专题04 动词 Ving （培优讲义）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习高效培优系列

该高中英语讲义聚焦动词ing语法专题，覆盖其作状语、定语、宾语、补语、主语和表语及省略句、独立主格结构等高考核心考点，按考情分析、基础梳理、重难突破、分层集训逻辑架构知识体系，通过考点统计、知识导图、真题再现、解题技巧指导及分层练习，帮助学生系统构建知识网络，突破语法难点。 资料以考情数据为导向，精准定位高频考点，如重难01结合2024新课标卷真题解析ing作状语的逻辑关系，重难02通过2023年新高考卷实例区分动名词与现在分词作定语差异，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。分层集训设基础演练与能力进阶，配合即时反馈，确保高效复习，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

专题04 动词ing（培优讲义） 内容导航 夯实基础·突破重难·分层提能 考情・分析解读（考题统计 考情解读 备考策略 命题预测） 基础・知识梳理（知识导图 核心梳理） 重难・核心突破（真题再现 解题技巧 考法预测） 重难01 -ing作状语（目的、结果、原因） 重难02 -ing作定语 重难03 -ing作宾语 重难04 -ing作补语 重难05 -ing作主语和表语 重难06 -ing用于省略句和独立主格结构 拔高・分层集训（基础演练 能力进阶） 考情·分析解读 考题统计 核心考点 题型 动词ing 语法填空 年份 试卷类型 考点 考向 2026 2026·全国I卷 heading 作宾语 2026·全国II卷 being 作宾语 2026·浙江1月 watching 独立主格结构 2025 2025·全国I卷 traveling 省略句 2025·全国II卷 / / 2025·浙江1月 returning 作宾语 2024 2024·新课标I卷 / / 2024·新课标II卷 Recalling 作状语 2024·年北京卷 knocking 作状语 2024·年浙江1月 / / 2023 2023·新课标I卷 wanting 作主语补足语 2023·新课标II卷 visiting 作定语 2023·全国乙卷 Having visited； 作状语 Recording 作宾语 2023·全国甲卷 borrowing 作状语 2023·年北京卷 facing 作后置定语 2022 2022·新课标I卷 Covering 作状语 2022·新课标II卷 falling 作定语 2022·全国乙卷 inviting 作状语 2022·全国甲卷 planning 作状语 2022·年浙江6月 existing 作定语 2022·年浙江1月 changing 构成谓语进行时 考情解读 命题规律： 近3年新高考卷对于名词的考查基本在名词上共计19次，主要考查： 1．动词ing作的句法功能（主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补）； 2．动词ing在省略句和独立主格中的运用。 备考策略 1.构建动词-ing 核心知识体系; a. 掌握-ing 的句法功能（主、宾、表、定、状、补） b. 掌握时态与语态（一般式 (doing)、完成式 (having done)、被动式 (being done / having been done) 2. 重点突破作状语的五种意义（时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随/方式，尤其注意 Having done 表示动作先于谓语动词发生）。 3. 强化定语位置与逻辑主语一致性; a.单个 -ing 前置，短语后置 b.注意与所修饰名词的主谓关系 4. 归纳固定搭配与特殊句型 命题预测 2027年语法填空对对动词ing考查仍然会成为的热点、重点和难点，尤其是考查动词ing作状语和定语，难点是独立主格结构或省略句。另外ving的一些固定搭配和固定句型和V-ing与V-ed的辨析仍然是考查重点。 基础・知识梳理 知识导图 核心梳理 知识1 -ing的形式和意义 动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词，具有名词、代词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 动词-ing形式保留着动词的部分特征，同时具有形容词、副词、名词等的特征，具有时态和语态的变化形式。 形式 时态 语态形式 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done Having been done 1.一般式 动词的-ing形式的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，也可以表示发生在谓语动词之前或之后的动作。有时也指一般性的动作，不明确说明动作发生的先后。 例1. After working for a few years, she was sent to study in Europe and then, in 19.9, in the US. 工作了几年之后，她被派往欧洲学习，之后于1939年又赴美学习。 例2. 例2. It would be unwise to comment on the situation without knowing all the facts. 不全面了解情况就对局势妄加评论是不明智的。 例3. The girls surrounded the teacher, listening attentively to her story. 女孩子们围着老师，认真地听她讲故事。 例4. Most doctors strongly insist on people give up smoking and taking plenty of exercise. 大多数医生强烈建议人们戒烟并多进行锻炼。 2.完成式 动词的-ing形式表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 例1. Having suffered from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. 由于常年受到心脏病困扰，怀特教授不得不走到哪都把药带在身边。 例2. I still remember having been taken to the sea for the first time. 我依然记得第一次被带到海边的情景。 3.被动式 当动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语同时也是动词的-ing形式表示的动作的承受者时，动词的-ing形式用被动形式。例1. I hate being photographed.我讨厌被拍照。 例3. She can’t endure being defeated. 他无法忍受失败。 例3. I forgot once being taken /having been taken to the zoo. 我忘了曾经被带到过动物园。 4.动词-ing的复合结构 有时为了表明动词的-ing形式表示的动作的执行者,要在动词的-ing形式之前加上形容词性物主代词或-’s所有格形式,这便构成了动词的-ing形式的复合结构。其中形容词性物主代词或- s所有格形式表明了动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语。带有逻辑主语的动词的-ing形式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语,这种动词的-ing 形式是动名词。 例1. Her coming encouraged all of us.她的到来鼓舞了我们所有人。 例2. Lily's being careless caused so much trouble.莉莉的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 例3. What's troubling us is their not doing away with so many cigarette ads.使我们烦恼的是他们没有去掉这么多的香烟广告。特别提示 名师提醒1. 动词的-ing形式的复合结构作宾语时,其逻辑主语可用人称代词宾格、名词普通格来代替。 例1. Would you mind my/me using your telescope?你介意我用一下你的望远镜吗? 例2. The father insisted on his son's/his son going to college.那位父亲坚决要求儿子上大学。 名师提醒2. 当逻辑主语是无生命名词、有生命名词但表示泛指或两个以上的名词并列时必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格。 Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你听说过妇女练拳击吗? Do you remember your parents and me telling you about this? 你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事吗? 知识2 -ing的句法功能 动词的-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词，具有名词、代词、形容词、副词的特征。动名词可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语；现在分词可以在句中作表语、定语、补足语、状语。 知识点1 作状语 1. 现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。在句中表示结果、时间、原因、条件、伴随或方式等状语。 2.如果状语从句主语和谓语是it is或主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。（即连接词+现在分词：表示与主语之间主动关系） 3.有些分词短语没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，作为句子的独立成分修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。如：generally speaking（一般来说）， strictly speaking（严格来说）， roughly speaking（大致来说）， judging from/by（由......来判断）， broadly speaking广义上来说， narrowly speaking狭义上来说。 1)时间状语 例1：Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。 例2：When getting off the bus, you must be careful.当下车的时候，你必须要小心。 例3.Having finished all the work, John left for home.完成所有的工作后，约翰回家了。 例4.Hearing the exciting news, he jumped for joy. 听到这条令人激动的消息，那个小男孩高兴地跳了起来。 2)条件状语 例1.Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. 沿着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。 例2.Working hard at our lessons, you are to succeed. 如果你努力学习，你就一定会成功。 3)原因状语 例1. Not knowing her address, I might as well telephone her to come over. 由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。 例2. Living far from my company, I have to get up early every morning. 由于住的离公司太远了，我只好每天早晨早起。 例1. Having once been a healthy and successful young man to being trapped in a broken body was like a living nightmare to him. 他曾经是一个健康、成功的年轻人，被困在一副衰弱的身体里对他来说就像一个真实的噩梦。 4)结果状语 例1. Football is played in more than 80 countries, making it a popular sport. 八十多个国家都踢足球，使它成为一种很流行的运动。 例2.Choking victims usually have only about four minutes before they collapse and sometimes die, leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive. 窒息的受害者通常大约四分钟后就会晕倒，有时候等不到救护车及时赶到就死亡了。 5)让步状语 例1. Knowing all this, I still wanted to see it for myself. 尽管知道了这一切，我还是想亲自去看一看。 例2. Even if taking a taxi, I will still be late for the lecture. 即使乘出租车，我演讲仍旧迟到了。 6)伴随或方式状语 例1. John lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 约翰躺在草地上，凝望着天空很久。 I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.我站在门口，不敢说一句话。 Taking and laughing, the children walked one by one into the classroom. 孩子们有说有笑，一个接一个地进了教室。 They came running all the way. 他们一路跑着过来的。 7)评论性状语 有些现在分词形式在句子中可以没有逻辑意义上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，这种成分被称为评论性状语。 例1. Judging from her accent, she must come from Arabian countries. 从她的口音来判断，她一定来自阿拉伯国家。 例2. Generally speaking, close friendships have three “fruits”: they may comfort the heart, advise the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves. 一般来说，亲密的友谊有三种“果实”：它们可以抚慰心灵，给头脑以建议和帮助我们实现为自己设定的目标。 2 作宾语 例1. I hate lying to the kids. 我讨厌对孩子撒谎。【全国卷I】 例2. Jame is angry about not being invited to the party. 没有被邀请参加聚会，Jame很生气。 例3. After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing. 看了那个玩具一会儿，他转身发现父母不见了。 例4. We should prevent the river from being polluted. 我们应该组织河流被污染。 例5. He tried to avoid answering my questions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。 【名师点睛】 1.动名词除了可以作动词的宾语外，还可以作介词的宾语，下列动词词组后接动名词作宾语。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 be used to习惯于, lead to导致, devote to致力于, stick to坚持, object to反对, get down to开始认真着手做, pay attention to注意, can’t stand不能忍受, give up放弃, feel like喜欢, insist on坚持 put off付出有回报, have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.； 做某事有困难 spend...(in) doing sth.；花...做某事 look forward to 盼望着； can’t help doing禁不住； burst out突然 I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. 我盼望者很快收到你的来信。 He burst our laughing .他突然大笑起来。 易混点 只用-ing形式作宾语和只用-to do形式作宾语的易混词辨析 下列动词后只接动名词作宾语 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon ; 考虑建议盼原谅； admit, delay/put off, fancy; 承认推迟没得想； avoid,miss, keep/keep on, practise; 避免错过继续练； deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; 否认完成就欣赏； forbid, imagine, risk; 禁止想象才冒险； can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape; 不禁介意准逃亡； 例1. I’m considering changing a job.我正考虑换份工作。 例2.I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. 我盼望者很快收到你的来信。 下列动词后只接--to do不定式形式作宾语 manage设法, expect期待, choose选择, afford承受/ agree答应/ attempt试图, refuse拒绝, fail未能, intend打算, plan计划/pretend假装/promise承诺, seem好像, hope希望hesitate犹豫， wish希望/want想要， offer主动提出， decide决定/desire想要/determine决心 例1. She managed to finish the project on time despite the difficulties. 尽管困难重重，她还是设法按时完成了项目。 例2. The climbers attempted to reach the summit before sunset. 登山者试图在日落前登上顶峰。 例3. The child pretended to be asleep when his mother came in. 妈妈进来时，孩子假装睡着了。 易错提醒：下列动词后跟不定式和ing形式作宾语含义不同。 forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） 例1. I forgot to buy bread on my way home. 我回家路上忘了买面包。 forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） 例2. I forget locking the door. 我不记得锁没锁门了。 remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） 例1. Please remember to turn off the lights before leaving. 离开前记得关灯。 remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做）例2.I remember locking the door yesterday.我记得昨天锁过门。 regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） 例1. We regret to announce the cancellation of the flight. 我们遗憾地宣布航班取消。 regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） 例2.I regret telling him the secret.我后悔告诉了他秘密。 go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了）例1.He finished his homework and ‌went on to play‌ basketball. 他做完作业后去打篮球。 go on doing继续做正在做的事（对象不变）例2.The rain stopped but he went on reading. 雨停后他仍持续阅读。 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了）例1.We stopped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息一下。 stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） 例2. Please stop talking. 请停止说话。 can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 例1. I'm sorry I can't help to clean the room today—I'm too busy. 抱歉我今天不能帮忙打扫房间，我太忙了。 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 例2.She couldn't help crying when she heard the sad news. 听到这个坏消息，她情不自禁地哭了。 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） 例1.I mean to finish the project today. 我打算今天完成项目。 mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） 例2.Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 错过这趟火车意味着要再等一小时。 try to do努力做某事（不一定成功）例1.I tried to call you but the line was busy.我想给你打电话，但占线了。 try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动）例2.Try adding salt to enhance the flavor.试着加盐来增加风味。 3.作定语 动名词做定语往往表示被修饰名词的某种用途，一般置于被修饰词前。 a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking拐杖 a washing machine=a machine for washing洗衣机 a fishing net=a net for fishing渔网； a swimming pool=a pool for swimming游泳池； a reading room=a room for reading阅览室；阅览室 a sleeping car卧铺车厢 例1.Beneath this amazing sky, we see a sleeping village and a dark， lonely tree. 在这神奇的天空下，我们看到一个沉睡的村庄和一颗黑暗孤独的树。 例2.China is a fast developing country. 中国是一个快速发展的国家。 易错提醒1：现在分词做定语与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。单个的分词作定语一般前置，分词短语作定语一般后置。 例1. There are lots of students wishing to join us.有许多学生想加入我们。（现在分词作定语） =There are lots of students who wish to join us. 例2. There are two teaching buildings in our school.我们学校有两座教学楼。（动名词作定语表用途） 例3. The lecture, starting at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. （现在分词作定语）讲座于昨晚7点开始，接下来是用望远镜观测月球。 例4. The young man sitting between Jane and Linda is the editor of the campus newspaper. 坐在简和琳达之间的那个年轻人是校报的编辑。 易错提醒2： ① 若表示的动作此刻正在进行或同时进行，可用被动语态的进行时态（现在分词的被动语态）表示。 We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 我们必须保守正在讨论的事情。 ② 若表示的是一个未来的动作，可用不定式的被动语态表示。 Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting. 请告诉我在下次会议上讨论的主题。 ③ V-ing还可作非限制性定语（相当于非限制性定语从句），此时须和句子的其他部分用逗号隔开，试比较： All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists.=All my brothers, living in Shanghai, are scientists. 居住在上海的所有兄弟是科学家。 ④ V-ing短语作定语时，表示的动作不能先于谓语动作，也不可表示将来；一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语，故下列句子是错的： Here is Mr. Li coming from Beijing. （应改为who has come from Beijing） 他是来自北京的李先生。 Those having finished their work can go home now. （应改为who have finished） 已经完成家庭作业的现在可以回家。 ⑤ 系动词的-ing形式不可用作后置定语，此时要用从句来表示。 Those being busy don’t have to go. （应改为Those who are busy don’t have to go.） 正在忙的人不必离开。 ⑥ 不及物动词的V-ing不可用作后置定语，若要表示这个意思要用从句。 The lion died in this zoo the other day was a mother lion. （应改为which/that died） 前天死在公园的狮子是头母狮。 4. 作补语 1. 现在分词作宾补，动词与宾语之间有逻辑主谓关系，说明宾语的性质、特征或强调正在进行的主动动作。变成被动语态时，宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。常跟现在分词作宾语补足语的动词：感官动词（see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。） 2. with＋宾语＋doing表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；with＋宾语＋done表示被动或完成； with＋宾语＋to do表示将要发生的动作。 【名师点睛】 带有宾语补足语的句子如果改为被动句时，宾语补足语变为主语补足语。 例1. Jenny could hear them arguing outside. 珍妮能听到他们在外面争论。（宾语补足语） 例2. An undeserved success is like a medal that is found lying in the street.（主语补足语） 例3. If you see soldiers wearing sky-blue helmets, they are United Nations peace keepers.（宾语补足语） 如果拟看到戴着天蓝色头盔的士兵，他们就是联合国维和人员。 例4. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them. 这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。 例5. With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job. 截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。 例6. With a lot of work to do, she wasn't allowed to leave her office. 由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。 【知识拓展】 易混辨析 (1)现在分词作补足语 由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补足语，表示过程的一部分；而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作的反复。 ☞I heard her singing when I passed by her room. 我路过她房间时，听到她正在唱歌。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者) ☞I found the topic being discussed everywhere then. 那时我发现人们在到处谈论这个话题。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的承受者) ☞Are you listening to them quarrelling？ 你在听他们吵架吗？(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者) ☞His remarks set me thinking. 他的话引起了我的深思。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者) ☞The explosion sent us running in all directions. 那次爆炸把我们吓得东奔西逃。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者) (2)不定式作补语 ①不定式作补语，表示动作的全过程或者是动作已经结束。 ☞Did you notice him leave the house？你看到他离开房间了吗？ ☞I heard her say so.我听见她是这么说的。 ②某些动词短语后面接不定式作宾语补足语。此类短语有：call on，rely on，depend on，wait for，long for，vote for等。 ☞You can depend on her to be late.可以担保她必定迟到。 ☞We are longing for the holiday to come.我们渴望着假日的到来。 ③动词think，consider，believe，find，feel，know，guess，prove，suppose，imagine等词后面，常接＂to be＋形容词(名词或反身代词)＂结构。 ☞He’s thought to be one of the richest men in Europe. 人们认为他是欧洲最大的富翁之一。 ☞Imagine yourself(to be)rich and famous.想象一下你又有钱，又有名的情况。 ☞He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.他试图使他的工作在医学界被认可。 5.作主语 用法 句型 1.位于句首，动名词直接作主语。 Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 2. It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语。 It is no use/good doing….做......是没有用的。 It’s useful/useless doing...做......是有/没有用的。 3.用于There is no doing…固定句型。 There is no denying... 例1. It’s no use regretting your past mistakes. 后悔过去的错误是没有用的。 例2. Being injured in the foot made it impossible for me to walk fast. 脚受伤使我无法快速行走。 例3. Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out. 直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。 例4. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 【全国卷II】 例5. It is a waste of time arguing with such a person.跟这样的人争论就是浪费时间。 6.作表语 动名词做表语时和主语通常是对等的关系，主语和表语可以互换位置。 例1. Your task is cleaning the windows. = Cleaning the windows is your task. 擦窗户就是你的任务。 例2. What I hate most is being laughed at. = Being laughed at is what I hate most. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 例3. My job is cleaning the house three times a week.＝Cleaning the house three times a week is my job. 一周三次打扫房间是我的工作。 例4. Your speech is very interesting and encouraging. 你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。 知识3 -ing的特殊用法 -ing形式除了作定语、状语、宾补等基本用法外，还有两个特殊用法值得深入掌握：用于省略句和用于独立主格结构。这两类用法对提升写作和阅读理解能力至关重要。 1. -ing用于省略句 在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，若从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语包含be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词，留下-ing形式（主动）或-ed形式（被动）。这种省略使表达更简洁。 【结构公式】连词 (when / while / if / unless / once / though / although 等) + doing 1. 时间状语从句的省略 省略条件：When / While / Once + 主语 + be doing → When / While / Once + doing When walking along the street, he came across an old classmate. 沿街散步时，他偶遇了一位老同学。 While doing his homework, he listened to light music. 做作业时，他听着轻音乐。 Once falling behind, you will find it hard to catch up with others. 一旦落后，你会发现很难赶上别人。 2. 条件状语从句的省略 省略条件：If / Unless + 主语 + be doing → If / Unless + doing If traveling to Beijing by air, you should arrive at the airport early. 如果乘飞机去北京，你应该提前到达机场。 Unless working harder from now on, you will fail to enter your dream university. 除非从现在开始更加努力，否则你将考不上理想的大学。 3. 让步状语从句的省略 省略条件：Though / Although / Even if + 主语 + be doing / 实义动词 → Though / Although / Even if + doing Though lacking practical experience, the graduate got the job by virtue of his creativity. 尽管缺乏实践经验，那位毕业生还是凭借创造力获得了那份工作。 Even if working day and night, we cannot finish the project ahead of schedule. 即使我们夜以继日地工作，也无法提前完成这个项目。 4. 方式与伴随状语从句的省略 省略条件：as if / as though + 主语 + be doing → as if / as though + doing He talked as if telling the truth, but actually he was lying. 他说起话来好像讲的是真话，但实际上在撒谎。 【易错警示】 前提不可忘：省略的前提是主从句主语必须一致。若主语不同，则不能省略，需使用独立主格结构。 主动被动要分清：若从句谓语为被动关系，省略后应使用过去分词（done），而非现在分词。 例：When asked why he was late, he made up an excuse.（被问到时……） 2. -ing用于独立主格结构 独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）是由“名词 / 代词（逻辑主语）+ 现在分词”构成的独立短语，在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。其本质特征是：现在分词有其独立的逻辑主语，且该主语与主句主语不一致。该结构不是完整的句子，前面不能加连词。 【结构公式】 名词 / 代词 + doing / having done (+ 宾语 / 状语) 拓展变式：with + 名词 / 代词 + doing 【分类精讲与例句】 1. 表示时间 说明动作发生的时间背景，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Night coming on, we started for home. 夜幕降临，我们动身回家。 The sun having set, we arrived at the village in the dark. 太阳落山后，我们在黑暗中到达了那个村庄。 Spring coming, the flowers begin to bloom and the trees turn green. 春天来了，花儿开始绽放，树木变绿。 2. 表示原因 说明主句动作发生的原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 There being no bus at that hour, we had to walk home in the rain. 由于那个时辰没有公交车，我们不得不冒雨步行回家。 The weather being fine, we decided to go camping in the suburbs. 天气很好，我们决定去郊区露营。 So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off. 由于这么多学生缺席，会议不得不推迟。 3. 表示条件 相当于一个条件状语从句，常置于句首。 Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the history museum next week. 如果时间允许，我下周将去参观历史博物馆。 Everything being equal, I would choose the university with a better academic atmosphere. 如果一切条件相同，我会选择学术氛围更好的那所大学。 4. 表示伴随或补充说明 对主句动作或状态进行伴随性描述，使画面感更强。 He sat in the armchair, a newspaper covering his face. 他坐在扶手椅上，脸上盖着一张报纸。 The soldiers marched on, their flags flying in the wind. 士兵们继续前进，旗帜在风中飘扬。 She rushed into the room, her eyes shining with excitement and her hands trembling. 她冲进房间，眼睛闪烁着兴奋的光芒，双手颤抖着。 【拓展】with 复合结构（独立主格的常用变式） “with + 宾语 + doing” 是独立主格的一种高频形式，语法功能完全相同。 With winter coming on, it is time to buy some warm clothes. 随着冬天来临，该买些保暖衣服了。 With the lights burning, he fell asleep at his desk. 灯亮着，他在书桌旁睡着了。 【易错警示】 独立主格 ≠ 从句：独立主格前不能加任何连词（如 when, if, because, although 等）。若加了连词，就变成了语法错误的结构。 独立主格 ≠ 分词作状语：若分词的逻辑主语与主句主语相同，直接用分词短语作状语即可，不需要再写出独立的逻辑主语。 ✅ Walking in the park, I met an old friend.（主语一致，分词短语） ✅ My daughter walking in the park, I waited for her at the gate.（主语不一致，独立主格） ❌ I walking in the park, I met an old friend.（逻辑主语与主句主语重复，错误） There being 不可省 being：在 “There being + 名词” 的独立主格中，being 不能省略。 重难・核心突破 重难01 -ing做状语【高频考点】 【真题再现】 1.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】__44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____and45____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 44.【答案】Recalling 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 2.【2024北京卷】 Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：就在这时，一些孩子朝他跑来，把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有谓语ran，空处作非谓语动词，knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。 3.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, __where_44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 【考法预测】 1.【2026・河北省唐山市十校高三上学期 12 月期中】A special television show even had actors playing Tang and Shakespeare, _____________ (show) how their stories about love share much similarity. 【答案】showing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一档特别电视节目甚至安排演员扮演汤显祖与莎士比亚，展现他们关于爱情的故事有着诸多相似之处。此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，show（展现）与逻辑主语 a special television show 之间是主动关系，应用现在分词 showing。故填 showing。 2.【2026・江苏省泰州市兴化市六校联考高三上学期期中】POP MART’s designer toys stand as an example of a new wave of innovative Chinese products, _____________ (reshape) global opinions on “Made in China” within the toy industry. 【答案】reshaping 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几十年来，中国因生产简单低端产品被称为 “世界工厂”，但泡泡玛特的设计师玩具代表了中国创新产品的新浪潮，正在重塑全球玩具行业对 “中国制造” 的认知。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语，reshape “重塑” 和 toys 逻辑上是主动关系，因此用 reshape 的现在分词形式，作状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填 reshaping。 重难02 -ing作定语【高频考点】 【真题再现】 1.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___40___ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 【40题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，且与visit为逻辑上的主谓关系。故填visiting。 2.【2023年北京卷】She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles of people around the world ____20____(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”. 【答案】to address 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address。 【答案】facing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。 3.【2022年新高考2卷】Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___36___ (fall) child. 答案：falling 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1. 2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。 【考法预测】 1.【2026・江西赣州市第一学期高三期末】Drones spread pesticides over fields; livestreaming sales are made on smartphones; and high-speed trains run on bridges _____________ (stretch) across landscapes. These rural yet modern scenes are what appear in the paintings of Zhang Qingyi, a 71-year-old farmer and painter from Shaanxi province. 【答案】stretching 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：无人机在田野上喷洒农药；智能手机上进行直播销售；高速列车在横跨景观的桥梁上行驶。and 之后的句子中已有谓语 run，空处作非谓语动词，stretch 与逻辑主语 bridges 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填 stretching。 2.【2026・江苏省镇江市高三上学期 12 月期中】A public art program_____________ (feature) salon discussions, guided exhibition tours and group drawing was held on Sunday at the Song Art Museum in Beijing. 【答案】featuring 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一个以沙龙讨论、导览展览和集体绘画为特色的公共艺术项目周日在北京松美术馆举办，让年轻观众沉浸式接触艺术。句中已有谓语 was held，此空应用非谓语形式作定语，program 与 feature 是主谓关系，此空应是现在分词 featuring。故填 featuring。 重难03 -ing作补语【中频考点】 【真题再现】 【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____rarely44____ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _____45_____ (want) more next time. 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。 【考法预测】 1.【2026・山东省济钢高级中学高三上学期期中学情检测】Twenty teams from top universities and tech firms participated, with six robots_____________ (complete) the 21-kilometer race. 【答案】completing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：来自顶尖大学和科技公司的 20 支队伍参加了比赛，其中 6 个机器人完成了 21 公里的比赛。此处是 with 的复合结构作状语，宾语 robots 与 complete 之间是主动关系，用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填 completing。 2.【2026・河北衡水中学度高三上学期期末综合素质评价】I came to China with the intention of telling stories, but instead, I found myself _____________ (live) them. 【答案】living 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我来到中国是为了讲述故事，但结果却发现自己正活在故事里。find oneself doing sth. 表示 “发现自己正在做某事”，用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填 living。 重难04 -ing作宾语【中频考点】 【真题再现】 1.【2026年全国一卷】Before ____64____ (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, 【答案】heading 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在回家之前，他们会把从当地农民那里买来的新鲜水果和蔬菜塞满购物袋，价格比超市里的便宜得多。介词“Before”后接动名词作宾语。 2.【2026年全国二卷】At the end of the lesson, I feel wide awake, despite it still ____64____ (be) early at 8 am. 【答案】being 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：课程结束时才早上八点，天色尚早，我却感觉十分清醒。despite为介词，后接动名词作宾语，be的动名词形式为being。 3.（2025年1月浙江卷）“I really want to make this work for ____64people’s____ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean _____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 【答案】65. returning 【解析】考查非谓语动词之动名词作宾语。句意：我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活，我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。根据句意，表示“意味着……”，用固定搭配mean doing sth.，意为“意味着做某事”，用动名词作宾语。故填returning。 4.【2023年全国乙卷】As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___48___ (record) everything I discovered. 【48题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。 【考法预测】 1.（23-24高三下·北京西城·二模） It means 64 (pretend) the river is not there, continuing to walk, and hoping for the best. 【答案】pretending 【解析】考查动名词。句意：这意味着假装河流不存在，继续走，并期待最好的结果。根据语境可知，句子表示“这意味着假装河流不存在”，mean doing意为“意味着做某事”，因此空格处用动名词pretending作宾语，故填pretending。 2.I suggest 3 (do) five things to take an active role in your learning. 【答案】doing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。我建议做五件事来在你的学习中发挥积极作用。固定搭配suggest doing(建议做)。故填doing。 重难05 -ing作主语和表语【低频考点】 【考法预测】 1. It’s also amazing (explore) the local tea culture, especially learning to appreciate Longjing tea and knowing more about its rich history. 【答案】to explore 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：探索当地的茶文化也很棒，特别是学会欣赏龙井茶并更多地了解它丰富的历史。“It’s+adj.+to do...”是固定句型，意为“做……是……的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，所以用动词不定式to explore作主语。故填to explore。 2.As an expert for the Baby Annabell Ask The Experts campaign, people have asked me if (have) a shy personality is something we are born with or if it’s something we develop based on our experiences. 【答案】having 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为Baby Annabell Ask The Experts活动的专家，人们问我，拥有害羞的性格是与生俱来的，还是基于我们的经历而发展的。分析句子结构，空白处在以if为连接词的宾语从句中做主语，使用动名词，故填having。 重难06 -ing用于省略句和独立主格结构【低频考点】 【真题再现】 （2025年北京卷）When ____17____ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. 【答案】17. traveling 【解析】考查非谓语动词之现在分词作状语。句意：旅行时，我们接触不同文化和体验不同经历。句子主语“we”与“travel”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填traveling。 【考法预测】 1.【2026・江苏省南京市高三上学期 12 月期中】According to official data, international tourist arrivals into Shanghai were up nearly 40 percent in the first half of 2025, with the largest numbers of travelers _____________ (come) from South Korea, Thailand and Japan. 【答案】coming 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：官方数据显示，2025 年上半年上海的国际游客数量增长近 40%，其中韩国、泰国和日本的游客占比最高。此处用了 with 的复合结构，空处作宾语补足语，come from “来自” 和 the largest numbers of travelers 逻辑上是主动关系，应用 come 的现在分词形式。故填 coming。 2.【2026・安徽省合肥市第一中学高三上学期 1 月】When_____________ (recall) his experience to learn the techniques to make this Shanxi handicraft with a history of hundreds of years, Zhen said in sign language... 【答案】recalling 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：当回忆学习这项有数百年历史的山西手工艺品制作技艺的经历时，甄用手语说道。recall 为动词，表示 “回忆”，该句为以 when 引导的时间状语从句的省略句，故空处应用其非谓语动词形式，与主语 Zhen 之间为主动关系，表示正在进行的的动作，应用现在分词。故填 recalling。 拔高・分层集训 基础演练 1.【2026・河北省名校协作体高三上学期 12 月期中】The museum has also worked with the Confucius Institute to display selected silk costumes in Venice,_____________ (expand) its international outreach. 【答案】expanding 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该博物馆还与孔子学院合作，在威尼斯展出精选丝绸服装，扩大其国际影响力。句中谓语是 has also worked，空格处用非谓语动词，The museum 和 expand 之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作状语，故填 expanding。 2.【2026・江苏省南通市高三上学期期中】Chinese magic, _____________ (date) back to the Qin and Han Dynasties in ancient China, has a history of 2,000 years. 【答案】dating 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国魔术可以追溯到中国古代的秦汉时期，已有 2000 多年的历史。句中谓语是 has，空格处用非谓语动词，Chinese magic 和 date 之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作状语，故填 dating。 3.【2026・四川省成都市锦江区嘉祥外国语学校高三上学期期中】In 2025, China’s museums are witnessing a remarkable boom (盛行), _____________ (draw) crowds of visitors and transforming into the most famous cultural centers that combine learning with enjoyment and relaxation. 【答案】drawing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：2025 年，中国的博物馆正经历着显著的繁荣，吸引了大批游客，并转变为最著名的文化中心，将学习与娱乐和放松结合起来。此处是非谓语动词作状语，动词 draw “吸引” 和主语 China’s museums 是主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语，故填 drawing。 4.【2026・河北省高三上学期 12 月期中】Modern technological approaches have enabled the identification of various functional structures that traditional methods could not detect, significantly _____________ (reshape) our understanding of Liangzhu as an early state society. 【答案】reshaping 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。本句已有谓语 have enabled，所以空处需用非谓语动词作结果状语，此处表示一种自然的结果，所以空处用现在分词 reshaping。故填 reshaping。 5.【2026・山东师范大学附属中学高三上学期期中】_____________ (weigh) 30 kg, the robot conducted inspection within Yingxian Pagoda in north China’s Shanxi Province. 【答案】Weighing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这只重 30 公斤的六足机器狗在中国北方山西省应县木塔内进行了检查。句中 conducted 为谓语动词，weigh 在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语 the robot 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填 Weighing。 6.【2026・河北省部分高中学年高三上学期 12 月期中】Both sides celebrated the lion dance as a form of shared history, jointly _____________ (promote) and safeguarding the heritage. 【答案】promoting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：2024 年是中马建交 50 周年。双方将舞狮作为共享历史的一种形式来庆祝，共同推广和保护这一遗产。both sides 与 promote 之间是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语，与 safeguarding 并列。故填 promoting。 7.【2026・辽宁省阜新市重点高中高三上学期期中考试】Chu Shu, or the End of Heat, is the 14th solar term in the traditional Chinese solar calendar, _____________ (mark) an important seasonal transition. 【答案】marking 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：处暑是中国传统太阳历中的第 14 个节气，标志着一个重要的季节过渡。本句已有谓语动词 is，此处 mark 需作非谓语成分，主语 Chu Shu 与 mark 是主动关系，因此用现在分词 marking 作伴随状语，补充说明处暑的作用。故填 marking。 8.【2026・四川成都市彭州市彭州中学高三上学期期末】The journey began with machines like the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), built in 1945. ENIAC was a monster: it weighed 30 tons, occupied 1,800 square feet, and contained nearly 18,000 vacuum tubes. _____________(process) a single calculation, it often required hours of setup time by a team of operators. 【答案】To process 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：要进行一次计算，通常需要一组操作员花费数小时的准备时间。空格处作句子的目的状语，需用不定式表目的，句首单词首字母大写。故填 To process。 9.【2026・江西赣州市第一学期高三期末】Drones spread pesticides over fields; livestreaming sales are made on smartphones; and high-speed trains run on bridges _____________ (stretch) across landscapes. These rural yet modern scenes are what appear in the paintings of Zhang Qingyi, a 71-year-old farmer and painter from Shaanxi province. 【答案】stretching 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：无人机在田野上喷洒农药；智能手机上进行直播销售；高速列车在横跨景观的桥梁上行驶。and 之后的句子中已有谓语 run，空处作非谓语动词，stretch 与逻辑主语 bridges 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填 stretching。 10.【2026・福建泉州市晋江市第一中学上学期秋季高三年第二阶段考试（期末）】His words have gone viral on social media, _____________ (appeal) to netizens. 【答案】appealing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的言论在社交媒体上迅速传播开来，引起了网民们的关注。此处 appeal 与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填 appealing。 能力进阶 1.【2026・湖南长沙市第一中学高三上学期期末】_____________ (originate) in the Shang Dynasty, it has developed various styles across different regions of China, such as Su embroidery known for its delicacy, Xiang embroidery famous for its vivid patterns, and Shu embroidery celebrated for its smooth stitches. 【答案】Originating 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：刺绣起源于商代，在中国不同地区发展出各种风格，如以精致著称的苏绣、以生动图案闻名的湘绣和以针法流畅著称的蜀绣。空处作句子的状语，originate “起源” 与 it（指代 Embroidery）之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，句首单词，首字母大写。故填 Originating。 2.【2026・湖南长沙市第一中学高三上学期期末】Young people are also showing increasing interest in this craft, learning and inheriting it _____________ (keep) the ancient art alive in modern times. 【答案】to keep 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：年轻人也对这种工艺表现出越来越浓厚的兴趣，学习和继承它，使古老的刺绣艺术在现代得以延续。空处作目的状语，应用动词 keep 的不定式。故填 to keep。 3.【2026・山东菏泽市山东省菏泽市大联考高三上学期 2 月期末】They also learned about the local agricultural traditions, _____________(gain) hands-on farming experience while engaging in an in-depth cultural exchange. 【答案】gaining 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们还了解了当地的农业传统，获得了亲身耕作的经验，同时进行了深入的文化交流。gaining 与主句主语主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语。故填 gaining。 4.【2026・山东菏泽市山东省菏泽市大联考高三上学期 2 月期末】_____________ (see) this way of nail-free joints to build houses is incredible,” said student Constantin Goffard, who thought that this tradition must be preserved for its unique architectural value and the ancient engineering wisdom behind it. 【答案】Seeing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：“看到这种不用钉子的榫卯方式建造房屋，真是不可思议。” 学生 Constantin Goffard 说。此处作句子的主语，需用动名词形式 seeing，句首单词首字母需大写。故填 Seeing。 5.【2026・广东深圳市罗湖区第一学期期末质量检测高三】“Cats _____________ (trap) in the canals are a constant concern,” explains Maggie Ruitenberg from a cat information centre. 【答案】trapped 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：“被困在运河里的猫咪一直是人们关注的焦点。” 此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词 Cats，Cats 与 trap 之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词 trapped。故填 trapped。 6.【2026・河南中原名校联盟高三年级 2 月期末检测】Readers often look up references and search for cultural allusions (典故) mentioned in the stories, thus _____________ (allow) them to encounter a broader range of Chinese culture. 【答案】allowing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：读者们经常查阅故事中提到的参考资料和文化典故，从而有机会接触到更广泛的中国文化。此处为状语，前面的主句与 allow 之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填 allowing。 7.【2026・江苏苏州市第一学期期末高三】With a forest coverage rate_____________(exceed) 86 percent, a warm, damp climate, and rich soil, Donglan is home to more than 768 species of medicinal herbs, including highly prized varieties that can boost immunity (免疫力) and support overall health. 【答案】exceeding 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：东兰县的森林覆盖率超过 86%，拥有温暖潮湿的气候和肥沃的土壤，是 768 多种药用植物的家园，包括一些能增强免疫力、促进整体健康的珍贵品种。分析句子结构，With a forest coverage rate... 作状语，空处需填非谓语动词，修饰 rate。逻辑主语 rate 与 exceed 之间为主动关系，需用现在分词形式作宾补。故填 exceeding。 8.【2026・安徽宣城市第一学期期末调研测试高三】Anhui chefs are masters at keeping the natural juices and flavors of the ingredients, _____________ (ensure) that each dish is a harmonious blend of tastes. 【答案】ensuring 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：安徽厨师擅长保留食材的天然汁水和风味，确保每道菜都是口味的和谐融合。此句已有谓语动词 are，所以 ensure 应使用非谓语形式，其逻辑主语是前面整个句子，二者是主动关系，故用现在分词 ensuring 作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填 ensuring。 9.【2026・四川省成都市树德中学高三上学期期末】Currently, goods _____________ (arrive) from other countries undergo inspection upon entry into Hainan. 【答案】arriving 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：目前，从其他国家抵达的货物在进入海南时都要接受检查。“(arrive) from other countries” 作后置定语修饰名词 goods，arrive (到达) 用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语 goods 之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填 arriving。 10.【2026・广东廉江市实验学校高三上学期阶段性测试英语期末】This sensory immersion — hearing the languages, seeing the colors, and observing the social interactions — _____________(create) a deeper, more memorable impression than passive study. 【答案】creates 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：这种感官上的沉浸体验所带来的印象要比单纯的被动学习更为深刻。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语是 This sensory immersion，单数。谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填 creates。 11.【2026・广东廉江市实验学校高三上学期阶段性测试英语期末】This is achieved when users experience daily life from another person’s perspective, _____________ (allow) them to develop a better understanding of different cultures and values. 【答案】allowing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当用户能够以他人的视角去体验日常生活时，这一目标便得以实现。这能让用户更好地理解不同的文化与价值观。表示自然结果，与主语是主动关系。用现在分词短语作结果状语。故填 allowing。 12.【2026・广东深圳南山高三上学期期末考试】This ultimately (ultimate) creates a living, sustainable landscape where trees, plants, and soil all support one another, _____________ (preserve) both rich biodiversity and ancient cultural heritage. 【答案】preserving 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种做法最终造就了一片充满生机、可持续的生态景观，树木、植物和土壤彼此相互支撑，既保护了丰富的生物多样性，也传承了古老的文化遗产。此空考查非谓语，前面的句子与 preserve 为主动关系，再由语境可知，应用现在分词作自然而然的结果状语。故填 preserving。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 动词ing（培优讲义） 内容导航 夯实基础·突破重难·分层提能 考情・分析解读（考题统计 考情解读 备考策略 命题预测） 基础・知识梳理（知识导图 核心梳理） 重难・核心突破（真题再现 解题技巧 考法预测） 重难01 -ing作状语（目的、结果、原因） 重难02 -ing作定语 重难03 -ing作宾语 重难04 -ing作补语 重难05 -ing作主语和表语 重难06 -ing用于省略句和独立主格结构 拔高・分层集训（基础演练 能力进阶） 考情·分析解读 考题统计 核心考点 题型 动词ing 语法填空 年份 试卷类型 考点 考向 2026 2026·全国I卷 heading 作宾语 2026·全国II卷 being 作宾语 2026·浙江1月 watching 独立主格结构 2025 2025·全国I卷 traveling 省略句 2025·全国II卷 / / 2025·浙江1月 returning 作宾语 2024 2024·新课标I卷 / / 2024·新课标II卷 Recalling 作状语 2024·年北京卷 knocking 作状语 2024·年浙江1月 / / 2023 2023·新课标I卷 wanting 作主语补足语 2023·新课标II卷 visiting 作定语 2023·全国乙卷 Having visited； 作状语 Recording 作宾语 2023·全国甲卷 borrowing 作状语 2023·年北京卷 facing 作后置定语 2022 2022·新课标I卷 Covering 作状语 2022·新课标II卷 falling 作定语 2022·全国乙卷 inviting 作状语 2022·全国甲卷 planning 作状语 2022·年浙江6月 existing 作定语 2022·年浙江1月 changing 构成谓语进行时 考情解读 命题规律： 近3年新高考卷对于名词的考查基本在名词上共计19次，主要考查： 1．动词ing作的句法功能（主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补）； 2．动词ing在省略句和独立主格中的运用。 备考策略 1.构建动词-ing 核心知识体系; a. 掌握-ing 的句法功能（主、宾、表、定、状、补） b. 掌握时态与语态（一般式 (doing)、完成式 (having done)、被动式 (being done / having been done) 2. 重点突破作状语的五种意义（时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随/方式，尤其注意 Having done 表示动作先于谓语动词发生）。 3. 强化定语位置与逻辑主语一致性; a.单个 -ing 前置，短语后置 b.注意与所修饰名词的主谓关系 4. 归纳固定搭配与特殊句型 命题预测 2027年语法填空对对动词ing考查仍然会成为的热点、重点和难点，尤其是考查动词ing作状语和定语，难点是独立主格结构或省略句。另外ving的一些固定搭配和固定句型和V-ing与V-ed的辨析仍然是考查重点。 基础・知识梳理 知识导图 核心梳理 知识1 -ing的形式和意义 动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词，具有名词、代词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 动词-ing形式保留着动词的部分特征，同时具有形容词、副词、名词等的特征，具有时态和语态的变化形式。 形式 时态 语态形式 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done Having been done 1.一般式 动词的-ing形式的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，也可以表示发生在谓语动词之前或之后的动作。有时也指一般性的动作，不明确说明动作发生的先后。 例1. After working for a few years, she was sent to study in Europe and then, in 19.9, in the US. 工作了几年之后，她被派往欧洲学习，之后于1939年又赴美学习。 例2. 例2. It would be unwise to comment on the situation without knowing all the facts. 不全面了解情况就对局势妄加评论是不明智的。 例3. The girls surrounded the teacher, listening attentively to her story. 女孩子们围着老师，认真地听她讲故事。 例4. Most doctors strongly insist on people give up smoking and taking plenty of exercise. 大多数医生强烈建议人们戒烟并多进行锻炼。 2.完成式 动词的-ing形式表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 例1. Having suffered from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. 由于常年受到心脏病困扰，怀特教授不得不走到哪都把药带在身边。 例2. I still remember having been taken to the sea for the first time. 我依然记得第一次被带到海边的情景。 3.被动式 当动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语同时也是动词的-ing形式表示的动作的承受者时，动词的-ing形式用被动形式。例1. I hate being photographed.我讨厌被拍照。 例3. She can’t endure being defeated. 他无法忍受失败。 例3. I forgot once being taken /having been taken to the zoo. 我忘了曾经被带到过动物园。 4.动词-ing的复合结构 有时为了表明动词的-ing形式表示的动作的执行者,要在动词的-ing形式之前加上形容词性物主代词或-’s所有格形式,这便构成了动词的-ing形式的复合结构。其中形容词性物主代词或- s所有格形式表明了动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语。带有逻辑主语的动词的-ing形式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语,这种动词的-ing 形式是动名词。 例1. Her coming encouraged all of us.她的到来鼓舞了我们所有人。 例2. Lily's being careless caused so much trouble.莉莉的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 例3. What's troubling us is their not doing away with so many cigarette ads.使我们烦恼的是他们没有去掉这么多的香烟广告。特别提示 名师提醒1. 动词的-ing形式的复合结构作宾语时,其逻辑主语可用人称代词宾格、名词普通格来代替。 例1. Would you mind my/me using your telescope?你介意我用一下你的望远镜吗? 例2. The father insisted on his son's/his son going to college.那位父亲坚决要求儿子上大学。 名师提醒2. 当逻辑主语是无生命名词、有生命名词但表示泛指或两个以上的名词并列时必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格。 Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你听说过妇女练拳击吗? Do you remember your parents and me telling you about this? 你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事吗? 知识2 -ing的句法功能 动词的-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词，具有名词、代词、形容词、副词的特征。动名词可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语；现在分词可以在句中作表语、定语、补足语、状语。 知识点1 作状语 1. 现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。在句中表示结果、时间、原因、条件、伴随或方式等状语。 2.如果状语从句主语和谓语是it is或主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。（即连接词+现在分词：表示与主语之间主动关系） 3.有些分词短语没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，作为句子的独立成分修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。如：generally speaking（一般来说）， strictly speaking（严格来说）， roughly speaking（大致来说）， judging from/by（由......来判断）， broadly speaking广义上来说， narrowly speaking狭义上来说。 1)时间状语 例1：Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。 例2：When getting off the bus, you must be careful.当下车的时候，你必须要小心。 例3.Having finished all the work, John left for home.完成所有的工作后，约翰回家了。 例4.Hearing the exciting news, he jumped for joy. 听到这条令人激动的消息，那个小男孩高兴地跳了起来。 2)条件状语 例1.Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. 沿着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。 例2.Working hard at our lessons, you are to succeed. 如果你努力学习，你就一定会成功。 3)原因状语 例1. Not knowing her address, I might as well telephone her to come over. 由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。 例2. Living far from my company, I have to get up early every morning. 由于住的离公司太远了，我只好每天早晨早起。 例1. Having once been a healthy and successful young man to being trapped in a broken body was like a living nightmare to him. 他曾经是一个健康、成功的年轻人，被困在一副衰弱的身体里对他来说就像一个真实的噩梦。 4)结果状语 例1. Football is played in more than 80 countries, making it a popular sport. 八十多个国家都踢足球，使它成为一种很流行的运动。 例2.Choking victims usually have only about four minutes before they collapse and sometimes die, leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive. 窒息的受害者通常大约四分钟后就会晕倒，有时候等不到救护车及时赶到就死亡了。 5)让步状语 例1. Knowing all this, I still wanted to see it for myself. 尽管知道了这一切，我还是想亲自去看一看。 例2. Even if taking a taxi, I will still be late for the lecture. 即使乘出租车，我演讲仍旧迟到了。 6)伴随或方式状语 例1. John lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 约翰躺在草地上，凝望着天空很久。 I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.我站在门口，不敢说一句话。 Taking and laughing, the children walked one by one into the classroom. 孩子们有说有笑，一个接一个地进了教室。 They came running all the way. 他们一路跑着过来的。 7)评论性状语 有些现在分词形式在句子中可以没有逻辑意义上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，这种成分被称为评论性状语。 例1. Judging from her accent, she must come from Arabian countries. 从她的口音来判断，她一定来自阿拉伯国家。 例2. Generally speaking, close friendships have three “fruits”: they may comfort the heart, advise the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves. 一般来说，亲密的友谊有三种“果实”：它们可以抚慰心灵，给头脑以建议和帮助我们实现为自己设定的目标。 2 作宾语 例1. I hate lying to the kids. 我讨厌对孩子撒谎。【全国卷I】 例2. Jame is angry about not being invited to the party. 没有被邀请参加聚会，Jame很生气。 例3. After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing. 看了那个玩具一会儿，他转身发现父母不见了。 例4. We should prevent the river from being polluted. 我们应该组织河流被污染。 例5. He tried to avoid answering my questions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。 【名师点睛】 1.动名词除了可以作动词的宾语外，还可以作介词的宾语，下列动词词组后接动名词作宾语。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 be used to习惯于, lead to导致, devote to致力于, stick to坚持, object to反对, get down to开始认真着手做, pay attention to注意, can’t stand不能忍受, give up放弃, feel like喜欢, insist on坚持 put off付出有回报, have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.； 做某事有困难 spend...(in) doing sth.；花...做某事 look forward to 盼望着； can’t help doing禁不住； burst out突然 I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. 我盼望者很快收到你的来信。 He burst our laughing .他突然大笑起来。 易混点 只用-ing形式作宾语和只用-to do形式作宾语的易混词辨析 下列动词后只接动名词作宾语 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon ; 考虑建议盼原谅； admit, delay/put off, fancy; 承认推迟没得想； avoid,miss, keep/keep on, practise; 避免错过继续练； deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; 否认完成就欣赏； forbid, imagine, risk; 禁止想象才冒险； can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape; 不禁介意准逃亡； 例1. I’m considering changing a job.我正考虑换份工作。 例2.I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. 我盼望者很快收到你的来信。 下列动词后只接--to do不定式形式作宾语 manage设法, expect期待, choose选择, afford承受/ agree答应/ attempt试图, refuse拒绝, fail未能, intend打算, plan计划/pretend假装/promise承诺, seem好像, hope希望hesitate犹豫， wish希望/want想要， offer主动提出， decide决定/desire想要/determine决心 例1. She managed to finish the project on time despite the difficulties. 尽管困难重重，她还是设法按时完成了项目。 例2. The climbers attempted to reach the summit before sunset. 登山者试图在日落前登上顶峰。 例3. The child pretended to be asleep when his mother came in. 妈妈进来时，孩子假装睡着了。 易错提醒：下列动词后跟不定式和ing形式作宾语含义不同。 forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） 例1. I forgot to buy bread on my way home. 我回家路上忘了买面包。 forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） 例2. I forget locking the door. 我不记得锁没锁门了。 remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） 例1. Please remember to turn off the lights before leaving. 离开前记得关灯。 remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做）例2.I remember locking the door yesterday.我记得昨天锁过门。 regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） 例1. We regret to announce the cancellation of the flight. 我们遗憾地宣布航班取消。 regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） 例2.I regret telling him the secret.我后悔告诉了他秘密。 go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了）例1.He finished his homework and ‌went on to play‌ basketball. 他做完作业后去打篮球。 go on doing继续做正在做的事（对象不变）例2.The rain stopped but he went on reading. 雨停后他仍持续阅读。 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了）例1.We stopped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息一下。 stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） 例2. Please stop talking. 请停止说话。 can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 例1. I'm sorry I can't help to clean the room today—I'm too busy. 抱歉我今天不能帮忙打扫房间，我太忙了。 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 例2.She couldn't help crying when she heard the sad news. 听到这个坏消息，她情不自禁地哭了。 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） 例1.I mean to finish the project today. 我打算今天完成项目。 mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） 例2.Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 错过这趟火车意味着要再等一小时。 try to do努力做某事（不一定成功）例1.I tried to call you but the line was busy.我想给你打电话，但占线了。 try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动）例2.Try adding salt to enhance the flavor.试着加盐来增加风味。 3.作定语 动名词做定语往往表示被修饰名词的某种用途，一般置于被修饰词前。 a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking拐杖 a washing machine=a machine for washing洗衣机 a fishing net=a net for fishing渔网； a swimming pool=a pool for swimming游泳池； a reading room=a room for reading阅览室；阅览室 a sleeping car卧铺车厢 例1.Beneath this amazing sky, we see a sleeping village and a dark， lonely tree. 在这神奇的天空下，我们看到一个沉睡的村庄和一颗黑暗孤独的树。 例2.China is a fast developing country. 中国是一个快速发展的国家。 易错提醒1：现在分词做定语与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。单个的分词作定语一般前置，分词短语作定语一般后置。 例1. There are lots of students wishing to join us.有许多学生想加入我们。（现在分词作定语） =There are lots of students who wish to join us. 例2. There are two teaching buildings in our school.我们学校有两座教学楼。（动名词作定语表用途） 例3. The lecture, starting at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. （现在分词作定语）讲座于昨晚7点开始，接下来是用望远镜观测月球。 例4. The young man sitting between Jane and Linda is the editor of the campus newspaper. 坐在简和琳达之间的那个年轻人是校报的编辑。 易错提醒2： ① 若表示的动作此刻正在进行或同时进行，可用被动语态的进行时态（现在分词的被动语态）表示。 We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 我们必须保守正在讨论的事情。 ② 若表示的是一个未来的动作，可用不定式的被动语态表示。 Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting. 请告诉我在下次会议上讨论的主题。 ③ V-ing还可作非限制性定语（相当于非限制性定语从句），此时须和句子的其他部分用逗号隔开，试比较： All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists.=All my brothers, living in Shanghai, are scientists. 居住在上海的所有兄弟是科学家。 ④ V-ing短语作定语时，表示的动作不能先于谓语动作，也不可表示将来；一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语，故下列句子是错的： Here is Mr. Li coming from Beijing. （应改为who has come from Beijing） 他是来自北京的李先生。 Those having finished their work can go home now. （应改为who have finished） 已经完成家庭作业的现在可以回家。 ⑤ 系动词的-ing形式不可用作后置定语，此时要用从句来表示。 Those being busy don’t have to go. （应改为Those who are busy don’t have to go.） 正在忙的人不必离开。 ⑥ 不及物动词的V-ing不可用作后置定语，若要表示这个意思要用从句。 The lion died in this zoo the other day was a mother lion. （应改为which/that died） 前天死在公园的狮子是头母狮。 4. 作补语 1. 现在分词作宾补，动词与宾语之间有逻辑主谓关系，说明宾语的性质、特征或强调正在进行的主动动作。变成被动语态时，宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。常跟现在分词作宾语补足语的动词：感官动词（see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。） 2. with＋宾语＋doing表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；with＋宾语＋done表示被动或完成； with＋宾语＋to do表示将要发生的动作。 【名师点睛】 带有宾语补足语的句子如果改为被动句时，宾语补足语变为主语补足语。 例1. Jenny could hear them arguing outside. 珍妮能听到他们在外面争论。（宾语补足语） 例2. An undeserved success is like a medal that is found lying in the street.（主语补足语） 例3. If you see soldiers wearing sky-blue helmets, they are United Nations peace keepers.（宾语补足语） 如果拟看到戴着天蓝色头盔的士兵，他们就是联合国维和人员。 例4. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them. 这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。 例5. With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job. 截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。 例6. With a lot of work to do, she wasn't allowed to leave her office. 由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。 【知识拓展】 易混辨析 (1)现在分词作补足语 由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补足语，表示过程的一部分；而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作的反复。 ☞I heard her singing when I passed by her room. 我路过她房间时，听到她正在唱歌。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者) ☞I found the topic being discussed everywhere then. 那时我发现人们在到处谈论这个话题。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的承受者) ☞Are you listening to them quarrelling？ 你在听他们吵架吗？(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者) ☞His remarks set me thinking. 他的话引起了我的深思。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者) ☞The explosion sent us running in all directions. 那次爆炸把我们吓得东奔西逃。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者) (2)不定式作补语 ①不定式作补语，表示动作的全过程或者是动作已经结束。 ☞Did you notice him leave the house？你看到他离开房间了吗？ ☞I heard her say so.我听见她是这么说的。 ②某些动词短语后面接不定式作宾语补足语。此类短语有：call on，rely on，depend on，wait for，long for，vote for等。 ☞You can depend on her to be late.可以担保她必定迟到。 ☞We are longing for the holiday to come.我们渴望着假日的到来。 ③动词think，consider，believe，find，feel，know，guess，prove，suppose，imagine等词后面，常接＂to be＋形容词(名词或反身代词)＂结构。 ☞He’s thought to be one of the richest men in Europe. 人们认为他是欧洲最大的富翁之一。 ☞Imagine yourself(to be)rich and famous.想象一下你又有钱，又有名的情况。 ☞He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.他试图使他的工作在医学界被认可。 5.作主语 用法 句型 1.位于句首，动名词直接作主语。 Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 2. It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语。 It is no use/good doing….做......是没有用的。 It’s useful/useless doing...做......是有/没有用的。 3.用于There is no doing…固定句型。 There is no denying... 例1. It’s no use regretting your past mistakes. 后悔过去的错误是没有用的。 例2. Being injured in the foot made it impossible for me to walk fast. 脚受伤使我无法快速行走。 例3. Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out. 直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。 例4. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 【全国卷II】 例5. It is a waste of time arguing with such a person.跟这样的人争论就是浪费时间。 6.作表语 动名词做表语时和主语通常是对等的关系，主语和表语可以互换位置。 例1. Your task is cleaning the windows. = Cleaning the windows is your task. 擦窗户就是你的任务。 例2. What I hate most is being laughed at. = Being laughed at is what I hate most. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 例3. My job is cleaning the house three times a week.＝Cleaning the house three times a week is my job. 一周三次打扫房间是我的工作。 例4. Your speech is very interesting and encouraging. 你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。 知识3 -ing的特殊用法 -ing形式除了作定语、状语、宾补等基本用法外，还有两个特殊用法值得深入掌握：用于省略句和用于独立主格结构。这两类用法对提升写作和阅读理解能力至关重要。 1. -ing用于省略句 在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，若从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语包含be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词，留下-ing形式（主动）或-ed形式（被动）。这种省略使表达更简洁。 【结构公式】连词 (when / while / if / unless / once / though / although 等) + doing 1. 时间状语从句的省略 省略条件：When / While / Once + 主语 + be doing → When / While / Once + doing When walking along the street, he came across an old classmate. 沿街散步时，他偶遇了一位老同学。 While doing his homework, he listened to light music. 做作业时，他听着轻音乐。 Once falling behind, you will find it hard to catch up with others. 一旦落后，你会发现很难赶上别人。 2. 条件状语从句的省略 省略条件：If / Unless + 主语 + be doing → If / Unless + doing If traveling to Beijing by air, you should arrive at the airport early. 如果乘飞机去北京，你应该提前到达机场。 Unless working harder from now on, you will fail to enter your dream university. 除非从现在开始更加努力，否则你将考不上理想的大学。 3. 让步状语从句的省略 省略条件：Though / Although / Even if + 主语 + be doing / 实义动词 → Though / Although / Even if + doing Though lacking practical experience, the graduate got the job by virtue of his creativity. 尽管缺乏实践经验，那位毕业生还是凭借创造力获得了那份工作。 Even if working day and night, we cannot finish the project ahead of schedule. 即使我们夜以继日地工作，也无法提前完成这个项目。 4. 方式与伴随状语从句的省略 省略条件：as if / as though + 主语 + be doing → as if / as though + doing He talked as if telling the truth, but actually he was lying. 他说起话来好像讲的是真话，但实际上在撒谎。 【易错警示】 前提不可忘：省略的前提是主从句主语必须一致。若主语不同，则不能省略，需使用独立主格结构。 主动被动要分清：若从句谓语为被动关系，省略后应使用过去分词（done），而非现在分词。 例：When asked why he was late, he made up an excuse.（被问到时……） 2. -ing用于独立主格结构 独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）是由“名词 / 代词（逻辑主语）+ 现在分词”构成的独立短语，在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。其本质特征是：现在分词有其独立的逻辑主语，且该主语与主句主语不一致。该结构不是完整的句子，前面不能加连词。 【结构公式】 名词 / 代词 + doing / having done (+ 宾语 / 状语) 拓展变式：with + 名词 / 代词 + doing 【分类精讲与例句】 1. 表示时间 说明动作发生的时间背景，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Night coming on, we started for home. 夜幕降临，我们动身回家。 The sun having set, we arrived at the village in the dark. 太阳落山后，我们在黑暗中到达了那个村庄。 Spring coming, the flowers begin to bloom and the trees turn green. 春天来了，花儿开始绽放，树木变绿。 2. 表示原因 说明主句动作发生的原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 There being no bus at that hour, we had to walk home in the rain. 由于那个时辰没有公交车，我们不得不冒雨步行回家。 The weather being fine, we decided to go camping in the suburbs. 天气很好，我们决定去郊区露营。 So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off. 由于这么多学生缺席，会议不得不推迟。 3. 表示条件 相当于一个条件状语从句，常置于句首。 Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the history museum next week. 如果时间允许，我下周将去参观历史博物馆。 Everything being equal, I would choose the university with a better academic atmosphere. 如果一切条件相同，我会选择学术氛围更好的那所大学。 4. 表示伴随或补充说明 对主句动作或状态进行伴随性描述，使画面感更强。 He sat in the armchair, a newspaper covering his face. 他坐在扶手椅上，脸上盖着一张报纸。 The soldiers marched on, their flags flying in the wind. 士兵们继续前进，旗帜在风中飘扬。 She rushed into the room, her eyes shining with excitement and her hands trembling. 她冲进房间，眼睛闪烁着兴奋的光芒，双手颤抖着。 【拓展】with 复合结构（独立主格的常用变式） “with + 宾语 + doing” 是独立主格的一种高频形式，语法功能完全相同。 With winter coming on, it is time to buy some warm clothes. 随着冬天来临，该买些保暖衣服了。 With the lights burning, he fell asleep at his desk. 灯亮着，他在书桌旁睡着了。 【易错警示】 独立主格 ≠ 从句：独立主格前不能加任何连词（如 when, if, because, although 等）。若加了连词，就变成了语法错误的结构。 独立主格 ≠ 分词作状语：若分词的逻辑主语与主句主语相同，直接用分词短语作状语即可，不需要再写出独立的逻辑主语。 ✅ Walking in the park, I met an old friend.（主语一致，分词短语） ✅ My daughter walking in the park, I waited for her at the gate.（主语不一致，独立主格） ❌ I walking in the park, I met an old friend.（逻辑主语与主句主语重复，错误） There being 不可省 being：在 “There being + 名词” 的独立主格中，being 不能省略。 重难・核心突破 重难01 -ing做状语【高频考点】 【真题再现】 1.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】__44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____and45____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 2.【2024北京卷】 Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. 3.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, __where_44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【考法预测】 1.【2026・河北省唐山市十校高三上学期 12 月期中】A special television show even had actors playing Tang and Shakespeare, _____________ (show) how their stories about love share much similarity. 2.【2026・江苏省泰州市兴化市六校联考高三上学期期中】POP MART’s designer toys stand as an example of a new wave of innovative Chinese products, _____________ (reshape) global opinions on “Made in China” within the toy industry. 重难02 -ing作定语【高频考点】 【真题再现】 1.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___40___ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 2.【2023年北京卷】She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles of people around the world ____20____(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”. 3.【2022年新高考2卷】Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___36___ (fall) child. 【考法预测】 1.【2026・江西赣州市第一学期高三期末】Drones spread pesticides over fields; livestreaming sales are made on smartphones; and high-speed trains run on bridges _____________ (stretch) across landscapes. These rural yet modern scenes are what appear in the paintings of Zhang Qingyi, a 71-year-old farmer and painter from Shaanxi province. 2.【2026・江苏省镇江市高三上学期 12 月期中】A public art program_____________ (feature) salon discussions, guided exhibition tours and group drawing was held on Sunday at the Song Art Museum in Beijing. 重难03 -ing作补语【中频考点】 【真题再现】 【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____rarely44____ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _____45_____ (want) more next time. 【考法预测】 1.【2026・山东省济钢高级中学高三上学期期中学情检测】Twenty teams from top universities and tech firms participated, with six robots_____________ (complete) the 21-kilometer race. 2.【2026・河北衡水中学度高三上学期期末综合素质评价】I came to China with the intention of telling stories, but instead, I found myself _____________ (live) them. 重难04 -ing作宾语【中频考点】 【真题再现】 1.【2026年全国一卷】Before ____64____ (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, 2.【2026年全国二卷】At the end of the lesson, I feel wide awake, despite it still ____64____ (be) early at 8 am. 3.（2025年1月浙江卷）“I really want to make this work for ____64people’s____ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean _____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 4.【2023年全国乙卷】As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___48___ (record) everything I discovered. 【考法预测】 1.（23-24高三下·北京西城·二模） It means 64 (pretend) the river is not there, continuing to walk, and hoping for the best. 2.I suggest 3 (do) five things to take an active role in your learning. 重难05 -ing作主语和表语【低频考点】 【考法预测】 1. It’s also amazing (explore) the local tea culture, especially learning to appreciate Longjing tea and knowing more about its rich history. 2.As an expert for the Baby Annabell Ask The Experts campaign, people have asked me if (have) a shy personality is something we are born with or if it’s something we develop based on our experiences. 重难06 -ing用于省略句和独立主格结构【低频考点】 【真题再现】 （2025年北京卷）When ____17____ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. 【考法预测】 1.【2026・江苏省南京市高三上学期 12 月期中】According to official data, international tourist arrivals into Shanghai were up nearly 40 percent in the first half of 2025, with the largest numbers of travelers _____________ (come) from South Korea, Thailand and Japan. 2.【2026・安徽省合肥市第一中学高三上学期 1 月】When_____________ (recall) his experience to learn the techniques to make this Shanxi handicraft with a history of hundreds of years, Zhen said in sign language... 拔高・分层集训 基础演练 1.【2026・河北省名校协作体高三上学期 12 月期中】The museum has also worked with the Confucius Institute to display selected silk costumes in Venice,_____________ (expand) its international outreach. 2.【2026・江苏省南通市高三上学期期中】Chinese magic, _____________ (date) back to the Qin and Han Dynasties in ancient China, has a history of 2,000 years. 3.【2026・四川省成都市锦江区嘉祥外国语学校高三上学期期中】In 2025, China’s museums are witnessing a remarkable boom (盛行), _____________ (draw) crowds of visitors and transforming into the most famous cultural centers that combine learning with enjoyment and relaxation. 4.【2026・河北省高三上学期 12 月期中】Modern technological approaches have enabled the identification of various functional structures that traditional methods could not detect, significantly _____________ (reshape) our understanding of Liangzhu as an early state society. 5.【2026・山东师范大学附属中学高三上学期期中】_____________ (weigh) 30 kg, the robot conducted inspection within Yingxian Pagoda in north China’s Shanxi Province. 6.【2026・河北省部分高中学年高三上学期 12 月期中】Both sides celebrated the lion dance as a form of shared history, jointly _____________ (promote) and safeguarding the heritage. 7.【2026・辽宁省阜新市重点高中高三上学期期中考试】Chu Shu, or the End of Heat, is the 14th solar term in the traditional Chinese solar calendar, _____________ (mark) an important seasonal transition. 8.【2026・四川成都市彭州市彭州中学高三上学期期末】The journey began with machines like the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), built in 1945. ENIAC was a monster: it weighed 30 tons, occupied 1,800 square feet, and contained nearly 18,000 vacuum tubes. _____________(process) a single calculation, it often required hours of setup time by a team of operators. 9.【2026・江西赣州市第一学期高三期末】Drones spread pesticides over fields; livestreaming sales are made on smartphones; and high-speed trains run on bridges _____________ (stretch) across landscapes. These rural yet modern scenes are what appear in the paintings of Zhang Qingyi, a 71-year-old farmer and painter from Shaanxi province. 10.【2026・福建泉州市晋江市第一中学上学期秋季高三年第二阶段考试（期末）】His words have gone viral on social media, _____________ (appeal) to netizens. 能力进阶 1.【2026・湖南长沙市第一中学高三上学期期末】_____________ (originate) in the Shang Dynasty, it has developed various styles across different regions of China, such as Su embroidery known for its delicacy, Xiang embroidery famous for its vivid patterns, and Shu embroidery celebrated for its smooth stitches. 2.【2026・湖南长沙市第一中学高三上学期期末】Young people are also showing increasing interest in this craft, learning and inheriting it _____________ (keep) the ancient art alive in modern times. 3.【2026・山东菏泽市山东省菏泽市大联考高三上学期 2 月期末】They also learned about the local agricultural traditions, _____________(gain) hands-on farming experience while engaging in an in-depth cultural exchange. 4.【2026・山东菏泽市山东省菏泽市大联考高三上学期 2 月期末】_____________ (see) this way of nail-free joints to build houses is incredible,” said student Constantin Goffard, who thought that this tradition must be preserved for its unique architectural value and the ancient engineering wisdom behind it. 5.【2026・广东深圳市罗湖区第一学期期末质量检测高三】“Cats _____________ (trap) in the canals are a constant concern,” explains Maggie Ruitenberg from a cat information centre. 6.【2026・河南中原名校联盟高三年级 2 月期末检测】Readers often look up references and search for cultural allusions (典故) mentioned in the stories, thus _____________ (allow) them to encounter a broader range of Chinese culture. 7.【2026・江苏苏州市第一学期期末高三】With a forest coverage rate_____________(exceed) 86 percent, a warm, damp climate, and rich soil, Donglan is home to more than 768 species of medicinal herbs, including highly prized varieties that can boost immunity (免疫力) and support overall health. 8.【2026・安徽宣城市第一学期期末调研测试高三】Anhui chefs are masters at keeping the natural juices and flavors of the ingredients, _____________ (ensure) that each dish is a harmonious blend of tastes. 9.【2026・四川省成都市树德中学高三上学期期末】Currently, goods _____________ (arrive) from other countries undergo inspection upon entry into Hainan. 10.【2026・广东廉江市实验学校高三上学期阶段性测试英语期末】This sensory immersion — hearing the languages, seeing the colors, and observing the social interactions — _____________(create) a deeper, more memorable impression than passive study. 11.【2026・广东廉江市实验学校高三上学期阶段性测试英语期末】This is achieved when users experience daily life from another person’s perspective, _____________ (allow) them to develop a better understanding of different cultures and values. 12.【2026・广东深圳南山高三上学期期末考试】This ultimately (ultimate) creates a living, sustainable landscape where trees, plants, and soil all support one another, _____________ (preserve) both rich biodiversity and ancient cultural heritage. 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $