专题01 定语从句（期末复习讲义）高二英语下学期沪外版

专题01 定语从句（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握定语从句的基本概念（先行词、关系词），能准确识别句子成分。 2. 掌握关系代词（who/whom/which/that/whose）和关系副词（when/where/why）的用法与辨析。 3. 掌握定语从句的核心规则，包括 that 与 which 的用法区别、只能用 that 的情况、介词 + 关系代词的用法。 4. 理解并运用限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别，以及 as 引导的特殊定语从句。 5. 掌握定语从句在写作、完形、语法填空、句型转换中的综合运用。 复习难点： 1. 区分关系代词与关系副词的用法，能根据先行词和从句成分正确选择。 2. 掌握 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构中，介词的选择方法（先行词搭配 / 从句动词搭配 / 固定搭配）。 3. 理解非限制性定语从句的用法，尤其是 which 指代整个主句的情况。 4. 区分 as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句的差异，以及 as 引导的固定句型。 5. 解决先行词为 way、time、reason 等特殊名词时，关系词的省略与用法。 考情规律 词汇运用 / 语法填空：侧重关系词在具体语境中的选择，介词 + 关系代词的搭配，以及 that/which/who 等高频考点辨析。 翻译：常涉及定语从句与简单句的转换，以及非限制性定语从句的汉译英。 完形 / 写作：侧重定语从句在语篇中的灵活运用，尤其是用于丰富句子结构、提升表达层次的用法。 一、定语从句基础概念 1. 定义 修饰名词 / 代词（先行词）的从句，放在先行词后，由关系词（关系代词 / 关系副词） 引导；关系词三大作用：①指代先行词 ②连接主句和从句 ③在从句中充当句子成分。 · 先行词：被修饰的名词 / 代词； · 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as（在从句做主 / 宾 / 定）； · 关系副词：when, where, why（在从句做状语）。 高中例句：The student who won the English speech contest is from our class. 先行词：the student；关系词 who 指代人，在从句作主语。 二、限制性定语从句 vs 非限制性定语从句 表格 类型 标点 含义 删除从句影响 限制性 无逗号 必不可少，限定先行词范围 句意残缺 非限制性 逗号隔开 补充说明，去掉后主句意思完整 主句含义不变 1. 限制性：I like the novels that are written by famous domestic writers. 2. 非限制性：These novels, which were published last year, sell very well nationwide. 注：非限制性定语从句绝对不能用 that 引导。 三、关系代词详细用法（高考语法填空必考） 1. who：指代人，从句作主语 / 宾语 ①作主语：Anyone who breaks the school rules will receive corresponding punishment. ②作宾语（可省略）：The volunteer (who) we interviewed devoted much time to rural education. 2. whom：指代人，只在从句作宾语，口语可用 who 替换，可省略 The scientist whom we visited has made great achievements in environmental protection. 3. whose：表所属，“…… 的”，后必须接名词；人 / 物通用 ①指人：The girl whose parents work abroad lives with her grandparents. ②指物：We found a small house whose roof was damaged in the heavy storm. 4. which：指代事物，限制性 / 非限制性均可；作主 / 宾 ①限制性（作宾语可省）：The plan which we discussed at the meeting will be carried out soon. ②非限制性：The sports meeting has been put off, which makes all students disappointed. 5. that：人 + 物通用，只用于限制性定语从句，不可引导非限；作主宾，作宾语可省略 ①先行词是人：All the teachers that have rich experience support the new teaching method. ②先行词是物：This is the most valuable book that I have ever read in senior high. 6. as 引导定语从句（高频难点） （1）固定搭配：such…as /the same…as Such students as work hard are bound to get satisfying grades. （2）as 指代整句话，可放句首 / 句中 / 句末；which 只能放句末 As is known to all, reading plays an important role in teenagers’ growth. 四、关系副词（when/where/why，在从句作状语，先行词表时间 / 地点 / 原因） 1. when：先行词表时间（day, time, occasion 等），从句缺时间状语 I still remember the day when we took part in the voluntary activity together. 2. where：先行词表抽象 / 具体地点（place, situation, stage, case, point），从句缺地点状语（高考抽象地点必考） ①具体地点：The library where we often read opens at 8 every morning. ②抽象地点：We have reached a point where we must make an immediate decision. 3. why：先行词只用 reason，从句缺原因状语 Nobody knows the reason why he gave up the chance to study abroad. 拓展：the reason why…is that…（写作万能句式） The reason why he failed the exam is that he wasted too much spare time. 五、重难点：介词 + 关系代词（语法填空高频，介词看从句搭配 / 先行词搭配） 公式：介词 + which (物)/whom (人)，不能用 that 1. 动词搭配介词：This is the project on which they have spent nearly one year.（spend…on） 2. 名词搭配介词：I admire the way in which he solves difficult learning problems.（in the way） 3. 所属关系：There are fifty students in the classroom, most of whom come from countryside. 六、that 与 which 不可互换的 6 条硬性规则（改错必考点） ✅只能用 that，不能用 which 1. 先行词被不定代词 (all, everything, nothing, little 等) 修饰：All that he said at the meeting is worth thinking over. 2. 先行词有序数词 / 最高级修饰：This is the first composition that I have finished independently. 3. 先行词既有人又有物：They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited. ✅只能用 which，不能用 that 1. 介词后：The house in which we lived last year is under repair now. 2. 非限制性定语从句：The new policy, which helps poor students, is widely praised. 3. 先行词后逗号隔开：He bought a new bike, which cost him three hundred yuan. 七、分隔式定语从句（易错：先行词与从句被谓语隔开） 定语从句不紧跟先行词，中间穿插谓语，高考阅读高频： A new rule will come out that helps control students’ overuse of mobile phones. 先行词 a new rule，被 will come out 隔开。 八、定语从句高考写作万能句型（书面表达提分） 1. Those who… 凡是…… 的人：Those who stick to their dreams will realize them sooner or later. 2. There is no one who… 没有人……：There is no one who refuses a warm and sincere friendship. 3. …, which makes it +adj. to do …… 这件事使得做某事……：He takes exercise every day, which makes it easy for him to keep healthy. 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1．The journey marks a new milestone, demonstrating how China’s cultural works are crafted for the world. As the strings vibrate, they signal a future platform cultural dialogue is enriched. 2．Acquiring knowledge is not only a means which you can better understand the world, but also a way of appreciating how much you do not know. 3．We climbed up to the ancient tower overlooking the Gan River, from we can admire the breathtaking view in the setting sun. 4．There are only so many dinners in a week, and so many people with you can be continuously texting. 5． many scholars mentioned, the I Ching contains profound philosophical thoughts. 6．To solve the problem and protect the ecosystem of the Yangtze River, China has introduced several innovative measures, one of is the river and lake chief system. 7．Professor Wang Jianxin of Shaanxi’s Northwest University, is the first Chinese scholar to conduct archaeological investigation in Central Asia, finally unearthed the remains of the Yuezhi Culture. 8．As China becomes a major player on the international stage, many people abroad are curious to see how it will showcase its rich culture, symbols include dragon-shaped lanterns, Peking Opera, and even chopsticks. 9．Some old streets with unique regional features, have been renovated for jogging, attract more fitness lovers every day. 10．For our next generation who are in constant touch with smart technology, a future robot pets will be popular might not be a far-fetched dream. 11．In Chinese tradition exists what is known as the “medicinal and edible homology” system, ingredients commonly used in cooking help regulate our bodily function and provide timely body care. 12．When I joined the band Swim Deep 13 years ago, my dreams were much like those of any young musicians, all of we’ve managed to achieve. 13．She deeply missed the warmth of home and her family, eventually led her to make a life-changing decision in 2016. 14．Among those honored are figures from Bert’s own life, including his longtime housekeeper, a carpenter, and strawberry pickers in Oxnard, stories are brought to life through AR. 15．These products, combine technology with ancient building techniques, have created a market worth over 100 million yuan. 16．The Southern Sichuan Bamboo Sea in Yibin, is home to the world’s largest natural bamboo forest, has outlined its own development roadmap so far. 17．Festivals are special occasions we learn to appreciate the true meaning of life. 18．The young doctor faced a situation he had to make a quick decision without enough information.（定语从句关系词） 19．Today, the smartphone in your pocket is millions of times more powerful than the computers guided the Apollo missions to the moon. 20．Chinese scientists have created a robotic antelope to monitor Tibetan antelopes. The robot, movements seem slightly awkward, has successfully joined herds of real antelopes. 21．Sun-drying, a time-honored practice in China, not only saves energy but also gives clothes a unique, warm scent, many people call “the smell of sunshine”. 22．Silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along a network of trade and cultural exchange developed. 23．He said it was shocking that the military strikes came at a time diplomatic talks between the US and Iran were under way. 24．The exact moment the young archaeologist discovered the well-preserved stone tablet was recorded in detail in her field notebook. 25．I still clearly remember the cold winter morning we first stood in front of the ancient city gate and felt the breath of history blowing across our faces. 26．This is the quiet mountain village my parents spent their childhood and where I first learned to appreciate the beauty of nature. 27．The reason Wolf Warriors Ⅱ became a box office hit was that its combat (战斗) scenes are of higher quality. 28．They all showed me what we can learn from animals in their own ways, such as a tiny mouse bravery changed my life forever. 29．That quiet neighborhood library teenagers join book clubs and exchange reading experiences has become our favorite hangout. 30．His work shows the principles of biomimicry (仿生学), natural patterns and systems, such as the shapes of plants and animals, inspire human-made designs. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 31．他一到家就发现门口堆满了快递，这让他哭笑不得。(no sooner) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 32．习惯囤东西的人，总会把物件承载的情感价值视作理所当然，迟迟不愿断舍离。(grant) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 33．这个名不见经传的团队开发的应用程序意外走红，不仅让他们一夜之间成为各大媒体关注的焦点，也让他们深刻体会到，机遇往往青睐那些坚持把小事做到极致的人。(favour) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 34．哈克贝利·费恩做的一件大事是秘密地帮助黑奴吉姆逃亡。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 35．剪纸被认为是最流行的民间艺术形式之一，许多人认为它最早发明于商朝或更早。（regard...as） （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 36．安全风险高是用户进行移动支付时需要考虑的关键因素。(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 37．一个新的科学真理不是因为说服了它的反对者而胜出的，而是因为熟悉这个想法的新一代人长大了。(convince) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 38．这家百年老店因其出色的工艺而享有盛誉，这使得它即使在竞争激烈的市场中也能脱颖而出。(reputation) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 39．未来是否会有这样一个时刻：研究人员会开发出一种革命性的材料，该材料即便在最强地震发生时也能防止建筑物倒塌?(keep) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 40．与传统教学方式相比，线上教育在一定程度上更具灵活性，这主要归功于教育者配备了先进的数字化工具。(arm v.) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The secret to a longer life? Being conscientious（认真的） Executives who build successful companies, Olympic athletes, and even some US presidents are all likely to live longer than the average person — because they are more conscientious. The life-extending benefits of a conscientious life 41 (bring) to light by a comparison of 20 previous studies. The studies, rated 8,900 people for conscientiousness using a standard psychological survey, and also recorded 42 they died. Howard Friedman and Margaret Kern at the University of California at Riverside found that people who were less conscientious were 50 percent more likely to die at any given age, on average, than 43 of the same age who scored highly. This has a greater impact than socioeconomic status and intelligence, which are also known 44 (increase) longevity. The analysis by Friedman and Kern highlighted a significant correlation between conscientiousness and life span, 45 (suggest) that personality traits play a critical role in determining longevity. Friedman and Kern then divided the most conscientious study subjects into subgroups and found that high achievers were most likely to live the longest, says Kern. “These are individuals who are hard-working, resourceful, confident, and ambitious; the longest second line were orderly people, 46 structured and disciplined lifestyles contributed to their longevity. Finally, traits of responsibility and reliability were also significant. “These are people often 47 (see) as respectable members of the community. They contribute time and energy to society, cooperate with colleagues and neighbors, and are trustworthy people,” says Kern. Friedman suggests that conscientious people do not live longer simply 48 they are boring or cautious, but admits they tend to “live lives that are more stable and less stressful”. This stability might come 49 their ability to plan, organize, and maintain healthy routines, which are essential for long-term well-being. “One of the studies we included 50 (look) at American presidents,” says Kern. The first US president, George Washington, lived to be 67, double the life expectancy there at the time. “Washington was very conscientious, yet he certainly didn’t live a boring life.” Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Britain’s obesity problem is costing our economy almost £100 billion a year and will leave us a sick and poor nation, a report has found. Analysis from the Tony Blair Institute, published by The Times, estimates that the damaging effect 51 national productivity from excess weight is nine times greater than previously believed. The cost of obesity is expected to grow by another £10 billion over the next 15 years, according to the report. The total cost of £98 billion, which includes the £63 billion cost of shorter, 52 (healthy) lives, is equivalent to about 4 per cent of GDP. Henry Dimbleby, the Government’s former food tsar, has called on ministers 53 (launch) smoking-style restrictions on junk food and turn away from plans to put millions of overweight people on weight-loss drugs. According to Mr Dimbleby, 54 such interventions are in place, Britain will be left a sick and impoverished nation, the NHS will suck all the money out of the other public services while at the same time, economic growth and tax revenue will stagnate. To date, the government 55 (shelve) plans for a 9 pm junk food advertising watershed (禁播起始时间) and a ban on buy-one-get-one-free deals on unhealthy products until 2025. Victoria Atkins, the health secretary, suggests the authorities 56 (transfer) from being nanny-statist (管理过度) to giving people help and advice on how to be healthier. A Department of Health spokesman told The Times that it was “taking firm action to tackle obesity” 57 actually worked, citing food-labelling guidelines, funding for school sports and giving healthy food vouchers to 58 (disadvantage) families. Hermione Dace, of the Tony Blair Institute, told the newspaper that its analysis shows that the health of the nation and our economic growth and prosperity 59 (ground) on dealing with obesity. “We need a fresh approach 60 real options are available to people, rebalancing the food system in favour of healthy, cost-effective choices and discouraging profiting from ultra-processed and junk food.” 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 定语从句（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握定语从句的基本概念（先行词、关系词），能准确识别句子成分。 2. 掌握关系代词（who/whom/which/that/whose）和关系副词（when/where/why）的用法与辨析。 3. 掌握定语从句的核心规则，包括 that 与 which 的用法区别、只能用 that 的情况、介词 + 关系代词的用法。 4. 理解并运用限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别，以及 as 引导的特殊定语从句。 5. 掌握定语从句在写作、完形、语法填空、句型转换中的综合运用。 复习难点： 1. 区分关系代词与关系副词的用法，能根据先行词和从句成分正确选择。 2. 掌握 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构中，介词的选择方法（先行词搭配 / 从句动词搭配 / 固定搭配）。 3. 理解非限制性定语从句的用法，尤其是 which 指代整个主句的情况。 4. 区分 as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句的差异，以及 as 引导的固定句型。 5. 解决先行词为 way、time、reason 等特殊名词时，关系词的省略与用法。 考情规律 词汇运用 / 语法填空：侧重关系词在具体语境中的选择，介词 + 关系代词的搭配，以及 that/which/who 等高频考点辨析。 翻译：常涉及定语从句与简单句的转换，以及非限制性定语从句的汉译英。 完形 / 写作：侧重定语从句在语篇中的灵活运用，尤其是用于丰富句子结构、提升表达层次的用法。 一、定语从句基础概念 1. 定义 修饰名词 / 代词（先行词）的从句，放在先行词后，由关系词（关系代词 / 关系副词） 引导；关系词三大作用：①指代先行词 ②连接主句和从句 ③在从句中充当句子成分。 · 先行词：被修饰的名词 / 代词； · 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as（在从句做主 / 宾 / 定）； · 关系副词：when, where, why（在从句做状语）。 高中例句：The student who won the English speech contest is from our class. 先行词：the student；关系词 who 指代人，在从句作主语。 二、限制性定语从句 vs 非限制性定语从句 表格 类型 标点 含义 删除从句影响 限制性 无逗号 必不可少，限定先行词范围 句意残缺 非限制性 逗号隔开 补充说明，去掉后主句意思完整 主句含义不变 1. 限制性：I like the novels that are written by famous domestic writers. 2. 非限制性：These novels, which were published last year, sell very well nationwide. 注：非限制性定语从句绝对不能用 that 引导。 三、关系代词详细用法（高考语法填空必考） 1. who：指代人，从句作主语 / 宾语 ①作主语：Anyone who breaks the school rules will receive corresponding punishment. ②作宾语（可省略）：The volunteer (who) we interviewed devoted much time to rural education. 2. whom：指代人，只在从句作宾语，口语可用 who 替换，可省略 The scientist whom we visited has made great achievements in environmental protection. 3. whose：表所属，“…… 的”，后必须接名词；人 / 物通用 ①指人：The girl whose parents work abroad lives with her grandparents. ②指物：We found a small house whose roof was damaged in the heavy storm. 4. which：指代事物，限制性 / 非限制性均可；作主 / 宾 ①限制性（作宾语可省）：The plan which we discussed at the meeting will be carried out soon. ②非限制性：The sports meeting has been put off, which makes all students disappointed. 5. that：人 + 物通用，只用于限制性定语从句，不可引导非限；作主宾，作宾语可省略 ①先行词是人：All the teachers that have rich experience support the new teaching method. ②先行词是物：This is the most valuable book that I have ever read in senior high. 6. as 引导定语从句（高频难点） （1）固定搭配：such…as /the same…as Such students as work hard are bound to get satisfying grades. （2）as 指代整句话，可放句首 / 句中 / 句末；which 只能放句末 As is known to all, reading plays an important role in teenagers’ growth. 四、关系副词（when/where/why，在从句作状语，先行词表时间 / 地点 / 原因） 1. when：先行词表时间（day, time, occasion 等），从句缺时间状语 I still remember the day when we took part in the voluntary activity together. 2. where：先行词表抽象 / 具体地点（place, situation, stage, case, point），从句缺地点状语（高考抽象地点必考） ①具体地点：The library where we often read opens at 8 every morning. ②抽象地点：We have reached a point where we must make an immediate decision. 3. why：先行词只用 reason，从句缺原因状语 Nobody knows the reason why he gave up the chance to study abroad. 拓展：the reason why…is that…（写作万能句式） The reason why he failed the exam is that he wasted too much spare time. 五、重难点：介词 + 关系代词（语法填空高频，介词看从句搭配 / 先行词搭配） 公式：介词 + which (物)/whom (人)，不能用 that 1. 动词搭配介词：This is the project on which they have spent nearly one year.（spend…on） 2. 名词搭配介词：I admire the way in which he solves difficult learning problems.（in the way） 3. 所属关系：There are fifty students in the classroom, most of whom come from countryside. 六、that 与 which 不可互换的 6 条硬性规则（改错必考点） ✅只能用 that，不能用 which 1. 先行词被不定代词 (all, everything, nothing, little 等) 修饰：All that he said at the meeting is worth thinking over. 2. 先行词有序数词 / 最高级修饰：This is the first composition that I have finished independently. 3. 先行词既有人又有物：They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited. ✅只能用 which，不能用 that 1. 介词后：The house in which we lived last year is under repair now. 2. 非限制性定语从句：The new policy, which helps poor students, is widely praised. 3. 先行词后逗号隔开：He bought a new bike, which cost him three hundred yuan. 七、分隔式定语从句（易错：先行词与从句被谓语隔开） 定语从句不紧跟先行词，中间穿插谓语，高考阅读高频： A new rule will come out that helps control students’ overuse of mobile phones. 先行词 a new rule，被 will come out 隔开。 八、定语从句高考写作万能句型（书面表达提分） 1. Those who… 凡是…… 的人：Those who stick to their dreams will realize them sooner or later. 2. There is no one who… 没有人……：There is no one who refuses a warm and sincere friendship. 3. …, which makes it +adj. to do …… 这件事使得做某事……：He takes exercise every day, which makes it easy for him to keep healthy. 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1．The journey marks a new milestone, demonstrating how China’s cultural works are crafted for the world. As the strings vibrate, they signal a future platform cultural dialogue is enriched. 【答案】where 【详解】句意：这段旅程标志着一个新的里程碑，展示了中国文化作品如何为世界打造。当琴弦颤动时，它们预示着一个未来平台，在这个平台上文化交流得以丰富。此处考查定语从句，先行词为表示抽象地点意义的 platform，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词 where引导定语从句。 2．Acquiring knowledge is not only a means which you can better understand the world, but also a way of appreciating how much you do not know. 【答案】by 【详解】句意：获取知识不仅是你通过它更好地理解世界的一种方式，也是一种意识到自己有多少未知的方式。分析句子结构，a means ________ which you can better understand the world为介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词means；by means of为固定搭配，意为“通过……方式”，此处将介词by提前至关系代词which之前，构成by which结构，在从句中作方式状语。 3．We climbed up to the ancient tower overlooking the Gan River, from we can admire the breathtaking view in the setting sun. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：我们登上那座俯瞰着赣江的古老塔楼，在那里我们可以欣赏到夕阳映照下那令人叹为观止的美景。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tower，作介词的宾语，指物，故用which。 4．There are only so many dinners in a week, and so many people with you can be continuously texting. 【答案】whom 【详解】句意：一周只有那么多顿晚饭，也只有那么多人你可以不停地发短信。本空引导定语从句，先行词是people，指人，且关系代词在从句中作介词with 的宾语，用whom引导。 5． many scholars mentioned, the I Ching contains profound philosophical thoughts. 【答案】As 【详解】句意：正如众多学者所言，《易经》蕴含着深奥的哲学思想。此处引导非限制性定语从句，置于句首表示“正如”，指代后文整句话内容，固定使用关系代词as，位于句首首字母大写。 6．To solve the problem and protect the ecosystem of the Yangtze River, China has introduced several innovative measures, one of is the river and lake chief system. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：为了解决这一问题并保护长江生态系统，中国推出了几项创新措施，其中之一是河湖长制。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词measures，此处是‌“one of + 关系代词”引导定语从句，介词of后指代事物用关系代词which。 7．Professor Wang Jianxin of Shaanxi’s Northwest University, is the first Chinese scholar to conduct archaeological investigation in Central Asia, finally unearthed the remains of the Yuezhi Culture. 【答案】who 【详解】句意：陕西西北大学的王建新教授是第一位在中亚进行考古调查的中国学者，他最终发掘出了月氏文化的遗迹。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Professor Wang Jianxin，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导。 8．As China becomes a major player on the international stage, many people abroad are curious to see how it will showcase its rich culture, symbols include dragon-shaped lanterns, Peking Opera, and even chopsticks. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：随着中国成为国际舞台上的主要参与者，许多外国人好奇地想看看它将如何展示其丰富的文化，其文化象征包括龙形灯笼、京剧，甚至还有筷子。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为its rich culture，且关系词在从句中作定语，修饰symbols，所以用关系代词whose引导该从句。 9．Some old streets with unique regional features, have been renovated for jogging, attract more fitness lovers every day. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：一些具有独特地域特色、现已翻新为慢跑道的老街，每天都吸引着更多的健身爱好者。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Some old streets，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。 10．For our next generation who are in constant touch with smart technology, a future robot pets will be popular might not be a far-fetched dream. 【答案】when 【详解】句意：对于时常接触智能科技的下一代而言，机器人宠物将会普及的未来，或许并非遥不可及的梦想。空处引导定语从句，先行词a future，在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。 11．In Chinese tradition exists what is known as the “medicinal and edible homology” system, ingredients commonly used in cooking help regulate our bodily function and provide timely body care. 【答案】where 【详解】句意：在中国传统中存在所谓“药食同源”体系，在该体系中日常烹饪所用食材有助于调节身体机能并及时养护身体。此处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，所以使用关系副词，先行词为抽象地点名词system，所以使用关系副词where。 12．When I joined the band Swim Deep 13 years ago, my dreams were much like those of any young musicians, all of we’ve managed to achieve. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：13年前，当我加入Swim Deep乐队时，我的梦想和任何年轻音乐家的梦想都很相似，我们都已经实现了这些梦想。此处为介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词those指代dreams，指物，所以此处使用关系代词which。 13．She deeply missed the warmth of home and her family, eventually led her to make a life-changing decision in 2016. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：她深深思念家和家人的温暖，这最终促使她在2016年做出了改变人生的决定。此处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为前面整句话的内容，在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词which。 14．Among those honored are figures from Bert’s own life, including his longtime housekeeper, a carpenter, and strawberry pickers in Oxnard, stories are brought to life through AR. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：在受表彰的人中，有来自伯特生活中的人物，包括他长期的女管家、一名木匠以及奥克斯纳德的草莓采摘者，他们的故事通过AR技术变得栩栩如生。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为figures，指人，在从句中作定语，修饰stories，表示“他们的故事”，所以用关系代词whose引导该从句。 15．These products, combine technology with ancient building techniques, have created a market worth over 100 million yuan. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：这些产品将技术与古老的建筑技术相结合，创造了一个价值超过1亿元的市场。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词These products，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。 16．The Southern Sichuan Bamboo Sea in Yibin, is home to the world’s largest natural bamboo forest, has outlined its own development roadmap so far. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：宜宾蜀南竹海坐拥世界最大天然竹林，目前已规划好了专属的发展建设路线图。空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词The Southern Sichuan Bamboo Sea，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。 17．Festivals are special occasions we learn to appreciate the true meaning of life. 【答案】when 【详解】句意：节日是特殊的时刻，在这些时刻我们学会领会生活的真正意义。先行词为occasions（时刻），在定语从句we learn to appreciate the true meaning of life中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导定语从句。 18．The young doctor faced a situation he had to make a quick decision without enough information.（定语从句关系词） 【答案】where 【详解】句意：这位年轻的医生面临着这样一种情况：他必须在缺乏足够信息的情况下迅速做出决定。定语从句修饰先行词situation，在从句作地点状语，用where。 19．Today, the smartphone in your pocket is millions of times more powerful than the computers guided the Apollo missions to the moon. 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：如今，你口袋里的智能手机的运算能力是当年指导阿波罗登月任务的计算机的数百万倍。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the computers，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。 20．Chinese scientists have created a robotic antelope to monitor Tibetan antelopes. The robot, movements seem slightly awkward, has successfully joined herds of real antelopes. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：中国科学家制造了一只机器人羚羊，用于监测藏羚羊。这只机器人的动作看起来有些笨拙，但它已经成功地融入了真正的羚羊群中。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词The robot作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作定语，和movements之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。 21．Sun-drying, a time-honored practice in China, not only saves energy but also gives clothes a unique, warm scent, many people call “the smell of sunshine”. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：晾晒是中国一种历史悠久的做法，不仅节约能源，还能让衣物带有一种独特温暖的气味，很多人把这种气味称作“阳光的味道”。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为scent，从句中缺少宾语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 22．Silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along a network of trade and cultural exchange developed. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：来自中国的丝绸通过陆路传到印度、中东和罗马，随之发展起来的是贸易和文化交流网络。“along ______ a network of trade and cultural exchange developed.”为非限制性定语从句，先行词是overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome，关系词在从句中作介词along的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 23．He said it was shocking that the military strikes came at a time diplomatic talks between the US and Iran were under way. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：他表示，令人震惊的是，军事打击发生在美国和伊朗进行外交谈判期间。此处为定语从句，先行词为a time，空格处引导定语从句且在从句中作时间状语，修饰先行词a time，应用关系副词when，故填when 24．The exact moment the young archaeologist discovered the well-preserved stone tablet was recorded in detail in her field notebook. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位年轻的考古学家发现那块保存完好的石碑的确切时刻，被详细记录在了她的野外考察笔记中。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词the exact moment，在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填when。 25．I still clearly remember the cold winter morning we first stood in front of the ancient city gate and felt the breath of history blowing across our faces. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然清晰地记得那个寒冷的冬日早晨，在那时我们第一次站在古老的城门前，感受着历史的气息扑面而来。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词the cold winter morning，在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。 26．This is the quiet mountain village my parents spent their childhood and where I first learned to appreciate the beauty of nature. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我父母度过童年的宁静山村，也是我第一次学会欣赏自然之美的地方。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词mountain village，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where来引导。故填where。 27．The reason Wolf Warriors Ⅱ became a box office hit was that its combat (战斗) scenes are of higher quality. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：《战狼2》成为票房热门的原因是它的战斗场面质量更高。先行词是reason，关系词在定语从句中作原因状语，可用why引导，相当于for which，故填why。 28．They all showed me what we can learn from animals in their own ways, such as a tiny mouse bravery changed my life forever. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：它们都以各自的方式让我明白，我们能从动物身上学到很多东西，比如一只小老鼠，它的勇气永远改变了我的人生。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是mouse，关系词在从句中作定语，与bravery为所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 29．That quiet neighborhood library teenagers join book clubs and exchange reading experiences has become our favorite hangout. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：那个安静的社区图书馆，青少年在那里参加读书俱乐部并交流阅读体验，已经成为我们最喜欢去的地方。句中library是先行词，在定语从句teenagers join book clubs and exchange reading experiences中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 30．His work shows the principles of biomimicry (仿生学), natural patterns and systems, such as the shapes of plants and animals, inspire human-made designs. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他的作品体现了仿生学原理—— 即自然界的形态与系统（如动植物的外形）能够启发人类进行设计创作。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 biomimicry，指物，在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 31．他一到家就发现门口堆满了快递，这让他哭笑不得。(no sooner) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】No sooner had he got home than he found the doorway was piled with parcels, which made him feel embarrassed and amused. 【详解】本题要求使用所给词no sooner翻译，需采用“no sooner...than...”的固定句型，表示“一……就……”，在该句型中，前半部分用过去完成时态，后半部分用一般过去时态，且no sooner置于句首时主句要部分倒装；“他一到家”可译为he had no sooner got home，其中got home表示“到家”，用过去完成时态，可将否定词no sooner置于句首，助动词had提到主语he之前，即No sooner had he got home；“就发现门口堆满了快递”是than引导的从句，保持正常语序，用一般过去时态，译为than he found the doorway was piled with parcels；“这让他哭笑不得”修饰前面整个主句，可处理非限制性定语从句which made him feel embarrassed and amused，其中关系代词which指代前面提到的事情。 32．习惯囤东西的人，总会把物件承载的情感价值视作理所当然，迟迟不愿断舍离。(grant) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】People who are used to hoarding things always take the emotional value carried by their belongings for granted and are reluctant to get rid of unnecessary items for a long time. 【详解】根据句意，该句描述客观现象，全句使用一般现在时，表示“人”为People作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“习惯囤东西的”作定语修饰名词People，先行词指人且在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导定语从句，表示“习惯于”为be used to，先行词People为复数，be动词用are，表示“囤东西”为hoarding things，to为介词后接动名词，定语从句译为who are used to hoarding things；表示“视作理所当然”为固定短语take...for granted，主语People为复数，谓语动词用原形take；表示“物件承载的情感价值”为the emotional value作take的宾语，表示“物件承载的”可以为过去分词短语carried by their belongings作后置定语修饰value；并列连词and连接并列谓语；表示“不愿”为be reluctant to，主语为复数，be动词用are；表示“断舍离”为get rid of unnecessary items，表示“迟迟”可理解为“很久一段时间”为可从电仪for a long time作时间状语。 33．这个名不见经传的团队开发的应用程序意外走红，不仅让他们一夜之间成为各大媒体关注的焦点，也让他们深刻体会到，机遇往往青睐那些坚持把小事做到极致的人。(favour) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The app developed by this unknown team became popular unexpectedly, which not only made them the focus of media overnight but also taught them that opportunities favour those who stick to perfecting small things. 【详解】句子描述过去的事，整体使用一般过去时。根据句意，主句为“这个名不见经传的团队开发的应用程序意外走红，”，主语“这个名不见经传的团队开发的应用程序”译为The app developed by this unknown team，其中“The app”作主语，“开发”译为develop，与app为被动关系，故用过去分词developed作后置定语，“名不见经传的”译为unknown修饰team；“意外走红”译为became popular unexpectedly作谓语部分。“不仅让他们一夜之间成为各大媒体关注的焦点，也让他们深刻体会到，机遇往往青睐那些坚持把小事做到极致的人。”为定语从句，用非限制性定语从句which指代前文整件事，“不仅……也……”用not only...but also...结构；“让他们成为各大媒体关注的焦点”译为made them the focus of media，“一夜之间”译为overnight作状语；“让他们深刻体会到”译为taught them，后接that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句为客观事实，用一般现在时；结合提示词favour，“机遇往往青睐”译为opportunities favour；“那些坚持把小事做到极致的人”中先行词为those，用who引导定语从句，“坚持做某事”译为stick to doing sth.，“把小事做到极致”译为perfecting small things。 34．哈克贝利·费恩做的一件大事是秘密地帮助黑奴吉姆逃亡。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One great thing Huckleberry Finn did was that he helped the black slave Jim escape in secret. 【详解】根据句意，该句阐述人物事迹，全句使用一般过去时，表示“一件大事”为One great thing作主句主语，位于句首，首字母需大写；“哈克贝利·费恩做的”作定语修饰先行词thing，先行词指代事物，关系代词that省略，定语从句译为Huckleberry Finn did；“是”为was作主句谓语；“秘密地帮助黑奴吉姆逃亡”为表语从句，从句中不缺成分且句意完整，所以使用that引导表语从句；从句主语为he；谓语表示“帮助”为help，谓语动词help的过去式helped；表示“黑奴吉姆”为the black slave Jim作宾语；表示“逃亡”为escape，根据固定搭配help sb do表示“帮助某人做某事”可知，此处使用省略不定式符号to的不定式形式作宾补；表示“秘密地”为in secret作状语修饰动作。 35．剪纸被认为是最流行的民间艺术形式之一，许多人认为它最早发明于商朝或更早。（regard...as） （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Paper-cutting is regarded as one of the most popular forms of folk art, which many people think was first invented in the Shang Dynasty or even earlier. 【详解】“剪纸”表达为名词paper-cutting，作主语；结合提示词regard...as，“被认为……”为被动语态is regarded as，“最流行的民间艺术形式之一”为“one of+the+形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”结构，即one of the most popular forms of folk art；”主句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，“被认为是最流行的民间艺术形式之一”整体表达为is regarded as one of the most popular forms of folk art；许多人认为它最早发明于商朝或更早”表达为非限制性定语从句which many people think was first invented in the Shang Dynasty or even earlier，其中which指代前文剪纸，在从句中作主语，“许多人认为”陈述普遍观点，用一般现在时，many people think，为嵌入语，“最早发明于商朝”描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时的被动语态was first invented in，first为副词修饰invented，“商朝”表达为the Shang Dynasty，朝代前需加定冠词the，“或更早”表达为or even earlier，earlier为副词比较级，承前省略了than the Shang Dynasty。 36．安全风险高是用户进行移动支付时需要考虑的关键因素。(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】High security risk is the key factor that users should take into consideration when making mobile payments. 【详解】表示“安全风险高”应用high security risk；表示“是”应用be，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，be动词用is；表示“关键因素”应用the key factor；表示“用户需要考虑的”应用that users should take into consideration，that引导定语从句，修饰名词the key factor，关系词在定语从句中作宾语；表示“移动支付时”应用when making mobile payments，此处为when引导的时间状语从句的省略。 37．一个新的科学真理不是因为说服了它的反对者而胜出的，而是因为熟悉这个想法的新一代人长大了。(convince) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A new scientific truth doesn’t triumph because it has convinced its opponents but rather because a new generation that is familiar with the idea has grown up. 【详解】“一个新的科学真理”表达为A new scientific truth；“胜出”常见表达为triumph ；“说服”是convince，“它的反对者”即its opponents ，所以“说服了它的反对者”是convince its opponents ，陈述过去动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时；“不是……而是……”结构为not...but...；“因为”这里用because引导原因状语从句；“熟悉”表达为become familiar with，“新一代人”是the new generation ，that becomes familiar with the idea是定语从句修饰the new generation；“长大”用grow up。主句句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。 38．这家百年老店因其出色的工艺而享有盛誉，这使得它即使在竞争激烈的市场中也能脱颖而出。(reputation) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 This century-old store enjoys a great reputation for its excellent craftsmanship, which enables it to stand out even in a highly competitive market. 【详解】“百年老店”对应century-old store”，“享有盛誉”是enjoy a great reputation ，“因……”用for引出原因，“出色的工艺”即excellent craftsmanship，“使得”用enable ；“脱颖而出”为stand out；“在竞争激烈的市场中”表达为in a highly competitive market。  前半句This century-old store enjoys a great reputation for its excellent craftsmanship是主句，后半句which enables it to stand out even in a highly competitive market为非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整个主句内容，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。 39．未来是否会有这样一个时刻：研究人员会开发出一种革命性的材料，该材料即便在最强地震发生时也能防止建筑物倒塌?(keep) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Will there be a time in the future when researchers develop a revolutionary material that can keep buildings from collapsing even when the strongest earthquake hits? 【详解】句子核心是疑问句式“未来是否有某一时刻”，对应一般将来时的there be疑问结构Will there be a time/moment in the future；修饰“时刻”的内容用when引导定语从句衔接，说明该时刻发生的事件；表示“研究人员开发出革命性材料”译为researchers develop a revolutionary material，修饰“材料”的功能用that/which引导定语从句，表示“防止/阻止某物做某事”译为keep sth from doing sth，“防止建筑物倒塌”即译为keep buildings from collapsing；“即便在最强地震发生时”译为even when the strongest earthquake hits/happens。 40．与传统教学方式相比，线上教育在一定程度上更具灵活性，这主要归功于教育者配备了先进的数字化工具。(arm v.) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Compared with traditional teaching methods, online education is more flexible to a certain extent, which is mainly because educators are armed with advanced digital tools. 【详解】根据句意以及句子提示词可知，表示“与传统教学方式相比”应为动词短语compare with traditional teaching methods，结合句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，compare with和逻辑主语表示“线上教育”的名词短语online education为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式；表示“更具灵活性”为形容词比较级more flexible；表示“在一定程度上”应为介词短语to a certain extent；后接关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话在从句中作主语成分，在该从句中，谓语动词为is，后接连接副词because表示“因为”引导的表语从句，表示“教育者”为名词educators；表示“配备了先进的数字化工具”应为动词短语be armed with advanced digital tools；表示“主要”为副词mainly；结合句意可知，该句为陈述一般事实，为一般现在时。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The secret to a longer life? Being conscientious（认真的） Executives who build successful companies, Olympic athletes, and even some US presidents are all likely to live longer than the average person — because they are more conscientious. The life-extending benefits of a conscientious life 41 (bring) to light by a comparison of 20 previous studies. The studies, rated 8,900 people for conscientiousness using a standard psychological survey, and also recorded 42 they died. Howard Friedman and Margaret Kern at the University of California at Riverside found that people who were less conscientious were 50 percent more likely to die at any given age, on average, than 43 of the same age who scored highly. This has a greater impact than socioeconomic status and intelligence, which are also known 44 (increase) longevity. The analysis by Friedman and Kern highlighted a significant correlation between conscientiousness and life span, 45 (suggest) that personality traits play a critical role in determining longevity. Friedman and Kern then divided the most conscientious study subjects into subgroups and found that high achievers were most likely to live the longest, says Kern. “These are individuals who are hard-working, resourceful, confident, and ambitious; the longest second line were orderly people, 46 structured and disciplined lifestyles contributed to their longevity. Finally, traits of responsibility and reliability were also significant. “These are people often 47 (see) as respectable members of the community. They contribute time and energy to society, cooperate with colleagues and neighbors, and are trustworthy people,” says Kern. Friedman suggests that conscientious people do not live longer simply 48 they are boring or cautious, but admits they tend to “live lives that are more stable and less stressful”. This stability might come 49 their ability to plan, organize, and maintain healthy routines, which are essential for long-term well-being. “One of the studies we included 50 (look) at American presidents,” says Kern. The first US president, George Washington, lived to be 67, double the life expectancy there at the time. “Washington was very conscientious, yet he certainly didn’t live a boring life.” 【答案】 41．were brought 42．when 43．those 44．to increase 45．suggesting 46．whose 47．seen 48．because 49．from 50．looked 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。通过整合20项研究，美国学者发现“认真尽责”性格可显著提高寿命，其效果超越社会经济地位和智商。 41．考查时态和语态。句意：一项对 20 项先前研究的比较揭示了认真负责的生活方式对延长寿命的益处。空格处是谓语动词，句子描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时；主语The life-extending benefits与动词短语bring to light之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语是复数形式，be动词用were。故填were brought。 42．考查宾语从句。句意：这些研究通过一项标准的心理调查对8900人进行了责任心方面的评估，并且还记录了他们的死亡时间。空格后的部分是宾语从句，此处表示“记录死亡的时间”，用连接副词when引导宾语从句。故填when。 43．考查代词。句意：加利福尼亚大学河滨分校的霍华德·弗里德曼和玛格丽特·凯恩发现，那些不太注重自律的人，在同等年龄阶段内平均死亡的概率要比那些得分较高的同龄人高出50%。根据空格后的of the same age who scored highly可知，空格处应该填入一个代词代替上文的people，且意义为“那些人”，用those。故填those。 44．考查非谓语动词。句意：这比社会经济地位和智力所产生的影响都要大，而这些因素也已被证实能延长寿命。be known to do“被认为做某事”是固定搭配。故填to increase。 45．考查非谓语动词。句意：弗里德曼和凯恩的分析揭示了责任心与寿命之间存在着显著的关联，这表明性格特征在决定寿命方面起着至关重要的作用。空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词suggest与上文的内容之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词suggesting作状语。故填suggesting。 46．考查定语从句。句意：第二长寿群体是生活规律的人，他们有条理、自律的生活方式有助于长寿。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词people，关系词在从句中作定语，且意义为“……的；其”，所以用关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。 47．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些人通常被视为社区中值得尊敬的成员。空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰上文的名词people，动词see与名词people之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词seen作定语。故填seen。 48．考查连词。句意：弗里德曼认为，那些尽职尽责的人之所以寿命更长，并非仅仅是因为他们性格沉稳、行事谨慎，而是因为他们往往“过着更为稳定、压力较小的生活”。空格后的内容与上文是因果关系，所以，空格处应该用连词because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 49．考查介词。句意：这种稳定性可能源于他们具备的规划、组织以及维持健康生活规律的能力，而这些对于长期的身心健康至关重要。come from“源于；来自于”的固定搭配，符合句意。故填from。 50．考查时态。句意：“我们所纳入的一项研究是关于美国总统的，”凯恩说道。空格处是谓语动词，根据上文的we included可知，此处描述过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时。故填looked。 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Britain’s obesity problem is costing our economy almost £100 billion a year and will leave us a sick and poor nation, a report has found. Analysis from the Tony Blair Institute, published by The Times, estimates that the damaging effect 51 national productivity from excess weight is nine times greater than previously believed. The cost of obesity is expected to grow by another £10 billion over the next 15 years, according to the report. The total cost of £98 billion, which includes the £63 billion cost of shorter, 52 (healthy) lives, is equivalent to about 4 per cent of GDP. Henry Dimbleby, the Government’s former food tsar, has called on ministers 53 (launch) smoking-style restrictions on junk food and turn away from plans to put millions of overweight people on weight-loss drugs. According to Mr Dimbleby, 54 such interventions are in place, Britain will be left a sick and impoverished nation, the NHS will suck all the money out of the other public services while at the same time, economic growth and tax revenue will stagnate. To date, the government 55 (shelve) plans for a 9 pm junk food advertising watershed (禁播起始时间) and a ban on buy-one-get-one-free deals on unhealthy products until 2025. Victoria Atkins, the health secretary, suggests the authorities 56 (transfer) from being nanny-statist (管理过度) to giving people help and advice on how to be healthier. A Department of Health spokesman told The Times that it was “taking firm action to tackle obesity” 57 actually worked, citing food-labelling guidelines, funding for school sports and giving healthy food vouchers to 58 (disadvantage) families. Hermione Dace, of the Tony Blair Institute, told the newspaper that its analysis shows that the health of the nation and our economic growth and prosperity 59 (ground) on dealing with obesity. “We need a fresh approach 60 real options are available to people, rebalancing the food system in favour of healthy, cost-effective choices and discouraging profiting from ultra-processed and junk food.” 【答案】 51．on 52．unhealthier 53．to launch 54．unless 55．has shelved 56．(should) transfer 57．that/which 58．disadvantaged 59．are grounded 60．where 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一项分析称英国肥胖危机每年造成近千亿英镑经济损失，相关人士指出若不采取严厉干预，这将导致国民健康恶化、经济停滞，并呼吁政府采取更坚定的行动。 51．考查介词。句意：《泰晤士报》发布的托尼·布莱尔研究所分析估计，超重对国民生产力的破坏性影响是此前预估的九倍。根据空后的“national productivity”可知，空处应用介词on，和名词effect搭配，表示“对……的影响”。故填on。 52．考查形容词比较级。句意：总计980亿英镑的成本，其中包括因寿命缩短和健康恶化导致的630亿英镑损失，约占GDP的4%。空处和shorter并列，作修饰lives的定语，形容词unhealthy“不健康的”符合语境，且需用比较级形式，和shorter保持形式一致。故填unhealthier。 53．考查非谓语动词。句意：政府前食品政策负责人亨利·丁布尔比呼吁部长们对垃圾食品实施类似烟草的严格限制，并放弃为超重人群大规模提供减肥药的计划。call on sb. to do是固定短语，意为“呼吁某人做某事”，因此用launch“发起，发动”的不定式形式。故填to launch。 54．考查状语从句。句意：根据丁布尔比先生的说法，除非这些干预措施到位，否则英国将沦为贫病交加的国家，NHS会耗尽其他公共服务的资金，同时经济增长和税收将陷入停滞。“英国将沦为贫病交加的国家”建立在“这些干预措施到位”不成立的情况下，因此用unless“除非”引导条件状语从句。故填unless。 55．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，政府已暂缓原定于2025年前实施的垃圾食品晚间9点广告禁播计划和不健康产品“买一送一”促销限制。空处作句子的谓语，结合“To date”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，shelve“搁置”和主语the government之间是主动关系，且主语是单数，助动词应用has。故填has shelved。 56．考查虚拟语气。句意：卫生部长维多利亚·阿特金斯建议当局从管理过度转变为向人们提供帮助和建议，告诉他们如何变得更健康。suggest表示“建议”，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语部分用“should+动词原形”的形式，且should可以省略。故填(should) transfer。 57．考查定语从句。句意：卫生部的一名发言人告诉《泰晤士报》，他们正在“采取坚定的行动来解决肥胖问题”，这实际上是有效的，他提到了食品标签指南、资助学校体育活动以及向弱势家庭发放健康食品券。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词action，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。 58．考查形容词。句意：卫生部的一名发言人告诉《泰晤士报》，他们正在“采取坚定的行动来解决肥胖问题”，这实际上是有效的，他提到了食品标签指南、资助学校体育活动以及向弱势家庭发放健康食品券。空处作修饰families的定语，形容词disadvantaged符合题意，意为“贫困的，处于不利地位的”。故填disadvantaged。 59．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：托尼·布莱尔研究所的赫敏·戴斯在接受报纸采访时表示，该分析表明，国家的健康以及我们的经济增长和繁荣是建立在解决肥胖问题的基础上的。空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，be grounded on“以……为根据”是固定短语，应用被动语态，且主语是两个名词短语，be动词应用are。故填are grounded。 60．考查定语从句。句意：“我们需要一种新的方法，为人们提供真正的选择，重新平衡食品体系，支持健康、具有成本效益的选择，并阻止从超加工食品和垃圾食品中获利。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词approach，先行词在从句中表示“为人们提供真正的选择”发生的抽象地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $