专题03 非谓语动词（期末复习讲义）高二英语下学期沪外版

专题03 非谓语动词（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1.掌握非谓语动词三种基本形式：to do /doing/done 的构成与基本含义。 2.理解非谓语在句中所作成分：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语。 3.能根据主被动、时间先后正确选用非谓语形式。 4.掌握固定搭配与易错结构，能在语法填空、写作中规范使用。 复习难点： 1.非谓语的逻辑主语与主被动关系判断。 2.to do 与 doing 作主语、宾语的区别。 3.非谓语的完成式、被动式理解与运用。 考情规律 语法填空：必考 1–2 题，考查非谓语形式、固定搭配、主被动判断。 写作：用非谓语升级句式，使表达简洁高级，是高分句型之一。 第一部分 非谓语动词思路点拨 当句中已有谓语动词，空格前又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列时，所给动词要填非谓语动词。此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用其具体形式(doing, done, to do)。 第二部分 非谓语动词考点归纳 考点1不定式 一、四种时态语态形式 1. 一般式 to do：动作在主句谓语之后/同步发生 He intended to take part in the national English competition. 2. 进行式 to be doing：不定式与主句谓语同步正在进行 They seemed to be discussing the plan for environmental protection. 3. 完成式 to have done：不定式动作早于主句谓语 He is said to have contributed a lot to the local rural development. 4. 被动式 to be done：不定式逻辑主语为动作承受者 The new road is planned to be completed by the end of next year. 否定结构：not to do She decided not to give up the chance of further study abroad. 二、充当六大句子成分 1. 作主语（常改用it作形式主语，高考写作必考句型） ① To master grammar well takes consistent daily practice. ② It is vital for teenagers to develop good reading habits. 常用句式：It + be + adj./n. + for/of sb to do It is a great honour to be invited to attend the opening ceremony. 2. 作动词宾语 (1) 只接to do作宾语动词：hope/decide/refuse/afford/promise/plan/pretend/fail Most students hope to achieve their goals through continuous efforts. The manager refused to accept the unreasonable requirement. (2) 疑问词+to do（宾语简化，单选常考） The freshmen haven’t figured out how to balance study and after-school activities. 3. 作宾语补足语 ① 带to：ask/encourage/allow/invite/force/require sb to do Teachers always encourage us to think independently in class. ② 省to（主动：make/let/have；感官see/watch/hear/feel，被动必须还原to，重难点） Active sports make us keep energetic. We were made to finish the task ahead of schedule. 4. 后置定语（修饰名词，表用途、将要发生） I still have piles of review papers to finish before the monthly exam. The best way to improve listening is to practise every day. 5. 作状语（目的、结果、原因三类） ① 目的状语：to do / in order to do（so as to不能放句首） To cut down living costs, many citizens choose to buy seasonal vegetables. ② 结果状语：only to do（意外坏结果）；too…to… / enough to do He rushed to the airport, only to be told the flight had been put off. The girl is mature enough to deal with personal troubles on her own. ③ 原因状语：be glad/sad/shocked/pleased to do We were shocked to hear the news of the sudden natural disaster. 6. 作表语（主语与不定式内容对等） Our main task this term is to strengthen the foundation of English grammar. 三、高频特殊考点 1. 形容词主动表被动：easy/hard/difficult/comfortable + to do（末尾介词不可漏） The small village is hard to reach without convenient public transport. 2. 固定短语 - have no choice but to do 别无选择只好做 We had no choice but to put off the outdoor sports meeting due to heavy rain. - would rather do…than do… 宁愿…不愿… I would rather read classics than waste time on meaningless short videos. - had better (not) do 最好（不）做 You’d better take notes while listening to the English lecture. 3. 易混易错：to为介词，后接doing（不接原形，单选易错点） look forward to / devote…to / be used to(习惯于) / stick to + doing All students are looking forward to receiving the exam results. 考点2动词的现在分词 1．动词-ing形式作主语(doing/being done作主语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动) (1)动名词短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首。 Playing cellphone games is his favourite. 玩手机游戏是他的最爱。 (2)有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good doing sth.结构中。 It is no use trying to persuade such a stubborn person. 想要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的。 2．动词-ing形式作宾语(doing/being done作宾语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动) (1)动词-ing 形式可以作介词的宾语 I help Mum out by doing the housework that I can do. 我通过做力所能及的家务活帮助妈妈。 注意：以下短语中to 都是介词 be used to doing习惯于　object to 反对　devote oneself to 致力于　stick to坚持　 pay attention to注意　look forward to期盼　adapt to适应　adjust to 使适应于　owe...to归咎于　be addicted to对……上瘾 (2)动词-ing形式可以作某些及物动词的宾语，只跟动名词(doing)作宾语的动词有： mind(介意)，miss(错过)，mention(提到)，enjoy(喜欢)，escape(逃避)，practise(练习)，postpone(推迟)，permit(允许)，suggest(建议)，stand(bear，tolerate)(忍受)，consider(考虑)，keep(保持)，avoid(避免)，admit(承认)，advise(建议)，allow(允许)，appreciate(感激)，risk(冒险)，resist(抵制)，recommend(建议)，finish(完成)，forbid(禁止)，imagine(想象)，dislike(不喜欢)，delay(延迟)，quit(放弃)，deny(否认) The thief kept running to avoid/escape being caught by the police. 小偷不停地跑以避免/逃避被警察抓住。 3．动词-ing形式作表语 (1)doing作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。(此时doing 名词意义较强，doing/being done作表语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动) My hobby is reading books. 我的兴趣爱好是读书。 (2)如果是和情绪相关的动词-ing形式则形容词意义较强，表示“令人……的”，往往物作主语。如：amazing，boring，confusing，disappointing，exciting，frightening 等等。 The news is surprising. 这则消息令人吃惊。 4．动词-ing形式作定语(当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系且动作正在进行时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done) (1)单个的动词-ing 形式作定语，放在被修饰词之前。 falling leaves正在落下的树叶　a sleeping child睡着的孩子 a swimming pool游泳池　(动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能) 5．动词-ing形式作状语 Walking in the street，I came across an old friend. 走在大街上，我碰到一个老朋友。 已经排了两小时的队，这个老人变得不耐烦了。 6．动词-ing形式作宾补 现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，结构为vt.＋sb./sth.＋doing...。可以用于此结构的动词(短语)有：“一感一抓一发现，二听四让和五看”(feel，catch，find，listen to/hear，have/keep/get/leave，see/watch/look at/observe/notice) When I left school，I saw them playing basketball on the playground. 当我离开学校时，我看到他们在操场上打篮球。 考点3动词的过去分词 作定语 过去分词作定语，如果是单个的词，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。如果是过去分词短语作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后。 a broken cup 一只打破的杯子(被动) badly-built house 修得很差的房子（完成） 2．作表语 The library is now closed. (过去分词作表语) 注意 过去分词作表语与v-ing形式作表语的区别。interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten等通常用其过去分词来修饰人，用v-ing形式来修饰物。 The book is interesting and I’m interested in it. We are excited at the news. 3．作宾语补足语: 过去分词作宾补，和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，要注意与动词不定式、v-ing形式作宾补的区别。 能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词: (1) 表示感觉或心理状态的动词，如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。 I heard the song sung in English。 (2) 表示“使，致使”意义的词。如:have, make, get, keep, leave等。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 4．作状语。 过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句主语，且与主句主语构成被动关系。 1. 作时间状语 相当于时间状语从句；可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until” 等，使其时间意义更明确。 Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 从山上看，这个公园非常美丽。 (=When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.) 2. 作原因状语 相当于原因状语从句或并列结构从句。 Touched by his teacher’s words, the boy cried. 这个男孩被老师的话打动了，所以他哭了。 (=The boy was touched by his teacher’s words, so he cried.) 3. 作条件状语 相当于条件状语从句；可加连词if, unless等转换成条件状语从句。 Given more time, we could do it much better. 多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好。 (=If we were given more time, we could do it much better.) 4. 作让步状语 相当于让步状语从句；有时可加although, though, even if, even though, whether…or…等连词转换成让步状语从句。 Warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields. 尽管农民们已被告知将有暴风雨，但他们仍然在地里干活。 (= Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.) 5. 作方式伴随状语 加and 可转换成并列结构从句。 The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of his students.老师走进教室, 后面跟着一群学生。 (=The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of his students.) 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1．A tech company created a screen-free smartphone that allows kids (chat) with loved ones without the distractions of a touchscreen. 2．Our committee has a major role (play) in maintaining air and water quality. 3．The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream (admit) to my favorite university will come true. 4．My English teacher is my role model, who has influenced me (take) up the position as a teacher. 5．I was so tired that I fell asleep on the bus, waking up (find) the bus had already passed my stop. 6．There are several environmental campaigns (hold) in our school next semester, including a tree-planting day. 7．Instead, she recommends (apply) a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility”, ... 8．We need to find a more effective approach to (solve) this environmental problem. 9．Feeling guilty for (let) her best friend down, she spent the whole night preparing an apology gift. (用括号词的适当形式填空) 10．Complaining about problems makes no difference to (solve) them; taking action is better. 11． (devote) themselves to protecting the environment, the volunteers have made a big difference in local areas. 12．We accessed the wall through the South Gate.The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people (move) inside and outside the City Wall. 13．The sudden flood swept through the town, (ruin) many historical buildings and turning them into ruins. 14． (abandon) prejudice, we respect all civilizations equally. 15．The southern region was hit by a severe flood last summer, (claim) more than 50 lives. 16．She chatted with her family, (relate) her interesting travel experience to her family after returning home. 17． (locate) in the heart of the city, the library attracts countless readers who are eager to improve themselves every day. 18．No longer (limit) to prescriptions taken in times of sickness, it now appears in coffee cups, bread baskets and takeaway drinks, taking on a wholly new look. 19． (expose) to sunlight for too long, the ancient manuscripts have become seriously faded and fragile. 20．The article (publish) in yesterday’s newspaper has already been read by thousands of people. 21． (expose) to different cultures from childhood, she has a more open attitude towards new things. (所给词的正确形式填空) 22．The ancient site (unearth) now may hold priceless historical information about a lost civilization. 23．With all the tasks (finish) ahead of schedule, they decided to have a picnic to relax. 24．With a heavy workload piling up, she found her concentration (distract) easily by the slightest noise outside the window. 25． (possess) strong communication skills, she is always popular among her colleagues. 26．What if she fails (qualify) as a cultural heritage guide — will she try again or change her direction? 27．When I traveled to the countryside, I found myself (chase) fireflies in the field with the local teenagers at midnight. 28．The engineer plans (seek) solutions to the water pollution in the pond. 29．The team has members of different ages, (range) from 20-year-old graduates to 50-year-old experts. 30．Never (back) down from challenges, the young athlete finally won the championship after years of hard training. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 31．1931年，亚当斯成为第一名获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。 (the first...to do sth. ) In 1931, Addams became the first American woman ________________. 32．我问母亲是否需要养只狗来作伴。 I asked my mother if she would like a dog to ________ ________ ________. 33．我写信为下周末不能和你一起游览北京而道歉。(一句多译) (1)I’m writing to ________ with you next weekend. (apologise) (2) I’m writing to ________ with you next weekend. (apology) 34．他坚持要到车站来接我，这使我感动得差点哭出来。 He ________, which nearly moved me to tears. 35．上个月离世的那位老人是一位善良的老师。 The old man ________ ________ last month was a kind teacher. 36．我来到美国后, 发现自己生活在完全陌生的文化中。 (find+宾语+宾语补足语) After I arrived in America, I_______________. 37．他们的车遇上了交通堵塞, 因而耽搁了时间。 (动词-ing形式作结果状语) Their car was caught in a traffic jam, ________________. 38．汤姆不得不在这个喧闹的演讲厅里提高声音以使自己被听到。 Tom had to raise his voice to ________________ in this noisy lecture hall. 39．为了学好英语，我们应该寻找机会尽可能多地听别人说英语。 To learn English well, we should find opportunities to ________________ as much as we can. 40．玛丽埋头于她的毕业论文，没有时间做兼职工作。(一句多译) (1)________ in her graduation paper, Mary had no time to do a part-time job. (2)________ herself in her graduation paper, Mary had no time to do a part-time job. (3)Because Mary ________ her graduation paper, she had no time to do a part-time job. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How Horseshoe Crabs Save Lives Anytime a foreign object or substance enters the human body, there’s a risk of introducing infection. 41 you’ve had vaccination, an intravenous treatment, a surgery of any kind, or had a medical device 42 (implant) in your body, you owe your very survival to the horseshoe crab. Horseshoe crabs have copper-rich blood 43 appears to be striking blue in color. Proteins in the horseshoe crab’s blood cells are released in response to even 44 (small) amount of bacterial endotoxin, such as E. coli. The presence of bacteria causes horseshoe crab blood to clot or gel, part of its hypersensitive immune response system. In 45 1960s, two researchers, Frederick Bang and Jack Levin, developed a method of using these coagulation (凝结) factors to test for contamination of medical devices. By 1970, their Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test was being used commercially 46 (make) sure everything from scalpels to artificial hips could safely be introduced into the human body. 47 such testing is crucial to safe medical treatments, the practice has taken a toll on horseshoe crab populations. Horseshoe crab blood is in high demand, and the medical testing industry catches as many as 500,000 horseshoe crabs each year to drain them of their blood. The crabs aren’t killed outright in the process; they 48 (catch), bled, and released. But biologists suspect the stress results in a percentage of the released horseshoe crabs 49 (die) once they are put back in the water. The International Union on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources lists the Atlantic horseshoe crab 50 vulnerable, just one category below endangered in the extinction risk scale. Fortunately, management practices are now in place to protect the species. Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Few Minutes of Brisk (快速的) Activity Walking from room to room, running up and down stairs to deliver folded laundry, or taking a jog around the block ... What if you 51 look at all the things you do daily and know which ones best help or hurt your brain? A recent study attempted to answer that question by 52 (tie) activity monitors to the legs of nearly 4,500 people in the United Kingdom and tracking their 24-hour movements for seven days. Researchers then examined 53 participants’ behavior affected their short-term memory, problem-solving and processing skills. Here’s the good news. People who spent “even small amounts of time in more vigorous activities — as little as six to nine minutes — 54 (compare) with sitting, sleeping or gentle activities had 55 (high), cognition (认知) scores,” said study author John Mitchell. Moderate physical activity is typically defined as brisk walking or cycling or running up and down stairs. Vigorous movement   56 (range) from jogging, swimming to biking up a hill, basically any activity 57 is able to boost your heart rate and breathing. The study found that doing just under 10 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity each day led to improvements in study participants’ working memory. In addition, 10 minutes of such activity had its biggest impact on executive processes  such 58 planning and organization. The cognitive improvement was modest, but as additional time   59 (spend) doing the more energetic workout the benefits grew, Mitchell said. “Given we don’t monitor participants’ cognition over many years, this may be simply   60 those individuals who move more tend to have higher cognition on average,” he said. “However, yes, it could also imply that even minimal changes to our daily lives can have downstream consequences for our cognition.” 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 非谓语动词（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1.掌握非谓语动词三种基本形式：to do /doing/done 的构成与基本含义。 2.理解非谓语在句中所作成分：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语。 3.能根据主被动、时间先后正确选用非谓语形式。 4.掌握固定搭配与易错结构，能在语法填空、写作中规范使用。 复习难点： 1.非谓语的逻辑主语与主被动关系判断。 2.to do 与 doing 作主语、宾语的区别。 3.非谓语的完成式、被动式理解与运用。 考情规律 语法填空：必考 1–2 题，考查非谓语形式、固定搭配、主被动判断。 写作：用非谓语升级句式，使表达简洁高级，是高分句型之一。 第一部分 非谓语动词思路点拨 当句中已有谓语动词，空格前又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列时，所给动词要填非谓语动词。此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用其具体形式(doing, done, to do)。 第二部分 非谓语动词考点归纳 考点1不定式 一、四种时态语态形式 1. 一般式 to do：动作在主句谓语之后/同步发生 He intended to take part in the national English competition. 2. 进行式 to be doing：不定式与主句谓语同步正在进行 They seemed to be discussing the plan for environmental protection. 3. 完成式 to have done：不定式动作早于主句谓语 He is said to have contributed a lot to the local rural development. 4. 被动式 to be done：不定式逻辑主语为动作承受者 The new road is planned to be completed by the end of next year. 否定结构：not to do She decided not to give up the chance of further study abroad. 二、充当六大句子成分 1. 作主语（常改用it作形式主语，高考写作必考句型） ① To master grammar well takes consistent daily practice. ② It is vital for teenagers to develop good reading habits. 常用句式：It + be + adj./n. + for/of sb to do It is a great honour to be invited to attend the opening ceremony. 2. 作动词宾语 (1) 只接to do作宾语动词：hope/decide/refuse/afford/promise/plan/pretend/fail Most students hope to achieve their goals through continuous efforts. The manager refused to accept the unreasonable requirement. (2) 疑问词+to do（宾语简化，单选常考） The freshmen haven’t figured out how to balance study and after-school activities. 3. 作宾语补足语 ① 带to：ask/encourage/allow/invite/force/require sb to do Teachers always encourage us to think independently in class. ② 省to（主动：make/let/have；感官see/watch/hear/feel，被动必须还原to，重难点） Active sports make us keep energetic. We were made to finish the task ahead of schedule. 4. 后置定语（修饰名词，表用途、将要发生） I still have piles of review papers to finish before the monthly exam. The best way to improve listening is to practise every day. 5. 作状语（目的、结果、原因三类） ① 目的状语：to do / in order to do（so as to不能放句首） To cut down living costs, many citizens choose to buy seasonal vegetables. ② 结果状语：only to do（意外坏结果）；too…to… / enough to do He rushed to the airport, only to be told the flight had been put off. The girl is mature enough to deal with personal troubles on her own. ③ 原因状语：be glad/sad/shocked/pleased to do We were shocked to hear the news of the sudden natural disaster. 6. 作表语（主语与不定式内容对等） Our main task this term is to strengthen the foundation of English grammar. 三、高频特殊考点 1. 形容词主动表被动：easy/hard/difficult/comfortable + to do（末尾介词不可漏） The small village is hard to reach without convenient public transport. 2. 固定短语 - have no choice but to do 别无选择只好做 We had no choice but to put off the outdoor sports meeting due to heavy rain. - would rather do…than do… 宁愿…不愿… I would rather read classics than waste time on meaningless short videos. - had better (not) do 最好（不）做 You’d better take notes while listening to the English lecture. 3. 易混易错：to为介词，后接doing（不接原形，单选易错点） look forward to / devote…to / be used to(习惯于) / stick to + doing All students are looking forward to receiving the exam results. 考点2动词的现在分词 1．动词-ing形式作主语(doing/being done作主语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动) (1)动名词短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首。 Playing cellphone games is his favourite. 玩手机游戏是他的最爱。 (2)有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good doing sth.结构中。 It is no use trying to persuade such a stubborn person. 想要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的。 2．动词-ing形式作宾语(doing/being done作宾语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动) (1)动词-ing 形式可以作介词的宾语 I help Mum out by doing the housework that I can do. 我通过做力所能及的家务活帮助妈妈。 注意：以下短语中to 都是介词 be used to doing习惯于　object to 反对　devote oneself to 致力于　stick to坚持　 pay attention to注意　look forward to期盼　adapt to适应　adjust to 使适应于　owe...to归咎于　be addicted to对……上瘾 (2)动词-ing形式可以作某些及物动词的宾语，只跟动名词(doing)作宾语的动词有： mind(介意)，miss(错过)，mention(提到)，enjoy(喜欢)，escape(逃避)，practise(练习)，postpone(推迟)，permit(允许)，suggest(建议)，stand(bear，tolerate)(忍受)，consider(考虑)，keep(保持)，avoid(避免)，admit(承认)，advise(建议)，allow(允许)，appreciate(感激)，risk(冒险)，resist(抵制)，recommend(建议)，finish(完成)，forbid(禁止)，imagine(想象)，dislike(不喜欢)，delay(延迟)，quit(放弃)，deny(否认) The thief kept running to avoid/escape being caught by the police. 小偷不停地跑以避免/逃避被警察抓住。 3．动词-ing形式作表语 (1)doing作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。(此时doing 名词意义较强，doing/being done作表语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动) My hobby is reading books. 我的兴趣爱好是读书。 (2)如果是和情绪相关的动词-ing形式则形容词意义较强，表示“令人……的”，往往物作主语。如：amazing，boring，confusing，disappointing，exciting，frightening 等等。 The news is surprising. 这则消息令人吃惊。 4．动词-ing形式作定语(当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系且动作正在进行时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done) (1)单个的动词-ing 形式作定语，放在被修饰词之前。 falling leaves正在落下的树叶　a sleeping child睡着的孩子 a swimming pool游泳池　(动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能) 5．动词-ing形式作状语 Walking in the street，I came across an old friend. 走在大街上，我碰到一个老朋友。 已经排了两小时的队，这个老人变得不耐烦了。 6．动词-ing形式作宾补 现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，结构为vt.＋sb./sth.＋doing...。可以用于此结构的动词(短语)有：“一感一抓一发现，二听四让和五看”(feel，catch，find，listen to/hear，have/keep/get/leave，see/watch/look at/observe/notice) When I left school，I saw them playing basketball on the playground. 当我离开学校时，我看到他们在操场上打篮球。 考点3动词的过去分词 作定语 过去分词作定语，如果是单个的词，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。如果是过去分词短语作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后。 a broken cup 一只打破的杯子(被动) badly-built house 修得很差的房子（完成） 2．作表语 The library is now closed. (过去分词作表语) 注意 过去分词作表语与v-ing形式作表语的区别。interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten等通常用其过去分词来修饰人，用v-ing形式来修饰物。 The book is interesting and I’m interested in it. We are excited at the news. 3．作宾语补足语: 过去分词作宾补，和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，要注意与动词不定式、v-ing形式作宾补的区别。 能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词: (1) 表示感觉或心理状态的动词，如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。 I heard the song sung in English。 (2) 表示“使，致使”意义的词。如:have, make, get, keep, leave等。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 4．作状语。 过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句主语，且与主句主语构成被动关系。 1. 作时间状语 相当于时间状语从句；可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until” 等，使其时间意义更明确。 Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 从山上看，这个公园非常美丽。 (=When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.) 2. 作原因状语 相当于原因状语从句或并列结构从句。 Touched by his teacher’s words, the boy cried. 这个男孩被老师的话打动了，所以他哭了。 (=The boy was touched by his teacher’s words, so he cried.) 3. 作条件状语 相当于条件状语从句；可加连词if, unless等转换成条件状语从句。 Given more time, we could do it much better. 多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好。 (=If we were given more time, we could do it much better.) 4. 作让步状语 相当于让步状语从句；有时可加although, though, even if, even though, whether…or…等连词转换成让步状语从句。 Warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields. 尽管农民们已被告知将有暴风雨，但他们仍然在地里干活。 (= Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.) 5. 作方式伴随状语 加and 可转换成并列结构从句。 The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of his students.老师走进教室, 后面跟着一群学生。 (=The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of his students.) 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1．A tech company created a screen-free smartphone that allows kids (chat) with loved ones without the distractions of a touchscreen. 【答案】to chat 【详解】句意：一家科技公司研发出一款无屏幕智能手机，能让孩子们和亲人聊天且不受触屏干扰。此处为固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.，意为“允许某人做某事”，所以此处使用to chat作宾补。 2．Our committee has a major role (play) in maintaining air and water quality. 【答案】to play 【详解】句意：我们的委员会在维护空气和水质方面发挥着重要作用。修饰role，常用不定式作后置定语。 3．The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream (admit) to my favorite university will come true. 【答案】to be admitted 【详解】句意：考试很可能按预期顺利进行，我被心仪大学录取的梦想将会实现。my dream作主语，_______(admit) to my favorite university作后置定语修饰名词dream，要将动词admit变成非谓语动词；结合will come true可知，admit这个动作还没发生，要用动词不定式结构作后置定语，且表示“被大学录取”，要用动词不定式的被动语态to be admitted。 4．My English teacher is my role model, who has influenced me (take) up the position as a teacher. 【答案】to take 【详解】句意：我的英语老师是我的榜样，他影响了我从事教师这一职业。此处考查固定搭配influence sb. to do sth，应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 5．I was so tired that I fell asleep on the bus, waking up (find) the bus had already passed my stop. 【答案】to find 【详解】句意：我太累了，在公交车上睡着了，醒来后发现公交车已经过了我的站点。现在分词waking up作伴随状语。现在分词作伴随动作后，不定式常用来引出意料之外的结果，本空用不定式to find。 6．There are several environmental campaigns (hold) in our school next semester, including a tree-planting day. 【答案】to be held 【详解】句意：下学期我们学校将举办几场环保活动，包括植树节。hold与campaigns之间为被动关系，根据next semester可知，动作发生在将来，故用不定式的被动形式为to be held，作后置定语修饰campaigns。 7．Instead, she recommends (apply) a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility”, ... 【答案】applying 【详解】句意：相反，她建议应用营养专家中一个著名的概念，叫做“责任划分”……动词短语recommend doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“建议做某事” ，用apply“应用”的动名词形式作宾语。 8．We need to find a more effective approach to (solve) this environmental problem. 【答案】solving 【详解】句意：我们需要寻找一种更有效的方法来解决这个环境问题。根据approach to doing用法，介词to加动名词作approach的后置定语。 9．Feeling guilty for (let) her best friend down, she spent the whole night preparing an apology gift. (用括号词的适当形式填空) 【答案】letting 【详解】句意：因让最好的朋友失望而感到愧疚，她花了一整晚准备道歉礼物。介词for后应接动名词形式作宾语，let的动名词形式为letting。 10．Complaining about problems makes no difference to (solve) them; taking action is better. 【答案】solving 【详解】句意：抱怨问题对解决问题毫无帮助；采取行动更好。根据空前“makes no difference to”可知，此处为固定搭配make no difference to，其中to是介词，其后接动名词作宾语，故应用solve“解决”的动名词形式solving。 11． (devote) themselves to protecting the environment, the volunteers have made a big difference in local areas. 【答案】Devoting 【详解】句意：这些志愿者致力于保护环境，他们在当地地区产生了巨大的影响。句中谓语是have made，空格处用非谓语动词，the volunteers和devote之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。 12．We accessed the wall through the South Gate.The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people (move) inside and outside the City Wall. 【答案】moving 【详解】句意：我们从南门登上城墙。城墙高 12 米，从这里能看到络绎不绝的人在城墙内外往来穿行。see sb. doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“看见某人正在做某事”，空处需填现在分词moving作宾语补足语。 13．The sudden flood swept through the town, (ruin) many historical buildings and turning them into ruins. 【答案】ruining 【详解】句意：突如其来的洪水席卷小镇，毁坏了诸多古建筑，使其沦为废墟。句中已有谓语动词swept，空处用现在分词作结果状语，表自然而然产生的结果。 14． (abandon) prejudice, we respect all civilizations equally. 【答案】Abandoning 【详解】句意：摒弃偏见，我们对所有文明一视同仁地予以尊重。该空所给动词abandon在句中作条件状语，与逻辑主语we为主动关系，应使用现在分词形式，并注意句首字母大写。 15．The southern region was hit by a severe flood last summer, (claim) more than 50 lives. 【答案】claiming 【详解】句意：去年夏天南方地区遭遇特大洪水，夺走了五十多条生命。此处为非谓语动词作状语，claim与逻辑主语a severe flood之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词claiming。 16．She chatted with her family, (relate) her interesting travel experience to her family after returning home. 【答案】relating 【详解】句意：回家后她和家人闲谈，讲述自己有趣的旅途经历。此空为非谓语，主语she与relate为主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。 17． (locate) in the heart of the city, the library attracts countless readers who are eager to improve themselves every day. 【答案】Located 【详解】句意：这座图书馆位于市中心，每天都吸引着无数渴望提升自我的读者。be located in表示“位于”，此处用过去分词Located作状语，首字母大写。 18．No longer (limit) to prescriptions taken in times of sickness, it now appears in coffee cups, bread baskets and takeaway drinks, taking on a wholly new look. 【答案】limited 【详解】句意：它不再仅限于生病时服用的药方，如今还出现在咖啡杯、面包篮以及外卖饮品中，呈现出全新的面貌。分析句子可知，此处为固定搭配：be limited to“局限于……”，结合句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语it与limit是被动关系，用过去分词 limited。 19． (expose) to sunlight for too long, the ancient manuscripts have become seriously faded and fragile. 【答案】Exposed 【详解】句意：长期暴露在阳光下，这些古老的手稿已经严重褪色、脆弱。空处作状语，句子主语the ancient manuscripts与动词expose为被动关系，此处用过去分词作原因状语。首字母大写。 20．The article (publish) in yesterday’s newspaper has already been read by thousands of people. 【答案】published 【详解】句意：昨天报纸上发表的那篇文章已经被成千上万的人阅读过了。此处空格需填非谓语动词作后置定语修饰article，publish与article之间为被动关系，需用过去分词published表示被动和已完成的动作。 21． (expose) to different cultures from childhood, she has a more open attitude towards new things. (所给词的正确形式填空) 【答案】Exposed 【详解】句意：从小接触不同的文化，她对新事物持有更开放的态度。本句主干是she has a more open attitude towards new things，逗号前是状语成分，因此空格处需要使用非谓语动词形式。本句主语she和expose之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词表被动。 句首单词首字母需要大写。 22．The ancient site (unearth) now may hold priceless historical information about a lost civilization. 【答案】being unearthed 【详解】句意：目前正在发掘的这个古老遗址或许蕴含着关于一个失落文明的极其珍贵的历史信息。空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰空格前的名词短语the ancient site，the ancient site与动词unearth之间是被动关系，结合时间状语now可知，此处表示正在进行的动作，所以应该用being unearthed作定语。 23．With all the tasks (finish) ahead of schedule, they decided to have a picnic to relax. 【答案】finished 【详解】句意：由于所有任务都提前完成了，他们决定去野餐放松一下。空处在with复合结构中作宾补，所填词要用非谓语动词；all the tasks和finish之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，要用过去分词finished表示被动。 24．With a heavy workload piling up, she found her concentration (distract) easily by the slightest noise outside the window. 【答案】distracted 【详解】句意：随着工作量不断堆积，她发现自己的注意力很容易被窗外一点点噪音分散。此处为find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语结构，宾语concentration与distract是被动关系，表示注意力被分散，需用过去分词distracted作宾补。 25． (possess) strong communication skills, she is always popular among her colleagues. 【答案】Possessing 【详解】句意：由于拥有很强的沟通能力，她在同事中总是很受欢迎。句中已有谓语动词“is”，因此“possess”需用非谓语形式。逻辑主语“she”与“possess”之间为主动关系，故使用现在分词短语“Possessing strong communication skills”作状语。句首单词首字母大写。 26．What if she fails (qualify) as a cultural heritage guide — will she try again or change her direction? 【答案】to qualify 【详解】句意：如果她未能获得文化遗产导游资格怎么办——她会再试一次还是改变方向？根据“fails”可知，此处为固定搭配fail to do sth，意为“未能做某事”，因此要用to qualify作宾语。 27．When I traveled to the countryside, I found myself (chase) fireflies in the field with the local teenagers at midnight. 【答案】chasing 【详解】句意：下乡游玩时，午夜时分我竟和当地少年在田野里追逐萤火虫。此处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构，动词chase与宾语之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词chasing作宾补。 28．The engineer plans (seek) solutions to the water pollution in the pond. 【答案】to seek 【详解】句意：这位工程师计划寻找解决池塘水污染的方法。plan to do sth.是固定用法，表示“计划做某事”，要将seek变成动词不定式to seek。 29．The team has members of different ages, (range) from 20-year-old graduates to 50-year-old experts. 【答案】ranging 【详解】句意：这个团队成员年龄各异，从20岁的毕业生到50岁的专家都有。空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰上文的名词短语members of different ages，动词range与名词短语members of different ages之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词ranging作定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句which range from 20-year-old graduates to 50-year-old experts。 30．Never (back) down from challenges, the young athlete finally won the championship after years of hard training. 【答案】backing 【详解】句意：这位年轻运动员从不向挑战退缩，历经多年刻苦训练，最终夺得冠军。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，the young athlete和back down为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词backing作伴随状语。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 31．1931年，亚当斯成为第一名获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。 (the first...to do sth. ) In 1931, Addams became the first American woman ________________. 【答案】to win the Nobel Peace Prize 【详解】根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“获得诺贝尔和平奖的”；“获得诺贝尔和平奖”翻译为动宾短语win the Nobel Peace Prize，在句中作后置定语修饰名词短语“the first American woman”，名词前有序数词修饰时，用不定式作后置定语。 32．我问母亲是否需要养只狗来作伴。 I asked my mother if she would like a dog to ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 keep her company 【详解】固定搭配keep sb. company，意为“陪伴某人”，此处指代母亲用her，应填keep her company，接在不定式to后，用动词原形。 33．我写信为下周末不能和你一起游览北京而道歉。(一句多译) (1)I’m writing to ________ with you next weekend. (apologise) (2) I’m writing to ________ with you next weekend. (apology) 【答案】 apologise to you for my not being able to pay a visit to Beijing make an apology to you for my not being able to pay a visit to Beijing 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“为不能和你游览北京而道歉”。固定搭配apologise to sb. for doing sth.表示“因某事向某人道歉”，“不能和你一起游览北京”可用my not being able to pay a visit to Beijing表达，动名词的否定形式not放在being之前，my为动名词的逻辑主语；不定式to后接动词原形所以第一个空处填apologise to you for my not being able to pay a visit to Beijing；固定搭配make an apology to sb. for doing sth.表示“因某事向某人道歉”；不定式to后接动词原形，所以第二个空处make an apology to you for my not being able to pay a visit to Beijing。 34．他坚持要到车站来接我，这使我感动得差点哭出来。 He ________, which nearly moved me to tears. 【答案】insisted on picking me up at the station 【详解】根据从句谓语moved可知，句子使用一般过去时；表示“坚持做某事”可用insist on doing sth.，insist使用过去式insisted；“到车站接某人”可用pick sb. up at the station来表示，放在介词on之后用动名词picking作宾语，“我”用宾格代词me作宾语。 35．上个月离世的那位老人是一位善良的老师。 The old man ________ ________ last month was a kind teacher. 【答案】 passing away 【详解】通过对比可知，空格处表达“离世的”，“离世”是固定短语pass away，句中谓语是was，空格处用非谓语动词，The old man和pass away是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作后置定语。 36．我来到美国后, 发现自己生活在完全陌生的文化中。 (find+宾语+宾语补足语) After I arrived in America, I_______________. 【答案】found myself living in a completely foreign culture 【详解】“发现”表达为find；“自己”表达为myself；“生活在完全陌生的文化中”表达为live in a completely foreign culture，completely“完全地”为副词，修饰形容词foreign。根据所给要求“find+宾语+宾语补足语”可知，此处find在句中作谓语动词，主语为I，根据前文的arrived可知，此处应用一般过去时found；myself在句中作宾语，live in a completely foreign culture作宾语，宾语myself与宾补live之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词living in a completely foreign culture作宾补。 37．他们的车遇上了交通堵塞, 因而耽搁了时间。 (动词-ing形式作结果状语) Their car was caught in a traffic jam, ________________. 【答案】thus causing the delay 【详解】“因而耽搁了时间”，这里表示自然而然的结果，用动词 -ing 形式作结果状语。cause表示“导致”，“耽搁”是delay ，thus“因此，从而”。 38．汤姆不得不在这个喧闹的演讲厅里提高声音以使自己被听到。 Tom had to raise his voice to ________________ in this noisy lecture hall. 【答案】make himself heard 【详解】“使”应该用使役动词make，在不定式符号to后，用动词原形；“(他)自己”是himself；“听到”用动词hear，与宾语himself是被动关系，所以用过去分词heard作宾语补足语，“使自己被听到”翻译为make himself heard。 39．为了学好英语，我们应该寻找机会尽可能多地听别人说英语。 To learn English well, we should find opportunities to ________________ as much as we can. 【答案】listen to English spoken by others 【详解】中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“听别人说英语”，应用动词短语listen to，意为“听某事被某人做”，“说英语”译为speak English。此处可用listen to + sth + done by sb结构，宾语为English，speak用过去分词spoken。“别人”翻译为others。 40．玛丽埋头于她的毕业论文，没有时间做兼职工作。(一句多译) (1)________ in her graduation paper, Mary had no time to do a part-time job. (2)________ herself in her graduation paper, Mary had no time to do a part-time job. (3)Because Mary ________ her graduation paper, she had no time to do a part-time job. 【答案】 Buried Burying was buried in 【详解】第一空：表示“埋头于，专心于”，用固定搭配be buried in，第一空用过去分词作状语，省略be动词，句首单词，首字母大写。第二空：表示“埋头于，专心投入”也可用动词bury，主语Mary与bury是主动关系，第二空用现在分词burying作状语，句首单词，首字母大写。第三空：表示“埋头于，专心于”，用固定搭配be buried in，句子描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，主语为Mary，be动词用was。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How Horseshoe Crabs Save Lives Anytime a foreign object or substance enters the human body, there’s a risk of introducing infection. 41 you’ve had vaccination, an intravenous treatment, a surgery of any kind, or had a medical device 42 (implant) in your body, you owe your very survival to the horseshoe crab. Horseshoe crabs have copper-rich blood 43 appears to be striking blue in color. Proteins in the horseshoe crab’s blood cells are released in response to even 44 (small) amount of bacterial endotoxin, such as E. coli. The presence of bacteria causes horseshoe crab blood to clot or gel, part of its hypersensitive immune response system. In 45 1960s, two researchers, Frederick Bang and Jack Levin, developed a method of using these coagulation (凝结) factors to test for contamination of medical devices. By 1970, their Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test was being used commercially 46 (make) sure everything from scalpels to artificial hips could safely be introduced into the human body. 47 such testing is crucial to safe medical treatments, the practice has taken a toll on horseshoe crab populations. Horseshoe crab blood is in high demand, and the medical testing industry catches as many as 500,000 horseshoe crabs each year to drain them of their blood. The crabs aren’t killed outright in the process; they 48 (catch), bled, and released. But biologists suspect the stress results in a percentage of the released horseshoe crabs 49 (die) once they are put back in the water. The International Union on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources lists the Atlantic horseshoe crab 50 vulnerable, just one category below endangered in the extinction risk scale. Fortunately, management practices are now in place to protect the species. 【答案】 41．If 42．implanted 43．that 44．smaller 45．the 46．to make 47．Although/Though/While 48．are caught 49．dying 50．as 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了鲎的血液对医疗安全的重要性及其面临的生存挑战。 41．考查连词。句意：如果你接种过疫苗、接受过静脉治疗、做过任何类型的手术，或者体内植入过医疗器械，你的生存都要归功于鲎。本空引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，用if引导，句首单词，首字母大写。故填If。 42．考查非谓语。句意：如果你接种过疫苗、接受过静脉治疗、做过任何类型的手术，或者体内植入过医疗器械，你的生存都要归功于鲎。本句已有谓语动词have had，implant用非谓语形式，have sth. done“让某事被做”，medical device与implant为被动关系，用过去分词，作宾语补足语。故填implanted。 43．考查定语从句。句意：鲎的血液富含铜，呈现出醒目的蓝色。本空引导定语从句，先行词是blood，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 44．考查形容词比较级。句意：鲎血细胞中的蛋白质，即使对极少量的细菌内毒素（如大肠杆菌）也会释放出来。此处表示“更少的”，用small的比较级smaller。故填smaller。 45．考查冠词。句意：20世纪60年代，两位研究人员Frederick Bang和Jack Levin开发了一种利用这些凝血因子检测医疗器械污染的方法。此处表达“在20世纪60年代”，用in the 1960s，空处需填定冠词the。故填the。 46．考查非谓语。句意：到1970年，他们的鲎试剂（LAL）检测已被商业化使用，以确保从手术刀到人工髋关节的所有东西都能安全地植入人体。本句已有谓语动词was being used，所以make用非谓语形式，此处表目的，用不定式to make作目的状语。故填to make。 47．考查连词。句意：虽然这种检测对安全医疗至关重要，但这种做法对鲎的数量造成了影响。根据句意可知，此处表达“虽然”，用although或though/while引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 48．考查动词语态。句意：鲎这个过程中不会被直接杀死；它们被捕获、放血，然后被放生。本空在句中作谓语，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语they（代指鲎）和catch之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语they是复数，be动词用are。故填are caught。 49．考查非谓语。句意：但生物学家怀疑，这种压力会导致一部分被放生的鲎一旦被放回水中就会死亡。本句已有谓语动词results in，die用非谓语形式，result in sb./sth. doing sth. 为固定搭配，意为“导致某人/某物做某事”，本空用动名词dying。故填dying。 50．考查介词。句意：国际自然与自然资源保护联盟将大西洋鲎列为易危物种，在灭绝风险等级中仅比濒危物种低一个等级。此处表达“将……列为”，用固定短语list...as...。故填as。 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Few Minutes of Brisk (快速的) Activity Walking from room to room, running up and down stairs to deliver folded laundry, or taking a jog around the block ... What if you 51 look at all the things you do daily and know which ones best help or hurt your brain? A recent study attempted to answer that question by 52 (tie) activity monitors to the legs of nearly 4,500 people in the United Kingdom and tracking their 24-hour movements for seven days. Researchers then examined 53 participants’ behavior affected their short-term memory, problem-solving and processing skills. Here’s the good news. People who spent “even small amounts of time in more vigorous activities — as little as six to nine minutes — 54 (compare) with sitting, sleeping or gentle activities had 55 (high), cognition (认知) scores,” said study author John Mitchell. Moderate physical activity is typically defined as brisk walking or cycling or running up and down stairs. Vigorous movement   56 (range) from jogging, swimming to biking up a hill, basically any activity 57 is able to boost your heart rate and breathing. The study found that doing just under 10 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity each day led to improvements in study participants’ working memory. In addition, 10 minutes of such activity had its biggest impact on executive processes  such 58 planning and organization. The cognitive improvement was modest, but as additional time   59 (spend) doing the more energetic workout the benefits grew, Mitchell said. “Given we don’t monitor participants’ cognition over many years, this may be simply   60 those individuals who move more tend to have higher cognition on average,” he said. “However, yes, it could also imply that even minimal changes to our daily lives can have downstream consequences for our cognition.” 【答案】 51．could 52．tying 53．how 54．compared 55．higher 56．ranges 57．that 58．as 59．was spent 60．that 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究，该研究探究了日常少量快速活动对人们认知能力（如短期记忆、问题解决等）的影响，发现即使每天少量的中高强度活动也能提升认知水平。 51．考查情态动词。句意：如果你能审视自己每天做的所有事情，并知道哪些最有助于或损害你的大脑，会怎么样呢？空处修饰动词look at，结合句意“能够”，且此处为What if引导的虚拟语气（表假设），用情态动词could“能够”符合语境，表一种可能性。故填could。 52．考查非谓语动词。句意：最近一项研究试图回答这个问题，研究人员给英国近4500人的腿上佩戴了活动监测器，并追踪他们七天内24小时的活动情况。此处位于介词by后，动词需用动名词形式，by doing sth.表示“通过做某事”，tie的动名词为tying。故填tying。 53．考查宾语从句引导词。句意：然后研究人员分析了参与者的行为如何影响他们的短期记忆、问题解决能力和处理能力。此处引导宾语从句，作examined的宾语，从句中不缺主谓宾，结合句意“如何”，用引导词how表示行为对认知能力的影响方式。故填how。 54．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究作者约翰·米切尔说：“与坐着、睡觉或进行温和活动相比，即使花少量时间进行更剧烈的活动——只需6到9分钟——的人，认知得分更高。”此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰people，people与compare之间为被动关系（被比较），所以用过去分词compared。故填compared。 55．考查形容词比较级。句意：研究作者约翰·米切尔说：“与坐着、睡觉或进行温和活动相比，即使花少量时间进行更剧烈的活动——只需6到9分钟——的人，认知得分更高。”结合句中“compared with sitting, sleeping or gentle activities”可知，此处存在比较关系，需用形容词比较级，high的比较级为higher。故填higher。 56．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：剧烈运动包括慢跑、游泳、骑自行车上山，基本上是任何能提高心率和呼吸的活动。文章整体为一般现在时，主语Vigorous movement为不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，range的第三人称单数为ranges。故填ranges。 57．考查定语从句引导词。句意：剧烈运动包括慢跑、游泳、骑自行车上山，基本上是任何能提高心率和呼吸的活动。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为any activity，指物，且从句中缺主语，所以用关系代词that（先行词有any修饰，不能用which）。故填that。 58．考查介词。句意：此外，这种活动持续 10 分钟所产生的效果在很大程度上体现在诸如规划和组织等管理流程中。结合后文“planning and organization”可知，此处是对executive processes的具体说明，such as意为“例如”符合题意。故填as。 59．考查动词时态和语态。句意：米切尔说，认知能力的提升幅度不大，但随着花在更剧烈锻炼上的时间增加，好处也会增多。此处为as引导的时间状语从句，主语additional time与spend之间为被动关系（时间被花费），结合上文was和下文grew可知此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为不可数名词，be动词用was，spend的过去分词为spent。故填was spent。 60．考查表语从句引导词。句意：“由于我们没有监测参与者多年来的认知情况，这可能只是那些活动更多的人平均认知水平更高，”他说。此处引导表语从句，从句成分和意义都完整，用连接词that引导。故填that。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $