专题02 名词性从句（期末复习讲义）高二英语下学期沪外版

专题02 名词性从句（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 主语从句 掌握 that/what/whether 等引导主语从句的用法；理解 it 作形式主语的常见句型；能判断从句在句中作主语的情况。 在语法填空中常以 “it 作形式主语” 的形式考查，也常出现在阅读理解长难句中；重点考查 that 在句首主语从句中不能省略，以及 whether/if 的用法区别。 宾语从句 掌握 that/what/whether 等引导宾语从句的用法；理解不同动词、介词后宾语从句的特点；能区分宾语从句中 that 可省与不可省的情况。 语法填空、写作中均高频出现；重点考查从句语序、时态呼应、whether/if 的选用，以及介词后 that 的省略规则。 表语从句 掌握 that/what/whether 等引导表语从句的用法；理解系动词后表语从句的功能；能区分表语从句与定语从句。 多在阅读理解和语法填空中考查；重点考查 that 不省略的规则，以及 what 在从句中作成分的用法，易与定语从句混淆。 同位语从句 掌握 that/whether 等引导同位语从句的用法；理解其解释抽象名词内容的功能；能区分同位语从句与定语从句。 语法填空、阅读理解中常考；重点考查 that 不作成分、不省略的特点，以及与定语从句的区别；常与 fact/news/idea 等抽象名词结合考查。 一、基础概念 1. 定义 在句中起名词作用的从句，可充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，据此分为四类：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 2. 三大类引导词 1. 连词 that：无词义、不作成分，只起连接；宾语从句可省，其余从句一般不省 2. 连词 whether/if：是否，不作句子成分；if 仅限宾语从句 3. 连接代词 what/which/who/whom/whose（在从句做主 / 宾 / 定，有词义）；连接副词 when/where/why/how（从句作状语） 二、主语从句：从句在主句中作主语 结构 1：从句放句首（引导词开头） 1. That we should develop good reading habits is important. （我们养成良好阅读习惯很重要。that 无含义，不作成分） 2. What matters most is your persistent efforts in daily study. （最重要的是你日复一日坚持不懈的努力。what 在从句作主语） 3. Whether we will go for a field trip depends on the weather. （我们是否外出研学取决于天气。句首表 “是否” 只用 whether，不能用 if） 结构 2：it 作形式主语（高考最高频句型，写作万能） 固定句型：It + be / 不及物动词 + 真正主语从句 1. It is obvious that regular exercise benefits teenagers’ health. （很明显规律运动有益于青少年健康） 2. It remains unknown when the new library will open to students. （新图书馆何时向学生开放仍未可知） 3. It is a fact that more students choose to take part in voluntary work. 常用固定句式： It is strange that… / It is reported that… 据报道 / It happens that… 碰巧 三、宾语从句：放在动词 / 介词后作宾语 1. 动词后接宾语从句（that 可省略） Most students believe (that) sticking to review improves grades steadily. I don’t know whether/if he will take part in the English speech contest. 2. 介词后面只用 whether，禁用 if We are arguing about whether we should put off the outdoor activity. 3. wh 类引导词（在从句充当成分） Could you tell me how we can balance study and hobbies?（how 作方式状语） I can’t decide which book is more suitable for my daily reading.（which 定语） 4. it 作形式宾语（必考：find/think/believe +it+adj.+that 从句） We think it necessary that every student should finish homework independently. （我们认为学生独立完成作业很有必要） 四、表语从句：放在系动词后（be/become/seem/look 等） 表语从句that 一律不能省略 1. My suggestion is that we should set aside time to do sports every day. 2. The problem is how we can raise enough money for the project. 3. That is why many young people prefer to read electronic books. 固定句型：The reason why…is that…（写作必背） The reason why he missed the exam is that he fell ill suddenly. 五、同位语从句：解释前面抽象名词的具体内容（news/fact/idea/promise/question/doubt） 名词 + 引导词 + 从句（解释名词内容），that 不作成分、不省略 1. The news that our school will build a new playground excites all students. （消息：我校要建新操场，解释 news） 2. I have no idea when the monthly exam will be held. 3. There is no doubt that teamwork plays a key role in group tasks. 易错区分：同位语从句 vs 定语从句 · 同位语：that 无成分、只解释名词→The fact that he won the prize surprises us.（从句完整） · 定语：that 在从句充当主 / 宾→The fact that he told me surprises us.（told 缺宾语） 六、核心重难点 1.whether 与 if 区别（高考单选、改错） ✅只能用 whether：①主语从句放句首 ②介词后 ③不定式前 1. Whether to take part in the competition troubles him. 2. It depends on whether we get the teacher’s permission. 2.what/that 核心区分 · that：无词义、从句主谓宾完整； · what：有含义（…… 的事物），从句缺主 / 宾 / 表 ① That he passed the exam surprised us.（句子完整用 that） ② What he said at the meeting surprised us.（said 缺宾语用 what） 七、高考高频写作万能句 1. What I care about most is how to improve my listening skills. 2. It is widely accepted that reading enriches our mind. 3. The truth is that small efforts can lead to great progress. 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1． the troubled airline company can survive the current crisis without government bailout remains an open question. 【答案】Whether 【详解】句意：这家陷入困境的航空公司能否在没有政府救助的情况下度过当下危机，目前仍未有定论。此处引导主语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，但句意不完整，结合句意，此处表示“是否”，所以使用连接词whether，位于句首，首字母需大写。 2． hasn’t been confirmed whether genetically modified food is really safe for humans to eat. 【答案】It 【详解】考查形式主语。句意：转基因食品是否真的对人类安全食用尚未得到证实。句子真正的主语是“whether genetically modified food is really safe for humans to eat(转基因食品是否真的对人类安全食用)”，这是一个主语从句。当主语从句较长时，为了避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语放在句首，而将真正的主语置于句末。句首单词首字母大写，故填It。 3． began as a local festival has blossomed into an international event. 【答案】What 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：起初只是当地的一个节日，如今却发展成了一个国际性的活动。has blossomed为谓语，前面为主语从句；空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语成分，表示物，用连接代词what引导从句，放在句首，首字母大写。故填What。 4． we do should be good for the coexistence of humans and nature. 【答案】Whatever 【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：无论我们做什么都应该有利于人类与自然的共存。Whatever we do是主语从句，Whatever引导该从句，在从句中作do宾语，同时表达“无论什么”的含义，首字母大写。故填Whatever。 5．There is no doubt reading regularly can broaden our horizons and enrich our knowledge. ​ 【答案】that 【详解】句意：毫无疑问，定期阅读可以开阔我们的视野，丰富我们的知识。“There is no doubt that...”是固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”，其中that引导同位语从句，对doubt的内容进行解释说明。 6．She finally accepted the fact she would have to study harder to pass the exam. ​ 【答案】that 【详解】句意：她最终接受了她必须更加努力学习才能通过考试这个事实。此处‌“she would have to study harder to pass the exam”对名词fact进行内容上的完整解释说明，是同位语从句，该从句结构完整、语义完整，不缺少成分，用只起连接作用、无实际含义的that引导。 7．Some economists argue that raising taxes always helps the poor, and this is I disagree. 【答案】where 【详解】句意：一些经济学家认为提高税收总是有助于穷人，而这正是我不认同的地方。此处为表语从句，空格在从句中作地点状语，指代观点、做法等抽象层面的“之处”，需用连接副词where引导。 8．The words and deeds of family members deeply shape children’s character. That’s we should set a good example to our kids. 【答案】why 【详解】句意：家庭成员的言行深深塑造着孩子的性格。这就是为什么我们应该为孩子树立好榜样。根据空前That’s及空后“we should set a good example to our kids”可知，空处需用连接词引导表语从句；结合句意“这就是为什么……”可知，应用That’s why结构，why在从句中作原因状语，符合语境。 9．Even if they never see their results, they feel that their IQ is determines how well they are going to do in life. 【答案】what 【详解】句意：即便从未看到结果，他们也认为智商决定了自己人生的发展好坏。设空处引导表语从句，从句缺少主语，指代事物，用连接代词what引导。 10．Very heavy traffic on a highway, two small children were making life challenging for their parents. A teenager asked he could help. 【答案】whether/if 【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：高速公路上车流量很大，两个小孩让他们父母的日子不好过。一个青少年问他是否能帮忙。分析句子结构，asked后接宾语从句，根据语境，此处表示“是否”，所以用whether或if引导宾语从句，在从句中不充当成分。故填whether/if。 11．Jin State covered most of present-day Shanxi, and its history is a big part of makes Shanxi special. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：晋国覆盖了现在山西的大部分地区，它的历史是使山西独特的很大一部分原因。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，用what引导，表示“什么”。故填what。 12．Her happiness is she has a group of sincere friends who always stand by her. 【答案】because 【详解】句意：她的幸福是因为她拥有一群始终陪伴支持她的挚友。空处引导表语从句，在从句中作原因状语，表示“因为”，应用连接副词because。 13．However, some researchers argue health reasons aren’t necessarily motivate people to get off the couch. 【答案】what 【详解】句意：然而，一些研究人员认为，健康原因未必是驱使人们离开沙发的动因。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“……的东西/事情”，应用连接代词what引导。 14．... a major one is China’s economy has peaked or not due to a decrease in labor supply. 【答案】whether 【详解】句意：……一个主要问题是，劳动力供给减少是否已经导致中国经济触顶。空处引导表语从句，从句成分完整，结合or not可知，需添加“是否”之意，因此用连接词whether。 15．These rural yet modern scenes are appear in the paintings of Zhang Qingyi, a 71-year-old farmer and painter from Shaanxi province. 【答案】what 【详解】句意：这些既充满乡村气息又颇具现代感的画面，正是来自陕西省71岁农民兼画家张青义的画作所呈现的景象。空处引导名词性从句作主句的表语，表语从句缺少主语，结合“These rural yet modern scenes”可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。 16．However, the new product range has got a mixed reaction from play experts, some of whom warn that it may harm makes Lego special for children. 【答案】what 【详解】句意：然而，新推出的产品系列在玩具专家中引起了不同的反应，其中一些专家警告称，这可能会损害乐高产品对于孩子们的独特魅力。空处引导名词性从句作harm的宾语，宾语从句缺少主语，结合“makes Lego special”可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。 17．Medicine should be kept out of children’s reach, which is he always puts it in the top drawer. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：药品应放在儿童够不到的地方，这就是为什么他总是把药放在最上面的抽屉里。空处引导表语从句，从句成分完整，需要原因状语，且强调结果，引用连接副词why作引导词。故填why。 18．What we need to figure out first is we can get enough financial support for the charity project. 【答案】where 【详解】考查表语从句引导词。句意：我们首先需要弄清楚的是，从哪里能为这个慈善项目获得足够的资金支持。这里的表语从句需要表达“从哪里获取资金”的含义，用where引导，故填where。 19．As she worked, I was amazed at how such a bunch of flowers could feel so special. surprised me most was how the hairstyle transformed my appearance. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：当她工作时，我对这样一束花竟然能感觉自己如此特别而感到惊讶。最让我惊讶的是这种发型如何改变了我的外貌。分析句子结构可知，“_____ surprised me most”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表示“(让我惊讶的)事情”，用连接代词what引导从句；句首单词首字母大写。故填What。 20．Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was     it was rather closely modeled on his own life. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：查尔斯・狄更斯喜欢自己的小说《大卫・科波菲尔》，部分原因是这部小说的创作与他自身的生活非常贴近。此处为表语从句，从句位于系动词 was 之后，且从句成分完整、语意完整，需用连词 that 引导，that 仅起连接作用，无实际含义。且当主语为 reason 时，表语从句只能用 that 引导。故填 that。 21．The undeniable fact     AI has profoundly transformed our daily lives poses both unprecedented opportunities and challenges for modern society. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：无可否认的事实——人工智能已深刻改变了我们的日常生活——给现代社会带来了前所未有的机遇和挑战。空格后的部分AI has profoundly transformed our daily lives是同位语从句，对名词fact的内容进行解释说明，从句意义完整，且不缺成分，所以用连词that引导从句。故填that。 22．The answer is to check that your analysis of their body language matches with the person says and how they say it. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：答案是检查你对他们肢体语言的分析是否与他们所说的以及他们说话的方式相匹配。此处为连接词引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指的是事情，应用what。故填what。 23． really counts in our life is not money, but the happiness we share with family. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：在我们的生活中真正重要的不是钱，而是我们与家人分享的快乐。空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处表示“重要的是什么”，用what引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填What。 24．She didn’t manage to finish the task on time. That is she lacked practical experience in this field. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】because 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：她未能按时完成这项任务。这是因为她在这一领域缺乏实践经验。that is because表示“那是因为……”，because引导表语从句。故填because。 25．There is a growing belief among people culture envoys play a vital role in fostering mutual understanding across borders. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：越来越多的人认为，文化使节在促进不同国家之间的相互理解方面发挥着至关重要的作用。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明名词belief的内容，从句结构、意义完整，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。 26． made great efforts to rescue lives in the severe flood deserves recognition from all people. 【答案】Whoever 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：凡是为解救在严重洪水中受困的生命而付出巨大努力的人，都应得到所有人的认可。空处引导主语从句，表示“无论谁”，使用连接代词whoever，首字母应大写，故填Whoever。 27．Our research offers further scientific evidence a mix of positive and negative emotions promotes well-being. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我们的研究提供了进一步的科学证据，表明积极和消极情绪的混合会促进幸福感。本空引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句不缺成分或含义，用that引导。故填that。 28．The news our team had won the national championship spread quickly throughout the school. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我们队赢得全国冠军的消息很快就在全校传开了。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明“The news”的内容，且从句意义完整，不缺成分，故用that引导同位语从句。故填that。 29． made me thrilled was that I could distinguish between this kind of flower and another one. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：使我兴奋的是我能区分出这种花和另一种花。分析句子可知，设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且指代的是“能区分两种花这件事”，需要用连接代词 what引导。故填What。 30．An ideal vacation destination should be people struggling in the concrete jungle can seek relief and enjoy the natural beauty. 【答案】where 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：一个理想的度假目的地应该是一个在混凝土丛林中挣扎的人们可以寻求解脱并享受自然美景的地方。此处引导表语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，表示“……的地方”。故填 where。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 31．知道你将会调整广播时段、长度和栏目，我写信给你提建议。(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Knowing that you will adjust the broadcast time slot, length and column, I am writing to give my suggestions. 【详解】“知道”表达为动词know，此处用非谓语动词作状语，主语I与know为主动关系，用现在分词形式Knowing，后接that引导的宾语从句；从句中“调整”表达为动词adjust，后接宾语“广播时段、长度和栏目”，“广播时段”为名词短语broadcast time slot，“长度”为名词length，“栏目”为名词column；主句中“我写信”表达为I am writing，用现在进行时表此刻正在进行的动作；“提建议”表达为动词短语give my suggestions，用不定式形式作目的状语。 32．直到失去健康，他才意识到那些没日没夜加班的日子是多么不值得。(until) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Not until he lost his health did he realize how worthless those days of working overtime day and night were. 【详解】本题要求使用所给词until翻译，且表达“直到……才……”的含义，可使用“not…until…”句型的倒装结构，表示强调；“直到失去健康”作时间状语，译为not until he lost his health，置于句首，引起主句部分倒装；主句中“他才意识到……”可译为he realized…，因not until… 置于句首，需用部分倒装，将助动词did提到主语he之前，谓语动词realized用原形realize；“那些没日没夜加班的日子是多么不值得”作宾语，可译为宾语从句how worthless those days of working overtime day and night were。 33．尽管偏远的地理环境在很大程度上限制了土著部落的发展，却也让他们一代代维系着独树一帜的原始生活模式。(Despite) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Despite the fact that the remote geographical environment has largely restricted the development of indigenous tribes, it has also allowed them to maintain their unique primitive lifestyle from generation to generation. 【详解】本句是一个主从复合句，强调动作从过去开始，持续到现在并造成持续影响，用现在完成时；“尽管偏远的地理环境在很大程度上限制了土著部落的发展”用Despite the fact that...介词短语结构，其中that引导同位语从句，补充说明the fact的具体内容；从句主语“偏远的地理环境”译为the remote geographical environment，“很大程度上限制了”译为has largely restricted，“土著部落的发展”译为the development of indigenous tribes；主句主语用it指代前文地理环境，“让……做某事”用allow sb. to do sth.，“也让他们一代代维系着”译为has also allowed them to maintain，“独树一帜的原始生活模式”译为their unique primitive lifestyle，“一代代”译为from generation to generation。 34．我们会换掉任何一个不尽力做好分内事的人。 (pull one’s weight) (汉译英) ________________________________________ 【答案】We will replace whoever doesn’t pull his weight. 【详解】表示“替换”为动词replace，“将会换掉”为一般将来时will replace；后接whoever表示“任何人”引导的宾语从句，在该宾语从句中，表示“尽本分、做好分内工作”应为动词短语pull one’s weight，此处为否定形式doesn’t pull his weight，从句用一般现在时。 35．过了许多年，这款保健产品是个假洋品牌这一事实才被揭露。（before）（汉译英） ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It was many years before the fact that this health product was a fake foreign brand was exposed. 【详解】本句描述过去的情况，用句型It was+时间段+before...，表示“过了多久才……”，“许多年”译为“many years”，主句译为It was many years；在before引导的时间状语从句中，“事实”作主语，译为the fact，“这款保健产品是个假洋品牌”是同位语从句对the fact进行解释说明，译为that this health product was a fake foreign brand，“才被揭露”用一般过去时的被动语态was exposed进行表达，即before the fact that this health product was a fake foreign brand was exposed。 36．最令我尴尬的是他反对告诉我真相。(主语从句；oppose) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What embarrassed me most was that he opposed telling me the truth. 【详解】句子应该是陈述过去发生的事，时态宜用一般过去时；“最令我尴尬的”可用what“……的东西/事”引导主语从句，表述为what embarrassed me most；主句的“是”用系动词was；“他反对告诉我真相”可用无实际意义的that引导表语从句，从句中“反对做某事”可用动词短语oppose doing，“告诉我真相”可用动词短语tell me the truth。 37．此次地震提醒我们，在灾难面前，我们要守望相助，共克时艰。(remind) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This earthquake reminds us that in the face of disasters, we should help and support each other to get through difficult times together. 【详解】表示“此次地震”译为this earthquake；表示“提醒某人”译为remind sb. that…；表示“在灾难面前”译为in the face of disasters，主语为we；表示“守望相助”译为help and support each other，且should后跟动词原形；表示“共克时艰”译为get through difficult times together，为不定式作目的状语。 38．回顾我的求学之路，我发现每当我等待考试结果揭晓的时候，时间仿佛静止了一般。(inform) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Looking back on my school years, I find that whenever I waited to be informed of my exam results, time seemed to stand still. 【详解】考查时态、非谓语、宾语从句、时间状语从句。表示“我”用I，作主语；表示“发现”用find，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语用动词原形，其后用宾语从句。表示“每当……时候”用whenever，引导时间状语从句，从句主语用I；表示“等待”用wait，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语用waited；表示“揭晓”即“被告知”，inform sb. of sth.“告知某人某事”和I之间为被动关系，用不定式的被动形式to be informed of作宾语；表示“我的考试结果”用my exam results，作宾语；表示“时间”用time，作主语；表示“仿佛静止了一般”用seem to stand still，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式seemed。宾语从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。表示“回顾我的求学之路”用look back on my school years，作状语，和主句主语I之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式，位于句首，首字母大写。故翻译为Looking back on my school years, I find that whenever I waited to be informed of my exam results, time seemed to stand still. 39．现今社会最看重的素质除了创新能力，还有是否能足够坚定地将自己的想法变成现实。(value)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In today’s society, besides innovation, the most valued quality is whether one can firmly turn one’s ideas into reality. 【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“现今社会”为短语in today’s society；表示“除了创新能力”为besides innovation；表示“最看重的素质”为the most valued quality，作主语；表示“是否”为用whether，引导表语从句；从句主语为one；表示“坚定地将自己的想法变成现实”为firmly turn one’s ideas into reality，且can后跟动词原形。陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为In today’s society, besides innovation, the most valued quality is whether one can firmly turn one’s ideas into reality. 40．这则广告的成功之处并非在于它的特效，而在于产品对消费者的吸引力。(lie not in ... but in) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What makes this advertisement successful lies not in its special effects but in the product’s appeal to consumers. 【详解】陈述事实用一般现在时；引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故用what引导；表示“这则广告的成功之处”翻译为what makes this advertisement successful；表示“并非……而在于”短语为lie not in…but in…；表示“它的特效”为its special effects；表示“产品对消费者的吸引力”为the product’s appeal to consumers。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why is Art so Powerful? Perhaps the simplest answer to this question is that art touches us emotionally. Art is powerful 41 it can potentially influence our culture, politics, and even the economy. When we see a powerful work of art, you feel 42 touching deep within your core, giving us the power to make real-life changes. It has the power to educate people about almost anything. It creates awareness and presents information in a way that could be absorbed by many easily. In a world 43 there are those who don’t even have access to good education, art makes education an even 44 (great) equalizer of society. It breaks cultural, social, and economic barriers. While art hardly really solves poverty or promotes social justice   45 its own, it can be used as a leveled playing field for discourse and expression. The reason why everyone can relate to art is 46 everyone has emotions and personal experiences. Therefore, anyone can learn to appreciate art regardless of their social background, economic standing or political affiliation. It accesses higher orders of thinking. Art doesn’t just make you absorb information. Rather, it makes you think about current ideas and inspire you   47 (make) your own. This is why creativity is a form of intelligence — it is a special ability that unlocks the potential of the human mind. In fact, studies have shown that exposure to art can make you better in other fields of knowledge. The truth is that people have recognized how powerful art can be. Many times in history have we heard of people   48 (criticize), threatened, censored, and even killed because of their artwork. Those responsible for these reactions, may it be an aggressive government or a dissident (持不同政见的) group, 49 (take) these measures against artists knowing how much their works can affect the politics in a 50 (give) area. In the hands of good people, however, art can be used to give back hope or instill courage in a society that’s undergoing a lot of hardships. 【答案】 41．because 42．it 43．where 44．greater 45．on 46．that 47．to make 48．being criticized 49．take 50．given 【导语】本文主要探讨了艺术为何具有强大的力量，从情感触动、教育功能、打破界限、激发高阶思维以及历史上因其影响力而遭受打压等多个角度进行了阐述。 【详解】41．考查连词。句意：艺术之所以强大，是因为它有可能影响我们的文化、政治甚至经济。分析句子逻辑，后文是前文“艺术强大”的原因，应用连词because引导原因状语从句。 42．考查代词。句意：当我们看到一件强大的艺术作品时，你会感觉到它深深地触动你的内心，赋予我们改变现实的力量。代词it指代前文的a powerful work of art（震撼的艺术作品），作 feel 的宾语。 43．考查定语从句。句意：在一个并非所有人都有机会获得良好教育的世界，艺术使教育成为社会更伟大的平衡器。此处为定语从句，修饰先行词world。先行词表示地点，且在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。 44．考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据空前的even（甚至）可知，此处应用形容词great的比较级greater，表示“更伟大的”，作定语。 45．考查固定搭配。句意：虽然艺术本身几乎无法真正解决贫困或促进社会正义，但它可以作为一个公平的竞争平台用于讨论和表达。on one’s own 是固定搭配，意为“独自地，独立地”。此处用on its own表示“艺术自身”。 46．考查表语从句。句意：每个人都能与艺术产生共鸣的原因是每个人都有情感和个人经历。The reason why… is that… 是固定句型，意为“……的原因是……”，that引导表语从句。 47．考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，它让你思考当下的观念，并激励你去创造你自己的观念。inspire sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“激励某人做某事”。 48．考查非谓语动词。句意：在历史上，我们多次听说人们因为他们的作品而受到批评、威胁、审查甚至杀害。hear of sb./sth. doing sth. 意为“听说某人/某事做某事”。people与动词criticize之间是被动关系，且criticize的动作与谓语动词heard of同时发生，应用动名词的被动形式being criticized。 49．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：那些对这些（反应）负责的人，无论是激进的政府还是持不同政见的团体，采取这些措施来对付艺术家，是因为他们知道艺术家的作品能在特定地区对政治产生多大的影响。may it be...or...（无论是…… 还是……）是插入语，不影响主句谓语，空处为句子谓语，本句的主语是“Those responsible for these reactions”，为复数，且陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。 50．考查形容词。句意同上。此处修饰名词area，应用形容词形式作定语。given可作形容词，意为“特定的，指定的”。 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Write It Out Writers often need a fresh idea before they can begin. That is why writing prompts (提示) are useful. A prompt does not tell the whole story. Instead, it offers a starting point and allows the writer to decide what 51 (happen) next. There are no fixed rules, so each person can take the same idea in a different direction. One prompt can come from 52 as ordinary as the weather. Open a weather app, choose a random city, and check the forecast for the week. Then imagine that the exact opposite weather arrives. A town 53 (expect) sunshine may suddenly face snow, while one preparing for rain might wake to clear skies. How would people react? Another common prompt focuses on people under pressure. Imagine that a character 54 (ask) without warning to give a public speech. They may welcome the chance to speak, or they may feel deeply nervous. The writer can explore both the speech itself and the emotions 55 it. Some prompts introduce an element of fantasy. Picture a gardening hut 56 gives certain visitors special powers. Perhaps it only responds to kind people, or perhaps it rewards those with courage. The question is not only 57 powers will be granted, but how those powers change people. Other prompts encourage careful description. 58 (surround) by the smells, tastes, and sounds of a favorite meal, a character preparing and eating it can be brought vividly to life. The meal may matter 59 it reminds the character of home or of someone they love. Prompts can also create conflict or mystery. Two people return home together but refuse to speak to each other. Someone walks past an old school and suddenly faints. A roommate arrives with a completely unexpected pet. Each situation immediately raises questions that need 60 (answer). Good prompts do not limit imagination. They simply open a door. Once the first sentence is written, the story can grow in surprising ways. 【答案】 51．will happen 52．something 53．expecting 54．is asked 55．behind 56．that/which 57．what 58．Surrounded 59．because/as/since 60．answering/to be answered 【导语】本文主要介绍写作提示的作用、不同类型的写作提示以及如何借助提示激发写作想象力。 【详解】51．考查时态。句意：相反，它提供一个起点，让作者决定接下来会发生什么。根据语境“接下来”，表将来，用一般将来时“will happen”。 52．考查不定代词。句意：一个提示可能来自像天气这样普通的事物。分析句子结构可知，as ordinary as the weather是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰空处的词。结合语境“来自……事物”，且表示泛指，应用不定代词something。 53．考查非谓语。句意：一个期待阳光的城镇可能会突然下雪，而一个准备下雨的城镇可能会发现天空晴朗。本句的谓语动词是may suddenly face，空格处expect需用非谓语形式。town与expect是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。 54．考查被动语态与时态。句意：想象一个人物毫无预兆地被要求做公开演讲。Imagine后接一个that引导的宾语从句。从句主语a character与动词ask之间是被动关系，且描述一种假设的情景，通常用一般现在时的被动语态。主语a character是第三人称单数，be动词用is。 55．考查介词。句意：作者可以探讨演讲本身以及演讲背后的情绪。根据句意可知，此处指探讨隐藏在演讲背后的情绪。behind意为“在……背后/后面”，符合语境。 56．考查定语从句。句意：想象一间能给予特定访客特殊能力的园艺小屋。空格处引导定语从句，先行词为hut，指物，从句缺主语，用关系代词that或which。 57．考查表语从句。句意：问题不只是会赋予什么能力，而是这些能力如何改变人们。空处位于is not only后，引导表语从句，且根据句意可知，从句缺少定语，表示“什么”含义，用what。 58．考查非谓语。句意：被喜爱食物的气味、味道和声音包围，一个准备并享用食物的人物可以被生动地刻画出来。逗号前是状语部分。逻辑主语a character与surround之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词作状语。句首单词首字母需大写。 59．考查原因状语从句。句意：这顿饭之所以重要，可能是因为它让这个角色想起了家或他们爱的人。根据句意，后半句是在解释前半句“The meal may matter”的原因，用because、as或since引导原因状语从句均可。 60．考查非谓语。句意：每种情况都会立刻提出需要解答的问题。need作为实义动词，后面接动词时有两种常见用法：need doing (某事需要被做，主动形式表被动含义)或need to be done(某事需要被做，被动不定式)。此处questions与answer之间是被动关系，即“问题需要被回答”，故answering或to be answered均可。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 名词性从句（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 主语从句 掌握 that/what/whether 等引导主语从句的用法；理解 it 作形式主语的常见句型；能判断从句在句中作主语的情况。 在语法填空中常以 “it 作形式主语” 的形式考查，也常出现在阅读理解长难句中；重点考查 that 在句首主语从句中不能省略，以及 whether/if 的用法区别。 宾语从句 掌握 that/what/whether 等引导宾语从句的用法；理解不同动词、介词后宾语从句的特点；能区分宾语从句中 that 可省与不可省的情况。 语法填空、写作中均高频出现；重点考查从句语序、时态呼应、whether/if 的选用，以及介词后 that 的省略规则。 表语从句 掌握 that/what/whether 等引导表语从句的用法；理解系动词后表语从句的功能；能区分表语从句与定语从句。 多在阅读理解和语法填空中考查；重点考查 that 不省略的规则，以及 what 在从句中作成分的用法，易与定语从句混淆。 同位语从句 掌握 that/whether 等引导同位语从句的用法；理解其解释抽象名词内容的功能；能区分同位语从句与定语从句。 语法填空、阅读理解中常考；重点考查 that 不作成分、不省略的特点，以及与定语从句的区别；常与 fact/news/idea 等抽象名词结合考查。 一、基础概念 1. 定义 在句中起名词作用的从句，可充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，据此分为四类：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 2. 三大类引导词 1. 连词 that：无词义、不作成分，只起连接；宾语从句可省，其余从句一般不省 2. 连词 whether/if：是否，不作句子成分；if 仅限宾语从句 3. 连接代词 what/which/who/whom/whose（在从句做主 / 宾 / 定，有词义）；连接副词 when/where/why/how（从句作状语） 二、主语从句：从句在主句中作主语 结构 1：从句放句首（引导词开头） 1. That we should develop good reading habits is important. （我们养成良好阅读习惯很重要。that 无含义，不作成分） 2. What matters most is your persistent efforts in daily study. （最重要的是你日复一日坚持不懈的努力。what 在从句作主语） 3. Whether we will go for a field trip depends on the weather. （我们是否外出研学取决于天气。句首表 “是否” 只用 whether，不能用 if） 结构 2：it 作形式主语（高考最高频句型，写作万能） 固定句型：It + be / 不及物动词 + 真正主语从句 1. It is obvious that regular exercise benefits teenagers’ health. （很明显规律运动有益于青少年健康） 2. It remains unknown when the new library will open to students. （新图书馆何时向学生开放仍未可知） 3. It is a fact that more students choose to take part in voluntary work. 常用固定句式： It is strange that… / It is reported that… 据报道 / It happens that… 碰巧 三、宾语从句：放在动词 / 介词后作宾语 1. 动词后接宾语从句（that 可省略） Most students believe (that) sticking to review improves grades steadily. I don’t know whether/if he will take part in the English speech contest. 2. 介词后面只用 whether，禁用 if We are arguing about whether we should put off the outdoor activity. 3. wh 类引导词（在从句充当成分） Could you tell me how we can balance study and hobbies?（how 作方式状语） I can’t decide which book is more suitable for my daily reading.（which 定语） 4. it 作形式宾语（必考：find/think/believe +it+adj.+that 从句） We think it necessary that every student should finish homework independently. （我们认为学生独立完成作业很有必要） 四、表语从句：放在系动词后（be/become/seem/look 等） 表语从句that 一律不能省略 1. My suggestion is that we should set aside time to do sports every day. 2. The problem is how we can raise enough money for the project. 3. That is why many young people prefer to read electronic books. 固定句型：The reason why…is that…（写作必背） The reason why he missed the exam is that he fell ill suddenly. 五、同位语从句：解释前面抽象名词的具体内容（news/fact/idea/promise/question/doubt） 名词 + 引导词 + 从句（解释名词内容），that 不作成分、不省略 1. The news that our school will build a new playground excites all students. （消息：我校要建新操场，解释 news） 2. I have no idea when the monthly exam will be held. 3. There is no doubt that teamwork plays a key role in group tasks. 易错区分：同位语从句 vs 定语从句 · 同位语：that 无成分、只解释名词→The fact that he won the prize surprises us.（从句完整） · 定语：that 在从句充当主 / 宾→The fact that he told me surprises us.（told 缺宾语） 六、核心重难点 1.whether 与 if 区别（高考单选、改错） ✅只能用 whether：①主语从句放句首 ②介词后 ③不定式前 1. Whether to take part in the competition troubles him. 2. It depends on whether we get the teacher’s permission. 2.what/that 核心区分 · that：无词义、从句主谓宾完整； · what：有含义（…… 的事物），从句缺主 / 宾 / 表 ① That he passed the exam surprised us.（句子完整用 that） ② What he said at the meeting surprised us.（said 缺宾语用 what） 七、高考高频写作万能句 1. What I care about most is how to improve my listening skills. 2. It is widely accepted that reading enriches our mind. 3. The truth is that small efforts can lead to great progress. 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1． the troubled airline company can survive the current crisis without government bailout remains an open question. 2． hasn’t been confirmed whether genetically modified food is really safe for humans to eat. 3． began as a local festival has blossomed into an international event. 4． we do should be good for the coexistence of humans and nature. 5．There is no doubt reading regularly can broaden our horizons and enrich our knowledge. ​ 6．She finally accepted the fact she would have to study harder to pass the exam. ​ 7．Some economists argue that raising taxes always helps the poor, and this is I disagree. 8．The words and deeds of family members deeply shape children’s character. That’s we should set a good example to our kids. 9．Even if they never see their results, they feel that their IQ is determines how well they are going to do in life. 10．Very heavy traffic on a highway, two small children were making life challenging for their parents. A teenager asked he could help. 11．Jin State covered most of present-day Shanxi, and its history is a big part of makes Shanxi special. 12．Her happiness is she has a group of sincere friends who always stand by her. 13．However, some researchers argue health reasons aren’t necessarily motivate people to get off the couch. 14．... a major one is China’s economy has peaked or not due to a decrease in labor supply. 15．These rural yet modern scenes are appear in the paintings of Zhang Qingyi, a 71-year-old farmer and painter from Shaanxi province. 16．However, the new product range has got a mixed reaction from play experts, some of whom warn that it may harm makes Lego special for children. 17．Medicine should be kept out of children’s reach, which is he always puts it in the top drawer. 18．What we need to figure out first is we can get enough financial support for the charity project. 19．As she worked, I was amazed at how such a bunch of flowers could feel so special. surprised me most was how the hairstyle transformed my appearance. 20．Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was     it was rather closely modeled on his own life. 21．The undeniable fact     AI has profoundly transformed our daily lives poses both unprecedented opportunities and challenges for modern society. 22．The answer is to check that your analysis of their body language matches with the person says and how they say it. 23． really counts in our life is not money, but the happiness we share with family. 24．She didn’t manage to finish the task on time. That is she lacked practical experience in this field. （用适当的词填空） 25．There is a growing belief among people culture envoys play a vital role in fostering mutual understanding across borders. 26． made great efforts to rescue lives in the severe flood deserves recognition from all people. 27．Our research offers further scientific evidence a mix of positive and negative emotions promotes well-being. 28．The news our team had won the national championship spread quickly throughout the school. 29． made me thrilled was that I could distinguish between this kind of flower and another one. 30．An ideal vacation destination should be people struggling in the concrete jungle can seek relief and enjoy the natural beauty. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 31．知道你将会调整广播时段、长度和栏目，我写信给你提建议。(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________ 32．直到失去健康，他才意识到那些没日没夜加班的日子是多么不值得。(until) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 33．尽管偏远的地理环境在很大程度上限制了土著部落的发展，却也让他们一代代维系着独树一帜的原始生活模式。(Despite) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 34．我们会换掉任何一个不尽力做好分内事的人。 (pull one’s weight) (汉译英) ________________________________________ 35．过了许多年，这款保健产品是个假洋品牌这一事实才被揭露。（before）（汉译英） ______________________________________________________________________ 36．最令我尴尬的是他反对告诉我真相。(主语从句；oppose) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 37．此次地震提醒我们，在灾难面前，我们要守望相助，共克时艰。(remind) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 38．回顾我的求学之路，我发现每当我等待考试结果揭晓的时候，时间仿佛静止了一般。(inform) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 39．现今社会最看重的素质除了创新能力，还有是否能足够坚定地将自己的想法变成现实。(value)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________ 40．这则广告的成功之处并非在于它的特效，而在于产品对消费者的吸引力。(lie not in ... but in) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________ 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why is Art so Powerful? Perhaps the simplest answer to this question is that art touches us emotionally. Art is powerful 41 it can potentially influence our culture, politics, and even the economy. When we see a powerful work of art, you feel 42 touching deep within your core, giving us the power to make real-life changes. It has the power to educate people about almost anything. It creates awareness and presents information in a way that could be absorbed by many easily. In a world 43 there are those who don’t even have access to good education, art makes education an even 44 (great) equalizer of society. It breaks cultural, social, and economic barriers. While art hardly really solves poverty or promotes social justice   45 its own, it can be used as a leveled playing field for discourse and expression. The reason why everyone can relate to art is 46 everyone has emotions and personal experiences. Therefore, anyone can learn to appreciate art regardless of their social background, economic standing or political affiliation. It accesses higher orders of thinking. Art doesn’t just make you absorb information. Rather, it makes you think about current ideas and inspire you   47 (make) your own. This is why creativity is a form of intelligence — it is a special ability that unlocks the potential of the human mind. In fact, studies have shown that exposure to art can make you better in other fields of knowledge. The truth is that people have recognized how powerful art can be. Many times in history have we heard of people   48 (criticize), threatened, censored, and even killed because of their artwork. Those responsible for these reactions, may it be an aggressive government or a dissident (持不同政见的) group, 49 (take) these measures against artists knowing how much their works can affect the politics in a 50 (give) area. In the hands of good people, however, art can be used to give back hope or instill courage in a society that’s undergoing a lot of hardships. Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Write It Out Writers often need a fresh idea before they can begin. That is why writing prompts (提示) are useful. A prompt does not tell the whole story. Instead, it offers a starting point and allows the writer to decide what 51 (happen) next. There are no fixed rules, so each person can take the same idea in a different direction. One prompt can come from 52 as ordinary as the weather. Open a weather app, choose a random city, and check the forecast for the week. Then imagine that the exact opposite weather arrives. A town 53 (expect) sunshine may suddenly face snow, while one preparing for rain might wake to clear skies. How would people react? Another common prompt focuses on people under pressure. Imagine that a character 54 (ask) without warning to give a public speech. They may welcome the chance to speak, or they may feel deeply nervous. The writer can explore both the speech itself and the emotions 55 it. Some prompts introduce an element of fantasy. Picture a gardening hut 56 gives certain visitors special powers. Perhaps it only responds to kind people, or perhaps it rewards those with courage. The question is not only 57 powers will be granted, but how those powers change people. Other prompts encourage careful description. 58 (surround) by the smells, tastes, and sounds of a favorite meal, a character preparing and eating it can be brought vividly to life. The meal may matter 59 it reminds the character of home or of someone they love. Prompts can also create conflict or mystery. Two people return home together but refuse to speak to each other. Someone walks past an old school and suddenly faints. A roommate arrives with a completely unexpected pet. Each situation immediately raises questions that need 60 (answer). Good prompts do not limit imagination. They simply open a door. Once the first sentence is written, the story can grow in surprising ways. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $