Unit 4 Sharing 重要知识点背诵清单 -2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语Unit 4 Sharing知识清单系统梳理了单元核心内容，涵盖45个基础词汇、核心短语及高频考点词汇，搭建了从词汇基础认知到语境运用再到易混词辨析的阶梯式学习支架。 清单通过“词汇-搭配-运用”三级呈现知识体系，结合构词法解析（如uniform由uni-+form构成）、反义词关联（如rigid对应flexible）等设计，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。重点标注“shade与shadow”等易混词对比及“drag/draw/pull”用法辨析，配备语境运用例句（如“数百名粉丝挤进机场”的翻译实例），助力不同学生高效掌握，教师可据此优化教学，提升课堂实效。

Unit 4 Sharing 一、词汇梳理 1.parcel n.包裹= package vt.裹好；打包(parcelled/parceled -- parcelling/parceling) 【搭配】把...包起来/打包 parcel up 2. jam n.果酱；堵塞v.用力挤/塞；挤满；挤进 【搭配】交通堵塞a traffic jam 【运用】译:数百名粉丝挤进机场欢迎披头士乐队(the Beatles)。 Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet the Beatles. 3. mail n.邮件；信件；邮政v.邮寄；发电邮寄(BrE: post) 【搭配】电子邮件e-mail；邮政特快专递Express Mail Service (EMS) ；通过邮件by mail 4.secondary adj. 中学的；次要的 【搭配】中等教育secondary education；中学secondary school；小学primary/elementary school 第二的；次要的；次于... be secondary to sth. ；次要的be of secondary importance 【运用】Health is the most significant and everything else is of secondary importance. 5.clay n.黏土；陶土→ceramic陶瓷制品 6.dust n.沙土；灰尘v.擦灰→adj. dusty 布满灰尘的 【搭配】 沙尘暴the dust storms；枯燥无味的；渴死人的 as dry as dust；掸掉帽子上的灰dust a cap；打扫房间dust a room；让尘埃落定let the dust settle；让某人望尘莫及left sb in the dust 7.weed n.杂草；野草 v.除杂草 【搭配】清除，剔除，淘汰weed sb./sth. out 8.chorus n.合唱曲；合唱团v.合唱；齐声说 【搭配】齐声；异口同声a chorus of 【运用】(1)译：学生们齐声对我喊“早上好”。 I’m greeted with a chorus of “good morning” from the students. (2) “谢谢！”他们齐声说。“Thank you!” they said in chorus. 9.cotton n.棉布；棉花 10.rubber n.橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶 (AmE: eraser) 11.washroom n.洗手间；厕所 12.uniform n.校服；制服 adj.一致的；统一的 【构词】：uni-(one) + form (形状；形式) 【搭配】校服school uniforms 【运用】译The walls were a uniform gray.墙面统一刷成了灰色。 13.更不用说；且不说not to mention = let alone/ not to speak of/ to say nothing of/ much less 不要客气；不用谢Don't mention it；如上所述as is mentioned above 14.tablet n. (1)平板电脑(2)便笺本(3)药片 → table n. 桌子；工作台；表格→ pill: n. 药丸；药片→laptop n. 笔记本电脑 → notebook n. 笔记本；笔记本电脑→ desktop computer: 台式电脑 15.rigid adj.死板的；固执的→n.rigidity → 反义词：flexible 【搭配】硬塑料rigid plastic；固执的态度rigid attitudes 【运用】(1)译：She sat upright, her body rigid with fear. 她直挺挺地坐着，吓得浑身发僵。 (2)The policy was rigidly enforced in other parts of the country. 该政策在国家其他地方严格执行 (3)We need less rigidity, more creativity, more room for work-life balance. 我们需要更少的僵化，更多的创造力，更多的工作与生活平衡的空间。 16.bubble n.气泡；泡沫v.起泡；沸腾 【搭配】打破某人的幻想 burst sb’s bubble 17.tube n.管子；管状物→pipe管子；管道；烟斗 【搭配】 试管a test tube；地铁the tube 18.circus n.马戏团 19.forehead n.额；前额 20.chemist n.化学家；药剂师；药房→ n.化学chemistry → adj.化学的/ n.化学品chemical 【搭配】在药店at the chemist’s/ chemist 21.jaw n.颌；下巴 【搭配】某人惊掉了下巴 sb’s jaw dropped 22.wrinkle n.皱纹 v. (使脸上)起皱纹；皱起 【搭配】 皱起眉头wrinkle one’s forehead 23.hut n.简陋的小房子(或棚、舍) 24.housing n.住房；住宅→house n.房子 v.给某人提供住处；收藏，安置 【搭配】恶劣的住房条件poor housing conditions 【运用】译：The museum houses more than 2000 exhibits.这个博物馆收藏着2000多件展品。 25.platform n.平台；站台；舞台 【构词】plat(平的) + form(形式) 【搭配】社交平台social media platform；电子商务平台e-commerce platforms ； 为...提供平台provide a platform for... 26.fireplace n.壁炉 27.saucer n.茶碟；杯托→形近词：sauce酱；调味汁→sausage香肠；腊肠 28.kettle n. (烧水用的)壶; 水壶→ pan n.平底锅；烤盘→ jar n.罐；坛子→pot锅；瓶；罐；壶 29.ripe adj.成熟的；时机成熟的→v.(使)成熟ripen→反义词：raw →adj.(人)成熟的；发育完全的mature 30.grill n._ _烤架；烤肉餐馆 v.__烧烤；炙烤；盘问，追问_【搭配】 grill the guests_盘问嘉宾 31.doorway n._ 门口；出入口；门道 __ 【搭配】站在门口_stand in the doorway _______ 32.leftover adj._ _吃剩的；残留的_ n.___ _吃剩的食物；遗留物 ____ 【搭配】 leave over__留下；剩下______ 33.handshake n.__ 握手 ___ 【搭配】动词短语：与某人握手 shake hands with sb._______ 34.plug v._ ___封堵；补足__ n.___ 堵塞物；插头；插座_____ 【搭配】 拔掉塞子__pull (out) the plug ___ 三相插头___a three-pin plug__ __ 插上插头以接通电源___ plug in 35.lately adv.__ 最近；不久前；近来___ late adj.__ _迟到; 晚的; 晚熟的__ adv._ _迟到; 晚; 晚期___later __后来; …过后____ latter n.____ 后者____ adj.____ 后者的______ 【搭配】 the latest...______ 最新的;最近的_______ 36.Input n. _ 情况；信息；投入；输入_ vt.___输入_____ → 反义词：____output _______ 【搭配】输入数据___input data_____ 37. resign vt. &vi辞职; 辞去；使顺从→resignation n. __.辞职; 放弃; 辞职书; 顺从__ → resigned adj. __.屈从的，顺从的__ 【搭配】resign _from_ ... 退出，辞去，从...辞职 resign __as__... 辞去作为...的职位 submit one’s resignation _提出辞职____顺从的神色/微笑/姿势___a resigned look/smile/gesture_______ 38.cardiac adj._心脏病的；心脏的_ 39.circuit n._巡回；环形线路_ 构词：circu (round) + it (to go行走) e.g. circus, circle, circulate 40.consultation n.___ 咨询；咨询会__→_ v.___consult →n.顾问；咨询师____ consultant_____ 【搭配】 在线咨询___online consultation__；广泛/共同磋商__an extensive/a joint consultation__；查词典 refer to/ consult a dictionary;与某人就某事进行商讨___consult sb. about sth.___ ； 就某事向某人咨询___ consult with sb. on/ about sth.___ 41.relay vt.__转发；转播__ n._接力赛；接班的人__ → 形近词：rely_信赖；依靠__ 【搭配】奥运会火炬传递_the Olympic torch relay__ 接力赛__a relay race__ relay to_转达给...转发给...__ 向读者传达一些信息relay some messages to the readers 42.criterion n._标准；准则；原则_(=standard) (pl._criteria_) 【搭配】符合标准__meet/ satisfy the criterion__ 43.stability n._稳定(性)；稳固(性)_ adj. _stable__ adv.__stably__→ 反义词_unstable__ 【搭配】经济稳定_economic stability__ 44.pray v.__企盼；祈祷__ n.祈祷的行为/内容_prayer__ 【搭配】祈求和平pray for peace;为某人祈祷__pray for sb.; pray that +句子 但愿__ 45.hypothetical adj._假设的；假定的__ → hypothesis n. __假设；猜想__ 二、重难点 1.shade n.阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分 v.给…遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把…涂暗 → adj. shaded 林荫遮蔽的 → shady 在背阴处的 【搭配】在阴凉处in the shade ；a shade of少许；微微； 使黯然失色；使相形见绌put... in the shade；为…遮挡; 遮住shade sb./sth. from sth. 【运用】英汉互译： (1)She raised her hand to shade her eyes from the sun.她抬起手遮在眼睛上方以挡住阳光。 (2)There stand some students in uniform in the shades.阴凉处站着一些穿着校服的学生。 (3)他感觉有些失望。He felt a shade of disappointment. (disappoint) 【辨析】shade VS shadow shade指阳光照不到的地方，如树下或墙边的阴凉处，一般没有具体的轮廓。 shadow指某物遮住阳光或其他光源后形成的影子，可以引申为“不良的兆头或阴影”，也可指黑暗的地方。 (1)My friend jumped out of the shadows and tapped on my shoulders. (2)Let’s sit in the shade of the tree for a while. 2.drag v. (1)（使劲而吃力地）拖、拉、拽、扯(2)缓慢而费力地移动(3)（时间或活动）过得很慢，拖沓(过去式dragged过去分词dragged现在分词dragging) n.令人厌烦的或阻碍前进的人或事物 【搭配】做事拖拉，迟迟不做drag one’s feet；吃力地拖着身躯drag oneself(along/up/down/into...) 【运用】 (1)I managed to drag myself (I) out of bed. (2)We dragged ourselves down the mountain towards home.我们拖着沉重的步伐下山回家。 (3)The meeting dragged (on) for several hours.会议拖沓进行了几个小时。 (4)拖延需要完成的工作不好。It is not a good idea todrag your feet when the work needs to be done. 【辨析】draw, pull, drag 三者均可表示“拉” draw：比pull更正式，通常指用力比较平稳，从容，e.g. 拉窗帘 draw the curtain pull：与push（推）相对应，指将人或物朝出力者的方向拉 drag：顺着地面拖 / 拉十分沉重的人或物 3.privilege → adj.有特权的；受特别优待的；荣幸的privileged 【搭配】有…的特权或荣幸have the privilege of doing/to do sth. ；做…是特权或荣幸It’s a/one’s privilege to do sth. ； 荣幸地做某事feel privileged to do sth. 【运用】 (1)I hope to have the privilege of working with them again. 我希望能有幸再次与他们一起工作。 (2)一句多译：能在这儿给大家做演讲是我的荣幸。 It’s a/my privilege to deliver a speech here. (privilege) I’m privileged to deliver a speech here. (privileged) 4.disabled adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的→vt.使残疾；使（机器或设备）瘫痪,不能运转disable →n.缺陷；障碍；残障disability → adj.有能力的able →反义词；无能的unable→n.能力,才能ability→ vt.使能够；使可能；使发生enable 【搭配】有能力做某事be able to do；使某人能够做某事enable sb. to do；残疾人 the disabled 心智有缺陷的mentally disabled；有生理缺陷的physically disabled；抛锚的汽车a disabled car 【运用】用able的适当形式填空。 (1)We didn’t abandon the baby with disability and decided to bring her up. (2)I strongly advise that a special elevator be provided for the disabled. (3)This kind of disease disables thousands of people every year. (4)The disabled are (be) well taken care of by the government. 5. deserve vt.值得; 应得; 应受→deserved adj.理所应当的；应得的→deserving adj.值得...的 【搭配】值得注意/考虑/赞扬 _ deserve consideration/attention/praise ___；deserve to do. sth. __应该做某事___； 应得的休息___ a well-deserved rest ____值得帮助的穷人___ the deserving poor _____ sth /sb/ deserves doing=sth /sb deserves to be done. _______应该/值得被…_______ 【运用】 (1)Andres is constantly making efforts; she deserves__to achieve__(achieve) the goal of entering the key university. (2)He deserves __remembering__(remember) for his kindnesses. = He deserves __to be remembered__(remember) for his kindnesses. 【运用】 (1)Maria is constantly making efforts; she deserves__to achieve__(achieve) the goal of entering the key university. (2)He deserves __remembering__(remember) for his kindnesses. = He deserves __to be remembered__(remember) for his kindnesses. 6.tune （1）n.曲调; 曲子 （2）vt.调音; 调节; 调频道 【搭配】随着…的曲调唱歌 sing to the tune of ;the movie’s theme tune__电影主题曲__ in tune (with...) __(与…)一致，协调; out of tune (with...)__(与…)不一致，不协调__ sing a different tune 改变观点/态度; sing the same tune (as sb.) (与某人)持同样的态度、主张 tune in (to ...) __收听；收看__ ; tune out 不理睬，置之不理 【运用】 （1）I don't like London—I just don't feel __in tune with__ city life. （2）You __are obviously out of tune with__ public opinion. 你显然与公众舆论格格不入。 7.contract （1）n.合同; 契约（2）签合同（3）感染(疾病)（4）缩小；收缩 【搭配】草拟合同draw up a contract;与某人签订合同__enter into/ make/ sign a contract with sb._ 【运用】译： （1） Metal contracts as it cools. __缩小；收缩__ （2） You can contract with us to deliver your cargo. __签合同___ （3）Two-thirds of the adult population there has contracted AIDS. __感染(疾病)__ （4）The economy has contracted by 2.5% since last year. _萎缩了___ 8.grant （1）vt.同意; 准许 （2） n. (政府拨给的)补助金；拨款 【搭配】准予/给予某人某物 grant sb. sth. = grant sth. to sb. ；学生助学金__students’ grants__ 视某事为理所当然__take...for granted___/ take it _for granted that...___ 【运用】 （1）我获准参观宫殿。__I was granted permission to visit the palace.__ （2）我理所当然认为他会帮助我们的。I __took it for granted that__ he would help us. （3） 他许诺给予我们一个新的申请这个职务的机会。 He promised to_grant us a new chance to apply for the post. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $