精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年第二学期高一年级英语学科期中考试试卷

复旦大学附属中学2025学年第二学期 高一年级英语学科期中考试试卷 Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary (37分) Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. Zhang Xiaofeng, an independent market analyst, said that almost all market players ________ great importance on safety. Which of the following is IMPROPER? A. put B. lay C. place D. attach 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：独立市场分析师张晓峰表示，几乎所有的市场参与者都非常重视安全。以下哪项是不合适的？ put/lay/place importance on为固定搭配，意为“重视……”；attach importance to也表示“重视……”，但其后应接介词to，而不是on。题干中空格后为“great importance on safety”，故A、B、C选项均可填入，D选项搭配错误，符合题干选出“不合适”选项的要求。 2. Fearing that automation might replace human workers, many traditional industries are reluctant to ________ new technologies. A. exclude B. embrace C. include D. encounter 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：由于担心自动化可能会取代人类工人，许多传统行业不愿接受新技术。 A. exclude不包括；B. embrace欣然接受；C. include包含；D. encounter偶遇。题干中包含重点短语be reluctant to do sth.，意为“不愿做某事”。结合前半句“担心自动化可能会取代人类工人”可知，传统行业是不愿意接受新技术的，embrace在此处意为“欣然接受，乐意采纳”。 3. Before you start cooking, make sure you have all the ________ ready on the kitchen counter, including vegetables, spices, and meat. A. utensils B. ingredients C. recipes D. nutrients 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：在开始烹饪之前，确保你把所有的食材都准备好放在厨房台面上，包括蔬菜、香料和肉。A. utensils餐具，厨具；B. ingredients食材，原料；C. recipes食谱；D. nutrients营养素。结合including vegetables, spices, and meat可知，此处指烹饪所需的“食材”，用ingredients。 4. After seeing a sharp increase in demand for its electric vehicles, the company decided to ________ production to meet customer orders. A. scale up B. lay off C. turn over D. point out 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：在看到对其电动汽车的需求急剧增加后，该公司决定扩大生产以满足客户订单。A. scale up扩大；B. lay off 解雇；C. turn over翻转；D. point out 指出。根据“After seeing a sharp increase in demand for its electric vehicles”可知，由于电动汽车需求急剧增加，公司需要扩大生产来满足客户订单。 5. The new wildlife protection law imposes stricter penalties ________ poaching, including heavier fines and longer prison sentences. A. in contrast to B. in favor of C. in charge of D. in relation to 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：新的野生动物保护法实施了更严格的关于偷猎的处罚，包括更重的罚款和更长的刑期。A. in contrast to与……形成对比；B. in favor of赞同；C. in charge of负责；D. in relation to关于。由语意可知，此处指法律对偷猎行为施加惩罚，in relation to用于引出惩罚所针对的对象，表示“关于/涉及偷猎（行为）的惩罚”。 6. The laboratory is known for its ________ instrument, which took over a decade to build and can analyze samples with atomic-level precision. A. elaborate B. deliberate C. delicate D. culinary 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：这座实验室以其精密复杂的仪器闻名，该仪器耗时十余年建造，能够以原子级精度分析样本。A. elaborate精细的，复杂精美的（常形容花费大量心血设计的系统或设备）；B. deliberate故意的，蓄意的；C. delicate精致的，易碎的（多形容物品脆弱或微妙）；D. culinary烹饪的。后文提到atomic-level precision，强调仪器的复杂精密，用elaborate。 7. After winning her third Olympic gold medal, the legendary swimmer decided to ________ from competitive swimming and focus on coaching young athletes. A. rise B. release C. retire D. remove 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：在斩获第三枚奥运金牌后，这位传奇游泳选手决定退出竞技泳坛，专心执教年轻运动员。A. rise上升；B. release释放；C. retire退役；D. remove移除。空处与from搭配，且结合后文“focus on coaching young athletes（专注于执教年轻运动员）”可知，此处表示结束运动员生涯，retire from为固定搭配，意为“从……退役/退休”，符合语境。 8. In Shanghai, spring is ________ the season when flowers bloom and temperatures begin to rise, but this year an unexpected cold snap delayed the process by nearly three weeks. A. exclusively B. typically C. slightly D. definitely 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：在上海，春天通常是花开和气温开始上升的季节，但是今年一场意想不到的寒潮将这一过程推迟了将近三个星期。A. exclusively专门地；B. typically通常；C. slightly稍微；D. definitely肯定地。句中后半句“but this year an unexpected cold snap delayed the process”表示今年出现了意外情况，与往常的一般情况形成对比，因此空格处应填入表示“通常、典型地”的副词。 9. After receiving over 200 complaints about batteries overheating, the electronics company was forced to ________ nearly 50,000 units of its flagship smartphone. A. recall B. recycle C. reunite D. replicate 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：在收到超过200起关于电池过热的投诉后，这家电子公司被迫召回了近5万部其旗舰智能手机。A. recall召回；B. recycle回收利用；C. reunite使重聚；D. replicate复制。根据“After receiving over 200 complaints about batteries overheating,”可知，许多人投诉说明产品质量有问题，所以电子公司对问题缺陷产品主动收回。 10. The abandoned factory, with its rusty pipes and crumbling walls, ________ to collapse after years of neglect, posing a serious danger to nearby residents. A. attempts B. intends C. pretends D. threatens 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：这座废弃的工厂，管道生锈，墙壁摇摇欲坠，经过多年的失修，有倒塌的危险，对附近居民构成了严重的威胁。A. attempt尝试；B. intend打算；C. pretend假装；D. threaten威胁；有……的危险。句中主语为The abandoned factory，且后文提到posing a serious danger可知，年久失修的废弃的工厂应该有坍塌的危险，threaten to do sth. 意为“有……的危险，可能会发生（不好的事）”。 11. In case of being late, the sleepy student ________ a protein bar from his backpack, stuck it between his teeth, and dashed out of the dormitory. A. dragged B. seized C. grabbed D. packed 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：由于要迟到了，这个困倦的学生从背包里抓出一根蛋白棒，叼在嘴里，然后冲出了宿舍。A. dragged拖拽；B. seized抓住(常带有用力或突然的意味)；C. grabbed猛地抓起，快速拿取；D. packed打包。根据“in case of being late”和“dashed out”可知，学生时间紧迫，动作应迅速、直接；grabbed强调匆忙中随手抓起，符合情境；而seized语气偏重控制或用力，不如grabbed自然贴切。 12. The newly built highway stop offers fancy ________ for travelers, featuring EV charging stations, pet rest areas, as well as restrooms fully ________ to people with disabilities. A. facilities; accessible B. establishments; accessible C. establishments; affordable D. facilities; affordable 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：新建的高速公路休息站为旅客提供了高级的设施，其特色包括电动汽车充电站、宠物休息区，以及对残疾人完全无障碍的洗手间。facility“设施”；establishment“机构”；accessible“无障碍的/可使用的”；affordable“负担得起的”。第一空，结合后文“featuring EV charging stations, pet rest areas, as well as restrooms”列举的充电站、宠物区和洗手间可知，此处指为旅客提供“设施”，用facilities；第二空，固定搭配be accessible to sb.意为“对某人来说可使用的/无障碍的”，符合残疾人使用洗手间的语境，用accessible。 13. To ________ the ancient manuscripts, Shanghai museum strictly controls the temperature and humidity, while also ________ a special section for the most fragile documents. A. preserve; maintaining B. preserve; reserving C. reserve; preserving D. reserve; conserving 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：为保护古老手稿，上海博物馆严格管控温湿度，同时为最易破损的文献留专属展区。A. preserve保护；maintaining维持；B. preserve保护；reserving预留；C. reserve预留；preserving保护；D. reserve预留；conserving保护。根据“controls the temperature and humidity”和“a special section for the most fragile documents”可知，此处指严格管控温湿度来保护文物，且为易破损的文献专门预留了专属展区，preserve和reserving符合语境。 14. With a timely joke, the teacher could ________ the class’s attention back to the lesson with ease; humor was her best ________ for calming them down. A. steer; device B. conquer; means C. steer; means D. conquer; device 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：通过一个适时的笑话，老师可以轻松地将全班的注意力引导回课堂上；幽默是她让他们平静下来的最佳手段。A. steer引导；device装置，手段；B. conquer征服；means方法；C. steer引导；means方法；D. conquer征服；device装置，手段。根据attention可知，第一空应用动词steer，表示“引导”注意力，steer one’s attention back to...是常见搭配，意为“将某人的注意力引导回……”。根据for calming them down可知，第二空应用名词device，表示“做某事的巧妙手段或策略”，而means常用于a means of doing sth。 15. ________ a financial crisis, the century-old restaurant immediately set out ________ multiple measures, turning things around. A. Running into; implementing B. Running into; to implement C. Turning into; implementing D. Turning into; to implement 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：遇到金融危机后，这家百年老店立即着手实施多项措施，扭转了局面。第一空表示“遇到”，run into意为“遇到（困难等）”，turn into意为“变成”，根据句意应使用run into，该动词短语在句中作状语，且与主语the century-old restaurant构成主动关系，故用现在分词；第二空考查固定搭配set out to do sth.，意为“着手做某事”，使用不定式to implement。 16. Despite having to sail an extra 150 miles after being blown ________ by the unexpected gale, the experienced captain managed to ________ nearly 2,000 nautical miles in just two weeks. A. off course; cross B. on course; cross C. off course; cover D. on course; cover 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：尽管因遭遇意外大风被吹离航线，不得不额外航行150英里，但这位经验丰富的船长仍设法在短短两周内航行了近2000海里。第一空，off course为固定搭配，意为“偏离航道（或航线）”，符合“额外航行150英里”的语境；第二空，“cover + 距离”表示“航行（某段距离）”，cross侧重“横穿（某一区域或界限）”，不用于直接接具体里程数。 17. ________ the government provides financial support to farmers who switch to sustainable farming methods, illegal deforestation will continue to destroy the rainforest. A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. When 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：除非政府向转型可持续农业的农户提供资金扶持，否则非法砍伐仍会持续毁坏雨林。A. Since既然；B. Once一旦；C. Unless除非；D. When当……时。分析前后句逻辑可知，主句表示“非法的森林砍伐将继续破坏雨林”，从句表示“政府提供财政支持”，两者之间为反向的条件关系，即“如果不提供支持，破坏就会继续”，因此需要使用表示“除非，如果不”的连词unless来引导条件状语从句。 18. The freshman was walking toward ________ he thought was the dining hall ________ the dean appeared in front of him. A. where; where B. where; when C. what; where D. what; when 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：那个大一新生正朝他认为是餐厅的地方走去，这时院长出现在他面前。第一空，“he thought was the dining hall”为宾语从句，从句中he thought为插入语，从句缺少主语，表示“……的事物”，用what引导；第二空，固定句型“be doing sth. when...”，意为“正在做某事，这时（突然）……”，第二空用when。 19. Sampling puddings at the counter, the old man acted ________ he were to buy one, but I am positive ________ he was taking advantage of the store. A. if only; whether B. as if; that C. as if; whether D. if only; that 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：那个老人在柜台品尝布丁，表现得好像他要买一个似的，但我确信他是在占商店的便宜。第一空，act as if为固定用法，意为“表现得好像”，as if 引导方式状语从句，且从句使用了虚拟语气；第二空，be positive that... 为固定句型，意为“确信……”，that引导宾语从句。 20. Walking in the woods with her boyfriend on a warm spring evening, Cindy lost her gold ring and ________. A. she could not find it nowhere B. nowhere could she find it C. she could nowhere find it D. could she nowhere find it 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：在一个温暖的春天的傍晚，辛迪和她的男朋友在树林里散步时，弄丢了她的金戒指，而且到处都找不到。当否定副词nowhere“无处，到处都不”置于句首表示强调时，句子需要使用部分倒装结构，即将助动词、情态动词或be动词提到主语之前。选项B中，nowhere位于句首，情态动词could提到了主语she之前，构成了部分倒装，符合语法规则。 21. In the corner of the dimly lit room ________ an old lady, on ________ rested a fat ginger cat with half-closed eyes. A. was seated; lap of whom B. seated; whose lap C. sat; the lap of whom D. was sitting; her lap 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：在昏暗房间的角落里坐着一位老妇人，她的腿上趴着一只半闭着眼睛的胖橘猫。第一空，表示地点的介词短语In the corner of the dimly lit room位于句首，且主语an old lady为名词，句子需使用完全倒装结构，即“表示地点的介词短语+谓语动词+主语”，谓语动词使用sat；第二空，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是an old lady，指人，“她的腿”表达为the lap of whom，关系代词whom指代先行词作介词of的宾语，the lap of whom相当于whose lap，作介词on的宾语。 22. ________, he refused the young clerk’s charity and walked out with his head held high. A. A man as he was of fallen fortune B. As he was a man of fallen fortune C. As was a man of fallen fortune D. Man of fallen fortune as he was 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：尽管他是一个家道中落的人，他还是拒绝了年轻店员的施舍，昂首挺胸地走了出去。as引导让步状语从句时，从句需使用部分倒装结构，通常将表语、状语或动词原形提至句首。当提前的表语是单数可数名词时，名词前的不定冠词a/an必须省略。本句中，表语“a man of fallen fortune”提至句首时，需省略冠词a，变为“Man of fallen fortune as he was”，所以D项符合语法。A项A man as he was of fallen fortune语序错误；B项As he was a man of fallen fortune不适用as放句首引导让步倒装；C项As was a man of fallen fortune句式错误。 23. The explorer is said ________ across deserts and mountains, only ________ that the true treasure lay not in distant lands but in his own heart. A. to have traveled; to learn B. to have traveled; to have learnt C. to travel; to have learnt D. to travel; to learn 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：据说这位探险家曾穿越沙漠和山脉，结果却发现真正的宝藏不在遥远的土地上，而是在他自己的心里。第一空考查句型sb. is said to do sth.意为“据说某人做某事”，由于“穿越（travel across）”的动作发生在谓语动词“据说（is said）”之前，故需用不定式的完成式to have traveled；第二空考查固定搭配only to do sth.，作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，故填to learn。 24. It was not until the stray cat frightened by the sudden thunderstorm and trembling under the old car ________ from its hiding place ________ to look for food. A. was taken out; that it dared B. had taken out; did it dare C. was taken out; did it dare D. had taken out; that it dared 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：直到那只被突如其来的雷暴吓到、在旧车底下瑟瑟发抖的流浪猫从藏身处被带出来，它才敢出来觅食。第一空，主语the stray cat与take out构成被动关系，且描述过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用was taken out；第二空，句子为It was not until... that...强调句型，强调时间状语“not until the stray cat frightened by the sudden thunderstorm and trembling under the old car ________ from its hiding place”，that从句需用正常陈述语序，无需倒装，用 that it dared。 25. To such a degree ________ the traditional food culture in this small town that even the youngest generation insist on preparing holiday feasts ________ their great-grandparents did a century ago. A. do the locals cherish; which B. do the locals cherish; as C. cherishes the locals; what D. cherishes the locals; where 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：当地人如此珍视这座小镇的传统饮食文化，以至于就连年轻一辈都坚持按照百年前曾祖辈的方式准备节日宴席。分析句子可知，to such a degree置于句首时句子应用部分倒装，主语locals 为复数用do；第二空为as引导方式状语从句，表示“如同……那样”，因此B项符合语法与语境。 26. Which of the following sentences is grammatically CORRECT? A. Only practicing every day can you improve your spoken English significantly. B. Only when the rain stopped did the rescue team managed to reach the remote village. C. Only those who have lived abroad for years truly understand what culture shock feels like. D. Only after he had signed the contract he realized that he had been deceived by the agent. 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：以下哪个句子的语法是正确的？在英语中only修饰状语或状语从句且置于句首时，主句需要部分倒装；only修饰句子主语置于句首时，不需要倒装。 A选项：only后直接接动名词作状语结构错误，缺少介词by，正确结构应为Only by practicing every day can you...，因此错误。 B选项：only修饰when引导的时间状语从句放句首，主句部分倒装提前助动词did后，谓语动词需要使用原形，本句误用过去式managed，语法错误。 D选项：only修饰after引导的时间状语从句且置于句首，主句需要部分倒装，本句未进行倒装，正确结构应为Only after he had signed the contract did he realize...，因此错误。 C选项中，only修饰句子主语those，who have lived abroad for years是定语从句修饰主语those，only修饰主语放句首不需要倒装，句子主干结构正确，what引导宾语从句作understand的宾语，整个句子语法完全正确。所以C选项句子的语法是正确的。 27. ________, Sir Francis Chichester finally sailed into Plymouth Harbor, where a crowd of thousands was waiting to welcome him. A. His voyage completed, his body worn out but his spirit unbroken B. His voyage was completed, his body was exhausted but his spirit was unbroken C. With his voyage completing, his body worn out but his spirit unbroken D. With his voyage completed, his body was exhausted but his spirit was unbroken 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：航行结束了，他身体疲惫但精神不倒，弗朗西斯·奇切斯特爵士最终驶入普利茅斯港，那里有成千上万的群众正等着欢迎他。分析句子结构可知，逗号后为完整的主句，逗号前若为完整的句子则必须有连词连接，否则会出现语法错误，故排除B、D项；选项C中voyage与complete之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词completed，故排除C项；选项A为三个并列的独立主格结构（名词+过去分词/形容词）作伴随状语，符合语法规则。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. rooted B. symbol C. unexpected D. tendency E. delicate F. escape G. endured H. identified I. transforming J. uncertain K. approaching More Than Flowers in the Hair When people first see the flower headdresses of Quanzhou, they may think of only one word: beauty. In the old streets of the city and the narrow lanes of Xunpu, bright flowers rest on the hair of women and girls, ____28____ ordinary life into something vivid and memorable. Yet to understand this tradition only as decoration is to understand very little. These flowers do not merely brighten the face; they carry memory, feeling, and a way of ____29____ the world. The custom of wearing flowers in the hair is deeply ____30____ in Chinese culture. It appears in classical art, including Tang Dynasty paintings in which women adorn themselves with flowers. What is striking in Quanzhou, however, is that this love of flowers did not remain inside paintings, or belong only to the wealthy. In Xunpu, a fishing village near Quanzhou, it ____31____ among ordinary women whose lives were shaped by the sea. There, flowers were not a distant ____32____ of elegance. They became part of daily life. From past to present, the women of Xunpu have always ____33____ flowers with the hope for happiness and good fortune. Elders placed floral headdresses on young girls before they went out, as if beauty itself might invite joyful things into life. Flowers appeared at festivals, weddings, and other important moments. The headdress, then, was never simply something to wear. It gave visible form to an invisible wish: that life, however ____34____, might still open toward joy. That wish becomes more moving when we remember what kind of lives these women lived. Xunpu women were known for their hard work. They fished, farmed oysters, gathered seafood on the tidal flats, managed the home, and supported the family. Against such a background, the flower headdress seems almost ____35____. Yet perhaps that is exactly why it matters. They did not choose flowers because life was easy. They chose flowers because life was hard. Beauty, in this context, was not a(an) ____36____ from reality, but a gesture of endurance. The flowers did not deny hardship; they answered it. Today, this old custom is entering a new phase of life. Visitors come not only to admire the headdresses, but to wear them and experience, celebrate and embrace the culture for themselves. The flower headdresses of Quanzhou are not only ornaments, but signs of memory, resilience, and identity. ____37____ as they seem, what they carry is remarkably strong. 【答案】28. I 29. K 30. A 31. G 32. B 33. H 34. J 35. C 36. F 37. E 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了泉州蟳埔女性佩戴簪花头饰的传统，揭示了这一习俗远超越外在的装饰美，它是普通劳动女性在艰辛生活中，用以表达幸福期盼、坚韧精神并构建身份认同的一种生活哲学。 【28题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在古城的旧街和蟳埔的窄巷里，鲜艳的花朵点缀在妇女和女孩的发间，将平凡生活转变为生动而难忘的事物。句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语，结合“ordinary life into something vivid and memorable”可推知，I项transforming“转化，转变”符合题意，构成固定短语transform...into…“将……转变为……”，作状语，表示“将平凡生活转变为生动而难忘的事物”。 【29题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些花朵不仅点亮面容；它们承载着记忆、情感与一种对待世界的方式。空处作of的宾语，结合“a way of”和“the world”可推知，K项approaching“对付，处理”符合题意，表示“一种对待世界的方式”。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：簪花的习俗深植于中国文化之中。空处和is构成谓语，结合下一句中的“It appears in classical art, including Tang Dynasty paintings”可推知，A项rooted“在……中根深蒂固”符合题意，构成固定短语be rooted in“根植于”，表示“深植于中国文化之中”。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：在泉州附近的渔村蟳埔，它在生活深受海洋影响的普通女性中延续了下来。空处作谓语，主语指代上一句中的this love of flowers，结合“among ordinary women”可推知，G项endured“持续存在，持久”符合题意，表示“在普通女性中延续了下来”。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：在那里，鲜花并非遥远的优雅象征。空处作表语，被distant修饰，结合下一句“They became part of daily life.”可推知，B项symbol“象征”符合题意，表示“遥远的优雅象征”。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：从过去到现在，蟳埔女性始终将鲜花与对幸福和好运的期盼联系在一起。空处和have构成谓语，结合“flowers with the hope for happiness and good fortune”可推知，H项identified“认为……与……有紧密联系”符合题意，构成固定短语identify…with…“将……和……联系在一起”，表示“将鲜花与对幸福和好运的期盼联系在一起”。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它让无形的愿望有了可见的形态：无论生活多么不确定，仍可向喜悦敞开。空处和however构成让步状语从句，为省略形式，被省略的是it is，结合“might still open toward joy”可推知，J项uncertain“不确定的”符合题意，表示“无论生活多么不确定”。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在这样的背景下，簪花头饰几乎显得出人意料。空处作表语，结合上一句“They fished, farmed oysters, gathered seafood on the tidal flats, managed the home, and supported the family.”可推知，C项unexpected“出人意料的”符合题意，凸显反差。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：在此语境下，美不是对现实的逃避，而是一种坚韧的姿态。空处作表语，结合上一句“They chose flowers because life was hard.”可推知，F项escape“逃避”符合题意，表示“不是对现实的逃避”。 【37题详解】 考查形容词。句意：尽管它们看似脆弱，所承载的却异常强大。空处作表语，结合as表达的让步含义以及“what they carry is remarkably strong”可推知，E项delicate“脆弱的”符合题意，表示“看似脆弱”。 Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Going Against the Cashless Wave Do we still need cash? The prevalence of new electronic devices is set to revolutionize how we make payments. With a click of a mobile-phone app, our entire wealth is literally at our fingertips. Invisible networks manage the flow of transactions, permanently ____38____ the payment landscape. ____39____, some think that we should become fully cash-free. However, I don’t believe we should move towards a completely cash-free society. The primary concern is the risk of fraud and the ____40____ that follows. The instant satisfaction that accompanies cashless transactions could be weakened by online ____41____ issues. Technology experts argue that our current state of technology finds it difficult to discourage hostile individuals or groups from ____42____ the system illegally and abusing the personal data. Many online shopping sites lack strong deterrence (威慑) systems that would protect their clients’ privacy. Occasionally, when an account is locked due to an illegal activity detected by security systems, having cash in hand becomes ____43____. Another reason we should not move towards becoming completely cashless is that mankind might potentially become less thrifty (节约的). Numerous studies have suggested that giving out cash for purchases imposes a psychological ____44____ on consumers so that they are more cautious in their spending. As it is, the cashless wave has already eased that discomfort of making purchases with ____45____ notes. Thus, it will be logical to assume that digital payment could make us much ____46____ in purchase. Advocates of a cashless society argue that cash-free transactions will potentially reduce ____47____ in society by making financial transactions more transparent and reducing corruption. However, despite this ____48____, we cannot choose to ignore that a large proportion of poor people depend on cash to buy everyday goods that are priced at ____49____ amounts. It does not make economic sense to host these minute transactions on a network. ____50____, financial institutions may put a cap on free transactions and charge the users for the services nonetheless. When viewed in totality, being cashless may not be as advantageous to the ____51____ as it is made out to be. The idea of going completely cashless is a very real, even an exciting, one. However, to safeguard the interests of all users, it is better to ____52____ our enthusiasm — perhaps to be a less-cash society is a more feasible and sensible option. 38. A. upsetting B. altering C. abandoning D. preserving 39. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Still 40. A. indifference B. inconvenience C. intolerance D. incompetence 41. A. technology B. copyright C. morality D. security 42. A. breaking up B. breaking into C. breaking off D. breaking down 43. A. troublesome B. critical C. vulnerable D. energizing 44. A. duty B. tax C. pain D. ban 45. A. mutual B. physical C. mental D. identical 46. A. bolder B. tenser C. more careful D. more economical 47. A. inefficiency B. misunderstanding C. poverty D. inequality 48. A. drawback B. reality C. promise D. dilemma 49. A. unaffordable B. tiny C. considerable D. varied 50. A. By contrast B. In addition C. For example D. As a result 51. A. elderly B. disabled C. wealthy D. needy 52. A. extinguish B. preserve C. dampen D. fuel 【答案】38. B 39. C 40. B 41. D 42. B 43. B 44. C 45. B 46. A 47. D 48. C 49. B 50. B 51. D 52. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者认为不应走向完全无现金社会，主要基于欺诈风险、消费心理变化以及对低收入群体的影响等考量，主张“减少现金”而非“无现金”是更可行的选择。 【38题详解】 考查动词。句意：无形的网络管理着交易流动，永久改变着支付格局。A. upsetting打乱；B. altering改变；C. abandoning放弃；D. preserving保护。根据上文“revolutionize how we make payments”以及“With a click of a mobile-phone app, our entire wealth is literally at our fingertips. Invisible networks manage the flow of transactions”可知，这些变化正在“改变”支付格局。 【39题详解】 考查副词。句意：因此，一些人认为我们应该完全实现无现金化。A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Still仍然。上文“The prevalence of new electronic devices is set to revolutionize how we make payments. Invisible networks manage the flow of transactions, permanently the payment landscape.”描述了电子支付带来的变革，下文“some think that we should become fully cash-free”是据此得出的结论，两者为因果关系可知，此处表示“因此”。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：主要的担忧是欺诈风险以及随之而来的麻烦。A. indifference漠不关心；B. inconvenience不便，麻烦；C. intolerance不容忍；D. incompetence无能。根据下文“The instant satisfaction that accompanies cashless transactions could be weakened”和“Technology experts argue that our current state of technology finds it difficult to discourage hostile individuals”可知，无现金化会导致诸多“麻烦”。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：伴随无现金交易而来的即时满足感可能会被网络安全问题削弱。A. technology技术；B. copyright版权；C. morality道德；D. security安全。根据上文“risk of fraud”以及下文“Technology experts argue that our current state of technology finds it difficult to discourage hostile individuals or groups from the system illegally and abusing the personal data.”可知，这里指的是网络“安全”问题。 【42题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：技术专家认为，我们目前的技术状况难以阻止敌对个人或团体非法侵入系统并滥用个人数据。A. breaking up打碎；B. breaking into闯入，侵入；C. breaking off中断；D. breaking down崩溃。根据下文“the system illegally and abusing the personal data”可知，敌对个人或团体会“侵入”系统，并滥用个人数据。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：偶尔，当安全系统检测到非法活动而锁定账户时，手头有现金就变得至关重要了。A. troublesome麻烦的；B. critical至关重要的；C. vulnerable脆弱的；D. energizing充满活力的。根据上文“Occasionally, when an account is locked due to an illegal activity detected by security systems”可知，在电子支付无法使用的情境，现金就变得“至关重要”。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：大量研究表明，用现金支付会给消费者带来心理上的痛苦，使他们在消费时更加谨慎。A. duty职责；B. tax税；C. pain痛苦；D. ban禁令。根据下文“so that they are more cautious in their spending”以及现金支付让人更谨慎可知，现金支付会带来心理“痛苦”。 【45题详解】 考查形容词。句意：事实上，无现金浪潮已经缓解了用实体纸币支付带来的那种不适感。A. mutual相互的；B. physical实体的；C. mental精神的；D. identical相同的。根据下文“notes”和常识可知，纸币是“实体的”。 【46题详解】 考查形容词。句意：因此，可以合理地假设，数字支付可能会让我们在购物时更加大胆。A. bolder更大胆的；B. tenser更紧张的；C. more careful更小心的；D. more economical更节约的。根据上文“the cashless wave has already eased that discomfort of making purchases with notes”可知，数字支付缓解了支付时的心理不适感，而现金支付让人更谨慎，因此数字支付会让人“更大胆”。 【47题详解】 考查名词。句意：无现金社会的倡导者认为，无现金交易可以使金融交易更加透明、减少腐败，从而可能减少社会中的不平等。A. inefficiency低效；B. misunderstanding误解；C. poverty贫困；D. inequality不平等。根据下文“making financial transactions more transparent and reducing corruption”可知，这些措施使金融交易更加透明、减少腐败，有助于减少社会的“不平等”。 【48题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，尽管有这样的前景，我们不能忽视的是，很大一部分贫困人口依赖现金购买标有小额价格的日常用品。A. drawback缺点；B. reality现实；C. promise前景，承诺；D. dilemma困境。根据上文“Advocates of a cashless society argue that cash-free transactions will potentially reduce in society by making financial transactions more transparent and reducing corruption.”可知，这里先承认了无现金化的“前景”。 【49题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，尽管有这样的前景，我们不能忽视的是，很大一部分贫困人口依赖现金购买标有小额价格的日常用品。A. unaffordable负担不起的；B. tiny微小的；C. considerable相当大的；D. varied多样的。根据上文“buy everyday goods”和下文“It does not make economic sense to host these minute transactions on a network.”可知，这里说的贫困人口的日常“微小”交易金额。 【50题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：此外，金融机构可能会对免费交易设定上限，并向用户收取服务费。A. By contrast相比之下；B. In addition此外；C. For example例如；D. As a result因此。上文“a large proportion of poor people depend on cash to buy everyday goods that are priced at amounts. It does not make economic sense to host these minute transactions on a network.”说明了无现金化会对贫困人群造成影响，下文“financial institutions may put a cap on free transactions and charge the users for the services”补充了另一个不利因素，两者为递进关系可知，此处表示“此外”。 【51题详解】 考查形容词。句意：从整体来看，无现金化对贫困人群可能并不像人们所说的那样有利。A. elderly年长的；B. disabled残疾的；C. wealthy富有的；D. needy贫困的。根据上文“a large proportion of poor people”可知，这里讨论的是对“贫困人群”的影响。 【52题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，为了保护所有用户的利益，最好还是抑制我们的热情——或许“减少现金社会”是更可行、更明智的选择。A. extinguish熄灭；B. preserve保护；C. dampen抑制；D. fuel助长。根据下文“perhaps to be a less-cash society is a more feasible and sensible option”可知，作者认为“减少现金社会”是更可行、更明智的选择，所以建议要“抑制”完全无现金的热情。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Last October I was on a diving holiday in the Philippines with seven other advanced divers. I dived off the boat slowly sinking to about 20m. After nearly 45 minutes, the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine and I felt deep powerful vibrations(震动) as if a big boat with a propeller was passing overhead. The dive instructor’s eyes were wide with confusion too. We both swam next to each other staying close to the side of the reef(礁石). The situation felt sinister. Then we were enveloped by clouds of white sand that mushmoomed up around us. Could it be a giant turtle(海龟) racing past us? They are normally slow movers so this was very weird behavior. The vibration became so intense that I could feel it in my bones and then the sound turned into a deafening roar. Suddenly, a few meters below us, breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down. That’s when I got what it was. The noise was the sound of the earth splintering open and grinding against itself. The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other’s eyes. I felt comforted by his presence. I was numb(麻木的) for terror but clear-headed. My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I have no power over whatever this is. The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever its going to do. It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending. Soon we saw other divers. The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes and when they stopped I heard the swoosh of sand falling over the seabed. We all held hands before resurfacing to avoid decompression sickness, which can be fatal. When up, it was a huge relief to see all the divers and we all shared incredulous looks before pulling out our breathing tools and shouting, ”What was that?” Back on the boat, we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnessed a huge earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale. It released more energy than 30 Hiroshima bombs, though it seemed that we were not at the epicenter(震中). I was high and felt lucky surprisingly not because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening. 53. How did the author realize that they met with an earthquake? A. By feeling the violent shake under the sea. B. By witnessing a normally-slow turtle quickly moving by. C. By seeing the seafloor crack. D. By checking the news and be informed of the event. 54. Why didn’t the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped? A. Because the instructor gestured him not to rise. B. Because he was numb in body. C. Because he could sense the unclear water situation. D. Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above. 55. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. At the beginning of the event, a big boat passed by causing big vibration. B. All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration. C. I felt relieved as the instructor was experienced in handling situations like this. D. Powerless to fight nature, I was tame when under the water. 56. Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat? A. Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake. B. Because he finally survived a huge earthquake. C. Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon. D. Because he didn’t suffer from decompression sickness. 【答案】53. C 54. D 55. D 56. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在潜水时亲眼目睹了一次大地震发生的经历。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Suddenly, a few meters below us, breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down. That’s when I got what it was. The noise was the sound of the earth splintering open and grinding against itself.”可知，突然，在我们下面几米处，断裂开始形成，沙子被吸走了，就在那时我明白了那声音是大地裂开的声音，也就是海底的裂缝让作者意识到发生了地震，故C项正确。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending.”可知，需要巨大的意志力来抵抗游到水面的冲动，这是不明智的，因为当时的水面情况模棱两可，潜在的威胁悬而未决，由此可知，作者没有在震动停止前浮出水面是因为他试图避免上面的意外危险，故D项正确。 【55题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I have no power over whatever this is.”可知，作者的身体处于高度戒备状态，随时准备做出反应。但他没有权力管这是什么，再结合第五段中的“The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever its going to do.”可知，唯一的选择就是呆在那里不动，任凭地震发生，言外之意，面对地震的发生，只能听天由命，由此可知，作者无力与大自然抗争，只能在水下不动，故D项正确。 【56题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I was high and felt lucky surprisingly not because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening.”可知，作者在船上感到很幸运不是因为他奇迹般地幸存，而是经历了大自然最惊人和最可怕的灾害，也就是亲眼目睹了一种罕见的自然现象——地震，故C项正确。 (B) Behavior Under Risk: How Animals Avoid Becoming Dinner By: Renee L. Rosier & Tracy Langkilde © 2021 Nature Education Most animals face the risk of being eaten. To avoid becoming someone’s dinner, an organism must be able to identify predatory threats and employ effective strategies to avoid detection by predators. In the event that avoidance fails, animals can use strategies that will increase their chances of surviving attack if they do encounter predators. Detecting predators a. Visual — Many animals respond to general visual cues, such as the presence of a new object or sudden movement. Other visual cues, including an animal’s size and behavior, can provide specific information about the identity and intention of a potential predator. For example, prey may be able to visually identify a predator based on its shape, size, and color, and can use the predator’s behavior to determine the immediate threat that it poses. b. Auditory — Auditory cues can provide reliable, direct information about a predator’s presence, identity. These cues are especially helpful for nocturnal prey species or animals that avoid predators that frequently use sound to hunt or communicate. For example, toadfish recognize sound of dolphins when they are looking for food, one of their main predators, and reduce their activity levels in response. c. Chemical — Chemical cues can be present in the air, in water, or on the ground, and can be detected by prey through olfaction and gustation, providing a reliable indication of a predator’s presence even if it is visually undetectable. Some species are even able to determine how old a predator scent is, and will avoid only fresh scent cues as they indicate a predator’s recent presence. Animals can also use changes in the concentration or age of a scent to determine which direction a predator was traveling, in order to better avoid it. d. Vibration — Vibration cues can provide useful information about a predator’s presence, and can be difficult for predators to conceal. Many animals, including some spiders, caterpillars, and tadpoles, use vibrations as indicators of predator presence, and can distinguish vibrations made by predators, non-predators, and abiotic cues (such as rainfall). It is important for prey to be able to distinguish cues from threats versus non-threats, as responding to every tactile stimulus would waste time and energy, and may actually attract the attention of predators. 57. Which of the following cue can best be used to detect the direction of predators at night? A. Visual. B. Auditory. C. Chemical. D. Vibration. 58. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Visual cues can be used as an indication of predators’ intention. B. Chemical cues fail to function if the predators are out of sight. C. Auditory cues help prey to figure out what kind of predators they meet. D. Vibration cues are reliable as predators can hardly stop vibrating. 59. Which of the following topic might be talked about in the following paragraphs? A. Surviving Encounters with Predators. B. Effective Ways to Find out Predators. C. Distinct Characteristics of Predators. D. Prey species and their behaviors. 【答案】57. C 58. B 59. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个可以探测捕食者的线索。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Chemical cues can be present in the air, in water, or on the ground, and can be detected by prey through olfaction and gustation, providing a reliable indication of a predator’s presence even if it is visually undetectable.Animals can also use changes in the concentration or age of a scent to determine which direction a predator was traveling, in order to better avoid it.(化学线索可以存在于空气中、水中或地面上，可以被猎物通过嗅觉和味觉探测到，为捕食者的存在提供可靠的指示，即使视觉上无法探测到。动物还可以通过气味浓度或气味年代的变化来判断捕食者的行进方向，以便更好地避开它)”可知，化学最适合用来探测夜间捕食者的方向。故选C。 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Chemical cues can be present in the air, in water, or on the ground, and can be detected by prey through olfaction and gustation, providing a reliable indication of a predator’s presence even if it is visually undetectable.(化学线索可以存在于空气中、水中或地面上，可以被猎物通过嗅觉和味觉探测到，为捕食者的存在提供可靠的指示，即使视觉上无法探测到)”可知，B选项“如果捕食者不在视线范围内，化学线索就不起作用”不正确。故选B。 【59题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Most animals face the risk of being eaten. To avoid becoming someone’s dinner, an organism must be able to identify predatory threats and employ effective strategies to avoid detection by predators. In the event that avoidance fails, animals can use strategies that will increase their chances of surviving attack if they do encounter predators.(大多数动物都面临被吃掉的风险。为了避免成为别人的晚餐，生物必须能够识别掠食性威胁，并采用有效的策略来避免被掠食者发现。在逃避失败的情况下，如果遇到捕食者，动物可以使用增加生存几率的策略)”可推知，接下来可能会讨论“在遭遇捕食者时如何生存”。故选A。 (C) Though the spread of good reproduction (复制品) of works of art can be culturally valuable, museums continue to promote the special status of original work and highlight the authenticity (真实) of its exhibits. Unfortunately, this seems to place severe limitations on the kind of experience offered to visitors. One limitation is related to the way the museum presents its exhibits. Art museums are often called “treasure houses”. We are reminded of this even before we view a collection by the presence of security guards who keep us away from the exhibits. In addition, a major collection like that of London’s National Gallery is housed in numerous rooms, where a single piece of work is likely to be worth more than all the average visitor possesses. In a society that judges the personal status of the individual so much by their material worth, it is therefore difficult not to be impressed by one’s own relative “worthlessness” in such an environment. Furthermore, consideration of the “value” of the original work in its treasure house setting impresses upon the viewer that since these works were originally produced, they have been assigned a huge value in terms of money by some person or institution more powerful than themselves. Evidently, nothing the viewer thinks about the work is going to alter that value, and so today’s viewer is discouraged from trying to extend that spontaneous, immediate, self-reliant kind of interpretation which would originally have met the work. The visitor may then be struck by the strangeness of seeing such a variety of paintings, drawings and sculptures brought together in an environment for which they were not originally created. This “displacement effect” is further heightened by the huge volume of exhibits. In the case of a major collection, there are probably more works on display than we could realistically view in weeks or even months. This is particularly distressing because time seems to be a vital factor in the appreciation of all art forms. A fundamental difference between paintings and other art forms is that there is no prescribed time over which a painting is viewed. Operas, novels and poems are read in a prescribed time sequence, whereas a picture has no clear place at which to start viewing, or at which to finish. Thus art works themselves encourage us to view them superficially, without appreciating the richness of detail and labor that is involved. Consequently, the dominant critical approach becomes that of the art historian, a specialized academic approach devoted to “discovering the meaning” of art within the cultural context of its time. This is in harmony with the museum’s function, since the approach is dedicated to seeking out and conserving “authentic”, “original” readings of the exhibits. 60. The writer mentions London’s National Gallery to illustrate ______. A. the undesirable cost to a nation of maintaining a huge collection of art B. the conflict that may arise in society between financial and artistic values C. the negative effect a museum can have on visitors’ opinion of themselves D. the need to put individual well-being above large-scale artistic schemes 61. The writer says that today viewers may be unwilling to criticize a work because they ______. A. lack the knowledge needed B. fear it may have financial implications C. have no real concept of the work’s value D. feel their personal reaction is of no significance 62. The writer says that unlike other forms of art, the appreciation of a painting does not ______. A. involve direct contact with an audience B. require a specific location for performance C. need the involvement of other professionals D. call for a specific beginning or ending 63. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Original work: killer of artistic appreciation B. Original work: reduction to value of art works C. Original work: substitute for reproduction D. Original work: art historians’ bread and butter 【答案】60. C 61. D 62. D 63. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了博物馆一直强调的艺术作品的原作实际上限制了人们对艺术作品的欣赏。 【60题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In a society that judges the personal status of the individual so much by their material worth, it is therefore difficult not to be impressed by one’s own relative “worthlessness” in such an environment.”可知，在一个以物质价值来衡量个人地位的社会里，这种做法让人们很难不对自己的价值留下深刻印象，由此可知，作者提到伦敦国家美术馆是为了说明一个博物馆对游客自我评价的负面影响，故C项正确。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Evidently, nothing the viewer thinks about the work is going to alter that value, and so today’s viewer is discouraged from trying to extend that spontaneous, immediate, self-reliant kind of interpretation which would originally have met the work.”可知，显然，观看者对作品的任何思考都不会改变这种价值，因此，今天的观看者不愿尝试去扩展那种自发的、直接的、自力更生的解释，而这种解释本来是可以满足作品的，由此可知，作者说今天的观众可能不愿意批评一部作品，是因为他们觉得自己的个人反应无关紧要，故D项正确。 【62题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“A fundamental difference between paintings and other art forms is that there is no prescribed time over which a painting is viewed. Operas, novels and poems are read in a prescribed time sequence, whereas a picture has no clear place at which to start viewing, or at which to finish.”可知，绘画和其他艺术形式的一个根本区别是，没有规定的时间来观看，歌剧、小说和诗歌是按规定的时间顺序阅读的，而绘画没有明确的开始观看或结束的地点，由此可知，与其他艺术形式不同，欣赏绘画并不需要一个特定的开始或结束，故D项正确。 【63题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“museums continue to promote the special status of original work and highlight the authenticity (真实) of its exhibits. Unfortunately, this seems to place severe limitations on the kind of experience offered to visitors.”可知，博物馆仍在继续宣传艺术作品原作的特殊地位，并强调其展品的真实性，不幸的是，这似乎严重限制了游客的体验，也就是说本文主要介绍的是艺术作品的原作实际上限制了人们对艺术作品的欣赏，故A项（原作：艺术欣赏的杀手）适合做文章标题。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. What we can learn from European dog culture In Europe, dogs tend to be welcome in most public spaces and they are calm, relaxed and quiet there. In the United States, however, pet dogs aren’t welcome in most public spaces, and often struggle in the public places where they are allowed. Dogs are dogs no matter where they are born. ____64____ But dog behavior isn’t all about the dogs. A lot of it has to do with us. As big as the differences might be between the behavior of American dogs and European dogs, there are even bigger differences in how Americans relate to dogs we encounter in public. Our behavior has a lot to do with why our dogs might have more behavioral challenges, and the good news is there’s something we can do about it. Give your dog some space. One small thing that we can do and that will have a big impact on our dogs is to admire them from a distance instead of getting in their face. Your dog might like you and your family, might even like your friends. ____65____ Set proper boundaries. When people think about boundaries and dog training, they generally assume we’re talking about the dog. But most of the time, the main problem is people. ____66____ Zazie Todd, a professional dog trainer, said that “people tend to assume that dogs are sociable and friendly, and don’t necessarily consider if a dog wants affection from them at a particular moment in time.” Embrace positive training methods. The way we teach our dogs has a substantial impact on their quality of life and adaptability to new situations. Dog training takes time, and dogs learn best when we use positive reward-based training methods that gently help and encourage dogs by rewarding good behavior. No matter where we live, we can all be a little more thoughtful about how we engage with the dogs we encounter. ____67____ If you have a dog, you can help it out by being its advocate and reminding people you encounter your dog isn’t a walking stuffed animal. A. Many dog owners use a mix of methods, and dog training is not regulated. B. But that doesn’t mean he or she wants every stranger to run up and give a hug. C. To be seen as neighborly, people routinely put their dogs into stressful social situations. D. Ask before greeting, instead of assuming that all dogs want to or will be comfortable interacting with strangers. E. The differences in behavior often come down to an individual dog’s temperament as well as socialization and training received as a puppy. F. To set up our dogs to succeed, we need to not put them in uncomfortable situations, whether out in the world or at home with guests and family. 【答案】64. E 65. B 66. C 67. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要对比了欧洲和美国不同的养狗文化，指出狗的行为差异与人的行为密切相关，并提出了改善人与狗互动的建议。 【64题详解】 上文“Dogs are dogs no matter where they are born.(无论出生在哪里，狗都是狗)”指出狗的先天本质相同，E选项“The differences in behavior often come down to an individual dog’s temperament as well as socialization and training received as a puppy.(行为上的差异通常归结为个体狗的气质以及幼年时接受的社会化和训练)”承接上文，解释了导致行为差异的具体原因——个体气质和后天训练；下文“But dog behavior isn’t all about the dogs. A lot of it has to do with us.(但狗的行为并不全在狗本身，很大程度上与我们有关)”进一步强调人的因素也至关重要，上下文逻辑连贯。 【65题详解】 上文“Your dog might like you and your family, might even like your friends.(你的狗可能喜欢你及你的家人，甚至可能喜欢你的朋友)”指出狗对熟悉的人有好感，B选项“But that doesn’t mean he or she wants every stranger to run up and give a hug.(但这并不意味着它希望每个陌生人都冲上来给它一个拥抱)”与上文构成转折关系，指出狗喜欢熟悉的人不等于也喜欢陌生人的过度亲密；与本段主题是“Give your dog some space(给狗一些空间)”相照应，B选项中的“run up and give a hug”正是侵扰狗空间的行为，上下文逻辑连贯。 【66题详解】 上文“When people think about boundaries and dog training, they generally assume we’re talking about the dog. But most of the time, the main problem is people.(当人们想到界限和狗的训练时，通常以为我们谈论的是狗。但大多数时候，主要问题在于人)”指出问题的核心在人而非狗，C选项“To be seen as neighborly, people routinely put their dogs into stressful social situations.(为了显得友善，人们通常会把自己的狗置于有压力的社交场合中)”承接上文，具体说明了人们如何错误地把狗推向不适情境；下文“Zazie Todd...said that “people tend to assume that dogs are sociable and friendly, and don’t necessarily consider if a dog wants affection from them at a particular moment in time.”(扎齐·托德……说：“人们往往认为狗是善于社交和友好的，却不一定会考虑在某一个特定时刻，狗是否想要得到他们的爱抚。”)”引述专家观点，进一步解释人们之所以把狗置于压力情境的原因——误以为狗随时都渴望互动，上下文逻辑连贯。 【67题详解】 上文“No matter where we live, we can all be a little more thoughtful about how we engage with the dogs we encounter.(无论我们住在哪里，我们都可以在与所遇到的狗互动时更加体贴一些)”提出要与狗更体贴地互动，D选项“Ask before greeting, instead of assuming that all dogs want to or will be comfortable interacting with strangers.(在问候之前先询问，而不是假设所有的狗都愿意或能够舒适地与陌生人互动)”承接上文，提出了具体的互动原则——先问后行动；下文“If you have a dog, you can help it out by being its advocate and reminding people you encounter your dog isn’t a walking stuffed animal.(如果你养狗，你可以成为它的代言人，提醒你遇到的人你的狗不是一个行走的毛绒玩具)”具体说明了养狗者可以如何帮助自己的狗，与D选项中的“ask before greeting”逻辑一致。 Ⅲ. Productive Grammar (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Safe Haven on the Roof of the World Home to iconic species, including snow leopards, Tibetan foxes, black-necked cranes, Chinese mountain cats, and Himalayan vultures, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Wildlife Park, covering 900 hectares, is the sole and highest-altitude comprehensive wildlife park on the elevated plain. The park in Xining city, Qinghai Province, ____68____ (rescue) over 1,600 wild animals of more than 40 species over the years. Nearly half, after being nursed back to health and health evaluation, have been released into wild while ____69____ unable to survive in the wild due to illness or age have found a new home in the park. This ethical approach distinguishes the park from other traditional zoos, which prioritize ____70____ (keep) animals for display. Investing heavily in creating naturalistic habitats ____71____ (intend) to mimic the animals’ native environment as closely as possible, the park ensures that even captive residents experience psychological well-being. The animals that stay even have their names and devoted fans. Consider the celebrated snow leopard “Ling Xiaozhe.” When it was found ____72____ (die) in the wild, its rescue story went viral online. Millions of viewers watched its daily recovery updates, and it quickly became a beloved star with a loyal fan base following its every move on social media. ____73____ being mere entertainment, such animals become ambassadors for their wild counterparts, raising public awareness about the fragile plateau ecosystem. However, what makes this work remarkable is the environment. At altitudes approaching 4,500 meters, the air is thin, winters are brutal, and resources are scarce. ____74____ every rescue operation demands extreme physical endurance, the team perseveres, driven by a philosophy clearly stated by veteran rescuer Qi Xinzhang: “The motivation ____75____ (reintroduce) rescued animals into their ancestral ranges keeps us going despite the harsh conditions.” In an era of rapid climate change and habitat loss, the park offers a modest but powerful model ____76____ technology, compassion, and respect for wildness work together. Also, the snow leopard’s story serves as a reminder ____77____ conservation is not about control but about coexistence. 【答案】68. has rescued 69. those 70. keeping 71. intended 72. dying 73. Beyond 74. Although##Though##While 75. to reintroduce 76. where 77. that 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了青藏高原野生动物园救助野生动物并将其放归自然的理念，以及在高寒艰苦环境下工作人员守护脆弱生态系统的感人事迹。 【68题详解】 考查时态。句意：位于青海省西宁市的该公园多年来已救助了超过40个物种的1600多只野生动物。rescue(救助)是谓语动词，与主语The park之间是主动关系；结合时间状语over the years可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时，主语是单数名词，谓语用单数形式has rescued。 【69题详解】 考查代词。句意：其中近一半在康复和健康评估后被放归野外，而那些因疾病或年龄无法在野外生存的动物则在公园里找到了新家。此处作分句主语，与“Nearly half”形成对比，指代“那些无法在野外生存的动物”，应用代词those。 【70题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种伦理方法使该公园区别于其他传统动物园，传统动物园优先考虑圈养动物以供展示。prioritize doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“优先做某事”，用动名词keeping作宾语。 【71题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园投入大量资金创造自然栖息地，旨在尽可能模仿动物的原生环境，确保即使是圈养的居民也能体验到心理健康。此处作后置定语，intend(打算；计划)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语the park之间是被动关系，即“自然栖息地被计划用来……”，应用过去分词表被动。 【72题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当它在野外被发现奄奄一息时，它的获救故事在网上疯传。find sb./sth. + adj.为固定结构，用形容词dying(奄奄一息的，垂死的)作宾语补足语。 【73题详解】 考查介词。句意：这些动物不仅仅是娱乐，它们还成为了野生同类的大使，提高了公众对脆弱的高原生态系统的认识。根据“such animals become ambassadors for their wild counterparts”可知，这些动物超越了单纯的娱乐功能；用介词beyond(超越，不只是)构成介词短语作状语；句首单词首字母大写。 【74题详解】 考查连词。句意：尽管每次救援行动都需要极大的身体耐力，但团队仍然坚持不懈。前后句之间为让步转折关系，表示“尽管，虽然”，应用从属连词although/though/while引导让步状语从句；句首单词首字母大写。 【75题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：将被救助动物重新放归其祖先栖息地的动力让我们在恶劣条件下坚持下去。名词motivation后常接不定式作后置定语，表示“……的动力”。 【76题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：该公园提供了一个适度但强大的模式，在这个模式中，技术、同情心和对野生环境的尊重共同发挥作用。此处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a modest but powerful model，关系词在从句中作抽象的地点状语，表示“在这个模式中”，应用关系副词where引导该从句。 【77题详解】 考查连接词。句意：雪豹的故事也提醒我们，保护不是关于控制，而是关于共存。此处为同位语从句，解释名词reminder的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，应用连接词that引导。 Ⅳ. Translation (15分 3+3+4+5) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 78. 只有通过保护濒危物种的栖息地，我们才能真正与地球上的生命和谐共处。（Only）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Only by protecting the habitats of endangered species can we truly live in harmony with all life on Earth. 【解析】 【详解】“只有”使用“only+状语​”结构，置于句首时，主句需采用部分倒装语序；“通过保护濒危物种的栖息地”可翻译为by protecting the habitats of endangered species，其中“保护”使用动名词protecting，作介词by​的宾语，“我们才能真正与地球上的生命和谐共处”中，“能够”译为 can，“真正地”译为 truly，“与……和谐共处”使用固定短语live in harmony with，“地球上的生命”译为all life on Earth。结合部分倒装规则，将情态动词can​ 提到主语we​之前。 79. 在文化交融的时代，越能欣赏多元艺术形式的人，越容易在中外文化碰撞中保持自信。（The more..., the more...）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In an era of cultural integration, the more diverse art forms one can appreciate, the more easily one can maintain confidence amid the collision between Chinese and foreign cultures. 【解析】 【详解】“在文化交融的时代”表达为in an era of cultural integration，位于句首，作状语；“越……，越……”表达为The more..., the more...；“越能欣赏多元艺术形式的人”表达为the more diverse art forms one can appreciate，句子描述目前事实，应用一般现在时；“越容易保持自信”表达为the more easily one can maintain confidence；“在中外文化碰撞中”表达为amid the collision between Chinese and foreign cultures，作状语。 80. 网络连接的问题在去年二月如此严重，以至于政府尝试升级该系统，让村民感到满意。（So）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 So serious was the problem of Internet connection last February that the government tried to upgrade the system to satisfy the villagers. 【解析】 【详解】表示“如此……以至于……”用so...that...引导结果状语从句。表示“网络连接的问题”用the problem of Internet connection，作主语。描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，be动词用was。表示“如此严重”用so serious，作表语。句子可用“表语+系动词+主语”形式的部分倒装，即So serious was the problem of Internet connection。表示“去年二月”用last February。表示“政府”用the government，作从句主语。表示“尝试升级该系统”用try to upgrade the system，谓语用过去式。表示“让村民感到满意”用satisfy the villagers，用不定式，作目的状语。 81. 面对海量的需求，社区食物银行仍决心为来自多种文化背景的居民提供可口的营养食物让每个独特的个体都能得到温暖与尊重。(multiple, treat) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Faced with multiple massive demands, the community food bank is still determined to provide delicious and nutritious food for residents from a variety of cultural backgrounds, ensuring every unique individual is treated with warmth and respect. 【解析】 【详解】“面对海量的需求”表达为faced with multiple massive demands，过去分词作状语，句首单词，首字母大写；“社区食物银行”表达为the community food bank，作主语；“仍”表达为still；“决心”表达为be determined to do，描述目前事实，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，be动词使用is；“为……提供可口的营养食物”表达为provide delicious and nutritious food for；“来自多种文化背景的居民”表达为residents from a variety of cultural backgrounds；“让……都能得到”表达为ensure，与主语是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，作状语，后接省略that的宾语从句；“每个独特的个体”表达为every unique individual；“得到温暖与尊重”表达为be treated with warmth and respect，描述事实，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，be动词使用is。 Ⅴ. Guided Writing (8分) 82. Directions: Write an English composition in 50-80 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 如今，外卖(takeout/delivery food)已成为许多高中生生活的一部分。有人认为它有很多好处，也有人担心它带来一系列问题。请针对这一现象，写出一段议论文主体段落。 写作要求： 1)请针对这一看法写出你观点； 2)观点需明确(赞同或反对)。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Admittedly, takeout food offers undeniable convenience for busy high school students, saving valuable time for study. However, I firmly believe its drawbacks are more concerning. Firstly, many delivery options are high in fat and salt, posing serious health risks like obesity. Furthermore, the reliance on takeout contributes to excessive plastic waste, harming the environment. It can also foster laziness and unhealthy eating habits. Therefore, while a convenient option, students should limit their dependence on takeout for their long-term well-being. 【解析】 【导语】本题要求考生针对高中生点外卖这一现象阐述自己的看法。考生需明确表达支持或反对的立场，并给出理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 不可否认的：undeniable → unquestionable/indisputable 依赖：reliance → dependence 导致，造成：contribute to → lead to/result in 选择：option → choice 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：Furthermore, the reliance on takeout contributes to excessive plastic waste, harming the environment. It can also foster laziness and unhealthy eating habits. 拓展句：Furthermore, the reliance on takeout not only contributes to excessive plastic waste, which harms the environment, but also fosters laziness and unhealthy eating habits. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Admittedly, takeout food offers undeniable convenience for busy high school students, saving valuable time for study. (运用了现在分词作结果状语) [高分句型2] Therefore, while a convenient option, students should limit their dependence on takeout for their long-term well-being. (运用了while引导的让步状语从句的省略形式) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2025学年第二学期 高一年级英语学科期中考试试卷 Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary (37分) Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. Zhang Xiaofeng, an independent market analyst, said that almost all market players ________ great importance on safety. Which of the following is IMPROPER? A. put B. lay C. place D. attach 2. Fearing that automation might replace human workers, many traditional industries are reluctant to ________ new technologies. A. exclude B. embrace C. include D. encounter 3. Before you start cooking, make sure you have all the ________ ready on the kitchen counter, including vegetables, spices, and meat. A. utensils B. ingredients C. recipes D. nutrients 4. After seeing a sharp increase in demand for its electric vehicles, the company decided to ________ production to meet customer orders. A. scale up B. lay off C. turn over D. point out 5. The new wildlife protection law imposes stricter penalties ________ poaching, including heavier fines and longer prison sentences. A. in contrast to B. in favor of C. in charge of D. in relation to 6. The laboratory is known for its ________ instrument, which took over a decade to build and can analyze samples with atomic-level precision. A. elaborate B. deliberate C. delicate D. culinary 7. After winning her third Olympic gold medal, the legendary swimmer decided to ________ from competitive swimming and focus on coaching young athletes. A. rise B. release C. retire D. remove 8. In Shanghai, spring is ________ the season when flowers bloom and temperatures begin to rise, but this year an unexpected cold snap delayed the process by nearly three weeks. A. exclusively B. typically C. slightly D. definitely 9. After receiving over 200 complaints about batteries overheating, the electronics company was forced to ________ nearly 50,000 units of its flagship smartphone. A. recall B. recycle C. reunite D. replicate 10. The abandoned factory, with its rusty pipes and crumbling walls, ________ to collapse after years of neglect, posing a serious danger to nearby residents. A. attempts B. intends C. pretends D. threatens 11. In case of being late, the sleepy student ________ a protein bar from his backpack, stuck it between his teeth, and dashed out of the dormitory. A. dragged B. seized C. grabbed D. packed 12. The newly built highway stop offers fancy ________ for travelers, featuring EV charging stations, pet rest areas, as well as restrooms fully ________ to people with disabilities. A. facilities; accessible B. establishments; accessible C. establishments; affordable D. facilities; affordable 13. To ________ the ancient manuscripts, Shanghai museum strictly controls the temperature and humidity, while also ________ a special section for the most fragile documents. A. preserve; maintaining B. preserve; reserving C. reserve; preserving D. reserve; conserving 14. With a timely joke, the teacher could ________ the class’s attention back to the lesson with ease; humor was her best ________ for calming them down. A. steer; device B. conquer; means C. steer; means D. conquer; device 15. ________ a financial crisis, the century-old restaurant immediately set out ________ multiple measures, turning things around. A. Running into; implementing B. Running into; to implement C. Turning into; implementing D. Turning into; to implement 16. Despite having to sail an extra 150 miles after being blown ________ by the unexpected gale, the experienced captain managed to ________ nearly 2,000 nautical miles in just two weeks. A. off course; cross B. on course; cross C. off course; cover D. on course; cover 17. ________ the government provides financial support to farmers who switch to sustainable farming methods, illegal deforestation will continue to destroy the rainforest. A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. When 18. The freshman was walking toward ________ he thought was the dining hall ________ the dean appeared in front of him. A. where; where B. where; when C. what; where D. what; when 19. Sampling puddings at the counter, the old man acted ________ he were to buy one, but I am positive ________ he was taking advantage of the store. A. if only; whether B. as if; that C. as if; whether D. if only; that 20. Walking in the woods with her boyfriend on a warm spring evening, Cindy lost her gold ring and ________. A. she could not find it nowhere B. nowhere could she find it C. she could nowhere find it D. could she nowhere find it 21. In the corner of the dimly lit room ________ an old lady, on ________ rested a fat ginger cat with half-closed eyes. A. was seated; lap of whom B. seated; whose lap C. sat; the lap of whom D. was sitting; her lap 22. ________, he refused the young clerk’s charity and walked out with his head held high. A. A man as he was of fallen fortune B. As he was a man of fallen fortune C. As was a man of fallen fortune D. Man of fallen fortune as he was 23. The explorer is said ________ across deserts and mountains, only ________ that the true treasure lay not in distant lands but in his own heart. A. to have traveled; to learn B. to have traveled; to have learnt C. to travel; to have learnt D. to travel; to learn 24. It was not until the stray cat frightened by the sudden thunderstorm and trembling under the old car ________ from its hiding place ________ to look for food. A. was taken out; that it dared B. had taken out; did it dare C. was taken out; did it dare D. had taken out; that it dared 25. To such a degree ________ the traditional food culture in this small town that even the youngest generation insist on preparing holiday feasts ________ their great-grandparents did a century ago. A. do the locals cherish; which B. do the locals cherish; as C. cherishes the locals; what D. cherishes the locals; where 26. Which of the following sentences is grammatically CORRECT? A. Only practicing every day can you improve your spoken English significantly. B. Only when the rain stopped did the rescue team managed to reach the remote village. C. Only those who have lived abroad for years truly understand what culture shock feels like. D. Only after he had signed the contract he realized that he had been deceived by the agent. 27. ________, Sir Francis Chichester finally sailed into Plymouth Harbor, where a crowd of thousands was waiting to welcome him. A. His voyage completed, his body worn out but his spirit unbroken B. His voyage was completed, his body was exhausted but his spirit was unbroken C. With his voyage completing, his body worn out but his spirit unbroken D. With his voyage completed, his body was exhausted but his spirit was unbroken Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. rooted B. symbol C. unexpected D. tendency E. delicate F. escape G. endured H. identified I. transforming J. uncertain K. approaching More Than Flowers in the Hair When people first see the flower headdresses of Quanzhou, they may think of only one word: beauty. In the old streets of the city and the narrow lanes of Xunpu, bright flowers rest on the hair of women and girls, ____28____ ordinary life into something vivid and memorable. Yet to understand this tradition only as decoration is to understand very little. These flowers do not merely brighten the face; they carry memory, feeling, and a way of ____29____ the world. The custom of wearing flowers in the hair is deeply ____30____ in Chinese culture. It appears in classical art, including Tang Dynasty paintings in which women adorn themselves with flowers. What is striking in Quanzhou, however, is that this love of flowers did not remain inside paintings, or belong only to the wealthy. In Xunpu, a fishing village near Quanzhou, it ____31____ among ordinary women whose lives were shaped by the sea. There, flowers were not a distant ____32____ of elegance. They became part of daily life. From past to present, the women of Xunpu have always ____33____ flowers with the hope for happiness and good fortune. Elders placed floral headdresses on young girls before they went out, as if beauty itself might invite joyful things into life. Flowers appeared at festivals, weddings, and other important moments. The headdress, then, was never simply something to wear. It gave visible form to an invisible wish: that life, however ____34____, might still open toward joy. That wish becomes more moving when we remember what kind of lives these women lived. Xunpu women were known for their hard work. They fished, farmed oysters, gathered seafood on the tidal flats, managed the home, and supported the family. Against such a background, the flower headdress seems almost ____35____. Yet perhaps that is exactly why it matters. They did not choose flowers because life was easy. They chose flowers because life was hard. Beauty, in this context, was not a(an) ____36____ from reality, but a gesture of endurance. The flowers did not deny hardship; they answered it. Today, this old custom is entering a new phase of life. Visitors come not only to admire the headdresses, but to wear them and experience, celebrate and embrace the culture for themselves. The flower headdresses of Quanzhou are not only ornaments, but signs of memory, resilience, and identity. ____37____ as they seem, what they carry is remarkably strong. Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Going Against the Cashless Wave Do we still need cash? The prevalence of new electronic devices is set to revolutionize how we make payments. With a click of a mobile-phone app, our entire wealth is literally at our fingertips. Invisible networks manage the flow of transactions, permanently ____38____ the payment landscape. ____39____, some think that we should become fully cash-free. However, I don’t believe we should move towards a completely cash-free society. The primary concern is the risk of fraud and the ____40____ that follows. The instant satisfaction that accompanies cashless transactions could be weakened by online ____41____ issues. Technology experts argue that our current state of technology finds it difficult to discourage hostile individuals or groups from ____42____ the system illegally and abusing the personal data. Many online shopping sites lack strong deterrence (威慑) systems that would protect their clients’ privacy. Occasionally, when an account is locked due to an illegal activity detected by security systems, having cash in hand becomes ____43____. Another reason we should not move towards becoming completely cashless is that mankind might potentially become less thrifty (节约的). Numerous studies have suggested that giving out cash for purchases imposes a psychological ____44____ on consumers so that they are more cautious in their spending. As it is, the cashless wave has already eased that discomfort of making purchases with ____45____ notes. Thus, it will be logical to assume that digital payment could make us much ____46____ in purchase. Advocates of a cashless society argue that cash-free transactions will potentially reduce ____47____ in society by making financial transactions more transparent and reducing corruption. However, despite this ____48____, we cannot choose to ignore that a large proportion of poor people depend on cash to buy everyday goods that are priced at ____49____ amounts. It does not make economic sense to host these minute transactions on a network. ____50____, financial institutions may put a cap on free transactions and charge the users for the services nonetheless. When viewed in totality, being cashless may not be as advantageous to the ____51____ as it is made out to be. The idea of going completely cashless is a very real, even an exciting, one. However, to safeguard the interests of all users, it is better to ____52____ our enthusiasm — perhaps to be a less-cash society is a more feasible and sensible option. 38. A. upsetting B. altering C. abandoning D. preserving 39. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Still 40. A. indifference B. inconvenience C. intolerance D. incompetence 41. A. technology B. copyright C. morality D. security 42. A. breaking up B. breaking into C. breaking off D. breaking down 43. A. troublesome B. critical C. vulnerable D. energizing 44. A. duty B. tax C. pain D. ban 45. A. mutual B. physical C. mental D. identical 46. A. bolder B. tenser C. more careful D. more economical 47. A. inefficiency B. misunderstanding C. poverty D. inequality 48. A. drawback B. reality C. promise D. dilemma 49. A. unaffordable B. tiny C. considerable D. varied 50. A. By contrast B. In addition C. For example D. As a result 51. A. elderly B. disabled C. wealthy D. needy 52. A. extinguish B. preserve C. dampen D. fuel Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Last October I was on a diving holiday in the Philippines with seven other advanced divers. I dived off the boat slowly sinking to about 20m. After nearly 45 minutes, the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine and I felt deep powerful vibrations(震动) as if a big boat with a propeller was passing overhead. The dive instructor’s eyes were wide with confusion too. We both swam next to each other staying close to the side of the reef(礁石). The situation felt sinister. Then we were enveloped by clouds of white sand that mushmoomed up around us. Could it be a giant turtle(海龟) racing past us? They are normally slow movers so this was very weird behavior. The vibration became so intense that I could feel it in my bones and then the sound turned into a deafening roar. Suddenly, a few meters below us, breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down. That’s when I got what it was. The noise was the sound of the earth splintering open and grinding against itself. The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other’s eyes. I felt comforted by his presence. I was numb(麻木的) for terror but clear-headed. My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I have no power over whatever this is. The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever its going to do. It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending. Soon we saw other divers. The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes and when they stopped I heard the swoosh of sand falling over the seabed. We all held hands before resurfacing to avoid decompression sickness, which can be fatal. When up, it was a huge relief to see all the divers and we all shared incredulous looks before pulling out our breathing tools and shouting, ”What was that?” Back on the boat, we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnessed a huge earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale. It released more energy than 30 Hiroshima bombs, though it seemed that we were not at the epicenter(震中). I was high and felt lucky surprisingly not because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening. 53. How did the author realize that they met with an earthquake? A. By feeling the violent shake under the sea. B. By witnessing a normally-slow turtle quickly moving by. C. By seeing the seafloor crack. D. By checking the news and be informed of the event. 54. Why didn’t the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped? A. Because the instructor gestured him not to rise. B. Because he was numb in body. C. Because he could sense the unclear water situation. D. Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above. 55. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. At the beginning of the event, a big boat passed by causing big vibration. B. All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration. C. I felt relieved as the instructor was experienced in handling situations like this. D. Powerless to fight nature, I was tame when under the water. 56. Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat? A. Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake. B. Because he finally survived a huge earthquake. C. Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon. D. Because he didn’t suffer from decompression sickness. (B) Behavior Under Risk: How Animals Avoid Becoming Dinner By: Renee L. Rosier & Tracy Langkilde © 2021 Nature Education Most animals face the risk of being eaten. To avoid becoming someone’s dinner, an organism must be able to identify predatory threats and employ effective strategies to avoid detection by predators. In the event that avoidance fails, animals can use strategies that will increase their chances of surviving attack if they do encounter predators. Detecting predators a. Visual — Many animals respond to general visual cues, such as the presence of a new object or sudden movement. Other visual cues, including an animal’s size and behavior, can provide specific information about the identity and intention of a potential predator. For example, prey may be able to visually identify a predator based on its shape, size, and color, and can use the predator’s behavior to determine the immediate threat that it poses. b. Auditory — Auditory cues can provide reliable, direct information about a predator’s presence, identity. These cues are especially helpful for nocturnal prey species or animals that avoid predators that frequently use sound to hunt or communicate. For example, toadfish recognize sound of dolphins when they are looking for food, one of their main predators, and reduce their activity levels in response. c. Chemical — Chemical cues can be present in the air, in water, or on the ground, and can be detected by prey through olfaction and gustation, providing a reliable indication of a predator’s presence even if it is visually undetectable. Some species are even able to determine how old a predator scent is, and will avoid only fresh scent cues as they indicate a predator’s recent presence. Animals can also use changes in the concentration or age of a scent to determine which direction a predator was traveling, in order to better avoid it. d. Vibration — Vibration cues can provide useful information about a predator’s presence, and can be difficult for predators to conceal. Many animals, including some spiders, caterpillars, and tadpoles, use vibrations as indicators of predator presence, and can distinguish vibrations made by predators, non-predators, and abiotic cues (such as rainfall). It is important for prey to be able to distinguish cues from threats versus non-threats, as responding to every tactile stimulus would waste time and energy, and may actually attract the attention of predators. 57. Which of the following cue can best be used to detect the direction of predators at night? A. Visual. B. Auditory. C. Chemical. D. Vibration. 58. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Visual cues can be used as an indication of predators’ intention. B. Chemical cues fail to function if the predators are out of sight. C. Auditory cues help prey to figure out what kind of predators they meet. D. Vibration cues are reliable as predators can hardly stop vibrating. 59. Which of the following topic might be talked about in the following paragraphs? A. Surviving Encounters with Predators. B. Effective Ways to Find out Predators. C. Distinct Characteristics of Predators. D. Prey species and their behaviors. (C) Though the spread of good reproduction (复制品) of works of art can be culturally valuable, museums continue to promote the special status of original work and highlight the authenticity (真实) of its exhibits. Unfortunately, this seems to place severe limitations on the kind of experience offered to visitors. One limitation is related to the way the museum presents its exhibits. Art museums are often called “treasure houses”. We are reminded of this even before we view a collection by the presence of security guards who keep us away from the exhibits. In addition, a major collection like that of London’s National Gallery is housed in numerous rooms, where a single piece of work is likely to be worth more than all the average visitor possesses. In a society that judges the personal status of the individual so much by their material worth, it is therefore difficult not to be impressed by one’s own relative “worthlessness” in such an environment. Furthermore, consideration of the “value” of the original work in its treasure house setting impresses upon the viewer that since these works were originally produced, they have been assigned a huge value in terms of money by some person or institution more powerful than themselves. Evidently, nothing the viewer thinks about the work is going to alter that value, and so today’s viewer is discouraged from trying to extend that spontaneous, immediate, self-reliant kind of interpretation which would originally have met the work. The visitor may then be struck by the strangeness of seeing such a variety of paintings, drawings and sculptures brought together in an environment for which they were not originally created. This “displacement effect” is further heightened by the huge volume of exhibits. In the case of a major collection, there are probably more works on display than we could realistically view in weeks or even months. This is particularly distressing because time seems to be a vital factor in the appreciation of all art forms. A fundamental difference between paintings and other art forms is that there is no prescribed time over which a painting is viewed. Operas, novels and poems are read in a prescribed time sequence, whereas a picture has no clear place at which to start viewing, or at which to finish. Thus art works themselves encourage us to view them superficially, without appreciating the richness of detail and labor that is involved. Consequently, the dominant critical approach becomes that of the art historian, a specialized academic approach devoted to “discovering the meaning” of art within the cultural context of its time. This is in harmony with the museum’s function, since the approach is dedicated to seeking out and conserving “authentic”, “original” readings of the exhibits. 60. The writer mentions London’s National Gallery to illustrate ______. A. the undesirable cost to a nation of maintaining a huge collection of art B. the conflict that may arise in society between financial and artistic values C. the negative effect a museum can have on visitors’ opinion of themselves D. the need to put individual well-being above large-scale artistic schemes 61. The writer says that today viewers may be unwilling to criticize a work because they ______. A. lack the knowledge needed B. fear it may have financial implications C. have no real concept of the work’s value D. feel their personal reaction is of no significance 62. The writer says that unlike other forms of art, the appreciation of a painting does not ______. A. involve direct contact with an audience B. require a specific location for performance C. need the involvement of other professionals D. call for a specific beginning or ending 63. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Original work: killer of artistic appreciation B. Original work: reduction to value of art works C. Original work: substitute for reproduction D. Original work: art historians’ bread and butter Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. What we can learn from European dog culture In Europe, dogs tend to be welcome in most public spaces and they are calm, relaxed and quiet there. In the United States, however, pet dogs aren’t welcome in most public spaces, and often struggle in the public places where they are allowed. Dogs are dogs no matter where they are born. ____64____ But dog behavior isn’t all about the dogs. A lot of it has to do with us. As big as the differences might be between the behavior of American dogs and European dogs, there are even bigger differences in how Americans relate to dogs we encounter in public. Our behavior has a lot to do with why our dogs might have more behavioral challenges, and the good news is there’s something we can do about it. Give your dog some space. One small thing that we can do and that will have a big impact on our dogs is to admire them from a distance instead of getting in their face. Your dog might like you and your family, might even like your friends. ____65____ Set proper boundaries. When people think about boundaries and dog training, they generally assume we’re talking about the dog. But most of the time, the main problem is people. ____66____ Zazie Todd, a professional dog trainer, said that “people tend to assume that dogs are sociable and friendly, and don’t necessarily consider if a dog wants affection from them at a particular moment in time.” Embrace positive training methods. The way we teach our dogs has a substantial impact on their quality of life and adaptability to new situations. Dog training takes time, and dogs learn best when we use positive reward-based training methods that gently help and encourage dogs by rewarding good behavior. No matter where we live, we can all be a little more thoughtful about how we engage with the dogs we encounter. ____67____ If you have a dog, you can help it out by being its advocate and reminding people you encounter your dog isn’t a walking stuffed animal. A. Many dog owners use a mix of methods, and dog training is not regulated. B. But that doesn’t mean he or she wants every stranger to run up and give a hug. C. To be seen as neighborly, people routinely put their dogs into stressful social situations. D. Ask before greeting, instead of assuming that all dogs want to or will be comfortable interacting with strangers. E. The differences in behavior often come down to an individual dog’s temperament as well as socialization and training received as a puppy. F. To set up our dogs to succeed, we need to not put them in uncomfortable situations, whether out in the world or at home with guests and family. Ⅲ. Productive Grammar (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Safe Haven on the Roof of the World Home to iconic species, including snow leopards, Tibetan foxes, black-necked cranes, Chinese mountain cats, and Himalayan vultures, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Wildlife Park, covering 900 hectares, is the sole and highest-altitude comprehensive wildlife park on the elevated plain. The park in Xining city, Qinghai Province, ____68____ (rescue) over 1,600 wild animals of more than 40 species over the years. Nearly half, after being nursed back to health and health evaluation, have been released into wild while ____69____ unable to survive in the wild due to illness or age have found a new home in the park. This ethical approach distinguishes the park from other traditional zoos, which prioritize ____70____ (keep) animals for display. Investing heavily in creating naturalistic habitats ____71____ (intend) to mimic the animals’ native environment as closely as possible, the park ensures that even captive residents experience psychological well-being. The animals that stay even have their names and devoted fans. Consider the celebrated snow leopard “Ling Xiaozhe.” When it was found ____72____ (die) in the wild, its rescue story went viral online. Millions of viewers watched its daily recovery updates, and it quickly became a beloved star with a loyal fan base following its every move on social media. ____73____ being mere entertainment, such animals become ambassadors for their wild counterparts, raising public awareness about the fragile plateau ecosystem. However, what makes this work remarkable is the environment. At altitudes approaching 4,500 meters, the air is thin, winters are brutal, and resources are scarce. ____74____ every rescue operation demands extreme physical endurance, the team perseveres, driven by a philosophy clearly stated by veteran rescuer Qi Xinzhang: “The motivation ____75____ (reintroduce) rescued animals into their ancestral ranges keeps us going despite the harsh conditions.” In an era of rapid climate change and habitat loss, the park offers a modest but powerful model ____76____ technology, compassion, and respect for wildness work together. Also, the snow leopard’s story serves as a reminder ____77____ conservation is not about control but about coexistence. Ⅳ. Translation (15分 3+3+4+5) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 78. 只有通过保护濒危物种的栖息地，我们才能真正与地球上的生命和谐共处。（Only）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 79. 在文化交融的时代，越能欣赏多元艺术形式的人，越容易在中外文化碰撞中保持自信。（The more..., the more...）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 80. 网络连接的问题在去年二月如此严重，以至于政府尝试升级该系统，让村民感到满意。（So）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 81. 面对海量的需求，社区食物银行仍决心为来自多种文化背景的居民提供可口的营养食物让每个独特的个体都能得到温暖与尊重。(multiple, treat) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ. Guided Writing (8分) 82. Directions: Write an English composition in 50-80 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 如今，外卖(takeout/delivery food)已成为许多高中生生活的一部分。有人认为它有很多好处，也有人担心它带来一系列问题。请针对这一现象，写出一段议论文主体段落。 写作要求： 1)请针对这一看法写出你观点； 2)观点需明确(赞同或反对)。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $