必修3 UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES（Word教师用书）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（人教版）

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考核心考点，涵盖词汇（含熟词生义）、经典句型、阅读理解及写作模块，按阅读、核心、拓展单词分层梳理词汇体系，通过短语、句型公式构建知识网络。教学流程含考点梳理（如构词法、熟词生义）、方法指导（如“否定词+比较级”句型）、真题训练（如2025全国二卷阅读解析），助力学生系统突破难点。 资料以语言能力和思维品质培养为核心，创新设计读后续写情感细节描写（如“不安”“绝望”场景词汇）和应用文表达升级（如无灵主语句）。通过分层练习（词汇语境运用、阅读清障）和真题精讲保障复习效率，提升学生语言运用与应试能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰指导。

注表示该词的熟词生义。 Ⅰ.阅读单词 1.moral adj. 道德的；道义上的 n. 品行；道德；寓意 2.dilemma n. 进退两难的境地；困境 3.entrust vt. 委托；交付 4.tuition n. (小组)教学；讲课 5.physician n. 医师；(尤指)内科医生 6.colleague n. 同事；同僚 7.faraway adj. 遥远的 8.kindergarten n. 学前班；幼儿园 9.insurance n. 保险；保险业 10.pole n. (行星的)极；地极；杆子，柱 11.lap n. (坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈 12.café n. 咖啡馆；小餐馆 13.waitress n. (餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者 14.pregnant adj. 怀孕的；妊娠的 15.disguise vt. 装扮；假扮；掩盖 n. 伪装；化装用具 16.maple n. 枫树；槭树 17.cart n. 手推车；运货马车 18.spill vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled) (使)洒出；(使)溢出 19.might n. 力量；威力 20.fable n. 寓言；寓言故事；无稽之谈 v. 虚构；讲故事 21.court n. (网球等的)球场；法院；法庭 22.per prep. 每；每一 Ⅱ.核心单词 1.virtue n. 高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质 2.faint vi. 昏倒；晕厥 adj. 不清楚的；微弱的；可能性不大的 3.illustrate vt. (举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图 4.precious adj. 珍稀的；宝贵的 5.fee n. 专业服务费；报酬 6.union n. 协会；联合会；工会 7.hire vt. 聘任；雇用；租用 n. 租借；租用 8.clinic n. 诊所；门诊部 9.decade n. 十年；十年期 10.elsewhere adv. 在别处；去别处 11.publish vt. 发表(作品)；出版 12.staff n. 员工；全体职员 13.principle n. 道德原则；法则；原则 14.passive adj. 被动的；顺从的 15.whisper vi.& vt. 悄声说；耳语；低语 n. 耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传 16.midnight n. 子夜；午夜 17.bite vt.& vi.(bit，bitten) 咬；叮；蜇 n. 咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤 18.lip n. 嘴唇 19.chairman n. 主席；主持人；董事长 20.chain n. 一连串(人或事)；链子；链条 21.limp vi. 跛行；一瘸一拐地走 22.tear n. 眼泪；泪水 v. 撕裂；撕开 23.despair n. 绝望 vi. 绝望；感到无望 24.income n. 收入；收益 25.therefore adv. 因此；所以 学生用书⬇第129页 Ⅲ.拓展单词 1.marriage n.结婚；婚姻→marry v.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶 2.majority n.大部分；大多数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.主修课程；少校 3.complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n.抱怨；投诉 4.respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→response n.反应；回答；回复 5.scholarship n.奖学金→scholar n.学者 6.reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejection n.拒绝接受；否决 7.appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n.约会；任命；委任→appointed adj.约定的；指定的 8.elect vt.选举；推选→election n.选举；推选；当选 9.tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于→tendency n.趋势；趋向 10.retire vt.& vi.退休；退职；退出→retirement n.退休→retired adj.退休的 11.import n.进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进→export n.出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播 12.scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的 13.sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的；敏锐的；(方向)急转的；(声音)突然而响亮的 adv.(……点)整→sharply adv.急剧地；严厉地→sharpen v.(使)变得锋利；(使)提高 14.energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→energy n.精力；活力；能量→energetically adv.积极地；精力充沛地 15.replace vt.接替；取代；更换→replacement n.更换；替换的人/物 16.accident n.事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然地 17.operation n.手术；企业；经营；(有组织的)活动，行动；业务→operate vt.操作；控制；使运转 vi.做手术；经营；运转→operator n.操作员；接线员；经营者 18.assist vt.帮助；援助→assistant n.助理；助手→assistance n.帮助；援助 19.harm n.& vt.伤害；损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmfully adv.有害地→harmless adj.无害的 20.flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地→flexibility n.灵活性 21.tension n.紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tense adj.紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的 n.(动词的)时态 22.memory n.记忆力；回忆→memoriz(s)e vt.记住；记忆 23.saving n.节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款→save vt.救；节省；储蓄 构词法：形容词后缀-ic表“属于……的，具有……性质的” ＋-ic ①organ→organic有机的 ②period→periodic定期的；周期的 ③base→basic基本的 ④history→historic有历史意义的 ⑤scene→scenic风景优美的 特殊记 ⑥drama→dramatic巨大的；戏剧性的 ⑦energy→energetic精力充沛的 ⑧sympathy→sympathetic有同情心的 ⑨enthusiasm→enthusiastic热情的 ⑩optimism→optimistic乐观的 ⑪system→systematic系统的 ⑫science→scientific科学的 Ⅳ.重点短语 1.carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关 2.tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会发生某事 3.pass away 去世 4.trip over 被……绊倒 5.a great deal(of) 大量 6.resident physician 住院医师 7.moral dilemma 道德困境 8.first aid 急救 9.tuition fees 学费 10.in despair 处于绝望中 11.in memory of 作为对……的纪念 12.in tears 流着泪；含着泪 学生用书⬇第130页 Ⅴ.经典句型 1.句型：“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 To a person nothing is more precious than their life...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵的了…… 2.句型：the＋序数词＋名词＋to do She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。 3.句型： 独立主格 After a while，a group of women came along，each balancing a pot of water on her head.过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。 4.句型：neither...nor... Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.无论是她自己，还是她的同伴，都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。 respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应 (response n.回答，答复；反应) 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Their behavior returned to normal，responding(respond) with more excitement，as if sensing the love and attention. (2026·苏锡常镇四市调研二) ②Greatly surprised by her response(respond)，I left with a mixture of gratitude，humility，respect and shame. (情感描写) ③他眼里含着后悔的泪水回答我说：“我再也不会这样做了。” (续写之神情描写) “I will never do that again，” he responded to me with tears of regret in his eyes. 后归纳 (1) respond to 对……做出回应或反应；答复 (2)in response to 对……的答复；对……做出反应 make a response to 对……做出回应 appoint vt.任命；委派(appointment n.约会；约定；预约；委任 appointed adj.约定的；指定的) 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I’m writing to apologise for not being able to accompany you to the bookshop at the appointed(appoint) time. (道歉信) ②很抱歉我不能陪你去书店，因为我已经预约了牙医。 (道歉信) I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookstore，for I have made an appointment with my dentist. ③他在得知自己被任命为队长后，难掩激动之情，手舞足蹈地进了屋。 (动作描写) Learning that he was appointed as head of the team，he couldn’t contain his excitement and danced into the house. 后归纳 (1)appoint sb as/to be... 任命某人为…… appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事 (2)make/have an appointment (with sb) (与某人)约会/预约 keep/break an appointment 守约/违约 学生用书⬇第131页 tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于 (tendency n.倾向，趋势) 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Studies have found that children who spend more time outside tend to be (be) healthier，better adjusted and better at dealing with stress. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) ②As a Senior 3 student，it is normal that you have a tendency to get (get) anxious with time going by. ③我写信是为了向在医院里照顾我妈妈的王女士表示真诚的感谢。 (感谢信) I’m writing to express my sincere thanks to Ms Wang who tended my mother in the hospital. 后归纳 (1)tend to do sth 易于做某事 (2)have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向 replace vt.接替；取代；更换；放回原处 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①As far as I’m concerned，it is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with/by snacks. ②失去的财富可由勤奋而恢复，但失去的时间却一去不复返。 (续写之主旨升华) Lost wealth may be replaced by industry，but lost time is gone forever. ③喜欢其他文化并向其学习是件好事，但它们永远无法取代你自己的文化。 It’s good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them，but they can never replace/take the place of your own culture. 后归纳 (1)replace sth with/by sth 用……替换…… (2)take the place of 代替 take one’s place 代替 (3)in place of 代替 assist vt.帮助；协助；援助 (assistance n.帮助；协助 assistant n.助手；助理) 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Whether it’s helping classmates with their studies，assisting(assist) a teacher with classroom duties，or volunteering for community services，Zhang Jian is always there to lend a hand. (2023·天津3月卷；人物介绍) ②Should you require any assistance(assist) or materials，please don’t hesitate to contact me. (2025·全国二卷；咨询信) ③在他们爸爸的帮助下，这对双胞胎成功了，脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容。 With the assistance of their father，the twins made it，their faces brimming with happy smiles. 后归纳 (1)assist sb to do/in doing sth 帮助某人做某事 assist sb with/in sth 在某方面帮助某人 (2)come/go to one’s assistance 来/去援助某人 with the assistance of... 在……的帮助下 a great deal (of)大量 先练透　对比填空(a great deal/a great deal of)/完成句子 ①Although David ran a great/good deal slower than the other kids，he made it to the finish line with a determined smile brimming on his face. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷；动作描写) ②He devoted a great deal of energy to promoting environmental protection activities. ③By participating in our well-organized activities，you will benefit a great deal from them. ④艾米莉对学习外语更加热情，并开始每天练习法语和西班牙语。(情绪描写) 学生用书⬇第132页 Emily was a great/good deal more enthusiastic about learning foreign languages，and she started practicing French and Spanish every day. 后归纳 (1)a great/good deal of “许多的；大量的”，修饰不可数名词。 (2)a great deal用作名词短语，意为“大量；许多”，作主语或者宾语。 (3)a great/good deal用作副词，可修饰形容词或副词比较级来加强程度，也可以作状语修饰动词。 句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 【教材原句】　To a person nothing is more precious than their life...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵的了…… 先练透　完成句子 ①对我们来说，没有什么比向身处困境中的人们传递善意更重要的了。(主旨升华句) To us，nothing is more important than passing on kindness to those in trouble. ②“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐！”妈妈激动地回答道。 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) “I have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one！” the mother responded excitedly. ③和老人说话时，再礼貌也不为过。 When talking with the elderly，you can’t be too polite/polite enough. 后归纳 (1)“否定词＋比较级”结构中常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody等。 (2)含否定词，表最高级意义的其他表达： ①否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ②否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than ③have/had never/not＋过去分词＋such＋形容词原级＋名词 句型公式：无灵主语句 【教材原句】　The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.中华人民共和国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了重要的作用。 先练透　完成句子 ①令我惊讶的是，冈特毫不犹豫地写下他的电话号码并给了我。“只要您遵守承诺，先生。”一股感激之情涌上我的心头。 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷；动作＋心理描写) To my surprise，Gunter wrote down his phone number without hesitation and gave it to me.“Just keep your promise，Sir.” A feeling of gratitude washed over me. ②2025年见证了人工智能技术在多个行业的快速发展。 The year 2025 witnessed the rapid development of AI technology in many industries. ③不幸的是，随着经济的发展，近年来海洋受到了严重污染。 (2022·全国甲卷；环境保护) Unfortunately，as economy advances，recent years have seen the oceans being polluted seriously. 后归纳 (1)see意为“见证；目睹；经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。 (2)find，witness，experience，wash等词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的修辞手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。 学生用书⬇第133页 1.scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓(scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的) 【诵读领悟】 ①When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us，I was nearly scared to death.(心理描写) 当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。 ②The sudden thunder scared the little girl into tears.突如其来的雷声把小女孩吓哭了。 ③It was so scary a moment that my heart was hammering in my chest. 那一刻真是吓人，吓得我心脏怦怦直跳。 ④Scared and shocked，Sarah stood frozen in place，her mind racing to make sense of what had just happened. (读后续写之心理描写) 既害怕又震惊，莎拉呆立在原地，她的大脑飞速运转，想要弄明白刚刚发生了什么。 【佳句仿写】 Having realized my mistake，I bowed my head timidly，scared to look at my father’s cloudy face. (心理描写) 意识到自己的错误后，我胆怯地低下了头，不敢看父亲那阴郁的脸色。 scare ...away/of 把……吓跑 be scared to do sth 害怕/不敢做某事 be scared to death 吓得要死 be scared of sb/sth 害怕某人/某物 2.tear n.眼泪；泪水 vt.撕碎，撕裂；撕掉，扯掉 【诵读领悟】 ①I couldn’t hold/fight back my tears when the judges thought highly of my beautiful voice. 当评委们高度评价我优美的嗓音时，我忍不住流下了眼泪。 ②She was so angry that she tore the letter into pieces，running into her room in tears. 她气得把信撕成碎片，哭着跑进房间。 ③Hearing their plan，Bernard jumped for joy，tears of happiness and gratitude welling up in his eyes.(情绪描写) 听到他们的计划，伯纳德高兴地跳了起来，幸福和感激的泪水涌上双眼。 ④With all the anger and disappointment exploding in my heart，I finally burst into tears.随着所有的愤怒和失望在我心中爆发，我终于哭了起来。 【佳句仿写】 When the team won the championship，the coach’s eyes were filled with tears of pride. 当球队赢得冠军时，教练的眼里满是自豪的泪水。 (1)tear...into piece 把……撕成碎片 (2)tears blurred/misted one’s eyes 泪眼模糊 be in tears 泪流满面 burst into tears 突然大哭起来 hold/fight back one’s tears 强忍住泪水 be filled with tears 热泪盈眶 3.whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n.耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传 【诵读领悟】 ①As they argued with each other in whispers，Harry moved around the room，only half listening.他们小声争论，哈利在屋里走来走去，漫不经心地听着。 (续写场景描写) ②Hussain drew me aside to whisper in my ear. 侯赛因把我拉到一旁在我耳边说悄悄话。 ③Franklin cupped his hands over Tom’s ear and began whispering his plan.富兰克林窝起手拢着Tom的耳朵低声讲起他的计划。 【佳句仿写】 She leaned over and whispered something in his ear. 她探过身去在他耳边说了些什么。 (1)whisper sth to sb 向某人低声说某事 whisper in one’s ear 对某人耳语 whisper about sth 嘀咕/密谈某事 (2)in a whisper/whispers 低声地；耳语地 学生用书⬇第134页 维度一　词汇语境运用 1.(2026·长沙市联考二)The worries and stresses of everyday life faded away，replaced(replace) by a sense of peace. 2.(2026·贵阳市七校联考二)Maggie，with her big，scared(scare) eyes，expressed her gratitude to them in a barely audible voice. 3.(2023·全国乙卷) Four years later，she was the first African American woman to receive (receive) a medical degree. 4.(2024·浙江1月卷) The chief complaint (complain) about online courses is that they lack human interaction. 5.China has become the first country to land(land) a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. 6.I hope you can assist the students to learn (learn)more about England and Western cultures，which can increase understanding and help build good relationships between us. 7.As we know，recent years have witnessed (witness) great changes taking place in China，particularly in Beijing，Tianjin and Shanghai. 8.The students seemed to expect another boring and dull English lesson，some dropping their eyes and some whispering (whisper)in the back rows. 维度二　阅读理解清障 Ⅰ.熟词生义、一词多义 猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思 1.(2022·全国乙卷) Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board. n.运行；操作 2.We could not decide if it was fact or fable. n.无稽之谈 3.The old man sat by the pond，feeding the fish bread and watching as they lapped at the surface. v.拍打 4.The dog was chained to the leg of the one solid garden seat. vt.用锁链拴住 5.When we tear one page from the calendar，it means our life has been shortened by one day. vt.撕掉 根据语境选择加黑词的含义 6.sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的；敏锐的(生义)；尖刻的(生义)；剧烈的(生义)；急转的(生义) adv.(……点)整(生义) ①He exposed his sharp teeth，glaring at us as he ran forward. adj.锋利的 ②Challenging work might help your brain stay sharp as you age. adj.敏锐的 ③After running for an hour，she felt a sharp pain in her side，which forced her to stop and rest for a while. adj.剧烈的 ④She planned to unlock the shop at 8：00 sharp this morning. adv.(……点)整 ⑤All the footmarks are quite sharp and clear. adj.明显的 ⑥The road ahead has a sharp turn，so drivers need to slow down and be cautious to avoid accidents. adj.急转的 7.faint vi. & n.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的；可能性不大的(生义) ①We heard a faint cry for help from the distance，so we immediately called the police. adj.微弱的 ②There is still a faint hope that she may be cured. adj.可能性不大的 ③When she heard the bad news about her father，she felt her legs go weak and fainted on the spot. vi.昏倒；晕厥 ④The sudden faint scared her family，so they took her to the hospital for a full check-up. n.昏倒；晕厥 Ⅱ.构词法 构词法 前缀 trans-表示“变化”“横跨” 前缀multi-表示“多个” 学生用书⬇第135页 指出下列黑体词的含义 1.(2025·北京卷)Guiding you to develop innovative solutions for real-world challenges and create transformative progress to benefit all communities. adj.变革性的，具有转化作用的 2.Bluetooth chips allow mobile phone users to transmit data over short distances to other mobile phones. vt.传输 3.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)We journalists live in a new age of storytelling，with many new multimedia tools. adj.多媒体的 4.(2022·浙江6月卷)In New York，a multicultural city，students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population. adj.多元文化的 5.(全国Ⅲ卷)Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. adj.几代人的 6.(浙江7月卷)A waiter’s job，for example，that requires multitasking，teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. n.能同时处理多项事情 Part 1.应用文增分练(电子邮件—回顾高中生活) 　　假设你是刚刚步入高三的学生李华，你的朋友Tom写信询问你过去两年的高中生活经历及对高三生活的期待，请你给他写一封回信。 1.过去两年的经历；2.对高三的期待。 　　用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作，再背诵。 【布局谋篇】 开篇：总起全文，表达写信目的 Dear Tom， I’m thrilled to share my two years’ experiences in high school and ①my expectations for the final year(我对最后一年的期望). 中段：回顾自己高中两年的经历 The past two years are full of various challenges which make me grow.Even though it is stressful at times，I’ve found ways to relax and recover during my leisure time，such as ②chatting with friends(和朋友聊天).I have become more confident and responsible，③learning to deal with pressure and never give up on my dreams(学习应对压力并且永不放弃我的梦想). 结尾：展望高三生活 Now，as I step into my final year，I am eager to face new challenges.My main goal is ④to get ahead in my studies(在我的学业上取得进步)while maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Yours， Li Hua 【多元表达】 ⑤The past two years are full of various challenges.(升级为无灵主语) →The past two years witnessed various challenges. 学生用书⬇第136页 Part 2.读后续写提能练 拓展语料积累　情感细节描写之“不安”和“绝望” 【语言素材】 形容词 helpless，hopeless，desperate，uneasy 名词 helplessness，hopelessness，desperation，despair，uneasiness　 眼睛 ①look in despair 绝望地看着 ②watch helplessly 无助地/眼睁睁地看着 ③give sb a look of desperation 绝望地看了某人一眼 ④a look of desperation 绝望的眼神 声音/ 哭泣 ①utter a cry of despair 发出绝望的叫声 ②hear the despair in one’s voice 听出某人声音中的绝望 ③sigh with despair 绝望地叹气 ④despair choked one’s words 绝望得说不出话来 ⑤erupt into desperate sobs 绝望地啜泣 ⑥a note of desperation in one’s voice 话音中带着绝望的语气 其他 ①a sense/feeling of hopelessness/helplessness 绝望/无力感 ②in despair/desperation 绝望地 ③abandon oneself to despair/fall into despair 陷入绝望 ④throw sb into desperation 使某人陷入绝望 【靓句表达】 1.When the doctor shook his head gently，the patient’s family exchanged a look of desperation，knowing the situation was bad.当医生轻轻摇头时，病人家属交换了一个绝望的神情，明白情况已经很糟。 2.Fog began creeping into the forest.Everything around them was swallowed by the darkness，which undoubtedly left them even more desperate. 树林开始起雾了，他们周围的一切都被黑暗吞噬，这无疑使他们更加绝望。(用环境描写烘托人物的绝望) 3.Gazing at the darkness around him，Tod was seized by a feeling of despair. 托德看着四周的黑暗，他深感绝望。 4.When her child ran toward the busy street，she rushed over with her heart in her mouth，yelling for him to stop.当她的孩子朝繁忙的马路跑去时，她心提到嗓子眼儿，冲过去大喊着让孩子停下。 5.She was so nervous that she felt her throat tight and her mouth dry，wondering what to do next. 她紧张得喉咙发紧，嘴里发干。揣摩着下一步怎么办。 续写语料运用　用表“不安”和“绝望”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵 微场景：“遇险求生” ——陷入险境，求助无果时的“不安”和“绝望” 　　We had no phone signal，and the highway was 900 feet above us.All we could do was yell for help，and a seemingly great distance seemed to separate us from potential rescuers.With our voices echoing through the valley，①despair grew bit by bit in every shout (绝望在每一声呼喊中渐渐滋长).As the minutes turned into hours，②fear and desperation overwhelmed us (我们既害怕又绝望，无灵主语句) and we couldn’t help but wonder if anyone would ever hear us.Worse still，fog began creeping into the valley.Everything was swallowed by darkness，③leaving us even more helpless (使我们更加无助，动词-ing形式短语作状语).We let out a low sigh，④despair settling heavily in our chests (心里满是绝望，独立主格). 学生用书⬇第137页 (2025·全国二卷，阅读D) Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food？ Mine does.Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa，where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant，supermarket，and supply chain industries.From technological solutions to educational campaigns，food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing.But last month，one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way： It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March，Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED，and served items like fried skate cartilage，a juice pulp burger，and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad.Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1，000 in revenue (收入)，and of that waste only 15.7％ is donated or recycled.Up to 84.3％ is simply thrown out.Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems，but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage.Instead，all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving.Things like kale ribs，fish collars，rejected sweet potatoes，and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and，with the help of a number of good chefs，turned into excellent cuisine. Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews，it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment； Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu.Nevertheless，it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability，and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. [做真题]——感悟高考考法 32.What can be inferred about the author’s early life？ A.He witnessed food shortage. B.He enjoyed the local cuisine. C.He donated food to Africans. D.He helped to cook at home. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，作者在南非长大，非洲有孩子挨饿是事实，由此可推知作者早年目睹过食物短缺现象。 33.Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment？ A.To customize dishes for guests. B.To make the public aware of food waste. C.To test a food processing method. D.To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。 根据第三段最后一句“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.”可知，Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实验是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。 34.What is paragraph 5 mainly about？ A.Why the ingredients were used. B.Which dishes were best liked. C.What the dishes were made of. D.Where the ingredients were bought. 答案：C 解析：段落大意题。第五段首句否定“垃圾食材”的说法，随后列举羽衣甘蓝茎秆、鱼颈肉、淘汰的甘薯、黄瓜头等非常规食材来说明菜品原料的构成。 35.What can we learn about wastED？ A.It has ended as planned. B.It is creating new jobs. C.It has regained popularity. D.It is criticized by top chefs. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews，it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment； Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu.”可知，wastED从一开始就是短期实验，Blue Hill餐厅现已恢复常规菜单。由此推断，wastED已按计划结束。 学生用书⬇第138页 [厘脉络]——厘清行文结构 [再利用]——深挖文本资源 (一)由文本积重点词汇 1.reminder n.[派生] 提醒人的事物 2.prayer n.[派生] 祈祷，祷告 3.rename v.[派生] 重新命名，更名 4.tailor-made adj.[合成] 特制的 5.re-appropriate v.[派生] 重新利用 6.short-lived adj.[合成] 短暂的 7.shortage n.[派生] 短缺 8.processing n.[派生] 加工，处理 (二)由文本变熟词生义 1.cut 熟义：v.切，割，剪 生义：n.切下的一块肉 Instead，all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. 2.reject 熟义：vt.拒绝 生义：vt.(因质量不好而)废弃，淘汰 Things like kale ribs，fish collars，rejected sweet potatoes，and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and，with the help of a number of good chefs，turned into excellent cuisine. 3.address 熟义：n.地址 生义：vt.处理 Nevertheless，it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability，and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. (三)由文本学长难句分析 　Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa，where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. [分析]　本句是一个复合句。主句为Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa；where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time为定语从句，修饰先行词South Africa，从句中含有 more of...than...(与其说……不如说……)结构。 [翻译]　这种感受或许源于我在南非的成长经历——在那里，“非洲有孩子在挨饿”这句话与其说是饭前的祷告词，不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $