暑假作业04 被动语态（过去完成时被动、过去进行时被动）（巩固培优）高二英语外研版

**基本信息** 聚焦过去完成时与过去进行时被动语态，构建"概念-构成-用法-区别"四维方法体系，通过分层训练提升语法应用与语境分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |过去完成时被动|单句填空10题、短文填空1篇|结构公式（had been done）+用法场景分类（宾语从句/时间状语/虚拟语气等）|从动作完成时序定义出发，推导被动结构，结合语境场景（如by the time）强化应用逻辑| |过去进行时被动|单句填空10题、短文填空1篇|结构公式（was/were being done）+过程性特征分析|基于过去特定时刻动作持续性定义，对比一般过去时被动（过程vs结果）构建辨析逻辑|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业04 被动语态（过去完成时被动、过去进行时被动） 过去完成时的被动语态 一、概念 过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成，且主语与谓语动词之间存在被动关系。 二、构成 1．肯定句结构：主语＋had been＋过去分词＋其他成分 2．否定句结构：主语＋had not been＋过去分词＋其他成分 3. 三、用法 1．在told，said，knew，heard，thought，found等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被完成时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 He heard that the tickets had already been sold out.他听说票已售完。 The newspaper reported more than 1，000 people had been killed in the hurricane.据报纸报道，有1 000多人在飓风中丧生。 2．before，when，by the time，until，after，once等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时，以及by，before后面接过去的时间时，主句动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 By the time she was 13，my sister had been sent to America.我姐姐13岁前就已经被送到美国了。 Two hundred cars had been produced by the end of last year.到去年年底，已经生产了200辆汽车。 3．It was the first/second...time that...句中that引导的定语从句中，主语与谓语构成动宾关系时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 It was the third time that he had been beaten black and blue.那是他第三次被打得青一块紫一块的。 4．在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去事实相反，且主语与谓语构成动宾关系时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 If I had been invited earlier，I would have gone there.如果早点儿邀请我的话，我就去那儿了。 过去进行时的被动语态 1．概念 表示在过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动动作。 Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他们在种树。 2．构成 (1)肯定结构：主语＋was/were＋being＋done (2)否定结构：主语＋was/were＋not＋being＋done (3)疑问句结构： Computer was being majored by him during his college.他那时正在大学学计算机专业。 Another bridge was being built over the Yangtze River then.那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。 The movie star was being stalked by a fan.那个电影明星正在被一个粉丝跟踪。 Was a new library being put up in their school just then?他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗？ What measures were being taken when the accident happened?事故发生时正在采取什么措施？ 3．用法 (1)表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的被动动作。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：last night，last Saturday，yesterday等；或者与when，while，as引导的过去时间状语连用。 This film was being shown at this time last night.昨晚这个时候这部电影正在放映。 He told me that a new station was being built last Saturday.他说上周六正在修建一个新车站。 (2)过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的被动动作。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。 The man was being operated on at eight o'clock last night.昨晚八点那个人正在动手术。 (3)与always，constantly等表示频率的副词连用，表示被动的动作和某种感情色彩。 He was fired because mistakes were always being made.他因为老在工作中犯错误而被解雇。 She was always being praised for helping the elderly.她总是因帮助老人而受到表扬。 (4)表示为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动，这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下，通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。 He said that the wedding ceremony was being held next December.他说婚礼将于明年12月举行。 4．过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别 (1)都强调过去发生的事，但是过去进行时强调过程，不一定完成；一般过去时强调结果，已经完成。 A letter was written to her friend when I entered the room last night.昨晚我进入房间时，她给朋友写了封信。(信写完了) A letter was being written to her friend when I entered the room last night.昨晚我进入房间时，她正在给朋友写信。(信未写完) (2)一般过去时表示只做一次动作，而过去进行时却表示动作反复进行。(短暂性动词) She waved to me.她朝我挥了挥手。 It was quite clear the President was being given false information by those around him.很明显，总统身边的人在不断向他传递错误信息。 一.单句语法填空 1． In the 1950s in the USA，most families had just one phone at home，and no wireless phones (invent) yet. 2．At the end of the meeting，it was announced that an agreement (reach)． 3．By the end of last year，another new gymnasium (complete) in Beijing. 4．Experiments of this kind (conduct) in both the U．S.and Europe long before the Second World War. 5．John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it (damage) seriously. 6．If it (repair) earlier，the printing machine would not have broken down. 7．The little boy said happily that he (win)first place in the math competition the week before. 8．Jenny asked me how the accident (happen) that morning. 9．It never rains but it pours！First I lost the keys to my office and then I found that the car (steal)． 10．By the time he was twelve years old，a chemistry lab of his own (set) up by himself. 二.单句语法填空 1．Tom always had the feeling that they (watch) by someone. 2．I would have attended your birthday party last night but for the fact that my car (fix)． 3．He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he (followed)． 4．The basketball match (watch) yesterday so I stayed up late. 5．He must have sensed that he (look) at but he glanced around and found nobody. 6．After school we went to the reading room to do some reading，only to be told that it (decorate)． 7．The reading materials (download) from some websites when the computer crashed. 8．A text message (answer) so he didn't catch what I said. 9．The tennis match between Li Hua and Justine Henin was so fierce that the breath (hold) at the end. 10．My pet dog got seriously injured and it (attend) all the day. 三.短文语法填空 Last year，my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.When I was young，I 1. (tell) that it was a wonderful holiday destination.Before we went，the journey 2. (plan) for months.When the day came，we were ready. After our plane landed，we went to the hotel.Our reservation 3. (make) six months earlier，but the man at the front desk said a mistake 4. (make)．We were told that our rooms 5. (not reserve) for that week，but for the week after.I didn't understand why this would happen and my credit card 6. (charge) for the reservation.What's worse，the hotel 7. (book) fully.We didn't know how to deal with it，because it was the first that we 8. (face) with such an accident.Fortunately，the manager came out and was surprisingly helpful.If a spare VIP room on the top floor 9. (not give) to us，we would have never stayed in such an amazing room. Before we checked out，we 10. (inform) that extra fee wouldn't be charged. 四.短文语法填空 To find out whether such a“sixth sense” really exists，two experiments 1. (perform) by Professor Baker at this time last year.In the first one，the backs of volunteers' heads 2. (watch) for 15 minutes in public places by Baker who sat behind them.They were eating，drinking，reading，studying，watching TV or working.And 3. was certain that they could not tell that he was sitting behind them during those periods.Later，when they 4. (question)，they said they had no sense that they 5. (stare) at. In the second experiment，Baker told them that they would be stared at 6. time to time from behind in a laboratory setting.They had to write it down when they felt they 7. (look) at.Baker found that they were not 8. (good) at telling when they were stared at and when they weren't.Baker came to a conclusion that people do not have the ability 9. (sense) when they're being stared at.“If people doubt the results of these two experiments，I suggest they 10. (repeat) the experiments and see it themselves，” said Baker. 一．语法填空 A （24-25高二下·浙江绍兴·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 I eagerly awaited my reservation last year in Spain. At my table, I lost myself in a wine list thick as a phone book, each page 1 (charge) with forgotten Riojas, until the original kokotxas arrived. I was 2 a two-week family vacation on the island. What I didn’t expect was that my most memorable meal on the trip would come at Chila, a Hunanese restaurant in Madrid, 3 I could order chef’s specials through WeChat. As I enjoyed selected pork and local black beans, 4 (watch) Chinese families chat at nearby tables, I realized something fundamental 5 (change) in how we experience food through travel. We can now observe 6 (variety) of food cultures develop in real time, shaped by migration and internet connectivity. The old model of chasing cultural stamps by traveling to specific destinations for “authentic” local cuisine 7 (fade) fast. What we’re witnessing isn’t just the decline of traditional food tourism, 8 it’s the birth of something far more fascinating. Take Chila in Madrid. The storefront could have been copied straight from Hunan’s spice-loving heartland. Diners there can wash down their meals with sangria or baijiu from Guizhou, 9 perfect blend of Spanish and Chinese drinking traditions. The world’s next great cuisine is being created 10 (global), in the spaces where cultures, traditions and technologies are mixed. That’s where the real food adventure begins. B （24-25高二下·浙江金华·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Brazil’s multicultural heritage is enriched by historical connections with China. In the early 19th century, a group of Chinese tea farmers brought tea seeds to Brazil, 1 (aim) to grow tea and introduce cultivation (种植) techniques. The planting site at the time 2 (locate) within what is now the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, where their efforts became a symbol of China-Brazil friendship, rooted deeply in Brazilian soil. Today, Rio de Janeiro honors these early Chinese immigrants through lasting 3 (memorial). The Vista Chinesa in Tijuca National Park, 4 is a Chinese-style pagoda-like structure, offers breathtaking views of the city and stands 5 a permanent monument to those first tea farmers. Besides, a plaque (匾) was unveiled (揭幕) in Rio’ s Botanical Garden on August 15, 2018. It reads: “In 1812, the first Chinese immigrants to Brazil planted tea trees here, marking 6 beginning of a lasting China-Brazil friendship.” Rio de Janeiro’s official 7 (recognize) of this friendship continues through annual observances. In 2018, the Rio de Janeiro State made Aug 8 China-Rio de Janeiro Friendship Day. In 2022, the city of Rio established Sept 28, widely 8 (observe) as Confucius’ birthday, as Mandarin Day, honoring the growing 9 (culture) exchange between both countries. In Rio de Janeiro State, the Spring Festival, 10 the Chinese New Year, is recognized as official holiday. 一．任务型阅读 （24-25高二下·天津·期末）阅读下面短文，请根据短文后的要求答题。 Soldier Cui Xinze’s mission is to guard the pipeline that transports refined oil from Golmud in Qinghai to Lhasa in Tibet Autonomous Region, a vital artery (干线) that is called a “lifeline” for Tibet. His day begins with a three-hour patrol to check for leaks (泄露) along the pipeline, which crosses rivers and ravines (沟壑) in the mountainous region. If something appears abnormal, he and his team have to walk 30 kilometers to patrol the area for which they’re responsible. The oxygen concentration on the plateau is just half of that on the plains. “Although we lack oxygen, we never lack the faith and passion to guard the pipeline as soldiers,” says the 39-year-old, who began his mission at the age of 19. The job is more than just simply conducting a daily patrol. Sometimes when a spillage (泄露) occurs, it can mean extreme danger, and it requires the guards to plug (堵) the leak and expose themselves to possible fires. Apart from a lack of oxygen, they have to struggle with the bitter cold. The temperature can fall as low as -40 ℃ in winter and they have to patrol regularly, despite the strong wind and snow. Although it’s summer, the station where Cui is based has its heating system on. “Compared with the physical pain we have to endure, the loneliness is more painful,” says Zhao Weiqiang, a soldier who has worked with Cui for 10 years. Day after day, they walk the same route, do the same exercise and even have the same meals, since food is not easy to transport to their station. Now they’re trying to cultivate vegetables and raise animals at their station to help alleviate the tedium (单调乏味). Despite the drawbacks, they still carry their sense of duty. “To guard the pipeline is our mission and I’m proud to do it,” says Zhao. 1．What’s the danger pipeline soldiers may face when a spillage occurs? (no more than 5 words) 2．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 5? (no more than 8 words) 3．Why do pipeline soldiers feel lonely? (no more than 6 words) 4．What does the underlined word “alleviate” in the last paragraph probably mean? (1 word) 5．What do you think of these pipeline soldiers? Please explain. (no more than 20 words） 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业04 被动语态（过去完成时被动、过去进行时被动） 过去完成时的被动语态 一、概念 过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成，且主语与谓语动词之间存在被动关系。 二、构成 1．肯定句结构：主语＋had been＋过去分词＋其他成分 2．否定句结构：主语＋had not been＋过去分词＋其他成分 3. 三、用法 1．在told，said，knew，heard，thought，found等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被完成时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 He heard that the tickets had already been sold out.他听说票已售完。 The newspaper reported more than 1，000 people had been killed in the hurricane.据报纸报道，有1 000多人在飓风中丧生。 2．before，when，by the time，until，after，once等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时，以及by，before后面接过去的时间时，主句动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 By the time she was 13，my sister had been sent to America.我姐姐13岁前就已经被送到美国了。 Two hundred cars had been produced by the end of last year.到去年年底，已经生产了200辆汽车。 3．It was the first/second...time that...句中that引导的定语从句中，主语与谓语构成动宾关系时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 It was the third time that he had been beaten black and blue.那是他第三次被打得青一块紫一块的。 4．在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去事实相反，且主语与谓语构成动宾关系时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 If I had been invited earlier，I would have gone there.如果早点儿邀请我的话，我就去那儿了。 过去进行时的被动语态 1．概念 表示在过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动动作。 Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他们在种树。 2．构成 (1)肯定结构：主语＋was/were＋being＋done (2)否定结构：主语＋was/were＋not＋being＋done (3)疑问句结构： Computer was being majored by him during his college.他那时正在大学学计算机专业。 Another bridge was being built over the Yangtze River then.那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。 The movie star was being stalked by a fan.那个电影明星正在被一个粉丝跟踪。 Was a new library being put up in their school just then?他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗？ What measures were being taken when the accident happened?事故发生时正在采取什么措施？ 3．用法 (1)表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的被动动作。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：last night，last Saturday，yesterday等；或者与when，while，as引导的过去时间状语连用。 This film was being shown at this time last night.昨晚这个时候这部电影正在放映。 He told me that a new station was being built last Saturday.他说上周六正在修建一个新车站。 (2)过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的被动动作。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。 The man was being operated on at eight o'clock last night.昨晚八点那个人正在动手术。 (3)与always，constantly等表示频率的副词连用，表示被动的动作和某种感情色彩。 He was fired because mistakes were always being made.他因为老在工作中犯错误而被解雇。 She was always being praised for helping the elderly.她总是因帮助老人而受到表扬。 (4)表示为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动，这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下，通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。 He said that the wedding ceremony was being held next December.他说婚礼将于明年12月举行。 4．过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别 (1)都强调过去发生的事，但是过去进行时强调过程，不一定完成；一般过去时强调结果，已经完成。 A letter was written to her friend when I entered the room last night.昨晚我进入房间时，她给朋友写了封信。(信写完了) A letter was being written to her friend when I entered the room last night.昨晚我进入房间时，她正在给朋友写信。(信未写完) (2)一般过去时表示只做一次动作，而过去进行时却表示动作反复进行。(短暂性动词) She waved to me.她朝我挥了挥手。 It was quite clear the President was being given false information by those around him.很明显，总统身边的人在不断向他传递错误信息。 一.单句语法填空 1． In the 1950s in the USA，most families had just one phone at home，and no wireless phones (invent) yet. 2．At the end of the meeting，it was announced that an agreement (reach)． 3．By the end of last year，another new gymnasium (complete) in Beijing. 4．Experiments of this kind (conduct) in both the U．S.and Europe long before the Second World War. 5．John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it (damage) seriously. 6．If it (repair) earlier，the printing machine would not have broken down. 7．The little boy said happily that he (win)first place in the math competition the week before. 8．Jenny asked me how the accident (happen) that morning. 9．It never rains but it pours！First I lost the keys to my office and then I found that the car (steal)． 10．By the time he was twelve years old，a chemistry lab of his own (set) up by himself. 【答案】1. had been invented2.had been reached3.had been completed4.had been conducted5.had been damaged6.had been repaired7.had won8.had happened9.had been stolen10.had been set 二.单句语法填空 1．Tom always had the feeling that they (watch) by someone. 2．I would have attended your birthday party last night but for the fact that my car (fix)． 3．He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he (followed)． 4．The basketball match (watch) yesterday so I stayed up late. 5．He must have sensed that he (look) at but he glanced around and found nobody. 6．After school we went to the reading room to do some reading，only to be told that it (decorate)． 7．The reading materials (download) from some websites when the computer crashed. 8．A text message (answer) so he didn't catch what I said. 9．The tennis match between Li Hua and Justine Henin was so fierce that the breath (hold) at the end. 10．My pet dog got seriously injured and it (attend) all the day. 【答案】1.were being watched2.was being fixed3.was being followed4.was being watched5.was being looked6.was being decorated7.was being downloaded8.was being answered9.was being held10.was being attended 三.短文语法填空 Last year，my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.When I was young，I 1. (tell) that it was a wonderful holiday destination.Before we went，the journey 2. (plan) for months.When the day came，we were ready. After our plane landed，we went to the hotel.Our reservation 3. (make) six months earlier，but the man at the front desk said a mistake 4. (make)．We were told that our rooms 5. (not reserve) for that week，but for the week after.I didn't understand why this would happen and my credit card 6. (charge) for the reservation.What's worse，the hotel 7. (book) fully.We didn't know how to deal with it，because it was the first that we 8. (face) with such an accident.Fortunately，the manager came out and was surprisingly helpful.If a spare VIP room on the top floor 9. (not give) to us，we would have never stayed in such an amazing room. Before we checked out，we 10. (inform) that extra fee wouldn't be charged. 【答案】1.had been told2.had been planned3.had been made4.had been made5.hadn't been reserved6.had been charged7.had been booked8.had been faced9.had not been given10.had been informed 四.短文语法填空 To find out whether such a“sixth sense” really exists，two experiments 1. (perform) by Professor Baker at this time last year.In the first one，the backs of volunteers' heads 2. (watch) for 15 minutes in public places by Baker who sat behind them.They were eating，drinking，reading，studying，watching TV or working.And 3. was certain that they could not tell that he was sitting behind them during those periods.Later，when they 4. (question)，they said they had no sense that they 5. (stare) at. In the second experiment，Baker told them that they would be stared at 6. time to time from behind in a laboratory setting.They had to write it down when they felt they 7. (look) at.Baker found that they were not 8. (good) at telling when they were stared at and when they weren't.Baker came to a conclusion that people do not have the ability 9. (sense) when they're being stared at.“If people doubt the results of these two experiments，I suggest they 10. (repeat) the experiments and see it themselves，” said Baker. 【答案】1.were being performed2.were being watched3.it 4.were being questioned5.were being stared6.from 7.were being looked8.better9.to sense10.(should) repeat 一．语法填空 A （24-25高二下·浙江绍兴·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 I eagerly awaited my reservation last year in Spain. At my table, I lost myself in a wine list thick as a phone book, each page 1 (charge) with forgotten Riojas, until the original kokotxas arrived. I was 2 a two-week family vacation on the island. What I didn’t expect was that my most memorable meal on the trip would come at Chila, a Hunanese restaurant in Madrid, 3 I could order chef’s specials through WeChat. As I enjoyed selected pork and local black beans, 4 (watch) Chinese families chat at nearby tables, I realized something fundamental 5 (change) in how we experience food through travel. We can now observe 6 (variety) of food cultures develop in real time, shaped by migration and internet connectivity. The old model of chasing cultural stamps by traveling to specific destinations for “authentic” local cuisine 7 (fade) fast. What we’re witnessing isn’t just the decline of traditional food tourism, 8 it’s the birth of something far more fascinating. Take Chila in Madrid. The storefront could have been copied straight from Hunan’s spice-loving heartland. Diners there can wash down their meals with sangria or baijiu from Guizhou, 9 perfect blend of Spanish and Chinese drinking traditions. The world’s next great cuisine is being created 10 (global), in the spaces where cultures, traditions and technologies are mixed. That’s where the real food adventure begins. 【答案】1．charged 2．on 3．where 4．watching 5．had changed 6．varieties 7．is fading 8．but 9．a 10．globally 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要说明了作者去年在西班牙度假时，在马德里中餐馆Chila的用餐经历，让其意识到全球美食文化正融合，传统美食旅游模式在消退。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：在我所在的那张桌子旁，我完全沉浸在一叠厚得像电话簿一样的酒单之中，每一页上都写着各种久已被人遗忘的里奥哈葡萄酒，直到最初的科科塔斯酒品才被端上来。此处为独立主格结构，且charge与page构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词，故填charged。 2．考查介词。句意：我在这座岛上度过了为期两周的家庭度假时光。短语on vacation表示“度假”。故填on。 3．考查定语从句。句意：我未曾料到的是，在这次旅行中，给我留下最深刻印象的一顿饭是在马德里的“奇拉”餐厅里吃的，那家餐厅是湘菜馆，我可以通过微信点餐厨师的特色菜。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词restaurant，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：当我品尝着精选的猪肉和当地的黑豆，看着周围餐桌上的中国家庭闲聊时，我意识到通过旅行来体验美食的方式，已经发生了根本性的变化。为非谓语，I与动词watch构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填watching。 5．考查时态。句意：当我品尝着精选的猪肉和当地的黑豆，看着周围餐桌上的中国家庭闲聊时，我意识到通过旅行来体验美食的方式，已经发生了根本性的变化。根据上文realized可知从句表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had changed。 6．考查名词的数。句意：如今，我们能够实时观察到各种饮食文化的形成过程，这种文化是由人口迁移和互联网连接所塑造的。短语varieties of表示“各种各样的”。故填varieties。 7．考查时态。句意：那种通过前往特定地点品尝“地道”当地美食来追寻文化印记的旧模式正在迅速消失。表示正在进行用现在进行时，主语为The old model，谓语用单数。故填is fading。 8．考查固定句型。句意：我们所目睹的，并非仅仅是传统美食旅游的衰落，而是一种更为奇妙的事物的诞生。短语not just…but…表示“不仅……而且……”。故填but。 9．考查冠词。句意：在那里用餐的客人可以将食物与桑格利亚汽酒或来自贵州的白酒一同享用，这是一种将西班牙和中国饮酒传统完美融合的饮品。此处blend为可数名词，句中表泛指，且perfect是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 10．考查副词。句意：世界上的下一种顶级美食正在全球范围内形成，它诞生于各种文化、传统和技术相互交融的场所。修饰动词create用副词globally。故填globally。 B （24-25高二下·浙江金华·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Brazil’s multicultural heritage is enriched by historical connections with China. In the early 19th century, a group of Chinese tea farmers brought tea seeds to Brazil, 1 (aim) to grow tea and introduce cultivation (种植) techniques. The planting site at the time 2 (locate) within what is now the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, where their efforts became a symbol of China-Brazil friendship, rooted deeply in Brazilian soil. Today, Rio de Janeiro honors these early Chinese immigrants through lasting 3 (memorial). The Vista Chinesa in Tijuca National Park, 4 is a Chinese-style pagoda-like structure, offers breathtaking views of the city and stands 5 a permanent monument to those first tea farmers. Besides, a plaque (匾) was unveiled (揭幕) in Rio’ s Botanical Garden on August 15, 2018. It reads: “In 1812, the first Chinese immigrants to Brazil planted tea trees here, marking 6 beginning of a lasting China-Brazil friendship.” Rio de Janeiro’s official 7 (recognize) of this friendship continues through annual observances. In 2018, the Rio de Janeiro State made Aug 8 China-Rio de Janeiro Friendship Day. In 2022, the city of Rio established Sept 28, widely 8 (observe) as Confucius’ birthday, as Mandarin Day, honoring the growing 9 (culture) exchange between both countries. In Rio de Janeiro State, the Spring Festival, 10 the Chinese New Year, is recognized as official holiday. 【答案】1．aiming 2．was located 3．memorials 4．which 5．as 6．the 7．recognition 8．observed 9．cultural 10．or 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国与巴西的文化交流历史，以及里约热内卢对这段历史的纪念和庆祝活动。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：19世纪初，一群中国茶农将茶籽带到巴西，旨在种植茶叶并引入种植技术。句中已有谓语动词brought，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，aim与逻辑主语a group of Chinese tea farmers之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填aiming。 2．考查时态和语态。句意：当时的种植地点位于现在的里约热内卢植物园内，他们的努力成为中国与巴西友谊的象征，深深扎根于巴西的土地。空处需填谓语动词，根据“at the time”可知，句子描述的是过去的情况，应用一般过去时，locate与主语The planting site之间为被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用was。故填was located。 3．考查名词。句意：如今，里约热内卢通过持久的纪念物来纪念这些早期的中国移民。空处需填名词作宾语，memorial意为“纪念物”，为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，所以用复数形式表示不止一处纪念物。故填memorials。 4．考查定语从句。句意：蒂茹卡国家公园内的“中国观景台”是一座中国风格的宝塔式建筑，可以俯瞰整个城市，是向第一批茶农致敬的永久纪念碑。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The Vista Chinesa in Tijuca National Park，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 5．考查介词。句意同上。空处需填介词，与stand构成固定搭配stand as，意为“作为……而存在”，符合句意。故填as。 6．考查冠词。句意：它写道：“1812年，第一批中国移民来到巴西，在这里种植茶树，标志着中巴友谊的开始。”the beginning of...为固定搭配，意为“……的开始”，此处表特指，应用定冠词the。故填the。 7．考查名词。句意：里约热内卢官方对这种友谊的认可通过每年的纪念活动得以延续。空处需填名词作主语，recognize的名词为recognition，意为“认可”，为不可数名词。故填recognition。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：2022年，里约热内卢市将广为人知的孔子诞辰日9月28日定为普通话日，以纪念两国之间日益密切的文化交流。句中已有谓语动词established，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，observe与逻辑主语Sept 28之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。故填observed。 9．考查形容词。句意同上。空处修饰名词exchange，需填形容词作定语，culture的形容词为cultural，意为“文化的”。故填cultural。 10．考查连词。句意：在里约热内卢州，春节，即中国新年，被定为官方假日。the Spring Festival和the Chinese New Year指的是同一事物，所以用连词or连接，表示“即，也就是”。故填or。 一．任务型阅读 （24-25高二下·天津·期末）阅读下面短文，请根据短文后的要求答题。 Soldier Cui Xinze’s mission is to guard the pipeline that transports refined oil from Golmud in Qinghai to Lhasa in Tibet Autonomous Region, a vital artery (干线) that is called a “lifeline” for Tibet. His day begins with a three-hour patrol to check for leaks (泄露) along the pipeline, which crosses rivers and ravines (沟壑) in the mountainous region. If something appears abnormal, he and his team have to walk 30 kilometers to patrol the area for which they’re responsible. The oxygen concentration on the plateau is just half of that on the plains. “Although we lack oxygen, we never lack the faith and passion to guard the pipeline as soldiers,” says the 39-year-old, who began his mission at the age of 19. The job is more than just simply conducting a daily patrol. Sometimes when a spillage (泄露) occurs, it can mean extreme danger, and it requires the guards to plug (堵) the leak and expose themselves to possible fires. Apart from a lack of oxygen, they have to struggle with the bitter cold. The temperature can fall as low as -40 ℃ in winter and they have to patrol regularly, despite the strong wind and snow. Although it’s summer, the station where Cui is based has its heating system on. “Compared with the physical pain we have to endure, the loneliness is more painful,” says Zhao Weiqiang, a soldier who has worked with Cui for 10 years. Day after day, they walk the same route, do the same exercise and even have the same meals, since food is not easy to transport to their station. Now they’re trying to cultivate vegetables and raise animals at their station to help alleviate the tedium (单调乏味). Despite the drawbacks, they still carry their sense of duty. “To guard the pipeline is our mission and I’m proud to do it,” says Zhao. 1．What’s the danger pipeline soldiers may face when a spillage occurs? (no more than 5 words) 2．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 5? (no more than 8 words) 3．Why do pipeline soldiers feel lonely? (no more than 6 words) 4．What does the underlined word “alleviate” in the last paragraph probably mean? (1 word) 5．What do you think of these pipeline soldiers? Please explain. (no more than 20 words） 【答案】1．They may get burnt. Or: They may face possible fires. Or: They may lose their lives. 2．Cui works in an extremely cold environment. Or: Cui’s working environment is extremely cold. 3．Because they live a boring life. Or: Because their life is boring. 4．Ease /Relieve/Reduce. 5．They are responsible. They overcome difficulties and risk their lives to protect the pipeline, which shows their sense of duty. Or: They are devoted. Despite hard working conditions, they never lack the faith and passion to guard the pipeline . 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了崔新泽等士兵守卫青藏成品油管道，每日巡逻、应对泄漏，忍受缺氧、严寒与孤独，仍坚守使命，但是他们仍然为这份工作自豪。 1．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Sometimes when a spillage (泄露) occurs, it can mean extreme danger, and it requires the guards to plug (堵) the leak and expose themselves to possible fires.(有时一旦发生泄漏，就可能意味着极其严重的危险，这时就需要守卫人员去堵住泄漏点，并冒着可能引发火灾的风险进行作业)”可知，一旦发生泄漏，管道士兵可能会被烧伤。或者：他们可能会面临可能发生的火灾。或者：他们可能会失去生命。故答案为They may get burnt. Or: They may face possible fires. Or: They may lose their lives. 2．考查主旨大意。根据第五段“Apart from a lack of oxygen, they have to struggle with the bitter cold. The temperature can fall as low as -40 ℃ in winter and they have to patrol regularly, despite the strong wind and snow. Although it’s summer, the station where Cui is based has its heating system on.(除了缺氧的问题之外，他们还得应对严寒的天气。冬季时气温会低至零下40摄氏度，而他们仍需定期巡逻，尽管风雪很大。尽管现在是夏天，但崔所在的站点却启用了供暖系统)”可知，第五段的主要观点是崔工作在一个极其寒冷的环境中。或者：崔的工作环境极其寒冷。故答案为Cui works in an extremely cold environment. Or: Cui’s working environment is extremely cold. 3．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Day after day, they walk the same route, do the same exercise and even have the same meals, since food is not easy to transport to their station.(日复一日，他们沿着相同的路线行走，做着同样的训练，甚至吃着同样的饭菜，因为食物很难运送到他们的站点)”可知，管道工人会感到孤独是因为他们过着枯燥的生活。或者：因为他们的生活很枯燥。故答案为Because they live a boring life. Or: Because their life is boring. 4．考查词句猜测。根据最后一段“Compared with the physical pain we have to endure, the loneliness is more painful(与我们必须忍受的肉体上的痛苦相比，孤独所带来的痛苦要更为深重)”以及划线词上文“Now they’re trying to cultivate vegetables and raise animals at their station to help(现在他们正试图在站点里种植蔬菜和饲养动物)”可知，种植蔬菜和饲养动物是为了减轻/缓解/减少孤独感。故划线词意思是“减轻/缓解/减少”。故答案为Ease /Relieve/Reduce. 5．考查开放题。根据“你觉得这些管道工人怎么样？请详细说说。”可回答：他们有责任感。他们克服困难，冒着生命危险保护管道，这体现了他们的责任感。或者：他们很忠诚。尽管工作条件艰苦，但他们从不缺乏守护管道的信念和热情。故答案为They are responsible. They overcome difficulties and risk their lives to protect the pipeline, which shows their sense of duty. Or: They are devoted. Despite hard working conditions, they never lack the faith and passion to guard the pipeline. 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $