必修3 UNIT 1 FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS（Word教师用书）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕词汇、句型、写作等核心考点，按阅读单词、核心单词、拓展单词、短语、句型的逻辑层次递进，通过考点梳理、方法指导、真题训练等环节，帮助学生构建知识网络，突破高频难点，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 资料突出语言能力与思维品质培养，如通过熟词生义猜测、长难句分析提升阅读理解能力，应用文增分练提供中秋节写作模板，读后续写积累“失望、孤独”情感细节语料。分层练习配合真题解析，助力学生高效掌握考点，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰指引。

注表示该词的熟词生义。 Ⅰ.阅读单词 1.lantern n.　　　　 灯笼；提灯 2.carnival n. 狂欢节；嘉年华 3.costume n. (某地或某历史时期的)服装；戏装 4.riddle n. 谜语；神秘事件 5.samba n. 桑巴舞；桑巴舞曲 6.make-up n. 化妆品；性格；构成方式 7.evil adj. 邪恶的；有害的；罪恶的 n. 邪恶；罪恶；恶行 8.commercial adj. 商业(化)的；以获利为目的的 9.commercialise (NAmE also -ize) vt. 使商业化；利用……牟利 10.commercialisation(NAmE also -ization) n. 商业化 11.Christmas carol 圣诞颂歌 12.Merry Christmas！ 圣诞快乐！ 13.pumpkin n. 南瓜 14.pudding n. 布丁；(餐末的)甜食 15.mashed potatoes 土豆泥 16.turkey n. 火鸡；火鸡肉 17.roast turkey 烤火鸡肉 18.autonomous adj. 自治的；有自治权的 19.wrestling n. 摔跤运动 20.wrestler n. 摔跤运动员 21.archery n. 射箭术；射箭运动 22.robe n. 袍服；礼袍 23.eagle n. 雕 24.pot n. 罐；壶；锅 Ⅱ.核心单词 1.march vi.& n. 行进；前进；示威游行 2.ceremony n. 典礼；仪式 3.range n. 一系列；范围、界限；山脉 vi. 包括；(在一定范围内)变化 4.figure n. 人物；数字；身材；人影；图形；图表 vt. 认为；认定；计算 5.harvest n. 收获季节；收获；收成 vi.& vt. 收割(庄稼)；捕猎(动物、鱼) 6.crop n. 庄稼；作物；一季的收成 7.gather vi. 聚集；集合 vt. 聚集；搜集；收割 8.feature vt. 以……为特色；由……主演 vi. 起重要作用 n. 特色；特征；特点；(报刊、电视等的)特写，专题节目；面貌的一部分 9.church n. (基督教的)教堂；礼拜堂 10.fade vi.& vt. 逐渐消失；(使)褪色；(身体)变得虚弱 11.typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的；平常的 12.firecracker n. 鞭炮；爆竹 13.medium n.(pl.media) 媒介；手段；方法 adj. 中等的；中号的 14.the media 大众传播媒介 15.atmosphere n. 气氛；氛围；(地球的)大气(层) 16.eve n. 前夕；前一天 17.envelope n. 信封；塑料封套 18.roast adj. 烤的；焙的 vi.& vt. 烘烤；焙 19.firework n. 烟火；烟花；[pl.]烟花表演 20.wrestle vi.& vt. 摔跤；奋力对付 21.inner adj. 内部的；里面的；内心的 22.frank adj. 坦率的；直率的 23.fancy adj. 花哨的；精致的；昂贵的；奢华的 vt. 想要；倾慕；想象；自认为是 24.absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地 学生用书⬇第119页 25.moment n. 片刻；瞬间 26.tent n. 帐篷 27.brief adj. 简洁的；简单的；短暂的 28.branch n. 树枝；分支；支流 29.wedding n. 婚礼；结婚庆典 30.clap vt. 鼓掌；拍手；击掌 n. 鼓掌；拍手；掌声 Ⅲ.拓展单词 1.congratulation n.祝贺；恭喜→congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪 2.religion n.宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教的；笃信宗教的 3.charm n.魅力；迷人的特征；咒语 v.吸引，迷住；(以魔法或似有魔法)控制，保护→charming adj.有魅力的；迷人的 4.joy n.高兴；喜悦→joyful adj.高兴的；快乐的→joyfully adv.开心地 5.gratitude n.感激之情；感谢→grateful adj.感激的；表示感谢的 6.agricultural adj.农业(劳动/生产)→agriculture n.农业；农艺 7.grace n.优美；优雅；高雅→graceful adj.优雅的；优美的 8.significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的→significance n.重要性，意义；意思，含义 9.reflect vt.显示；反映；反射 vi.& vt.认真思考；沉思→reflection n.倒影；反映；思考 10.belief n.信仰；信心；信任→believe vt.相信→believable adj.可以相信的→unbelievable adj.难以置信的 11.faith n.宗教信仰；信任；相信→faithful adj.忠诚的；虔诚的→faithfully adv.如实地；忠诚地 12.occasion n.特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)；(适当的)机会→occasional adj.偶然的，偶尔的→occasionally adv.偶尔；间或 13.merry adj.愉快的；高兴的→merrily adv.高兴地；愉快地 14.pleased adj.高兴的；满意的→pleasant adj.令人愉快的→please v.使满意；使愉快→pleasure n.愉快；乐事 15.represent vt.象征；代表；相当于→representative n.代表 adj.有代表性的 16.region n.地区；区域；地带→regional adj.地区的，区域的 17.respect n.& vt.尊敬；尊重→respectful adj.恭敬的；表示敬意的→respectable adj.值得尊敬的；体面的；相当好的 18.horrible adj.令人震惊的；恐怖的；极坏的→horror n.畏惧；憎恶；震惊→horribly adv.可怕地；极糟糕地 19.origin n.起源；起因；出身→original adj.最初的；原创的 n.原件；真迹→originally adv.起初；原来→originate v.起源于 20.decorate vt.装饰；装潢→decoration n.装饰；装潢 构词法：形容词后缀-ful表“充满……的，有……性质(或倾向)的” 直接＋-ful ①event→eventful充满大事的；多变故的 ②faith→faithful忠实的；守信的 ③joy→joyful高兴的；快乐的 ④meaning→meaningful有意义的 ⑤peace→peaceful和平的 ⑥harm→harmful有害的 ⑦colour→colourful充满色彩的 ⑧wonder→wonderful精彩的 特殊记 ⑨beauty→beautiful美好的 Ⅳ.重点短语 1.dress (sb) up　　　　 穿上盛装；装扮 2.after all 毕竟；别忘了 3.range from...to... 包括从……到……之间 4.fade away 逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱 5.in spite of 不管；尽管 6.take advantage of 利用；欺骗；占……的便宜 7.have sth in common (兴趣、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征 8.to be frank 坦白说；坦率地说 9.go off 爆炸；走火；离开 10.except for 除……之外 11.set off 出发；动身；启程；引起；燃放 学生用书⬇第120页 Ⅴ.经典句型 1.句型：no matter how引导让步状语从句 However，no matter how different they may seem，all over the world，the spirit of sharing joy，gratitude，love，or peace is common in all festivals. 然而，无论节日多么迥异，在世界各地，分享快乐、感恩、友爱或和平的精神存在于所有节日之中。 2.句型：make it＋形容词/名词＋(for sb) to do sth Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. 购物网站和社交媒体应用程序极大地方便了人们为至亲至爱花更多钱购买礼物。 3.句型：句型公式：动词-ing形式作伴随状语 I’m finally back home now，feeling really tired，but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it.现在我终于回到家了，感到十分疲倦，但是和我的朋友一起欢度“那达慕”大会是完全值得的。 4.句型：with复合结构 Festivals are becoming more and more commercial，with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. 节日正变得越来越商业化，商家会利用这些庆祝活动(进行促销)。 congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪(congratulation n.祝贺；恭喜；(pl.)贺词) 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I am writing a letter of congratulation(congratulate) to my monitor on his being elected as chairman of the student council. ②The audience burst into thunderous cheers，congratulating (congratulate) him on finishing the race. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷；场景描写) ③得知你在汉语书法比赛中获得第一名，我写信向你表示诚挚的祝贺。 (祝贺信) Learning that you have won the first place in the Chinese Calligraphy Competition，I’m writing to express my sincere congratulations to you. 后归纳 (1) congratulate sb on (doing) sth 因(做)某事向某人祝贺 (2)express/offer one’s congratulations to sb (on sth) (因某事)向某人致以祝贺 range n.一系列；范围、界限 vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Our school features a diverse variety of clubs，ranging (range) from the Chess Club to the Photography Club. (告知信) ②文章应该在300到500词之内，重点是环境保护的重要性。 (征稿) The essay should be within the range of 300 to 500 words，focusing on the importance of environmental protection. ③此外，你可以组织各种各样的活动，从步行游览北京到植树，为城市的绿色未来做出贡献。 (2023·北京卷；建议信) Moreover，you can arrange a wide range of activities，which range from a walking tour around Beijing to planting trees to contribute to the city’s green future. (定语从句) 后归纳 (1)a wide range of　　 一系列的；各种各样的 beyond/out of range 在射程外；在范围外 within the range of... 在射程以内；在……范围内 (2)range from ...to ... 包括从……到……之间 range between ...and ... 在……和……范围内 学生用书⬇第121页 grateful adj.感激的；表示感谢的(gratitude n.感激之情；感谢) 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I am very grateful to you and your family for taking care of me during my study tour in the UK.(感谢信) ②Content and joyful，she flew about two meters above the ground，turning her head from side to side as if expressing her gratitude (grateful)to me for saving her life again. ③不久，我上了公交车，给了我的新朋友一个感激的微笑，并向他挥手道别。 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷；动作描写) Soon，I boarded the bus and gave him a grateful smile，waving goodbye to my newest friend. 后归纳 be grateful to sb for sth　 因某事而感激某人 be grateful that... 感激…… I would be grateful if you could do... 如果你能做……，我将不胜感激。 significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的；重要的 (significance n.重要性；重要意义) 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In the past few years，online learning has become a significant(significance) part of the university and college experience. (2024·浙江1月卷) ②Secondly，the high-speed train network has revolutionized long-distance travel，significantly (significant) reducing travel time across the country. (2024·全国甲卷) ③我认为在学校锻炼身体很重要，因此我们学生必须积极按时上体育课。 (学校生活) I attach great significance to working out at school，so we students must have PE classes actively and punctually. 后归纳 (1)be significant for　　　 对……是重要的 It is significant that ... 很明显…… (2)be of (great/no/little) significance to ... 对……(很/不)重要 attach (great) significance to (doing) sth 认为(做)某事(很)重要 reflect vt.显示；反映；反射(reflection n.思考；映射；反射；倒影) 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He lowered his head，reflecting(reflect) on what I said to him just now. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷；动作＋心理描写) ②Finally，the rise of new energy vehicles reflects(reflect) China’s commitment to sustainable development and reducing carbon emissions. (2024·全国甲卷书面表达) ③听到我的话，他低下了头，陷入沉思中。(读后续写之动作描写) At my words，he hung his head，lost in deep reflection. 后归纳 (1)reflect on/upon sth　　 反省/认真思考某事 be reflected in 倒映在；反映在 (2)be lost in reflection 陷入深思中 represent vt.象征；代表；相当于(representative n.代表 adj.典型的；有代表性的) 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Last but not least，I feel it a great honour to represent (represent)my class to take part in the group dancing competition held last week. ②Li Bai was a representative(represent) of the poets in Tang Dynasty，who was also one of the poets I admire most. (2023·全国甲卷；人物介绍) 学生用书⬇第122页 ③我非常高兴代表我们学校告诉你们有关即将到来的排球比赛的一些事宜。 Representing/On behalf of our school，I’m glad to tell you something about the coming volleyball game. 后归纳 (1)represent sb/sth as/to be... 宣称某人为……；把某事叙述为…… represent sth to sb 向某人说明(传达)某事 (2)represent sb/on behalf of sb 代表某人 respect vt.& n.尊敬；尊重 n.敬意；方面 (respectable adj.值得尊敬的；体面的，得体的；相当好的respectful adj.恭敬的；表示敬意的) 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①They make me feel valued and respected(respect)，no matter my level of artistic ability. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) ②中国的孩子们在成长过程中一直受到这样的教育：要珍惜每一粒粮食，出于对农民辛勤劳动的尊重。 Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice，out of respect for farmers’ labour. ③随着升旗仪式的开始，所有的学生都站得笔直不动，眼睛盯着国旗，表达对自己国家的尊重。 As the flag-raising ceremony began，all the students stood still and straight，their eyes fixed on the flag，showing respect for their country. 后归纳 (1)respect sb for sth 因为某事而尊敬某人 show respect for sb 尊重某人 out of respect for... 出于对……的尊敬 (2)in many respects 在许多方面 give one’s respects to sb 代某人向……问候 with respect to 至于，关于；就……而言 set off出发；动身；启程；燃放(烟花)；引起；激起 先练透　用set的相关短语填空/完成句子 ①At 7 a.m.last Saturday we set off/out for the farm merrily like caged birds newly set free.On arriving at the farm，we set up tents and then set about picking fruits.What a meaningful and beneficial activity it was！ (全国Ⅱ卷；书面表达) ②即使你很忙，你也应该每天抽出几分钟来锻炼。 (倡议书) You should try to set aside a few minutes each day to take exercise even if you are very busy. ③我们燃放烟花迎接新年，夜空中充满了绚丽的色彩和响亮的轰鸣。 (场景描写) We set off fireworks to welcome the new year，filling the sky with bright colors and loud booms. 后归纳 set off for　　　　　　 动身去(某地) set aside 省出，留出(钱、时间、土地等)；暂时不考虑(或放一放) set about (doing sth) 着手/开始做…… set out (to do sth) 出发；开始做…… set down 放下；记下 set up 建立；树立；搭起 句型公式：动词-ing形式作伴随状语 【教材原句】　I’m finally back home now，feeling really tired，but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. 现在我终于回到家了，感到十分疲倦，但是和我的朋友一起欢度“那达慕”大会是完全值得的。 先练透　完成句子 ①作为一名新生，她常常会在这栋6层楼的迷宫里迷路，这让她感到非常无助。 Being a freshman，she tended to get lost in the six-story maze，leaving her so helpless. 学生用书⬇第123页 ②刺骨的寒风如狼一般怒吼，使得黑暗更加令人害怕。 (环境描写) The bone-chilling wind howled like a wolf，making the darkness even more frightening. ③独自坐在客厅里，我凝视着墙上的家庭照片，儿时的种种回忆如潮水般涌上心头。 (2025·全国一卷；续写之心理描写) Sitting alone in the living room，I stared at the family photos on the wall，memories of our childhood flooding back. 后归纳 (1)动词-ing形式作状语，所表示的动作与逻辑主语是主动关系。 (2)动词-ing形式作状语除了表示伴随动作以外，还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等。 ◎fade vi.& vt.逐渐消失；(使)褪色；(身体)变得虚弱 【诵读领悟】 ①The smile on her face gradually faded，replaced by a look of sadness as she recalled the painful memory. (情感描写) 她脸上的笑容渐渐褪去，当她回想起那段痛苦的回忆时，取而代之的是一脸悲伤。 ②They walked through the streets，little by little，the city lights faded，and the stars above became increasingly obvious. (景色描写) 他们走在街上，一点一点地，城市的灯光变暗，头顶的星星越来越亮。 ③The excitement in the children’s eyes faded like the setting sun when they learned the trip was canceled. (情感变化) 当孩子们得知旅行取消时，他们眼中的兴奋如同落日般渐渐消逝。 【佳句仿写】 The moment I stepped onto the stage and began my performance，all my fears faded.As the last note faded，the audience’s applause and cheers arose. (场景描写＋情感变化) 当我走上舞台开始表演的那一刻，我所有的恐惧都消失了。随着最后一个音符的消失，观众的掌声和欢呼声响起来。 fade away逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱 维度一　词汇语境运用 1.(2025·全国一卷) Secondly，the guessing process itself is a joyful (joy)experience，which will foster closer relationships between classmates. 2.(2026·广东名校模拟一)Sensing their sincere heart，I truly realized the significance(significant) of medical aid and was more determined to continue this career. 3.The Summer Palace，the Forbidden City，the Great Wall and so on are the representatives (represent) of ancient civilization and the wisdom of ancient people. 4.It is my firm belief(believe) that higher education will make a person live a better life. 5.We Chinese think it very significant to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival.No matter how busy we are，it is typical of us to admire (admire) the full moon and enjoy mooncakes together. 6.The Mid-Autumn Festival is a special occasion when all families get together，admiring the moon and enjoying mooncakes. 7.Yuan Longping was a Chinese agricultural(agriculture) scientist and educator，known for developing the first hybrid rice varieties in the 1970s. 学生用书⬇第124页 维度二　阅读理解清障 Ⅰ.熟词生义、一词多义 猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思 1.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. v.收获 2.I dislike seeing TV commercials when enjoying a wonderful soap opera. n.广告 3.The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off. adj.数量相当大的 4.These missiles have a range of 300 miles. n.射程 根据语境选择加黑词的含义 5.figure n.人物；数字；身材；人影(生义) vt.认为；认定；计算(生义) ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Seeing his figure disappearing into thick evergreen forest，I felt relieved. n.人影 ②(2023·全国甲卷)Among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged，Fan Zhongyan is the most influential in my opinion. n.人物 ③Only by means of balanced diets and regular exercise can you keep your figure as well as stay healthy. n.身材 ④Please add up all the figures，and you will get the total. n.数字 6.march vi.& n. 行进；前进；示威游行；进展(生义) ①The march of technology is unstoppable，bringing new inventions that change our daily lives.From smartphones to smart homes，innovation is everywhere. n.进展 ②He gathered his troops and prepared to march to the front. vi.行进；前进 ③The soldiers did a march around the parade ground. n.行进；前进 7.fancy adj. 花哨的；精致的；昂贵的 vt. 想要；倾慕；自认为是 ①He sells poor goods but charges fancy prices. adj.昂贵的 ②I really fancy a cup of hot chocolate right now.It would be perfect on such a cold day. vt.想要 ③He fancies himself as a great chef，but his cooking skills still need a lot of improvement. vt.自认为是 8.feature vt.以……为特色； 由……主演(生义) n.特色；特征；特点； (报刊、电视等的)特写，专题节目(生义) ①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Today，I’m going to introduce to you a magazine that features the art of living. vt.以……为特色 ②It is a great film and it features a Spanish actor who is going to be a world star within a year. vt.由……主演 ③One key feature of her personality is her willingness to help others. n.特点 ④The magazine has a feature on environmental protection this month. n.(报刊、电视等的)特写，专题节目 Ⅱ.构词法 构词法 前缀auto-表示“自动的，自主的”； 前缀micro-表示“微小的” 指出下列黑体词的含义 1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Because the system is automated，it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. adj.自动化的 2.(2024·北京卷)Signing up for the programme does not automatically mean that you will be able to register and participate. adv.自动地 3.(全国乙卷)They will be moving on the track ahead of the train，and programmed to run autonomously. adv.自动地 4.(北京卷)Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. n.微生物学家 5.In a low-gravity environment，we can learn more about changes in cells and microorganisms under the microscope. n.微生物 6.(2025·全国一卷)Now，new research suggests that a simple，cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头)... n.微塑料 学生用书⬇第125页 Part 1.应用文增分练(介绍—中秋节) 　　假定你是李华，你的好友Dave来信向你询问中国的传统佳节——中秋节的情况。请你给他回一封电子邮件，向他介绍这一节日。 　　用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文 【布局谋篇】 开篇：点明写信目的 　　①Glad to receive your letter asking me about traditional Chinese festivals(很高兴收到你的来信询问我关于中国传统节日的事情)，I’m writing to share one with you，the Mid-Autumn Festival. 中段：介绍中秋节 　　The Mid-Autumn Festival，an influential traditional festival，falls on August 15th of the lunar calendar，and is observed by us Chinese. 　　This festival is a time when ②those who work far away from home go back for family reunion，enjoying a large meal with their family(那些远离家乡工作的人回家团圆，与家人共进大餐).At night，people will ③sit together admiring the moon and eating mooncakes(坐在一起赏月、吃月饼)，a symbol of fullness and family togetherness. 结尾：表达期待 　　The Mid-Autumn Festival is ④such an important and appealing festival that everyone looks forward to it every year(是一个重要而有吸引力的节日，以至于大家每年都非常盼望过中秋). 【多元表达】 ⑤The Mid-Autumn Festival，an influential traditional festival，falls on August 15th of the lunar calendar，and is observed by us Chinese. (升级为分词作状语、分词作定语) →Falling on August 15th of the lunar calendar，the Mid-Autumn Festival is an influential traditional festival observed by us Chinese. Part 2.读后续写提能练 拓展语料积累　情感细节描写之“失望、孤独” 【语言素材】 形容词/ 副词 disappointed，lonely，alone，upset 名词/ 动词 disappointment，loneliness，disappoint 脸 a look of disappointment/loneliness flashed across/spread across/crossed one’s face脸上露出失望/孤独的表情 眼睛/ 声音 ①see the disappointment in one’s eyes　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　看到某人眼中的失望 ②one’s eyes be filled with/be full of disappointment/loneliness 眼里满是失望/孤独 ③hear the disappointment in one’s voice 听出某人声音中的失望 ④a note/touch of disappointment 一丝失望 ⑤in a tone/voice of disappointment 用失望的语气/声音 短语 ①be overcome/be consumed with/be overwhelmed by disappointment　　非常失望 ②to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是 ③hide one’s disappointment 掩饰某人的失望 ④disappointment flooded over sb 某人大失所望 ⑤fight/choke/force/hold back tears of disappointment 忍住失望的泪水 学生用书⬇第126页 【靓句表达】 1.Overcome with bitter disappointment at his failing to win a prize，he locked himself up in his room. 他对未能获奖感到极度失望，于是把自己锁在房间里。 2.Tony was suddenly thrown into a world of darkness and sank into hopelessness. 托尼感觉突然被投入一个黑暗的世界，陷入了绝望。 3.He stared at me，disappointment written all over his face.他满脸失望地看着我。 4.I looked around，but no one came into sight. A feeling of disappointment and loneliness suddenly overwhelmed me. 我环顾四周，视线里一个人也没有，一种失望和孤独感突然涌上我的心头。 5.When I told her I couldn’t make it to her birthday dinner，a touch of disappointment crossed her face before she quickly smiled and said，“No worries.” 当我告诉她无法参加她的生日晚宴时，一丝失望掠过她的脸庞，随即她便笑着说：“没关系。” 续写语料运用　用表“失望、孤独”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵 微场景：主题“人与自然”——看到环境被污染时的“失望、孤独” 　　①With a look of disappointment spreading across our faces (我们脸上满是失望，with复合结构)，we desperately wondered what had happened to our beloved village.Looking at our anxious faces，Grandfather ②sighed in a voice of disappointment (失望地叹气，介词短语).It was those visitors who did help us earn more money，but they also brought massive amounts of rubbish，which caused severe pollution and changed our beautiful village completely.While telling us about the changes，Grandfather gazed at the sea，③his eyes filled with/full of disappointment and helplessness (眼里满是失望和无助，独立主格). (2023·浙江1月卷阅读理解C) A machine can now not only beat you at chess，it can also outperform you in debate.Last week，in a public debate in San Francisco，a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents，including Noa Ovadia，Israel’s former national debating champion. Brilliant though it is，Project Debater has some weaknesses.It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together.This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out，yet they also point to a fundamental problem.As Kristian Hammond，professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University，put it：“There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.” What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning，and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines.A computer works with symbols.Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another.But it does not specify what those symbols mean.Indeed，to a computer，meaning is irrelevant.Humans，in thinking，talking，reading and writing，also work with symbols.But for humans，meaning is everything.When we communicate，we communicate meaning.What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols，but the inside too，not just how they are arranged but what they mean. Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction，not of computation，interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads.The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads，but also outside，in society，in social memory，social conventions and social relations.It is this that distinguishes humans from machines.And that’s why，however astonishing Project Debater may seem，the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence. 学生用书⬇第127页 [做真题]——感悟高考考法 28.Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph？ A.To explain the use of a software program. B.To show the cleverness of Project Debater. C.To introduce the designer of Project Debater. D.To emphasize the fairness of the competition. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，作者提到以色列前国家辩论冠军Noa Ovadia是为了说明Project Debater在辩论方面比人类出色，即为了展示Project Debater的聪明。 29.What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to？ A.Arguments. B.Doubts. C.Errors. D.Differences. 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词的前一句可知，wrinkles指代errors。画线词wrinkles所在的句子表示“这样的错误毫无疑问会被纠正”。 30.What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond？ A.Create rules. B.Comprehend meaning. C.Talk fluently. D.Identify difficult words. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句以及第三段中的“What Hammond is referring to ...the most intelligent of machines.”可知，根据Hammond的说法，Project Debater做不到的是理解意义。 31.What can we learn from the last paragraph？ A.Social interaction is key to understanding symbols. B.The human brain has potential yet to be developed. C.Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters. D.Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。最后一段聚焦“意义的产生”，指出意义是通过社会互动生成的，而非计算。由此可推知，社会互动是理解符号的关键。 [厘脉络]——厘清行文结构 [再利用]——深挖文本资源 (一)由文本积重点词汇 1.meaningless adj.[派生]　　　 无意义的 2.rearrange v.[派生] 重新安排 3.transformation n.[派生] 变化 4.prebuilt adj.[派生] 预制的 5.software n.[合成] 软件 6.specify v.[派生] 具体说明；详述 7.social interaction 社交互动 (二)由文本变熟词生义 1.string 熟义：n.细绳；线；带 生义：v.串起 It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. 2.iron 熟义：n.铁，铁器；熨斗 生义：v.解决 Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out，yet they also point to a fundamental problem. 3.shape 熟义： n.形状 生义：v.塑造 Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction，not of computation，interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. (三)由文本学长难句分析 　What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols，but the inside too，not just how they are arranged but what they mean. [分析]　这是一个复合句。what引导主语从句；表语是由两个not just...but...构成的排比句。 [翻译]　重要的不仅仅是一串符号的外部形式，还有其内部；不仅仅是它们如何排列，还有它们的意义是什么。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $