必修1 5 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS（Word教师用书）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕自然灾害主题，整合阅读词汇、核心动词、经典句型及熟词生义等高考核心考点，按基础词汇-拓展应用-语境实战的逻辑层次展开，通过考点梳理、方法指导、真题训练等环节，帮助学生构建系统知识网络，突破词汇辨析与语境运用难点。 资料以语言能力和思维品质培养为核心，创新设计读写结合训练，如读后续写提供情感细节描写语料及微场景补全，助力学生提升表达准确性。设置分层练习与真题解析，确保高效复习，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

注表示该词的熟词生义。 Ⅰ.阅读单词 1.tornado n.(pl.-oes or -os) 龙卷风；旋风 2.drought n. 旱灾；久旱 3.landslide n.(landfall) (山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡 4.tsunami n. 海啸 5.volcanic eruption 火山喷发 6.magnitude n. 震级；重大 7.evacuate vt. 疏散；撤出 vi. 撤离 8.helicopter n. 直升机 9.crack n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt. (使)破裂 10.percent n. 百分之…… adj.& adv. 每一百中 11.brick n. 砖；砖块 12.metal n. 金属 13.unify vi.& vt. 统一；(使)成一体 14.volcano n.(pl.-oes or -os) 火山 15.typhoon n. 台风 16.hurricane n. (尤指西大西洋的)飓风 17.whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨 n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声 18.kit n. 成套工具；成套设备 19.context n. 上下文；语境；背景，环境 Ⅱ.核心单词 1.disaster n. 灾难；灾害 2.slide vi.& vt.(slid，slid) (使)滑行；滑动 n. 幻灯片 3.flood n. 洪水；大量 vi. 淹没；大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水；淹没 4.rescue n.& vt. 营救；救援 5.damage vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失 6.affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 7.shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险) 8.gas n. 气体；燃气；汽油 9.trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱 10.effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 11.supply n. 供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt. 供应；供给 12.tap vi.& vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n. 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 13.pipe n. 管子；管道 14.emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 15.aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal) 帮助；援助 16.crash vt.& vi. 碰撞；撞击 n. 撞车；碰撞 17.sweep vt.& vi.(swept，swept) 打扫；清扫；席卷；横扫 18.wave n. 海浪；波浪；心潮 vi.& vt. 挥手；招手；飘扬，飘动，摇晃，起伏 19.strike vi.& vt.(struck，struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 学生用书⬇第47页 Ⅲ.拓展单词 1.disaster n.灾难；灾害→disastrous adj.极糟糕的；灾难性的；完全失败的 2.destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭→destruction n.毁坏；毁灭→destructive adj.破坏(或毁灭)性的→destroyed/destroyed (过去式/过去分词) 3.death n.死；死亡→die vi.死；死亡→dead adj.死的；不运行的→deadly adj.致命的；极度的adv.极其；非常→dying adj.垂死的；临终的；渴望的 4.ruin n. & vt.破坏；毁坏 vt.毁灭 n.毁灭→ruins n. (pl.)废墟→ruined adj.毁坏的 5.shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→shocked adj.震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shockingly adv.惊人地；非常地；极坏地 6.electricity n.电；电能；强烈的感情；激动→electric adj.电的；用电的；令人激动的 7.breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n.呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的 8.wisdom n.智慧；才智→wise adj.明智的→wisely adv.明智地→unwise adj.不明智的 9.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦；变差→suffering n.痛苦；苦难→sufferer n.患病者；受苦者；受难者 10.erupt vi. & vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出；突然发出(尤指叫喊→eruption n.爆发；喷发 11.power n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 vt.驱动，推动→powerful adj.强大的；强有力的；有影响力的powerless adj.没有能力的；无权力的→powered adj.由……驱动的；电动的 12.calm adj.镇静的；沉着的；平静的 vt.使镇静→calmly adv.镇静地；平静地→calmness n.镇静 13.deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表；助产，接生；分娩，生孩子→delivery n.投递；送交 14.summary n.总结；概括；概要→summaris(z)e vt.& vi.总结；概括 15.effect n.效果；结果；影响→effective adj.有效的 16.length n.长；长度→long adj.长的→lengthen v.(使)变长 17.bury vt.埋葬；安葬→burial n.埋葬；葬礼 18.revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒→revival n.振兴；复苏 19.survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过；比……活(或存在)的时间长→survivor n.幸存者；生还者→survival n.幸存；生还→surviving adj.幸存的；残存的；健在的 构词法：名词后缀-th表示性质、状态、动作或结果等 直接＋ ①grow→growth增长；生长；成长 ②warm→warmth温暖 去e＋ ③deep→depth深度 ④true→truth真相；真理 ⑤wide→width宽度 o变e＋ ⑥long→length长度 ⑦strong→strength力量 特殊记 ⑧dead→death死亡 ⑨young→youth青春，青年 Ⅳ.重点短语 1.dig out　　　　　　　　 挖掘 2.sweep away 消灭；彻底消除 3.the number of... ……的数量 4.first aid kit 急救箱 5.volcanic eruption 火山喷发 6.in the open air 露天；在户外 7.on hand 现有(尤指帮助) 8.in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 9.in shock 震惊；吃惊 10.as usual 像往常一样 Ⅴ.经典句型 1.句型：too...to...“太……而不能……” Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。 2.句型：as if 似乎；好像；仿佛 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！ 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 3.句型：be doing...when... I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水突然开始灌入屋内。 学生用书⬇第48页 affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动(affection n.感情；喜爱) 先练透　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Deeply affected (affect) by his story，many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled. ②As we know，the environment is facing serious problems，affecting(affect) everyone’s life. (2025·北京卷；建议信) ③她是一位平凡的老师，热爱自己的工作，对学生表现出极大的关爱。 She is an ordinary teacher who loves her work and shows great affection for her students. 后归纳 (1)be (deeply/greatly) affected by... (深)受……影响 be affected with... 染上……疾病 (2)show/have/feel/develop an affection for... 喜欢…… suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 (suffering n.折磨；苦难；痛苦 sufferer n.受难者；患者) 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The smiles on their faces have deeply touched me and inspired me to devote my life to helping those suffering(suffer)pain. (主旨升华) ②Whenever the scores were announced，Susan felt like a sufferer (suffer)，her heart racing with anxiety.(心理描写) ③得知我的搭档得了重病，我非常焦虑，所以我冲向了医院。 (2022·浙江1月卷；读后续写) Knowing that my partner was suffering from a serious illness，I was burning with anxiety，so I darted towards the hospital. 后归纳 suffer a lot of pain　　　　 遭受巨大的痛苦 suffer severe damage 损失惨重 suffer from 遭受；患病 bury vt.(buried，buried，burying)埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏 先练透　单句语法填空/句式升级 ①Father paced up and down in the room，his hands buried (bury) in his pockets.(动作描写) ②I am buried in reading the English newspaper every day and I have gained lots of colorful knowledge. →Buried in reading the English newspaper every day，I have gained lots of colorful knowledge. (过去分词作状语) →Burying myself in reading the English newspaper every day，I have gained lots of colorful knowledge. (动词-ing形式作状语) 后归纳 (1)　　　　　埋头于；专心于 (2)bury one’s face in one’s hands双手掩面 学生用书⬇第49页 survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过(survivor n.幸存者 survival n.幸存；生还) 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival (survive) from attacks. ②Rowling had spent years surviving(survive) on little money，spending all her time writing. (外研选必一Unit 2) ③生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。 (续写主旨升华) Life isn’t about how to survive the storm；it’s about learning to dance in the rain. 后归纳 survive on　　　　　　 靠……存活下来 survive sth 幸免于；从……中活过来 A survive B (by＋时间) A比B活得长(……) strike vi.& vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打；(时钟等)敲响；擦(火柴)；撞击；给(某人以……)印象；突然想起 n.罢工；罢课；袭击 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She felt a sharp pain when she was struck on the leg by a flying ball during the soccer match. (续写场景描写) ②被他为我所做的事情所感动，我不能自已，感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。 (续写心理描写) Struck by what he had done for me，I couldn’t contain myself，tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks. ③她突然意识到，目标可以通过小步骤逐步实现。 (2024·浙江1月卷； 主旨升华) It struck her that goals are easier to achieve in small steps. ④最让我印象深刻的是哥哥那副沮丧的神情、落寞的身影，以及托比在雨中离去时眼中闪过的一丝悲伤。 (2025·全国一卷；续写情感描写) What struck me most was my brother’s defeated expression，his lonely figure，and the sad flash in Toby’s eyes as he left in the rain. 后归纳 (1)be struck by　　　　　 被……打动/迷住了 strike...into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心 (2)strike sb in/on＋the＋身体部位 打某人某部位 (3)It strikes/struck sb that... 某人觉得……；某人突然想起…… sth strike sb 某人突然想起…… effect n.影响；结果；效果；效力(effective adj.有效的；有影响的) 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Building effective communication skills takes time，but the effects are worth the effort.(effect) (2025·浙江1月卷) ②These effects(effect) aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come. ③李白一生创作了大量优秀的诗歌，对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。 (人物介绍) During Li Bai’s lifetime，he wrote a great number of excellent poems，all of which have a great effect on Chinese culture. 后归纳 take effect　　　　　 生效；见效 come into effect 生效 have an effect/influence/impact on 对……产生影响 put...into effect 实施；使……生效/起作用 学生用书⬇第50页 句型公式： as if...意为“似乎/好像……” 【教材原句】　It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！ 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 先练透　完成句子 ①他伸展四肢，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。(续写动作＋情感描写) He throws his arms and legs out as if he were flying，his eyes wide with excitement. ②在屋内，看着美味的饼干，我们谈笑风生，托比的尾巴欢快地摇着，仿佛我们之间从未发生过任何事情。 (2025·全国一卷； 心理描写) Inside，over the delicious biscuits，we laughed and talked，with Toby’s tail wagging happily，as if nothing had ever happened between us. ③眼泪模糊了他的双眼，大卫抬起头，看着我，好像要说什么，但是又垂下了头。 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) Tears clouding his eyes，David raised his head，looked at me as if he would say something，but lowered his head once again. 后归纳 (1)as if/though＋陈述语气(真实或极有可能发生的情况) (2)as if/though＋虚拟语气(不真实或不可能发生的情况) 虚拟现在：were 虚拟过去：had done 虚拟将来：would/might/could＋do 句型公式：be doing sth when ...正在做某事，这时(突然)…… 【教材原句】　I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水突然开始灌入屋内。 先练透　完成句子 ①他们正要在户外搭起帐篷，这时一声响亮的口哨声把他们吓坏了。 (续写情感描写) They were about to put up the tent in the open air when a loud whistle frightened them. ②母亲刚醒来时，就闻到了食物诱人的香味，这种香味营造出一种温馨的家庭氛围。 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷；环境描写) Mother had just woken up when she was greeted by the delicious smell of food，which created a welcoming atmosphere in the home. ③手里捧着罐子，我正匆忙上楼梯，突然我的一只脚被楼梯绊住了。 (动作描写) With the jar in my hands，I was walking upstairs in a hurry when one of my feet was caught on one stair. 后归纳 句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。 when表示“这时突然”之意，还用于以下三种句型： be about to do...when... 正要做……，这时(突然)…… be on the point of doing...when... 正要做……，这时(突然)…… had (just) done...when... 刚做完……，这时(突然)…… 1.shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊 【诵读领悟】 ①The news was a great shock to the poor girl and she started to cry. 这个消息对这个可怜的女孩是一个极大的打击，她开始哭了起来。 ②Hearing the bad news，Mary froze with shock，and she was rooted to the spot. 听到这个坏消息，玛丽惊呆了，一动不动。(续写情感描写) ③The unexpected guest and gift shocked me，and I was at a loss what to say. 学生用书⬇第51页 这位不速之客和他带来的礼物让我大吃一惊，我一时不知该说些什么才好。 (续写心理描写) 【佳句仿写】 既震惊又自豪，他们的母亲温柔地低声说：“谢谢，我的孩子们。我真的很感激你们为我所做的一切！” Shocked and proud，their mother said in a sweet whisper，“Thanks，my kids.I really appreciate what you have done for me！” (1)a great shock to sb 对某人是一个极大的打击 in shock 震惊；吃惊 come as a great shock to 使……大为震惊 (2)各种“惊讶”的表达：astonishing，astonished，amazing，amazed，surprising，surprised。 2.flood n.洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 sweep vt. & vi.打扫；清扫；冲走；(风、雨、雪、火等)席卷vi.突然袭来 wave n.海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手 【诵读领悟】 ①Mary felt a wave of anger sweep over/flood over her.玛丽感到一阵愤怒。 ②With the warm sunlight flooding in，they enjoyed the company of each other，feeling a wave of warmth and appreciation. 温暖的阳光照进来，他们享受着彼此的陪伴，感到一阵温暖和感激。 ③Sitting alone in the living room，I stared at the family photos on the wall，memories of our childhood flooding back. (2025·全国一卷) 独自坐在客厅里，我凝视着墙上的家庭照片，童年的回忆涌上心头。 【佳句仿写】 ①她感到一阵惊慌，但她还是强忍着情绪，平静地离开了房间。 A wave/burst of panic swept over/flooded over her，but she forced herself to leave the room calmly. ②甜蜜的回忆涌上心头，简哭得像个泪人似的。(续写情感描写) Sweet memories came flooding back and Jane was in floods of tears. ①a burst/wave/sense/feeling of＋表情感状态的名词＋flood/sweep over＋sb，表示“某人感到……” ②in floods of tears泪如雨下 维度一　词汇语境运用 1.(2025·全国一卷)The moment my brother opened the door，I hugged him tightly，his eyes flooded (flood) with tears.(动作＋情绪描写) 2.(2025·全国一卷)The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped (trap) through the boiling process was nice. 3.(2025·浙江1月卷)Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more effectively(effect). 4.(2026·山东省潍坊模拟)The event was a remarkable cultural success，serving as a gateway to Chinese wisdom(wise). 5.Finally，she managed to reach the top of the mountain，but she was breathless (breath) and tired out. 6.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting(affect) the entire world，it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. 7.To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands，675 bridges with a total length(long) of about 160 kilometres were built between Golmud and Lhasa. 8.Remember you will need to have enough food，water and other supplies(supply)for at least 72 hours after the disaster. 学生用书⬇第52页 9.The math problem was too complicated for her to solve (solve) quickly，leaving her puzzled and scratching her head in frustration. 10.However，dangerous conditions and damaged (damage) roads will make it difficult to deliver (deliver)food and supplies. 维度二　阅读理解清障 Ⅰ.熟词生义、一词多义 猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思 1.She affected a calmness she did not feel. vt.假装 2.Some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. vt.达成(协议、妥协) 3.The electric car，powered by the battery，can drive for 600 miles on a single charge. vt.驱动 4.These movies deliberately set out to shock. vt.使气愤、厌恶 5.(2024·浙江1月卷)It is so easy to let an online course slide，but your grades will suffer as a result. v.忽视不管；放任自流 6.(2021·全国甲卷)I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep. n.小山 7.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B)John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)？ vt.留存 根据语境选择加黑词的含义 8.calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 n.安静，宁静(生义) ①He stayed calm and solved the problem step by step. adj.镇静的；沉着的 ②She found calm in painting when life was busy. n.安静，宁静 ③Taking a deep breath can help calm yourself when you’re nervous. vt.使平静；使镇静 9.flood n.洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 ①The villagers were frightened to see that the river would burst its bank and flood their home. vt.淹没 ②Heavy rain caused a flood in the small village last week. n.洪水 ③She received a flood of messages congratulating her on the award. n.大量 ④Memories of her childhood flooded back when she visited her old home. vi.大量涌入 10.wave n.海浪；波浪；挥手(生义) vi.& vt.挥手；招手 Every morning，Jack would go for a run along the beach.He loved watching the waves① crash against the rocks.One morning，he saw his neighbor and gave a wave② to say hello.His neighbor waved③ back，smiling brightly. ①n.海浪；波浪　②n.挥手　③vi.挥手；招手 11.deliver vt.递送； 生小孩；接生(生义)； 发表 ①The princess had been delivered of a healthy baby boy，which made the handsome prince wild with excitement. vt.生小孩；接生 ②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) I bought a desk and asked for it to be delivered to my house this Friday. vt.递送 ③I feel it a great honour to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions on Peking Opera. vt.发表 Ⅱ.构词法 构词法 前缀mis-表示“相反”、 “错误” 指出下列黑体词的含义 1.(2025·浙江1月卷) Her name has been misspelled. vt.拼错 2.(2025·北京卷) My father gently asked me if I understood the gravity of my actions.Tearfully，I confessed my misguided longing for recognition. adj.误导的 学生用书⬇第53页 3.(2023·全国甲卷)But when we looked at the tomatoes，we were worried because they were so misshapen： not at all like the nice，round，shiny things you get in a supermarket. adj.畸形的 4.(2023·全国乙卷)In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides，there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted，especially when only the victors know how to write. n.误解 5.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)Kevin’s concern about the dog is that they may misbehave. vi.行为不当 Part 1.应用文增分练(回复信—安全进校园) 　　假定你是高三学生李华。在全国防灾减灾日到来之际，你们学校开展了一次以“安全进校园”为主题的教育活动。你校国际部交换生Jim对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：1.活动目的；2.活动安排。 　　用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文 【布局谋篇】 开篇：回应对方需求，分享“安全教育进校园”活动 Dear Jim， 　　①Learning that you are interested in the “Safety Education into Campus” event(得知你对“安全教育进校园”活动很感兴趣)，I am glad to share it with you. 中段：详细介绍活动具体内容，让对方清晰了解活动全貌 ①说明活动举办的原因； ②活动安排：专业救援队专家开展讲座；制作实用手册 　　On the National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day，②our school organized activities to improve our awareness of self-protection in the face of emergencies(我们学校组织了一些活动以提高我们在紧急情况下的自我保护意识).Firstly，an expert from a professional rescue team ③delivered a lecture on how to react when disasters strike us(发表关于灾害发生时如何应对的演讲)，such as fires and earthquakes，equipping us with basics of evacuation.Besides，④we made brochures concerning the practical tips on dealing with disasters(我们制作了有关应对灾害的实用技巧的小册子) and handed them out on campus to further spread the safety knowledge among students. 结尾：结合对方需求提供帮助 　　I have prepared an English brochure for you.Hope it will help. Yours， Li Hua 【多元表达】 ⑤On the National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day，our school organized activities to improve our awareness of self-protection in the face of emergencies.(升级加黑词) →In response to the National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day，our school organized activities to raise our awareness of self-protection in the face of emergencies. 学生用书⬇第54页 Part 2.读后续写提能练 拓展语料积累　情感细节描写之“高兴、快乐”(二) 【语言素材】 蓝天 白云 white clouds float in the blue sky朵朵白云飘在蔚蓝的天空 微风 拂面 a light/spring breeze kisses sb’s cheeks微风/春风亲吻某人的面颊 日月 星辰 ①warm sunlight flood in　　　　 　　　　　温暖的阳光倾泻而入 ②be bathed in sunlight/soft moonlight 沐浴在阳光中/柔和的月光中 ③stars twinkle at sb happily/with joy 星星高兴地向某人眨眼 花草 树木 ①the air is filled with the pleasant smell of flowers　空气中弥漫着宜人的花香 ②flowers bloom 花儿盛开 ③green grass 绿草如茵 场景/ 动物等 ①laughter lingers　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　笑声不绝于耳 ②happiness等“喜乐”词汇＋fill＋地点名词 ……喜气洋洋 ③there was a cheer in every face 大家脸上洋溢着欢乐 ④birds chirp merrily 鸟儿欢快地啁啾鸣唱 【靓句表达】 1.When the teacher announced her poem had won first prize，Lily’s eyes suddenly lit up like stars，and a wide smile burst across her face.当老师宣布她的诗获得一等奖时，莉莉的眼睛突然像星星一样亮了起来，一抹灿烂的笑容绽满了脸庞。 2.Enormous joy welled up in the whole yard.Shining stars began to appear in the sky，blinking at them happily. 整个院子里洋溢着巨大的喜悦。天上开始出现闪闪的繁星，高兴地向他们眨眼睛。 3.The moment the little girl saw the puppy waiting for her under the Christmas tree，a sense of joy flooded over her.小女孩看到圣诞树下等着她的小狗的那一刻，一股喜悦涌上心头。 4.When the long-lost grandfather walked through the door，the living room was instantly filled with happiness. 当失散多年的爷爷走进家门时，客厅瞬间被喜悦填满。 5.As night fell，stars appeared in the sky，twinkling their eyes at them with joy. 夜幕降临，星星出现在天空中，欢快地向他们眨着眼睛。 6.After several attempts，they finally made it，with the popcorn singing happily in the pan. 经过几次尝试之后，他们终于成功了，爆米花在锅里欢快地歌唱。 续写语料运用　用表“高兴、快乐”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵 微场景：主题“友情感悟”——成为朋友后的“高兴、快乐” 　　Turning around，I saw Diane ①flying to me like a joyful bird (像快乐的小鸟向我飞奔过来；比喻).She exclaimed that she would befriend me.I ②grinned with delight (高兴得咧嘴笑).As the breeze kissed our cheeks，we talked a lot and I was pleasantly surprised to find we had a lot in common.③The sunny afternoon witnessed our pleasant chat (在这个阳光灿烂的下午，我们愉快地聊天；无灵主语句)，and our hearts got closer thanks to the pure friendship.Every time we found a new common interest，④a little spark of happiness would flash in both our eyes(我们眼里都会闪过一丝快乐的微光)，making the sunny afternoon even more lovely. 学生用书⬇第55页 (2025·全国一卷阅读理解D) Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas，stuck inside volcanic rocks，filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans. Now，new research suggests that a simple，cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头)： boiling and filtering (过滤) it.In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters，researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially，this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.In the study，boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics.But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate，boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.Additionally，the research didn’t include all types of plastics.The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene，polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still，the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult.Even bottled water，scientists found earlier this year，contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake.“The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice，” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay，an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research，tells New Scientist.“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” [做真题]——感悟高考考法 32.How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph？ A.By quoting an expert. B.By defining a concept. C.By giving examples. D.By providing statistics. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas，stuck inside volcanic rocks，filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans.”可知，第一段通过列举微塑料出现在深海、喜马拉雅山、火山岩、海鸟胃、南极雪中，甚至人体中的例子，说明其污染的普遍性和严重性，因此 C 项正确。 33.What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water？ A.The hardness of water. B.The length of cooling time. C.The frequency of filtering. D.The type of plastic in water. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“boiling hard water containing ...an almost 90 percent drop in plastics ...boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.”可知，水的硬度(即碳酸钙含量)直接决定去除微塑料的有效性，因此 A 项正确。 34.What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4？ A.The importance of plastic recycling. B.The severity of the microplastic problem. C.The danger in overusing pure water. D.The difficulty in treating polluted water. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Even bottled water ...contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought.”可知，作者提到瓶装水旨在强调微塑料污染的严重性，因此 B 项正确。 35.What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about？ A.Choice of new research methods. B.Possible direction for further study. C.Need to involve more researchers. D.Potential application of the findings. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。最后一段中 Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay 提到，通过煮沸水去除微塑料的方法非常好，根据“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”可知，Gauchotte-Lindsay 建议升级饮用水处理厂以去除微塑料，这是这项发现的潜在应用，是将研究发现用于解决实际问题，因此D项正确。 学生用书⬇第56页 [厘脉络]——厘清行文结构 [再利用]——深挖文本资源 (一)由文本积重点词汇 1.microplastic n.[派生] 微塑料 2.intake n.[合成] 吸入量，摄入量 3.upgrade v.[合成] (使)升级 4.hardness n.[派生] 硬度 5.severity n.[派生] 严重 6.overuse v.[派生] 过度使用 (二)由文本变熟词生义 1.trap熟义：v.设陷阱捕捉；使陷入圈套 生义： v.收集，吸收 Crucially，this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. 2.bottle 熟义： n.瓶子 bottled 生义： adj.瓶装的 Even bottled water，scientists found earlier this year，contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought. (三)由文本学长难句分析 　In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters，researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. [分析]　这是一个主从复合句，主句为主谓宾结构；其中 that 引导宾语从句，宾语从句的主语是 boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools，谓语是 could remove，宾语是 at least 80 percent of its microplastics。 [翻译]　在周三发表在《环境科学与技术快报》的一项研究中，中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸仅五分钟，然后冷却后过滤，可以去除其中至少80％的微塑料。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $