期末语法分层训练 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

**基本信息** 八年级（译林版）下册英语期末语法分层训练，以A/B/C三层定位系统整合核心语法模块，通过规则提炼与分层题型结合，提升语言运用能力与逻辑思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |动词时态|各层单选/句型转换|现在完成时延续性动词转换、时态辨析规则|从基础结构到混合辨析，构建“结构-语义-标志词”逻辑链| |被动语态|各层单选/短文填空|各时态被动结构、情态动词被动规则|以“be+过去分词”为核心，延伸时态变化与特殊用法| |宾语从句|B/C层单选/转换|语序/时态呼应规则、连接词辨析|遵循“陈述语序-时态一致-连接词适配”递进逻辑| |固定句型|各层单选/改错|used to三类辨析、结果状语句型转换|从结构识别到同义转换，强化语境应用能力|

八年级（译林版）下册英语期末语法分层训练 分层定位： A层（语法筑基，巩固核心语法结构）； B层（能力提升，突破易错知识点）； C层（培优拓展，适配综合难度） 核心语法知识总结 一、动词时态 本册时态考查核心为现在完成时，辅以一般时态、过去完成时混合辨析，是全卷考点。 1. 现在完成时 (1) 基本结构：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词（主语为三单用has，其余用have） (2) 核心语义：动作始发于过去，持续至当前；或过去发生的动作对现在产生持续性影响。 (3) 标志词分类：肯定句适配already、so far、recently、in the past few years；否定句、疑问句适配yet、never、ever；持续时长适配for+时间段、since+过去时间点/一般过去时从句。 (4) 三大重难点： ① 延续性动词转换：for、since表持续时间段时，短暂性动词必须替换为对应延续状态。转换：leave→be away from、buy→have、begin→be on、die→be dead； ② 短语辨析：have been to 去过某地（已返回）、have gone to 去了某地（未返回）、have been in 在某地持续停留； ③ 语法禁忌：不可与yesterday、last week等具体过去时间状语连用。 2. 时态辨析规则 (1) 一般过去时：仅描述过去发生且已终结的动作，侧重过去事实，可搭配具体过去时间状语，与现在无关联； (2) 现在完成时：侧重动作的持续性或对现在的影响，无具体过去时间状语，二者不可混用； (3) 过去完成时（培优难点）：结构为had+过去分词，专属标志by+过去时间点，语义为“过去的过去”，常与被动语态结合考查； (4) 基础时态：一般现在时表常态、客观真理；一般将来时表未来动作；现在进行时表现阶段持续动作。 二、固定句型与同义转换 1. used to 三类句型精准辨析 （1）used to do sth. 过去常常做某事，用于今昔状态对比，暗含动作现已终止； （2）be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事，to为介词，后接动名词； （3）be used to do sth. / be used for doing sth. 某物被用于做某事，表物品用途，为被动结构。 2. 结果状语核心句型 （1）too+adj./adv.+to do sth. 太……而不能……，含否定语义，后接动词原形； （2）so+adj./adv.+that从句 如此……以至于……，修饰形容词、副词，后接完整陈述句； （3）such+名词短语+that从句 如此……以至于……，修饰名词短语，可与so句型同义转换。 3. 比较级句型 （1）The+比较级，the+比较级 越……，就越……，句式对称，定冠词不可省略； （2）否定词+比较级 可表达最高级含义，为同义改写考点。 4. 特殊句式 （1）have no choice but to do sth. 别无选择只能做某事，遵循“无do有to，有do无to”规则； （2）It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth. 形式主语句型，it为形式主语，不定式为真正主语； （3）花费句型互换：It takes sb. 时长 to do sth. = sb. spend 时长 doing sth.；sth. cost sb. 金钱 = sb. spend 金钱 on sth.； （4）条件从句转换：unless = if...not，表“如果不”，所有条件状语从句统一遵循“主将从现”时态规则。 三、被动语态 通用结构：be + 动词过去分词，时态变化仅调整be动词形式，过去分词固定不变。 1. 各时态被动标准结构 一般现在时：am/is/are done；一般过去时：was/were done；现在完成时：have/has been done；过去完成时：had been done；一般将来时：will be done。 2. 情态动词被动结构 结构：情态动词（must/can/should）+ be + 过去分词；核心规则：固定动词短语变被动语态时，末尾介词不可省略，如take good care of、pay attention to等短语需完整保留。 3. 特殊语法规则 sell、wash、write、read等动词搭配well、easily，描述事物固有属性时，用主动形式表达被动含义，无被动语态。 4. 高分转换句型 People think/say/believe that+从句，可转换为“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”简单句，适配书面表达升级句式。 四、主谓一致（三大核心原则） 谓语动词单复数必须与主语语法形式、语义概念保持一致，分为三大原则。 1. 就近一致原则 适用于either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...、there be句型，谓语单复数由紧邻谓语的后置主语决定。 2. 意义一致原则 （1）a number of+复数名词（许多），谓语用复数；the number of+复数名词（……的数量），谓语用单数； （2）everyone、nobody、someone等不定代词作主语，统一视作单数； （3）people、police等集合名词表复数概念，谓语用复数。 3. 语法一致原则 动名词、动词不定式、名词性从句作主语，整体视作单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 五、情态动词（语气分层与语境辨析） 核心考查语义区分与语气强弱，适配规则、许可、推测三类语境。 1. must：表强制义务（必须）、肯定推测（一定）；否定式mustn’t 表明文禁止、绝不允许； 2. needn’t：表不必，否定不必要的行为，无强制语义； 3. can/could：表个人能力、委婉许可；否定式can’t 表否定推测（不可能）； 4. may/might：表委婉许可、不确定性推测，推测语气弱于must。 六、宾语从句（复合句核心） 四大核心规则为单选、改错、句型转换考点，无特殊例外。 1. 语序规则 所有宾语从句必须使用陈述语序（主语在前、谓语在后），禁止疑问倒装语序。 2. 时态呼应规则 主句为现在时态，从句时态随语境灵活变化；主句为过去时态，从句统一用过去对应时态；客观真理、客观事实作从句，始终用一般现在时。 3. 连接词辨析 陈述句用that引导（无实义，可省略）；一般疑问句用if/whether引导（表是否）；特殊疑问句用对应特殊疑问词引导；固定特例：仅whether可与or not连用。 4. 句式简化规则 主从句主语一致、从句含情态动词时，可简化为“疑问词+不定式”简单结构。 七、非谓语动词 本册仅考查动名词、不定式两类，所有搭配为固定语法，无灵活变通用法。 1. 后接动名词（doing）的搭配 介词后统一接动名词，核心搭配：insist on doing、devote...to doing、avoid doing、spend time doing、be used to doing、by doing；重点易错：devote to、insist on中to为介词，后接动名词。 2. 后接不定式（to do）的搭配 核心搭配：expect to do、choose to do、try one’s best to do、plan to do、hope to do。 八、反义疑问句（特殊规则汇总） 核心规则：前肯后否、前否后肯，疑问部分助动词/系动词与主句一致。 1. 隐性否定判定：主句含never、few、little、hardly、seldom等否定语义词汇，视作否定句，疑问部分用肯定形式； 2. 特殊句式：used to do句型的反义疑问句，统一借助助动词did构成，无usedn’t规范写法； 3. 基础规则：主句含be动词、情态动词直接沿用；含实义动词需借助do/does/did构成疑问。 4. 核心总规则：前肯后否、前否后肯，后缀助动词/系动词与主句一致，重点掌握否定判定和特殊句式： A层 语法筑基 考查重点：现在完成时基础结构、used to基础用法、一般时态被动语态、基础情态动词用法、常规主谓一致、基础动词搭配、简单句式转换 题型一：单项选择 1. I ________ live in the countryside, but now I live in the city. A. used to B. use to C. am used to D. was used to 2. He ________ already finished his daily study tasks. A. is B. was C. has D. have 3. Trees ________ by people every year to protect the environment. A. plant B. planted C. are planted D. were planted 4. There ________ a lot of useful information on the official website. A. is B. are C. was D. were 5. — ________ have you learned to repair electronic devices? — Since two years ago. A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How soon 6. You ________ keep quiet in public libraries. It is a basic rule. A. can B. may C. must D. could 7. My brother ________ in this school for four years. A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. will study 8. People in different places ________ different living habits. A. have B. has C. had D. having 9. This kind of book ________ well among teenage readers. A. sell B. sells C. is sold D. are sold 10. She ________ to donate books to rural schools every term. A. plan B. plans C. planned D. has planned 11. We should learn to be polite ________ others in social situations. A. to B. for C. with D. of 12. — Can I take photos in the exhibition hall? — No, you ________. It is not allowed. A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 13. I have never ________ such a meaningful public activity before. A. join B. joined C. take part in D. taken part in 14. A number of volunteers ________ ready to help people in need. A. is B. are C. was D. were 15. He has learned English ________ he was six years old. A. when B. since C. while D. until 题型二：词形填空 16. My father ________ (use) go to work by bike, but now by car. 17. I ________ (finish) my homework already. 18. Many old houses ________ (repair) every year in this ancient town. 19. It is important for us ________ (develop) good daily manners. 20. The number of students in our class ________ (be) fifty. 21. She ________ (learn) to play the piano for three years. 22. We should avoid ________ (speak) loudly in public. 23. New rules ________ (make) to protect wild animals recently. 24. Everyone expects ________ (live) a peaceful and happy life. 25. These charity programs ________ (help) thousands of people so far. 题型三：句型转换 26. He used to walk to school.（改为否定句） 27. I have finished my homework.（改为一般疑问句） 28. Trees are planted every spring.（改为一般过去时被动句） 29. He has lived here for five years.（对划线部分提问） 30. You must follow the public rules.（改为被动语态） 31. A number of students are reading books.（改为否定句） 32. She used to be shy.（改为一般疑问句） 33. The book costs me ten yuan.（改为同义句） 34. We can finish the work in two days.（改为被动语态） 35. He has never been to Beijing.（改为反义疑问句） B层 能力提升 考查重点：现在完成时难点辨析、used to与be used to短语辨析、不同时态被动语态区分、特殊句式主谓一致、情态动词推测用法、非谓语动词固定搭配、宾语从句基础运用 题型一：单项选择 1. He ________ drinking tea after dinner, but he ________ drink coffee before. A. is used to; used to B. used to; is used to C. is used to; is used to D. used to; used to 2. Great changes ________ in our country in the past few years. A. took place B. have taken place C. happen D. are happening 3. — Where is your father? — He ________ Shanghai. He will come back in three days. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. goes to 4. This kind of new machine ________ daily in many factories now. A. uses B. used C. is used D. was used 5. Nobody ________ late for school in our class recently. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 6. You ________ be tired after working for a whole day. A. must B. can C. may D. could 7. I don’t know ________ he will attend the charity show or not. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 8. She devotes most of her free time ________ charity work. A. to do B. to doing C. do D. doing 9. The old man lives ________, but he never feels ________. A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely 10. We should do what we can ________ the environment around us. A. protect B. to protect C. protecting D. protected 11. Great attention must ________ to people’s living conditions. A. pay B. be paid C. paid D. be paying 12. Either my mother or my father ________ going to the meeting. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. I have lived in this city ________ ten years ago. A. for B. since C. in D. at 14. The book is ________ interesting that I want to read it again. A. so B. such C. too D. very 15. — Could you tell me ________? — Next Monday. A. how the sports meeting starts B. when the sports meeting will start C. when will the sports meeting start D. how will the sports meeting start 题型二：短文语法填空 Our hometown 16. ________ (change) a lot over the past few years. There 17. ________ (be) wide roads and tall buildings everywhere now. People’s living conditions 18. ________ (improve) greatly so far. People here 19. ________ (use) to live in small old houses. They had few entertainment choices. But now, more public facilities 20. ________ (build) for citizens. Many young people choose 21. ________ (stay) and work here. I 22. ________ (live) here since I was born. I believe our hometown 23. ________ (become) more beautiful in the future. We should try our best 24. ________ (protect) the environment and keep a good living habit. Everyone can make a difference by 25. ________ (do) small things. 题型三：单句改错 答题要求：找出句子中的语法错误并修正 26. He has left his hometown for three years. 27. She is used to get up early every morning. 28. A number of water is wasted every day. 29. The work was finished already. 30. Neither you nor he are good at playing chess. 31. I don’t know that if he will come tomorrow. 32. The meeting has been begun for ten minutes. 33. He devotes his time to help poor children. 34. You need take part in the voluntary activity. 35. The room is enough big for us to live in. C层 培优拓展 考查重点：完成时延续性动词转换、混合时态被动语态、复杂句式主谓一致、情态动词精准辨析、宾语从句语序与时态、非谓语动词嵌套搭配、复合句式转换运用 题型一：单项选择 1. — How long ________ your hometown? — For nearly ten years. A. have you left B. did you leave C. have you been away from D. were you away from 2. The problem ________ at the meeting for two hours yesterday. A. discussed B. was discussed C. has been discussed D. is discussed 3. It’s impossible for ________ people to finish the work in ________ a short time. A. such; so B. so; such C. so; so D. such; such 4. You ________ smoke in public places. It’s against the rules. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t 5. I wonder if it ________ tomorrow. If it ________, we will stay at home. A. rains; rains B. will rain; rains C. will rain; will rain D. rains; will rain 6. Not only the students but also the teacher ________ the charity activity. A. join B. joins C. joining D. joined 7. The little boy is ________ young ________ take care of himself. A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that D. enough; to 8. All the books ________ by the end of last month. A. have been sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. sold 9. He insists on ________ early to keep healthy. A. get up B. getting up C. to get up D. got up 10. ________ is helpful for us to take part in voluntary work. A. This B. That C. It D. One 11. The harder you work, ________ progress you will make. A. more B. the more C. most D. the most 12. I have no choice but ________ the rules. A. follow B. to follow C. following D. followed 13. Few people know the truth, ________? A. do they B. don’t they C. are they D. aren’t they 14. The project ________ for two years, and it works well now. A. has run B. has been run C. ran D. runs 15. Could you please tell me ________? A. how can I improve my manners B. how I can improve my manners C. when will the show start D. when does the show start 题型二：拓展句型转换 16. He left the village three years ago.（改为延续性完成时句子） 17. We must take good care of the old people.（改为被动语态） 18. Unless you try your best, you won’t achieve your goal.（改为if同义句） 19. This is the most interesting book I have ever read.（改为比较级同义句） 20. He was late for school because he missed the early bus.（对划线部分提问） 21. It takes us two hours to finish the voluntary work.（同义句转换） 22. She used to play the piano.（改为反义疑问句） 23. People believe that hard work brings success.（改为简单句） 24. The girl is so young that she can’t join the club.（改为too...to...句型） 25. I don’t know where I should go next.（改为简单句） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 八年级（译林版）下册英语期末语法分层训练 分层定位：A层（语法筑基，巩固核心语法结构）｜B层（能力提升，突破易错知识点）｜C层（培优拓展，适配综合难度） 核心语法知识总结 一、动词时态 本册时态考查核心为现在完成时，辅以一般时态、过去完成时混合辨析，是全卷考点。 1. 现在完成时 (1) 基本结构：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词（主语为三单用has，其余用have） (2) 核心语义：动作始发于过去，持续至当前；或过去发生的动作对现在产生持续性影响。 (3) 标志词分类：肯定句适配already、so far、recently、in the past few years；否定句、疑问句适配yet、never、ever；持续时长适配for+时间段、since+过去时间点/一般过去时从句。 (4) 三大重难点： ① 延续性动词转换：for、since表持续时间段时，短暂性动词必须替换为对应延续状态。转换：leave→be away from、buy→have、begin→be on、die→be dead； ② 短语辨析：have been to 去过某地（已返回）、have gone to 去了某地（未返回）、have been in 在某地持续停留； ③ 语法禁忌：不可与yesterday、last week等具体过去时间状语连用。 2. 时态辨析规则 (1) 一般过去时：仅描述过去发生且已终结的动作，侧重过去事实，可搭配具体过去时间状语，与现在无关联； (2) 现在完成时：侧重动作的持续性或对现在的影响，无具体过去时间状语，二者不可混用； (3) 过去完成时（培优难点）：结构为had+过去分词，专属标志by+过去时间点，语义为“过去的过去”，常与被动语态结合考查； (4) 基础时态：一般现在时表常态、客观真理；一般将来时表未来动作；现在进行时表现阶段持续动作。 二、固定句型与同义转换 1. used to 三类句型精准辨析 （1）used to do sth. 过去常常做某事，用于今昔状态对比，暗含动作现已终止； （2）be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事，to为介词，后接动名词； （3）be used to do sth. / be used for doing sth. 某物被用于做某事，表物品用途，为被动结构。 2. 结果状语核心句型 （1）too+adj./adv.+to do sth. 太……而不能……，含否定语义，后接动词原形； （2）so+adj./adv.+that从句 如此……以至于……，修饰形容词、副词，后接完整陈述句； （3）such+名词短语+that从句 如此……以至于……，修饰名词短语，可与so句型同义转换。 3. 比较级句型 （1）The+比较级，the+比较级 越……，就越……，句式对称，定冠词不可省略； （2）否定词+比较级 可表达最高级含义，为同义改写考点。 4. 特殊句式 （1）have no choice but to do sth. 别无选择只能做某事，遵循“无do有to，有do无to”规则； （2）It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth. 形式主语句型，it为形式主语，不定式为真正主语； （3）花费句型互换：It takes sb. 时长 to do sth. = sb. spend 时长 doing sth.；sth. cost sb. 金钱 = sb. spend 金钱 on sth.； （4）条件从句转换：unless = if...not，表“如果不”，所有条件状语从句统一遵循“主将从现”时态规则。 三、被动语态 通用结构：be + 动词过去分词，时态变化仅调整be动词形式，过去分词固定不变。 1. 各时态被动标准结构 一般现在时：am/is/are done；一般过去时：was/were done；现在完成时：have/has been done；过去完成时：had been done；一般将来时：will be done。 2. 情态动词被动结构 结构：情态动词（must/can/should）+ be + 过去分词；核心规则：固定动词短语变被动语态时，末尾介词不可省略，如take good care of、pay attention to等短语需完整保留。 3. 特殊语法规则 sell、wash、write、read等动词搭配well、easily，描述事物固有属性时，用主动形式表达被动含义，无被动语态。 4. 高分转换句型 People think/say/believe that+从句，可转换为“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”简单句，适配书面表达升级句式。 四、主谓一致（三大核心原则） 谓语动词单复数必须与主语语法形式、语义概念保持一致，分为三大原则。 1. 就近一致原则 适用于either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...、there be句型，谓语单复数由紧邻谓语的后置主语决定。 2. 意义一致原则 （1）a number of+复数名词（许多），谓语用复数；the number of+复数名词（……的数量），谓语用单数； （2）everyone、nobody、someone等不定代词作主语，统一视作单数； （3）people、police等集合名词表复数概念，谓语用复数。 3. 语法一致原则 动名词、动词不定式、名词性从句作主语，整体视作单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 五、情态动词（语气分层与语境辨析） 核心考查语义区分与语气强弱，适配规则、许可、推测三类语境。 1. must：表强制义务（必须）、肯定推测（一定）；否定式mustn’t 表明文禁止、绝不允许； 2. needn’t：表不必，否定不必要的行为，无强制语义； 3. can/could：表个人能力、委婉许可；否定式can’t 表否定推测（不可能）； 4. may/might：表委婉许可、不确定性推测，推测语气弱于must。 六、宾语从句（复合句核心） 四大核心规则为单选、改错、句型转换考点，无特殊例外。 1. 语序规则 所有宾语从句必须使用陈述语序（主语在前、谓语在后），禁止疑问倒装语序。 2. 时态呼应规则 主句为现在时态，从句时态随语境灵活变化；主句为过去时态，从句统一用过去对应时态；客观真理、客观事实作从句，始终用一般现在时。 3. 连接词辨析 陈述句用that引导（无实义，可省略）；一般疑问句用if/whether引导（表是否）；特殊疑问句用对应特殊疑问词引导；固定特例：仅whether可与or not连用。 4. 句式简化规则 主从句主语一致、从句含情态动词时，可简化为“疑问词+不定式”简单结构。 七、非谓语动词 本册仅考查动名词、不定式两类，所有搭配为固定语法，无灵活变通用法。 1. 后接动名词（doing）的搭配 介词后统一接动名词，核心搭配：insist on doing、devote...to doing、avoid doing、spend time doing、be used to doing、by doing；重点易错：devote to、insist on中to为介词，后接动名词。 2. 后接不定式（to do）的搭配 核心搭配：expect to do、choose to do、try one’s best to do、plan to do、hope to do。 八、反义疑问句（特殊规则汇总） 核心规则：前肯后否、前否后肯，疑问部分助动词/系动词与主句一致。 1. 隐性否定判定：主句含never、few、little、hardly、seldom等否定语义词汇，视作否定句，疑问部分用肯定形式； 2. 特殊句式：used to do句型的反义疑问句，统一借助助动词did构成，无usedn’t规范写法； 3. 基础规则：主句含be动词、情态动词直接沿用；含实义动词需借助do/does/did构成疑问。 4. 核心总规则：前肯后否、前否后肯，后缀助动词/系动词与主句一致，重点掌握否定判定和特殊句式： A层 语法筑基 考查重点：现在完成时基础结构、used to基础用法、一般时态被动语态、基础情态动词用法、常规主谓一致、基础动词搭配、简单句式转换 题型一：单项选择 1. I ________ live in the countryside, but now I live in the city. A. used to B. use to C. am used to D. was used to 答案：A 解析：used to do sth. 表示“过去常常做某事，现在已不再发生”，专门用于今昔状态、动作对比语境。无use to do原生结构；be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯于做某事”，be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”，二者语义与本题语境完全不符。结合句意今昔居住地点对比。 2. He ________ already finished his daily study tasks. A. is B. was C. has D. have 答案：C 解析：现在完成时基础结构。现在完成时标志性词包含already、yet、so far等，基础结构为have/has + 动词过去分词。本句出现already，锁定现在完成时；主语He为第三人称单数，对应助动词has。is、was为系动词，无法构成完成时态，直接排除AB；have用于第一、二人称及复数主语，排除D。 3. Trees ________ by people every year to protect the environment. A. plant B. planted C. are planted D. were planted 答案：C 解析：一般现在时被动语态。主语为动作承受者时需用被动语态（be+过去分词）；every year为一般现在时常态标志。主语Trees是plant的承受对象，为被动关系，排除主动形式AB；every year表常态化动作，匹配一般现在时。were为一般过去时，时态不符，排除D。 4. There ________ a lot of useful information on the official website. A. is B. are C. was D. were 答案：A 解析：there be句型主谓一致（就近原则）。there be句型谓语单复数由紧邻be动词的名词决定。紧邻空格的information为不可数名词，统一视作单数；句子为客观常态描述，用一般现在时。be动词选用is。 5. — ________ have you learned to repair electronic devices? — Since two years ago. A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How soon 答案：A 解析：现在完成时特殊疑问词辨析。How long专门对持续时间段提问，适配since/for引导的答语。答语Since two years ago表动作持续的时间起点，对应时长提问。How often提问频率、How far提问距离、How soon提问将来时长，均与本题语境不匹配。 6. You ________ keep quiet in public libraries. It is a basic rule. A. can B. may C. must D. could 答案：C 解析：情态动词语气辨析（规则类用法）。must表示“必须”，用于规章制度、公共规则等硬性强制要求。题干in public libraries、basic rule明确为公共制度要求，语气强制。can/could表能力、许可，may表委婉许可，语气均轻柔，无法体现规则强制性。 7. My brother ________ in this school for four years. A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. will study 答案：C 解析：现在完成时时间标志词用法。for+一段时间为现在完成时核心标志，强调动作从过去开始、持续至今。句中for four years表持续时长，必须使用现在完成时。一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时均无法体现动作持续性，排除ABD。 8. People in different places ________ different living habits. A. have B. has C. had D. having 答案：A 解析：一般现在时主谓一致规则。复数主语搭配原形谓语，客观事实、常态现象用一般现在时。主语People为复数概念，句子描述普遍生活习惯，为客观常态。has用于三单主语，had为过去式，having不能单独作谓语，均排除。 9. This kind of book ________ well among teenage readers. A. sell B. sells C. is sold D. are sold 答案：B 解析：特殊语法：主动表被动。sell/wash/write/read等动词，搭配well/easily等副词、描述物品固有属性时，用主动形式表被动含义。本句描述书籍的售卖属性，主语This kind of book为单数，一般现在时谓语用三单。主动原形、被动结构均不符合特殊语法规则，排除ACD。 10. She ________ to donate books to rural schools every term. A. plan B. plans C. planned D. has planned 答案：B 解析：一般现在时常态用法。every day/every term等频率短语，表经常性、习惯性动作，锁定一般现在时。主语She为第三人称单数，谓语动词需用三单形式。原形、过去式、完成式均不符合时态和主谓一致要求，排除ACD。 11. We should learn to be polite ________ others in social situations. A. to B. for C. with D. of 答案：A 解析：固定介词搭配。be polite to sb. 为固定短语，意为“对某人有礼貌”，介词to为固定搭配，不可替换。for表目的、with表伴随、of表所属，均无法与polite构成固定搭配。 12. — Can I take photos in the exhibition hall? — No, you ________. It is not allowed. A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 答案：C 解析：情态动词否定辨析。mustn’t 表示“明文禁止、绝不允许”，用于公共规则、制度禁令场景。题干It is not allowed明确为场馆硬性规定，语气绝对禁止。can’t表无能力/不可能，needn’t表不必，shouldn’t表委婉不建议，语气均不匹配禁令语境。 13. I have never ________ such a meaningful public activity before. A. join B. joined C. take part in D. taken part in 答案：D 解析：现在完成时+动词短语辨析。before为现在完成时标志，谓语需用过去分词；take part in搭配大型公共、社会实践活动，join搭配团体、组织。题干public activity为公益公共活动，适配take part in。AC为动词原形，时态错误；B短语搭配场景不符，均排除。 14. A number of volunteers ________ ready to help people in need. A. is B. are C. was D. were 答案：B 解析：主谓一致考点。a number of + 复数名词表“许多”，作主语谓语用复数；the number of表“……数量”，作主语谓语用单数。本句为常态事实描述，用一般现在时，适配a number of复数规则。 15. He has learned English ________ he was six years old. A. when B. since C. while D. until 答案：B 解析：现在完成时固定状语搭配。since + 过去时间点/一般过去时句子，为现在完成时专属时间结构，界定动作起始时间。when/while引导时间状语从句，until表直到，均无法适配完成时持续语境。 题型二：词形填空 16. My father ________ (use) go to work by bike, but now by car. 答案：used to 解析：今昔对比句型。but now提示今昔状态对比，描述过去习惯性动作，固定使用used to do sth. 结构。该句型专门用于“过去常态、现在已改变”的语境，无其他变形适配本题。 17. I ________ (finish) my homework already. 答案：have finished 解析：现在完成时标志词用法。already为现在完成时典型标志，多用于肯定句。主语为第一人称I，助动词用have，动词finish过去分词为finished。 18. Many old houses ________ (repair) every year in this ancient town. 答案：are repaired 解析：一般现在时被动语态。主语为动作承受者用被动；every year表常态化动作，锁定一般现在时被动结构am/is/are+过去分词。主语Many old houses为复数，be动词用are，repair过去分词为repaired。 19. It is important for us ________ (develop) good daily manners. 答案：to develop 解析：形式主语固定句型。It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 为统考句式，it为形式主语，真正主语为后置不定式。空格处需填动词不定式结构，无其他适配形式。 20. The number of students in our class ________ (be) fifty. 答案：is 解析：主谓一致重难点辨析。the number of 核心主语为number（单数），无论后接复数名词，整体均视作单数。句子为客观常态描述，用一般现在时，be动词用is。 21. She ________ (learn) to play the piano for three years. 答案：has learned 解析：现在完成时时间段用法。for+时间段提示现在完成时，强调动作持续至今。主语She为三单，助动词用has，learn过去分词为learned。 22. We should avoid ________ (speak) loudly in public. 答案：speaking 解析：Unit 5非谓语固定搭配。avoid doing sth. 为搭配，avoid后只能接动名词作宾语，不可接原形、不定式。speak需变形为动名词speaking。 23. New rules ________ (make) to protect wild animals recently. 答案：have been made 解析：现在完成时被动语态。recently为现在完成时标志；主语New rules是make的承受者，为被动关系。现在完成时被动结构have/has been done，主语复数用have，make过去分词为made。 24. Everyone expects ________ (live) a peaceful and happy life. 答案：to live 解析：非谓语动词固定搭配。expect to do sth. 为本册核心搭配，expect后必须接动词不定式作宾语。空格处需填不定式结构to live。 25. These charity programs ________ (help) thousands of people so far. 答案：have helped 解析：现在完成时标志短语用法。so far（到目前为止）为现在完成时最强标志，百分百锁定完成时态。主语为复数，助动词用have，help过去分词为helped。 题型三：句型转换 26. He used to walk to school.（改为否定句） 答案：He didn’t use to walk to school. 解析：used to句型否定转换。统考规范：used to变否定，借助助动词didn’t，used还原为use，固定结构为didn’t use to do sth.，无used not to书面规范写法。【转换步骤】主句为一般过去时，否定式统一借助didn’t，动词还原。 27. I have finished my homework.（改为一般疑问句） 答案：Have you finished your homework? 解析：现在完成时一般疑问句转换。完成时变疑问，直接将have/has提前；对话语境需同步变换人称。【转换步骤】1. 助动词have提前至句首；2. 第一人称I、my对应改为第二人称you、your；3. 句末用问号，语序不变。 28. Trees are planted every spring.（改为一般过去时被动句） 答案：Trees were planted every spring 解析：被动语态结构不变，仅调整be动词时态。【转换步骤】1.锁定一般过去时；2. 主语复数，be动词改为were；3. 过去分词planted保持不变。 29. He has lived here for five years.（对划线部分提问） 答案：How long has he lived here? 解析：现在完成时划线提问。for+时间段需用How long提问，完成时疑问语序固定。【转换步骤】1. 确定疑问词How long；2. 保留助动词has，置于主语前；3. 剩余语序不变，删除划线时间段。 30. You must follow the public rules.（改为被动语态） 答案：The public rules must be followed by you. 解析：情态动词被动语态转换。含must的被动结构：must be + 动词过去分词。【转换步骤】1. 原句宾语the public rules前置作主语；2. 谓语follow变为被动形式be followed；3. 保留情态动词must，可加by引出动作执行者。 31. A number of students are reading books.（改为否定句） 答案：A number of students are not reading books. 解析：现在进行时否定句转换。含am/is/are系动词的句子，变否定直接在系动词后加not，无需借助助动词。【转换步骤】直接在are后添加not，其余句式、词汇保持不变。 32. She used to be shy.（改为一般疑问句） 答案：Did she use to be shy? 解析：used to句型一般疑问句转换。统考规范：used to变疑问，借助助动词Did，used还原为use，固定句式为Did+主语+use to do sth.。【转换步骤】1. 助动词Did置于句首；2. 动词used还原为use；3. 句末用问号，语序规范。 33. The book costs me ten yuan.（改为同义句） 答案：I spend ten yuan on the book. 解析：花费句型同义转换。sth. cost sb. some money = sb. spend some money on sth.【转换步骤】1. 更换主语为人称I；2. 时态保持一般现在时，谓语用spend原形；3. 固定搭配on后接物品。spend主语必须是人，不可误用物作主语。 34. We can finish the work in two days.（改为被动语态） 答案：The work can be finished in two days by us. 解析：情态动词can被动语态转换。can被动结构：can be + 过去分词。【转换步骤】1. 原句宾语the work前置作主语；2. 谓语finish变为be finished；3. 保留can，可加by us明确执行者。 35. He has never been to Beijing.（改为反义疑问句） 答案：He has never been to Beijing, has he? 解析：含隐性否定词反义疑问句。never为隐性否定词，主句判定为否定句，遵循“前否后肯”；含助动词直接沿用。【转换步骤】1. 判定前半句否定；2. 沿用助动词has，主语一致用he；3. 后缀用肯定形式。 B层 能力提升 考查重点：现在完成时难点辨析、used to与be used to短语辨析、不同时态被动语态区分、特殊句式主谓一致、情态动词推测用法、非谓语动词固定搭配、宾语从句基础运用 题型一：单项选择 1. He ________ drinking tea after dinner, but he ________ drink coffee before. A. is used to; used to B. used to; is used to C. is used to; is used to D. used to; used to 答案：A 解析：Unit 1易混句型辨析。be used to doing sth. 表“习惯于做某事”（to为介词）；used to do sth. 表“过去常常做某事”（今昔对比）。第一空匹配当下日常习惯，用be used to doing；第二空匹配过去行为、现已改变，用used to do。BCD句型搭配与语境逻辑颠倒，全部排除。 2. Great changes ________ in our country in the past few years. A. took place B. have taken place C. happen D. are happening 答案：B 解析：现在完成时专属时间状语用法。in the past few years为现在完成时标志性短语，表从过去延续至今的变化。take place为不及物短语，无被动语态；主语changes为复数，助动词用have。AC为一般时态，D为现在进行时，均不匹配标志词。 3. — Where is your father? — He ________ Shanghai. He will come back in three days. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. goes to 答案：B 解析：have been to与have gone to辨析。has gone to sp. 去了某地未返回；has been to sp. 去过某地已返回。问句询问爸爸去向，答语三天后返回，说明人不在现场、未归。A语义矛盾，CD时态无法体现对现在的影响，均排除。 4. This kind of new machine ________ daily in many factories now. A. uses B. used C. is used D. was used 答案：C 解析：一般现在时被动语态语境运用。主语与谓语为被动关系，now可表当下常态使用场景，非进行时态。机器被使用，需用被动语态；描述常态化使用情况，锁定一般现在时。AD为主动形式，B为过去时被动，均不符合要求。 5. Nobody ________ late for school in our class recently. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 答案：C 解析：不定代词主谓一致+现在完成时。nobody/everybody等不定代词作主语，统一视作单数；recently锁定现在完成时。主语nobody为单数，助动词用has，搭配be动词完成结构has been。AB时态错误，D主谓不一致，均排除。 6. You ________ be tired after working for a whole day. A. must B. can C. may D. could 答案：A 解析：情态动词表推测（培优考点）。must用于肯定句强势推测，表“一定、想必”；may/could表不确定推测，can多用于否定推测。工作一整天后疲惫为必然结果，推测语气绝对肯定。 7. I don’t know ________ he will attend the charity show or not. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 答案：B 解析：宾语从句连接词易错辨析。if和whether均可表“是否”，但只有whether可与or not连用，if绝对不可搭配。句尾出现or not，为whether专属搭配场景。if搭配违规，that表陈述、what作成分，均不匹配。 8. She devotes most of her free time ________ charity work. A. to do B. to doing C. do D. doing 答案：B 解析：介词型to非谓语搭配。devote ... to doing sth. 中to为介词，非不定式符号，后必须接动名词。学生极易误判为不定式to do，属于本册陷阱。to后接charity work对应动名词doing。 9. The old man lives ________, but he never feels ________. A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely 答案：A 解析：alone与lonely词义精准辨析。alone为客观状态，表“独自一人、无陪伴”；lonely为主观情绪，表“内心孤独寂寞”。前半句描述居住客观状态，后半句描述内心感受，对应搭配alone、lonely。 10. We should do what we can ________ the environment around us. A. protect B. to protect C. protecting D. protected 答案：B 解析：不定式表目的句式。what we can (do) 为省略宾语从句，整体作do的宾语；主句用不定式表目的，不受can影响误用原形。尽全力的目的是保护环境，需用to do表目的。极易被can误导选动词原形。 11. Great attention must ________ to people’s living conditions. A. pay B. be paid C. paid D. be paying 答案：B 解析：固定短语被动语态。pay attention to被动形式为attention be paid to，短语不可拆分。含情态动词must，被动结构为must be + 过去分词，pay过去分词为paid。ACD均不符合情态动词被动结构，直接排除。 12. Either my mother or my father ________ going to the meeting. A. is B. are C. was D. were 答案：A 解析：主谓一致就近原则。either...or... 遵循就近一致，谓语单复数由紧邻后置主语决定。就近主语my father为单数，常态描述用一般现在时，be动词用is。BD复数谓语、C过去时态均不符。 13. I have lived in this city ________ ten years ago. A. for B. since C. in D. at 答案：B 解析：现在完成时时间搭配。since+时间段+ago 适配现在完成时，表动作持续至今；for直接加时间段、不接ago。句中含ten years ago，只能用since引导。 14. The book is ________ interesting that I want to read it again. A. so B. such C. too D. very 答案：A 解析：结果状语从句固定句型。so+adj./adv.+that从句，such+名词短语+that从句。空格后为形容词interesting，后续接完整从句，适配so...that...结构。such修饰名词、too后接不定式、very无从句搭配，均排除。 15. — Could you tell me ________? — Next Monday. A. how the sports meeting starts B. when the sports meeting will start C. when will the sports meeting start D. how will the sports meeting start 答案：B 解析：答语 Next Monday 为时间，疑问词用 when；宾语从句必须陈述语序：疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语, C 为倒装疑问语序，语法错误。因此唯一正确选项为 B。 题型二：短文语法填空 Our hometown 16. ________ (change) a lot over the past few years. There 17. ________ (be) wide roads and tall buildings everywhere now. People’s living conditions 18. ________ (improve) greatly so far. People here 19. ________ (use) to live in small old houses. They had few entertainment choices. But now, more public facilities 20. ________ (build) for citizens. Many young people choose 21. ________ (stay) and work here. I 22. ________ (live) here since I was born. I believe our hometown 23. ________ (become) more beautiful in the future. We should try our best 24. ________ (protect) the environment and keep a good living habit. Everyone can make a difference by 25. ________ (do) small things. 16. has changed｜解析：现在完成时。over the past few years为完成时专属标志，表持续变化；主语hometown为单数，谓语用has changed。 17. are｜解析：there be主谓一致。now表当前常态，就近空格后复数名词roads，be动词用复数are。 18. have been improved｜解析：现在完成时被动语态。so far锁定完成时，生活条件被改善为被动关系；主语复数，用have been improved。 19. used｜解析：used to今昔对比。前后文对比过去与现在居住状态，固定用used to结构描述过去常态。 20. are built｜解析：一般现在时被动语态。公共设施被建造为被动关系，描述城市常态化建设，用一般现在时被动结构。 21. to stay｜解析：非谓语固定搭配。choose to do sth. 为结构，choose后只能接动词不定式作宾语。 22. have lived｜解析：现在完成时。since引导一般过去时从句，主句强制用完成时，强调动作持续至今。 23. will become｜解析：一般将来时。in the future为将来时标志，用于预判未来发展趋势，用will+动词原形。 24. to protect｜解析：非谓语固定搭配。try one’s best to do sth. 为核心句型，不定式表目的。 25. doing｜解析：介词后非谓语。by为方式介词，所有介词后接动词必须用动名词形式。 题型三：单句改错 答题要求：找出句子中的语法错误并修正 26. He has left his hometown for three years. 答案：left → been away from 解析：短暂性动词与延续性动词转换。leave为短暂性动词，无法与for/since+时间段连用，需替换为延续状态be away from。学生常直接用短暂动词搭配时间段，属于本册顶级易错点。【修正逻辑】将瞬间动作left改为持续状态been away from，适配三年时长语境。 27. She is used to get up early every morning. 答案：get → getting 解析：be used to固定搭配。be used to doing sth. 中to为介词，后接动名词。极易误判为不定式to do，是本册最错题。【修正逻辑】get变形为getting，匹配介词后非谓语规则。 28. A number of water is wasted every day. 答案：A number of → A large amount of 解析：名词修饰词搭配辨析。a number of仅修饰可数名词复数，water为不可数名词，需用a large amount of修饰。混淆可数与不可数名词修饰短语。【修正逻辑】替换适配不可数名词的修饰短语。 29. The work was finished already. 答案：was finished → has been finished 解析：现在完成时标志词用法。already为现在完成时专属标志，不可用于一般过去时。原句时态不匹配标志词。【修正逻辑】改为现在完成时被动语态has been finished，适配already用法。 30. Neither you nor he are good at playing chess. 答案：are → is 解析：neither...nor...就近原则。该句型谓语单复数由就近后置主语决定。就近主语he为三单，be动词需用单数is。误用复数谓语，忽略就近规则。【修正逻辑】are改为is。 31. I don’t know that if he will come tomorrow. 答案：删除that 解析：宾语从句连接词规则。that（陈述句引导词）与if/whether（疑问引导词）不可连用。连接词冗余冲突。【修正逻辑】删除多余that，保留表疑问的if。 32. The meeting has been begun for ten minutes. 答案：been begun → been on 解析：延续性动词转换。begin为短暂性动词，无法搭配for+时间段，需替换为延续状态be on。短暂动词适配持续时间段，语法违规。【修正逻辑】been begun改为been on，适配十分钟持续语境。 33. He devotes his time to help poor children. 答案：help → helping 解析：devote固定搭配。devote...to doing中to为介词，后接动名词。误判为不定式to do。【修正逻辑】help改为helping，匹配介词后非谓语规则。 34. You need take part in the voluntary activity. 答案：need take → need to take 解析：need双重词性辨析。need作实义动词，固定搭配need to do sth.；作情态动词可直接加原形。本句need为实义动词，需搭配不定式。【修正逻辑】补充to，改为need to take。 35. The room is enough big for us to live in. 答案：enough big → big enough 解析：enough语序规则。enough修饰形容词、副词必须后置；修饰名词可前置。修饰形容词big语序前置违规。【修正逻辑】调整为big enough，符合语法语序规范。 C层 培优拓展 考查重点：完成时延续性动词转换、混合时态被动语态、复杂句式主谓一致、情态动词精准辨析、宾语从句语序与时态、非谓语动词嵌套搭配、复合句式转换运用 题型一：单项选择 1. — How long ________ your hometown? — For nearly ten years. A. have you left B. did you leave C. have you been away from D. were you away from 答案：C 解析：现在完成时+延续/短暂动词转换。How long对持续时间段提问，谓语必须用延续性状态，leave为短暂动词不可适配。答语For nearly ten years锁定现在完成时，be away from为leave对应延续状态。A误用短暂动词，BD时态不符时间段语境。 2. The problem ________ at the meeting for two hours yesterday. A. discussed B. was discussed C. has been discussed D. is discussed 答案：B 解析：混合时态被动语态辨析。主语为动作承受者用被动；yesterday锁定一般过去时。The problem被讨论，为被动关系；动作发生在过去且已结束，用一般过去时被动。A主动语态错误，C现在完成时、D一般现在时时态不符。 3. It’s impossible for ________ people to finish the work in ________ a short time. A. such; so B. so; such C. so; so D. such; such 答案：B 解析：so/such精准辨析。so修饰adj./adv.，such修饰名词短语；固定特例：so+many/much/few/little+名词。第一空many people为数量名词短语，固定用so；第二空a short time为普通名词短语，固定用such。ACD均不符合特例搭配规则。 4. You ________ smoke in public places. It’s against the rules. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t 答案：A 解析：情态动词语气层级辨析。mustn’t表明文禁令、绝对禁止；needn’t表不必；can’t表无能力/不可能；shouldn’t表委婉不建议。against the rules明确为公共硬性禁令，语气最强，适配mustn’t。 5. I wonder if it ________ tomorrow. If it ________, we will stay at home. A. rains; rains B. will rain; rains C. will rain; will rain D. rains; will rain 答案：B 解析：if双重从句时态混用。if表“是否”引导宾语从句，时态随语境；if表“如果”引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现。第一空宾语从句，tomorrow表将来，用will rain；第二空条件从句，主句将来时，从句用一般现在时rains。【易错点】混淆两种从句时态规则，为培优陷阱。 6. Not only the students but also the teacher ________ the charity activity. A. join B. joins C. joining D. joined 答案：B 解析：复杂句式主谓一致（就近原则）。not only...but also... 严格遵循就近一致，谓语由后置紧邻主语决定。就近主语the teacher为三单，句子为常态描述，一般现在时谓语用三单joins。A复数谓语、C非谓语不能作谓语、D时态不符，均排除。 7. The little boy is ________ young ________ take care of himself. A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that D. enough; to 答案：A 解析：三大结果句型辨析。too+adj.+to do 表“太……而不能”（否定+不定式）；so...that后接从句；enough...to do表肯定。句意表否定逻辑，空格后为动词原形，适配too...to...结构。BC后接从句、D表肯定，均不匹配。 8. All the books ________ by the end of last month. A. have been sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. sold 答案：B 解析：过去完成时被动语态。by+过去时间点（by the end of last month）为过去完成时专属标志，表“过去的过去”完成的动作，结构为had+过去分词。主语All the books是sell的承受者，需用被动语态；时态锁定过去完成时，被动结构为had been done。A现在完成时、C一般过去时、D主动语态，均不符合时态和语态双重要求。 9. He insists on ________ early to keep healthy. A. get up B. getting up C. to get up D. got up 答案：B 解析：介词型非谓语动词固定搭配。insist on 为固定介词短语，意为“坚持”，短语中on为介词，而非不定式符号，英语中所有介词后接动词作宾语，必须使用动名词形式。insist on doing sth. 为固定搭配，无insist on to do/do原形用法。ACD均不符合介词后非谓语变形规则，直接排除。 10. ________ is helpful for us to take part in voluntary work. A. This B. That C. It D. One 答案：C 解析：it形式主语句型。It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 为核心句式，it为形式主语，无实际词义，仅承担句式结构，句子真正主语为后置的动词不定式结构。this/that/one均无法充当英语形式主语，属于固定语法规范，不可替换。本句真正主语是to take part in voluntary work，完全贴合句型结构。 11. The harder you work, ________ progress you will make. A. more B. the more C. most D. the most 答案：B 解析：比较级固定特殊句型。The + 比较级，the + 比较级 为固定句式，意为“越……，就越……”，前后句式结构对称，必须统一加定冠词the。progress为不可数名词，用much的比较级more修饰；结合句式规则，前后均需带the。A无定冠词、CD为最高级，均不符合句型结构。 12. I have no choice but ________ the rules. A. follow B. to follow C. following D. followed 答案：B 解析：but特殊不定式省略规则。have no choice but to do sth. 为统考固定句式，意为“别无选择，只能做某事”。核心口诀：有do无to，无do有to。本句but前出现名词choice，无实义动词do，因此后面不定式to绝对不可省略；仅当but前有do/does/did原形时，才可省略to。ACD均违背该特殊句式规则，属于易错答案。 13. Few people know the truth, ________? A. do they B. don’t they C. are they D. aren’t they 答案：A 解析：隐性否定词反义疑问句。few、little、never、hardly、seldom均为隐性否定词，主句含以上词汇，一律判定为否定句，遵循前否后肯规则。本句few表“几乎没有人”，含否定语义；主句谓语为实义动词know，需借助助动词do构成疑问后缀，主语people为复数概念。BD为否定后缀、C误用be动词，均排除。 14. The project ________ for two years, and it works well now. A. has run B. has been run C. ran D. runs 答案：A 解析：特殊动词主动表延续状态。run表示“项目、机器、设施运行运转”时，为状态类不及物动词，无被动语态，主动形式可表达持续状态。for two years为现在完成时标志，主语the project为单数，谓语用has run。B被动语态误用（run无被动）、C一般过去时不匹配时间段、D一般现在时无法体现持续至今的状态，均排除。 15. Could you please tell me ________? A. how can I improve my manners B. how I can improve my manners C. when will the show start D. when does the show start 答案：B 解析：宾语从句必须同时满足：①陈述语序（主语在前、谓语在后，禁止倒装）；②时态、连接词匹配语境。ACD均为疑问倒装语序，语法错误；B选项主语I在前、情态动词can在后，语序规范，语义贴合语境。【易错点】学生极易忽略语序规则，误选倒装句式选项。 题型二：拓展句型转换 16. He left the village three years ago.（改为延续性完成时句子） 答案：He has been away from the village for three years. 解析：现在完成时+短暂性动词转延续性动词。for+持续时间段必须搭配延续性动词/状态，leave、go、buy等瞬间短暂动词不可与时间段连用，需替换对应延续状态。原句three years ago为过去时间点，瞬间动词left无法适配持续时长；leave对应延续状态为be away from，时态升级为现在完成时，主语he搭配has been away from。【易错点】直接用has left搭配时间段，属于语法错误。 17. We must take good care of the old people.（改为被动语态） 答案：The old people must be taken good care of by us. 解析：情态动词被动语态+固定短语完整性。情态动词被动结构：情态动词 + be + 动词过去分词；固定动词短语变被动不可拆分、不可遗漏末尾介词。take good care of为完整固定搭配，被动形式必须整体保留；原句宾语the old people前置作主语，take变形为过去分词taken，保留must，结尾保留介词of。【选项易错点】多数学生遗漏介词of，导致句式残缺扣分。 18. Unless you try your best, you won’t achieve your goal.（改为if同义句） 答案：If you don’t try your best, you won’t achieve your goal. 解析：条件状语从句unless与if...not同义互换。unless引导条件状语从句，语义等同于if...not（如果不），二者可无条件同义替换，遵循主将从现规则。原句unless引导从句，替换为If开头的否定从句，谓语try your best变为don’t try your best，主句时态、语序完全不变。【语境逻辑】前后句意一致，均为“不尽力就无法实现目标”。 19. This is the most interesting book I have ever read.（改为比较级同义句） 答案：I have never read a more interesting book than this one. 解析：最高级与否定比较级同义转换。英语句式：否定词+比较级 = 最高级含义，用于同义改写，是统考培优考点。原句为最高级句式，表“最有趣的书”；转换时用never构建否定语境，搭配interesting比较级more interesting，通过than对比结构完成同义替换。【易错点】不可混用最高级，必须使用比较级搭配否定词。 20. He was late for school because he missed the early bus.（对划线部分提问） 答案：Why was he late for school? 解析：原因状语从句划线提问。针对because引导的完整原因状语从句提问，统一使用疑问词Why，不可用what...for（多用于提问目的）。原句为一般过去时含系动词was的陈述句，变疑问直接将was提前，保留主干主语和表语，删除原因从句。【易错点】混淆原因提问与目的提问疑问词。 21. It takes us two hours to finish the voluntary work.（同义句转换） 答案：We spend two hours finishing the voluntary work. 解析：两大花费句型同义互换。It takes sb. some time to do sth. = Sb. spend some time doing sth.原句形式主语It替换为人作主语We，时态保持一般现在时；spend后固定接动名词，finish变形为finishing，保留原有时间和宾语。【核心易错点】spend后不可接不定式to do，只能接doing。 22. She used to play the piano.（改为反义疑问句） 答案：She used to play the piano, didn’t she? 解析：used to句型反义疑问句。used to do句型变反义疑问句，统一借助助动词did，无usedn’t规范书面用法。主句为肯定陈述句，遵循“前肯后否”规则；主语为she，对应否定助动词didn’t，后缀主语与主句一致。【易错点】误用usedn’t she，不符合考场评分标准。 23. People believe that hard work brings success.（改为简单句） 答案：Hard work is believed to bring success. 解析：复合句变简单句（被动简化）。转换模板：People think/believe/say that+从句 = 事物主语 + be + 过去分词 + to do sth.拆分原复合句，将被动结构is believed替代主动的people believe，用不定式to bring success简化原that宾语从句，完成复合句转简单句升级。 24. The girl is so young that she can’t join the club.（改为too...to...句型） 答案：The girl is too young to join the club. 解析：否定结果从句与too...to...句型互换。so+adj.+that sb. can’t do = too+adj.+to do（太……而不能……）。原句that从句含否定can’t，具备转换条件；提取核心形容词young，套用too...to...结构，删除冗余从句，后接动词原形join简化句子。【易错点】肯定so...that从句不可转换为此结构，仅限否定语义。 25. I don’t know where I should go next.（改为简单句） 答案：I don’t know where to go next. 解析：宾语从句疑问词+不定式简化。主句与宾语从句主语一致、从句含情态动词时，可简化为疑问词+to do简单结构。主句和从句主语均为I，满足简化条件；保留疑问词where，删除从句主语和情态动词should，剩余动词变形为不定式to go。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $