专题08 选词填空（期末复习）2025-2026学年八年级英语下学期期末复习（新教材人教版）

专题08 选词填空 话题1自然灾害与防范 （一） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 they  hurt  hard  trouble  when  mix  care  burn  passenger  kid Last summer, a big forest fire broke out near our town. Firefighters arrived quickly, but they couldn’t stop it. That’s because the winds were strong, 1 the flames (火焰) with dry leaves, making it spread faster. It was a real disaster. The fire 2 for days, destroying (毁灭) trees and houses nearby. Some firefighters got 3 — their hands, faces, arms and legs were burned— but they kept working. Even with 4 best efforts, much of the forest was destroyed. Why couldn’t they put it out? Because 5 fires grow too big, they become very dangerous. The heat is too high, and the winds make it 6 to control. This shows how important forest fire prevention is. Even small acts, like making sure camp-fires are completely out, can prevent big 7 . For us 8 , what can we do? First, never play with matches in the woods. If we see the start of a fire, tell an adult right away. Don’t try to put it out by ourselves— we might get hurt. Fear of fires won’t help. If we are 9 and responsible, we can help prevent them from happening in the first place. Just like 10 follow rules on a bus to stay safe, we must follow forest rules to protect nature. It’s a must for everyone to prevent fires. （二） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，每词限用一次。 thankful   prepare   a   danger   surprise   we   stay   fast   on   although Heavy rain swept through the quiet mountain villages in Changde, Hunan last month. 1 the evening of May 18th, 2026, Li Wei was doing his homework while his grandma 2 dinner for the whole family. Outside the house, the rain poured down heavily. However, most villagers were busy as usual without realizing the 3 . As time went by, thick dark clouds gathered in the sky and the wind blew strongly. All of 4 sudden, the whole village became dark and quiet. Villagers felt 5 when they saw muddy rainwater slowly entering their yards. The village loudspeakers (喇叭) warned everyone 6 calm and move to higher places at once. People rushed to collect necessary supplies such as food and clothes and head for safety. After great efforts, Li Wei and his family finally climbed onto a nearby rooftop. 7 they felt scared, they never gave up the chance to survive. They looked around and saw water rise much 8 than they expected. They felt worried because the flood water was still rising. 9 , rescue teams arrived soon. With the help of the rescuers, all the villagers were successfully saved. During the difficult situation, Li Wei’s family and their neighbour helped each other to get through the terrible disaster. Floods are terrible natural disasters and bring us lots of trouble. Working as a team really makes 10 stronger when we face hard times. （三） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 power    on    ready    sudden    although    we    sleep    strong    begin    volunteer Did you experience an earthquake? There was a big earthquake in Mexico City on September 19th. A lot of buildings 1 fell down, and hundreds of people were in danger. Many people were 2 at that time. After the earthquake, 40% of Mexico City was out of 3 . It was reported that about 230 people died in the earthquake. Lots of people in Mexico City became 4 to help others. Some people in other areas also offered to help. They took risks to bring clean water, enough clothes and food to Mexico City. Some doctors and nurses 5 to give people medicine and tried their best to help people on crowded streets. The aftershock (余震) happened 6 the evening of September 20th. It was the 7 aftershock in Mexico. “I told my students two things. First, we should protect 8 , because it is not a game. Second, we should get 9 for everything in time,” said Adelina, a teacher of the Morelos Middle School. 10 all the buildings in the school were broken, everyone was safe. Because both the students and the teachers had learned some life-saving skills, they quickly ran out of the buildings. （四） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 hurricane  serious  suggest  high  normal  blow  danger  with  off  over Last year, a hurricane swept through our town. On that day, the wind was 1 hard. The waves kept rising higher and 2 . As the storm finally arrived, it took 3 the roof of our house. My parents hugged me and took me to the bedroom quickly. They told me it was the safest place to keep away from the 4 . My face turned pale 5 fear. It was one of the most serious 6 I have seen. One of my neighbors was 7 hurt. In the following weeks after the disaster, I still felt scared and helpless. My mother said it was 8 to experience such feelings. She comforted me and 9 that I should do some exercises and talk to my friends more. I followed her advice and little by little, I got 10 the bad feelings. Disasters are awful (可怕的), but if we learn more about them, I’m sure we can stay calmer when facing them. 话题2礼仪与习俗 （一） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 instead   manner   offer   away   use   confused   greet   avoid   if   play Body language is different from culture to culture. Today, let’s learn about some gestures that you should 1 in China. Touch strangers. Don’t try to hug or kiss strangers, slap their backs or reach out and touch them. It is not common in Chinese culture. To 2 someone in China, especially someone you don’t know, a better way is to simply nod your head slightly. Point your finger at others. If you want to call others, don’t point your finger at them. It means you are impolite. 3 , point with an open hand. 4 you do this, people may think you are friendly. Don’t make eye contact or nod at them, or they may be 5 . Take a business card with one hand. If someone 6 you a business card, always take it with both of your hands. After receiving it, make a point of checking it in front of the person before putting 7 the card. This is the correct and respectful way to accept a business card. Also, you can give your own business card to the person in return. Point at others with your chopsticks. The Chinese value (重视) chopstick etiquette (礼节). Chopsticks are 8 for eating and you shouldn’t use them to point at people or things. You shouldn’t 9 with chopsticks at table either. Use your chopsticks in the correct 10 to eat. （二） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 they  normally  reply  discuss  how  avoid  manner  behave  polite  realize Social media (社交媒体) has become an important part of daily life. But do you know how to 1 politely on the internet? Do you show good manners while talking with people online? Here are some tips on 2 to be a good internet user. Treat others online as you would like to be treated yourself. As the old saying goes, “Courtesy demands reciprocity (礼尚往来)”. lf you are 3 to others, it’s impossible for them to treat you well. 4 , you won’t agree with everyone online. It is important for you to be polite when 5 to others. Therefore, you should 6 using bad words. Express yourself with some emoticons (表情符号). Messages like a “Hello:-D” can add warmth to your expression when you are having a 7 with others online. Many people have 8 that emoticons can make them much closer to each other. Therefore, you should use more emoticons to make communication smoother and more enjoyable! Take the time to understand and respect different cultures and communities online. When you make mistakes online，you should say sorry to others and then make sure not to repeat 9 By practising good internet 10 , you can have a happy time online. （三） 从方框中选择适当的单词或短语并用其正确形式填空，使句子通顺，意思完整，每个单词或短语限用一次。 greet, custom, polite, country, instead, behave, visit, different, but, stay Last year, I went to 1 my cousin in South Korea. I was excited but also worried about the 2 between China and South Korea. On the first day, when I met my cousin’s family, they 3 me with a deep bow（鞠躬）. I didn’t know what to do at first, so I just stood there. Then my cousin told me that bowing is a 4 way to greet people there. Later, I learned that in South Korea, people also pay attention to how 5 at the table. For example, you shouldn’t start eating before the elders. And you shouldn’t talk loudly while eating. One day, we went to a park. I met a local girl. She was very friendly and wanted to make friends with me. She tried to hug me, 6 I remembered that in South Korea, people usually don’t hug strangers. So I bowed to her 7 . She smiled and said I was welcome. I 8 there for a month. During that time, I learned many 9 . I realized that understanding other cultures can help us get on well with people from other 10 （三） 从下面方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 polite kind enough keep line quiet respect drop clean follow Good manners are very important in our daily life. Every day, we meet different people, and good manners can help us get on well with them. At school, we should 1 our teachers and classmates. We should 2 quiet in class and listen to the teacher carefully. We shouldn’t 3 litter everywhere, and we should keep our classroom 4 . In public places, we should have good manners too. When we get on the bus, we should wait in 5 patiently. Don’t jump the line. We should be 6 enough to give our seats to the elderly or the disabled. When we are in the library, we should keep 7 and don’t disturb other readers. When we talk with others, we should be 8 . We should say “please” when we ask for help, and say “thank you” when others help us. We are old 9 to learn to control our words and actions. If everyone 10 these rules of good manners, our world will become more and more beautiful. 话题3文学名著 （一） daily  real  instead  around  they  shine  language  interest  place  the In the rich world of Chinese literature, Dream of the Red Chamber (《红楼梦》) 1 brightly. It was written by Cao Xueqin during the Qing Dynasty. This great book is not only famous in China but also known 2 the world. The story mainly takes 3 in the Jia family, one of the four powerful families at that time. The Jia family lives a life of luxury (奢华) in a big and beautiful place called the Grand View Garden. The main character, Jia Baoyu, is a special boy. He doesn’t care much about money and power like others in his family. 4 , he enjoys the company of the girls in the garden. Among these girls, his relationship with Lin Daiyu is 5 most touching. Lin Daiyu is a sensitive (敏感的) and talented girl. The love story between 6 is full of sweetness and sadness. They share poems and deep feelings, but in the end, they can’t be together because of the family’s rules and traditions. The book also shows many other 7 characters like the capable (能干的) Wang Xifeng. She manages the big family, but she can be very strict and sometimes even a bit cruel. There are also many beautiful descriptions of clothes, food and 8 life in the family. Dream of the Red Chamber is more than just a story. It shows the social life, culture and values of ancient China. It has been translated into many 9 , helping people from different countries understand the beauty of Chinese culture. It is 10 a precious literary work and it will always be loved. （二） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 take   ask   we   young   work   write   return   win   be   want If you 1 me what my favourite novel is, I must say it’s The Ordinary World (《平凡的世界》). Chinese writer Lu Yao 2 the book. It 3 him six years to finish the million-word work. Lu Yao took Sun Shao’an and Sun Shaoping as two examples to show 4 how the ordinary people lived in the late twentieth century. In the book, Sun Shao’ an, the elder brother, left school early and began 5 as a farmer. Sun Shaoping, the 6 brother, studied hard, hoping to get into college. He 7 to work in the big city. But in the end, he 8 home. However, they didn’t lose hope and worked hard to make a better life. In 1991, The Ordinary World beat over 700 other works and it made Lu Yao 9 the Mao Dun Literature Prize. In 2014, a TV series of the same name came out. It 10 a big success. The actors and actresses did a good job. （三） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 write  like  adventure  usual  he  and  prove  connect  poor  introduce Many people may have heard of Oliver Twist. Charles Dickens spent quite a lot of time 1 the fiction, and he gave his character the name Oliver Twist with careful thought. Let me give you a(n) 2 to it. Oliver is a traditional English name and it was familiar to people in the 1800s. It sounded 3 the name of a common boy. That helped readers to 4 with Oliver as a real child. The last name (“Twist”) was 5 clever. Dickens wanted a name to show Oliver’ s twisting (曲折的) life journey. The word “twist” can mean unexpected things. This fits Oliver’s story well, as he faces many 6 , challenges, and surprises. Oliver Twist was a poor boy. He lost 7 parents and fought to find a place in an unkind world. Dickens used this character and his story to show the hard life of 8 children in Victorian England. The name Oliver Twist became famous because it shows both the goodness of Oliver 9 the hard, twisting road of his life. In short, Dickens chose the name Oliver Twist because it not only sounded real but also suggested the character’ s hard life story. This has 10 to be an excellent idea as it helped make Oliver a powerful character in literary history. （四） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一次，每次限用一次。 a  recent  nothing  and  success  teach  want  do  introduce  in If you love reading books, you must know about the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain. The book is 1 . And it is popular among kids at home and abroad. Even if I am an adult now, I'm still a fan of this book. After re-reading the book 2 , I have learned an important lesson from Tom Sawyer. In our daily lives, we are often given some boring 3 tiring tasks. Have you ever 4 to complain (抱怨)? I think most people have. Tom Sawyer, however, had 5 different thought when he was given a boring task. One day, Aunt Polly told Tom to paint the fence (篱笆). Tom was 6 his job when his friend Ben Rogers happened to pass by. Instead of complaining, Tom 7 the task and told him that he felt “excited” about it. “Only one in a thousand—maybe even two thousand—boys can do this!” Tom said. Tom’s words made Ben become interested 8 the task. He even gave Tom his apple so that he could have a chance to paint the fence. If Tom had thought about 9 but complaining, he would have had a bad day painting the fence. This story 10 me a valuable lesson: Complaining is useless. 话题4志愿服务 （一） 从方框中选择合适的单词或短语，并用其正确形式填空，每词限用一次。 volunteer    expect    achieve    similar    closely training    coach    event    donate    necessary Last month, I took part in a volunteer event for the Special Olympics, and it was the most unforgettable experience in my life. Before the 1 , we received a lot of 2 about how to work with special athletes. We learned that we need to work 3 with the athletes and give them enough support. My job was to help a young athlete named Xiao Wei, whose experience was 4 to that of many other special athletes. He 5 to win a prize in the running race, and he practiced very hard for it. His 6 told me that Xiao Wei never gave up, even when he was too tired to walk. It was 7 for him to keep training to 8 his dream. During the race, I cheered for him loudly. Finally, he won third place. He was so excited that he cried. After the event, many people 9 money to the Special Olympics organization. I also decided to be a 10 for more events in the future. This experience taught me that everyone can be a hero if they never give up, and helping others can make our life more meaningful. （二） 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。） she  homeless  for  way  help  work  volunteer  careful  show  good In the town there was a girl called Anna. One day, on the way home, she saw a sad 1 little dog. Anna thought she needed to help. She called a friendly group called Best Friends. They were experts (专家) at saving animals. With their 2 , Anna saved the dog and named him Buddy. She cared for the dog 3 , and they became the 4 friends. She decided to help other animals too. Soon, she became a 5 at Best Friends and met more animals. “I always want to do something helpful, so why not 6 for animals?” said Anna, “and for me, volunteering for dogs is the best 7 to do that.” The workers are really helpful, and it’s nice to find homes 8 animals.” Anna helped the animals with 9 hard work, and her story 10 that we can do a job to make a big difference. （三） 根据短文内容，从方框内所给10个词汇中选择意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化，填入空白处。 checked, have to, hear, near, late, notice, be worried, be lost, couldn’t, until [Mum is sitting in the living room, worried. The clock reads 10:27 pm. The son runs through the door, out of breath.] The son came home 1 after the time he had promised. His mum 2 and angry. The son tried to explain. First, he 3 go back to Jiacheng’s house to get his phone. On the way, he 4 an old woman under a street lamp. She 5 and couldn’t find her way home. Then the son 6 on her and found a yellow band on her wrist with her information. Because he 7 call her family, he gave her his jacket and took her to the 8 police station. He waited with her 9 a policewoman took her home. After 10 the whole story, the mum was no longer angry. She was sorry for being angry and felt proud of her son. （四） 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其正确形式填空，每词限用一次。 volunteer   meaningful   disabled   blind   deaf   polite   necessary   brave   support   spend It is always meaningful to spend our free time helping people around us, especially those who are in trouble. Last month, I decided to work as a 1 at the local community centre with my best friend. We wanted to do something to help people with 2 and make their lives a little easier. Every Saturday morning, we arrive at the centre on time, and we are 3 to everyone we meet there. First, we often visit the 4 people who can not see the world. We read newspapers, interesting stories and even poems to them carefully. We also describe the beautiful scenery outside the window to them, so they can feel the warmth of the world. Then, we go to the area for the 5 people. We use body language and simple notes to communicate with them, and we play games with them to make them feel happy. We also help the homeless people who have no home to live in. We give them food and clothes, and we listen to their stories carefully. It is 6 for us to give them enough love and 7 , because they have experienced too many difficulties. We 8 about 3 hours every week staying with them, and we never feel tired. It is 9 of us to face the difficulties with them, and we will keep doing this 10 work in the future. Every time we see their bright smiles, we know that all our efforts are worth it, and this experience teaches us the true meaning of kindness. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 选词填空 话题1自然灾害与防范 （一） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 they  hurt  hard  trouble  when  mix  care  burn  passenger  kid Last summer, a big forest fire broke out near our town. Firefighters arrived quickly, but they couldn’t stop it. That’s because the winds were strong, 1 the flames (火焰) with dry leaves, making it spread faster. It was a real disaster. The fire 2 for days, destroying (毁灭) trees and houses nearby. Some firefighters got 3 — their hands, faces, arms and legs were burned— but they kept working. Even with 4 best efforts, much of the forest was destroyed. Why couldn’t they put it out? Because 5 fires grow too big, they become very dangerous. The heat is too high, and the winds make it 6 to control. This shows how important forest fire prevention is. Even small acts, like making sure camp-fires are completely out, can prevent big 7 . For us 8 , what can we do? First, never play with matches in the woods. If we see the start of a fire, tell an adult right away. Don’t try to put it out by ourselves— we might get hurt. Fear of fires won’t help. If we are 9 and responsible, we can help prevent them from happening in the first place. Just like 10 follow rules on a bus to stay safe, we must follow forest rules to protect nature. It’s a must for everyone to prevent fires. 【答案】 1．mixing 2．burned/burnt 3．hurt 4．their 5．when 6．hard 7．trouble 8．kids 9．careful 10．passengers 【解析】本文主要讲述了去年夏天发生在小镇附近的一场严重森林火灾，分析了火灾难以扑灭的原因，并强调了森林防火的重要性，呼吁大家特别是孩子们要负起责任、遵守规则，预防火灾。 【详解】1．句意：那是因为风很大，将火焰和干树叶混合在一起，使其蔓延得更快。根据空后“the flames (火焰) with dry leaves”可知，此处表示“将……和……混合”，应用 mix…with… 结构；mixing为现在分词作状语，表示主动和伴随，即“风很大，（同时）将火焰和树叶混合在一起”，说明风大带来的伴随结果。 1．句意：大火燃烧了数天，摧毁了附近的树木和房屋。空处作谓语，根据“The fire…for days, destroying (毁灭) trees and houses nearby.”可知，此处“燃烧了”数天，动词burn符合句意；因描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。burn的过去式为burned/burnt。 2．句意：一些消防员受伤了——他们的手、脸、胳膊和腿都被烧伤了——但他们继续工作。根据后文“their hands, faces, arms and legs were burned”可知，消防员受伤了；get hurt是固定搭配，意为“受伤”。 3．句意：尽管他们尽了最大努力，大部分森林还是被摧毁了。此处需修饰名词efforts，指“他们的最大努力”，需用they的形容词性物主代词their“他们的”。 4．句意：因为当火灾变得太大时，它们就会变得非常危险。根据“fires grow too big, they become very dangerous”可知，此处表示时间条件，即“当……时”，应用when引导时间状语从句。 5．句意：热量太高，风力使其难以控制。根据“The heat is too high”可知，火灾难以控制，此处应用形容词hard作宾补，构成make it hard to do sth.结构，意为“使做某事变得困难”。 6．句意：即使是小的行为，比如确保营火完全熄灭，也可以防止大麻烦。形容词big后接名词，根据“Even small acts, like making sure camp-fires are completely out”可知，防止的是大麻烦或问题，应用不可数名词trouble表示泛指。 7．句意：对于我们孩子们来说，我们能做什么？根据下文“First, never play with matches in the woods.”可知，此处是针对孩子们说的，应用kid的复数形式kids。 8．句意：如果我们细心且负责任，我们就能从一开始就帮助防止火灾发生。根据并列形容词responsible可知，此处也应用形容词作表语，根据“and responsible, we can help prevent them from happening in the first place.”可知，防止火灾发生，需要我们“细心”，需将care变成形容词careful“细心的”。 9．句意：就像乘客在公交车上遵守规则以确保安全一样，我们必须遵守森林规则以保护自然。根据“follow rules on a bus”可知，此处指公交车上的乘客，应用passenger的复数形式passengers，表示泛指。 （二） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，每词限用一次。 thankful   prepare   a   danger   surprise   we   stay   fast   on   although Heavy rain swept through the quiet mountain villages in Changde, Hunan last month. 1 the evening of May 18th, 2026, Li Wei was doing his homework while his grandma 2 dinner for the whole family. Outside the house, the rain poured down heavily. However, most villagers were busy as usual without realizing the 3 . As time went by, thick dark clouds gathered in the sky and the wind blew strongly. All of 4 sudden, the whole village became dark and quiet. Villagers felt 5 when they saw muddy rainwater slowly entering their yards. The village loudspeakers (喇叭) warned everyone 6 calm and move to higher places at once. People rushed to collect necessary supplies such as food and clothes and head for safety. After great efforts, Li Wei and his family finally climbed onto a nearby rooftop. 7 they felt scared, they never gave up the chance to survive. They looked around and saw water rise much 8 than they expected. They felt worried because the flood water was still rising. 9 , rescue teams arrived soon. With the help of the rescuers, all the villagers were successfully saved. During the difficult situation, Li Wei’s family and their neighbour helped each other to get through the terrible disaster. Floods are terrible natural disasters and bring us lots of trouble. Working as a team really makes 10 stronger when we face hard times. 【答案】 1．On 2．was preparing 3．danger 4．a 5．surprised 6．to stay 7．Although 8． faster 1．Thankfully 2．us 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Li Wei和家人在湖南常德遭遇暴雨洪灾时的经历：从暴雨来袭、村民毫无察觉，到洪水突至、紧急转移，最终在救援队帮助下全部获救。故事体现了团结互助在灾难中的力量。 【详解】1．句意：2026年5月18日晚上，Li Wei正在写作业，而奶奶正在为全家准备晚餐。此处需要一个介词，与“the evening of May 18th”搭配，表示“在某一天的晚上”，应用on。注意句首首字母大写。 2．句意：2026年5月18日晚上，Li Wei正在写作业，而奶奶正在为全家准备晚餐。此处需要一个动词的过去进行时，与前文“was doing”构成并列的过去进行时结构（while连接两个同时进行的动作）。根据“dinner for the whole family”可知，奶奶正在“准备”晚餐，应用prepare的过去进行时was preparing。 3．句意：然而，大多数村民像往常一样忙碌，没有意识到危险。此处需要一个名词，作动词“realizing”的宾语。根据前文暴雨倾盆、后文村民毫无察觉可知，他们没有意识到“危险”，应用danger。 4．句意：突然，整个村庄变得又暗又静。此处是固定短语“all of a sudden”（突然），应用不定冠词a。 5．句意：当村民们看到泥水慢慢涌入院子时，他们感到很惊讶。此处需要一个形容词，作系动词“felt”的表语，描述人的感受。根据语境，村民看到洪水涌入感到“惊讶的”，应用surprise的形容词形式surprised（修饰人用-ed形式）。 6．句意：村里的喇叭警告大家保持冷静并立即转移到高处。此处需要一个动词不定式，构成“warn sb to do sth”（警告某人做某事）结构。根据“calm”可知，是警告大家“保持”冷静，应用stay的不定式to stay。 7．句意：虽然他们感到害怕，但他们从未放弃求生的机会。此处需要一个连词，引导让步状语从句。根据“they felt scared”和“they never gave up”之间的转折关系可知，是“虽然”害怕但不放弃，应用although。注意句首首字母大写。 8．句意：他们环顾四周，发现水位上涨得比预期快得多。此处需要一个副词的比较级，修饰动词“rise”。根据“much...than they expected”可知，是“比预期快得多”，应用fast的比较级faster。 9．句意：幸运的是，救援队很快就到了。此处需要一个副词，修饰整个句子，表达作者的态度。根据后文“all the villagers were successfully saved”可知，救援队及时赶到是“幸运地”，应用thankful的副词形式thankfully。注意句首首字母大写。 10．句意：团队合作真的让我们在面对困难时变得更强大。此处需要一个代词的宾格形式，作动词“makes”的宾语。根据句意“让我们更强大”，应用we的宾格us。 （三） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 power    on    ready    sudden    although    we    sleep    strong    begin    volunteer Did you experience an earthquake? There was a big earthquake in Mexico City on September 19th. A lot of buildings 1 fell down, and hundreds of people were in danger. Many people were 2 at that time. After the earthquake, 40% of Mexico City was out of 3 . It was reported that about 230 people died in the earthquake. Lots of people in Mexico City became 4 to help others. Some people in other areas also offered to help. They took risks to bring clean water, enough clothes and food to Mexico City. Some doctors and nurses 5 to give people medicine and tried their best to help people on crowded streets. The aftershock (余震) happened 6 the evening of September 20th. It was the 7 aftershock in Mexico. “I told my students two things. First, we should protect 8 , because it is not a game. Second, we should get 9 for everything in time,” said Adelina, a teacher of the Morelos Middle School. 10 all the buildings in the school were broken, everyone was safe. Because both the students and the teachers had learned some life-saving skills, they quickly ran out of the buildings. 【答案】 1．suddenly 2．sleeping 3．power 4．volunteers 5．began 6．on 7．strongest 8．ourselves 9．ready 10．Although 【解析】本文讲述了墨西哥城地震发生后的情况，包括地震造成的破坏、人们的救援行动，以及余震发生时师生们如何凭借自救技能保障安全的故事。 【详解】1．句意：许多建筑物突然倒塌，数百人处于危险之中。此处需用副词修饰动词短语fell down，sudden的副词形式是suddenly，意为“突然地”。 2．句意：当时许多人正在睡觉。时间状语at that time表明句子时态为过去进行时，结构为“were/was + 现在分词”。sleep的现在分词形式是sleeping，意为“睡觉”。 3．句意：地震后，墨西哥城40%的地区停电。out of power意为“断电”，固定短语，符合地震后城市设施受损的语境。 4．句意：墨西哥城的许多人成为志愿者来帮助他人。Lots of people是复数，volunteer需用复数形式volunteers。 5．句意：一些医生和护士开始给人们分发药品，并尽力在拥挤的街道上帮助人们。句子描述的是地震后的过去事件，时态为一般过去时，begin的过去式是began，意为“开始”。 6．句意：余震发生在9月20日晚上。具体到某一天的晚上用介词on，“on the evening of September 20th”表示“在9月20日的晚上”。 7．句意：这是墨西哥最强烈的余震。定冠词the后通常接形容词最高级，strong的最高级形式是strongest，意为“最强的”。 8．句意：首先，我们应该保护我们自己，因为这不是一场游戏。主语是we“我们”，此处表示“保护我们自己”，需用反身代词ourselves。 9．句意：第二，我们应该及时为一切做好准备。get ready for意为“为……做好准备”，固定短语，ready“准备好的”。 10．句意：尽管学校里所有的建筑都被毁了，但每个人都很安全。前后句“所有建筑都被毁”和“每个人都很安全”存在转折关系，用Although“尽管”引导让步状语从句。 （四） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 hurricane  serious  suggest  high  normal  blow  danger  with  off  over Last year, a hurricane swept through our town. On that day, the wind was 1 hard. The waves kept rising higher and 2 . As the storm finally arrived, it took 3 the roof of our house. My parents hugged me and took me to the bedroom quickly. They told me it was the safest place to keep away from the 4 . My face turned pale 5 fear. It was one of the most serious 6 I have seen. One of my neighbors was 7 hurt. In the following weeks after the disaster, I still felt scared and helpless. My mother said it was 8 to experience such feelings. She comforted me and 9 that I should do some exercises and talk to my friends more. I followed her advice and little by little, I got 10 the bad feelings. Disasters are awful (可怕的), but if we learn more about them, I’m sure we can stay calmer when facing them. 【答案】 1．blowing 2．higher 3．off 4．danger 5．with 6．hurricanes 7．seriously 8．normal 9．suggested 10．over 【解析】本文讲述了作者经历一场飓风的过程，描写了飓风来临时的场景、自身感受以及如何走出恐惧情绪的经历。 【详解】1．句意：那天，风刮得很猛。此处需要一个动词的现在分词，在句中与was构成过去进行时，表示“风正在吹”的动作。因为句中was提示过去进行时，结构为was+现在分词，所以选择blowing。 2．句意：海浪不断涨得越来越高。此处需要一个形容词的比较级，在句中表示“更高”的含义，构成“比较级+and+比较级”的固定结构，表示“越来越……”。因为higher and higher是固定搭配，表示“越来越高”，所以选择higher。 3．句意：它掀掉了我们房子的屋顶。此处需要一个副词，在句中构成固定短语，表示“移走、脱掉”。因为固定搭配take off表示“掀掉、脱下”，符合飓风掀掉屋顶的语境，所以选择off。 4．句意：他们告诉我这是避开危险最安全的地方。此处需要一个名词，在句中表示“危险”的含义，作keep away from的宾语。因为定冠词the后接名词，固定搭配keep away from the danger表示“避开危险”，所以选择danger。 5．句意：我的脸吓得苍白。此处需要一个介词，在句中表示“由于、因为”的含义，构成固定搭配。因为固定搭配pale with fear表示“吓得脸色苍白”，所以选择with。 6．句意：这是我见过的最严重的飓风之一。此处需要一个名词复数，在句中表示“飓风”的含义，构成“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”的结构。因为one of后需接复数名词，表示“……之一”，且serious的最高级为most serious，所以选择hurricanes。 7．句意：我的一个邻居受了重伤。此处需要一个副词，在句中修饰形容词hurt，表示“严重地”的含义。因为副词seriously修饰形容词hurt，表示“受伤严重”，所以选择seriously。 8．句意：我妈妈说经历这种感觉是正常的。此处需要一个形容词，在句中作表语，表示“正常的”含义。因为固定句型It was normal to do sth.表示“做某事是正常的”，符合妈妈安慰孩子的语境，所以选择normal。 9．句意：她安慰我并建议我应该做一些运动，多和朋友交流。此处需要一个动词的过去式，在句中与comforted并列作谓语，表示“建议”的含义。因为and连接并列谓语，comforted为过去式，所以suggest也需用过去式suggested，所以选择suggested。 10．句意：我听从了她的建议，一点一点地克服了那些糟糕的感觉。此处需要一个副词，在句中构成固定短语，表示“克服、恢复”的含义。因为固定搭配get over表示“克服、从……中恢复”，符合克服负面情绪的语境，所以选择over。 话题2礼仪与习俗 （一） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 instead   manner   offer   away   use   confused   greet   avoid   if   play Body language is different from culture to culture. Today, let’s learn about some gestures that you should 1 in China. Touch strangers. Don’t try to hug or kiss strangers, slap their backs or reach out and touch them. It is not common in Chinese culture. To 2 someone in China, especially someone you don’t know, a better way is to simply nod your head slightly. Point your finger at others. If you want to call others, don’t point your finger at them. It means you are impolite. 3 , point with an open hand. 4 you do this, people may think you are friendly. Don’t make eye contact or nod at them, or they may be 5 . Take a business card with one hand. If someone 6 you a business card, always take it with both of your hands. After receiving it, make a point of checking it in front of the person before putting 7 the card. This is the correct and respectful way to accept a business card. Also, you can give your own business card to the person in return. Point at others with your chopsticks. The Chinese value (重视) chopstick etiquette (礼节). Chopsticks are 8 for eating and you shouldn’t use them to point at people or things. You shouldn’t 9 with chopsticks at table either. Use your chopsticks in the correct 10 to eat. 【答案】 1．avoid 2．greet 3．Instead 4．If 5．confused 6．offers 7．away 8．used 9．play 10．manner 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在中国需要规避的几种不礼貌肢体动作与用餐礼仪规范，包括对待陌生人、指人、收名片和使用筷子的正确做法。 【详解】1．句意：让我们学习一些在中国应该避免的手势。should为情态动词，后接动词原形。根据下文列举的不要拥抱、不要指人等禁忌，可知此处填avoid。 2．句意：在中国，与人打招呼，尤其是不认识的人，最好的方式就是轻轻点头。To不定式表目的，后接动词原形。根据后文“nod your head”可知是在描述打招呼的方式，故填greet。 3．句意：相反，用张开的手掌指向。前文说不要用手指指人，此处提出另一种做法，表示转折或替代。位于句首，首字母需大写，故填Instead。 4．句意：如果你这样做，人们可能会认为你很友好。此处引导条件状语从句，表示假设。位于句首，首字母需大写，故填If。 5．句意：否则他们可能会感到困惑。be动词后接形容词作表语。根据语境，对陌生人盯着看或点头会让人不解，故填confused。 6．句意：如果有人递给你一张名片，一定要用双手接住。someone为不定代词，作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数。根据句意表示“提供/给予”，故填offers。 7．句意：收到后，在收起卡片之前，一定要当着对方的面检查一下。put away为固定短语，意为“收好/放好”，符合语境中对待名片的礼貌做法，故填away。 8．句意：筷子是被用来吃饭的。主语Chopsticks与动词use之间是被动关系，需用被动语态be done结构，故填used。 9．句意：你也不应该在餐桌上玩筷子。shouldn’t 后接动词原形。play with意为“玩弄”，符合语境，故填play。 10．句意：用正确的方式使用筷子吃饭。in the correct manner为固定搭配，意为“以正确的方式”。此处需要名词，故填manner。 （二） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 they  normally  reply  discuss  how  avoid  manner  behave  polite  realize Social media (社交媒体) has become an important part of daily life. But do you know how to 1 politely on the internet? Do you show good manners while talking with people online? Here are some tips on 2 to be a good internet user. Treat others online as you would like to be treated yourself. As the old saying goes, “Courtesy demands reciprocity (礼尚往来)”. lf you are 3 to others, it’s impossible for them to treat you well. 4 , you won’t agree with everyone online. It is important for you to be polite when 5 to others. Therefore, you should 6 using bad words. Express yourself with some emoticons (表情符号). Messages like a “Hello:-D” can add warmth to your expression when you are having a 7 with others online. Many people have 8 that emoticons can make them much closer to each other. Therefore, you should use more emoticons to make communication smoother and more enjoyable! Take the time to understand and respect different cultures and communities online. When you make mistakes online，you should say sorry to others and then make sure not to repeat 9 By practising good internet 10 , you can have a happy time online. 【答案】 1．behave 2．how 3．impolite 4．Normally 5．replying 6．avoid 7．discussion 8．realized 9．them 10．manners 【解析】本文介绍了如何在社交媒体上礼貌互动的方法，包括尊重他人、礼貌回复、使用表情符号、尊重多元文化和践行网络礼仪等建议，以帮助人们愉快地进行线上交流。 【详解】1．句意：但是你知道如何在互联网上表现得有礼貌吗？“how to do sth.”表示“如何做某事”，此处需要一个动词，“behave politely”表示“表现得有礼貌”，符合语境。其他词无法表达此含义。 2．句意：这里有一些关于如何成为一名好的互联网用户的建议。“tips on how to do sth.”表示“关于如何做某事的建议”，“how”符合此处语义与结构。 3．句意：如果你对别人不礼貌，他们就不可能对你好。根据后文“it’s impossible for them to treat you well”可知，此处表示“不礼貌”，“polite”的反义词“impolite”符合语境。 4．句意：通常，你不会和网上的每个人都意见一致。此处需要一个副词作状语，“normally”表示“通常、一般来说”，句首首字母需大写，符合语境。 5．句意：当你回复别人时，保持礼貌对你来说很重要。“when doing sth.”是省略结构，相当于“when you are doing sth.”，此处用动名词形式，“reply to others”表示“回复别人”，因此用“replying”。 6．句意：因此，你应该避免使用不好的词语。“should”后接动词原形，“avoid doing sth.”表示“避免做某事”，符合语境。 7．句意：当你和别人在网上进行讨论时，像“Hello:-D”这样的信息可以给你的表达增添温暖。“have a discussion with sb.”表示“和某人讨论”，“discuss”的名词形式“discussion”符合此处用法。 8．句意：许多人已经意识到表情符号可以让他们彼此更亲近。“have”提示此处为现在完成时，结构为“have/has done”，“realize”的过去分词形式“realized”符合时态与语义。   9．句意：当你在网上犯错时，你应该向别人道歉，然后确保不再重复它们。此处指代前文的“mistakes”，动词“repeat”后接宾语，因此用“they”的宾格形式“them”。 10．句意：通过践行良好的网络礼仪，你可以拥有愉快的上网时光。“good internet manners”表示“良好的网络礼仪”，“manner”表示“礼仪”时常用复数形式“manners”，符合语境。 （三） 从方框中选择适当的单词或短语并用其正确形式填空，使句子通顺，意思完整，每个单词或短语限用一次。 greet, custom, polite, country, instead, behave, visit, different, but, stay Last year, I went to 1 my cousin in South Korea. I was excited but also worried about the 2 between China and South Korea. On the first day, when I met my cousin’s family, they 3 me with a deep bow（鞠躬）. I didn’t know what to do at first, so I just stood there. Then my cousin told me that bowing is a 4 way to greet people there. Later, I learned that in South Korea, people also pay attention to how 5 at the table. For example, you shouldn’t start eating before the elders. And you shouldn’t talk loudly while eating. One day, we went to a park. I met a local girl. She was very friendly and wanted to make friends with me. She tried to hug me, 6 I remembered that in South Korea, people usually don’t hug strangers. So I bowed to her 7 . She smiled and said I was welcome. I 8 there for a month. During that time, I learned many 9 . I realized that understanding other cultures can help us get on well with people from other 10 【答案】 1．visit 2．differences 3．greeted 4．polite 5．to behave 6．but 7．instead 8．stayed 9．customs 10．countries 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者去韩国探望表亲，通过体验鞠躬、餐桌礼仪等，理解了文化差异并学会尊重不同国家习俗的故事。 1．句意：去年，我去韩国探望我的表亲。空格在went to之后，需要用动词原形作目的状语。visit意为“拜访、看望”，符合“探望表亲”的语境。 2．句意：我很兴奋，但也担心中国和韩国之间的差异。空格在the和between之间，需要名词作介词about的宾语。different是形容词，其名词形式为differences，表示“差异”。the differences between…and…是固定搭配。 3．句意：第一天，当我见到表亲的家人时，他们用深深的鞠躬问候我。空格处需要谓语动词，根据上下文的过去时态，应用过去式。greet意为“问候、迎接”，过去式为greeted，符合“用鞠躬问候我”的语境。 4．句意：然后表亲告诉我，在那里鞠躬是一种礼貌的问候方式。空格修饰名词way，需要形容词。polite意为“礼貌的”，说明鞠躬是礼貌的方式。 5．句意：后来我了解到，在韩国，人们也很注意在餐桌上的行为举止。空格在how之后，需要构成“疑问词+不定式”结构作介词to的宾语，表示“如何做某事”。to behave意为“举止、表现”，“how to behave at the table”就是指“在餐桌旁如何举止得体”，符合上下文讨论餐桌礼仪的语境。 6．句意：她试图拥抱我，但我记得在韩国，人们通常不和陌生人拥抱。空格连接两个分句，表示转折关系。but意为“但是”，符合前后句意的转折。 7．句意：所以我改为向她鞠躬。空格在句末，修饰动词bowed，需要副词。instead意为“代替、反而”，表示用鞠躬代替了拥抱。 8．句意：我在那里待了一个月。空格处需要谓语动词，表示停留。stay意为“停留、待”，根据时间Last year用过去式stayed。 9．句意：在那段时间里，我学到了许多风俗习惯。many后接可数名词复数。custom意为“习俗”，复数为customs，指韩国的各种风俗。 10．句意：我意识到理解其他文化能帮助我和来自其他国家的人们友好相处。other后接名词复数，表示其他国家。country的复数是countries。 （三） 从下面方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 polite kind enough keep line quiet respect drop clean follow Good manners are very important in our daily life. Every day, we meet different people, and good manners can help us get on well with them. At school, we should 1 our teachers and classmates. We should 2 quiet in class and listen to the teacher carefully. We shouldn’t 3 litter everywhere, and we should keep our classroom 4 . In public places, we should have good manners too. When we get on the bus, we should wait in 5 patiently. Don’t jump the line. We should be 6 enough to give our seats to the elderly or the disabled. When we are in the library, we should keep 7 and don’t disturb other readers. When we talk with others, we should be 8 . We should say “please” when we ask for help, and say “thank you” when others help us. We are old 9 to learn to control our words and actions. If everyone 10 these rules of good manners, our world will become more and more beautiful. 【答案】 1．respect 2．keep 3．drop 4．clean 5．line 6．kind 7．quiet 8．polite 9．enough 10．follows 【解析】本文围绕“礼貌的重要性”展开，介绍了在学校、公共场所及日常交流中应遵守的礼仪规范，强调良好礼仪能让世界更美好。 1．句意：在学校，我们应该尊重老师和同学。“should”后接动词原形，“respect”意为“尊重”，符合“校园礼仪”的语境。故填respect。 2．句意：我们在课堂上应该保持安静，认真听老师讲课。“keep quiet”是固定搭配，意为“保持安静”，符合课堂纪律的要求。故填keep。 3．句意：我们不应该到处扔垃圾，而且应该保持教室干净。“shouldn’t”后接动词原形，“drop litter”表示“扔垃圾”，符合“爱护环境”的礼仪要求。故填drop。 4．句意：我们不应该到处扔垃圾，而且应该保持教室干净。“keep + 宾语 + 形容词”是固定结构，“clean”意为“干净的”，符合“维护教室环境”的语境。故填clean。 5．句意：当我们上公交车时，应该耐心排队等候。“wait in line”是固定短语，意为“排队等候”，符合公共场所的礼仪要求。故填line。 6．句意：我们应该足够友善，把座位让给老人或残疾人。“be kind enough to do sth.”是固定结构，意为“足够友善做某事”，符合“让座”的礼仪行为。故填kind。 7．句意：当我们在图书馆时，应该保持安静，不要打扰其他读者。“keep quiet”是固定搭配，意为“保持安静”，符合图书馆的环境要求。故填quiet。 8．句意：当我们和别人交谈时，应该有礼貌。“be polite”表示“有礼貌的”，符合“日常交流礼仪”的语境。故填polite。 9．句意：我们已经足够大了，要学会控制自己的言行。“old enough to do sth.”是固定结构，意为“足够大做某事”，符合“成长中学会自律”的语境。故填enough。 10．句意：如果每个人都遵守这些礼貌规则，我们的世界会变得越来越美好。“if”引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主语“everyone”是单数，“follow”需变为“follows”，表示“遵守”。故填follows。 话题3文学名著 （一） daily  real  instead  around  they  shine  language  interest  place  the In the rich world of Chinese literature, Dream of the Red Chamber (《红楼梦》) 1 brightly. It was written by Cao Xueqin during the Qing Dynasty. This great book is not only famous in China but also known 2 the world. The story mainly takes 3 in the Jia family, one of the four powerful families at that time. The Jia family lives a life of luxury (奢华) in a big and beautiful place called the Grand View Garden. The main character, Jia Baoyu, is a special boy. He doesn’t care much about money and power like others in his family. 4 , he enjoys the company of the girls in the garden. Among these girls, his relationship with Lin Daiyu is 5 most touching. Lin Daiyu is a sensitive (敏感的) and talented girl. The love story between 6 is full of sweetness and sadness. They share poems and deep feelings, but in the end, they can’t be together because of the family’s rules and traditions. The book also shows many other 7 characters like the capable (能干的) Wang Xifeng. She manages the big family, but she can be very strict and sometimes even a bit cruel. There are also many beautiful descriptions of clothes, food and 8 life in the family. Dream of the Red Chamber is more than just a story. It shows the social life, culture and values of ancient China. It has been translated into many 9 , helping people from different countries understand the beauty of Chinese culture. It is 10 a precious literary work and it will always be loved. 【答案】 1．shines 2．around 3．place 4．Instead 5．the 6．them 7．interesting 8．daily 9．languages 10．really 【解析】本文介绍名著《红楼梦》，介绍作者、主要人物宝玉黛玉的爱情、一众配角与书中日常，以及作品的文学价值和世界影响力。 【详解】1．句意：在中国璀璨的文学宝库中，《红楼梦》熠熠生辉。brightly修饰动词，shine意为“闪耀”，符合语境；主语书名是单数，全文时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数shines。 2．句意：这本名著不仅在中国闻名，也享誉全世界。结合“the world”可知，此处是around the world是常用短语，表示“全世界”，符合《红楼梦》世界知名的语境。 3．句意：故事主要发生在当时的四大显赫家族之一的贾府。根据“takes”可知，此处是take place，表示“发生”，介绍故事的来源。 4．句意：相反，他喜欢和大观园里的姑娘相伴。此处表示前后语义转折，instead意为“相反”，符合语境，位于句首首字母大写。 5．句意：在这些姑娘里，他和林黛玉的感情最为动人。形容词最高级most touching前需要加定冠词the。 6．句意：他俩之间的爱情充满甜蜜与心酸。介词between后接人称代词宾格，they意为“他们”，指代宝玉和黛玉，宾格为them。 7．句意：书中还刻画王熙凤等诸多有趣的人物。修饰名词characters需用形容词，interest意为“兴趣”，变为interesting，表示“有趣的”，符合语境。 8．句意：书中还有大量服饰、美食与家族日常生活的细致描写。结合“in the family”可知，此处介绍日常生活，daily life是常用短语，表示“日常生活”。 9．句意：全书被译为多种语言，方便各国读者领略中华文化之美。结合“helping people from different countries understand the beauty of Chinese culture”可知，此处指该书被翻译成不同的语言，language意为“语言”，many后接可数名词复数languages，表示“多种语言”，符合语境。 10．句意：它确实是珍贵的文学瑰宝，一直深受人们喜爱。该句结构完整，此处使用real的副词形式really，表示“确实”，用于加强语气。 （二） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 take   ask   we   young   work   write   return   win   be   want If you 1 me what my favourite novel is, I must say it’s The Ordinary World (《平凡的世界》). Chinese writer Lu Yao 2 the book. It 3 him six years to finish the million-word work. Lu Yao took Sun Shao’an and Sun Shaoping as two examples to show 4 how the ordinary people lived in the late twentieth century. In the book, Sun Shao’ an, the elder brother, left school early and began 5 as a farmer. Sun Shaoping, the 6 brother, studied hard, hoping to get into college. He 7 to work in the big city. But in the end, he 8 home. However, they didn’t lose hope and worked hard to make a better life. In 1991, The Ordinary World beat over 700 other works and it made Lu Yao 9 the Mao Dun Literature Prize. In 2014, a TV series of the same name came out. It 10 a big success. The actors and actresses did a good job. 【答案】 1．ask 2．wrote 3．took 4．us 5．working 6．younger 7．wanted 8．returned 9．win 10．was 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了中国作家路遥及其代表作《平凡的世界》的创作背景、主要内容和取得的成就。 【详解】1．句意：如果你问我我最喜欢的小说是什么，我一定会说是《平凡的世界》。If引导条件状语从句，遵循"主将从现"原则，从句用一般现在时，主语是you，动词用原形ask。 2．句意：中国作家路遥写了这本书。此处描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时，write的过去式是wrote。 3．句意：他花了六年时间完成这部百万字的作品。It took sb time to do sth是固定句型，意为"某人花时间做某事"，此处用一般过去时，take的过去式是took。 4．句意：路遥以孙少安和孙少平为例，向我们展示了二十世纪末普通人是如何生活的。show是动词，后接宾格代词作宾语，we的宾格是us。 5．句意：孙少安，哥哥，早早离开了学校，开始做一名农民。began后接动名词，begin doing sth意为"开始做某事"，work的动名词是working。 6．句意：孙少平，弟弟，努力学习，希望考上大学。此处与elder brother对比，表示"更年轻的"，用young的比较级younger。 7．句意：他想要在大城市工作。此处描述过去的愿望，用一般过去时，want的过去式是wanted。 8．句意：但最后，他回到了家。此处描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时，return的过去式是returned。 9．句意：1991年，《平凡的世界》击败了700多部其他作品，使路遥赢得了茅盾文学奖。make sb do sth是固定搭配，意为"使某人做某事"，后接动词原形win。 10．句意：2014年，同名电视剧播出，获得了巨大成功。主语It是第三人称单数，描述过去的事用一般过去时，be动词用was。 （三） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 write  like  adventure  usual  he  and  prove  connect  poor  introduce Many people may have heard of Oliver Twist. Charles Dickens spent quite a lot of time 1 the fiction, and he gave his character the name Oliver Twist with careful thought. Let me give you a(n) 2 to it. Oliver is a traditional English name and it was familiar to people in the 1800s. It sounded 3 the name of a common boy. That helped readers to 4 with Oliver as a real child. The last name (“Twist”) was 5 clever. Dickens wanted a name to show Oliver’ s twisting (曲折的) life journey. The word “twist” can mean unexpected things. This fits Oliver’s story well, as he faces many 6 , challenges, and surprises. Oliver Twist was a poor boy. He lost 7 parents and fought to find a place in an unkind world. Dickens used this character and his story to show the hard life of 8 children in Victorian England. The name Oliver Twist became famous because it shows both the goodness of Oliver 9 the hard, twisting road of his life. In short, Dickens chose the name Oliver Twist because it not only sounded real but also suggested the character’ s hard life story. This has 10 to be an excellent idea as it helped make Oliver a powerful character in literary history. 【答案】 1．writing 2．introduction 3．like 4．connect 5．unusually 6．adventures 7．his 8．poor 9．and 10．proved 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了查尔斯·狄更斯的小说《雾都孤儿》中主人公Oliver Twist名字的由来与含义，以及这个名字如何暗示人物的人生经历。   【详解】1．句意：查尔斯·狄更斯花了相当多的时间撰写这部小说，并且他经过深思熟虑，给他的角色取名为Oliver Twist。根据空后的“the fiction”和所给词语，此处表示“撰写这部小说”，write符合语境，spend time (in) doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，此处用动词write的动名词形式writing。 2．句意：让我给你做一个关于它的介绍。冠词a/an后面需要接单数名词，结合后文对该小说的介绍和所给词语，此处用动词introduce的名词形式是introduction，意为“介绍”。 3．句意：它听起来像一个普通男孩的名字。根据“the name of a common boy”可知，Oliver这个名字“像”一个普通男孩的名字。固定搭配sound like，意为“听起来像”。 4．句意：这帮助读者把Oliver和一个真实的孩子联系起来。根据句意和所给词语，此处考查固定短语connect with，意为“与……产生联系/共鸣”，help sb. (to) do sth.是固定短语，意为“帮助某人做某事”，此处填动词原形connect。 5．句意：姓氏 (“Twist”) 非常精巧。此处修饰形容词clever需要用副词，根据“Dickens wanted a name to show Oliver’ s twisting (曲折的) life journey. The word “twist” can mean unexpected things.”和所给词语可知，此处表达的意思是“姓氏用的非常巧妙”，此处用unusually“不同寻常地；非常”符合语境，是由形容词usual“通常的；寻常的”转换来的副词。 6．句意：这很符合奥利弗的故事，因为他面临许多冒险、挑战和意外。many后面需要接可数名词复数，根据“challenges, and surprises”可知，Oliver面临着许多“冒险”。“adventure”用复数形式“adventures”。 7．句意：他失去了他的父母，在一个残酷的世界里努力寻找立足之地。修饰名词parents需要用形容词性物主代词，结合主语“He”和所给词语，此处用主格he的物主代词形式是his修饰名词，作定语，his意为“他的”。 8．句意：狄更斯用这个角色和他的故事展现了维多利亚时代英国贫穷儿童的艰难生活。修饰名词children需要用形容词，根据前文的“Oliver Twist was a poor boy”和所给词语，此处poor符合语境，意为“贫穷的”。 9．句意：《雾都孤儿》这个名字之所以出名，是因为它既展现了Oliver的善良，又展现了他艰难曲折的人生道路。结合句意和所给词语，此处考查固定搭配both...and...，意为“既……又……”，此处应用and。 10．句意：这被证明是一个绝妙的想法，因为它帮助Oliver成为文学史上一个极具影响力的角色。“has/have+动词的过去分词”构成现在完成时，根据“This has...to be an excellent idea”可知，“prove to be”意为“被证明是”，此处用动词prove“证明”的过去分词形式proved。 （四） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一次，每次限用一次。 a  recent  nothing  and  success  teach  want  do  introduce  in If you love reading books, you must know about the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain. The book is 1 . And it is popular among kids at home and abroad. Even if I am an adult now, I'm still a fan of this book. After re-reading the book 2 , I have learned an important lesson from Tom Sawyer. In our daily lives, we are often given some boring 3 tiring tasks. Have you ever 4 to complain (抱怨)? I think most people have. Tom Sawyer, however, had 5 different thought when he was given a boring task. One day, Aunt Polly told Tom to paint the fence (篱笆). Tom was 6 his job when his friend Ben Rogers happened to pass by. Instead of complaining, Tom 7 the task and told him that he felt “excited” about it. “Only one in a thousand—maybe even two thousand—boys can do this!” Tom said. Tom’s words made Ben become interested 8 the task. He even gave Tom his apple so that he could have a chance to paint the fence. If Tom had thought about 9 but complaining, he would have had a bad day painting the fence. This story 10 me a valuable lesson: Complaining is useless. 【答案】 1．successful 2．recently 3．and 4．wanted 5．a 6．doing 7．introduced 8．in 9．nothing 10．teaches 【解析】本文介绍了马克·吐温的著作《汤姆·索亚历险记》以及作者从汤姆身上学到的重要一课：抱怨是没有用的。当汤姆被要求刷篱笆时，他没有抱怨，而是把任务说得很有趣，成功让朋友本主动用苹果换取刷篱笆的机会。 【详解】1．句意：这本书很成功。空格处需要填一个形容词作表语，方框中的“success”的形容词形式是“successful”，意为“成功的”，符合句意，故填“successful”。 2．句意：在最近重读这本书之后，我从汤姆·索亚身上学到了重要的一课。空格处需要填一个副词修饰动词“re-reading”，方框中的“recent”的副词形式是“recently”，意为“最近”，符合句意，故填“recently”。 3．句意：在我们的日常生活中，我们经常被赋予一些无聊且令人疲惫的任务。空格连接两个形容词“boring”和“tiring”，表示并列关系。方框中的“and”意为“和/并且”，符合句意，故填“and”。 4．句意：你是否曾经想过抱怨？“have/has + 过去分词”构成现在完成时，表示“曾经做过某事”。方框中的“want”的过去分词是“wanted”，“want to do”意为“想要做某事”，符合句意，故填“wanted”。 5．句意：然而，当汤姆被赋予一项无聊的任务时，他有一个完全不同的想法。空格处需要填一个冠词修饰“different thought”，“different”为辅音音素开头，故选“a”。 6．句意：汤姆正在做他的工作时，他的朋友本·罗杰斯碰巧路过。空格前“was”与动词的现在分词构成过去进行时，表示“正在做”。方框中的“do”的现在分词是“doing”，意为“做”，符合句意，故填“doing”。 7．句意：汤姆没有抱怨，而是介绍了这项任务，并告诉本他对此感到“兴奋”。空格处需要填一个动词过去式作谓语，方框中的“introduce”的过去式是“introduced”，意为“介绍”，符合句意，故填“introduced”。 8．句意：汤姆的话让本对这项任务产生了兴趣。“become interested in”是固定短语，意为“对……产生兴趣”，符合语境，故填“in”。 9．句意：如果汤姆只想着抱怨而不是别的事情，他刷篱笆的一天就会很糟糕。“nothing but”是固定短语，意为“除了……什么也没有/只有”，这里“thought about nothing but complaining”意为“只想着抱怨”，故填“nothing”。 10．句意：这个故事教给我宝贵的一课：抱怨是没有用的。空格处需要填一个动词作谓语，表示“教给”，选“teach”。最后这句是对一般事实的描述，句子应该是一般现在时，主语是“The story”，谓语应该用第三人称单数形式，故填“teaches”。 话题4志愿服务 （一） 从方框中选择合适的单词或短语，并用其正确形式填空，每词限用一次。 volunteer    expect    achieve    similar    closely training    coach    event    donate    necessary Last month, I took part in a volunteer event for the Special Olympics, and it was the most unforgettable experience in my life. Before the 1 , we received a lot of 2 about how to work with special athletes. We learned that we need to work 3 with the athletes and give them enough support. My job was to help a young athlete named Xiao Wei, whose experience was 4 to that of many other special athletes. He 5 to win a prize in the running race, and he practiced very hard for it. His 6 told me that Xiao Wei never gave up, even when he was too tired to walk. It was 7 for him to keep training to 8 his dream. During the race, I cheered for him loudly. Finally, he won third place. He was so excited that he cried. After the event, many people 9 money to the Special Olympics organization. I also decided to be a 10 for more events in the future. This experience taught me that everyone can be a hero if they never give up, and helping others can make our life more meaningful. 【答案】 1．event 2．training 3．closely 4．similar 5．expected 6．coach 7．necessary 8．achieve 9．donated 10．volunteer 【解析】本文讲述了作者参加特奥会志愿者活动的经历，通过帮助一名特殊运动员实现梦想，体会到永不放弃的精神和助人的意义。 【详解】1．句意：在活动开始之前，我们接受了大量关于如何与特殊运动员合作的培训。此处需要一个名词，在句中作介词Before的宾语。根据“for the Special Olympics”以及后文“During the race”可知，这里指特奥会这个“活动”。“event”意为“活动”，符合语境。 2．句意：在活动开始之前，我们接受了大量关于如何与特殊运动员合作的培训。此处需要一个名词，在句中作宾语。根据“how to work with special athletes”可知，我们接受的“培训”是关于如何与运动员合作。“training”意为“培训”，符合语境。 3．句意：我们学会了需要与运动员紧密合作，并给予他们足够的支持。此处需要一个副词，在句中修饰动词“work”。根据“with the athletes and give them enough support”可知，我们需要“紧密地”与运动员合作。副词“closely”意为“紧密地”，符合语境。 4．句意：我的工作是帮助一位名叫小伟的年轻运动员，他的经历与许多其他特殊运动员相似。此处需要一个形容词，在句中作表语。根据“to many other special athletes”可知，小伟的经历与其他运动员“相似”。“similar”意为“相似的”，符合语境。 5．句意：他期望在跑步比赛中获奖，并为此非常努力地训练。此处需要一个动词，在句中作谓语。根据“to win a prize in the running race”可知，他“期望”获奖。描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时“expected”。 6．句意：他的教练告诉我，小伟从不放弃，即使他累得走不动了。此处需要一个单数名词，在句中作主语。根据“told me that Xiao Wei never gave up”可知，告诉作者这些的是小伟的“教练”。“coach”意为“教练”，符合语境。 7．句意：对他来说，坚持训练以实现梦想是必要的。此处需要一个形容词，在句中作表语。根据“for him to keep training”可知，坚持训练对他来说是“必要的”。“necessary”意为“必要的”，符合语境。 8．句意：对他来说，坚持训练以实现梦想是必要的。此处需要一个动词，与“to”构成不定式短语。根据“his dream”可知，“achieve one’s dream”意为“实现某人的梦想”。“achieve”意为“实现”，符合语境。 9．句意：活动结束后，许多人向特奥会组织捐款。此处需要一个动词，在句中作谓语。根据“money to the Special Olympics organization”可知，人们“捐赠”了钱。“donate”用过去式“donated”。 10．句意：我也决定将来为更多的活动做志愿者。此处需要一个单数名词，在句中作表语。根据“for more events in the future”可知，作者决定做“志愿者”。“volunteer”意为“志愿者”，符合语境。 （二） 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。） she  homeless  for  way  help  work  volunteer  careful  show  good In the town there was a girl called Anna. One day, on the way home, she saw a sad 1 little dog. Anna thought she needed to help. She called a friendly group called Best Friends. They were experts (专家) at saving animals. With their 2 , Anna saved the dog and named him Buddy. She cared for the dog 3 , and they became the 4 friends. She decided to help other animals too. Soon, she became a 5 at Best Friends and met more animals. “I always want to do something helpful, so why not 6 for animals?” said Anna, “and for me, volunteering for dogs is the best 7 to do that.” The workers are really helpful, and it’s nice to find homes 8 animals.” Anna helped the animals with 9 hard work, and her story 10 that we can do a job to make a big difference. 【答案】 1．homeless 2．help 3．carefully 4．best 5．volunteer 6．work 7．way 8．for 9．her 10．shows 【解析】文章讲述安娜救助小狗后成为志愿者帮助更多动物，其故事表明人们可通过行动产生大影响。 【详解】1．句意：有一天，她在回家的路上，看到一只悲伤无家可归的小狗。根据语境可知此处表达“无家可归的”，homeless表示“无家可归的”，符合题意，故填homeless。 2．句意：在他们的帮助下，安娜救了这只狗。“with one’s help”表示“在某人的帮助下”，所以这里填help。 3．句意：她细心地照顾这只狗，他们成了最好的朋友。“care for...carefully”表示“细心地照顾……”，这里用副词carefully修饰动词短语“cared for”，故填carefully。 4．句意：她细心地照顾这只狗，他们成了最好的朋友。“the best friends”表示“最好的朋友”，good的最高级是best，故填best。 5．句意：她决定也帮助其他动物，很快她成为了“Best Friends”的一名志愿者。根据上下文，Anna加入Best Friends 组织，成为了一名志愿者，“a volunteer”表示“一名志愿者”，故填volunteer。 6．句意：我一直想做一些有用的事情，为什么不为动物们做一些事情呢？“why not do sth.”表示“为什么不做某事”，这里说为什么不为动物们做一些事情呢，结合选项，work符合题意。故填work。 7．句意：对我来说，为狗做志愿工作是做那件事的最好方式。“the best way to do sth.”表示“做某事的最好方式”，故填way。 8．句意：工作人员真的很乐于助人，很高兴能为动物找到家。”固定搭配find homes for animals 意为“为动物找到家”，for表示 “为了。故填for。 9．句意：安娜用她的辛勤工作帮助动物们，她的故事表明我们可以做一些工作来带来巨大的改变。这里用形容词性物主代词her修饰“hard work”，故填her。 10．句意：安娜用她的辛勤工作帮助动物们，她的故事表明我们可以做一些工作来带来巨大的改变。主语“her story”是第三人称单数，且句子是一般现在时，所以谓语动词show要用第三人称单数形式shows，故填shows。 （三） 根据短文内容，从方框内所给10个词汇中选择意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化，填入空白处。 checked, have to, hear, near, late, notice, be worried, be lost, couldn’t, until [Mum is sitting in the living room, worried. The clock reads 10:27 pm. The son runs through the door, out of breath.] The son came home 1 after the time he had promised. His mum 2 and angry. The son tried to explain. First, he 3 go back to Jiacheng’s house to get his phone. On the way, he 4 an old woman under a street lamp. She 5 and couldn’t find her way home. Then the son 6 on her and found a yellow band on her wrist with her information. Because he 7 call her family, he gave her his jacket and took her to the 8 police station. He waited with her 9 a policewoman took her home. After 10 the whole story, the mum was no longer angry. She was sorry for being angry and felt proud of her son. 【答案】 1．late 2．was worried 3．had to 4．noticed 5．was lost 6．checked 7．couldn’t 8．nearest 9．until 10．hearing 【解析】本文主要讲述了儿子回家晚，妈妈担心又生气，在儿子解释后，她不再生气，并为儿子感到骄傲。 【详解】1．句意：儿子在他答应的时间之后很晚才回家。此处需要一个副词，在句中修饰came home。因为“after the time he had promised”说明他回家很晚，所以选择late。故填late。 2．句意：他的妈妈既担心又生气。此处需要一个形容词，在句中作表语。因为儿子很晚没有回家，妈妈自然会担心，“be worried”表示“担心的”，且文章时态为一般过去时，所以选择be worried并变为was worried。故填was worried。 3．句意：首先，他不得不回到家诚家去拿他的手机。此处需要一个动词短语，在句中作谓语。因为“go back to Jiacheng’s house to get his phone”表示不得不回去拿手机，“have to”符合语境，且文章时态为一般过去时，所以选择have to并变为had to。故填had to。 4．句意：在路上，他注意到一位老妇人在街灯下。此处需要一个动词，在句中作谓语。因为后文提到老妇人迷路了，所以这里是他注意到了她，“notice”表示“注意到”，且句子为一般过去时，所以选择notice并变为noticed。故填noticed。 5．句意：她迷路了，找不到回家的路。此处需要一个形容词短语，在句中作表语。因为“couldn’t find her way home”说明她迷路了，所以选择be lost并变为was lost。故填was lost。 6．句意：然后儿子查看了她的情况，并发现她手腕上有一条写着信息的黄色手环。此处需要一个动词，在句中作谓语。因为“found a yellow band on her wrist with her information”说明他先查看了她的信息，“check on sb.”表示“查看某人的情况”，且句子为一般过去时，所以选择checked。故填checked。 7．句意：因为他无法联系到她的家人，他把自己的夹克给了她，并带她去了附近的警察局。此处需要一个情态动词短语，在句中作谓语。因为老妇人需要帮助，所以这里表示“不能联系到她的家人”，“couldn’t”符合语境。故填couldn’t。 8．小题8 句意：因为他无法联系到她的家人，他把自己的夹克给了她，并带她去了最近的警察局。此处需要一个形容词，空前有定冠词the，表示“最近的”，需用最高级形式，在句中作定语修饰police station。因为事情发生在街上，儿子应是带老人去“最近的警察局”，“nearest”表示“最近的”，符合语境，所以选择near并变为nearest。故填nearest。 9．句意：他陪着她一直等到一位女警察送她回家。此处需要一个连词，在句中引导时间状语从句。因为“waited with her”和“a policewoman took her home”之间表示“直到”，所以选择until。故填until。 10．句意：听完整个故事后，妈妈不再生气了。此处需要一个动名词，在句中作介词After的宾语。因为妈妈是在听完事情经过后不再生气的，所以选择hear并变为hearing。故填hearing。 （四） 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其正确形式填空，每词限用一次。 volunteer   meaningful   disabled   blind   deaf   polite   necessary   brave   support   spend It is always meaningful to spend our free time helping people around us, especially those who are in trouble. Last month, I decided to work as a 1 at the local community centre with my best friend. We wanted to do something to help people with 2 and make their lives a little easier. Every Saturday morning, we arrive at the centre on time, and we are 3 to everyone we meet there. First, we often visit the 4 people who can not see the world. We read newspapers, interesting stories and even poems to them carefully. We also describe the beautiful scenery outside the window to them, so they can feel the warmth of the world. Then, we go to the area for the 5 people. We use body language and simple notes to communicate with them, and we play games with them to make them feel happy. We also help the homeless people who have no home to live in. We give them food and clothes, and we listen to their stories carefully. It is 6 for us to give them enough love and 7 , because they have experienced too many difficulties. We 8 about 3 hours every week staying with them, and we never feel tired. It is 9 of us to face the difficulties with them, and we will keep doing this 10 work in the future. Every time we see their bright smiles, we know that all our efforts are worth it, and this experience teaches us the true meaning of kindness. 【答案】 1．volunteer 2．disabilities 3．polite 4．blind 5．deaf 6．necessary 7．support 8．spend 9．brave 10．meaningful 【解析】本文讲述作者与朋友在社区中心帮助残疾人及无家可归者的志愿服务经历与感悟。 【详解】1．句意：上个月，我决定和最好的朋友一起在当地的社区中心做志愿者。空处位于work as a之后，需填单数名词表示身份；结合下文描述帮助残疾人和无家可归者的行为可知，作者是去做“志愿者”，volunteer符合语境。 2．句意：我们想做点什么来帮助有残疾的人，让他们的生活轻松一点。空处位于介词with之后，需填名词；结合下文分别提到“盲人”和“聋人”可知，作者帮助的是有“残疾”的人，disabled的名词形式是disability，此处需用复数disabilities，泛指“残疾”这一类别。 3．句意：每个周六早上我们准时到达中心，并且对遇到的每一个人都很礼貌。空处位于are之后作表语，需填形容词；结合上下文在社区中心服务他人可知，对他人应保持“礼貌的”，polite符合语境。 4．句意：首先，我们经常拜访那些看不见世界的盲人。空处修饰名词people，需填形容词；结合下文“who can not see the world”可知，这些人看不见世界，因此是“盲人”，blind“失明的，盲的”符合语境。 5．句意：然后，我们去到聋人的区域。空处修饰名词people，需填形容词；结合下文“We use body language and simple notes to communicate with them”可知，需要通过肢体语言和写字交流，因此是“聋人”，deaf意为“聋的”，符合“听力障碍”的语境。 6．句意：给他们足够的爱和支持是必要的，因为他们经历了太多的困难。空处位于is之后作表语，需填形容词；结合下文“because they have experienced too many difficulties”可知，无家可归者经历了很多困难，因此给予关爱是“必要的”，necessary符合语境。 7．句意：给他们足够的爱和支持是必要的，因为他们经历了太多的困难。空处与love并列作宾语，需填名词；无家可归者经历过许多困难，他们不仅需要物质上的“爱”，还需要精神上的“支持”，support意为“支持”，符合语境。 8．句意：我们每周花大约3个小时陪伴他们，从不感到疲倦。空处作谓语，描述习惯性行为，用一般现在时，主语We为复数，谓语动词用原形；spend time doing sth.意为“花时间做某事”，spend符合“时间投入”的语境。 9．句意：与他们一起面对困难是我们的勇敢之举，我们将继续在未来做这项有意义的工作。空处位于is之后作表语，需填形容词；结合上文帮助有困难的人需要面对挑战可知，这种行为是“勇敢的”，brave符合“面对困难不退缩”的语境。 10．句意：与他们一起面对困难是我们的勇敢之举，我们将继续在未来做这项有意义的工作。空处修饰名词work，需填形容词；结合全文主题以及首句“It is always meaningful...”可知，志愿服务是“有意义的”，meaningful符合语境。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $