暑假作业02 主语从句、表语从句（巩固培优）高二英语外研版

**基本信息** 聚焦主语从句与表语从句，以“概念-引导词-用法”为逻辑主线，融合“名师点津”提炼虚拟语气、形式主语等解题技巧，提升语言理解与语境应用能力，培养语法规则的系统思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |理论讲解|含12+例句及5处“名师点津”|引导词分类（3类）、虚拟语气规则（形容词/动词后的从句）、形式主语句型（4类）|从定义到引导词功能，再到特殊用法（如what作主语时谓语单复数），形成“概念生成-规则应用-易错警示”链条| |语法填空/任务型阅读|单句20题+短文2篇+阅读1篇|语境中引导词选择、从句与主句逻辑匹配|通过不同题型（单句/语篇）实现从基础规则到综合应用的过渡，强化语言能力与思维品质|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业02 主语从句、表语从句 主语从句 一、主语从句的概述 在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫作主语从句。主语从句可直接放在句首，也可用形式主语it代替，而将主语从句后置。 二、主语从句的引导词 1．从属连词 that, whether, if等。 2．连接代词 who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever等。 3．连接副词 when, where, why, how, whenever，however，wherever等。 三、主语从句的用法 1．that引导的主语从句 (1)that引导主语从句时只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，没有实际意义。但是that不能省略。 That we need more equipment is obvious.显然，我们需要更多的设备。 That she won the game made us very happy.她赢得了比赛令我们非常高兴。 [名师点津]　从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 (2)在that引导的主语从句中，常用it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句后置，常见的此类句型有： ①It＋be＋形容词(obvious, natural, surprising, possible, likely, important, necessary等)＋that从句 It is certain that she will do well in her exam.可以肯定她会考得很好。 It is obvious that you have made a big mistake.很明显你犯了一个大错。 [名师点津]　在句型It＋be＋形容词＋that从句中，如果形容词为necessary, important等，主语从句要用虚拟语气。即：It is necessary/important that＋主语＋(should)＋动词原形＋其他． It is necessary that a college student (should) master one or two foreign languages. 大学生掌握一两门外语是非常有必要的。 It is important that he (should) attend every day.他每天都要出席，这很重要。 ②It＋be＋名词(词组)(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise等)＋that从句。 It is no surprise that our team have won the game.我们队已经赢得了那场比赛并不令人惊奇。 It is a pity that you didn't attend the lecture yesterday.很遗憾你昨天没去听讲座。 ③It＋be＋过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, suggested等)＋that从句。 It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.据报道，事故中没有乘客受伤。 It is generally considered that boys are better at science than girls.人们普遍认为男孩比女孩更擅长理科。 [名师点津]　如果过去分词为表示建议、命令、要求等的词(suggested，advised，ordered，requested，insisted，demanded等)，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词的形式为“(should)＋动词原形”。 It is suggested that you(should) spend more time in studying English. 建议你花更多的时间学习英语。 ④It＋动词/动词短语(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, prove, occur to sb.等)＋that从句 It happened that I was away when he called.他来电话时我碰巧不在。 It occurred to me that we should get in touch with the manager.我突然想起我们应该和经理联系。 2．whether引导的主语从句 whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句末(前面需用it作形式主语)。whether意为“是否”，只起连接作用，在句中不作成分，且不可省略。 Whether we will go for an autumn outing is not sure.＝It is not sure whether we will go for an autumn outing.我们是否要去秋游还没定下来。 It is unknown whether he has agreed to my plan.不知道他是否已经同意了我的计划。 3．连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句 (1)连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语时，不可以省略。 What he said just now is true.他刚才说的是真的。 Whoever breaks the law will be punished.无论谁触犯了法律都会受到惩罚。 [名师点津]　①whoever和whatever引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语。 ②what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数；what引导主语从句并在从句中作宾语时，谓语动词的单复数由谓语动词后面名词的数决定。 What hurt my feelings was the judge's comment.伤害我感情的是评审员的评语。 What the kid wanted was only a new school bag.(school bag是可数名词单数，谓语动词用单数) 那个孩子想要的只是一个新书包。 What they need are a car and some water.(a car and some water表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数) 他们需要的是一辆车和一些水。 (2)连接副词when, where, why, how，whenever，however, wherever等在从句中作状语。 Where he lives is not known to anyone.他住在哪里谁也不知道。 When we'll go for a picnic isn't known.(when在从句中作时间状语)我们什么时候去野餐还不知道。 表语从句 一、表语从句的概述 在复合句中作表语的从句，叫作表语从句。它位于主句的系动词之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。含有表语从句的复合句的一般结构为“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, seem, look, sound, taste, feel, remain, appear等。另外，because, as if, as though, as, like等也可引导表语从句。 二、表语从句的引导词 1．从属连词：that, whether等； 2．连接代词：who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等； 3．连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等。 三、表语从句的类型 1．从属连词that, whether引导的表语从句 that，whether只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分。that无实义，一般不可省略，whether意为“是否”，不能换成if(一般不用if引导表语从句)。 The trouble is that he has lost his money.麻烦是他丢了钱。 The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰激凌。 2．连接代词引导的表语从句 连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语，连接代词不能省略。 The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。 That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。 3．连接副词引导的表语从句 连接副词 when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等除在句子中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式或原因状语，本身具有词义。 Go and get your coat.It's where you left it.去把外套拿来，就在你原来放的地方。 I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.That's why I got wet through.我既没雨衣也没雨伞，这就是我淋湿的原因。 That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠怎样每年损害大量粮食的。 4．because/why引导的表语从句 because与why引导表语从句的区别：because引导的表语从句强调原因；why引导的表语从句强调结果。 That's because he didn't understand me.那是因为他不理解我。 This is why I think my happiest days will be in the future.这就是我认为自己最快乐的日子会在将来的原因。 [名师点津]　如果主句主语是reason，表语从句的连接词用that，不能用why或because。常见的句型为“The reason why ...is that ...” The reason why he came late is that he got up late.(that不能换成because) 他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。 四、表语从句使用虚拟语气的情况 1．as if, as though 引导的表语从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。此类表语从句常跟在特定的动词后面，如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。as if/as though引导的表语从句用虚拟语气时，如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”；如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。 You look as if you've had a good time.(陈述语气)你看起来好像玩得很开心。 They talked as if they had been good friends for years.(虚拟语气)他们说起话来好像是多年的好朋友似的。 2．如果主句的主语是advice, demand, order, suggestion, requirement, request, command等时，表语从句用虚拟语气，动词形式为“(should)＋动词原形”。 The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should) practise reading English every day. 我们老师给的建议是我们应该每天练习读英语。 Her request is that the doctor (should) be sent for at once.她要求立即派人请医生来。 一.单句语法填空 1．It is not a problem we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time. 2. you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. 3．But in this experiment they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one. 4．It's partly true Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. 5．Every year, makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 6． she was invited to the ball made her very happy. 7．Sometimes, we show our gratitude to a person is reflected in the kind of food we serve him or her. 8．It remains to be seen this plan is practical enough to keep the project going. 9． will take over the company has not been decided yet. 10．Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 二.单句语法填空 1．The reason for your mistake is you lack confidence in yourself. 2．That's we should do at once. 3．The doubt is has got away with the document. 4．He looked he was ill. 5．The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal. 6．The problem is we can find them there. 7．This is I don't agree with you. 8．The question is we can get in touch with him. 9．The problem is will come to replace her. 10．Tom left immediately.That's he only had 10 minutes to get to his next job! 三.短文语法填空 It is true 1. inner beauty is very important, but sometimes, 2. we wear can't be ignored completely.Supposing you are going to attend an interview, 3. you look in appearance may decide whether you will be accepted, because 4. we dressed appropriately will leave a good first impression on the interviewer.In this case, 5. we should pay attention to our external beauty is obvious.6. seems more beautiful may boost the self­confidence and perform well in the interview. 四.短文语法填空 I read a report last night.The content was 1. a lot of people died in a traffic accident.But the reason why I was sad is not 2. the accident caused great damage.What astonished me most is 3. some babies lost their lives.That's 4. I want to remind.However, the problem is 5. the government has taken some measures to deal with it and 6. we can help them.My suggestion is 7. we should obey the traffic rules.That's 8. we should be responsible for ourselves, as well as others. 一．语法填空 A （24-25高二下·福建漳州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The long-term Ancient China exhibition is the first stop of many when visiting the National Museum of China, 1 (locate) on Chang’an Avenue in downtown Beijing. The exhibition covers several 2 (gallery) and charts Chinese history from prehistoric times to the last monarchy, the Qing Dynasty. It shows selected artifacts from the museum’s considerable and rare collection. Recently the museum published 3 informative book titled The History of Ancient China in 115 Objects, 4 (introduce) 115 fine works of historical and cultural values on display at the exhibition. The artifacts featured in the book include an extravagant adorned empress’ coronet (冠冕) of the Ming Dynasty, which attracts visitors waiting in long line for a brief look at the gallery 5 it is on show. The head-wear belonged to Empress Xiaoduan, wife of Emperor Shenzong, more than 400 years ago. The splendor is 6 (vivid) evidenced by the thousands of pearls and precious stones. It is so popular among visitors 7 the museum’s creativity department has developed a dozen consumer products. The book’s texts 8 (write) by the museum’s nine staff members who are experienced 9 writing and giving oral tours, and designing public programs and 10 (education) courses for young visitors. Zhao Jingshu said, one of the authors,” The book is like a guest book in which I’ve tried to satisfy the visitors’ curiosity. B （24-25高二下·福建福州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或使用括号内单词的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卷上的相应位置。 Inside a workshop in Lyon, France, the soft rhythm of weaving (织布) machines fills the air as colorful threads move smoothly. For centuries, silk-making traditions, passed down through generations, 1 (shape) Lyon’s identity. In these workshops, skilled workers use silk-screen printing, 2 technique originating in China, to layer colors one by one. 3 (remarkable), creating a single scarf can involve up to 30 different colors, each requiring its own screen and printing step. This 4 (detail) process, demanding steady hands and sharp eyes, ensures that every piece is unique and full of character. Lyon’s connection to silk dates back to ancient times, 5 the city became a key gateway for Chinese silk entering Europe. During the Roman Empire, Lyon’s location along the Rhine River made it an important trading center. The 6 (arrive) of silk brought significant cultural and economic changes, establishing long-lasting ties between China and France. Even the street designs of Lyon’s Old Town 7 (tailor) to protect silk products from wind and rain during transport, showing how silk influenced the city’s development in many ways. Today, Lyon is still celebrated 8 a center for silk production, design, and cultural exchange, 9 (inspire) many famous fashion houses around the world. Thanks to China’s Belt and Road initiative, new trade routes are bringing fresh 10 (opportunity) to Lyon. This renewed partnership continues to weave a future of shared creativity and innovation. 一．任务型阅读 （24-25高二下·天津河东·期末）I remember him on his first day in the sixth grade. He was the only black face in a sea of white. A few days later, he had yet to connect with anyone. Our teacher asked me to talk to him. So I went over to him and said, “Hi.” He replied, “Hi.” And that was it for day one. The next day, “What’s up?” “Not much.” We added a word or two each day until full sentences were formed, and then a paragraph. Soon we became good friends and our friendship survived new friendships and small arguments. One day, with nothing better to do, we played jokes on each other. When it was my turn, I expressed criticism of his choice of clothing. He was laughing as hard as I was. Strangely enough,I remember so much about that day except in what context (语境) the N-word (rude word for a black person) was used. My purposes were not to wound him obviously. He was my best friend. But the look on his face told me otherwise. It was a few days before we spoke again. Although we insisted we’d be friends forever, I never saw him after high school. It may not have had anything to do with what I said, or it may have had everything. By that point, we weren’t intimate enough for me to ask any more. Several days ago, there was a near race riot (暴动) during a high school basketball game, and angry teenagers shouted several rude words. These words brought back a flood of memories. All I wonder is if these kids will ever feel as bad as I did for using such a rude word. It’s a curse (诅咒) word, but the real curse is on the person who uses it. 1．What does the first paragraph talk about? (no more than 10 words) 2．What happened to the author’s friend according to Paragraph 2? (no more than 10 words) 3．What does the underlined word “intimate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in English? (1 word) 4．What reminded the author of his unpleasant memories? (no more than 10 words) 5．What can we learn from the story between the author and his friend? (no more than 20 words) 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业02 主语从句、表语从句 主语从句 一、主语从句的概述 在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫作主语从句。主语从句可直接放在句首，也可用形式主语it代替，而将主语从句后置。 二、主语从句的引导词 1．从属连词 that, whether, if等。 2．连接代词 who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever等。 3．连接副词 when, where, why, how, whenever，however，wherever等。 三、主语从句的用法 1．that引导的主语从句 (1)that引导主语从句时只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，没有实际意义。但是that不能省略。 That we need more equipment is obvious.显然，我们需要更多的设备。 That she won the game made us very happy.她赢得了比赛令我们非常高兴。 [名师点津]　从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 (2)在that引导的主语从句中，常用it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句后置，常见的此类句型有： ①It＋be＋形容词(obvious, natural, surprising, possible, likely, important, necessary等)＋that从句 It is certain that she will do well in her exam.可以肯定她会考得很好。 It is obvious that you have made a big mistake.很明显你犯了一个大错。 [名师点津]　在句型It＋be＋形容词＋that从句中，如果形容词为necessary, important等，主语从句要用虚拟语气。即：It is necessary/important that＋主语＋(should)＋动词原形＋其他． It is necessary that a college student (should) master one or two foreign languages. 大学生掌握一两门外语是非常有必要的。 It is important that he (should) attend every day.他每天都要出席，这很重要。 ②It＋be＋名词(词组)(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise等)＋that从句。 It is no surprise that our team have won the game.我们队已经赢得了那场比赛并不令人惊奇。 It is a pity that you didn't attend the lecture yesterday.很遗憾你昨天没去听讲座。 ③It＋be＋过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, suggested等)＋that从句。 It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.据报道，事故中没有乘客受伤。 It is generally considered that boys are better at science than girls.人们普遍认为男孩比女孩更擅长理科。 [名师点津]　如果过去分词为表示建议、命令、要求等的词(suggested，advised，ordered，requested，insisted，demanded等)，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词的形式为“(should)＋动词原形”。 It is suggested that you(should) spend more time in studying English. 建议你花更多的时间学习英语。 ④It＋动词/动词短语(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, prove, occur to sb.等)＋that从句 It happened that I was away when he called.他来电话时我碰巧不在。 It occurred to me that we should get in touch with the manager.我突然想起我们应该和经理联系。 2．whether引导的主语从句 whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句末(前面需用it作形式主语)。whether意为“是否”，只起连接作用，在句中不作成分，且不可省略。 Whether we will go for an autumn outing is not sure.＝It is not sure whether we will go for an autumn outing.我们是否要去秋游还没定下来。 It is unknown whether he has agreed to my plan.不知道他是否已经同意了我的计划。 3．连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句 (1)连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语时，不可以省略。 What he said just now is true.他刚才说的是真的。 Whoever breaks the law will be punished.无论谁触犯了法律都会受到惩罚。 [名师点津]　①whoever和whatever引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语。 ②what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数；what引导主语从句并在从句中作宾语时，谓语动词的单复数由谓语动词后面名词的数决定。 What hurt my feelings was the judge's comment.伤害我感情的是评审员的评语。 What the kid wanted was only a new school bag.(school bag是可数名词单数，谓语动词用单数) 那个孩子想要的只是一个新书包。 What they need are a car and some water.(a car and some water表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数) 他们需要的是一辆车和一些水。 (2)连接副词when, where, why, how，whenever，however, wherever等在从句中作状语。 Where he lives is not known to anyone.他住在哪里谁也不知道。 When we'll go for a picnic isn't known.(when在从句中作时间状语)我们什么时候去野餐还不知道。 表语从句 一、表语从句的概述 在复合句中作表语的从句，叫作表语从句。它位于主句的系动词之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。含有表语从句的复合句的一般结构为“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, seem, look, sound, taste, feel, remain, appear等。另外，because, as if, as though, as, like等也可引导表语从句。 二、表语从句的引导词 1．从属连词：that, whether等； 2．连接代词：who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等； 3．连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等。 三、表语从句的类型 1．从属连词that, whether引导的表语从句 that，whether只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分。that无实义，一般不可省略，whether意为“是否”，不能换成if(一般不用if引导表语从句)。 The trouble is that he has lost his money.麻烦是他丢了钱。 The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰激凌。 2．连接代词引导的表语从句 连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语，连接代词不能省略。 The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。 That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。 3．连接副词引导的表语从句 连接副词 when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等除在句子中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式或原因状语，本身具有词义。 Go and get your coat.It's where you left it.去把外套拿来，就在你原来放的地方。 I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.That's why I got wet through.我既没雨衣也没雨伞，这就是我淋湿的原因。 That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠怎样每年损害大量粮食的。 4．because/why引导的表语从句 because与why引导表语从句的区别：because引导的表语从句强调原因；why引导的表语从句强调结果。 That's because he didn't understand me.那是因为他不理解我。 This is why I think my happiest days will be in the future.这就是我认为自己最快乐的日子会在将来的原因。 [名师点津]　如果主句主语是reason，表语从句的连接词用that，不能用why或because。常见的句型为“The reason why ...is that ...” The reason why he came late is that he got up late.(that不能换成because) 他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。 四、表语从句使用虚拟语气的情况 1．as if, as though 引导的表语从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。此类表语从句常跟在特定的动词后面，如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。as if/as though引导的表语从句用虚拟语气时，如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”；如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。 You look as if you've had a good time.(陈述语气)你看起来好像玩得很开心。 They talked as if they had been good friends for years.(虚拟语气)他们说起话来好像是多年的好朋友似的。 2．如果主句的主语是advice, demand, order, suggestion, requirement, request, command等时，表语从句用虚拟语气，动词形式为“(should)＋动词原形”。 The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should) practise reading English every day. 我们老师给的建议是我们应该每天练习读英语。 Her request is that the doctor (should) be sent for at once.她要求立即派人请医生来。 一.单句语法填空 1．It is not a problem we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time. 2. you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. 3．But in this experiment they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one. 4．It's partly true Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. 5．Every year, makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 6． she was invited to the ball made her very happy. 7．Sometimes, we show our gratitude to a person is reflected in the kind of food we serve him or her. 8．It remains to be seen this plan is practical enough to keep the project going. 9． will take over the company has not been decided yet. 10．Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 【答案】1.whether 2.What 3.what 4.that 5.whoever 6.That 7.how 8.whether 9.Who 10.when 二.单句语法填空 1．The reason for your mistake is you lack confidence in yourself. 2．That's we should do at once. 3．The doubt is has got away with the document. 4．He looked he was ill. 5．The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal. 6．The problem is we can find them there. 7．This is I don't agree with you. 8．The question is we can get in touch with him. 9．The problem is will come to replace her. 10．Tom left immediately.That's he only had 10 minutes to get to his next job! 【答案】1.that 2.what 3.who 4.as if/as though 5.when 6.whether 7.where 8.how 9.who 10.because 三.短文语法填空 It is true 1. inner beauty is very important, but sometimes, 2. we wear can't be ignored completely.Supposing you are going to attend an interview, 3. you look in appearance may decide whether you will be accepted, because 4. we dressed appropriately will leave a good first impression on the interviewer.In this case, 5. we should pay attention to our external beauty is obvious.6. seems more beautiful may boost the self­confidence and perform well in the interview. 【答案】 1.that 2.what 3.how 4.that 5.whether 6.Who 四.短文语法填空 I read a report last night.The content was 1. a lot of people died in a traffic accident.But the reason why I was sad is not 2. the accident caused great damage.What astonished me most is 3. some babies lost their lives.That's 4. I want to remind.However, the problem is 5. the government has taken some measures to deal with it and 6. we can help them.My suggestion is 7. we should obey the traffic rules.That's 8. we should be responsible for ourselves, as well as others. 【答案】1.that 2.that 3.that 4.what 5.whether 6.how 7.that 8.because 一．语法填空 A （24-25高二下·福建漳州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The long-term Ancient China exhibition is the first stop of many when visiting the National Museum of China, 1 (locate) on Chang’an Avenue in downtown Beijing. The exhibition covers several 2 (gallery) and charts Chinese history from prehistoric times to the last monarchy, the Qing Dynasty. It shows selected artifacts from the museum’s considerable and rare collection. Recently the museum published 3 informative book titled The History of Ancient China in 115 Objects, 4 (introduce) 115 fine works of historical and cultural values on display at the exhibition. The artifacts featured in the book include an extravagant adorned empress’ coronet (冠冕) of the Ming Dynasty, which attracts visitors waiting in long line for a brief look at the gallery 5 it is on show. The head-wear belonged to Empress Xiaoduan, wife of Emperor Shenzong, more than 400 years ago. The splendor is 6 (vivid) evidenced by the thousands of pearls and precious stones. It is so popular among visitors 7 the museum’s creativity department has developed a dozen consumer products. The book’s texts 8 (write) by the museum’s nine staff members who are experienced 9 writing and giving oral tours, and designing public programs and 10 (education) courses for young visitors. Zhao Jingshu said, one of the authors,” The book is like a guest book in which I’ve tried to satisfy the visitors’ curiosity. 【答案】1．located 2．galleries 3．an 4． introducing 5．where 6．vividly 7．that 8．were written 9．in 10．educational 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章描述了中国国家博物馆的相关情况，介绍了该博物馆出版的一本名为《115件文物中的中国古代史》的书籍的相关内容。 1．考查形容词。句意：位于北京市中心长安街的中国国家博物馆，其长期的中国古代文明展是众多参观者的第一站。__________on Chang’an Avenue in downtown Beijing作定语修饰名词短语the National Museum of China，括号里的locate是动词，要变成对应的形容词located，表示“坐落于”。故填located。 2．考查名词。句意：该展览涵盖了几个陈列室，展示了从史前时期到中国最后一个封建王朝——清朝的历史。several表示“几个”，要接复数名词。gallery的复数名词galleries。故填galleries。 3．考查冠词。句意：最近，该博物馆出版了一本内容丰富的书籍，书名为《115 件文物中的中国古代史》，介绍了展览中展出的115件具有历史和文化价值的精美作品。所填词修饰的informative book是“形容词+单数可数名词”，所填词要用冠词。book是第一次提到的名词，要用不定冠词修饰表示泛指，informative以元音发音开头，不定冠词要用an。故填an。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，该博物馆出版了一本内容丰富的书籍，书名为《115件文物中的中国古代史》，介绍了展览中展出的115件具有历史和文化价值的精美作品。句中的主语是the museum，published 是谓语动词，空前有逗号但没有并列连词，括号里的introduce是动词，它要变为非谓语动词形式。_________115 fine works of historical and cultural values on display at the exhibition是伴随状语，是主语the museum发出的动作，要用现在分词。故填introducing。 5．考查定语从句。句意：这本书中所介绍的文物包括一件明代奢华装饰的皇后冠冕，它吸引了众多游客排起长队，只为短暂地参观一下展示这件冠冕的陈列室。_______it is on show是定语从句修饰地点名词gallery(陈列室)，从句主系表结构完整，所填关系词在该从句中作地点状语，要用关系副词where。故填where。 6．考查副词。句意：这种辉煌尽显于那数以千计的珍珠和宝石之中。所填词作状语修饰谓语is evidenced，要用副词。vivid是形容词，对应的副词是vividly。故填vividly。 7．考查状语从句。句意：它在游客中如此受欢迎，以至于该博物馆的创意部门已经开发出了十几种相关的产品。so+形容词+that引导结果状语从句是固定用法，表示“如此……以至于”。故填that。 8．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这本书的内容是由博物馆的九名工作人员撰写的，他们具备出色的写作能力，并且擅长进行口头导览、设计面向青少年参观者的公共活动以及开设教育课程。The book’s texts作主语，所填词作谓语，主语不能发出动作，要用被动语态。根据第二段首句中的过去式published可知，“write”这个动作发生在过去，要用一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词，主语是复数名词（texts），be动词用were。故填were written。 9．考查介词。句意：这本书的内容是由博物馆的九名工作人员撰写的，他们具备出色的写作能力，并且擅长进行口头导览、设计面向青少年参观者的公共活动以及开设教育课程。由于be experienced in是固定结构，表示“在……方面有经验”。故填in。 10．考查形容词。句意：这本书的内容是由博物馆的九名工作人员撰写的，他们具备出色的写作能力，并且擅长进行口头导览、设计面向青少年参观者的公共活动以及开设教育课程。所填词作定语修饰名词course (课程)，要用形容词。education是名词，对应的形容词是educational，表示“教育的”。故填educational。 B （24-25高二下·福建福州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或使用括号内单词的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卷上的相应位置。 Inside a workshop in Lyon, France, the soft rhythm of weaving (织布) machines fills the air as colorful threads move smoothly. For centuries, silk-making traditions, passed down through generations, 1 (shape) Lyon’s identity. In these workshops, skilled workers use silk-screen printing, 2 technique originating in China, to layer colors one by one. 3 (remarkable), creating a single scarf can involve up to 30 different colors, each requiring its own screen and printing step. This 4 (detail) process, demanding steady hands and sharp eyes, ensures that every piece is unique and full of character. Lyon’s connection to silk dates back to ancient times, 5 the city became a key gateway for Chinese silk entering Europe. During the Roman Empire, Lyon’s location along the Rhine River made it an important trading center. The 6 (arrive) of silk brought significant cultural and economic changes, establishing long-lasting ties between China and France. Even the street designs of Lyon’s Old Town 7 (tailor) to protect silk products from wind and rain during transport, showing how silk influenced the city’s development in many ways. Today, Lyon is still celebrated 8 a center for silk production, design, and cultural exchange, 9 (inspire) many famous fashion houses around the world. Thanks to China’s Belt and Road initiative, new trade routes are bringing fresh 10 (opportunity) to Lyon. This renewed partnership continues to weave a future of shared creativity and innovation. 【答案】1．have shaped 2．a 3．Remarkably 4．detailed 5．when 6．arrival 7．were tailored 8．as 9．inspiring 10．opportunities 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了法国里昂与丝绸的深厚渊源及丝绸产业对其发展的影响。 1．考查动词时态。句意：几个世纪以来，代代相传的丝绸制作传统塑造了里昂的特色。shape“塑造”。根据时间状语For centuries可知，表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，时态应用现在完成时，主语silk-making traditions是复数，助动词用have。故填have shaped。 2．考查冠词。句意：在这些作坊里，熟练的工人使用起源于中国的丝网印刷技术，一层一层地叠加颜色。此处泛指“一项起源于中国的技术”，且technique是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 3．考查副词。句意：值得注意的是，制作一条围巾可能需要多达30种不同的颜色，每种颜色都需要自己的丝网和印刷步骤。此处修饰整个句子，作状语，应用副词remarkably“值得注意的是”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Remarkably。 4．考查形容词。句意：这个细致的过程需要稳定的手和敏锐的眼睛，以确保每一件作品都是独一无二的，充满个性。此处修饰名词process，应用形容词detailed“细致的”，作定语。故填detailed。 5．考查定语从句。句意：里昂与丝绸的联系可以追溯到古代，当时这座城市成为中国丝绸进入欧洲的重要门户。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是ancient times，关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 6．考查名词。句意：丝绸的到来带来了重大的文化和经济变革，建立了中法之间的长期联系。此处作主语，应用名词arrival“到来”。故填arrival。 7．考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：就连里昂老城的街道设计也是为了在运输过程中保护丝绸产品免受风吹雨打，这显示了丝绸在许多方面对城市发展的影响。此处描述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，主语street designs和动词tailor“专门制作”之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语street designs是复数，be动词用were。故填were tailored。 8．考查介词。句意：如今，里昂仍然是丝绸生产、设计和文化交流的中心，激励着世界各地的许多著名时装公司。be celebrated as是固定短语，意为“作为……而闻名/受到赞誉”。故填as。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。本句谓语为is celebrated，此处为非谓语动词，且Lyon与inspire“激励”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填inspiring。 10．考查名词复数。句意：由于中国的“一带一路”倡议，新的贸易路线正在为里昂带来新的机遇。本空作are bringing的宾语，opportunity“机遇”是可数名词，由new trade routes are bringing可知，应用复数形式。故填opportunities。 一．任务型阅读 （24-25高二下·天津河东·期末）I remember him on his first day in the sixth grade. He was the only black face in a sea of white. A few days later, he had yet to connect with anyone. Our teacher asked me to talk to him. So I went over to him and said, “Hi.” He replied, “Hi.” And that was it for day one. The next day, “What’s up?” “Not much.” We added a word or two each day until full sentences were formed, and then a paragraph. Soon we became good friends and our friendship survived new friendships and small arguments. One day, with nothing better to do, we played jokes on each other. When it was my turn, I expressed criticism of his choice of clothing. He was laughing as hard as I was. Strangely enough,I remember so much about that day except in what context (语境) the N-word (rude word for a black person) was used. My purposes were not to wound him obviously. He was my best friend. But the look on his face told me otherwise. It was a few days before we spoke again. Although we insisted we’d be friends forever, I never saw him after high school. It may not have had anything to do with what I said, or it may have had everything. By that point, we weren’t intimate enough for me to ask any more. Several days ago, there was a near race riot (暴动) during a high school basketball game, and angry teenagers shouted several rude words. These words brought back a flood of memories. All I wonder is if these kids will ever feel as bad as I did for using such a rude word. It’s a curse (诅咒) word, but the real curse is on the person who uses it. 1．What does the first paragraph talk about? (no more than 10 words) 2．What happened to the author’s friend according to Paragraph 2? (no more than 10 words) 3．What does the underlined word “intimate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in English? (1 word) 4．What reminded the author of his unpleasant memories? (no more than 10 words) 5．What can we learn from the story between the author and his friend? (no more than 20 words) 【答案】1．How the author got to know his friend. 2．His friend was badly hurt by the author’s words. 3．Close./ Familiar. 4．Several rude words said by the angry teenagers. 5．We should be careful with our words to avoid hurting others. (开放式话题，答案合理即可。) 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者与六年级时唯一的黑人同学从相识到成为好友，后因作者使用不礼貌词汇导致友谊出现裂痕，多年后回忆此事仍感愧疚的故事。 1．考查主旨大意。根据第一段“I remember him on his first day in the sixth grade. He was the only black face in a sea of white. A few days later, he had yet to connect with anyone. Our teacher asked me to talk to him. So I went over to him and said, “Hi.” He replied, “Hi.” And that was it for day one. The next day, “What’s up?” “Not much.” We added a word or two each day until full sentences were formed, and then a paragraph.(我还记得他上六年级的第一天。在一片白人面孔中，他是唯一的黑人孩子。几天后，他仍未和任何人建立起联系。老师让我去跟他聊聊。于是我走到他面前，说了声“嗨”。他回了句“嗨”。第一天的交流就只有这些。第二天，我问“还好吗？”他答“还行。”我们每天都比前一天多聊一两个词，直到能说完整的句子，后来甚至能聊上一段话。)”可知，第一段主要讲述作者是如何认识他的朋友的。故答案为How the author got to know his friend. 2．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Strangely enough, I remember so much about that day except in what context (语境) the N-word (rude word for a black person) was used. My purposes were not to wound him obviously. He was my best friend. But the look on his face told me otherwise. (说来也怪，那天的很多细节我都记得清清楚楚，唯独想不起那个 N 字（对黑人的侮辱性称呼）是在什么语境下说出口的。显然，我并非有意要伤害他 —— 他是我最好的朋友。但他脸上的神情却告诉我，情况并非如此。)”可知，作者说了对黑人侮辱性的话语，由此可知，作者的朋友被作者的话深深伤害了。故答案为His friend was badly hurt by the author’s words. 3．考查词义猜测。根据第三段“Although we insisted we’d be friends forever, I never saw him after high school. It may not have had anything to do with what I said, or it may have had everything. By that point, we weren’t intimate enough for me to ask any more. (尽管我们曾坚称会永远是朋友，但高中毕业后我就再也没见过他了。这或许与我当初说的话毫无关系，又或许完全是因为那句话。到了那个时候，我们的关系已经没那么……了，我再也没机会问个究竟。)”可知，作者在高中毕业后再也没有见过他，不知道是不是因为当初所说的那句话，此时已没有机会问个究竟，由此可知，此处表示两个人的关系不够“亲密”了，所以，“intimate”的意思与“亲密的”意义相近。故答案为Close./ Familiar. 4．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Several days ago, there was a near race riot during a high school basketball game, and angry teenagers shouted several rude words. These words brought back a flood of memories. (几天前，一场高中篮球赛中差点发生种族暴动，愤怒的青少年们喊出了一些粗鲁的话。这些话勾起了我一连串的回忆。)”可知，愤怒青少年喊的粗鲁话语让作者想起了不愉快的回忆。故答案为Several rude words said by the angry teenagers. 5．开放回答题。本题为开放性试题，答案合理即可。结合故事中作者因使用不礼貌词汇伤害朋友并感到愧疚，可总结出“说话时应当谨慎，以免伤害到他人”的启示。故答案为We should be careful with our words to avoid hurting others. 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $