暑假作业08 Unit2 Exploring English词汇与阅读（巩固培优）高一英语外研版

**基本信息** 以词汇构词规律与句型结构分析为核心，构建"基础-进阶-应用"三阶训练体系，融合语言能力培养与跨文化思维训练。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |核心词汇|67词（含60核心+7拓展）|构词法（合成/派生）、搭配规则、语境应用|从音形义基础到同义替换、跨文化对比（如美式vs英式表达）| |核心句型|8个长难句|成分划分法、仿写模板、逻辑连接词分析|从简单句到复合句（定语从句/非谓语动词）的层级递进| |阅读理解|5篇（含语言现象/文化主题）|主旨定位、细节比对、词义猜测技巧|从语言知识积累到语篇分析与文化意识构建|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业08 Unit2 Exploring English词汇与阅读 1、 核心基础信息 必修第一册Unit2 Exploring English核心基础信息 模块 核心内容 初升高衔接重点 学习目标 教材对应板块 难度等级 单元主题 Exploring English（探索英语），围绕英语语言的起源与发展、全球英语变体、英语学习方法、跨文化语言交流展开 从初中基础英语知识积累，到高中英语语言探究、词汇构词法拓展、长难句分析、跨文化语言对比的能力过渡 掌握单元核心词汇、句型、语法，能完成英语学习相关主题的写作与交流 Starting out, Understanding ideas ★★★☆☆ 核心词汇 高频核心词60个，拓展词80个，覆盖语言发展、文化交流、英语学习、能力提升四大场景 构词法拓展词汇，前缀/后缀记忆法，解决高中词汇量激增的难点 能熟练拼写、运用核心词汇，掌握前后缀构词规则，拓展同根词 Vocabulary, Using language ★★★★☆ 核心句型 定语从句进阶、非谓语动词、主语从句、让步状语从句、动名词作主语等高中核心句型 从初中简单句到高中复合句的过渡，长难句句子成分划分方法 能识别并分析长难句结构，能运用核心句型进行写作与口语表达 Understanding ideas, Using language ★★★★☆ 核心语法 定语从句进阶、非谓语动词综合用法、时态综合运用、构词法拓展、状语从句进阶 初三语法的巩固与高一进阶语法的衔接，解决高中长难句分析的核心痛点 能熟练运用核心语法规则，能在写作与阅读中正确应用语法知识 Using language, Grammar ★★★★★ 课文理解 2篇主课文：The English Language、English in the World，覆盖英语起源、发展、全球变体、语言学习等核心内容 从初中记叙文阅读到高中说明文、议论文阅读的过渡，提升语篇分析与主旨概括能力 能读懂课文内容，准确概括段落与全文主旨，能分析课文中的长难句与核心知识点 Understanding ideas, Developing ideas ★★★★☆ 2、 核心词汇 必修第一册Unit2 Exploring English核心词汇总表 序号 单词 标准音标 词性 中文释义 核心考点提示 1 title /ˈtaɪtl/ n. 题目，标题 核心搭配：the title of the book 本书标题；可作动词表 “给…… 加标题” 2 pine /paɪn/ n. 松树 核心搭配：pine tree 松树；合成词 pineapple 菠萝 3 pineapple /ˈpaɪnæpl/ n. 菠萝 合成词（pine+apple）；核心考点：合成法构词 4 ham /hæm/ n. 火腿 核心搭配：ham sandwich 火腿三明治；合成词 hamburger 汉堡包 5 eggplant /ˈegplɑːnt/ n. 茄子 * 阅读拓展词；合成词（egg+plant）；核心考点：合成法构词 6 sculpt /skʌlpt/ v. 雕刻，雕塑 □ 课标拓展词；核心搭配：sculpt a statue 雕刻雕像；派生词 sculpture 7 sculpture /ˈskʌlptʃə/ n. 雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品 □ 课标拓展词；核心搭配：a sculpture of a lion 狮子雕像 8 seasick /ˈsiːsɪk/ adj. 晕船的 * 阅读拓展词；核心搭配：be seasick 晕船；同类词 airsick/carsick/homesick 9 airsick /ˈeəsɪk/ adj. 晕机的 * 阅读拓展词；核心搭配：be airsick 晕机 10 carsick /ˈkɑːsɪk/ adj. 晕车的 * 阅读拓展词；核心搭配：be carsick 晕车 11 homesick /ˈhəʊmsɪk/ adj. 想家的 * 阅读拓展词；核心搭配：be homesick 想家；homesickness n. 乡愁 12 opposing /əˈpəʊzɪŋ/ adj. （观点、意见等）相反的，相对立的 □ 课标拓展词；核心搭配：opposing views 对立的观点；v.oppose 反对 13 behavior /bɪˈheɪvjə/ n. 举止，行为 核心搭配：good behavior 良好的行为；v.behave 表现 14 confusing /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/ adj. 令人困惑的 □ 课标拓展词；核心搭配：a confusing question 令人困惑的问题；v.confuse 使困惑 15 capitalized /ˈkæpɪtəlaɪzd/ adj. 大写的 * 阅读拓展词；核心搭配：capitalized letters 大写字母；v.capitalize 大写 16 unique /juːˈniːk/ adj. 独一无二的，独特的 核心搭配：a unique experience 独特的经历；uniqueness n. 独特性 17 burn up /bɜːn ʌp/ v. 短语 烧毁，烧尽 核心搭配：burn up the house 烧毁房子；区别：burn down 烧毁（建筑物） 18 burn down /bɜːn daʊn/ v. 短语 烧毁 核心搭配：burn down the building 烧毁建筑物；区别：burn up 烧尽（物品） 19 alarm /əˈlɑːm/ n. 警报器；闹钟 核心搭配：fire alarm 火警；alarm clock 闹钟；v.alarm 使警觉 20 reflect /rɪˈflekt/ v. 显示，反映 核心搭配：reflect the reality 反映现实；n.reflection 反射、反思 21 creativity /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/ n. 创造性，创造力 核心搭配：human creativity 人类创造力；adj.creative 有创造力的 22 visible /ˈvɪzəbl/ adj. 看得见的，可见的 □ 课标拓展词；核心搭配：visible stars 可见的星星；反义词 invisible 不可见的 23 wind up /wɪnd ʌp/ v. 短语 给（机械）上发条；使（活动、会议等）结束 核心搭配：wind up the clock 给钟上发条；wind up the meeting 结束会议 24 creative /kriːˈeɪtɪv/ adj. 创造（性）的 核心搭配：creative thinking 创造性思维；v.create 创造；n.creativity 创造力 25 type /taɪp/ n. 类型，种类 核心搭配：a type of 一种……；v.type 打字 26 come across /kʌm əˈkrɒs/ v. 短语 偶然发现 核心搭配：come across a new word 偶然遇到一个生词 27 unfamiliar /ˌʌnfəˈmɪliə/ adj. 不熟悉的，不了解的 核心搭配：be unfamiliar with 对…… 不熟悉；反义词 familiar 熟悉的 28 contact /ˈkɒntækt/ v. 联系，联络 核心搭配：contact sb. 联系某人；n.contact 联系、接触 29 organization /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 组织，团体，机构 核心搭配：a student organization 学生组织；v.organize 组织 30 likely /ˈlaɪkli/ adj. 可能的，可能发生的 核心搭配：be likely to do sth. 可能做某事；反义词 unlikely 不可能的 31 subway /ˈsʌbweɪ/ n. 地铁 核心搭配：take the subway 乘地铁；美式英语，对应英式 underground 32 highway /ˈhaɪweɪ/ n. 公路 核心搭配：on the highway 在公路上；区别：motorway 高速公路 33 motorway /ˈməʊtəweɪ/ n. 高速公路 * 阅读拓展词；英式英语，对应美式 expressway 34 gas /ɡæs/ n. 汽油 核心搭配：gas station 加油站；美式英语，对应英式 petrol 35 petrol /ˈpetrəl/ n. 汽油 核心搭配：petrol station 加油站；英式英语，对应美式 gas 36 apartment /əˈpɑːtmənt/ n. 一套住房，公寓套房 核心搭配：an apartment building 公寓楼；美式英语，对应英式 flat 37 flat /flæt/ n. 一套住房，公寓套房 核心搭配：a new flat 新公寓；英式英语，对应美式 apartment 38 elevator /ˈelɪveɪtə/ n. 电梯，升降机 * 阅读拓展词；美式英语，对应英式 lift 39 context /ˈkɒntekst/ n. 上下文，语境 核心搭配：in the context of 在…… 语境下；context clues 上下文线索 40 addition /əˈdɪʃn/ n. 增加物，添加物 核心搭配：in addition 此外；v.add 增加 41 forum /ˈfɔːrəm/ n. （因特网上的）论坛，讨论区 * 阅读拓展词；核心搭配：an online forum 在线论坛 42 resource /rɪˈzɔːs/ n. 资料，（教学）资源 核心搭配：learning resources 学习资源；natural resources 自然资源 43 misadventure /ˌmɪsədˈventʃə/ n. 事故，灾难 * 阅读拓展词；核心搭配：a travel misadventure 旅行事故；adventure n. 冒险 44 remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/ v. 提醒，使…… 想起 核心搭配：remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事；remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 45 rather /ˈrɑːðə/ adv. 相当，颇 核心搭配：rather difficult 相当难；would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事 46 comment /ˈkɒment/ n. 评论 核心搭配：make a comment 发表评论；v.comment 评论 47 frog /frɒɡ/ n. 蛙，青蛙 □ 课标拓展词；核心习语：have a frog in one’s throat 喉咙痛、说话困难 48 throat /θrəʊt/ n. 喉咙，咽喉 * 阅读拓展词；核心搭配：have a sore throat 喉咙痛 49 have a frog in one’s throat /hæv ə frɒɡ ɪn wʌnz θrəʊt/ 习语 （尤因喉咙痛）说话困难 核心习语，写作 / 口语高频表达 50 downtown /ˌdaʊnˈtaʊn/ adj. 在城镇中心区的，在闹市区的 核心搭配：downtown area 市中心区；adv. 在市中心 51 boot /buːt/ n. 靴子 核心搭配：a pair of boots 一双靴子 52 entrance /ˈentrəns/ n. 大门（口），入口（处） 核心搭配：the entrance to the park 公园入口；反义词 exit 出口 53 section /ˈsekʃn/ n. 区域 核心搭配：a section of the city 城市的一个区域 54 exit /ˈegzɪt/ n. 出口 核心搭配：the exit of the building 建筑出口；反义词 entrance 入口 55 actually /ˈæktʃuəli/ adv. 事实上，实际上 核心搭配：actually speaking 事实上；近义词 in fact 56 downstairs /ˌdaʊnˈsteəz/ adv. 在楼下 核心搭配：go downstairs 下楼；反义词 upstairs 在楼上 57 wicked /ˈwɪkɪd/ adj. 缺德的，邪恶的；很棒的，极好的 * 阅读拓展词；核心搭配：a wicked man 邪恶的人；a wicked idea 绝妙的主意 58 odd /ɒd/ adj. 奇特的，古怪的 核心搭配：an odd story 古怪的故事；近义词 strange 59 negative /ˈnegətɪv/ adj. 消极的，负面的 核心搭配：negative attitude 消极的态度；反义词 positive 积极的 60 positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ adj. 好的，积极的 核心搭配：positive attitude 积极的态度；反义词 negative 消极的 61 error /ˈerə/ n. 错误，谬误 核心搭配：make an error 犯错误；近义词 mistake 62 intend /ɪnˈtend/ v. 计划，打算 核心搭配：intend to do sth. 打算做某事；n.intention 意图 63 informal /ɪnˈfɔːml/ adj. （书写或言谈）非正式的 核心搭配：informal English 非正式英语；反义词 formal 正式的 64 recognise /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. 认识，辨认出 核心搭配：recognise sb. 认出某人；n.recognition 识别、认可 65 base /beɪs/ v. 以…… 为基础 核心搭配：base... on... 以…… 为基础；n.base 基础、基地 66 aware /əˈweə/ adj. 意识到的，明白的 核心搭配：be aware of 意识到、察觉到；n.awareness 意识 67 be aware of /bi əˈweə ɒv/ v. 短语 意识到，察觉到 核心固定搭配，高频考点 3、 核心短语与固定搭配 必修第一册Unit2核心短语与固定搭配 序号 短语/固定搭配 中文释义 课文适配例句 1 have trouble doing 做某事有困难 Students often have trouble understanding different English accents. 2 get... doing 使…… 开始做某事 I got the car running again after fixing it. 3 in one's free time 在某人的空闲时间 I like reading English novels in my free time. 4 speaking of 说到，谈及（用于引出新话题） Speaking of travel, have you booked our hotel yet? 5 wonder at 对…… 感到惊讶、好奇 You have to wonder at the unique madness of the English language. 6 burn up / down 烧毁，烧尽 A house can burn up as it burns down in a fire. 7 fill in / out a form 填写表格 To fill in a form means the same as to fill out a form. 8 human race 人类 English reflects the creativity of the human race. 9 wind up 给（机械）上发条；结束（活动、会议） I forget to wind up the clock, so it stopped working. 10 play safe 谨慎行事，不冒险 It's best to play safe by cooking the meat thoroughly. 11 have a frog in one's throat （尤因喉咙痛）说话困难 I have a frog in my throat today, so I can't give the speech. 12 spend time doing 花费时间做某事 I spend a lot of time learning English every day. 13 look forward to doing （兴奋地）期待、盼望做某事 I am looking forward to the new school term. 14 be aware of 意识到，察觉到 We should be aware of the differences between British and American English. 15 come across 偶然发现、遇到 I came across an interesting new word in the book. 16 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事、使某人想起某事 This song reminds me of my childhood. 17 base... on... 以…… 为基础 We should base our opinions on facts. 18 in addition 此外，另外 In addition, we need to prepare for the coming exam. 19 be likely to do sth. 可能做某事 It is likely to rain this afternoon. 20 be unfamiliar with 对…… 不熟悉 I am unfamiliar with this new type of phone. 4、 核心句型与长难句分析 必修第一册Unit2核心句型与长难句分析 序号 句型/长难句 句子类型 句子成分分析 仿写模板与例句 1 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? 主从复合句（宾语从句） 主句：Have you ever asked yourself；宾语从句：why people often have trouble learning English，作 asked 的宾语；从句中 people 是主语，have trouble 是谓语，learning English 是宾语 模板：Have you ever asked yourself + 宾语从句例句：Have you ever asked yourself why you want to learn English well? 2 I hadn’t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger. 主从复合句（时间状语从句 + 宾语从句） 主句：I hadn’t；时间状语从句：until one day my five-year-old son asked me...；宾语从句：whether there was ham in a hamburger，作 asked 的宾语 模板：主句 + until + 时间状语从句（含宾语从句）例句：I didn’t know it, until my friend told me what had happened. 3 While we’re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don’t get homesick when we get back home. 并列复合句（时间状语从句 + 转折并列句） 时间状语从句：While we’re doing all this traveling；主句 1：we can get seasick...；主句 2：but we don’t get homesick...；时间状语从句：when we get back home 模板：While + 时间从句，主句 1 + but + 主句 2 + when + 时间从句例句：While we’re traveling, we can visit many places, but we often miss our family when we are away. 4 You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off! 主从复合句（定语从句 + 时间状语从句） 主句：You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language；三个并列的 in which 引导的定语从句，修饰 language；每个定语从句中都含有时间状语从句 模板：主句 + 先行词 + in which + 定语从句 1, in which + 定语从句 2, and in which + 定语从句 3例句：I love the beauty of a country in which the mountains are high, in which the rivers are clear, and in which the people are friendly. 5 English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. 并列句 两个并列的主句，由 and 连接；主句 1：English was invented by people, not computers；主句 2：it reflects the creativity of the human race 模板：主句 1 + and + 主句 2例句：English is learned by people all over the world, and it becomes more and more important. 6 That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. 主从复合句（表语从句 + 时间状语从句 + 转折并列句） 主句：That is；表语从句：why...；表语从句中包含两个并列的时间状语从句，由 but 连接 模板：That is why + 时间从句 1 + 主句 1 + but + 时间从句 2 + 主句 2例句：That is why when the sun rises, the world is bright, but when the sun sets, the world is dark. 7 When I was looking for the exit, I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor, not the first floor. 主从复合句（时间状语从句 + 宾语从句） 时间状语从句：When I was looking for the exit；主句：I saw；宾语从句：that shoes were actually sold downstairs...，作 saw 的宾语 模板：When + 时间从句，主句 + that + 宾语从句例句：When I was walking in the street, I saw that an old man was lying on the ground. 8 When I got the paper back, I found my teacher had written the comment “Not bad!” 主从复合句（时间状语从句 + 宾语从句） 时间状语从句：When I got the paper back；主句：I found；宾语从句：my teacher had written the comment “Not bad!”，作 found 的宾语，省略了引导词 that 模板：When + 时间从句，主句 + 宾语从句（省略 that）例句：When I opened the box, I found there was a beautiful gift inside. 考点一 完成句子 1．I have a friend who has the ________________ (截然不同的观点) and felt that the war was moral. (opposing短语) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】opposing view 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我有一个朋友持截然不同的观点，认为这场战争是合乎道德的。根据汉语提示“截然不同的观点”以及括号内的“opposing短语”要求，形容词“opposing”意为“相反的、对立的”，“观点”译为view，可数名词，因前面有定冠词“the”表特指，此处用单数形式，“截然不同的观点”即opposing view。故填opposing view。 2．She felt ________________ her country. (思念自己的祖国) (homesick短语) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】homesick for 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：她思念自己的祖国。根据汉语提示“思念自己的祖国”以及括号内的“homesick短语”要求，“homesick”意为“思乡的、思念祖国的”，其常用搭配为“homesick for”，表示“思念……”，符合语境。故填homesick for。 3．The research team ___________ the satellite after the storm yesterday. (失去联系) (用contact的相关短语或适当形式完成句子) 【答案】lost contact with 【详解】考查动词短语及时态。句意：研究团队在昨天暴风雨后与卫星失去了联系。“失去联系”可表达为lose contact with，根据时间状语yesterday可知，句子时态为一般过去时，所以动词lose要用过去式lost。故填lost contact with。 4．This old map can prove ________________ (对我们有用) during our mountain hike. (useful短语) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】useful to us 【详解】考查形容词短语。句意：在我们徒步登山时这张旧地图能证明对我们有用。根据汉语提示可知，短语为 useful to sb.“对某人有用”。故填useful to us。 5．Excessive screen time in early childhood has ________ cognitive development. (用negative的相关短语完成句子) 【答案】a negative impact on 【详解】考查短语。句意：童年 时期过度使用电子屏幕会对认知发展产生负面影响。表示“对……有负面影响”用have a negative impact on，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式has。故填a negative impact on。 6．She handed me the document________.(没有任何解释) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】without comment 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：她默默地把那份文件递给了我。表示“没有任何解释”用without comment，介词短语作状语。故填without comment。 考点二 单词拼写 7．You are likely to _________(遇见）books you love to read. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】come across 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：你可能会遇到你喜欢读的书。根据汉语提示可知应填动词短语come across，且为be likely to do sth.短语。故填come across。 8．You can spend three days________（探索雨林）with in a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals________（雨林独有的）。（explore; unique）（根据中英文提示完成句子） 【答案】 exploring the rainforest unique to 【详解】本题考查动名词和形容词。句意：你可以在当地导游的陪同下花三天时间探索雨林，享受雨林特有的动植物。解题要点：分析句子可知，设空处为“花费时间做某事”，spend+时间+(in) doing，动名词作宾语，根据汉语提示，故填exploring the rainforest；设空处修饰前面的名词作定语，应用形容词形式，再根据汉语意思，应为unique，对于雨林是特有的，用unique to，故第二个空为unique to。故答案为①exploring the rainforest；②unique to。 9．________ (这里有) some of our favourites, to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world! (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】Here are 【详解】句意：这里有一些我们最喜欢的例子，提醒我们课堂上学的英语和外界生活中的英语大不相同。根据汉语提示“这里有”可知，空处应用全部倒装句式here are；后文的主语为复数，be动词用are；句首单词首字母需大写。 10．It’s wise of the students to ________ (浏览) all the questions carefully before they start writing the test paper. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】look through 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：学生们在开始作答试卷之前仔细浏览所有题目是明智之举。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词短语look through，空前to是不定式符号（不定式作主语），应用动词原形。故填look through。 11．If you keep wasting time, you’ll ________ (最终处于) with nothing. (根据汉语意思填空) 【答案】wind up 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：如果你继续浪费时间，你最终会一无所获。根据汉语提示“最终处于”和空后的with nothing可知，这里应用wind up，wind up with sth.意为“最终陷入……”。空前有will，空处用动词原形。故填wind up。 12．________ (说到) your plan, I have something important to tell you. (根据汉语意思填空) 【答案】Speaking of 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：谈到你的计划，我有重要的事情要告诉你。根据汉语提示和空后的your plan，这里应用speaking of，意为“说到”，为短语介词，用来引出话题，位于句首应大写首字母。故填Speaking of。 13．This remote region is home to many animals ________ ________ ________ ________ (雨林独有的). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 unique to the rainforest 【详解】考查形容词短语。句意：这个偏远地区是许多动物的家园，这些动物是雨林独有的。“雨林独有的”作后置定语修饰名词animals，“……独有的”用形容词短语unique to...表示，介词宾语“雨林”用the rainforest。故填unique；to；the；rainforest。 考点三 短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次。 down     base       concerned    stick    win 14．We should to our dream no matter how difficult it is. 15．The of the speech competition has been decided by the five teachers. 16．Tim has been feeling because of his low test scores. 17．Lucy hasn’t been back home and the family are all about her safety. 18．The film that is on a true story is popular with young people. 【答案】14．stick 15．winner 16．down 17．concerned 18．based 【解析】14．考查动词。句意：我们应该坚持我们的梦想，不管它有多困难。根据“should”可知，空处需填动词原形，结合句意可以，此处表示“坚持梦想”，stick to表示“坚持”，符合句意。故填stick。 15．考查名词。句意：演讲比赛的优胜者已由五位老师选出。根据“The”及“has”可知，空处需填单数名词作主语，结合句意可知，老师选出的应是比赛的获胜者，win作动词，表示“获胜”，名词winner表示“获胜者”，符合句意。故填winner。 16．考查形容词。句意：蒂姆因为考试成绩太低而情绪低落。根据“feeling”可知，空处需填形容词作表语，结合句意可知，他成绩太低，故而会感到心情低落。Down作形容词，表示“心情低落的”，符合句意。故填down。 17．考查形容词。句意：露西一直没有回家，全家人都很担心她的安全。根据句意可知，露西一直没有回家，故而全家人担心她的安全，be concerned about表示“关心，担忧”，符合句意。故填concerned。 18．考查动词。句意：这部根据真实故事改编的电影很受年轻人的欢迎。根据句意可知，这部影片以真实故事为基础，base作动词，表示“以……为基础”，be based on表示“基于，以……为基础”，符合句意。故填based。 选词填空 place  ride  however  with  after  deal  bravely  better  feel  remind  different Located in one of Beijing’s most active art communities, the Loneliness (孤独) Museum is always very crowded. 19 , everyone who visits the museum says that they are lonely. Divided into 13 parts including an office at night, the last subway and a hospital, the museum displays (展出) over 1000 lonely stories from 20 people. There are many notes with words of encouragement and ways 21 with solitude (孤独) on the walls and the stairs. They may feel 22 after seeing them. One of the museum’s owners Fang Fang says that people who come to work in big cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou may 23 lonely every now and then. So she wants to provide a 24 for them to relax. It 25 them that even though life is hard, there are lots of people like them. They are not alone. 26 the development of technology, it is easier for people to get in touch with old friends and make new friends. However, young people are likely to feel lonely. People may get used to loneliness as they get older 27 they experience important life events and life changes. Luckily, our society is more tolerant (宽容的) towards this kind of young group, often encouraging them to face this crazy changing world 28 . In a room of the museum, with three bicycles, strangers can 29 together to light up the lights on the wall, which forms a sentence- “Loneliness comes together with love”. 【答案】19．However 20．different 21．to deal 22．better 23．feel 24．place 25．reminds 26．With 27．after 28．bravely 29．ride 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍位于北京最活跃的艺术社区之一——孤独博物馆。 【详解】19．考查副词。句意：位于北京最活跃的艺术社区之一，孤独博物馆总是非常拥挤。然而，每个参观博物馆的人都说他们很孤独。前后是转折关系，又有逗号，所以用副词however表示转折，且位于句首，首字母用大写。故填However。 20．考查形容词。句意：博物馆分为夜间办公室、末班车和医院等13个部分，展示了1000多个不同人的孤独故事。空后people是名词，由形容词修饰，此处指“不同的”人。故填different。 21．考查动词不定式作宾语。句意：墙上和楼梯上有很多鼓励的话和处理孤独的方法。名词way后面用动词不定式作宾语，deal with的意思是“处理”。故填to deal。 22．考查比较级。句意：看完后他们可能会感觉好一些。此处用比较级。故填better。 23．考查情态动词。句意：博物馆的一位老板方方(音译)说，来北京、上海和广州等大城市工作的人可能会时不时感到孤独。情态动词may后跟动词原形，feel符合句意。故填feel。 24．考查名词。句意：所以她想为他们提供一个放松的地方。此处指“一个放松的地方”，所以名词place符合句意。故填place。 25．考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：它提醒他们，即使生活艰难，也有很多人喜欢他们。该句在描述一个客观事实，句子用一般现在时，且句子主语是第三人称单数形式it。故填reminds。 26．考查介词。句意：随着科技的发展，人们更容易与老朋友联系，结交新朋友。固定短语：with the development of“随着……的发展”；位于句首，首字母用大写。故填With。 27．考查连词。句意：人们可能会在经历重要的生活事件和生活变化后，随着年龄的增长而习惯孤独。此处是after引导的时间状语从句。故填after。 28．考查副词。句意：幸运的是，我们的社会对这类年轻人更加宽容，经常鼓励他们勇敢地面对这个疯狂变化的世界。此处是副词修饰动词，所以副词bravely“勇敢地”符合句意。故填bravely。 29．考查动词。句意：在博物馆的一个房间里，有三辆自行车，陌生人可以一起骑，点亮墙上的灯，组成一个句子——“孤独伴随着爱走到一起”。情态动词后跟动词原形，动词ride“骑”符合句意。故填ride。 选词填空 A．contact    B．responsibility    C． content   D．credit 30．He is a man of great in our school. 31．Keep eye in conversation and build trust. 32．It’s our to protect the environment. 33．The of your essay is excellent, but it’s not very well expressed. 【答案】30．D 31．A 32．B 33．C 【解析】30．考查名词。句意：他在我们学校是个很有信誉的人。形容一个人有“信用”，合乎句意，因此填入名词credit。故选D项。 31．考查名词。句意：在谈话中保持眼神交流并建立信任。contact意为“接触”，eye contact为“眼神交流”，合乎句意。故选A项。 32．考查名词。句意：保护环境是我们的责任。由常识可知，保护环境是每一个人的“责任”，因此填入名词responsibility。故选B项。 33．考查名词。句意：你的文章内容很好，但表达得不是很好。由essay (文章)可知，选择content合乎句意，表示“内容”。故选C项。 从方框内的选项中选出可以填入下列空格的最佳选项。 A．flats    B．local    C． pollution    D．rubbish    E. services    F. noise    G. bridges Many towns and cities have the same problems as Arnwick. People need places to live, so the 34 government has to build more 35 . People need better bus and train 36 . They also produce more 37 , so the government has to make more efforts to protect the city against 38 . As we say, a hundred people make a thousand problems! 【答案】34．B 35．A 36．E 37．D 38．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是许多城镇和城市都有和Arnwick一样的问题，文中介绍了这些问题具体是什么。 34．考查形容词。句意：人们需要居住的地方，所以当地政府不得不建造更多的公寓。由“government”可知，此处表示“当地政府”，空格处意为“当地的”，用形容词作定语，修饰名词government，是local。故选B。 35．考查名词。句意：人们需要居住的地方，所以当地政府不得不建造更多的公寓。由“People need places to live”可知，人们需要居住的地方，所以当地政府不得不建造更多的公寓，空格处意为“公寓”，是flat，more后跟复数名词flats，故选A。 36．考查名词的复数。句意：人们需要更好的公共汽车和火车服务。由“People need better bus and train”可知，此处表示“人们需要更好的公共汽车和火车服务”，空格处是“服务”，是service，由“bus and train”可知，空格处需用复数名词，故选E。 37．考查名词。句意：他们也产生了更多的垃圾，所以政府必须做出更多的努力来保护城市免受污染。由“a hundred people make a thousand problems”可知，人多的时候会产生更多的垃圾，空格处意为“垃圾”，是rubbish，是不可数名词，故选D。 38．考查名词。句意：他们也产生了更多的垃圾，所以政府必须做出更多的努力来保护城市免受污染。由“They also produce more ____ ”可知，人们产生更多的垃圾，所以政府必须做出更多的努力来保护城市免受污染，空格处意为“污染”，是pollution，是不可数名词，故选C。 选词填空：选择正确的词、短语并用其适当形式填空 confident  dependent  argue  concern  shoot up attract  propose  alarm  stick to  be equal to 39．The rainforests are disappearing at an rate. 40．She her word once she promised to help. 41．I’m sure that she has great in her success. 42．The mother is about everything concerning her daughter. 43．His was refused by his boss, which made him a little sad. 44．Of course you can also visit other tourist by yourself. 45．I can’t believe this is Joshua—he has since we met last time! 46．Although he is very young, he running the company. 47．Now that you are a college student, you should learn to be of your parents.. 48．They argued with each other about the problem for a long time, and after some heated , a final decision was made. 【答案】39．alarming 40．stuck to 41．confidence 42．concerned 43．proposal 44．attractions 45．shot up 46．is equal to 47．independent 48．arguments 【解析】39．考查形容词。句意：雨林正在以惊人的速度消失。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词rate，alarm的形容词为alarming意为“惊人的”符合句意。故填alarming。 40．考查动词时态。句意：她一旦答应帮忙就信守诺言。设空处为谓语动词，根据once she promised to help可知，此处描述的是过去的情况，应用一般过去时，stick to意为“坚持，信守”符合句意，stick的过去式为stuck。故填stuck to。 41．考查名词。句意：我相信她对她的成功有很大的信心。此处为名词作宾语，confident的名词为confidence意为“信心”，且为不可数名词。故填confidence。 42．考查形容词。句意：母亲对有关女儿的一切都很关心。此处为形容词作表语，concern的形容词为concerned意为“关心的”符合句意。故填concerned。 43．考查名词。句意：他的建议被老板拒绝了，这使他有点难过。此处为名词作主语，根据“refused by his boss”可知，propose的名词为proposal意为“建议”符合语意，且谓语动词为was，所以此处应使用名词单数形式。故填proposal。 44．考查名词。句意：当然，你也可以自己参观其他的旅游景点。此处为名词作宾语，attract的名词为attraction意为“有吸引力的事物”，为可数名词，other后应使用名词复数形式。故填attractions。 45．考查动词时态。句意：我不敢相信这是约书亚——自从我们上次见面以来，他长得这么高了！分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语since we met last time可知，此处应使用现在完成时，shoot up意为“迅速成长”符合句意，且与主语之间为主动关系，此处使用过去分词与前文的has构成现在完成时。故填shot up。 46．考查固定短语。句意：虽然他很年轻，但他有能力经营公司。此处为谓语动词，be equal to doing sth.为固定短语，意为“有能力做某事”符合句意，主语为第三人称单数，句子陈述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故填is equal to。 47．考查形容词。句意：既然你已经是大学生了，你应该学会独立于父母。此处为形容词作表语，dependent的反义词为independent意为“独立的”符合句意。故填independent。 48．考查名词。句意：他们就这个问题争论了很长时间，经过一些激烈的争论后，做出了最后的决定。此处为名词作宾语，根据They argued可知，argue的名词为argument意为“争论”，为可数名词，some后应使用名词复数形式。故填arguments。 考点一 阅读理解 Some people learn a second language easily. Other people have trouble learning a new language. How can you help yourself learn a new language, such as English? There are several ways to make learning English a little easier and more interesting. The first step is to feel confident about learning English. If you believe that you can learn, you will learn. Be patient. You do not have to understand everything all at once. It is natural to make mistakes when you learn something new. We can learn from our mistakes. The second step is to practice your English. For example, write a journal every day. You will get used to writing in English, and you will feel comfortable expressing your ideas in English. After several weeks, you will see that your writing is improving. Besides, you must speak English every day. You can practice with your classmates outside class. You will all make mistakes, but gradually you will become comfortable communicating in English. The third step is to keep a record of your language learning. You can write this in your diary. After each class, think about what you did. Did you answer a question correctly? Did you understand something the teacher explained? Perhaps the lesson was difficult, but you tried to understand it. Write these achievements in your journal. You must be positive about learning English and believe that you can do it. It is important to practice every day and make a record of your achievements. You will enjoy learning English, and you will have more confidence in yourself. 49．What is important to English learning? A．To buy a dictionary. B．To read English novels every day. C．To make a record of your mistakes. D．To practice English every day and make a record of your achievements. 50．Which of the following is unnecessary for us to learn English? A．Being patient. B．Being confident. C．Avoiding making mistakes. D．Expressing your ideas in English. 51．How many ways to learn English does the text give? A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5. 52．What is the author’s purpose of writing the article? A．To encourage students to learn English. B．To give students suggestions to learn English. C．To introduce the importance of learning English. D．To comfort students who are not good at English. 【答案】49．D 50．C 51．B 52．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些学习英语的方法。 【详解】49．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The second step is to practice your English.(第二步是练习你的英语)”以及第四段中“The third step is to keep a record of your language learning.(第三步是记录你的语言学习情况)”及最后一段中“It is important to practice every day and make a record of your achievements.(每天练习并记录你的成绩是很重要的)”可知，每天练习英语并记录成绩对英语学习者来说非常重要。故选D项。 50．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It is natural to make mistakes when you learn something new. We can learn from our mistakes.(学习新东西时犯错误是很自然的。我们可以从错误中吸取教训)”可知，避免犯错误对我们学习英语是没有必要的。故选C项。 51．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first step is to feel confident about learning English.(第一步是对学习英语充满信心)”，第三段中“The second step is to practice your English.(第二步是练习你的英语)”和第四段中“The third step is to keep a record of your language learning.(第三步是记录你的语言学习情况)”可知，文章共给出了 3 种学习英语的方法，故选B项。 52．推理判断题。根据第一段中“There are several ways to make learning English a little easier and more interesting.(有几种方法可以使英语学习变得更容易、更有趣)”结合文章主要介绍了可以帮助自己学习一门新语言的方法，包括对学习英语有信心、练习英语以及记录你的语言学习情况，由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了给学生提供学习英语的建议。故选B项。 The best way of learning a language is using it. The best way of learning English is talking in English as much as possible. Sometimes you’ll get your words mixed up (混合) and people won’t understand you. Sometimes people will say things too quickly and you couldn’t understand them. But if you sense of humor (幽默感), you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes. It’s better for people to laugh at your mistakes than to be angry with you, because they don’t understand what you are saying. The most important thing for learning English is: “Don’t be afraid of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes.” 53．The writer thinks that the best way for you to learn a language is _____. A．writing it B．using it C．listening D．learning grammar 54．What should you do in learning English? A．Be careful not to make any mistakes B．Write as quickly as you can C．Speak English as much as you can D．Laugh more often 55．When you make a mistake, you should ______ A．keep quiet B．get angry C．be kind D．keep your sense of humor 56．The story tells us: “______”. A．Only foolish (愚蠢) people make mistakes B．Few people make mistakes C．People never make mistakes D．There is no one who doesn’t make mistakes 【答案】53．B 54．C 55．D 56．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章以学习英语为例，说明了想要学好一门语言的最好方法就是使用它。 53．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“The best way of learning a language is using it.(学习一门语言的最好方法就是使用它)”可知，学习一门语言的最好方法就是使用它，故选B。 54．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The best way of learning English is talking in English as much as possible.(学习英语最好的方法就是尽可能多地用英语交谈)”可知，学习英语最好的方法就是尽可能多地用英语交谈，故选C。 55．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But if you sense of humor (幽默感), you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes.(但如果你有幽默感，你总是可以对错误开怀大笑)”可知，犯错误时应该保持幽默感，故选D。 56．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The most important thing for learning English is: ‘Don’t be afraid of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes.’(学习英语最重要的是：‘不要害怕犯错误，因为每个人都会犯错误。’)”可知，没有人不犯错，故选D。 Some words are used to describe how a person spends his or her time. For example, someone who likes to spend too much time sitting or lying down while watching television is sometimes called a couch potato. A couch is a piece of furniture that people sit on. Robert Armstrong, an artist from California, developed the term (词语；术语) in 1976. Years later, he listed it as a trademark (商标) with the American government. He also helped write a funny book about life as a full-time television watcher. It is called “The Official Couch Potato Handbook”. Couch potatoes enjoy watching television just as mouse potatoes enjoy working on computers. A computer mouse is the thing that we use to move the pointer on a computer screen. The term became popular in 1993. American writer Alice Kahn invented the term to describe young people who spend a lot of time using computers. Too much time inside the house can cause someone to get cabin fever which isn’t really a disease. However, people can become bored if they spend too much time inside their homes. This especially happens during the winter when it is too cold or snowy to do things outside and even offices and stores are closed. Often children get cabin fever if they cannot go outside to play. So do their parents. Some people enjoy spending a lot of time in their homes to make them nice places to live in. This is called nesting or cocooning. Birds build nests to hold their eggs and baby birds. Some insects (昆虫) build cocoons around themselves for protection. Nests and cocoons provide safety for wildlife. So people like the idea of nests and cocoons, too. The terms became popular over 20 years ago. They describe people buying their first homes and filling them with many things. These people then have children. When these children are grown and have left the nest, these parents will live alone in their empty nest and become empty nesters. 57．The terms introduced in the passage are mainly connected with ____ . A．habits B．hobbies C．life D．time 58．According to the passage, which of the following is closest in meaning with the word “couch”? A．bed B．box C．sofa D．desk 59．A special book was once written on the term ______. A．couch potato B．mouse potato C．cabin fever D．empty nesters 60．When we hear someone say “The boy has got cabin fever”, we know that the boy is feeling_____. A．happy B．sick C．cold D．bored 61．According to the passage, What’s the meaning of empty nesters in Chinese? A．空鸟笼 B．空巢老人 C．空鸟巢 D．忙碌的筑巢者 【答案】57．D 58．C 59．A 60．D 61．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了与人们如何度过时间相关的几个术语，并对这些术语的定义、起源、流行情况以及相关的社会现象进行了说明和解释。 57．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Some words are used to describe how a person spends his or her time.(有些词语是用来描述一个人如何度过时间的。)”以及下文围绕这一主题展开，分别介绍了“couch potato (电视迷)”、“mouse potato(电脑迷)”、“cabin fever(幽居病)”以及“nesting/cocooning(筑巢/茧居)”等与人们如何度过时间相关的术语。因此，文章介绍的术语主要与“时间”有关。故选D。 58．词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“A couch is a piece of furniture that people sit on.(“couch”是一种人们用来坐的家具。)”可知，“couch”是一种人们可以坐在上面的家具。选项C“sofa”意为“沙发”也是一种供人坐的家具。故选C。 59．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“He also helped write a funny book about life as a full-time television watcher. It is called “The Official Couch Potato Handbook.”(他还参与撰写了一本有趣的书，讲述了作为全职电视迷的生活。这本书名为《官方沙发土豆手册》。)”可知，，有一本名为《官方沙发土豆手册》的书是关于“couch potato” 这一术语的，是写全职电视迷的生活。故选A。 60．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Too much time inside the house can cause someone to get cabin fever which isn’t really a disease. However, people can become bored if they spend too much time inside their homes. This especially happens during the winter when it is too cold or snowy to do things outside and even offices and stores are closed. Often children get cabin fever if they cannot go outside to play. So do their parents. (长时间待在室内可能会让人患上“幽居病”，不过这实际上并不是一种真正的疾病。然而，如果人们在室内待的时间过长，就会感到厌烦。这种情况尤其容易发生在冬天，因为天气太冷或者下雪，无法在室外活动，甚至连办公室和商店都关门了。如果孩子们不能到外面去玩，他们常常会患上“幽居病”。他们的父母也是如此。)”可知，“cabin fever”指的是因为长时间待在室内而感到厌烦、烦躁的状态。当我们听到有人说“The boy has got cabin fever”时，意思就是这个男孩因为长时间待在室内等原因而感到无聊、厌烦。故选D。 61．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“They describe people buying their first homes and filling them with many things. These people then have children. When these children are grown and have left the nest, these parents will live alone in their empty nest and become empty nesters.(它们用来形容那些购买了自己的第一套房子，然后往家里添置很多东西的人。这些人随后有了孩子。当这些孩子长大成人离开家后，这些父母就会独自生活在空荡荡的家里，成为“empty nesters”。)”可知，“empty nesters”指的是孩子离开家后独自生活的父母，对应的中文意思就是“空巢老人”。故选B。 This week, a new tool to record an endangered Greek dialect brought focus back to one of the great disappearances of the modern world: nine languages are believed to be dying every year. Romeyka, which is spoken by an ageing population of a few thousand people in the mountain villages near Turkey’s Black Sea coast, separated from modern Greek thousands of years ago. It has no written form. For language experts, it is a “living bridge” to the ancient Greek world, the loss of which would clearly be a blow. But some languages are in even bigger trouble. 350 languages have fewer than 50 native speakers and 46 have just one. Australian and British organizations work together to paint the situation in different colours. They also designed a language map to show how quickly languages have been disappearing from the year 1700 until now. Its authors predict that between 50% and 90% of the world’s 7,000 languages will be lost by 2150. Even now, half of the people on the planet speak just 24 of them. The history of languages has always been linked to colonialism (殖民主义) and political persecution (迫害), which spread populations as well as controlling them. The Endangered Languages Alliance (ELA) has tracked down and mapped hundreds of dying languages in New York, which is an unexpected discovery. These dialects are supposed to be found in faraway countryside areas. Among ELA’s more shocking discoveries is that, of 700 surviving speakers of Seke, which came from a group of mountain villages in Nepal, more than 150 can be found in two flat buildings in Brooklyn, New York. Actually those disappearing dialects hide secret messages about ancient ways of living in nature. Both a will and a way are needed if they are to survive. By simply honouring their existence, language experts play an important role. Ken Hale, an activist who is strongly for protecting endangered languages famously said that losing any language was “like starting a war to the Louvre Museum”. 62．What does the underlined word “Romeyka” refer to? A．A lost ancient Greek language. B．A language with a few written words. C．A popular dialect loved by the young generation. D．A disappearing language related to ancient Greek. 63．Why are the numbers used in Paragraph 2? A．To show how important dialects are. B．To sum up the different kinds of dialects. C．To talk about ways to protect dialects. D．To explain that dialects are disappearing quickly. 64．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．Seke is a place in the mountains of Nepal. B．People think there are fewer dialects in big cities. C．Nepal and New York were twin cities many years ago. D．ELA is not surprised to find a Nepal dialect in Brooklyn. 65．What do Ken Hale’s words mean? A．The disappearance of a dialect is a great loss. B．Starting a war to the Louvre Museum is a disaster to any language. C．Ancient ways of living are kept secret in the Louvre Museum. D．Languages are to survive simply by honoring them. 【答案】62．D 63．D 64．B 65．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界上语言消失的现状，保护濒危语言的重要性，以及语言专家在此过程中的作用。 【详解】62．词句猜测题。根据划线词后的非限制性定语从句的解释“which is spoken by an ageing population of a few thousand people in the mountain villages near Turkey’s Black Sea coast(它是被土耳其黑海海岸附近山村里的几千名老年人口使用的语言)”及下文“separated from modern Greek thousands of years ago.(几千年前与现代希腊语分离)”可知，这是一种从希腊语中分离出来的一种语言，只有几千名老年人在讲，是快要消失的一种古老语言。故选D项。 63．推理判断题。根据第二段“But some languages are in even bigger trouble. 350 languages have fewer than 50 native speakers and 46 have just one. …Its authors predict that between 50% and 90% of the world’s 7,000 languages will be lost by 2150. Even now, half of the people on the planet speak just 24 of them.(但有些语言的麻烦更大。350种语言的母语使用者少于50人，46种语言的母语使用者只有一人。……该报告的作者预测，到2150年，世界上7000种语言中的50%到90%将会消失。即使是现在，地球上一半的人只会说其中的24种语言。)”可知，作者列举这些数字的目的是直观地说明很多语种很快就会消失。故选D项。 64．推理判断题。根据第三段“These dialects are supposed to be found in faraway countryside areas. Among ELA’s more shocking discoveries is that, of 700 surviving speakers of Seke, which came from a group of mountain villages in Nepal, more than 150 can be found in two flat buildings in Brooklyn, New York.(这些方言应该在偏远的乡村地区找到。在ELA更令人震惊的发现中，来自尼泊尔山区村庄的一群700名幸存的Seke语使用者中，有150多名可以在纽约布鲁克林的两栋平房里找到。)”可推知，人们通常认为方言应该在偏远的乡村地区找到，大城市里方言较少。故选B。 65．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ken Hale, an activist who is strongly for protecting endangered languages famously said that losing any language was ‘like starting a war to the Louvre Museum’.(积极保护濒危语言的活动家Ken Hale曾有名言说，失去任何一种语言都‘如同对卢浮宫发动战争’。)”可知，此处将语言的消失比作对卢浮宫发动战争，卢浮宫是世界四大博物馆之一，藏有大量珍贵文物，由此可推知，Ken Hale想表达的是一种方言的消失是一种巨大的损失。故选A项。 Everyone has a family name. In China, the family name comes before the given name, but in English countries, the family name comes last. Do you know how English people get their family names？And what do they mean (意思)？English people usually get their names in these ways (方式). Some family names come from the places (地点) of their homes. For a man lives on or near a hill, his family name may be Hill. In the UK, people’s family name may be Wood or Lake, because they live near the wood or the lake. Some family names come from their jobs (职业). If a man is a cook, his family names may be Cook. And many people get their family names from their fathers’ family names. If you see the name Jackson, you can know he is the son of Jack. 66．How many ways can English people get their family names？ A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 67．A man lives near a lake, so his family name may be ________. A．Hill B．Wood C．Lake D．Cook 68．Jack’s family name is Cook. His family name may come from the ________. A．place B．job C．school D．father 69．The underlined word “he” refers to (指的是)________. A．Cook B．Hill C．Jackson D．Lake 【答案】66．B 67．C 68．B 69．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国人姓氏的由来和含义，包括来自居住地、职业和父姓等方式。 66．细节理解题。根据第二段“Some family names come from the places (地点) of their homes.(有些姓氏来自他们的家乡)”，“Some family names come from their jobs (职业).(有些姓氏来自于他们的职业)”以及“And many people get their family names from their fathers’ family names.(许多人的姓氏来自他们父亲的姓氏)”可知，英国人有三种取姓氏的方法。故选B项。 67．细节理解题。根据第二段“In the UK, people’s family name may be Wood or Lake, because they live near the wood or the lake.(在英国，人们的姓可能是Wood或Lake，因为他们住在树林或湖泊附近)”可知，一个人住在湖边，所以他的姓可能是Lake。故选C项。 68．细节理解题。根据第二段“Some family names come from their jobs (职业). If a man is a cook, his family names may be Cook.(有些姓氏来自于他们的职业。如果一个人是厨师，他的姓可能是Cook)”可知，杰克的姓可能来自职业。故选B项。 69．词句猜测题。根据前文“If you see the name Jackson(如果你看到杰克逊这个名字)”可知，he为代词，代指前文提到的人，此处应是指Jackson。故选C项。 People from Great Britain brought the English language to North America in the 16th and 17th centuries. And in the following 300 years, there were so many 70 in both places that now people can easily 71 an English person from an American in the 72 he or she talks. Many old words 73 in England but were kept in America. For example, 300 years ago people in Great Britain got their water from something they 74 either a “faucet”, “spigot”, or a “tap”. All these words are 75 heard in different parts of America, but only “tap” is still 76 in England. Americans often make 77 new words or change old ones. “Corn” is one kind of plant in America and another in England. Also, over the last three centuries the English language has 78 thousands of new words for things that weren’t known before. And often, American and English people used two different names for them. A tin can is called “tin” for short in English, but a “can” in America. The word “radio” is used all over the world, including America. But many English people call it a “wireless”. And almost anything 79 something to do with cars; railroads, etc. has different 80 in British and American English. But now American and British English may be 81 closer together. One thing is that 82 people can hear a large amount of American speech daily in 83 , on television, or from travelers. Because of this, Americans 84 to be influencing the British more and more. So some day, English may even be the same on both sides of the Atlantic. 70．A．citizens B．inventions C．changes D．advances 71．A．pick B．tell C．take D．judge 72．A．voice B．place C．language D．way 73．A．disappeared B．stayed C．returned D．formed 74．A．said B．talked C．spoke D．called 75．A．then B．hardly C．clearly D．still 76．A．necessary B．native C．common D．lively 77．A．of B．into C．up D．out 78．A．discovered B．added C．improved D．learned 79．A．having B．bringing C．getting D．making 80．A．types B．names C．degrees D．parts 81．A．putting B．staying C．living D．growing 82．A．British B．American C．educated D．ordinary 83．A．families B．buses C．movies D．newspapers 84．A．need B．expect C．seem D．happen 【答案】70．C 71．B 72．D 73．A 74．D 75．D 76．C 77．C 78．B 79．A 80．B 81．D 82．A 83．C 84．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了英国英语和美国英语之间的差异及其发展变化。 70．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的300年里，这两个地方发生了很多变化，以至于现在人们很容易从一个人说话的方式中分辨出他是英国人还是美国人。A. citizens公民；B. inventions发明；C. changes变化；D. advances进步。根据后文“an English person from an American in the ___3___ he or she talks”可推断，英国英语和美国英语之间存在很多不同，这是因为两地发生了很多变化。故选C项。 71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的300年里，这两个地方发生了很多变化，以至于现在人们很容易从一个人说话的方式中分辨出他是英国人还是美国人。A. pick捡起；B. tell分辨出；C. take带走；D. judge判断。根据后文“an English person from an American”可推断，英国人和美国人的英语存在区别，所以人们可以很容易地分辨出。故选B项。 72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的300年里，这两个地方发生了很多变化，以至于现在人们很容易从一个人说话的方式中分辨出他是英国人还是美国人。A. voice嗓音；B. place地方；C. language语言；D. way方式。根据前文“there were so many ___1___ in both places”可推断，英国英语和美国英语在发音、用词等方面存在不同，所以人们可以从说话的方式中分辨出。故选D项。 73．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多在英国已经消失的古老单词在美国仍然被保留着。A. disappeared消失；B. stayed停留；C. returned返回；D. formed形成。根据后文“but were kept in America”可推断，这些单词在英国消失了，但是在美国被保留了下来。故选A项。 74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，300年前，英国人从他们称之为“水龙头”、“塞子”或“龙头”的东西里取水。A. said说；B. talked谈论；C. spoke讲（某种语言）；D. called称呼，把……叫做。根据后文“either a ‘faucet’, ‘spigot’, or a ‘tap’”可推断，这些都是对水龙头的称呼。故选D项。 75．考查副词词义辨析。句意：所有这些词在美国的不同地区仍然可以听到，但在英国只有“tap”仍很常用。A. then然后；B. hardly几乎不；C. clearly清晰地；D. still仍然。根据后文“but only ‘tap’ is still ___7___ in England”中的still可推断，此处是在说这些单词在美国仍然可以被听到。故选D项。 76．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有这些词在美国的不同地区仍然可以听到，但在英国只有“tap”仍很常用。A. necessary必要的；B. native本土的；C. common常见的；D. lively活泼的。根据前文“All these words are ___6___ heard in different parts of America”可推断，这些单词在美国很常见，但是在英国只有tap仍很常见。故选C项。 77．考查介词短语辨析。句意：美国人经常创造新的单词或者改变旧的单词。A. of……的；B. into进入；C. up向上，创造；D. out出去。根据后文“new words or change old ones”可推断，美国人经常创造新单词或者改变旧单词。make up意为“编造，创造”。故选C项。 78．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另外，在过去的三个世纪里，英语增加了成千上万的新单词，用来描述以前不知道的东西。A. discovered发现；B. added增加；C. improved提高；D. learned学习。根据后文“thousands of new words for things that weren’t known before”可推断，英语增加了成千上万的新单词。故选B项。 79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：而且，几乎任何与汽车、铁路等有关的东西，在英式英语和美式英语中都有不同的名称。A. having有；B. bringing带来；C. getting得到；D. making制造。根据后文“something to do with cars; railroads, etc.”可推断，此处是在说与汽车、铁路等有关的东西。have something to do with…意为“与……有关”。故选A项。 80．考查名词词义辨析。句意：而且，几乎任何与汽车、铁路等有关的东西，在英式英语和美式英语中都有不同的名称。A. types类型；B. names名字；C. degrees程度；D. parts部分。根据前文“American and English people used two different names for them”可推断，英式英语和美式英语对于同一事物的称呼是不同的。故选B项。 81．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但现在，美式英语和英式英语可能越来越接近了。A. putting放；B. staying停留；C. living生活；D. growing变得，增长。根据后文“closer together”可推断，此处是在说美式英语和英式英语正在变得越来越接近。故选D项。 82．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一件事是，英国人每天可以从电影、电视或旅行者那里听到大量的美国人的讲话。A. British英国的；B. American美国的；C. educated受过教育的；D. ordinary普通的。根据后文“people can hear a large amount of American speech daily”可推断，此处是指英国人每天可以听到美国人的讲话。故选A项。 83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一件事是，英国人每天可以从电影、电视或旅行者那里听到大量的美国人的讲话。A. families家庭；B. buses公交车；C. movies电影；D. newspapers报纸。根据上文“people can hear a large amount of American speech daily”及常识可知，电影、电视和旅行者都是人们可以听到讲话的途径。故选C项。 84．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正因为如此，美国人似乎对英国人的影响越来越大。A. need需要；B. expect期待；C. seem似乎；D. happen发生。根据前文“Because of this”及后文“to be influencing the British more and more”可推断，此处是在说美国人似乎对英国人的影响越来越大。故选C项。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业08 Unit2 Exploring English词汇与阅读 1、 核心基础信息 必修第一册Unit2 Exploring English核心基础信息 模块 核心内容 初升高衔接重点 学习目标 教材对应板块 难度等级 单元主题 Exploring English（探索英语），围绕英语语言的起源与发展、全球英语变体、英语学习方法、跨文化语言交流展开 从初中基础英语知识积累，到高中英语语言探究、词汇构词法拓展、长难句分析、跨文化语言对比的能力过渡 掌握单元核心词汇、句型、语法，能完成英语学习相关主题的写作与交流 Starting out, Understanding ideas ★★★☆☆ 核心词汇 高频核心词60个，拓展词80个，覆盖语言发展、文化交流、英语学习、能力提升四大场景 构词法拓展词汇，前缀/后缀记忆法，解决高中词汇量激增的难点 能熟练拼写、运用核心词汇，掌握前后缀构词规则，拓展同根词 Vocabulary, Using language ★★★★☆ 核心句型 定语从句进阶、非谓语动词、主语从句、让步状语从句、动名词作主语等高中核心句型 从初中简单句到高中复合句的过渡，长难句句子成分划分方法 能识别并分析长难句结构，能运用核心句型进行写作与口语表达 Understanding ideas, Using language ★★★★☆ 核心语法 定语从句进阶、非谓语动词综合用法、时态综合运用、构词法拓展、状语从句进阶 初三语法的巩固与高一进阶语法的衔接，解决高中长难句分析的核心痛点 能熟练运用核心语法规则，能在写作与阅读中正确应用语法知识 Using language, Grammar ★★★★★ 课文理解 2篇主课文：The English Language、English in the World，覆盖英语起源、发展、全球变体、语言学习等核心内容 从初中记叙文阅读到高中说明文、议论文阅读的过渡，提升语篇分析与主旨概括能力 能读懂课文内容，准确概括段落与全文主旨，能分析课文中的长难句与核心知识点 Understanding ideas, Developing ideas ★★★★☆ 2、 核心词汇 必修第一册Unit2 Exploring English核心词汇总表 序号 单词 标准音标 词性 中文释义 核心考点提示 1 title /ˈtaɪtl/ n. 题目，标题 核心搭配：the title of the book 本书标题；可作动词表 “给…… 加标题” 2 pine /paɪn/ n. 松树 核心搭配：pine tree 松树；合成词 pineapple 菠萝 3 pineapple /ˈpaɪnæpl/ n. 菠萝 合成词（pine+apple）；核心考点：合成法构词 4 ham /hæm/ n. 火腿 核心搭配：ham sandwich 火腿三明治；合成词 hamburger 汉堡包 5 eggplant /ˈegplɑːnt/ n. 茄子 * 阅读拓展词；合成词（egg+plant）；核心考点：合成法构词 6 sculpt /skʌlpt/ v. 雕刻，雕塑 □ 课标拓展词；核心搭配：sculpt a statue 雕刻雕像；派生词 sculpture 7 sculpture /ˈskʌlptʃə/ n. 雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品 □ 课标拓展词；核心搭配：a sculpture of a lion 狮子雕像 8 seasick /ˈsiːsɪk/ adj. 晕船的 * 阅读拓展词；核心搭配：be seasick 晕船；同类词 airsick/carsick/homesick 9 airsick /ˈeəsɪk/ adj. 晕机的 * 阅读拓展词；核心搭配：be airsick 晕机 10 carsick /ˈkɑːsɪk/ adj. 晕车的 * 阅读拓展词；核心搭配：be carsick 晕车 11 homesick /ˈhəʊmsɪk/ adj. 想家的 * 阅读拓展词；核心搭配：be homesick 想家；homesickness n. 乡愁 12 opposing /əˈpəʊzɪŋ/ adj. （观点、意见等）相反的，相对立的 □ 课标拓展词；核心搭配：opposing views 对立的观点；v.oppose 反对 13 behavior /bɪˈheɪvjə/ n. 举止，行为 核心搭配：good behavior 良好的行为；v.behave 表现 14 confusing /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/ adj. 令人困惑的 □ 课标拓展词；核心搭配：a confusing question 令人困惑的问题；v.confuse 使困惑 15 capitalized /ˈkæpɪtəlaɪzd/ adj. 大写的 * 阅读拓展词；核心搭配：capitalized letters 大写字母；v.capitalize 大写 16 unique /juːˈniːk/ adj. 独一无二的，独特的 核心搭配：a unique experience 独特的经历；uniqueness n. 独特性 17 burn up /bɜːn ʌp/ v. 短语 烧毁，烧尽 核心搭配：burn up the house 烧毁房子；区别：burn down 烧毁（建筑物） 18 burn down /bɜːn daʊn/ v. 短语 烧毁 核心搭配：burn down the building 烧毁建筑物；区别：burn up 烧尽（物品） 19 alarm /əˈlɑːm/ n. 警报器；闹钟 核心搭配：fire alarm 火警；alarm clock 闹钟；v.alarm 使警觉 20 reflect /rɪˈflekt/ v. 显示，反映 核心搭配：reflect the reality 反映现实；n.reflection 反射、反思 21 creativity /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/ n. 创造性，创造力 核心搭配：human creativity 人类创造力；adj.creative 有创造力的 22 visible /ˈvɪzəbl/ adj. 看得见的，可见的 □ 课标拓展词；核心搭配：visible stars 可见的星星；反义词 invisible 不可见的 23 wind up /wɪnd ʌp/ v. 短语 给（机械）上发条；使（活动、会议等）结束 核心搭配：wind up the clock 给钟上发条；wind up the meeting 结束会议 24 creative /kriːˈeɪtɪv/ adj. 创造（性）的 核心搭配：creative thinking 创造性思维；v.create 创造；n.creativity 创造力 25 type /taɪp/ n. 类型，种类 核心搭配：a type of 一种……；v.type 打字 26 come across /kʌm əˈkrɒs/ v. 短语 偶然发现 核心搭配：come across a new word 偶然遇到一个生词 27 unfamiliar /ˌʌnfəˈmɪliə/ adj. 不熟悉的，不了解的 核心搭配：be unfamiliar with 对…… 不熟悉；反义词 familiar 熟悉的 28 contact /ˈkɒntækt/ v. 联系，联络 核心搭配：contact sb. 联系某人；n.contact 联系、接触 29 organization /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 组织，团体，机构 核心搭配：a student organization 学生组织；v.organize 组织 30 likely /ˈlaɪkli/ adj. 可能的，可能发生的 核心搭配：be likely to do sth. 可能做某事；反义词 unlikely 不可能的 31 subway /ˈsʌbweɪ/ n. 地铁 核心搭配：take the subway 乘地铁；美式英语，对应英式 underground 32 highway /ˈhaɪweɪ/ n. 公路 核心搭配：on the highway 在公路上；区别：motorway 高速公路 33 motorway /ˈməʊtəweɪ/ n. 高速公路 * 阅读拓展词；英式英语，对应美式 expressway 34 gas /ɡæs/ n. 汽油 核心搭配：gas station 加油站；美式英语，对应英式 petrol 35 petrol /ˈpetrəl/ n. 汽油 核心搭配：petrol station 加油站；英式英语，对应美式 gas 36 apartment /əˈpɑːtmənt/ n. 一套住房，公寓套房 核心搭配：an apartment building 公寓楼；美式英语，对应英式 flat 37 flat /flæt/ n. 一套住房，公寓套房 核心搭配：a new flat 新公寓；英式英语，对应美式 apartment 38 elevator /ˈelɪveɪtə/ n. 电梯，升降机 * 阅读拓展词；美式英语，对应英式 lift 39 context /ˈkɒntekst/ n. 上下文，语境 核心搭配：in the context of 在…… 语境下；context clues 上下文线索 40 addition /əˈdɪʃn/ n. 增加物，添加物 核心搭配：in addition 此外；v.add 增加 41 forum /ˈfɔːrəm/ n. （因特网上的）论坛，讨论区 * 阅读拓展词；核心搭配：an online forum 在线论坛 42 resource /rɪˈzɔːs/ n. 资料，（教学）资源 核心搭配：learning resources 学习资源；natural resources 自然资源 43 misadventure /ˌmɪsədˈventʃə/ n. 事故，灾难 * 阅读拓展词；核心搭配：a travel misadventure 旅行事故；adventure n. 冒险 44 remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/ v. 提醒，使…… 想起 核心搭配：remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事；remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 45 rather /ˈrɑːðə/ adv. 相当，颇 核心搭配：rather difficult 相当难；would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事 46 comment /ˈkɒment/ n. 评论 核心搭配：make a comment 发表评论；v.comment 评论 47 frog /frɒɡ/ n. 蛙，青蛙 □ 课标拓展词；核心习语：have a frog in one’s throat 喉咙痛、说话困难 48 throat /θrəʊt/ n. 喉咙，咽喉 * 阅读拓展词；核心搭配：have a sore throat 喉咙痛 49 have a frog in one’s throat /hæv ə frɒɡ ɪn wʌnz θrəʊt/ 习语 （尤因喉咙痛）说话困难 核心习语，写作 / 口语高频表达 50 downtown /ˌdaʊnˈtaʊn/ adj. 在城镇中心区的，在闹市区的 核心搭配：downtown area 市中心区；adv. 在市中心 51 boot /buːt/ n. 靴子 核心搭配：a pair of boots 一双靴子 52 entrance /ˈentrəns/ n. 大门（口），入口（处） 核心搭配：the entrance to the park 公园入口；反义词 exit 出口 53 section /ˈsekʃn/ n. 区域 核心搭配：a section of the city 城市的一个区域 54 exit /ˈegzɪt/ n. 出口 核心搭配：the exit of the building 建筑出口；反义词 entrance 入口 55 actually /ˈæktʃuəli/ adv. 事实上，实际上 核心搭配：actually speaking 事实上；近义词 in fact 56 downstairs /ˌdaʊnˈsteəz/ adv. 在楼下 核心搭配：go downstairs 下楼；反义词 upstairs 在楼上 57 wicked /ˈwɪkɪd/ adj. 缺德的，邪恶的；很棒的，极好的 * 阅读拓展词；核心搭配：a wicked man 邪恶的人；a wicked idea 绝妙的主意 58 odd /ɒd/ adj. 奇特的，古怪的 核心搭配：an odd story 古怪的故事；近义词 strange 59 negative /ˈnegətɪv/ adj. 消极的，负面的 核心搭配：negative attitude 消极的态度；反义词 positive 积极的 60 positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ adj. 好的，积极的 核心搭配：positive attitude 积极的态度；反义词 negative 消极的 61 error /ˈerə/ n. 错误，谬误 核心搭配：make an error 犯错误；近义词 mistake 62 intend /ɪnˈtend/ v. 计划，打算 核心搭配：intend to do sth. 打算做某事；n.intention 意图 63 informal /ɪnˈfɔːml/ adj. （书写或言谈）非正式的 核心搭配：informal English 非正式英语；反义词 formal 正式的 64 recognise /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. 认识，辨认出 核心搭配：recognise sb. 认出某人；n.recognition 识别、认可 65 base /beɪs/ v. 以…… 为基础 核心搭配：base... on... 以…… 为基础；n.base 基础、基地 66 aware /əˈweə/ adj. 意识到的，明白的 核心搭配：be aware of 意识到、察觉到；n.awareness 意识 67 be aware of /bi əˈweə ɒv/ v. 短语 意识到，察觉到 核心固定搭配，高频考点 3、 核心短语与固定搭配 必修第一册Unit2核心短语与固定搭配 序号 短语/固定搭配 中文释义 课文适配例句 1 have trouble doing 做某事有困难 Students often have trouble understanding different English accents. 2 get... doing 使…… 开始做某事 I got the car running again after fixing it. 3 in one's free time 在某人的空闲时间 I like reading English novels in my free time. 4 speaking of 说到，谈及（用于引出新话题） Speaking of travel, have you booked our hotel yet? 5 wonder at 对…… 感到惊讶、好奇 You have to wonder at the unique madness of the English language. 6 burn up / down 烧毁，烧尽 A house can burn up as it burns down in a fire. 7 fill in / out a form 填写表格 To fill in a form means the same as to fill out a form. 8 human race 人类 English reflects the creativity of the human race. 9 wind up 给（机械）上发条；结束（活动、会议） I forget to wind up the clock, so it stopped working. 10 play safe 谨慎行事，不冒险 It's best to play safe by cooking the meat thoroughly. 11 have a frog in one's throat （尤因喉咙痛）说话困难 I have a frog in my throat today, so I can't give the speech. 12 spend time doing 花费时间做某事 I spend a lot of time learning English every day. 13 look forward to doing （兴奋地）期待、盼望做某事 I am looking forward to the new school term. 14 be aware of 意识到，察觉到 We should be aware of the differences between British and American English. 15 come across 偶然发现、遇到 I came across an interesting new word in the book. 16 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事、使某人想起某事 This song reminds me of my childhood. 17 base... on... 以…… 为基础 We should base our opinions on facts. 18 in addition 此外，另外 In addition, we need to prepare for the coming exam. 19 be likely to do sth. 可能做某事 It is likely to rain this afternoon. 20 be unfamiliar with 对…… 不熟悉 I am unfamiliar with this new type of phone. 4、 核心句型与长难句分析 必修第一册Unit2核心句型与长难句分析 序号 句型/长难句 句子类型 句子成分分析 仿写模板与例句 1 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? 主从复合句（宾语从句） 主句：Have you ever asked yourself；宾语从句：why people often have trouble learning English，作 asked 的宾语；从句中 people 是主语，have trouble 是谓语，learning English 是宾语 模板：Have you ever asked yourself + 宾语从句例句：Have you ever asked yourself why you want to learn English well? 2 I hadn’t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger. 主从复合句（时间状语从句 + 宾语从句） 主句：I hadn’t；时间状语从句：until one day my five-year-old son asked me...；宾语从句：whether there was ham in a hamburger，作 asked 的宾语 模板：主句 + until + 时间状语从句（含宾语从句）例句：I didn’t know it, until my friend told me what had happened. 3 While we’re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don’t get homesick when we get back home. 并列复合句（时间状语从句 + 转折并列句） 时间状语从句：While we’re doing all this traveling；主句 1：we can get seasick...；主句 2：but we don’t get homesick...；时间状语从句：when we get back home 模板：While + 时间从句，主句 1 + but + 主句 2 + when + 时间从句例句：While we’re traveling, we can visit many places, but we often miss our family when we are away. 4 You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off! 主从复合句（定语从句 + 时间状语从句） 主句：You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language；三个并列的 in which 引导的定语从句，修饰 language；每个定语从句中都含有时间状语从句 模板：主句 + 先行词 + in which + 定语从句 1, in which + 定语从句 2, and in which + 定语从句 3例句：I love the beauty of a country in which the mountains are high, in which the rivers are clear, and in which the people are friendly. 5 English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. 并列句 两个并列的主句，由 and 连接；主句 1：English was invented by people, not computers；主句 2：it reflects the creativity of the human race 模板：主句 1 + and + 主句 2例句：English is learned by people all over the world, and it becomes more and more important. 6 That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. 主从复合句（表语从句 + 时间状语从句 + 转折并列句） 主句：That is；表语从句：why...；表语从句中包含两个并列的时间状语从句，由 but 连接 模板：That is why + 时间从句 1 + 主句 1 + but + 时间从句 2 + 主句 2例句：That is why when the sun rises, the world is bright, but when the sun sets, the world is dark. 7 When I was looking for the exit, I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor, not the first floor. 主从复合句（时间状语从句 + 宾语从句） 时间状语从句：When I was looking for the exit；主句：I saw；宾语从句：that shoes were actually sold downstairs...，作 saw 的宾语 模板：When + 时间从句，主句 + that + 宾语从句例句：When I was walking in the street, I saw that an old man was lying on the ground. 8 When I got the paper back, I found my teacher had written the comment “Not bad!” 主从复合句（时间状语从句 + 宾语从句） 时间状语从句：When I got the paper back；主句：I found；宾语从句：my teacher had written the comment “Not bad!”，作 found 的宾语，省略了引导词 that 模板：When + 时间从句，主句 + 宾语从句（省略 that）例句：When I opened the box, I found there was a beautiful gift inside. 考点一 完成句子 1．I have a friend who has the ________________ (截然不同的观点) and felt that the war was moral. (opposing短语) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 2．She felt ________________ her country. (思念自己的祖国) (homesick短语) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 3．The research team ___________ the satellite after the storm yesterday. (失去联系) (用contact的相关短语或适当形式完成句子) 4．This old map can prove ________________ (对我们有用) during our mountain hike. (useful短语) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 5．Excessive screen time in early childhood has ________ cognitive development. (用negative的相关短语完成句子) 6．She handed me the document________.(没有任何解释) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 考点二 单词拼写 7．You are likely to _________(遇见）books you love to read. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 8．You can spend three days________（探索雨林）with in a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals________（雨林独有的）。（explore; unique）（根据中英文提示完成句子） 9．________ (这里有) some of our favourites, to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world! (根据汉语提示完成句子) 10．It’s wise of the students to ________ (浏览) all the questions carefully before they start writing the test paper. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 11．If you keep wasting time, you’ll ________ (最终处于) with nothing. (根据汉语意思填空) 12．________ (说到) your plan, I have something important to tell you. (根据汉语意思填空) 13．This remote region is home to many animals ________ ________ ________ ________ (雨林独有的). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 考点三 短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次。 down     base       concerned    stick    win 14．We should to our dream no matter how difficult it is. 15．The of the speech competition has been decided by the five teachers. 16．Tim has been feeling because of his low test scores. 17．Lucy hasn’t been back home and the family are all about her safety. 18．The film that is on a true story is popular with young people. 选词填空 place  ride  however  with  after  deal  bravely  better  feel  remind  different Located in one of Beijing’s most active art communities, the Loneliness (孤独) Museum is always very crowded. 19 , everyone who visits the museum says that they are lonely. Divided into 13 parts including an office at night, the last subway and a hospital, the museum displays (展出) over 1000 lonely stories from 20 people. There are many notes with words of encouragement and ways 21 with solitude (孤独) on the walls and the stairs. They may feel 22 after seeing them. One of the museum’s owners Fang Fang says that people who come to work in big cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou may 23 lonely every now and then. So she wants to provide a 24 for them to relax. It 25 them that even though life is hard, there are lots of people like them. They are not alone. 26 the development of technology, it is easier for people to get in touch with old friends and make new friends. However, young people are likely to feel lonely. People may get used to loneliness as they get older 27 they experience important life events and life changes. Luckily, our society is more tolerant (宽容的) towards this kind of young group, often encouraging them to face this crazy changing world 28 . In a room of the museum, with three bicycles, strangers can 29 together to light up the lights on the wall, which forms a sentence- “Loneliness comes together with love”. 选词填空 A．contact    B．responsibility    C． content   D．credit 30．He is a man of great in our school. 31．Keep eye in conversation and build trust. 32．It’s our to protect the environment. 33．The of your essay is excellent, but it’s not very well expressed. 从方框内的选项中选出可以填入下列空格的最佳选项。 A．flats    B．local    C． pollution    D．rubbish    E. services    F. noise    G. bridges Many towns and cities have the same problems as Arnwick. People need places to live, so the 34 government has to build more 35 . People need better bus and train 36 . They also produce more 37 , so the government has to make more efforts to protect the city against 38 . As we say, a hundred people make a thousand problems! 选词填空：选择正确的词、短语并用其适当形式填空 confident  dependent  argue  concern  shoot up attract  propose  alarm  stick to  be equal to 39．The rainforests are disappearing at an rate. 40．She her word once she promised to help. 41．I’m sure that she has great in her success. 42．The mother is about everything concerning her daughter. 43．His was refused by his boss, which made him a little sad. 44．Of course you can also visit other tourist by yourself. 45．I can’t believe this is Joshua—he has since we met last time! 46．Although he is very young, he running the company. 47．Now that you are a college student, you should learn to be of your parents.. 48．They argued with each other about the problem for a long time, and after some heated , a final decision was made. 考点一 阅读理解 Some people learn a second language easily. Other people have trouble learning a new language. How can you help yourself learn a new language, such as English? There are several ways to make learning English a little easier and more interesting. The first step is to feel confident about learning English. If you believe that you can learn, you will learn. Be patient. You do not have to understand everything all at once. It is natural to make mistakes when you learn something new. We can learn from our mistakes. The second step is to practice your English. For example, write a journal every day. You will get used to writing in English, and you will feel comfortable expressing your ideas in English. After several weeks, you will see that your writing is improving. Besides, you must speak English every day. You can practice with your classmates outside class. You will all make mistakes, but gradually you will become comfortable communicating in English. The third step is to keep a record of your language learning. You can write this in your diary. After each class, think about what you did. Did you answer a question correctly? Did you understand something the teacher explained? Perhaps the lesson was difficult, but you tried to understand it. Write these achievements in your journal. You must be positive about learning English and believe that you can do it. It is important to practice every day and make a record of your achievements. You will enjoy learning English, and you will have more confidence in yourself. 49．What is important to English learning? A．To buy a dictionary. B．To read English novels every day. C．To make a record of your mistakes. D．To practice English every day and make a record of your achievements. 50．Which of the following is unnecessary for us to learn English? A．Being patient. B．Being confident. C．Avoiding making mistakes. D．Expressing your ideas in English. 51．How many ways to learn English does the text give? A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5. 52．What is the author’s purpose of writing the article? A．To encourage students to learn English. B．To give students suggestions to learn English. C．To introduce the importance of learning English. D．To comfort students who are not good at English. The best way of learning a language is using it. The best way of learning English is talking in English as much as possible. Sometimes you’ll get your words mixed up (混合) and people won’t understand you. Sometimes people will say things too quickly and you couldn’t understand them. But if you sense of humor (幽默感), you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes. It’s better for people to laugh at your mistakes than to be angry with you, because they don’t understand what you are saying. The most important thing for learning English is: “Don’t be afraid of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes.” 53．The writer thinks that the best way for you to learn a language is _____. A．writing it B．using it C．listening D．learning grammar 54．What should you do in learning English? A．Be careful not to make any mistakes B．Write as quickly as you can C．Speak English as much as you can D．Laugh more often 55．When you make a mistake, you should ______ A．keep quiet B．get angry C．be kind D．keep your sense of humor 56．The story tells us: “______”. A．Only foolish (愚蠢) people make mistakes B．Few people make mistakes C．People never make mistakes D．There is no one who doesn’t make mistakes Some words are used to describe how a person spends his or her time. For example, someone who likes to spend too much time sitting or lying down while watching television is sometimes called a couch potato. A couch is a piece of furniture that people sit on. Robert Armstrong, an artist from California, developed the term (词语；术语) in 1976. Years later, he listed it as a trademark (商标) with the American government. He also helped write a funny book about life as a full-time television watcher. It is called “The Official Couch Potato Handbook”. Couch potatoes enjoy watching television just as mouse potatoes enjoy working on computers. A computer mouse is the thing that we use to move the pointer on a computer screen. The term became popular in 1993. American writer Alice Kahn invented the term to describe young people who spend a lot of time using computers. Too much time inside the house can cause someone to get cabin fever which isn’t really a disease. However, people can become bored if they spend too much time inside their homes. This especially happens during the winter when it is too cold or snowy to do things outside and even offices and stores are closed. Often children get cabin fever if they cannot go outside to play. So do their parents. Some people enjoy spending a lot of time in their homes to make them nice places to live in. This is called nesting or cocooning. Birds build nests to hold their eggs and baby birds. Some insects (昆虫) build cocoons around themselves for protection. Nests and cocoons provide safety for wildlife. So people like the idea of nests and cocoons, too. The terms became popular over 20 years ago. They describe people buying their first homes and filling them with many things. These people then have children. When these children are grown and have left the nest, these parents will live alone in their empty nest and become empty nesters. 57．The terms introduced in the passage are mainly connected with ____ . A．habits B．hobbies C．life D．time 58．According to the passage, which of the following is closest in meaning with the word “couch”? A．bed B．box C．sofa D．desk 59．A special book was once written on the term ______. A．couch potato B．mouse potato C．cabin fever D．empty nesters 60．When we hear someone say “The boy has got cabin fever”, we know that the boy is feeling_____. A．happy B．sick C．cold D．bored 61．According to the passage, What’s the meaning of empty nesters in Chinese? A．空鸟笼 B．空巢老人 C．空鸟巢 D．忙碌的筑巢者 This week, a new tool to record an endangered Greek dialect brought focus back to one of the great disappearances of the modern world: nine languages are believed to be dying every year. Romeyka, which is spoken by an ageing population of a few thousand people in the mountain villages near Turkey’s Black Sea coast, separated from modern Greek thousands of years ago. It has no written form. For language experts, it is a “living bridge” to the ancient Greek world, the loss of which would clearly be a blow. But some languages are in even bigger trouble. 350 languages have fewer than 50 native speakers and 46 have just one. Australian and British organizations work together to paint the situation in different colours. They also designed a language map to show how quickly languages have been disappearing from the year 1700 until now. Its authors predict that between 50% and 90% of the world’s 7,000 languages will be lost by 2150. Even now, half of the people on the planet speak just 24 of them. The history of languages has always been linked to colonialism (殖民主义) and political persecution (迫害), which spread populations as well as controlling them. The Endangered Languages Alliance (ELA) has tracked down and mapped hundreds of dying languages in New York, which is an unexpected discovery. These dialects are supposed to be found in faraway countryside areas. Among ELA’s more shocking discoveries is that, of 700 surviving speakers of Seke, which came from a group of mountain villages in Nepal, more than 150 can be found in two flat buildings in Brooklyn, New York. Actually those disappearing dialects hide secret messages about ancient ways of living in nature. Both a will and a way are needed if they are to survive. By simply honouring their existence, language experts play an important role. Ken Hale, an activist who is strongly for protecting endangered languages famously said that losing any language was “like starting a war to the Louvre Museum”. 62．What does the underlined word “Romeyka” refer to? A．A lost ancient Greek language. B．A language with a few written words. C．A popular dialect loved by the young generation. D．A disappearing language related to ancient Greek. 63．Why are the numbers used in Paragraph 2? A．To show how important dialects are. B．To sum up the different kinds of dialects. C．To talk about ways to protect dialects. D．To explain that dialects are disappearing quickly. 64．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．Seke is a place in the mountains of Nepal. B．People think there are fewer dialects in big cities. C．Nepal and New York were twin cities many years ago. D．ELA is not surprised to find a Nepal dialect in Brooklyn. 65．What do Ken Hale’s words mean? A．The disappearance of a dialect is a great loss. B．Starting a war to the Louvre Museum is a disaster to any language. C．Ancient ways of living are kept secret in the Louvre Museum. D．Languages are to survive simply by honoring them. Everyone has a family name. In China, the family name comes before the given name, but in English countries, the family name comes last. Do you know how English people get their family names？And what do they mean (意思)？English people usually get their names in these ways (方式). Some family names come from the places (地点) of their homes. For a man lives on or near a hill, his family name may be Hill. In the UK, people’s family name may be Wood or Lake, because they live near the wood or the lake. Some family names come from their jobs (职业). If a man is a cook, his family names may be Cook. And many people get their family names from their fathers’ family names. If you see the name Jackson, you can know he is the son of Jack. 66．How many ways can English people get their family names？ A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 67．A man lives near a lake, so his family name may be ________. A．Hill B．Wood C．Lake D．Cook 68．Jack’s family name is Cook. His family name may come from the ________. A．place B．job C．school D．father 69．The underlined word “he” refers to (指的是)________. A．Cook B．Hill C．Jackson D．Lake People from Great Britain brought the English language to North America in the 16th and 17th centuries. And in the following 300 years, there were so many 70 in both places that now people can easily 71 an English person from an American in the 72 he or she talks. Many old words 73 in England but were kept in America. For example, 300 years ago people in Great Britain got their water from something they 74 either a “faucet”, “spigot”, or a “tap”. All these words are 75 heard in different parts of America, but only “tap” is still 76 in England. Americans often make 77 new words or change old ones. “Corn” is one kind of plant in America and another in England. Also, over the last three centuries the English language has 78 thousands of new words for things that weren’t known before. And often, American and English people used two different names for them. A tin can is called “tin” for short in English, but a “can” in America. The word “radio” is used all over the world, including America. But many English people call it a “wireless”. And almost anything 79 something to do with cars; railroads, etc. has different 80 in British and American English. But now American and British English may be 81 closer together. One thing is that 82 people can hear a large amount of American speech daily in 83 , on television, or from travelers. Because of this, Americans 84 to be influencing the British more and more. So some day, English may even be the same on both sides of the Atlantic. 70．A．citizens B．inventions C．changes D．advances 71．A．pick B．tell C．take D．judge 72．A．voice B．place C．language D．way 73．A．disappeared B．stayed C．returned D．formed 74．A．said B．talked C．spoke D．called 75．A．then B．hardly C．clearly D．still 76．A．necessary B．native C．common D．lively 77．A．of B．into C．up D．out 78．A．discovered B．added C．improved D．learned 79．A．having B．bringing C．getting D．making 80．A．types B．names C．degrees D．parts 81．A．putting B．staying C．living D．growing 82．A．British B．American C．educated D．ordinary 83．A．families B．buses C．movies D．newspapers 84．A．need B．expect C．seem D．happen 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $