专题02 选择性必修第四册单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末复习知识清单）高二英语下学期沪外版

专题02 选择性必修第四册单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 1 Achieving Effective Communication 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 障碍；阻力 __________ 2. 克服；战胜 __________ 3. 同情 __________ 4. 逃脱；摆脱 __________ 5. 演讲；讲座 __________ 6. 可怕的；恐怖的 __________ 7. 窗帘；幕布 __________ 8. 打算；计划 __________ 9. 发表；递送 __________ 10. 鼓掌；喝彩 __________ 11. 可怜的 __________ 12. 极度痛苦 __________ 13. 模仿 __________ 14. 适用；应用 __________ 15. 使印象深刻 __________ 16. 使困惑；混淆 __________ 17. 抓住；夺取 __________ 18. 扫；清扫 __________ 19. 满意；满足 __________ 20. 水龙头 __________ 21. 小溪；气流 __________ 22. 动作；运动 __________ 23. 模糊的 __________ 24. 兴奋；激动 __________ 25. 渴望的；热切的 __________ 26. 视力；景象 __________ 27. 开花 __________ 28. 蹦跳；跳过 __________ 29. 单脚跳 __________ 30. 玩偶 _____________ 二、单词拓展 1. move(v.移动)→__________(adj.动人的) 2. comprehend(v.理解)→__________(adj.茫然的) 3. mist(n.薄雾)→__________(adj.模糊的) 4. thrill(v.使激动)→__________(adj.感到兴奋的) 5. satisfy(v.使满意)→__________(n.满意) 6. appear(v.出现)→__________(n.露面；演出) 7. compel(v.强迫)→__________(n.强迫；强制) 8. inherit(v.遗传)→__________(adj.遗传的) 9. intense(adj.专注的)→__________(adv.专注地；热切地) 三、常考单词 1. barrier n. 障碍；阻力 背重点 背写作佳句 1. a barrier to sth … 的阻碍2. break down barriers 破除障碍 ①Lack of practice is a major barrier to conquering stage fright.②We must break down mental barriers to improve our public speaking skills.③Language barrier stops many people from communicating with foreigners smoothly. 2. conquer v. 克服；控制 背重点 背写作佳句 1. conquer nervousness 战胜紧张2. conquer difficulties 克服困难 ①It takes patience and practice to conquer your fear of speaking in public.②With consistent efforts, she finally conquered all the difficulties in her performance.③Many athletes conquer inner pressure before stepping onto the competition stage. 3. stage fright n. 怯场 背重点 背写作佳句 1. overcome stage fright 克服怯场2. suffer from stage fright 受怯场困扰 ①Nearly half of new speakers suffer from serious stage fright at their first appearance.②Proper training helps teenagers overcome stage fright efficiently.③Deep breathing is a useful way to ease stage fright before a lecture. 4. sympathy n. 同情 背重点 背写作佳句 1. show sympathy for sb 同情某人2. out of sympathy 出于同情 ①Audience showed great sympathy for the singer who was in deep agony.②Out of sympathy, many readers donated money to help the poor artist.③We should show sympathy for those who are troubled by hereditary diseases. 5. appearance n. 公开露面；演出 背重点 背写作佳句 1. make an appearance 登台亮相2. public appearance 公开演出 ①The famous writer made a surprise appearance in the school auditorium.②Her first public appearance behind the curtain won plenty of warm applause.③He put off his appearance because he felt seasick on the way. 6. deliver v. 发表；发布 背重点 背写作佳句 1. deliver a speech/lecture 发表演讲2. deliver a report 做报告 ①He intended to deliver a moving speech based on his original manuscript.②Professors often deliver professional lectures to students in the big auditorium.③The governor will deliver an official announcement about the new policy. 7. applause n. 鼓掌；喝彩 背重点 背写作佳句 1. win warm applause 赢得热烈掌声2. burst into applause 爆发出掌声 ①His sincere words made all listeners burst into loud applause.②The touching performance won lasting applause from every audience member.③By and by, the whole hall was filled with cheers and applause. 8. agony n. 极度痛苦 背重点 背写作佳句 1. in deep agony 深陷痛苦2. bear agony 承受煎熬 ①The poor young man lived in great agony due to his hereditary illness.②She suffered mental agony after failing to finish her important performance.③Many people expressed sympathy for the artist trapped in endless agony. 9. intend v. 打算；计划 背重点 背写作佳句 1. intend to do sth 打算做某事2. be intended for 专为…… 准备 ①She intended to tuck the gem into her lap before walking onto the stage.②They intend to escape from the heavy pressure behind the scenes for a while.③This precious manuscript is intended for the loyal stalwart of the theatre. 10. confuse v. 混淆；混同 背重点 背写作佳句 1. confuse A with B 把 A 和 B 弄混2. confuse sb 使某人困惑 ①New learners often confuse similar verbs when memorizing English words.②The complicated rules confused most students in the after-school class.③Don’t confuse appearance with real strength when judging a performer. 四．单元短语 1. 无异于；简直是 __________ 2. 在幕后 __________ 3. 不久；很快 __________ 4. 万一；假使 __________ 5. 玩耍；摆弄 __________ 6. 生育；孕育 _______________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元语法 三大复合句（定语从句+名词性从句+状语从句） （一）定语从句 1. 限制性定语从句：无逗号，限定先行词，删去后主句语义残缺 ①who(主)/whom(宾)/whose(所属)指代人 例：Those who lack the awareness of listening tend to get into conflicts with partners in group work. 译：缺乏倾听意识的人在小组合作中容易和同伴产生矛盾。 例：The classmate whom you consulted just now has rich experience in handling communication troubles. 译：你刚才咨询的那位同学在处理沟通问题上经验丰富。 ②that/which指代事物；最高级、序数词后只用that 例：The practical skills that we gain from daily chats lay a solid foundation for long-term friendship. 译：我们从日常交谈中学到的实用技巧为长久的友谊打下基础。 ③where用于case/situation等抽象地点名词后作状语 例：There exist some awkward situations where improper wording leads to unnecessary quarrels. 译：存在很多因措辞不当引发无谓争吵的尴尬情况。 2. 非限制性定语从句：逗号分隔，不能用that；which可指代整句话 例：He always puts himself in others’ shoes during communication, which enables him to build harmonious interpersonal relationships easily. 译：与人交流时他总能换位思考，这让他轻松构建融洽的人际关系。 （二）名词性从句（主/宾/表/同位语从句） 1. that无词义、不充当成分，主语从句不可省 例：That sincere listening counts most is a basic rule for effective communication. 译：真诚倾听最重要是高效沟通的基本准则。 2. what在从句充当成分，译作“……的事物” 例：What many teenagers ignore in daily talks is the importance of controlling personal temper. 译：很多青少年日常聊天忽略的是控制脾气的重要性。 3. whether全从句通用，if仅限宾语从句 例：The biggest puzzle is whether we can understand others’ hidden feelings behind plain words. 译：最大的难题是我们能否读懂平淡话语背后暗藏的情绪。 4. 同位语从句that解释fact/idea等名词 例：I stick to the belief that honest expression helps clear up most misunderstandings between people. 译：我坚信坦诚表达能化解人与人之间大部分误会。 （三）状语从句（让步/原因/条件） 1. although不和but连用，可搭配yet 例：Although we hold totally opposite viewpoints on a certain topic, we ought to respect each other’s opinions. 译：即便我们对话题观点截然相反，也应当尊重彼此的想法。 2. as long as引导条件状语 例：As long as we learn to calm down when arguing, most contradictions can be settled peacefully. 译：只要争执时学会冷静，大部分矛盾都能和平解决。 六．单元写作 开头（3句英文） 1. It is universally acknowledged that smooth and effective communication serves as an indispensable bridge linking individuals from all walks of life in modern society. 2. Nowadays, a large number of high school students are trapped in various communication barriers, which greatly prevents them from developing healthy friendships and cooperating well with teammates. 3. Therefore, mastering practical communication strategies turns out to be of vital significance to teenagers’ psychological growth and future social adaptation. 中间段写作要点（分三点精简罗列） ①意义：良好沟通消除矛盾，助力人际交往与团队协作； ②问题：怯场、只顾倾诉缺少倾听、不会换位思考引发误会； ③措施：课堂积极发言、争执前冷静、交流中耐心倾听。 高分词汇：overcome stage fright克服怯场；eliminate misunderstanding消除误会；barrier n.障碍 结尾（3句英文） 1. Only through persistent daily practice can we steadily upgrade our communicative competence and get along harmoniously with people around us. 2. Provided that we always attach importance to sincere and respectful communication, we are bound to harvest precious friendship and smooth interpersonal relations. 3. Excellent communication competence is a lifelong advantage which will benefit us in further study and future career development. Unit 2 Learning about Trade and Economy 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ________ v./n. 改革；改良 2. ________ adj. 经济的 3. ________ v. 计算；核算 4. ________ n./v. 交换；兑换 5. ________ n. 贡献；捐款 6. ________ v./n. 靠近；方法 7. ________ n. 恢复；复苏 8. ________ n. 速度；步速 9. ________ adj. 农业的 10. ________ n. 消费；消耗量 11. ________ n. 投资 12. ________ v./n. 发布；释放 13. ________ n. 影响；效果 14. ________ n. 贫穷；贫困 15. ________ v. 浮现；摆脱 16. ________ v. 维持；支撑 17. ________ n./v. 进口 18. ________ n./v. 出口 19. ________ adj. 年度的；每年的 20. ________ v. 刺激；促进 21. ________ v./n. 推动；提振 22. ________ v. 超过；超出 23. ________ v. 产生；生成 24. ________ n. 创新；革新 25. ________ v. 建立；设立 26. ________ adj. 金融的；财政的 27. ________ adj. 心理的 28. ________ adv. 立刻；马上 29. ________ v. 道歉 30. ________ n. 场景；场面 二、单词拓展 1. economy n. 经济 → ________ (adj.) 经济的 2. contribute v. 贡献 → ________ (n.) 贡献 3. recover v. 恢复 → ________ (n.) 复苏 4. consume v. 消费 → ________ (n.) 消费 5. invest v. 投资 → ________ (n.) 投资 6. poor adj. 贫穷的 → ________ (n.) 贫困 7. innovate v. 创新 → ________ (n.) 创新 8. year n. 年 → ________ (adj.) 每年的 9. apologize v. 道歉 → ________ (n.) 道歉 10. finance n. 资金 → ________ (adj.) 财政的 11. psychology n. 心理 → ________ (adj.) 心理的 12. instant adj. 即刻的 → ________ (adv.) 立刻地 三、常考单词 1. reform v./n. 改革；改良 背重点 背写作佳句 1. carry out reform 实施改革2. economic reform 经济改革 ①The government carried out a series of reforms to promote local economic growth.②Education reform helps balance the development of urban and rural schools.③Many industries have made great progress after relevant reform was carried out. 2. contribution n. 贡献；捐款 背重点 背写作佳句 1. make contributions to 为…… 做贡献2. financial contribution 捐资 ①Every citizen can make small contributions to environmental protection in daily life.②His great contributions to agricultural research won nationwide recognition.③Enterprises often make contributions to help people trapped in poverty. 3. emerge v. 浮现；摆脱（困境） 背重点 背写作佳句 1. emerge from difficulties 从困境中走出2. new problems emerge 新问题出现 ①The local economy gradually emerged from the crisis after years of consistent efforts.②New industries keep emerging with the rapid development of information technology.③Many small firms finally emerged from the pressure caused by overseas competition. 4. sustain v. 维持；使持续 背重点 背写作佳句 1. sustain economic growth 维持经济增长2. sustain development 可持续发展 ①Scientific technology helps sustain the steady growth of agricultural production.②It needs enough investment to sustain the long-term development of e-commerce.③Reasonable consumption habits can sustain the balanced development of market economy. 5. stimulate v. 促进；激发 背重点 背写作佳句 1. stimulate economic development 拉动经济2. stimulate one’s interest 激发兴趣 ①Favorable policies effectively stimulate the development of overseas trade.②Rich practical activities can stimulate teenagers’ enthusiasm for innovation.③The rise of residents’ income helps stimulate domestic consumption. 6. exceed v. 超过；超出 背重点 背写作佳句 1. exceed the target 超出目标2. exceed expectation 超出预期 ①The total export volume of this year has greatly exceeded that of the previous year.②The growth pace of urbanization has exceeded experts’ early prediction.③Don’t let your spending exceed your available budget in daily life. 7. innovation n. 创新；革新 背重点 背写作佳句 1. technological innovation 科技创新2. promote innovation 推动创新 ①Technological innovation is the key to boosting the development of modern industry.②More investment should be put into the field of agricultural innovation.③E-commerce is a typical innovation changing people’s traditional shopping mode. 8. annual adj. 每年的；年度的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. annual income 年收入2. annual output 年产量 ①The annual GDP growth of the region keeps stable thanks to effective economic reform.②The factory’s annual export volume increases by 10 percent on average every year.③The club holds an annual activity to collect contributions for poor areas. 9. establish v. 建立；使得到认可 背重点 背写作佳句 1. establish a system 建立制度2. establish a company 创办企业 ①Many overseas businessmen choose to establish factories in developing inland regions.②It took decades to establish the complete customs management system.③Scientists try to establish new theories based on repeated experiments. 10. financial adj. 财政的；金融的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. financial support 资金扶持2. financial crisis 金融危机 ①The government provides financial support to help poor areas develop agriculture.②Many small merchants suffered heavy losses during the global financial crisis.③Reasonable financial management helps enterprises avoid unnecessary risks. 四．单元短语 1.（使）加速 _______________ 2.（比例、数量）占 _______________ 3.平均 _______________ 4.连续几次地 _______________ 5.查证；核实 _______________ 6.首先 _______________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元语法 非谓语动词 一、不定式 to do（核心含义：将来、目的、具体动作） 1. 作宾语 后接to do的动词：want, decide, afford, refuse, manage, hope, plan, pretend, fail, choose - She managed to finish all the tasks ahead of schedule. 她设法提前完成了全部任务。 - He refused to give up his dream of studying abroad. 他不肯放弃出国留学的梦想。 it作形式宾语：find/think/believe + it + adj. + to do - We think it important to master a foreign language. 2. 宾补：动词＋sb＋to do 常用：ask, tell, encourage, allow, advise, persuade, require, warn - Teachers encourage us to take part in after-class activities. 特殊使役&感官：make/let/have sb do；see/watch/hear sb do（主动省to，被动还原to） - The boss made him work overtime. - He was made to work overtime.（被动加to） 3. 作状语（多表目的、结果） 目的：To improve his grades, he stays up every night. 结果：He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.（出乎意料结果only to do） 4. 复合不定式：It + adj. + for/of sb to do - It is necessary for us to develop good reading habits.（客观→for） - It’s generous of him to donate so much money.（人品→of） 5. wh‑to do：what/how/when/where＋to do - I haven’t decided where to spend the coming holiday. 二、doing（两类：动名词【名词性】、现在分词【形容词/副词性，主动、进行】） （1）动名词 doing：充当主语、宾语、表语 ① 作宾语（固定动词只加doing） finish, enjoy, practice, mind, suggest, avoid, imagine, escape, consider - He avoids making the same mistake again. - Would you mind opening the window? 易混词组（高考必考点） 1. remember to do 记得要去做；remember doing 记得做过 I remember locking the door.（已锁）/ Remember to lock the door.（要去锁） 2. stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件；stop doing 停下正在做 - They stopped to have a rest. / They stopped talking when the teacher entered. 特殊：need doing = need to be done（某物需要被…） The old house needs repairing. = The old house needs to be repaired. ② 作主语 Reading widely helps enlarge your vocabulary. （2）现在分词 doing：表主动、进行，作定语/状语 1. 定语：the developing countries 发展中国家（正在发展，主动） 2. 状语（逻辑主语=主句主语，主动、伴随/时间/原因） - Seeing from the window, she found a bird flying in the sky.（主动，同时发生） - Being short of money, he gave up travelling.（原因状语） 三、过去分词 done：表被动＋完成，作定语、状语、宾补 1. 定语 the broken cup 破碎的杯子（被打碎）；the used books 旧书（被用过） 2. 状语（逻辑主语被动） - Seen from the mountain top, the whole city looks amazing. 从山顶望去，整座城市景色绝美。（city被看→Seen） 3. 宾补 have/get sth done：请别人做某事 I will have my bike repaired tomorrow. 我明天找人修自行车。 四、独立主格（高考难点：非谓语自带逻辑主语，和主句主语不一致） 结构：名词/代词＋非谓语 - Weather permitting, we will go hiking this weekend. 天气允许的话，我们周末去徒步。（weather和permit主动→doing） - The task finished, we went home immediately. 任务完成，我们立刻回家。（task被完成→done） 六．单元写作 开头（3句英文） 1. Since China carried out reform and opening-up policy decades ago, the booming cross-border trade has greatly fueled the steady and rapid growth of domestic economy. 2. Learning basic economic and trade knowledge enables teenagers to form scientific and rational consumption values amid the ever-changing global market environment. 3. International trade connecting different countries and regions all over the world plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the process of global economic integration. 中间要点三点 ①益处：互通资源、拉动就业、推动全球经济一体化； ②现状：外贸丰富日用商品，物价随供需与外贸环境浮动； ③做法：学生关注财经资讯，拒绝超前透支消费。 高分词汇：rational consumption理性消费；trade barrier贸易壁垒；economic integration经济一体化 结尾（3句英文） 1. With the continuous deepening of global economic cooperation, cross-border trade will keep bringing practical benefits to ordinary consumers from every corner of the world. 2. It is advisable for senior high students to accumulate basic economic knowledge step by step so as to adapt to the complicated economic environment in the future. 3. Healthy and orderly international trade will continue to be a powerful driving force for the sustainable development of global economy. Unit 3 Delving into History 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ________ n. 运河；灌溉渠 2. ________ adj. 基础设施的 3. ________ v. 延伸；扩展 4. ________ v. 连接；联系 5. ________ n. 省份；行政区 6. ________ v. 延伸；拉长 7. ________ n. 商品；货品 8. ________ v. 选择；挑选 9. ________ adj. 人造的；非天然的 10. ________ n. 水道；航道 11. ________ n. 地基；基础 12. ________ v. 经历；经受 13. ________ adj. 各种各样的 14. ________ v. 转移；搬迁 15. ________ v. 设计；想出 16. ________ v. 养活；饲养 17. ________ v. 选举；挑选 18. ________ v. 任命；委任 19. ________ adj. 液压的；水力的 20. ________ v./n. 允许；准许 21. ________ adj. 费力的；有雄心的 22. ________ adj. 大规模的 23. ________ n. 命脉；生命线 24. ________ n. 帝国 25. ________ n. 收入；收益 26. ________ n. 港口；避风港 27. ________ adj. 首要的；主要的 28. ________ v. 繁荣；茁壮成长 29. ________ n. 瓷器 30. ________ n. 农业；农学 二、单词拓展 1. improve v.改善 → ________(n.)改进；改善 2. permit v.允许 → ________(n.)许可证 3. expand v.扩张 → ________(n.)扩张；扩大 4. economy n.经济 → ________(adj.)经济的 5. vary v.变化 → ________(adj.)各种各样的 6. operate v.操作 → ________(n.)手术；运转 7. thrive v.兴旺 → ________(n.)繁荣 8. perform v.表演 → ________(n.)演出；表演 9. value n.价值 → ________(adj.)极宝贵的 10. relate v.联系 → ________(adj.)外交的 11. commerce n.商业 → ________(adj.)商业的 12. religion n.宗教 → ________(adj.)宗教的 三、常考单词 1. extend v. 延伸；扩展；延长 背重点 背写作佳句 1. extend to 延伸至2. extend sth into 把某物拓展成 ①The canal extends to several provinces and improves local transportation greatly.②Farmers extend their farmland to grow more cotton for textile production.③The project will extend its construction time to meet the practical need. 2. link v. 连接；联结 n. 联系 背重点 背写作佳句 1. link A to/with B 把 A 和 B 相连2. link up 衔接；连通 ①Waterways link inland cities with coastal ports across the whole country.②Experts find a close link between trade expansion and economic growth.③New railways link remote mountain areas to major commercial centres. 3. undergo v. 经历；经受 背重点 背写作佳句 1. undergo changes 经历变革2. undergo hardships 经受磨难 ①The old city has undergone great changes after the completion of the water project.②Many traditional crafts underwent hard times before getting widespread attention.③Local agriculture underwent rapid expansion thanks to convenient water supply. 4. transfer v. 转移；搬迁；调任 背重点 背写作佳句 1. transfer from…to… 从…… 迁往……2. transfer sth to sp 把某物转运至某地 ①Goods are transferred by ships from coastal ports to inland markets every year.②Many workers transferred their living places to areas near the new canal.③The government plans to transfer part of industry to arid inland regions. 5. appoint v. 任命；委任 背重点 背写作佳句 1. appoint sb as… 任命某人为……2. appoint sb to do sth 指派某人做某事 ①The government appointed experts to devise plans for the large-scale project.②He was appointed as the chief in charge of port construction work.③Officials appointed skilled workers to operate the newly-built hydraulic equipment. 6. thrive v. 繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展 背重点 背写作佳句 1. thrive on 依靠…… 蓬勃发展2. thrive in 在…… 环境中兴盛 ①Local trade thrived greatly with convenient inland and sea transportation.②Fruits and cotton thrive well on the irrigated farmland beside the canal.③Small pawnshops once thrived along the busy ancient commercial routes. 7. divert v. 使转向；绕道；转移 背重点 背写作佳句 1. divert sth from…to… 将某物从…… 引向……2. divert water 引水 ①The project diverts river water from wet areas to dry and arid farmland.②Road builders diverted the original route to avoid ancient cultural relics.③Farmers divert water to their fields to improve crop production. 8. prove v. 证明；证实 背重点 背写作佳句 1. prove (to be)+adj. 证明是……2. prove sth to sb 向某人证实某事 ①The ancient canal proves to be a vital lifeline for regional economic development.②Facts prove that convenient transport promotes the expansion of commodity trade.③The handmade porcelain proves popular among overseas merchants. 9. restrict v. 限制；限定 背重点 背写作佳句 1. restrict sth to… 把某物限定在……2. restrict access 限制准入 ①Strict rules restrict the exploitation of natural resources near the coastal strait.②The law restricts illegal trade of valuable jade and ivory materials.③Bad weather restricted ships from leaving the port on schedule. 10. gain v. 获得；取得 n. 收益 背重点 背写作佳句 1. gain from 从…… 获益2. gain income 赚取收入 ①Farmers gain a lot of income from improved agricultural production.②Countries along the ancient route gained huge profits from silk and porcelain trade.③Local economy gains steady development with completed infrastructure. 四．单元短语 1. 以……为基础 _______________ 2. 完成；实施 _______________ 3. 为……铺平道路；创造条件 _______________ 4. 陆路 _______________ 5. 海路 _______________ 6. 导致；引起 _______________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元语法 倒装句（部分+完全倒装） 1.部分倒装 ①否定词(never/seldom/not only)置于句首 例：Seldom do modern youngsters realize how profound and lasting the historical influence of the Silk Road is. 译：当代青少年很少意识到丝绸之路深远持久的历史影响。 例：Not only did the Grand Canal promote ancient inland commodity trade, but it also accelerated cultural fusion between north and south China. 译：大运河不仅推动古代内陆商贸，还促进了南北文化交融。 ②Only+状语放句首，主句倒装 例：Only by researching massive historical documents and cultural relics can we draw precious experience from the rise and fall of ancient dynasties. 译：唯有研读大量史料文物，我们才能从王朝兴衰中汲取宝贵经验。 ③so…that…so提前倒装 例：So important is learning history that every young generation is supposed to spare time to explore traditional culture. 译：学史至关重要，每一代年轻人都该抽空探寻传统文化。 2.完全倒装 ①方位副词放句首，名词倒装、代词不倒装 例：Away flies the ancient carriage pictured in history textbooks. 译：历史课本上画的那辆古马车飞驰远去。 ②地点介词短语置于句首 例：Along the bank of the ancient Grand Canal lie dozens of well-preserved ancient towns with splendid traditional customs. 译：古运河沿岸坐落着数十座保存完好、风俗浓郁的古镇。 六．单元写作 开头（3句英文） 1. Exploring splendid Chinese long history not only broadens teenagers’ horizons but also effectively strengthens our national cultural confidence and national identity. 2. The Silk Road and Grand Canal, priceless precious historical treasures of our country, fully record the brilliant prosperity of ancient Chinese civilization. 3. History faithfully records the rise and fall of different dynasties and passes down valuable spiritual wealth for later generations to learn from. 中间三点 ①价值：丝绸之路、大运河促进古代商贸与中外文化交流； ②意义：以史为鉴，从历史教训助力个人成长、传承民族精神； ③行动：逛博物馆、读正史、主动了解历史遗迹。 高分词汇：historical relic历史遗迹；inherit civilization传承文明；draw lessons from history以史为鉴 结尾（3句英文） 1. Never should we ignore precious historical heritage, for it serves as the eternal spiritual root of our whole Chinese nation. 2. It is our unavoidable obligation as young generations to protect existing historical sites and carry forward outstanding fine traditional culture. 3. Learning from history will always guide us to make wiser choices in personal growth and social development. Unit 4 Approaching Classics 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ________ n. 鲨鱼 2. ________ v. 摇摆；摆动 3. ________ v. 包裹；缠绕 4. ________ v. 捆绑；猛抽 5. ________ n. 下巴；颌 6. ________ adj. 绷紧的 7. ________ v. 发抖；哆嗦 8. ________ v. 断裂；折断 9. ________ n. 鱼叉 10. ________ v. 流血 11. ________ v. 蜇；刺伤 12. ________ n. 水流；洋流 13. ________ n. 船桨 14. ________ n. 公鸡 15. ________ v. 公鸡啼鸣 16. ________ v. 小鸟啾鸣 17. ________ v. 闪闪发光 18. ________ n. 牛（总称） 19. ________ v. （牛羊）吃草；放牧 20. ________ v. 盛行；普遍存在 二、单词拓展 1. paralyze v. 使瘫痪 →________(adj.)瘫痪的 2. bear v. 忍受 →________(adj.)难以忍受的 3. bleed v. 流血 →________(n.)出血 4. joy n. 快乐 →________(adj.)快乐的 5. current n.水流 →________(adv.)目前；当下 三、常考单词 1. swing v.（使）弧线运动；转变（观点 / 情绪） 背重点 背写作佳句 1. swing from…to… 从…… 转向……2. swing around 转身；转圈 ①Public opinion may swing from support to opposition facing unexpected risks.②The branches swing back and forth in the strong wind beside the river.③His mood swung from excitement to disappointment after the accident. 2. wrap v. 缠绕；包裹 背重点 背写作佳句 1. wrap sth around sth 用某物缠绕……2. wrap up 裹紧；收尾 ①People wrap thick cloth around their bodies to avoid shivering in cold weather.②She wrapped the injured part tightly to stop it from bleeding heavily.③We wrapped up our outdoor activity before the sudden heavy rain came. 3. bleed v. 流血；失血 背重点 背写作佳句 1. bleed badly 大出血2. bleed from… 从…… 部位流血 ①The wounded fish began to bleed badly after being hooked by fishermen.②If your arm bleeds continuously, you need to get medical treatment quickly.③The animal bled for hours before being rescued from the trap. 4. shiver v.（因寒冷 / 恐惧）颤抖；哆嗦 背重点 背写作佳句 1. shiver with cold/fear 冷得 / 吓得发抖 ①The travelers shiver with cold when sailing on the sea in chilly wind.②Small animals shiver at the sight of dangerous sharks nearby the boat.③She shivered with excitement when seeing rare wild cattle on the grassland. 5. paralyze v. 使麻痹；使瘫痪 背重点 背写作佳句 1. be paralyzed with fear 吓得动弹不得2. paralyze one’s leg 使腿部瘫痪 ①A serious sting from the sea fish may paralyze part of a person’s body temporarily.②Many people were paralyzed with fear at the sudden attack of wild creatures.③Bad disease paralyzed his feet and changed his whole living pattern. 6. unbearable adj. 难以忍受的；无法接受的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. unbearable pain 难以忍受的疼痛2. unbearable weather 恶劣难熬的天气 ①The unbearable pain from the spur on foot made him unable to walk normally.②The hot and damp climate becomes unbearable for travelers on summer voyages.③People can’t stand the unbearable noise near the busy coastal dock. 7. current n. 水流；气流 adj. 当前的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. sea current 洋流2. current situation 当下局势 ①Strong sea current drives small speedboats to move faster along the coastline.②Fishermen must learn about ocean current before going out to catch sharks.③Based on the current data, the local fish population prevails in this sea area. 8. graze v.（牛羊等）啃食青草；放牧 背重点 背写作佳句 1. graze on grass 啃食牧草2. graze cattle 放牛放牧 ①Groups of cattle graze freely on the bare countryside every warm afternoon.②Sheep graze quietly while cocks crow and birds twitter around the farmland.③Rich grassland allows more livestock to graze and grow well all year round. 9. prevail v. 盛行；普遍存在 背重点 背写作佳句 1. prevail in/at 在某地盛行2. prevail over 战胜；压倒 ①This kind of custom still prevails among fishermen living beside the bay.②Warm and wet weather prevails in the coastal area most of the year.③Kindness and cooperation finally prevail over conflict in daily life. 10. glitter v. 闪亮；光彩夺目 背重点 背写作佳句 1. glitter with… 闪烁着…… 光芒 ①The sea surface glitters with sunlight when gentle current flows slowly.②Dewdrops glitter on grass where cattle graze early every morning.③Her eyes glitter with joy when hearing the good news of successful fishing. 四．单元短语 1. 踩；踏上 _______________ 2. 忙于做某事 _________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元语法 虚拟语气 1. 对现在虚拟：从句过去式，be统一用were 例：I wish I had enough spare time to finish reading the full versions of those world-famous literary classics. 译：我真希望有充足空闲读完这些世界名著全本。 例：If only we were free from heavy homework to appreciate ancient Chinese poetry in our spare daily life. 译：要是没有繁重作业，平日有空品读古诗词就好了。 2. 对过去虚拟：had done（后悔过往） 例：I wish I had spent more spare time reading various literary works during my junior high school days. 译：我真后悔初中没多花时间阅读各类文学作品。 例：If only I had taken the English teacher’s useful advice to stick to daily classic reading habits years ago. 译：要是几年前听从老师建议坚持每日读经典就好了。 3. 对将来虚拟：would/could/might do（渺茫愿望） 例：I wish I could set aside one fixed hour every single day to enjoy high-quality classic literature in the coming future. 译：但愿今后我每天能固定腾出一小时品读优质经典。 区分：if only感叹句；wish接宾语从句，作文抒情段专用。 六．单元写作 开头（3句英文） 1. Reading outstanding classic literature is an effective and rewarding approach to enrich people’s inner spiritual world and improve personal literary accomplishment. 2. A great many timeless classic works ranging from ancient Chinese poetry to world-famous foreign novels leave endless precious spiritual wealth for human beings of all ages. 3. Nowadays, numerous teenagers overlook regular classic reading due to heavy daily coursework and short-video temptation, which arouses widespread concern among teachers and parents. 中间三点 ①好处：陶冶性情、积累写作素材、感悟人生哲理； ②现状：课业+短视频挤占时间，学生普遍疏于阅读名著； ③对策：学校开设赏析课，学生利用碎片时间零星阅读。 高分词汇：cultivate temperament陶冶情操；literary accomplishment文学素养；fragmented spare time碎片时间 结尾（3句英文） 1. If only more teenagers could truly realize the everlasting charm of classic literary works and keep the habit of reading all the time. 2. Those timeless classical masterpieces are invaluable spiritual treasures that deserve continuous appreciation from generations of young people. 3. Persistent reading of classics will continuously nourish our soul and lay a solid foundation for our future study and personal development. 一、单句语法填空 1．He wants to express his deep (sympathetic) to the family. 2．Looking at our finished work, we felt a sense of . (satisfy) 3．I figure that the experiment goes (horrible) wrong. 4．Going on a spontaneous road trip is a way you can imagine (escape) from the daily routine and have some fun. 5．A new snack called “milk skin tanghulu” (sweep) across China currently, becoming a major internet sensation. 6．Her performance won cheers and (applaud) from the crowd. 7． (rely) on digital platforms, the organizers created scenarios(场景) for public engagement. 8．Due to the (appear) of science and technology, we can travel long distances in the fraction of a second on planes and cars. 9．With the morning light of early summer breaking over the (mist) hills of Jiangkou County... 10．The large team (compose) of energetic teenagers finally finished the hard task ahead of time. 11． (locate) in the heart of the city, the library attracts countless readers who are eager to improve themselves every day. 12．No longer (limit) to prescriptions taken in times of sickness, it now appears in coffee cups, bread baskets and takeaway drinks, taking on a wholly new look. 13．Learning basic (finance) management skills is important for teenagers to plan their pocket money wisely. 14．With a positive attitude and persistent efforts, we are bound to achieve a full physical and mental (recover) after going through difficulties. 15．Long hours of work, along with physical inactivity, can lead to high blood pressure and increased energy (consume). 16． (lose) in thought, he didn’t notice the traffic signal and drove through the red light. 17．They demanded a highly aesthetic space, (decorate) with fine stationery, so that they could be isolated from disturbing affairs. 18．Using musical heritage as an emotional entry point (combine) with modern tourism brands, it transformed the konghou into a living art form.   19．In this museum, you can see many (religion) paintings. 20．Applying to attend (variety) clubs is a process where students can greatly practice their communication ability. 21．Some worry that the (commerce) development of scenic spots will destroy ancient towns’ beauty. 22．Besides, the results of the examinations always bring the worry and anxiety of the students. (用适当的词填空) 23．The (expand) of the city’s subway system will greatly improve commuting for residents. 24．Though the task is tough, his (ambition) dream drives him to keep moving forward. 25．The summer heat in this city is almost (bear), forcing many residents to stay indoors during the daytime. 26．She (blood) heavily after giving birth, and the medical team had to take immediate measures to ensure her safety. 27．In the (currency) economic situation, switching careers may not be such a good idea. 28．The (pursue) of the ultimate truth of the universe is the final objective and destination of civilization. 29．You are to meet with challenges in the (pursue) of success and through greater efforts and hard work, your dream will definitely come true. 30．Last night, she (swing) around to him, spilling her tea without noticing it. 二、翻译 31．正是他的好奇心使他又有了新的发明。(It)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 32．他家隔壁的餐馆开始使用机器人送餐了。(deliver) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 33．她每天对着镜子练习英语口语，这使她不久就能和房东用英语沟通了。(which) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 34．这座历史博物馆计划通过3D技术重现宋朝古都繁华的市井生活景象。(recreate) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 35．为什么他对发生在朋友身上的事情总是一无所知？(how come) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 36．这部话剧力求给现场观众带来不同于读小说的体验。（effort）(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 37．我尽力向我的弟弟灌输坚持的重要性，希望能激励他追求自己的梦想。（impress）(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 38．这条街上除了几家咖啡馆开门营业外，大部分屋子门窗紧闭，窗上积起厚厚一片尘埃。（apart from）(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 39．校餐也要以其他食品的推销方法推销给孩子。（the same way）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 40．为了培养学生地道的口音，该大学计划从国外聘请一些英文老师。（handful）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 41．与这位家喻户晓的建筑师一起工作是一次难忘的经历，是我职业生涯迄今为止的一个亮点。(highlight) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 42．主席不仅致力于打造一个科技强国，还号召人们加强科技创新园区的建设，并推动绿色制造业的发展。（call on）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 43．如今越来越多的学生主动参与到社会实践中去。(volunteer) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 44．过去的10年来，生物学家对濒临灭绝的海洋物种表示同情。(threaten) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 45．自从2021年被引进中国以来，这家快餐连锁店就不断拓展业务，到现在为止，已经开了60家分店。(launch) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 46．然而，令人印象深刻的不是它的冗长，恰恰相反——是它简洁紧凑的结构。(construction) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 47．压力大时，我喜欢听些轻音乐放松一下。(feel like)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 48．记住：任何时候都不要低估自己的潜能，你所有的努力都会有回报。(mind)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 49．她能把挑战视作自我提升的机会而不是成功路上的绊脚石，这让我们很欣慰。(perceive)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 50．专家们突然意识到，严重的地震过后，灾民的心理疏导刻不容缓，否则容易引发诸多负面情绪。(strike)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ $专题02 选择性必修第四册单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 1 Achieving Effective Communication 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. barrier n. 障碍；阻力 2. conquer v. 克服；战胜 3. sympathy n. 同情 4. escape v. 逃脱；摆脱 5. lecture n. 演讲；讲座 6. horrible adj. 可怕的；恐怖的 7. curtain n. 窗帘；幕布 8. intend v. 打算；计划 9. deliver v. 发表；递送 10. applause n. 鼓掌；喝彩 11. pathetic adj. 可怜的 12. agony n. 剧痛；极度痛苦 13. imitation n. 模仿 14. apply v. 适用；应用 15. impress v. 使印象深刻 16. confuse v. 使困惑；混淆 17. seize v. 抓住；夺取 18. sweep v. 扫；清扫 19. satisfaction n. 满意；满足 20. tap n. 水龙头 21. stream n. 小溪；气流 22. motion n. 动作；运动 23. misty adj. 模糊的 24. thrill n. 兴奋；激动 25. eager adj. 渴望的；热切的 26. sight n. 视力；景象 27. blossom v. 开花 28. skip v. 蹦跳；跳过 29. hop v. 单脚跳 30. doll n. 玩偶 二、单词拓展 1. move(v.移动)→moving(adj.动人的) 2. comprehend(v.理解)→uncomprehending(adj.茫然的，不理解的) 3. mist(n.薄雾)→misty(adj.模糊的) 4. thrill(v.使激动)→thrilled(adj.感到兴奋的) 5. satisfy(v.使满意)→satisfaction(n.满意，满足) 6. appear(v.出现)→appearance(n.露面；演出) 7. compel(v.强迫)→compulsion(n.强迫；强制) 8. inherit(v.遗传)→hereditary(adj.遗传的) 9. intense(adj.专注的)→intently(adv.专注地；热切地) 三、常考单词 1. barrier n. 障碍；阻力 背重点 背写作佳句 1. a barrier to sth … 的阻碍2. break down barriers 破除障碍 ①Lack of practice is a major barrier to conquering stage fright.②We must break down mental barriers to improve our public speaking skills.③Language barrier stops many people from communicating with foreigners smoothly. 2. conquer v. 克服；控制 背重点 背写作佳句 1. conquer nervousness 战胜紧张2. conquer difficulties 克服困难 ①It takes patience and practice to conquer your fear of speaking in public.②With consistent efforts, she finally conquered all the difficulties in her performance.③Many athletes conquer inner pressure before stepping onto the competition stage. 3. stage fright n. 怯场 背重点 背写作佳句 1. overcome stage fright 克服怯场2. suffer from stage fright 受怯场困扰 ①Nearly half of new speakers suffer from serious stage fright at their first appearance.②Proper training helps teenagers overcome stage fright efficiently.③Deep breathing is a useful way to ease stage fright before a lecture. 4. sympathy n. 同情 背重点 背写作佳句 1. show sympathy for sb 同情某人2. out of sympathy 出于同情 ①Audience showed great sympathy for the singer who was in deep agony.②Out of sympathy, many readers donated money to help the poor artist.③We should show sympathy for those who are troubled by hereditary diseases. 5. appearance n. 公开露面；演出 背重点 背写作佳句 1. make an appearance 登台亮相2. public appearance 公开演出 ①The famous writer made a surprise appearance in the school auditorium.②Her first public appearance behind the curtain won plenty of warm applause.③He put off his appearance because he felt seasick on the way. 6. deliver v. 发表；发布 背重点 背写作佳句 1. deliver a speech/lecture 发表演讲2. deliver a report 做报告 ①He intended to deliver a moving speech based on his original manuscript.②Professors often deliver professional lectures to students in the big auditorium.③The governor will deliver an official announcement about the new policy. 7. applause n. 鼓掌；喝彩 背重点 背写作佳句 1. win warm applause 赢得热烈掌声2. burst into applause 爆发出掌声 ①His sincere words made all listeners burst into loud applause.②The touching performance won lasting applause from every audience member.③By and by, the whole hall was filled with cheers and applause. 8. agony n. 极度痛苦 背重点 背写作佳句 1. in deep agony 深陷痛苦2. bear agony 承受煎熬 ①The poor young man lived in great agony due to his hereditary illness.②She suffered mental agony after failing to finish her important performance.③Many people expressed sympathy for the artist trapped in endless agony. 9. intend v. 打算；计划 背重点 背写作佳句 1. intend to do sth 打算做某事2. be intended for 专为…… 准备 ①She intended to tuck the gem into her lap before walking onto the stage.②They intend to escape from the heavy pressure behind the scenes for a while.③This precious manuscript is intended for the loyal stalwart of the theatre. 10. confuse v. 混淆；混同 背重点 背写作佳句 1. confuse A with B 把 A 和 B 弄混2. confuse sb 使某人困惑 ①New learners often confuse similar verbs when memorizing English words.②The complicated rules confused most students in the after-school class.③Don’t confuse appearance with real strength when judging a performer. 四．单元短语 1. nothing short of 无异于；简直是 2. behind the scenes 在幕后 3. by and by 不久；很快 4. in case 万一；假使 5. play with 玩耍；摆弄 6. give birth to 生育；孕育 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元语法 三大复合句（定语从句+名词性从句+状语从句） （一）定语从句 1. 限制性定语从句：无逗号，限定先行词，删去后主句语义残缺 ①who(主)/whom(宾)/whose(所属)指代人 例：Those who lack the awareness of listening tend to get into conflicts with partners in group work. 译：缺乏倾听意识的人在小组合作中容易和同伴产生矛盾。 例：The classmate whom you consulted just now has rich experience in handling communication troubles. 译：你刚才咨询的那位同学在处理沟通问题上经验丰富。 ②that/which指代事物；最高级、序数词后只用that 例：The practical skills that we gain from daily chats lay a solid foundation for long-term friendship. 译：我们从日常交谈中学到的实用技巧为长久的友谊打下基础。 ③where用于case/situation等抽象地点名词后作状语 例：There exist some awkward situations where improper wording leads to unnecessary quarrels. 译：存在很多因措辞不当引发无谓争吵的尴尬情况。 2. 非限制性定语从句：逗号分隔，不能用that；which可指代整句话 例：He always puts himself in others’ shoes during communication, which enables him to build harmonious interpersonal relationships easily. 译：与人交流时他总能换位思考，这让他轻松构建融洽的人际关系。 （二）名词性从句（主/宾/表/同位语从句） 1. that无词义、不充当成分，主语从句不可省 例：That sincere listening counts most is a basic rule for effective communication. 译：真诚倾听最重要是高效沟通的基本准则。 2. what在从句充当成分，译作“……的事物” 例：What many teenagers ignore in daily talks is the importance of controlling personal temper. 译：很多青少年日常聊天忽略的是控制脾气的重要性。 3. whether全从句通用，if仅限宾语从句 例：The biggest puzzle is whether we can understand others’ hidden feelings behind plain words. 译：最大的难题是我们能否读懂平淡话语背后暗藏的情绪。 4. 同位语从句that解释fact/idea等名词 例：I stick to the belief that honest expression helps clear up most misunderstandings between people. 译：我坚信坦诚表达能化解人与人之间大部分误会。 （三）状语从句（让步/原因/条件） 1. although不和but连用，可搭配yet 例：Although we hold totally opposite viewpoints on a certain topic, we ought to respect each other’s opinions. 译：即便我们对话题观点截然相反，也应当尊重彼此的想法。 2. as long as引导条件状语 例：As long as we learn to calm down when arguing, most contradictions can be settled peacefully. 译：只要争执时学会冷静，大部分矛盾都能和平解决。 六．单元写作 开头（3句英文） 1. It is universally acknowledged that smooth and effective communication serves as an indispensable bridge linking individuals from all walks of life in modern society. 2. Nowadays, a large number of high school students are trapped in various communication barriers, which greatly prevents them from developing healthy friendships and cooperating well with teammates. 3. Therefore, mastering practical communication strategies turns out to be of vital significance to teenagers’ psychological growth and future social adaptation. 中间段写作要点（分三点精简罗列） ①意义：良好沟通消除矛盾，助力人际交往与团队协作； ②问题：怯场、只顾倾诉缺少倾听、不会换位思考引发误会； ③措施：课堂积极发言、争执前冷静、交流中耐心倾听。 高分词汇：overcome stage fright克服怯场；eliminate misunderstanding消除误会；barrier n.障碍 结尾（3句英文） 1. Only through persistent daily practice can we steadily upgrade our communicative competence and get along harmoniously with people around us. 2. Provided that we always attach importance to sincere and respectful communication, we are bound to harvest precious friendship and smooth interpersonal relations. 3. Excellent communication competence is a lifelong advantage which will benefit us in further study and future career development. Unit 2 Learning about Trade and Economy 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. reform v./n. 改革；改良 2. economic adj. 经济的 3. calculate v. 计算；核算 4. exchange n./v. 交换；兑换 5. contribution n. 贡献；捐款 6. approach v./n. 靠近；方法 7. recovery n. 恢复；复苏 8. pace n. 速度；步速 9. agricultural adj. 农业的 10. consumption n. 消费；消耗量 11. investment n. 投资 12. release v./n. 发布；释放 13. effect n. 影响；效果 14. poverty n. 贫穷；贫困 15. emerge v. 浮现；摆脱 16. sustain v. 维持；支撑 17. import n./v. 进口 18. export n./v. 出口 19. annual adj. 年度的；每年的 20. stimulate v. 刺激；促进 21. boost v./n. 推动；提振 22. exceed v. 超过；超出 23. generate v. 产生；生成 24. innovation n. 创新；革新 25. establish v. 建立；设立 26. financial adj. 金融的；财政的 27. psychological adj. 心理的 28. instantly adv. 立刻；马上 29. apologize v. 道歉 30. scene n. 场景；场面 二、单词拓展 1. economy n. 经济 → economic (adj.) 经济的 2. contribute v. 贡献 → contribution (n.) 贡献 3. recover v. 恢复 → recovery (n.) 复苏 4. consume v. 消费 → consumption (n.) 消费 5. invest v. 投资 → investment (n.) 投资 6. poor adj. 贫穷的 → poverty (n.) 贫困 7. innovate v. 创新 → innovation (n.) 创新 8. year n. 年 → yearly/annual (adj.) 每年的 9. apologize v. 道歉 → apology (n.) 道歉 10. finance n. 资金 → financial (adj.) 财政的 11. psychology n. 心理 → psychological (adj.) 心理的 12. instant adj. 即刻的 → instantly (adv.) 立刻地 三、常考单词 1. reform v./n. 改革；改良 背重点 背写作佳句 1. carry out reform 实施改革2. economic reform 经济改革 ①The government carried out a series of reforms to promote local economic growth.②Education reform helps balance the development of urban and rural schools.③Many industries have made great progress after relevant reform was carried out. 2. contribution n. 贡献；捐款 背重点 背写作佳句 1. make contributions to 为…… 做贡献2. financial contribution 捐资 ①Every citizen can make small contributions to environmental protection in daily life.②His great contributions to agricultural research won nationwide recognition.③Enterprises often make contributions to help people trapped in poverty. 3. emerge v. 浮现；摆脱（困境） 背重点 背写作佳句 1. emerge from difficulties 从困境中走出2. new problems emerge 新问题出现 ①The local economy gradually emerged from the crisis after years of consistent efforts.②New industries keep emerging with the rapid development of information technology.③Many small firms finally emerged from the pressure caused by overseas competition. 4. sustain v. 维持；使持续 背重点 背写作佳句 1. sustain economic growth 维持经济增长2. sustain development 可持续发展 ①Scientific technology helps sustain the steady growth of agricultural production.②It needs enough investment to sustain the long-term development of e-commerce.③Reasonable consumption habits can sustain the balanced development of market economy. 5. stimulate v. 促进；激发 背重点 背写作佳句 1. stimulate economic development 拉动经济2. stimulate one’s interest 激发兴趣 ①Favorable policies effectively stimulate the development of overseas trade.②Rich practical activities can stimulate teenagers’ enthusiasm for innovation.③The rise of residents’ income helps stimulate domestic consumption. 6. exceed v. 超过；超出 背重点 背写作佳句 1. exceed the target 超出目标2. exceed expectation 超出预期 ①The total export volume of this year has greatly exceeded that of the previous year.②The growth pace of urbanization has exceeded experts’ early prediction.③Don’t let your spending exceed your available budget in daily life. 7. innovation n. 创新；革新 背重点 背写作佳句 1. technological innovation 科技创新2. promote innovation 推动创新 ①Technological innovation is the key to boosting the development of modern industry.②More investment should be put into the field of agricultural innovation.③E-commerce is a typical innovation changing people’s traditional shopping mode. 8. annual adj. 每年的；年度的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. annual income 年收入2. annual output 年产量 ①The annual GDP growth of the region keeps stable thanks to effective economic reform.②The factory’s annual export volume increases by 10 percent on average every year.③The club holds an annual activity to collect contributions for poor areas. 9. establish v. 建立；使得到认可 背重点 背写作佳句 1. establish a system 建立制度2. establish a company 创办企业 ①Many overseas businessmen choose to establish factories in developing inland regions.②It took decades to establish the complete customs management system.③Scientists try to establish new theories based on repeated experiments. 10. financial adj. 财政的；金融的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. financial support 资金扶持2. financial crisis 金融危机 ①The government provides financial support to help poor areas develop agriculture.②Many small merchants suffered heavy losses during the global financial crisis.③Reasonable financial management helps enterprises avoid unnecessary risks. 四．单元短语 1.（使）加速 speed up 2.（比例、数量）占 account for 3.平均 on average 4.连续几次地 in a row 5.查证；核实 check out 6.首先 first of all 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元语法 非谓语动词 一、不定式 to do（核心含义：将来、目的、具体动作） 1. 作宾语 后接to do的动词：want, decide, afford, refuse, manage, hope, plan, pretend, fail, choose - She managed to finish all the tasks ahead of schedule. 她设法提前完成了全部任务。 - He refused to give up his dream of studying abroad. 他不肯放弃出国留学的梦想。 it作形式宾语：find/think/believe + it + adj. + to do - We think it important to master a foreign language. 2. 宾补：动词＋sb＋to do 常用：ask, tell, encourage, allow, advise, persuade, require, warn - Teachers encourage us to take part in after-class activities. 特殊使役&感官：make/let/have sb do；see/watch/hear sb do（主动省to，被动还原to） - The boss made him work overtime. - He was made to work overtime.（被动加to） 3. 作状语（多表目的、结果） 目的：To improve his grades, he stays up every night. 结果：He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.（出乎意料结果only to do） 4. 复合不定式：It + adj. + for/of sb to do - It is necessary for us to develop good reading habits.（客观→for） - It’s generous of him to donate so much money.（人品→of） 5. wh‑to do：what/how/when/where＋to do - I haven’t decided where to spend the coming holiday. 二、doing（两类：动名词【名词性】、现在分词【形容词/副词性，主动、进行】） （1）动名词 doing：充当主语、宾语、表语 ① 作宾语（固定动词只加doing） finish, enjoy, practice, mind, suggest, avoid, imagine, escape, consider - He avoids making the same mistake again. - Would you mind opening the window? 易混词组（高考必考点） 1. remember to do 记得要去做；remember doing 记得做过 I remember locking the door.（已锁）/ Remember to lock the door.（要去锁） 2. stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件；stop doing 停下正在做 - They stopped to have a rest. / They stopped talking when the teacher entered. 特殊：need doing = need to be done（某物需要被…） The old house needs repairing. = The old house needs to be repaired. ② 作主语 Reading widely helps enlarge your vocabulary. （2）现在分词 doing：表主动、进行，作定语/状语 1. 定语：the developing countries 发展中国家（正在发展，主动） 2. 状语（逻辑主语=主句主语，主动、伴随/时间/原因） - Seeing from the window, she found a bird flying in the sky.（主动，同时发生） - Being short of money, he gave up travelling.（原因状语） 三、过去分词 done：表被动＋完成，作定语、状语、宾补 1. 定语 the broken cup 破碎的杯子（被打碎）；the used books 旧书（被用过） 2. 状语（逻辑主语被动） - Seen from the mountain top, the whole city looks amazing. 从山顶望去，整座城市景色绝美。（city被看→Seen） 3. 宾补 have/get sth done：请别人做某事 I will have my bike repaired tomorrow. 我明天找人修自行车。 四、独立主格（高考难点：非谓语自带逻辑主语，和主句主语不一致） 结构：名词/代词＋非谓语 - Weather permitting, we will go hiking this weekend. 天气允许的话，我们周末去徒步。（weather和permit主动→doing） - The task finished, we went home immediately. 任务完成，我们立刻回家。（task被完成→done） 六．单元写作 开头（3句英文） 1. Since China carried out reform and opening-up policy decades ago, the booming cross-border trade has greatly fueled the steady and rapid growth of domestic economy. 2. Learning basic economic and trade knowledge enables teenagers to form scientific and rational consumption values amid the ever-changing global market environment. 3. International trade connecting different countries and regions all over the world plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the process of global economic integration. 中间要点三点 ①益处：互通资源、拉动就业、推动全球经济一体化； ②现状：外贸丰富日用商品，物价随供需与外贸环境浮动； ③做法：学生关注财经资讯，拒绝超前透支消费。 高分词汇：rational consumption理性消费；trade barrier贸易壁垒；economic integration经济一体化 结尾（3句英文） 1. With the continuous deepening of global economic cooperation, cross-border trade will keep bringing practical benefits to ordinary consumers from every corner of the world. 2. It is advisable for senior high students to accumulate basic economic knowledge step by step so as to adapt to the complicated economic environment in the future. 3. Healthy and orderly international trade will continue to be a powerful driving force for the sustainable development of global economy. Unit 3 Delving into History 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. canal n. 运河；灌溉渠 2. infrastructural adj. 基础设施的 3. extend v. 延伸；扩展 4. link v. 连接；联系 5. province n. 省份；行政区 6. stretch v. 延伸；拉长 7. goods n. 商品；货品 8. opt v. 选择；挑选 9. manmade adj. 人造的；非天然的 10. channel n. 水道；航道 11. foundation n. 地基；基础 12. undergo v. 经历；经受 13. various adj. 各种各样的 14. transfer v. 转移；搬迁 15. devise v. 设计；想出 16. feed v. 养活；饲养 17. elect v. 选举；挑选 18. appoint v. 任命；委任 19. hydraulic adj. 液压的；水力的 20. permit v./n. 允许；准许 21. ambitious adj. 费力的；有雄心的 22. large-scale adj. 大规模的 23. lifeline n. 命脉；生命线 24. empire n. 帝国 25. income n. 收入；收益 26. port n. 港口；避风港 27. chief adj. 首要的；主要的 28. thrive v. 繁荣；茁壮成长 29. porcelain n. 瓷器 30. agriculture n. 农业；农学 二、单词拓展 1. improve v.改善 → improvement(n.)改进；改善 2. permit v.允许 → permission(n.)许可证 3. expand v.扩张 → expansion(n.)扩张；扩大 4. economy n.经济 → economic(adj.)经济的 5. vary v.变化 → various(adj.)各种各样的 6. operate v.操作 → operation(n.)手术；运转 7. thrive v.兴旺 → thrival(n.)繁荣 8. perform v.表演 → performance(n.)演出；表演 9. value n.价值 → invaluable(adj.)极宝贵的 10. relate v.联系 → diplomatic(adj.)外交的 11. commerce n.商业 → commercial(adj.)商业的 12. religion n.宗教 → religious(adj.)宗教的 三、常考单词 1. extend v. 延伸；扩展；延长 背重点 背写作佳句 1. extend to 延伸至2. extend sth into 把某物拓展成 ①The canal extends to several provinces and improves local transportation greatly.②Farmers extend their farmland to grow more cotton for textile production.③The project will extend its construction time to meet the practical need. 2. link v. 连接；联结 n. 联系 背重点 背写作佳句 1. link A to/with B 把 A 和 B 相连2. link up 衔接；连通 ①Waterways link inland cities with coastal ports across the whole country.②Experts find a close link between trade expansion and economic growth.③New railways link remote mountain areas to major commercial centres. 3. undergo v. 经历；经受 背重点 背写作佳句 1. undergo changes 经历变革2. undergo hardships 经受磨难 ①The old city has undergone great changes after the completion of the water project.②Many traditional crafts underwent hard times before getting widespread attention.③Local agriculture underwent rapid expansion thanks to convenient water supply. 4. transfer v. 转移；搬迁；调任 背重点 背写作佳句 1. transfer from…to… 从…… 迁往……2. transfer sth to sp 把某物转运至某地 ①Goods are transferred by ships from coastal ports to inland markets every year.②Many workers transferred their living places to areas near the new canal.③The government plans to transfer part of industry to arid inland regions. 5. appoint v. 任命；委任 背重点 背写作佳句 1. appoint sb as… 任命某人为……2. appoint sb to do sth 指派某人做某事 ①The government appointed experts to devise plans for the large-scale project.②He was appointed as the chief in charge of port construction work.③Officials appointed skilled workers to operate the newly-built hydraulic equipment. 6. thrive v. 繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展 背重点 背写作佳句 1. thrive on 依靠…… 蓬勃发展2. thrive in 在…… 环境中兴盛 ①Local trade thrived greatly with convenient inland and sea transportation.②Fruits and cotton thrive well on the irrigated farmland beside the canal.③Small pawnshops once thrived along the busy ancient commercial routes. 7. divert v. 使转向；绕道；转移 背重点 背写作佳句 1. divert sth from…to… 将某物从…… 引向……2. divert water 引水 ①The project diverts river water from wet areas to dry and arid farmland.②Road builders diverted the original route to avoid ancient cultural relics.③Farmers divert water to their fields to improve crop production. 8. prove v. 证明；证实 背重点 背写作佳句 1. prove (to be)+adj. 证明是……2. prove sth to sb 向某人证实某事 ①The ancient canal proves to be a vital lifeline for regional economic development.②Facts prove that convenient transport promotes the expansion of commodity trade.③The handmade porcelain proves popular among overseas merchants. 9. restrict v. 限制；限定 背重点 背写作佳句 1. restrict sth to… 把某物限定在……2. restrict access 限制准入 ①Strict rules restrict the exploitation of natural resources near the coastal strait.②The law restricts illegal trade of valuable jade and ivory materials.③Bad weather restricted ships from leaving the port on schedule. 10. gain v. 获得；取得 n. 收益 背重点 背写作佳句 1. gain from 从…… 获益2. gain income 赚取收入 ①Farmers gain a lot of income from improved agricultural production.②Countries along the ancient route gained huge profits from silk and porcelain trade.③Local economy gains steady development with completed infrastructure. 四．单元短语 1. 以……为基础 base on 2. 完成；实施 carry out 3. 为……铺平道路；创造条件 pave the way for 4. 陆路 by land 5. 海路 by sea 6. 导致；引起 bring about 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元语法 倒装句（部分+完全倒装） 1.部分倒装 ①否定词(never/seldom/not only)置于句首 例：Seldom do modern youngsters realize how profound and lasting the historical influence of the Silk Road is. 译：当代青少年很少意识到丝绸之路深远持久的历史影响。 例：Not only did the Grand Canal promote ancient inland commodity trade, but it also accelerated cultural fusion between north and south China. 译：大运河不仅推动古代内陆商贸，还促进了南北文化交融。 ②Only+状语放句首，主句倒装 例：Only by researching massive historical documents and cultural relics can we draw precious experience from the rise and fall of ancient dynasties. 译：唯有研读大量史料文物，我们才能从王朝兴衰中汲取宝贵经验。 ③so…that…so提前倒装 例：So important is learning history that every young generation is supposed to spare time to explore traditional culture. 译：学史至关重要，每一代年轻人都该抽空探寻传统文化。 2.完全倒装 ①方位副词放句首，名词倒装、代词不倒装 例：Away flies the ancient carriage pictured in history textbooks. 译：历史课本上画的那辆古马车飞驰远去。 ②地点介词短语置于句首 例：Along the bank of the ancient Grand Canal lie dozens of well-preserved ancient towns with splendid traditional customs. 译：古运河沿岸坐落着数十座保存完好、风俗浓郁的古镇。 六．单元写作 开头（3句英文） 1. Exploring splendid Chinese long history not only broadens teenagers’ horizons but also effectively strengthens our national cultural confidence and national identity. 2. The Silk Road and Grand Canal, priceless precious historical treasures of our country, fully record the brilliant prosperity of ancient Chinese civilization. 3. History faithfully records the rise and fall of different dynasties and passes down valuable spiritual wealth for later generations to learn from. 中间三点 ①价值：丝绸之路、大运河促进古代商贸与中外文化交流； ②意义：以史为鉴，从历史教训助力个人成长、传承民族精神； ③行动：逛博物馆、读正史、主动了解历史遗迹。 高分词汇：historical relic历史遗迹；inherit civilization传承文明；draw lessons from history以史为鉴 结尾（3句英文） 1. Never should we ignore precious historical heritage, for it serves as the eternal spiritual root of our whole Chinese nation. 2. It is our unavoidable obligation as young generations to protect existing historical sites and carry forward outstanding fine traditional culture. 3. Learning from history will always guide us to make wiser choices in personal growth and social development. Unit 4 Approaching Classics 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. shark n. 鲨鱼 2. swing v. 摇摆；摆动 3. wrap v. 包裹；缠绕 4. lash v. 捆绑；猛抽 5. jaw n. 下巴；颌 6. taut adj. 绷紧的 7. shiver v. 发抖；哆嗦 8. snap v. 断裂；折断 9. harpoon n. 鱼叉 10. bleed v. 流血 11. sting v. 蜇；刺伤 12. current n. 水流；洋流 13. oar n. 船桨 14. cock n. 公鸡 15. crow v. 公鸡啼鸣 16. twitter v. 小鸟啾鸣 17. glitter v. 闪闪发光 18. cattle n. 牛（总称） 19. graze v. （牛羊）吃草；放牧 20. prevail v. 盛行；普遍存在 二、单词拓展 1. paralyze v. 使瘫痪 →paralyzed(adj.)瘫痪的 2. bear v. 忍受 →unbearable(adj.)难以忍受的 3. bleed v. 流血 →bleeding(n.)出血 4. joy n. 快乐 →joyful(adj.)快乐的 5. current n.水流 →currently(adv.)目前；当下 三、常考单词 1. swing v.（使）弧线运动；转变（观点 / 情绪） 背重点 背写作佳句 1. swing from…to… 从…… 转向……2. swing around 转身；转圈 ①Public opinion may swing from support to opposition facing unexpected risks.②The branches swing back and forth in the strong wind beside the river.③His mood swung from excitement to disappointment after the accident. 2. wrap v. 缠绕；包裹 背重点 背写作佳句 1. wrap sth around sth 用某物缠绕……2. wrap up 裹紧；收尾 ①People wrap thick cloth around their bodies to avoid shivering in cold weather.②She wrapped the injured part tightly to stop it from bleeding heavily.③We wrapped up our outdoor activity before the sudden heavy rain came. 3. bleed v. 流血；失血 背重点 背写作佳句 1. bleed badly 大出血2. bleed from… 从…… 部位流血 ①The wounded fish began to bleed badly after being hooked by fishermen.②If your arm bleeds continuously, you need to get medical treatment quickly.③The animal bled for hours before being rescued from the trap. 4. shiver v.（因寒冷 / 恐惧）颤抖；哆嗦 背重点 背写作佳句 1. shiver with cold/fear 冷得 / 吓得发抖 ①The travelers shiver with cold when sailing on the sea in chilly wind.②Small animals shiver at the sight of dangerous sharks nearby the boat.③She shivered with excitement when seeing rare wild cattle on the grassland. 5. paralyze v. 使麻痹；使瘫痪 背重点 背写作佳句 1. be paralyzed with fear 吓得动弹不得2. paralyze one’s leg 使腿部瘫痪 ①A serious sting from the sea fish may paralyze part of a person’s body temporarily.②Many people were paralyzed with fear at the sudden attack of wild creatures.③Bad disease paralyzed his feet and changed his whole living pattern. 6. unbearable adj. 难以忍受的；无法接受的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. unbearable pain 难以忍受的疼痛2. unbearable weather 恶劣难熬的天气 ①The unbearable pain from the spur on foot made him unable to walk normally.②The hot and damp climate becomes unbearable for travelers on summer voyages.③People can’t stand the unbearable noise near the busy coastal dock. 7. current n. 水流；气流 adj. 当前的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. sea current 洋流2. current situation 当下局势 ①Strong sea current drives small speedboats to move faster along the coastline.②Fishermen must learn about ocean current before going out to catch sharks.③Based on the current data, the local fish population prevails in this sea area. 8. graze v.（牛羊等）啃食青草；放牧 背重点 背写作佳句 1. graze on grass 啃食牧草2. graze cattle 放牛放牧 ①Groups of cattle graze freely on the bare countryside every warm afternoon.②Sheep graze quietly while cocks crow and birds twitter around the farmland.③Rich grassland allows more livestock to graze and grow well all year round. 9. prevail v. 盛行；普遍存在 背重点 背写作佳句 1. prevail in/at 在某地盛行2. prevail over 战胜；压倒 ①This kind of custom still prevails among fishermen living beside the bay.②Warm and wet weather prevails in the coastal area most of the year.③Kindness and cooperation finally prevail over conflict in daily life. 10. glitter v. 闪亮；光彩夺目 背重点 背写作佳句 1. glitter with… 闪烁着…… 光芒 ①The sea surface glitters with sunlight when gentle current flows slowly.②Dewdrops glitter on grass where cattle graze early every morning.③Her eyes glitter with joy when hearing the good news of successful fishing. 四．单元短语 1. 踩；踏上 step on 2. 忙于做某事 at work (on sth) 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元语法 虚拟语气 1. 对现在虚拟：从句过去式，be统一用were 例：I wish I had enough spare time to finish reading the full versions of those world-famous literary classics. 译：我真希望有充足空闲读完这些世界名著全本。 例：If only we were free from heavy homework to appreciate ancient Chinese poetry in our spare daily life. 译：要是没有繁重作业，平日有空品读古诗词就好了。 2. 对过去虚拟：had done（后悔过往） 例：I wish I had spent more spare time reading various literary works during my junior high school days. 译：我真后悔初中没多花时间阅读各类文学作品。 例：If only I had taken the English teacher’s useful advice to stick to daily classic reading habits years ago. 译：要是几年前听从老师建议坚持每日读经典就好了。 3. 对将来虚拟：would/could/might do（渺茫愿望） 例：I wish I could set aside one fixed hour every single day to enjoy high-quality classic literature in the coming future. 译：但愿今后我每天能固定腾出一小时品读优质经典。 区分：if only感叹句；wish接宾语从句，作文抒情段专用。 六．单元写作 开头（3句英文） 1. Reading outstanding classic literature is an effective and rewarding approach to enrich people’s inner spiritual world and improve personal literary accomplishment. 2. A great many timeless classic works ranging from ancient Chinese poetry to world-famous foreign novels leave endless precious spiritual wealth for human beings of all ages. 3. Nowadays, numerous teenagers overlook regular classic reading due to heavy daily coursework and short-video temptation, which arouses widespread concern among teachers and parents. 中间三点 ①好处：陶冶性情、积累写作素材、感悟人生哲理； ②现状：课业+短视频挤占时间，学生普遍疏于阅读名著； ③对策：学校开设赏析课，学生利用碎片时间零星阅读。 高分词汇：cultivate temperament陶冶情操；literary accomplishment文学素养；fragmented spare time碎片时间 结尾（3句英文） 1. If only more teenagers could truly realize the everlasting charm of classic literary works and keep the habit of reading all the time. 2. Those timeless classical masterpieces are invaluable spiritual treasures that deserve continuous appreciation from generations of young people. 3. Persistent reading of classics will continuously nourish our soul and lay a solid foundation for our future study and personal development. 一、单句语法填空 1．He wants to express his deep (sympathetic) to the family. 【答案】sympathy 【详解】句意：他想向这个家庭表达他深深的同情。express one’s sympathy表示“表达某人的同情” ，在句中sympathy作express的宾语。 2．Looking at our finished work, we felt a sense of . (satisfy) 【答案】satisfaction 【详解】句意：看着我们完成的作品，我们感到一种满足感。空处需用名词作介词of的宾语；satisfy为动词，意为“使满意”，其名词形式为satisfaction，意为“满足/满意”；a sense of satisfaction为固定搭配，意为“一种满足感”。 3．I figure that the experiment goes (horrible) wrong. 【答案】horribly 【详解】句意：我认为这个实验出了严重的差错。根据“wrong”可知，此处修饰形容词wrong，应用副词形式，horrible的副词为horribly。 4．Going on a spontaneous road trip is a way you can imagine (escape) from the daily routine and have some fun. 【答案】to escape 【详解】句意：来一场说走就走的公路旅行，是你能想到的摆脱日常生活、找点乐趣的一种方式。句中you can imagine是定语从句，修饰前面的a way，a way to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“做某事的方式”，用动词不定式作后置定语，因此空格处需要用不定式to escape。 5．A new snack called “milk skin tanghulu” (sweep) across China currently, becoming a major internet sensation. 【答案】is sweeping 【详解】句意：一种名为“奶皮子糖葫芦”的新零食目前正风靡中国，成为网络上的热门话题。空处作谓语，根据“currently”可知，此处表示“正风靡中国”，时态应用现在进行时，且主语snack是单数，be动词用is。 6．Her performance won cheers and (applaud) from the crowd. 【答案】applause 【详解】考查名词。句意：她的表演赢得了人群的欢呼和掌声。此处需要填名词与cheers并列作won的宾语，applaud的名词形式是applause，表示“掌声，喝彩”，为不可数名词。故填applause。 7． (rely) on digital platforms, the organizers created scenarios(场景) for public engagement. 【答案】Relying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：借助数字平台，组织者设计了促进公众参与的方案。rely 与其逻辑主语the organizers 存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。首字母大写。故填Relying。 8．Due to the (appear) of science and technology, we can travel long distances in the fraction of a second on planes and cars. 【答案】appearance 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于科学技术的出现，我们能乘坐飞机和汽车在转瞬之间远行。作介词的宾语，用名词appearance“出现”，不可数。故填appearance。 9．With the morning light of early summer breaking over the (mist) hills of Jiangkou County... 【答案】misty 【详解】考查形容词。句意：随着初夏的晨光洒在江口县雾气缭绕的山丘上……。本空修饰名词hills，作前置定语，应用形容词misty“多雾的，雾气缭绕的”。故填misty。 10．The large team (compose) of energetic teenagers finally finished the hard task ahead of time. 【答案】composed 【详解】句意：这支由精力充沛的青少年组成的大型队伍，最终提前完成了这项艰巨的任务。本句谓语为finished，空处作后置定语修饰主语 The large team，因此要使用非谓语形式。be composed of表示“由……组成”，作后置定语时需要省略be动词，因此用过去分词形式 composed。 11． (locate) in the heart of the city, the library attracts countless readers who are eager to improve themselves every day. 【答案】Located 【详解】句意：这座图书馆位于市中心，每天都吸引着无数渴望提升自我的读者。be located in表示“位于”，此处用过去分词Located作状语，首字母大写。 12．No longer (limit) to prescriptions taken in times of sickness, it now appears in coffee cups, bread baskets and takeaway drinks, taking on a wholly new look. 【答案】limited 【详解】句意：它不再仅限于生病时服用的药方，如今还出现在咖啡杯、面包篮以及外卖饮品中，呈现出全新的面貌。分析句子可知，此处为固定搭配：be limited to“局限于……”，结合句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语it与limit是被动关系，用过去分词 limited。 13．Learning basic (finance) management skills is important for teenagers to plan their pocket money wisely. 【答案】financial 【详解】句意：学习基本的财务管理技能对青少年明智地规划零花钱非常重要。根据空后名词短语management skills可知，空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词，finance的形容词形式为financial，表示“金融的，财政的”。 14．With a positive attitude and persistent efforts, we are bound to achieve a full physical and mental (recover) after going through difficulties. 【答案】recovery 【详解】句意：以积极的态度和不懈的努力，我们一定能在经历困难后实现身心完全康复。空处作achieve的宾语，且被形容词physical and mental修饰，应用名词recovery，表示“康复”。 15．Long hours of work, along with physical inactivity, can lead to high blood pressure and increased energy (consume). 【答案】consumption 【详解】句意：长时间工作加上缺乏运动，会引发高血压并加剧能量消耗。此处为名词作宾语，动词consume的名词形式为consumption，意为“消耗”。 16． (lose) in thought, he didn’t notice the traffic signal and drove through the red light. 【答案】Lost 【详解】句意：陷入沉思中，他没注意交通信号灯，闯了红灯。设空处为非谓语动词作状语，和主语之间是被动关系，应用过去分词lost，句首单词首字母大写。 17．They demanded a highly aesthetic space, (decorate) with fine stationery, so that they could be isolated from disturbing affairs. 【答案】decorated 【详解】句意：他们要求一个极具美感的空间，装饰着精美的文具，以便能远离烦扰之事。句中已有谓语动词demanded，此处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰space。space与decorate之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。 18．Using musical heritage as an emotional entry point (combine) with modern tourism brands, it transformed the konghou into a living art form.   【答案】combined 【详解】句意：以音乐遗产为情感切入点，并与现代旅游品牌相结合，它将箜篌转化为一种鲜活的艺术形式。本句已有谓语transformed，空格处为非谓语动词；逻辑主语 musical heritage与combine“结合”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。 19．In this museum, you can see many (religion) paintings. 【答案】religious 【详解】句意：在这座博物馆里，你能看到许多宗教题材的画作。修饰名词paintings，需用形容词religious，作定语。 20．Applying to attend (variety) clubs is a process where students can greatly practice their communication ability. 【答案】various 【详解】句意：申请参加各种各样的俱乐部是一个学生可以极大地锻炼沟通能力的过程。空处修饰名词clubs，需用形容词作定语，variety的形容词形式为various，意为“各种各样的”。 21．Some worry that the (commerce) development of scenic spots will destroy ancient towns’ beauty. 【答案】commercial 【详解】句意：一些人担心景区的商业化发展会破坏古镇的美感。此处为形容词修饰名词development，commerce是名词，其形容词为commercial作定语，意为“商业的”。 22．Besides, the results of the examinations always bring the worry and anxiety of the students. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】about 【详解】考查介词。句意：此外，考试结果总是会引起学生的担忧和焦虑。结合句意可知，此处为固定短语bring about“导致，引起”。故填about。 23．The (expand) of the city’s subway system will greatly improve commuting for residents. 【答案】expansion 【详解】考查名词。句意：城市地铁系统的扩建将极大地改善居民的通勤状况。作主语，用名词expansion，不可数。故填expansion。 24．Though the task is tough, his (ambition) dream drives him to keep moving forward. 【答案】ambitious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然任务艰巨，但他雄心勃勃的梦想激励着他继续前进。空处作修饰dream的定语，形容词ambitious符合题意，意为“雄心勃勃的”。故填ambitious。 25．The summer heat in this city is almost (bear), forcing many residents to stay indoors during the daytime. 【答案】unbearable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这座城市的夏季酷热简直让人难以忍受，以至于许多居民白天都不得不待在室内。空处应填形容词作表语，结合“forcing many residents to stay indoors during the daytime”可知，此处指夏季酷热让人难以忍受，使用形容词unbearable，故填unbearable。 26．She (blood) heavily after giving birth, and the medical team had to take immediate measures to ensure her safety. 【答案】bled 【详解】考查时态。句意：她在分娩后大出血，医疗队不得不立即采取措施确保她的安全。空格处用动词作谓语，blood的动词是bleed，意为“流血”，由had可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式bled，故填bled。 27．In the (currency) economic situation, switching careers may not be such a good idea. 【答案】current 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在目前的经济形势下，转行可能不是个好主意。形容词 “current”作定语修饰 “economic situation” ，表示 “在当前的经济形势下”。故填current。 28．The (pursue) of the ultimate truth of the universe is the final objective and destination of civilization. 【答案】pursuit 【详解】考查名词。句意：对宇宙终极真理的追求是文明的最终目标和归宿。根据空前的The和空后的of可知，空处应填名词作主语，pursue的名词形式是pursuit，意为“追求”，此处为不可数名词。故填pursuit。 29．You are to meet with challenges in the (pursue) of success and through greater efforts and hard work, your dream will definitely come true. 【答案】pursuit 【详解】考查名词。句意：在追求成功的过程中，你要迎接挑战，通过更大的努力，你的梦想一定会实现。根据“the...of”可知，空处应为名词，作宾语；pursuit为名词，表示“追求”，符合句意。故填pursuit。 30．Last night, she (swing) around to him, spilling her tea without noticing it. 【答案】swung 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：昨晚，她在他身边晃来晃去，不小心把茶洒了。根据时间状语Last night可知，句子用一般过去时，故填swung。 二、翻译 31．正是他的好奇心使他又有了新的发明。(It)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It was his curiosity that enabled him to make another new invention. 【详解】考查强调句型。句子使用强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分，强调“他的好奇心”，句子描述过去的情况，be动词使用was，“他的好奇心”his curiosity，“使某人能做某事”enable sb. to do sth.，动词使用过去式形式，“他”使用宾格形式him，作enabled的宾语，“又有了新的发明”make another new invention。故翻译为It was his curiosity that enabled him to make another new invention. 32．他家隔壁的餐馆开始使用机器人送餐了。(deliver) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The restaurant next door to his house has started using robots to deliver meals. 【详解】考查动词和时态。“他家隔壁的餐馆”翻译为the restaurant next door to his house，名词短语作主语；“开始……了”强调动作完成，故用现在完成时has started。“用机器人送餐”翻译为use robots to deliver meals，start doing是固定搭配，所以use用动名词形式。故整句翻译为The restaurant next door to his house has started using robots to deliver meals. 33．她每天对着镜子练习英语口语，这使她不久就能和房东用英语沟通了。(which) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】She practiced oral English in front of the mirror every day, which enabled her to communicate with the landlord in English soon. 【详解】考查定语从句。该句子可以用一个主从复合句表示，句子描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时；“她”是she；“练习英语口语”翻译为practise oral English；“对着镜子”翻译为in front of the mirror；“每天”翻译为every day；所以主句部分翻译为She practised oral English in front of the mirror every day。“这使她不久就能和房东用英语沟通了”可以用which引导的非限制性定语从句表示；“这”用关系代词which代替上文提到的情况在从句中作主语；“使……能……”用enable somebody to do表示；“和房东交流”翻译为communicate with the landlord；“用英语”翻译为in English；“不久”用副词soon；所以，从句部分翻译为which enabled her to communicate with the landlord in English soon。故整句翻译为She practised oral English in front of the mirror every day, which enabled her to communicate with the landlord in English soon. 34．这座历史博物馆计划通过3D技术重现宋朝古都繁华的市井生活景象。(recreate) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The historical museum plans to recreate the bustling street life scenes of the capital city of the Song Dynasty through 3D technology. 【详解】考查动词短语。“这座历史博物馆”译为the historical museum，“计划做”使用动词短语plan to do，“重现”使用动词recreate，“通过3D技术”使用介词短语through 3D technology，“宋朝古都繁华的市井生活景象”译为the bustling street life scenes of the capital city of the Song Dynasty，句子是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，主语museum表示单数意义，谓语动词plan使用三单形式，故翻译为：The historical museum plans to recreate the bustling street life scenes of the capital city of the Song Dynasty through 3D technology. 35．为什么他对发生在朋友身上的事情总是一无所知？(how come) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】How come he always knows nothing about what happens to his friends? 【详解】考查时态、固定短语和名词性从句。根据汉语语境可知，句子陈述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时。“为什么，怎么会这样”可使用固定短语“how come”；“他对发生在朋友身上的事情总是一无所知”可使用“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语从句”的结构来表达，其中，“对……一无所知”可使用固定短语“know nothing about…”，“发生在某人身上的事情”可使用固定短语“sth. happen to sb.”，即“he always knows nothing about what happens to his friends”。句子可使用“how come”开头，后接“he always knows nothing about what happens to his friends”。故整句话可译为：How come he always knows nothing about what happens to his friends? 36．这部话剧力求给现场观众带来不同于读小说的体验。（effort）(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The play makes every effort to provide the audience with an experience different from reading novels. 【详解】考查时态、固定短语和非谓语动词。因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时；表示“这部话剧”表达为the play；表示“力求做某事”短语为 make every effort to do sth.；“给某人带来某物”常用结构 provide sb. with sth.；“现场观众”译为the audience；“不同于读小说的”作后置定语修饰“体验”，用形容词短语different from reading novels，其中 from 为介词，后接动名词reading。故整句翻译为The play makes every effort to provide the audience with an experience different from reading novels。 37．我尽力向我的弟弟灌输坚持的重要性，希望能激励他追求自己的梦想。（impress）(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I tried my best to impress on my brother the importance of persistence, hoping (that) I could inspire him to pursue his dreams. 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词、固定短语和宾语从句。根据汉语语境可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。“尽力做某事”可使用固定短语“try one’s best to do sth.”；“向某人灌输某事”可使用固定短语“impress on sb sth.”；“坚持的重要性”可译为“the importance of perseverance”；“激励某人做某事”可使用固定短语“inspire sb. to do sth.”；“追求某人的梦想”可译为“pursue one’s dreams”。故整句话可译为：I tried my best to impress on my brother the importance of persistence, hoping (that) I could inspire him to pursue his dreams. 38．这条街上除了几家咖啡馆开门营业外，大部分屋子门窗紧闭，窗上积起厚厚一片尘埃。（apart from）(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Apart from a few cafes being open, most of the houses on this street have their doors and windows shut , and thick layers of dust have accumulated on the windows. 【详解】考查时态和固定短语。根据汉语语境可知，句子陈述了一般事实和已经发生的状况，应用一般现在时和现在完成时。“这条街上”可译为“on this street”；“除了……外”可使用固定短语“apart from”；“几家咖啡馆”可译为“a few cafes”；营业译为“open”，“大部分屋子门窗紧闭”可译为“most of the houses have their doors and windows shut”,“窗上积起厚厚一片尘埃”可译为“thick layers of dust have accumulated on the windows”。句子可使用“Apart from a few cafes being open”作状语，后接“most of the houses have their doors and windows shut”作主句，“and thick layers of dust have accumulated on the windows”作并列句，进一步描述窗户的状态。故整句话可译为：Apart from a few cafes being open, most of the houses on this street have their doors and windows shut , and thick layers of dust have accumulated on the windows. 39．校餐也要以其他食品的推销方法推销给孩子。（the same way）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】School meals should also be marketed to children in the same way as other foods. 【详解】考查名词短语、动词短语和介词短语。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“校餐”应为名词短语School meals；表示“被推销给”应为动词短语be marketed to；表示“孩子们”为名词children；表示“以同样的方式”应为介词短语in the same way；表示“和其他食物一样”应为介词短语as other foods。故翻译为：School meals should also be marketed to children in the same way as other foods. 40．为了培养学生地道的口音，该大学计划从国外聘请一些英文老师。（handful）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In order to cultivate students' authentic accent, the university plans to hire a handful of English teachers from abroad. 【详解】考查固定短语、动词、名词短语、动词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“为了做某事”应为固定短语In order to do；表示“培养”为动词cultivate；表示“学生地道的口音”应为名词短语students' authentic accent；表示“该大学”为名词the university；表示“计划做某事”应为动词短语plan to do；表示“聘请”为动词hire；表示“一些英文老师”应为名词短语a handful of English teachers；结合句意可知，该句应为一般现在时。故翻译为：In order to cultivate students' authentic accent, the university plans to hire a handful of English teachers from abroad. 41．与这位家喻户晓的建筑师一起工作是一次难忘的经历，是我职业生涯迄今为止的一个亮点。(highlight) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Working with this universally renowned architect was an unforgettable experience, undoubtedly a highlight of my career thus far. 【详解】考查名词。句子描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语中的“与……一起工作”work with，“这位家喻户晓的建筑师”this universally renowned architect，“与这位家喻户晓的建筑师一起工作”作句子主语，需用动名词短语形式working with this universally renowned architect，作主语置于句首，首字母大写，系动词“是”需用过去式，且动名词短语作主语，应用第三人称单数was，表语“一次难忘的经历”an unforgettable experience，同位语“我职业生涯的一个亮点”a highlight of my career，副词“无疑，必定”undoubtedly作状语，“迄今为止”thus far。故翻译为Working with this universally renowned architect was an unforgettable experience, undoubtedly a highlight of my career thus far. 42．主席不仅致力于打造一个科技强国，还号召人们加强科技创新园区的建设，并推动绿色制造业的发展。（call on）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Chairman not only focuses on building a strong country in science and technology but also calls on people to strengthen the construction of science and technology innovation parks and to promote the development of green manufacturing. 【详解】考查not only...but also...并列句、动词短语以及名词短语。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时。“不仅……还……”可以使用not only but also句型，其中第一个分句中，主语是“主席”，翻译为chairman，谓语是“致力于打造”，翻译为focus on building，“科技强国”是宾语，翻译为a strong country in science and technology；第二个分句中，主语仍然是“主席”，谓语是“号召”，按照题目要求，使用call on sb. to do。“科技创新园区”翻译为the construction of science and technology innovation parks。“并推动……”可以处理成另外一个并列分句，和call on sb. to do进行并列，“绿色制造业”翻译为green manufacturing。故整句翻译为The Chairman not only focuses on building a strong country in science and technology but also calls on people to strengthen the construction of science and technology innovation parks and to promote the development of green manufacturing. 43．如今越来越多的学生主动参与到社会实践中去。(volunteer) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Nowadays, an increasing number of students volunteer to participate in social practice activities. 【详解】考查名词（短语）、动词短语和副词。句子描述当前的普遍现象，时态宜用一般现在时；状语“如今”可用副词nowadays，主语“越来越多的学生”可用名词短语an increasing number of students，谓语“主动做某事”可用动词短语volunteer to do，“参与到……中”可用动词短语participate in，“社会实践”可用名词短语social practice activities。故可译为：Nowadays, an increasing number of students volunteer to participate in social practice activities. 44．过去的10年来，生物学家对濒临灭绝的海洋物种表示同情。(threaten) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Over the past decade, biologists have shown sympathy for marine species threatened with extinction. 【详解】考查名词（短语）、动词短语和非谓语动词。时间状语“过去的10年来”可用介词over和名词短语the past decade搭配，句子时态应用现在完成时；主语“生物学家”应用名词biologists，为复数；“对……表示同情”可用动词短语show sympathy for，且show需变为have shown的形式；“海洋物种”可用名词短语marine species；“濒临灭绝的”是修饰species的成分，动词短语be threatened with extinction表示“受到灭绝的威胁，濒临灭绝”，因此用过去分词短语作species的后置定语。故可译为：Over the past decade, biologists have shown sympathy for marine species threatened with extinction. 45．自从2021年被引进中国以来，这家快餐连锁店就不断拓展业务，到现在为止，已经开了60家分店。(launch) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Since it was launched in China in 2021, this fast-food chain has been expanding its business and so far it has opened 60 branches. 【详解】考查时态、短语和句子结构。“这家快餐连锁店就不断拓展业务，到现在为止，已经开了60家分店”是主句，可处理为两个分句，用并列连词and连接，第一分句“这家快餐连锁店就不断拓展业务”的主语“这家快餐连锁店”用this fast-food chain，“不断拓展业务”用动词短语expand its business表示，结合时间状语“自从2021年被引进中国以来”可知，描述从过去持续到现在的行为，谓语动词expand用现在完成进行时态has been expanding its business，第二分句“到现在为止，已经开了60家分店”补充主语it，时间状语“到现在为止”用固定短语so far表示，“开了60家分店”译为open 60 branches，结合时间状语，描述过去持续到现在的行为，谓语动词open用现在完成时态has opened；“自从2021年被引进中国以来”作全句的时间状语，可处理为since引导的时间状语从句，补充主语it，时间状语“2021年”用介词短语in 2021表示，“被引进中国”用被动语态be launched in China，描述过去发生的事情，谓语用一般过去时的被动语态was launched in China。综上，全句译为：Since it was launched in China in 2021, this fast-food chain has been expanding its business and so far it has opened 60 branches. 46．然而，令人印象深刻的不是它的冗长，恰恰相反——是它简洁紧凑的结构。(construction) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】However, what is impressive is not its length; on the contrary, it is its concise and compact construction. 【详解】考查名词、形容词、主语从句和介词短语。本句可拆分为两个分句，用分号连接；第一分句中“然而”用连接副词however，与句子主干用逗号隔开，主语“令人印象深刻的”可译为主语从句what is impressive，谓语部分“不是”用is not表示，描述客观事实用一般现在时态，“它的冗长”作表语，用its length表示；第二分句“恰恰相反——是它简洁紧凑的结构”用中“恰恰相反”用介词短语on the contrary，补充主语it，谓语“是”用系动词is，表语“它简洁紧凑的结构”译为its concise and compact construction。综上，全句译为：However, what is impressive is not its length. On the contrary, it is its concise and compact construction. 47．压力大时，我喜欢听些轻音乐放松一下。(feel like)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 When I am under great pressure, I feel like listening to some light music to relax myself. 【详解】句子为复合句，描述经常性的动作，应用一般现在时。“压力大时”可处理为时间状语从句，用when引导，“压力大”可用be under great pressure，主语为I，be动词用am；主句“我喜欢听些轻音乐放松一下”中，“喜欢做某事”用固定短语feel like doing sth.，“听些轻音乐”译为listen to some light music，“放松一下”为目的状语，用不定式短语to relax myself表达。 48．记住：任何时候都不要低估自己的潜能，你所有的努力都会有回报。(mind)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Bear in mind that you should never underestimate your own potential at any time, and all your efforts will pay off. 【详解】“记住”可翻译为固定短语bear in mind，此处为祈使句，句首用动词原形；其后接that引导的宾语从句，从句主语为you；“任何时候都不要低估……”可翻译为never underestimate...at any time，never表否定，置于情态动词should之后、实义动词underestimate之前；“自己的潜能”可翻译为your own potential；“你所有的努力都会有回报”可翻译为all your efforts will pay off，根据句意“都会”可知，应用一般将来时will pay off。本句话使用固定句型“祈使句+and+简单句”。 49．她能把挑战视作自我提升的机会而不是成功路上的绊脚石，这让我们很欣慰。(perceive)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It makes us gratified that she can perceive challenges as chances for self-improvement instead of stumbling blocks on the road to success。 【详解】句子为客观陈述事实，整体使用一般现在时。主句主干为“这让我们很欣慰”，可用It makes us gratified that...句型，It作形式主语，that引导真正主语从句。主语从句主语为“她”即she，“能把……视作”用固定搭配can perceive...as...，“挑战”是challenges，“自我提升的机会”译为chances for self-improvement，“而不是”用instead of，“成功路上的绊脚石”译为stumbling blocks on the road to success。 50．专家们突然意识到，严重的地震过后，灾民的心理疏导刻不容缓，否则容易引发诸多负面情绪。(strike)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Experts suddenly realized that after a severe earthquake struck, the psychological counseling for disaster victims admitted of no delay, otherwise it would easily cause a lot of negative emotions. 【详解】“专家们”翻译为experts，为句子的主语，“突然意识到”可翻译suddenly realized，realize为句子的谓语动词，句子陈述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时；后面接that引导的宾语从句，“严重的地震过后”可翻译为after a severe earthquake struck，after引导时间状语从句，其中struck为strike的过去式，作不及物动词，表示“（灾害）侵袭、发生”；“灾民的心理疏导”可翻译为the psychological counseling for disaster victims；“刻不容缓”可使用固定短语admit of no delay，admit为句子的谓语动词，陈述过去的事实，用一般过去时；“否则”翻译为otherwise，“容易引发诸多负面情绪”可翻译为it would easily cause a lot of negative emotions。 $