Unit 8 Making a Difference 语法：现在完成时（讲义 + 专项训练）- 2025-2026学年人教版八年级下册英语

该初中英语讲义以人教版八年级下册Unit 8“Making a Difference”为主题，通过表格对比、分类归纳等方式系统构建现在完成时知识体系。表格清晰呈现have been to/have gone to/have been in的用法区别，for与since的时间状语转换，以及延续性与非延续性动词分类，梳理核心语法脉络与重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计与思维品质培养，涵盖动词填空（如“die→has been dead”转换）、单选（如“borrow→keep”延续性变化）、句型转换（如否定句、合并句子）等题型，精准训练语言运用能力。通过错题高频考点（如非延续性动词转换）和方法指导（时间状语转换技巧），帮助不同层次学生提升学习能力，为教师实施精准复习教学提供有效支持。

Unit8 Making a Difference 现在完成时专项练习【答案+逐题解析】 一、用所给动词的正确形式填空（20题） 答案+解析 1. has become 解析：since引导过去时从句，主句现在完成；Tom三单，用has done。 2. has blown 解析：for three hours持续时长，现在完成；blow→blown。 3. given 解析：has+过去分词构成现在完成，give→given。 4. has had 解析：since two years ago自从两年前，现在完成；have拥有，三单has had。 5. there have been 解析：for some years多年，there be现在完成：there have been。 6. has tried 解析：since+过去从句，主语government单数，has tried。 7. trained 解析：has+done，train→trained。 8. taught 解析：has+done，teach→taught。 9. collected 解析：already现在完成标志，collect→collected。 10. have learned / have learnt 解析：since+过去从句，students复数，have done。 11. has helped 解析：since从句，Mr Wu单数，has helped。 12. have been 解析：since 2021，I作主语，have been；be a member延续。 13. have been；since 解析：第一空for six years现在完成have been；第二空since+从句，自从加入。 14. has trained 解析：since three years ago，organization单数，has trained。 15. haven’t seen 解析：for quite a long time很长时间，否定现在完成I haven’t seen。 16. has been dead 解析：for 40 years时间段，die瞬间动词变延续be dead，has been dead。 17. haven’t heard 解析：for 3 months，现在完成否定；hear from收到来信。 18. has been；came 解析：since从句用一般过去came；主句现在完成has been。 19. married 解析：since后接一般过去时，marry→married。 20. has been 解析：固定句型It has been +时间段+since从句，自从上次见面已经三年。 二、单项选择（20题） 1. A 解析：when提问搬家时间；since two years ago主句现在完成have lived；move短暂不能接since。 2. B 解析：for many years现在完成have been popular with受…欢迎；后半now单数is popular for因…出名。 3. B 解析：for two weeks时间段，borrow短暂变延续keep；have kept。 4. B 解析：for five minutes，start→be on延续；has been on电影已经上映5分钟。 5. D 解析：for ten minutes，现在完成进行时have been attending，从过去持续到现在还在上网课。 6. B 解析：how long提问持续时长，buy/borrow短暂，用keep延续。 7. C 解析：for ten years，die→be dead延续；has been dead。 8. D 解析：since+过去时间点（五年前小学毕业），主句现在完成。 9. A 解析：since they came last month，现在完成have visited。 10. C 解析：since three years ago，现在完成have planted。 11. D 解析：for four years，leave短暂→be away from；have been away from。 12. B 解析：two years作整体复数，have passed；since从句一般过去joined。 13. C 解析：since 40 minutes ago持续待在某地；has been in一直在大厅；has gone to去了未回。 14. D 解析：last month过去式borrowed；for too long用延续have kept。 15. B 解析：ever曾经，现在完成Have been to去过某地。 16. A 解析：How long现在完成，be a volunteer延续；have been。 17. A 解析：2020年份时间点，since+时间点；for+时间段。 18. C 解析：have+done，know→known。 19. A 解析：since+从句（开始做志愿），现在完成标志。 20. D 解析：since换工作后，become短暂→be；has been a teacher。 三、句型转换（10题） 1. hasn’t；yet 解析：现在完成否定hasn’t+过去分词；already变yet放句末。 2. Has；been；Yes；has 解析：现在完成一般疑问Has+主语+been；肯定Yes,he has。 3. Mr Smith has taught math since he came to our school in 2025. 解析：since连接，主句现在完成，从句一般过去。 4. has been；since 解析：live延续，has been in Beijing；since+过去从句。 5. Tina has been in Xi’an for seven days. 解析：came瞬间变be in，for+时间段，现在完成。 6. have had；for 解析：buy→have延续；I have had this bike for five years。 7. Has；had 解析：现在完成一般疑问，Has+主语+had。 8. How long 解析：for two years时间段提问用How long。 9. has been；since 解析：fall ill→be ill延续；has been ill since Monday。 10. have had；two hours 解析：buy→have延续；for two hours。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版（2024）八年级下册Unit 8 Making a Difference 语法：现在完成时核心语法总结 + 专项训练 现在完成时语法总结 概述：现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今，还可能继续下去。此时常与for或since引导的时间状语(从句)连用。现在完成时也常用 have/has been to. have/has gone to 与 have/has been 等表示经历。 have been to, have gone to 与 have been in 的用法区别 易混词组 用法 例句 have been to 表示到过某地，说明去过某地，说话时已经回来了。 Tom has been to Beijing three times. have gone to 说明去某地了，说话时还没有回来。 —Hello, May I speak to Mr. Black?—Sorry, he has gone to Shanghai. have been in 意为 “已经待在”，表示一直在某地，强调状态。 My teacher has been in the city for two years. for与since的用法 表示 “未完成” 的句式 例句 现在完成时 + for + 一段时间 We have known each other for twenty years. 现在完成时 + since + 表示过去的时间点 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 现在完成时 + since + 从句 I have lived here since I was born. 用法 ◇ for通常与时间段连用，表示动作或状态持续的时间长度； ◇ since则与时间点或从句连用，表示动作或状态开始的时间点。 ◇ for与since引导的时间状语可以进行相互转换。for+一段时间= since +时间+ago My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这家工厂工作已经五年了。 =My uncle has worked at this factory since five years ago. 我叔叔从五年前就在这家工厂工作了。 注意：此种用法中表示动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词，提问可以用 how long。 How long have you had that bike? —I’ve had it for three years. 你这辆自行车买了多久了？ 我已经买了三年了。 延续性动词与非延续性动词 延续性动词：表示能够持续的动作，强调经过、经历，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 常见的延续性动词有: work, live, wait, study, learn, do, write, read, drive, sleep, sit, stand, fly, walk, keep, lie, talk… 非延续性动词：表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，不能持续，非常短暂，强调行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。非延续性动词也叫终止性动词、瞬间动词。 常见的非延续性动词有: start, begin, finish, end, come, go, leave, find, hear, reach, arrive, enter, stop, open, close, join, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, lose, die… 人教版八年级下册Unit 8现在完成时专项练习题 一、用所给动词的正确形式填空（每空2分，共40分） 1．Since he was allowed to do what he likes on weekends, Tom ________ (become) much happier and more confident. 2．The wind ________ (blow) for three hours, and it is still strong. 3．He has ________ (give) directions to many lost visitors at the stadium. 4．Since two years ago, our school _________ (have) an interesting reading club. 5．For some years now, ________ (there be) government programmes, and now there is a big project. 6．The government ________ (try) its best to help the people there since the earthquake happened last week. 7．The organization has ________ (train) over 1,000 volunteers since 2020. 8．My mother has ________ (teach) English in this school since she graduated. 9．They have already ________ (collect) three bags of waste from the beach. 10．Most students in our class ________ (learn) English since they were in Grade Three. 11．Mr Wu ________ (help) many students since he started working at the primary school. 12．I ________ (be) a member of the Red Cross since 2021. 13．I ________ (be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I’ve made a lot of friends ________ I joined the organization. 14．The organization ________ (train) over 6,000 volunteers since it began to offer classes three years ago. 15．I ________ (not see) a single piece of garbage on the water for quite a long time. 16．The scholar’s influence is still strong though he ________ (die) for 40 years. 17．I ________ (not hear) from my best friend for 3 months. I miss him very much. 18．Mr White ________ (be) a member of Greener China since he ________ (come) to China. 19．Mr. Wang has been in Sanya for a holiday since he ________ (marry) Mrs. Wang last week. 20.It ________ (be) three years since I last met my primary school classmates. 二、单项选择（每小题2分，共40分） ( )1．—Daniel, ________ did you move here with your parents? —We ________ here since two years ago. A．when, have lived B．how long, lived C．how long, have moved D．when, moved ( )2．These traditional folk songs ________ local people for many years, while that new song ________ its beautiful melody all over the city now. A．are popular with; is popular for B．have been popular with; is popular for C．have been popular with; are popular for D．are popular with; are popular for ( )3．I ________ this book for two weeks. I have to return it to the library today. A．have borrowed B．have kept C．borrowed D．kept ( )4．Simon, hurry up! The movie ________ for five minutes. A．has started B．has been on C．has finished D．has been over ( )5．—Hey, are you busy? I need your help with this coding problem. —Sorry, I can’t help you right now. I _______ my online history class for ten minutes. A.have attended B．attended C．was attending D．have been attending ( )6．—How long have you ________ this computer? —It’s two weeks since I bought it. A．borrowed B．kept C．bought D．bad ( )7．The old man ________ for ten years, but his children still miss him very much. A．died B．has died C．has been dead D．was dead ( )8．I haven’t seen my best friend ________ we graduated from primary school five years ago. A．for B．after C．before D．since ( )9．—Does your friend John enjoy his stay in Wuxi? —Yes. He and his parents ______ some great tourist attractions since they came last month. A．have visited B．will visit C．visited D．are visiting ( )10．The volunteers ________ many trees since the project started three years ago. A．plant B．planted C．have planted D．were planting ( )11．—When did you go to middle school? —Four years ago. I ________ my primary school for four years. A.am away from B．left C．was away from D．have been away from ( )12．It’s said that two years ________ since he _______ the party. A．has past; joined B．have passed; joined C．has passed; joins D．have passed; has joined ( )13．Our teacher isn’t in the office. She ______ the school hall since 40 minutes ago and the show is still going on. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in D．has gone into ( )14．I ________ a book from the library last month. I have to return it today because I ________ it for too long. A．lent; have kept B．borrowed; have borrowed C．lent; have lent D．borrowed; have kept ( )15．—________ you ever ________ to an animal shelter? —Yes, I have. I went there last week. A．Did; go B．Have; been C．Do; go D．Are; going ( )16．How long ________ you ________ a volunteer at the nursing home? A．have; been B．did; be C．are; being D．were; being ( )17．Alan and Jimmy have known each other________ 2020. A．since B．for C．from ( )18．They have ________ each other since they were children. A．know B．knew C．known D．knowed ( )19．They have helped out at many sports events ________ they started volunteering. A．since B．for C．when D．while ( )20．He was a doctor 5 years ago. However, he ________ a teacher since he changed his job. A．became B．will become C．was D．has been 三、句型转换（每小题2分，共20分） 1．Rose has already cleaned the cages. （改为否定句） Rose ________ cleaned the cages ________. 2．He has been a volunteer for the Red Cross for five years. （改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） — ________ he ________ a volunteer for the Red Cross for five years? — ________, he ________. 3．Mr. Smith teaches math. He came to our school in 2025. (since) (用现在完成时合并句子) _______________________________________________________ 4．He lived in Beijing. He came here ten years ago. (合并成一句) He ________ in Beijing ________ he came here ten years ago. 5．Tina is in Xi’an. She came here seven days ago. (for) ________________________________ 6．I bought this bike five years ago. (改为现在完成时) I ________ ________ this bike ________ five years. 7．Linda has had the bike for two years. （改为一般疑问句） ________ Linda ________ the bike for two years? 8．He has learned English for about five years. （对画线部分提问） ________ ________ has he learned English? 9．Linda is ill. She fell ill on Monday. (合并为一句) Linda ________ ________ ill ________ Monday. 10．I bought a pen two hours ago. (短暂性动词转换为延续性动词) I ________ ________ a pen for ________ ________. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $