忙，agreed“同意”符合语境。 10．句意：他们不需要为辅导支付任何费用。 文章开头点明叶海涛免费辅导，因此孩子不需要付费。pay“支付”，符合语境。 11．句意：他们坐在床边，总是认真地听叶海涛讲课。 孩子们珍惜学习机会，听讲态度应是认真的，carefully“认真地”，符合认真听课的语境。 12．句意：叶海涛的许多学生考入高中，甚至成为了大学生。 此处表示递进关系，“甚至成为大学生”比“考上高中”更进一步，even“甚至”，符合语境。 13．句意：看到孩子们在他的帮助下进步，叶海涛非常开心。 with one’s help为固定搭配，意为“在某人的帮助下”， with符合语境。 14．句意：正是这些孩子的笑容让我坚持这么做。 后文叶海涛提到“看到他们的笑脸”，因此是孩子们的笑容支撑他坚持。smile“微笑、笑容”，符合语境。 15．句意：看到他们的笑脸，我有一种强烈的满足感。 a feeling of satisfaction为固定表达，意为“满足感”，feeling“感觉”，符合语境。 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Paper cuttings can bring joy and beauty to our world. People mostly make them 1 red paper because red is a special color in China. It means good luck and 2 (happy). These paper cuttings are put on walls, windows, doors, lanterns and so on. They can be both nice presents for friends 3 beautiful decorations for houses. People love paper cuttings because they carry our dreams and wishes. In the past, life was hard and people 4 (face) many difficulties. They had not enough money to see a doctor and quite small houses to live in. Sometimes bad things like 5 (earthquake), rainstorms or snowstorms happened. So they made paper cuttings to wish for a 6 (good) life than before. They hoped for wealth, health, and longevity (长寿). For example, during the Chinese New Year, people put the word “Fu” upside down (倒立) on 7 (they) doors. This is a fun way to say they hope for lots of blessings (祝福) to come. To make the day 8 (real) special, they use a red paper cutting with “Xi” when getting married (结婚). And you might see paper cuttings with “Shou” when the old have 9 birthday party. This is a nice way to wish them a long and healthy life. So paper cuttings are not just beautiful, but people also use them for 10 (carry) good wishes and hopes. Are you interested? 【答案】 1．of 2．happiness 3．and 4．faced 5．earthquakes 6．better 7．their 8．really 9．a 10．carrying 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了剪纸的寓意、制作材料、摆放位置及承载的美好愿望，并讲述剪纸在中国文化中的重要意义。 1．句意：人们大多用红纸来做剪纸，因为红色在中国是一种特殊的颜色。make sth. of sth.“用某物制作某物”，故填of。 2．句意：它代表好运和幸福。and连接并列名词，happy的名词形式是happiness“幸福”，不可数名词，故填happiness。 3．句意：它们既是送给朋友的精美礼物，也是装点房屋的漂亮装饰。both...and...“既……又……”，故填and。 4．句意：过去生活很艰难，人们面临许多困难。根据“In the past”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，face的过去式是faced，故填faced。 5．句意：有时会发生地震、暴雨或暴雪之类的坏事。earthquake“地震”是可数名词，表泛指用复数形式earthquakes，故填earthquakes。 6．句意：所以他们制作剪纸，希望过上比以前更好的生活。根据“So they made paper cuttings to wish for a...life than before”可知，than是比较级标志，此处应用good的比较级better，故填better。 7．句意：例如，春节期间，人们把“福”字倒贴在门上。修饰名词doors用形容词性物主代词their“他们的”，故填their。 8．句意：为了让婚礼这天真正特别，他们会用带有“喜”字的红色剪纸。修饰形容词special用副词really“真正地”，故填really。 9．句意：当老人举办生日派对时，你可能会看到带有“寿”字的剪纸。birthday party是可数名词单数，且birthday以辅音音素开头，故填a。 10．句意：所以剪纸不仅美观，人们还用它来传递美好的祝福和希望。介词for后接动名词，carry的动名词是carrying，故填carrying。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、任务型阅读 Minqin County (县) lies in the northeast of Hexi Corridor (走廊). As the county is between the Tengger and Badain Jaran deserts, it used to be one of China’s most sandy counties, with strong winds and sandstorms often hitting the area. This spring, tens of thousands of volunteers came to Minqin from all over the country. Their purpose is to plant trees with their own hands. Nearly 80 percent of them are young people aged from 20 to 35. They shared their stories online, making this small northwestern county with a population of 170,000 become well-known. Many people wonder why these young people choose to plant trees in Minqin. According to their comments, they get a strong sense of joy and power from the work. When planting young trees, they forget all their worries and feel peaceful and focused (专注). Some say the trees they plant grow with them, facing difficulties bravely just like they do. In videos online, these young people carry tools and trees, walking in a long line across the desert. Their action is not only about planting green, but also showing the sense of responsibility (责任) of young people. It is a meaningful journey. This is how young people turn responsibility into action. 根据短文内容回答下列问题，每题答案不超过6个词。 1．What often hits Minqin County? 2．Why did the volunteers come to Minqin? 3．How did volunteers make Minqin well-known? 4．What do the young people get from planting trees?   5．What does the writer think of the journey in the last paragraph?   【答案】1．Strong winds and sandstorms. 2．To plant trees. 3．By sharing their stories online./They shared their stories online. 4．A sense of joy and power. 5．Meaningful. 【导语】本文讲述了来自全国各地的年轻志愿者来到甘肃民勤县参与植树活动，他们通过线上分享故事让民勤受到关注，同时在植树中获得内心的平静与力量，也展现了当代青年的责任感。 【详解】1．根据原文第一段“it used to be one of China’s most sandy counties with strong winds and sandstorms often hitting the area”，可知民勤县常受大风和沙尘暴侵袭，答案直接提取原文即可。 2．根据原文第二段“Their purpose is to plant trees with their own hands”，可知志愿者的目的是亲手植树。 3．根据原文第二段“They shared their stories online, making this small northwestern county…become well-known”，可知志愿者通过在网上分享故事让民勤被熟知。 4．根据原文第三段“they get a strong sense of joy and power from the work”，可知年轻人从植树中获得快乐、力量。 5．根据原文最后一段“It is a meaningful journey”，可知作者认为这段旅程是有意义的，答案直接提取原文即可。 二、阅读理解 Reading is a good way to discover the wonderful world and to learn a little more about yourself. You may know how to find the best app for your phone, but do you know how to pick a book you’ll really like? Here are some tips. Start With Your Interests 1 You can pick something that you are interested in, whether it’s ancient martial arts, computers, or fashion design. You name it and there are plenty of books about it. What’s Your “Type”? 2 Fiction books can take you to another world or help you imagine something that you never experience. Non-fiction books give you who, what, when, and why of something. They tell stories using facts—but that doesn’t mean they’re not interesting. Find a Family Favorite What was your mother’s favourite book when she was your age or your dad’s? How about your brothers’ or sisters’? 3 Then you can share your thoughts with them about the book. Join the Club-Online or In Person Most social websites on the internet also have book-clubs. 4 Get them together and enjoy introductions of writers, poems and story types. Finally, you’ll probably enjoy what you’re reading a lot if you find a quiet place and make time for the book. 5 You can play some good music, get yourself some tea and let yourself be carried away by the book. You’ll see that time does fly when you’re reading something you love! A．Do you prefer fiction (小说) or non-fiction or both? B．Read book reviews in newspapers and magazines. C．Reading on your own isn’t like reading for school. D．Join a group with your friends and people you trust. E．Find out the book and give it a read. F．Most reading is best enjoyed while reading carefully. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．E 4．D 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何根据自己的兴趣、书籍类型、家人推荐、线上或线下读书俱乐部等方式，挑选并享受阅读一本好书。 1．根据后文“You can pick something that you are interested in, whether it’s ancient martial arts, computers, or fashion design.”可知，你可以挑自己感兴趣的，无论是古代武术，计算机，还是服装设计。C选项“自己读书和为了学业而读书是不同的。”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据后文“Fiction books can take you to another world or help you imagine something that you never experience.”可知，此处与小说有关。A选项“你喜欢小说还是非小说，还是两者都喜欢？”符合语境。故选A。 3．根据后文“Then you can share your thoughts with them about the book.”可知，然后你可以和他们分享你对这本书的想法。E选项“找出这本书，读一读。”符合语境。故选E。 4．根据前文“Most social websites on the internet also have book-clubs.”可知，此处与加入一些读书俱乐部有关。D选项“与你信任的朋友和人一起加入一个小组。”符合语境。故选D。 5．根据前文“Finally, you’ll probably enjoy what you’re reading a lot if you find a quiet place and make time for the book.”和后文“You can play some good music, get yourself some tea and let yourself be carried away by the book.”可知，此处应该是要营造一种适合阅读的氛围去享受阅读。F选项“大多数阅读最好是在仔细阅读的时候享受。”符合语境。故选F。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $