专题05 宾语从句（暑假复习讲义）新九年级英语新教材外研版

专题05 宾语从句 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 宾语从句 1. 引导词 2. 时态 3. 语序 1. 越来越注重语境理解 2. 在语篇中考查l连词的运用 3. 在语篇中考查动词时态 考情解码：宾语从句通常出现在单项选择，语法选择，语法填空，选词填空等考题中。 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) 宾语从句三大考点：时态、语序、引导词。 时 态 如果主句为一般现在时，从句可根据实际情 况而定。 I believe that she has left Changsha. I wonder if he came here last night. 如果主句为一般过去时，从句一般要用过去 某种时态。 She told me that she would join the club. 如果宾从是客观真理，从句用一般现在时。 The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 语 序 宾语从句总是用陈述句语序，即从句的引导 词后是主语、谓语、宾语的语序；当引导词 作主语时，后面直接跟谓语和宾语。 I wonder if he is a driver. Do you know what his name is? I don’t know who saved the girl. 引 导 词 当从句为陈述句时，用that 引导(口语中可省） I know (that) she is a boss. 当从句为一般疑问句时，用 whether/if 引导 I wonder if she is a boss. 特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，从句的连接词 由该特殊疑问句的疑问词充当。 特殊疑问句 做宾语从句时，从句都用“引导词+陈述句语 序 ”，句末是否用问号由主句来定。 Could you please tell me where you are from? He wants to know what he is. 注 意 1. 当 宾 语 从 句 表 否 定 意 义 时 ， 如 果 主 句 主 语 为 第 一 人 称 ， 谓 语 动 词 为 think,believe,guess,suppose 等词时，通常将否定转移至主句的谓语动词之前。如：I don’t believe he will come.我相信他不会来了。 2.含有宾语从句的复合句在一定条件下可以转化为简单句。 如：I don’t know how I should do it next. I don’t know how to do it next. ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 宾语从句 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。中考主要考查的知识点有三个：引导词、时态和语序。 1.【宾语从句的引导词】 宾语从句的引导词有三种：that；whether/if；特殊疑问what/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why/how等。 （1）that引导的宾语从句：宾语从句具有陈述意义时，或是宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，用于陈述一件事，宾语从句用that引导，that无意义，不充当成分，在口语或非正式文体中常被省略，但在正式场合，特别是表示建议要求的从句，一般不省略。 如：The radio says it will rain tomorrow. 收音机报道说明天要下雨。 Do you think it will rain? 你认为天会下雨吗? He said he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。 （2）特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句：宾语从句具有特殊疑问句含义时，或是宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，应该用连接代词（what, which, who, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导。这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。 如： Could you tell me gate we have to go to? 请问我们得走哪个门? Could you tell me he said to you? 你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？ He didn’t tell me he would stay here. 他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。 Could you tell me you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？ 【注意】what引导宾语从句时有两种含义，一是“什么”，一是“……的东西/事情等”。如： Can you tell me we can do for you? 请问我们能为你做点什么？(what意思为“什么”) In one’s own home one can do one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。(what意思为“……的事情”) （3）if或whether引导的宾语从句：宾语从句具有一般疑问句含义时，或是宾语从句是一般疑问句转化而来的，引导词用if 或whether。if 或whether在句子中不充当成分，但有一定的意义，意为“是否”。if 或whether不可省略。 如： I don’t care you like the story or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。 I wonder you have told the news to Li Lei. 我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。 Let us know you can finish the work before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。 【注意】一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下几种情况只能用whether： ① 在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether，而不用if。如： I want to know it’s good news or not. 我想知道是否是好消息。 They are talking about to go there or not. 他们正在谈论是否去那儿。 Can you tell me or not he will come to our party. 你能告诉我是否将要来参加我们的聚会。 ② 宾语是介词引导的从句时用whether。如： It depends on (取决于) it is going to rain. 这取决于是否会下雨。 It all depends on he has enough time. 这要看他是否有足够的时间。 His father is worried about he loses his work. 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。 ③ 宾语是不定式时用whether。如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。 We really don’t know to go or to stay. 我们确实不知道是去还是留。 ④ 有时为了强调，将宾语从句放在句首时用whether。如： the story is true or not, I don’t know yet. 故事是否属实，我还不知道。 they can finish the work on time is still a problem. 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。 【巩固提升1】填空题 1.Find out 　　　 those things are, think hard about who you want to be, and then show yourself honestly to the people around you.  2.—Do you know　　　the Smiths left Shanghai?  —I’m not sure about the date. I only remember it was a Sunday. 3.—It’s said that the new highway has been completed. —Yes,but we don’t know　　　 it’s to be opened to traffic soon.  【巩固提升2】选择题 1.—Hi, Ken. Did Mrs. Zhang tell us　　　?  —Yes. She said we should meet there at nine. A.which was the way to the station B.why we should meet at the station C.when we should get to the station D.who we should meet at the station 2.— Could you tell me _________? — He likes the Science Museum best. A．when Kevin visited the museum B．which museum Kevin likes best C．when did Kevin visit the museum D．which museum does Kevin like best 2.【宾语从句的时态】 （1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时（包括一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时）或祈使句时，从句可根据意义需要选用任何一种时态。如： He says that he is good at English. 他说他擅长英语。 He says that he been ill for two days. 他说他已经病了两天了。 I don’t know if he come tomorrow. 我不知道是否他明天回来。 Xiaoming wants to know what time you up this morning. 小明想知道今天早晨你是几点起床的。 Do you know what he doing at 9 o’clock yesterday evening? 你知道昨天晚上九点钟他在干什么吗？ （2）如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时（包括一般过去时，过去将来时，过去进行时，过去在完成时），从句要用相对应的过去的时态（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。 如： We asked what Jean doing then. 我们问Jean那时正在做什么。 （3） 如果宾语从句表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、谚语、格言等，不论主句用何种时态，从句一律用一般现在时。 如： He said that the sun in the east. 他说太阳从东方升起。 Polly said no news good news. 波利说没有消息就是好消息。 He told me that his father an English teacher. 他告诉我他父亲是一位英语老师。 The mother told his son that two and three five. 母亲告诉她的儿子二加三等于五。 Lisa asked whether light faster than sound. 莉萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。 We all knew that a friend in need a friend indeed. 我们都知道患难的朋友才是真正的朋友。 The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day. 老师昨天告诉我们十二月二十五日是圣诞节。 （4）如果宾语从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语，不论主句用什么时态，从句一律用过去时。 如： She said she to work here in 1998. 她说她1998年来这儿工作。 The teacher told us that the war out in the winter of 1923. 老师告诉我们战争爆发于1923年冬天。 （5）情态动词could/would用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。 Could you tell me where the nearest hospital ? 你能告诉我最近的医院在哪儿吗？ Could you let me know when he arrive here? 你能让我知道他什么时候离开这儿吗？ 【巩固提升1】 1.—Did you notice 　　　 in her office?  —Yes. She was going over our writing. A.what was Miss Lin doing B.what Miss Lin was doing C.what does Miss Lin do D.what Miss Lin does 2.—Alice, could you tell me 　　　 London?  —Sure. Last Sunday. A.when Mr. Smith left B.when Mr. Smith will leave C.when did Mr. Smith leave D.when will Mr. Smith leave 3.—Judy, could you tell me 　　　 the schoolbag?  —Oh, yes. I bought it in a store on the Internet. A.where did you buy B.where will you buy C.where you bought D.where you will buy 4.—Could you tell me ______? —Sorry, I’ve never had a home robot before. Why not read the instructions first? A．where can I buy a home robot B．where I can buy a home robot C．how can I turn the home robot on D．how I can turn the home robot on 3.【宾语从句的语序】 （1）陈述句改为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。 如： He is a good boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said (that) he was a good boy. 老师说他是一个好孩子。 （2）一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句，语序改为陈述语序。 如： Does he work hard? I wonder. →I wonder if/whether . 我想知道他是否努力工作。 Did you get home very late? He asked me. →He asked me if . 他问我是否到家很晚。 When did he leave? I don’t know. →I don’t know when . 我不知道他是什么时候离开的。 Where does your father work? Can you tell us?→Can you tell us where ? 你能告诉我们你爸在哪里工作吗? 【注意】当引导词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时，其语序则保持原来的语序，即“连接代词+谓语”。如： He asked me what was wrong with me. 他问我我怎么啦？（what在从句中作主语） Can you tell me what is the matter? 你能告诉我出了什么事？（what在从句中作主语） I don’t know who is the youngest of them. 我不知道他们中谁最小。（who在从句中作主语） 【巩固提升1】 1.—Dear friends, do you still remember 　　　 three years ago?  —To realize our dreams! A.why you came here B.why did you come here C.how you came here D.how did you come here 4.【宾语从句的否定转移】 如果主句的主语是第一人称I或we 时，并且谓语动词多为think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等表示心理活动的词时，如果宾语从句是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移到主句的谓语动词上，而将宾语从句变成肯定形式，即否定转移。否则，变否定句看从句。 如： I believe he will come.（变否定句）→I believe he will come. 我相信他不会来。 I think chicken can swim.（变否定句）→I think chicken can swim. 我认为鸡不会游泳。 He knows where I live.（变否定句）→He know where I live. 他不知道我住在什么地方。 5.【宾语从句的复合结构】 （1）在think, find, feel, consider, make, believe等接有复合宾语的动词之后，为了避免句子头重脚轻或关系模糊，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正作宾语的宾语从句放在宾语补足语之后，即用“及物动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句”结构。 如： I think important that we should learn swimming well. 我认为我们应该学好游泳是很重要的。 （2）有些动词带宾语从句时要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词主要有：hate, take, owe, have, see to。 如： He will have that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行。 I hate when they say with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。 （3）若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替。 如： We all consider you said to be unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的。 We discovered we had learned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的。 6.【宾语从句的简化】 宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“疑问词+不定式”、复合宾语、动词不定式（名词、动名词、形容词或副词、过去分词）短语、名词和过去分词等。下面介绍几种常见的简化宾语从句的用法。 方法一：改为“动词+不定式短语”。当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise, forget, plan等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。 如： We decided that we would help him. →We decided help him. 我们决定，我们会帮助他。 Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes be back very soon. 李明希望他会很快回来。 She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed help me with my maths. 她同意帮助我学数学。 方法二：改为“疑问词+不定式”。当主句谓语动词是ask, know, learn, remember, forget, tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 如： I don’t know what I should say.→I don’t know what say. 我不知道要说什么。 She has forgotten how she can open the door.→ She has forgotten how open the door. 他已忘记如何打开那扇门了。 【注意】当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, show, teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如： Could you tell me how I can get to the station? →Could you tell me get to the station? 你能告诉我怎样去火车站吗？ 方法三：改为“宾语+动名词形式/不定式/名词（作宾补）”。当主句谓语动词是find, see, watch, hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的动名词或不定式形式。 如： They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very . 他们发现这只箱子很重。 She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet on the ground. 她发现钱包躺在地上。 方法四：改为“不定式（短语）”。动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。 如： It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed win. 男孩们似乎要赢了。 方法五：改为“名词或名词短语”。如：I’ll take back what I said. → I’ll take back my words. 我将收回我的话。 Could you tell us how we can get to the museum? → Could you tell us the way to the museum? 你能告诉我如何去博物馆吗? The boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. 那男孩不知道他在何时何地出生。 →The boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth. 男孩不知道他出生的时间和地方 方法六：改为“动名词形式”。动词remember, forget后的宾语从句是现在完成时态时，可把宾语从句改成动名词作宾语， 如：I forget I have closed the window. → I forget the window. 我忘了我已经关过窗户了。 I remember that I have told her the truth. → I remember her the truth. 我记得我把真相告诉了她。 方法七：改为“过去分词或过去分词短语”。如： The teacher found that the boy was very interested in maths. 老师发现这孩子对数学很感兴趣。 →The teacher found the boy very in maths. 老师发现这孩子对数学很感兴趣。 Soon they found that the ground was covered with thick snow. 他们很快发现地面被厚雪覆盖了。 →Soon they found the ground with thick snow. 他们很快发现地面被厚雪覆盖了。 7.【宾语从句和状语从句的区别】 if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，从句时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。 如： ---- I don’t know if he come. 我不知道他是否会来。 ---- He will come if it rain. 如果不下雨，他会来的。 ---- Do you know when he come back tomorrow? 你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？ ---- Sorry, I don’t know. When he back, I’ll tell you. 对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。 一、在空格处填入适当的连词。 1.I believe ___________ she is telling the truth. 2.Could you tell me ___________ the nearest post office is? 3.He asked ____________ I had finished my homework. 4.We don't know _____________ he will come to the party ___________ not. 5.She wondered ____________ her keys were. 6.My teacher taught us ____________ the earth revolves around the sun. 7.Can you guess ____________ I bought for your birthday? 8.Please tell me _____________ you need any help. 9.I'll find out _____________ train leaves first. 10.He described ____________ exciting the trip had been. 11.Nobody knows ______________ broke the window. 12.She is thinking about ______________ she should say next. 13.I think it a pity _____________ you missed the wonderful performance. 14.They are right there with you before you have had the chance to finish ___________ you are saying. 15.To be honest, I am not the person deserving the honor, it should be given to ___________ we think has made the greatest contribution. 16.Mr. Braun asked the boy ___________ he would want if he could have anything in the world. 17.Sometimes, I really doubt ___________ there is love between my parents. 18.They told me ____________ they could finish the work before ten o'clock. 19.The old man asked the police ___________ there is a bank near this park. 20.We need to determine ____________ this belongs to. 21.---I wonder ____________ notebook it is. --- It might be Gina's. 22.---Do you know _____________ he was born? ---Yes, I do. He was born in Hebei Province. 23.I asked him _____________ the meeting would start. The secretary said that it would start at 4:30. 24.They decided to go there by bus. Please tell me ___________ you are going there. 25.Lisa wanted to know ____________ my English name was. 26.It's well-known _____________ Lu Xun was a great writer. 27.The teacher wants to know __________ phone is ringing. 28.I asked my neighbor ___________ he had helped before he moved to this city. 29.Could you tell me ____________ parents will come to the school meeting? 30.At that time I was not sure ____________ he would pick me up on time the next day. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.I wonder if Tom ____________ (be) an actor in the future. 2.I think that they ____________ (shop) at this time yesterday. 3.The teacher told us that light ______________ (travel) faster than sound. 4.He told me that he _____________ (leave) for Shanghai next week. 5.My brother said he ____________(do) some washing if ___________ (not rain) the next day. 6.Jim hopes that he ___________ (learn) how to ride a bike by himself as soon as possible. 7.These key words can help you understand what this sentence ___________ (mean). 8.Our teacher told us that the earth _____________ (go) around the sun yesterday. 9.I don't know if it __________ this Saturday afternoon. If it ___________, we will go for a picnic. (rain) 10.Please make sure the computer ____________ (connect) to the keyboard properly. 11.---What did your mother say about this? --- She ___________ (say)that she ____________ (try) her best to help me with my English next term. 12.Tom asked why I ___________ (be) late this morning. 13.They haven't been to Beijing. But I'm sure they ___________ (go) there one day. 14.I didn't know what time he ___________ (write) the letter. 15.Did you find out where she __________ (lose) her bike? 16.He asked what I ____________ (do) at that moment. 17.The teacher told the children that summer ______________ (come) after spring. 18.Mr. White says that he ____________ (come) back in about five days. 19.Tina complains (抱怨) that waiting for Sally always ____________ (drive) her crazy. 20.Our teacher once told us that the early bird ___________ (catch) the worm. 21.He told me that he ____________ (keep) these since 2000. 22.---Do you know what ___________ (cause) this terrible traffic accident? ---Maybe the driver drove the car with tiredness. 23.I hear that he _____________ (enjoy) playing football very much. 24.Do you know that potato chips _____________ (invent) by mistake? 25.Peter ____________ (promise) that he would go to school earlier the next time. 三．完成句子 1.他问我昨晚 8点是否在看电视。 He asked me ___________ ___________ ____________ ____________ TV at 8 last night. 2.她想知道昨天是谁拿走了她的伞， She wondered ____________ _____________ ___________ umbrella away yesterday. 3.老师想知道我们是否已经完成了家庭作业。 The teacher wanted to know ___________ we ____________ _____________ our homework. 4.你能告诉我下个月聚会什么时候举行吗? Could you tell me _____________ the party _____________ _____________held next month? 5.我刚才打电话给他时，不知道他在跟谁说话。 I didn't know ___________ he ____________ to when I called him just now. 6.我想知道他今天早上为什么上学迟到。 I want to know _____________ he __________ ___________ __________ school this morning. 7.Mike说他从来没去过澳大利亚。 Mike said ____________ he ____________ ____________ ___________ to Australia. 8.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 I’m interested in ___________ he ____________ English. 9.玛丽问我什么时候收到了她的来信。 Mary asked me ___________ ____________ ___________ ___________ her. 10.他说他会在晚饭之前完成作业。 He said ___________ he ___________ ___________ his work before supper. 四、语法选择 （24-25八年级下·广东湛江·期末）On March 17th, good news came from Huizhou Marathon (马拉松). In the Happy Running (欢乐跑) project, two 1 from Huizhou won the first and third prizes among 4,000 runners. The first prize winner, Yu Haorong, is 2 eighth-grade student. “I was so 3 when I heard that I won.” He showed great interest 4 running and began to run when he was in the seventh grade. For him, running is not only a way 5 healthy, but also a way to relax. He always goes running after school and he runs about 6 kilometers every time. Once, he tried to do his best and he ran 15 kilometers within one hour and four minutes, without drinking 6 water. “The more I run, the more I like running. Because I do better each time. Doing better makes me happy and makes me 7 more wonderful than any other thing in the world.” Han Mingye, the third winner, is Yu Haorong’s classmate. He didn’t get enough warm-up at the start of the running, 8 he hurt his leg. When people asked him how 9 keep running with a wounded leg, he said, “I didn’t want to feel regretful for 10 . I thought about my family and I wanted to finish the Happy Running with my classmate.” 1．A．students B．student C．student’s 2．A．an B．a C．the 3．A．excite B．excited C．exciting 4．A．to B．on C．in 5．A．to keeping B．keep C．to keep 6．A．any B．much C．some 7．A．felt B．feel C．to feel 8．A．because B．so C．and 9．A．could he B．he could C．he can 10．A．me B．I C．myself 五、语法填空 （24-25八年级下·浙江绍兴·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Have you ever watched the famous Disney movie Tangled (《魔发奇缘》), which tells the story of Princess Rapunzel with long hair? Elsie Kennedy, 14, from Australia, loved Rapunzel very much, 1 she decided to grow her hair, she grew it down to her waist and it is 2 (long) hair in her town. She was proud of her hair and spent an hour 3 (wash) it every day. However, her reason for keeping her long hair changed over time. She decided to give it away to make a wig(假发) for 4 child with cancer(癌症). “I’ve never had a real haircut —my 5 (one) trim (修剪) was at 7, and since then, just a small trim,” Kennedy told Kids News. “Every time I look at 6 (I) in the mirror, I’m very happy. I have a new look and my hair will go to a good cause.” What’s more, Kennedy tried to raise money 7 other kids with cancer. To do that, she asked her school for help 8 (get) the money and let more students know about kids with cancer. That was the reason 9 she had her hair cut at her school. Aiming to raise $14000 (about 102000 yuan) , she 10 (reach) $11000 so far, “To know that my fundraising will help kids and families going through a really hard time is amazing,” Kennedy told Kids News. 六、任务型阅读 （24-25八年级下·四川成都·期末）完成图表。根据短文内容，完成图表中所缺信息。 A glacier is a large body of ice that slowly moves down a mountain or over a wide area of land. March 21 has been set as World Day for Glaciers in 2025. It has started to encourage everyone to help protect them. But do you know why? As we all know, over 70 percent of the world’s fresh water is stored in glaciers. They are like lifeblood for many people and animals. In areas like the Himalayas, many people and animals depend on glacier water to live. There are some glaciers on the mountains, too. They are home to a large number of animals. But now glaciers around the world are melting very quickly. Glaciers are in big trouble and climate (气候) change leads to rising temperature and the warming earth. Many glaciers have already disappeared, and others are melting rapidly. Scientists say two-thirds of them may disappear by 2100. These glaciers are more than just ice. They provide us with drinking water and help with farming. Losing glaciers means less water for many people and higher risks of floods (洪水). It would also be bad for animals and plants. Some animals may need to move higher up the mountains, but this could put them in danger of losing their homes. What can we do about melting glaciers? To make more ice is simpler than the others, according to some scientists. Yes, that’s their answer to one of the biggest problems of the century! So Chinese scientists use machines to make snow in Qilian Mountains. The white snow reflects the sun’s heat, helping glaciers stay cool. What’s more, Chinese scientists have done other things to stop glaciers from melting too fast. Glacier No. 1 in Xinjiang is covered with special glacier blankets (毯子) which show the development of high technology. Drones (无人机) are like flying eyes. Scientists send them up to take pictures and videos of glaciers, so they can closely watch every small change. They are all working! Disappearing Glaciers Time March 21, 2025 is 1 time to create World Day for glaciers. Importance Glaciers hold more than 70 percent of earth’s fresh water.  2 with glaciers are home to a large number of animals. Problems There will be less water for people to 3 . Some animals may need to move higher. 4 Making ice is 5 of all and snow is created in Qilian. Special blankets of high technology are put on Glacier No. 1. Drones are now used to watch glaciers closely. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 宾语从句 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 宾语从句 1. 引导词 2. 时态 3. 语序 1. 越来越注重语境理解 2. 在语篇中考查l连词的运用 3. 在语篇中考查动词时态 考情解码：宾语从句通常出现在单项选择，语法选择，语法填空，选词填空等考题中。 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) 宾语从句三大考点：时态、语序、引导词。 时 态 如果主句为一般现在时，从句可根据实际情 况而定。 I believe that she has left Changsha. I wonder if he came here last night. 如果主句为一般过去时，从句一般要用过去 某种时态。 She told me that she would join the club. 如果宾从是客观真理，从句用一般现在时。 The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 语 序 宾语从句总是用陈述句语序，即从句的引导 词后是主语、谓语、宾语的语序；当引导词 作主语时，后面直接跟谓语和宾语。 I wonder if he is a driver. Do you know what his name is? I don’t know who saved the girl. 引 导 词 当从句为陈述句时，用that 引导(口语中可省） I know (that) she is a boss. 当从句为一般疑问句时，用 whether/if 引导 I wonder if she is a boss. 特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，从句的连接词 由该特殊疑问句的疑问词充当。 特殊疑问句 做宾语从句时，从句都用“引导词+陈述句语 序 ”，句末是否用问号由主句来定。 Could you please tell me where you are from? He wants to know what he is. 注 意 1. 当 宾 语 从 句 表 否 定 意 义 时 ， 如 果 主 句 主 语 为 第 一 人 称 ， 谓 语 动 词 为 think,believe,guess,suppose 等词时，通常将否定转移至主句的谓语动词之前。如：I don’t believe he will come.我相信他不会来了。 2.含有宾语从句的复合句在一定条件下可以转化为简单句。 如：I don’t know how I should do it next. I don’t know how to do it next. ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 宾语从句 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。中考主要考查的知识点有三个：引导词、时态和语序。 1.【宾语从句的引导词】 宾语从句的引导词有三种：that；whether/if；特殊疑问what/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why/how等。 （1）that引导的宾语从句：宾语从句具有陈述意义时，或是宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，用于陈述一件事，宾语从句用that引导，that无意义，不充当成分，在口语或非正式文体中常被省略，但在正式场合，特别是表示建议要求的从句，一般不省略。 如：The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow. 收音机报道说明天要下雨。 Do you think (that) it will rain? 你认为天会下雨吗? He said (that) he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。 （2）特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句：宾语从句具有特殊疑问句含义时，或是宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，应该用连接代词（what, which, who, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导。这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。 如： Could you tell me which gate we have to go to? 请问我们得走哪个门? Could you tell me what he said to you? 你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？ He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here. 他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。 Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？ 【注意】what引导宾语从句时有两种含义，一是“什么”，一是“……的东西/事情等”。如： Can you tell me what we can do for you? 请问我们能为你做点什么？(what意思为“什么”) In one’s own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。(what意思为“……的事情”) （3）if或whether引导的宾语从句：宾语从句具有一般疑问句含义时，或是宾语从句是一般疑问句转化而来的，引导词用if 或whether。if 或whether在句子中不充当成分，但有一定的意义，意为“是否”。if 或whether不可省略。 如： I don’t care whether you like the story or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。 I wonder if/whether you have told the news to Li Lei. 我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。 Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。 【注意】一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下几种情况只能用whether： ① 在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether，而不用if。如： I want to know whether it’s good news or not. 我想知道是否是好消息。 They are talking about whether to go there or not. 他们正在谈论是否去那儿。 Can you tell me whether or not he will come to our party. 你能告诉我是否将要来参加我们的聚会。 ② 宾语是介词引导的从句时用whether。如： It depends on (取决于) whether it is going to rain. 这取决于是否会下雨。 It all depends on whether he has enough time. 这要看他是否有足够的时间。 His father is worried about whether he loses his work. 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。 ③ 宾语是不定式时用whether。如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。 We really don’t know whether to go or to stay. 我们确实不知道是去还是留。 ④ 有时为了强调，将宾语从句放在句首时用whether。如： Whether the story is true or not, I don’t know yet. 故事是否属实，我还不知道。 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem. 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。 【巩固提升1】填空题 1.Find out 　　　 those things are, think hard about who you want to be, and then show yourself honestly to the people around you.  【答案】what　 【详解】考查宾语从句的连接词。此处表示“找出那些东西是什么……”。“ 　　　 those things are”为宾语从句,作find out的宾语,该从句中缺少表语,且设空处意为“什么”,故填what。  2.—Do you know　　　the Smiths left Shanghai?  —I’m not sure about the date. I only remember it was a Sunday. 【答案】when　 【详解】句意:——你知道史密斯一家什么时候离开上海的吗?——我不确定日期。我只记得是个星期天。本题考查连接词。根据答句可知是时间,因此使用when。 3.—It’s said that the new highway has been completed. —Yes,but we don’t know　　　 it’s to be opened to traffic soon.  【答案】whether　 【详解】句意:——据说新的公路已经竣工了。——是的,但是我们不知道是否很快就能通车。本题考查宾语从句的连接词。whether是否,符合句意。 【巩固提升2】选择题 1.—Hi, Ken. Did Mrs. Zhang tell us　　　?  —Yes. She said we should meet there at nine. A.which was the way to the station B.why we should meet at the station C.when we should get to the station D.who we should meet at the station 【答案】C　句意:——你好,肯。张夫人告诉我们什么时候应该去车站了吗?——是的。她说我们应该9点钟在那里见面。本题考查宾语从句。由答语的at nine可知宾语从句应用when引导,故本题选择C。 2.— Could you tell me _________? — He likes the Science Museum best. A．when Kevin visited the museum B．which museum Kevin likes best C．when did Kevin visit the museum D．which museum does Kevin like best 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我凯文最喜欢哪个博物馆吗？——他最喜欢科学博物馆。 考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除CD；根据答语“He likes the Science Museum best.”可知，询问最喜欢哪个，故选B。 2.【宾语从句的时态】 （1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时（包括一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时）或祈使句时，从句可根据意义需要选用任何一种时态。如： He says that he is good at English. 他说他擅长英语。 He says that he has been ill for two days. 他说他已经病了两天了。 I don’t know if he will come tomorrow. 我不知道是否他明天回来。 Xiaoming wants to know what time you got up this morning. 小明想知道今天早晨你是几点起床的。 Do you know what he was doing at 9 o’clock yesterday evening? 你知道昨天晚上九点钟他在干什么吗？ （2）如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时（包括一般过去时，过去将来时，过去进行时，过去在完成时），从句要用相对应的过去的时态（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。 如： We asked what Jean was doing then. 我们问Jean那时正在做什么。 （3） 如果宾语从句表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、谚语、格言等，不论主句用何种时态，从句一律用一般现在时。 如： He said that the sun rises in the east. 他说太阳从东方升起。 Polly said no news is good news. 波利说没有消息就是好消息。 He told me that his father is an English teacher. 他告诉我他父亲是一位英语老师。 The mother told his son that two and three is five. 母亲告诉她的儿子二加三等于五。 Lisa asked whether light travels/goes faster than sound. 莉萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。 We all knew that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 我们都知道患难的朋友才是真正的朋友。 The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 is Christmas Day. 老师昨天告诉我们十二月二十五日是圣诞节。 （4）如果宾语从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语，不论主句用什么时态，从句一律用过去时。 如： She said she came to work here in 1998. 她说她1998年来这儿工作。 The teacher told us that the war broke out in the winter of 1923. 老师告诉我们战争爆发于1923年冬天。 （5）情态动词could/would用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。 Could you tell me where the nearest hospital is? 你能告诉我最近的医院在哪儿吗？ Could you let me know when he will arrive here? 你能让我知道他什么时候离开这儿吗？ 【巩固提升1】 1.—Did you notice 　　　 in her office?  —Yes. She was going over our writing. A.what was Miss Lin doing B.what Miss Lin was doing C.what does Miss Lin do D.what Miss Lin does 【答案】B　 【详解】句意:——你有没有注意到林老师在她的办公室里做什么?——注意到了。她在批阅我们的作文。此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,排除A和C;根据答语可知应用过去进行时,因此选B。 2.—Alice, could you tell me 　　　 London?  —Sure. Last Sunday. A.when Mr. Smith left B.when Mr. Smith will leave C.when did Mr. Smith leave D.when will Mr. Smith leave 【答案】A　 【详解】句意:——Alice,你可以告诉我史密斯先生什么时候离开伦敦的吗?——当然可以,上周日。此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,由答句中的Last Sunday可知此处应该用一般过去时,故选择A。 3.—Judy, could you tell me 　　　 the schoolbag?  —Oh, yes. I bought it in a store on the Internet. A.where did you buy B.where will you buy C.where you bought D.where you will buy 【答案】C　【详解】句意:——朱迪,你能告诉我你在哪里买的书包吗?——哦,好的。我在网上的一家商店里买的。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句采用陈述句语序,结合答语使用了一般过去时可知应选C。 4.—Could you tell me ______? —Sorry, I’ve never had a home robot before. Why not read the instructions first? A．where can I buy a home robot B．where I can buy a home robot C．how can I turn the home robot on D．how I can turn the home robot on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我怎样启动家用机器人吗？——对不起，我以前从来没有过家用机器人。为什么不先看看说明书呢？ 考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除AC选项；再根据“Why not read the instructions first?”可知，建议看说明书，说明问句是问如何启动家用机器人，用how引导宾语从句。故选D。 3.【宾语从句的语序】 （1）陈述句改为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。 如： He is a good boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said (that) he was a good boy. 老师说他是一个好孩子。 （2）一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句，语序改为陈述语序。 如： Does he work hard? I wonder. →I wonder if/whether he works hard. 我想知道他是否努力工作。 Did you get home very late? He asked me. →He asked me if I got home very late. 他问我是否到家很晚。 When did he leave? I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left. 我不知道他是什么时候离开的。 Where does your father work? Can you tell us?→Can you tell us where your father works? 你能告诉我们你爸在哪里工作吗? 【注意】当引导词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时，其语序则保持原来的语序，即“连接代词+谓语”。如： He asked me what was wrong with me. 他问我我怎么啦？（what在从句中作主语） Can you tell me what is the matter? 你能告诉我出了什么事？（what在从句中作主语） I don’t know who is the youngest of them. 我不知道他们中谁最小。（who在从句中作主语） 【巩固提升1】 1.—Dear friends, do you still remember 　　　 three years ago?  —To realize our dreams! A.why you came here B.why did you come here C.how you came here D.how did you come here 【答案】A　 【详解】句意:——亲爱的朋友们,你们还记得三年前为什么来这里吗?——为了实现我们的梦想!本题考查宾语从句。答语是表示目的的动词不定式短语,故此处应该用why,且宾语从句中应该用陈述句语序,故选A。 4.【宾语从句的否定转移】 如果主句的主语是第一人称I或we 时，并且谓语动词多为think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等表示心理活动的词时，如果宾语从句是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移到主句的谓语动词上，而将宾语从句变成肯定形式，即否定转移。否则，变否定句看从句。 如： I believe he will come.（变否定句）→I don’t believe he will come. 我相信他不会来。 I think chicken can swim.（变否定句）→I don’t think chicken can swim. 我认为鸡不会游泳。 He knows where I live.（变否定句）→He doesn’t know where I live. 他不知道我住在什么地方。 5.【宾语从句的复合结构】 （1）在think, find, feel, consider, make, believe等接有复合宾语的动词之后，为了避免句子头重脚轻或关系模糊，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正作宾语的宾语从句放在宾语补足语之后，即用“及物动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句”结构。 如： I think it important that we should learn swimming well. 我认为我们应该学好游泳是很重要的。 （2）有些动词带宾语从句时要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词主要有：hate, take, owe, have, see to。 如： He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行。 I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。 （3）若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替。 如： We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的。 We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的。 6.【宾语从句的简化】 宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“疑问词+不定式”、复合宾语、动词不定式（名词、动名词、形容词或副词、过去分词）短语、名词和过去分词等。下面介绍几种常见的简化宾语从句的用法。 方法一：改为“动词+不定式短语”。当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise, forget, plan等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。 如： We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him. 我们决定，我们会帮助他。 Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. 李明希望他会很快回来。 She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths. 她同意帮助我学数学。 方法二：改为“疑问词+不定式”。当主句谓语动词是ask, know, learn, remember, forget, tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 如： I don’t know what I should say.→I don’t know what to say. 我不知道要说什么。 She has forgotten how she can open the door.→ She has forgotten how to open the door. 他已忘记如何打开那扇门了。 【注意】当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, show, teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如： Could you tell me how I can get to the station? →Could you tell me how to get to the station? 你能告诉我怎样去火车站吗？ 方法三：改为“宾语+动名词形式/不定式/名词（作宾补）”。当主句谓语动词是find, see, watch, hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的动名词或不定式形式。 如： They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy. 他们发现这只箱子很重。 She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground. 她发现钱包躺在地上。 方法四：改为“不定式（短语）”。动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。 如： It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win. 男孩们似乎要赢了。 方法五：改为“名词或名词短语”。如：I’ll take back what I said. → I’ll take back my words. 我将收回我的话。 Could you tell us how we can get to the museum? → Could you tell us the way to the museum? 你能告诉我如何去博物馆吗? The boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. 那男孩不知道他在何时何地出生。 →The boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth. 男孩不知道他出生的时间和地方 方法六：改为“动名词形式”。动词remember, forget后的宾语从句是现在完成时态时，可把宾语从句改成动名词作宾语， 如：I forget I have closed the window. → I forget closing the window. 我忘了我已经关过窗户了。 I remember that I have told her the truth. → I remember telling her the truth. 我记得我把真相告诉了她。 方法七：改为“过去分词或过去分词短语”。如： The teacher found that the boy was very interested in maths. 老师发现这孩子对数学很感兴趣。 →The teacher found the boy very interested in maths. 老师发现这孩子对数学很感兴趣。 Soon they found that the ground was covered with thick snow. 他们很快发现地面被厚雪覆盖了。 →Soon they found the ground covered with thick snow. 他们很快发现地面被厚雪覆盖了。 7.【宾语从句和状语从句的区别】 if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，从句时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。 如： ---- I don’t know if he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。 ---- He will come if it doesn’t rain. 如果不下雨，他会来的。 ---- Do you know when he will come back tomorrow? 你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？ ---- Sorry, I don’t know. When he comes back, I’ll tell you. 对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。 一、在空格处填入适当的连词。 1.I believe ___________ she is telling the truth. 2.Could you tell me ___________ the nearest post office is? 3.He asked ____________ I had finished my homework. 4.We don't know _____________ he will come to the party ___________ not. 5.She wondered ____________ her keys were. 6.My teacher taught us ____________ the earth revolves around the sun. 7.Can you guess ____________ I bought for your birthday? 8.Please tell me _____________ you need any help. 9.I'll find out _____________ train leaves first. 10.He described ____________ exciting the trip had been. 11.Nobody knows ______________ broke the window. 12.She is thinking about ______________ she should say next. 13.I think it a pity _____________ you missed the wonderful performance. 14.They are right there with you before you have had the chance to finish ___________ you are saying. 15.To be honest, I am not the person deserving the honor, it should be given to ___________ we think has made the greatest contribution. 16.Mr. Braun asked the boy ___________ he would want if he could have anything in the world. 17.Sometimes, I really doubt ___________ there is love between my parents. 18.They told me ____________ they could finish the work before ten o'clock. 19.The old man asked the police ___________ there is a bank near this park. 20.We need to determine ____________ this belongs to. 21.---I wonder ____________ notebook it is. --- It might be Gina's. 22.---Do you know _____________ he was born? ---Yes, I do. He was born in Hebei Province. 23.I asked him _____________ the meeting would start. The secretary said that it would start at 4:30. 24.They decided to go there by bus. Please tell me ___________ you are going there. 25.Lisa wanted to know ____________ my English name was. 26.It's well-known _____________ Lu Xun was a great writer. 27.The teacher wants to know __________ phone is ringing. 28.I asked my neighbor ___________ he had helped before he moved to this city. 29.Could you tell me ____________ parents will come to the school meeting? 30.At that time I was not sure ____________ he would pick me up on time the next day. 【答案】1.that2.where 3.if/whether 4.whether; or 5.where 6.that 7.what 8.if/whether 9.which 10.how11.who 12.what 13.that 14.what 15.whoever 16.what 17.if 18.that 19.if 20.who/whom 21.whose 22.where 23.when 24.how 25.what 26.that 27.whose 28.who/whom 29.whose 30.if/whether 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.I wonder if Tom ____________ (be) an actor in the future. 2.I think that they ____________ (shop) at this time yesterday. 3.The teacher told us that light ______________ (travel) faster than sound. 4.He told me that he _____________ (leave) for Shanghai next week. 5.My brother said he ____________(do) some washing if ___________ (not rain) the next day. 6.Jim hopes that he ___________ (learn) how to ride a bike by himself as soon as possible. 7.These key words can help you understand what this sentence ___________ (mean). 8.Our teacher told us that the earth _____________ (go) around the sun yesterday. 9.I don't know if it __________ this Saturday afternoon. If it ___________, we will go for a picnic. (rain) 10.Please make sure the computer ____________ (connect) to the keyboard properly. 11.---What did your mother say about this? --- She ___________ (say)that she ____________ (try) her best to help me with my English next term. 12.Tom asked why I ___________ (be) late this morning. 13.They haven't been to Beijing. But I'm sure they ___________ (go) there one day. 14.I didn't know what time he ___________ (write) the letter. 15.Did you find out where she __________ (lose) her bike? 16.He asked what I ____________ (do) at that moment. 17.The teacher told the children that summer ______________ (come) after spring. 18.Mr. White says that he ____________ (come) back in about five days. 19.Tina complains (抱怨) that waiting for Sally always ____________ (drive) her crazy. 20.Our teacher once told us that the early bird ___________ (catch) the worm. 21.He told me that he ____________ (keep) these since 2000. 22.---Do you know what ___________ (cause) this terrible traffic accident? ---Maybe the driver drove the car with tiredness. 23.I hear that he _____________ (enjoy) playing football very much. 24.Do you know that potato chips _____________ (invent) by mistake? 25.Peter ____________ (promise) that he would go to school earlier the next time. 【答案】1.will be 2.were shopping 3.travels 4.would leave 5.would do; didn’t rain 6.will learn 7.means 8.goes 9.will rain; doesn’t rain 10. is connected11.said; would try 12.was 13.will go14.wrote 15.lost 16.was doing 17.comes 18.will come 19.drives 20.catches 21.had kept 22.caused 23.enjoys 24.were invented 25.promised 三．完成句子 1.他问我昨晚 8点是否在看电视。 He asked me ___________ ___________ ____________ ____________ TV at 8 last night. 2.她想知道昨天是谁拿走了她的伞， She wondered ____________ _____________ ___________ umbrella away yesterday. 3.老师想知道我们是否已经完成了家庭作业。 The teacher wanted to know ___________ we ____________ _____________ our homework. 4.你能告诉我下个月聚会什么时候举行吗? Could you tell me _____________ the party _____________ _____________held next month? 5.我刚才打电话给他时，不知道他在跟谁说话。 I didn't know ___________ he ____________ to when I called him just now. 6.我想知道他今天早上为什么上学迟到。 I want to know _____________ he __________ ___________ __________ school this morning. 7.Mike说他从来没去过澳大利亚。 Mike said ____________ he ____________ ____________ ___________ to Australia. 8.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 I’m interested in ___________ he ____________ English. 9.玛丽问我什么时候收到了她的来信。 Mary asked me ___________ ____________ ___________ ___________ her. 10.他说他会在晚饭之前完成作业。 He said ___________ he ___________ ___________ his work before supper. 【答案】1.whether I was watching 2.who took her 3.if/whether; had finished 4.when; will be 5.who/whom; was talking 6.why; was late for 7.that; had never been 8.whether; likes 9.when I heard from 10.that; would finish 四、语法选择 （24-25八年级下·广东湛江·期末）On March 17th, good news came from Huizhou Marathon (马拉松). In the Happy Running (欢乐跑) project, two 1 from Huizhou won the first and third prizes among 4,000 runners. The first prize winner, Yu Haorong, is 2 eighth-grade student. “I was so 3 when I heard that I won.” He showed great interest 4 running and began to run when he was in the seventh grade. For him, running is not only a way 5 healthy, but also a way to relax. He always goes running after school and he runs about 6 kilometers every time. Once, he tried to do his best and he ran 15 kilometers within one hour and four minutes, without drinking 6 water. “The more I run, the more I like running. Because I do better each time. Doing better makes me happy and makes me 7 more wonderful than any other thing in the world.” Han Mingye, the third winner, is Yu Haorong’s classmate. He didn’t get enough warm-up at the start of the running, 8 he hurt his leg. When people asked him how 9 keep running with a wounded leg, he said, “I didn’t want to feel regretful for 10 . I thought about my family and I wanted to finish the Happy Running with my classmate.” 1．A．students B．student C．student’s 2．A．an B．a C．the 3．A．excite B．excited C．exciting 4．A．to B．on C．in 5．A．to keeping B．keep C．to keep 6．A．any B．much C．some 7．A．felt B．feel C．to feel 8．A．because B．so C．and 9．A．could he B．he could C．he can 10．A．me B．I C．myself 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文介绍了惠州马拉松欢乐跑项目中两名获奖学生的故事。 1．句意：在欢乐跑项目中，来自惠州的两名学生在4000名选手中获得了第一和第三名。 students学生，名词复数；student学生，名词单数；student’s学生的，名词所有格。“two”后接复数名词，故选A。 2．句意：一等奖获得者余浩荣是一名八年级学生。 an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，特指。此处泛指一名八年级学生，“eighth-grade”是以元音音素开头的单词，用“an”，故选A。 3．句意：当我听说我赢了的时候，我非常兴奋。 excite使兴奋，动词；excited兴奋的，修饰人；exciting令人兴奋的，修饰物。根据“I was so...when I heard that I won”可知，此处修饰人，用“excited”，故选B。 4．句意：他对跑步表现出极大的兴趣，七年级时就开始跑步了。 to到；on在……上；in在……方面。“show interest in”表示“对……感兴趣”，故选C。 5．句意：对他来说，跑步不仅是保持健康的一种方式，也是放松的一种方式。 to keeping保持；keep保持，动词原形；to keep保持，动词不定式。“a way to do sth.”表示“做某事的一种方式”，故选C。 6．句意：有一次，他尽力在1小时4分钟内跑了15公里，没有喝任何水。 any任何，用于否定句或疑问句；much许多，修饰不可数名词；some一些，用于肯定句。根据“without drinking... water”可知，此句是否定句，用“any”，故选A。 7．句意：做得更好让我快乐，让我觉得比世界上任何其他事情都更美妙。 felt感觉，过去式/过去分词；feel感觉，动词原形；to feel感觉，动词不定式。“make sb. do sth.”表示“让某人做某事”，故选B。 8．句意：跑步开始时他没有充分热身，所以伤了腿。 because因为；so所以；and和。分析句子结构可知，前后句之间是因果关系，前因后果，用“so”，故选B。 9．句意：当人们问他带着伤腿怎么能坚持跑步时，他说：“我不想为自己感到遗憾。我想我的家人，我想和我的同学一起完成快乐的跑步。” could he，疑问句语序，一般过去时；he could，陈述句语序，一般过去时；he can，陈述句语序，一般现在时。根据“how...keep running with a wounded leg”可知，宾语从句用陈述句语序，且时态为一般过去时，故选B。 10．句意：当人们问他带着伤腿怎么能坚持跑步时，他说：“我不想为自己感到遗憾。我想我的家人，我想和我的同学一起完成快乐的跑步。” me我，宾格；I我，主格；myself我自己，反身代词。根据“I didn’t want to feel regretful for...”可知，是为自己感到后悔，应用反身代词，故选C。 五、语法填空 （24-25八年级下·浙江绍兴·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Have you ever watched the famous Disney movie Tangled (《魔发奇缘》), which tells the story of Princess Rapunzel with long hair? Elsie Kennedy, 14, from Australia, loved Rapunzel very much, 1 she decided to grow her hair, she grew it down to her waist and it is 2 (long) hair in her town. She was proud of her hair and spent an hour 3 (wash) it every day. However, her reason for keeping her long hair changed over time. She decided to give it away to make a wig(假发) for 4 child with cancer(癌症). “I’ve never had a real haircut —my 5 (one) trim (修剪) was at 7, and since then, just a small trim,” Kennedy told Kids News. “Every time I look at 6 (I) in the mirror, I’m very happy. I have a new look and my hair will go to a good cause.” What’s more, Kennedy tried to raise money 7 other kids with cancer. To do that, she asked her school for help 8 (get) the money and let more students know about kids with cancer. That was the reason 9 she had her hair cut at her school. Aiming to raise $14000 (about 102000 yuan) , she 10 (reach) $11000 so far, “To know that my fundraising will help kids and families going through a really hard time is amazing,” Kennedy told Kids News. 【答案】1．so 2．the longest 3．washing 4．a 5．first 6．myself 7．for 8．to get 9．why 10．has reached 【导语】本文讲述了14岁的澳大利亚女孩Elsie Kennedy受迪士尼电影《魔发奇缘》启发留长发，最终将长发捐赠给癌症患儿制作假发，并通过剪发活动为癌症儿童筹款的感人故事。 1．句意：Elsie Kennedy非常喜欢长发公主，因此她决定留长发。根据“...loved Rapunzel very much, ... she decided to grow her hair,”可知，前文 “喜欢长发公主” 与后文 “决定留长发” 是因果关系，用so连接。故填so。 2．句意：她把头发留到腰部，这是她镇上最长的头发。根据“in her town”可知，此处表示“镇上最长的头发”，此处需用最高级，long的最高级longest，最高级前the。故填the longest。 3．句意：她为自己的头发感到自豪，每天花一个小时洗头。根据“She was proud of her hair and spent an hour ...  it every day”可知，考查固定短语spend time doing sth.表示“每天花一个小时洗头发”，此处用spend的动名词。故填washing。 4．句意：她决定捐出头发，为一名患癌的孩子制作假发。根据“for ... child with cancer”可知，泛指“一个患癌的孩子”，故填a。 5．句意：我从未真正剪过头发——第一次修剪是在7岁时。根据“my ...trim was at 7”可知，此处表示“第一次修剪”，需用序数词，one的序数词first。故填first。 6．句意：每次照镜子时，我都非常开心。根据“Every time I look at ... in the mirror”可知，此处表示“看着镜子里的自己”，需用反身代词，I的反身代词myself。故填myself。 7．句意：Kennedy试图为其他患癌的孩子筹款。固定短语raise money for...“为……筹钱” 。故填for。 8．句意：她向学校寻求帮助以筹集资金。根据“she asked her school for help ...the money”，用不定式作目的状语，“请求学校帮助是为了筹钱”。故填to get。 9．句意：这就是她在学校剪头发的原因。根据“That was the reason ... she had her hair cut at her school”可知，reason后接定语从句，先行词是reason，定语从句中缺少原因状语，用关系副词why。故填why。 10．句意：目标是筹集14000美元（大约102000元），目前她已经筹到了11000美元。根据so far可知，此处需用现在完成时have/has done；主语是she，用has；reach的过去分词reached；表示“已经筹到11000美元”。故填has reached。 六、任务型阅读 （24-25八年级下·四川成都·期末）完成图表。根据短文内容，完成图表中所缺信息。 A glacier is a large body of ice that slowly moves down a mountain or over a wide area of land. March 21 has been set as World Day for Glaciers in 2025. It has started to encourage everyone to help protect them. But do you know why? As we all know, over 70 percent of the world’s fresh water is stored in glaciers. They are like lifeblood for many people and animals. In areas like the Himalayas, many people and animals depend on glacier water to live. There are some glaciers on the mountains, too. They are home to a large number of animals. But now glaciers around the world are melting very quickly. Glaciers are in big trouble and climate (气候) change leads to rising temperature and the warming earth. Many glaciers have already disappeared, and others are melting rapidly. Scientists say two-thirds of them may disappear by 2100. These glaciers are more than just ice. They provide us with drinking water and help with farming. Losing glaciers means less water for many people and higher risks of floods (洪水). It would also be bad for animals and plants. Some animals may need to move higher up the mountains, but this could put them in danger of losing their homes. What can we do about melting glaciers? To make more ice is simpler than the others, according to some scientists. Yes, that’s their answer to one of the biggest problems of the century! So Chinese scientists use machines to make snow in Qilian Mountains. The white snow reflects the sun’s heat, helping glaciers stay cool. What’s more, Chinese scientists have done other things to stop glaciers from melting too fast. Glacier No. 1 in Xinjiang is covered with special glacier blankets (毯子) which show the development of high technology. Drones (无人机) are like flying eyes. Scientists send them up to take pictures and videos of glaciers, so they can closely watch every small change. They are all working! Disappearing Glaciers Time March 21, 2025 is 1 time to create World Day for glaciers. Importance Glaciers hold more than 70 percent of earth’s fresh water.  2 with glaciers are home to a large number of animals. Problems There will be less water for people to 3 . Some animals may need to move higher. 4 Making ice is 5 of all and snow is created in Qilian. Special blankets of high technology are put on Glacier No. 1. Drones are now used to watch glaciers closely. 【答案】1．the first 2．Mountains 3．drink 4．Solutions 5．the simplest way 【导语】本文分析了冰川的重要性、融化危机及保护措施，呼吁关注冰川保护。 1．根据“March 21 has been set as World Day for Glaciers in 2025.”并结合实际可知，2025年3月21日是第一次设立世界冰川日。故填the first。 2．根据“There are some glaciers on the mountains, too. They are home to a large number of animals.”可知，有冰川的山脉是大量动物的家园，注意首字母要大写。故填Mountains。 3．根据“These glaciers are more than just ice. They provide us with drinking water and help with farming. Losing glaciers means less water for many people and higher risks of floods (洪水).”可知，冰川为我们提供饮用水和帮助耕作，失去冰川意味着更少的水和更高的洪水风险，即供人们饮用的水将会减少。故填drink。 4．根据最后一段内容可知，制冰、在一号冰川上铺上了特殊的高科技毯子、用无人机近距离观察冰川都是冰川融化问题的解决方法，solution“解决办法”，此处用复数形式，句首首字母要大写。故填Solutions。 5．根据“To make more ice is simpler than the others, according to some scientists.”可知，制造更多的冰比其他方法更简单，即制冰是最简单的方法。故填the simplest way。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $