暑假作业02 现在完成时（进阶）（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材译林版

**基本信息** 聚焦数量比较与同级比较，构建"概念-结构-用法-易错"四维方法体系，逻辑递进且适配中考高频考点。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |概念梳理|2类核心概念|明确数量比较（多少维度）与同级比较（程度异同）本质|从定义出发构建比较语法认知基础| |结构归纳|2类名词×4种比较级表格|可数/不可数名词的more/fewer/less等结构规则|通过表格可视化语法规则，强化形式与意义关联| |特殊用法|3种变式（as...as possible等）|同义转换公式（A not as...as B=B比较级+than A）|拓展基本结构至实际语境应用| |易错辨析|4类典型错误（如less students）|对比fewer/less、little/few等易混点|通过错误案例反向巩固正确用法| |综合应用|单选10题+完形1篇+阅读3篇等|语境中判断比较类型及名词属性|从单一语法到语篇综合，提升语言运用能力|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业02 现在完成时进阶 一、have been to /have gone to /have been in 核心辨析 结构 含义 用法说明 例句 have been to 去过某地（已返回） 可与次数（once, twice）连用 I have been to Luoyang twice. have gone to 去了某地（未返回） 主语通常为第三人称，不与第一 / 二人称连用 My dad has gone to Xiamen on business. have been in 在某地待了多久 可与 for/since 连用，表持续状态 They have been in Nanjing for 5 years. 二、for 与 since 的精准用法 1. for + 时间段：表示动作持续的时长 for 3 years, for a month, for two hours I have lived here for 10 years. 2. since + 时间点 / 一般过去时句子：表示动作开始的时间 since 2020, since last week, since he was a child We haven't seen each other since the beginning of this year. 3. 同义转换：for + 时间段 = since + 时间段 + ago He has been away for 3 days. = He has been away since 3 days ago. 三、短暂性动词→延续性动词转换（必考 8 组） 短暂性动词不能与 for/since 连用，需转换为对应的延续性动词 / 短语： 1. leave → be away from 错误：He has left for 3 days. 正确：He has been away from home for 3 days. 2. buy → have 错误：She has bought the car for 2 years. 正确：She has had the car for 2 years. 3. borrow → keep 错误：I have borrowed the book for a week. 正确：I have kept the book for a week. 4. join → be a member of / be in 错误：He has joined the club for 6 months. 正确：He has been a member of the club for 6 months. 5. begin/start → be on 错误：The film has begun for 10 minutes. 正确：The film has been on for 10 minutes. 6. die → be dead 错误：His grandpa has died for 2 years. 正确：His grandpa has been dead for 2 years. 7. arrive/get to/reach → be in/at 错误：They have arrived in Beijing for a week. 正确：They have been in Beijing for a week. 8. marry → be married 错误：They have married for 10 years. 正确：They have been married for 10 years. 四、易错易混概念 1. 混淆 have been to（已回）和 have gone to（未回），尤其在疑问句中 错误：Where have you gone? 正确：Where have you been? 2. 短暂性动词直接与 for/since 连用，未进行转换 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —Where is your deskmate? —She ______ the school library. She will be back in ten minutes. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. went to 【答案】B 【解析】句意：— 你的同桌在哪里？— 她去了学校图书馆，十分钟后回来。考查have been to/have gone to/have been in辨析。have gone to表示 “去了某地（现在仍在那里，未返回）”，符合 “十分钟后回来” 的语境；have been to表示 “去过某地（现已返回）”；have been in表示 “在某地待了多久”；went to是一般过去时，不强调对现在的影响。故选 B。 2. My family has lived in this beautiful town ______ 2018. A. for B. since C. in D. at 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我家从 2018 年起就住在这个美丽的小镇了。考查现在完成时的时间状语。since后接时间点，2018是具体时间点；for后接时间段；in/at不能与现在完成时连用表示动作的持续。故选 B。 3. —How long ______ you ______ this camera? —For two years. I bought it in Beijing. A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had D. do; have 【答案】C 【解析】句意：— 你拥有这个相机多久了？— 两年了，我在北京买的。考查短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换。how long提问时间段，短暂性动词buy不能与时间段连用，需转换为延续性动词have；结合语境用现在完成时。故选 C。 4. The Greens ______ Suzhou for over three years. They love the city very much. A. have been to B. have gone to C. have been in D. went to 【答案】C 【解析】句意：格林一家在苏州待了三年多了，他们非常喜欢这座城市。考查have been in的用法。for over three years是时间段，have been in表示 “在某地居住 / 停留了多久”，符合语境；have been to表 “去过已回”；have gone to表 “去了未回”；went to是一般过去时。故选 C。 5. —______ you ever ______ to the West Lake? —Yes, I went there with my parents last summer. A. Did; go B. Have; been C. Have; gone D. Are; going 【答案】B 【解析】句意：— 你曾经去过西湖吗？— 是的，我去年夏天和父母去的。考查have been to的用法。ever是现在完成时的标志词，排除 A、D；have been to表示 “去过某地（现已返回）”，可用于询问经历；have gone to表示 “去了未回”，不能用于询问是否去过。故选 B。 6. My brother ______ the basketball club for half a year. He plays basketball every weekend. A. has joined B. joined C. has been a member of D. joins 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我哥哥加入篮球俱乐部半年了，他每个周末都打篮球。考查短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换。for half a year是时间段，短暂性动词join不能与时间段连用，需转换为延续性表达be a member of；结合语境用现在完成时。故选 C。 7. His pet dog ______ for two months. He still misses it very much. A. has died B. died C. has been dead D. was dead 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他的宠物狗已经死了两个月了，他仍然非常想念它。考查短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换。for two months是时间段，短暂性动词die不能与时间段连用，需转换为延续性状态be dead；结合语境用现在完成时。故选 C。 8. The concert ______ for fifteen minutes. Let's hurry up. A. has begun B. began C. has been on D. is on 【答案】C 【解析】句意：音乐会已经开始十五分钟了，我们快点吧。考查短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换。for fifteen minutes是时间段，短暂性动词begin不能与时间段连用，需转换为延续性表达be on；结合语境用现在完成时。故选 C。 9. —Can I borrow your English dictionary? —Sorry, I ______ it to Tom. He ______ it for three days. A. have lent; has kept B. have borrowed; has kept C. have lent; has borrowed D. lent; borrowed 【答案】A 【解析】句意：— 我能借你的英语词典吗？— 抱歉，我已经把它借给汤姆了，他已经借了三天了。考查lend/borrow/keep辨析。第一空：lend表 “借出”，borrow表 “借入”，此处是 “我借给汤姆”，用lend，现在完成时表对现在的影响；第二空：for three days是时间段，lend/borrow均为短暂性动词，需转换为延续性动词keep。故选 A。 10. He has been away from his hometown ______. A. for three years ago B. since three years C. since three years ago D. three years ago 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他已经离开家乡三年了。考查现在完成时的时间状语。since后接时间点，three years ago是时间点；for后接时间段，不能加ago；three years ago用于一般过去时。故选 C。 二、完成句子： A. 根据所给中文完成句子，每空一词。 1. 我爸爸去上海出差了，下周回来。 My father ______ ______ ______ Shanghai on business. He will come back next week. 【答案】has gone to 【解析】句意：我爸爸去上海出差了，下周回来。核心考点：have/has gone to与have/has been to的区别。 has gone to表示 "去了某地（现在还在那里，尚未回来）"，符合本句 "下周回来" 的语境。has been to表示 "去过某地（现在已经回来）"，不符合此处语义。 2. 他们结婚已经十五年了。 They ______ ______ ______ for fifteen years. 【答案】have been married 【解析】句意：他们结婚已经十五年了。核心考点：短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换。marry（结婚）和get married都是短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语for fifteen years连用。表示 "结婚多久" 的延续性状态要用be married，现在完成时结构为have/has been married。 3. 电影已经开始二十分钟了。 The film ______ ______ ______ for twenty minutes. 【答案】has been on 【解析】句意：电影已经开始二十分钟了。核心考点：短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换。begin/start（开始）是短暂性动词，不能与for twenty minutes连用。表示 "电影上映 / 进行多久" 的延续性状态要用be on，现在完成时结构为have/has been on。 4. 这本书我已经借了一个星期了，明天要还给图书馆。 I ______ ______ this book for a week. I will return it to the library tomorrow. 【答案】have kept 【解析】句意：这本书我已经借了一个星期了，明天要还给图书馆。核心考点：短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换。borrow（借入）是短暂性动词，不能与for a week连用。表示 "持有 / 保存某物多久" 的延续性动作要用keep，现在完成时结构为have/has kept。 5. 那位老人去世已经十年了。 The old man ______ ______ ______ for ten years. 【答案】has been dead 【解析】句意：那位老人去世已经十年了。核心考点：短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换。die（死亡）是短暂性动词，不能与for ten years连用。表示 "死亡的状态持续多久" 要用be dead，现在完成时结构为have/has been dead。 B. 按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。 1. They have been in the factory since 2010.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ ______ they been in the factory? 【答案】How long have 【解析】原句句意：他们从 2010 年起就在这家工厂了。改写后句意：他们在这家工厂多久了？核心考点：对现在完成时中时间状语的提问。划线部分since 2010表示 "自从 2010 年以来"，是时间段，对时间段提问要用特殊疑问词How long（多久）。现在完成时的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ 2. He has been away for five days.（改为同义句） He has been away ______ five days ______. 【答案】since; ago 【解析】原句句意：他已经离开五天了。改写后句意：他从五天前就离开了。核心考点：for + 时间段与since + 时间段 + ago的同义转换。这两个结构都表示动作从过去持续到现在的时长，可以互换使用。for five days = since five days ago。 3. I have been to Hong Kong twice.（改为一般疑问句） ______ you ______ ______ Hong Kong twice? 【答案】Have; been to 【解析】原句句意：我去过香港两次。改写后句意：你去过香港两次吗？核心考点：现在完成时的一般疑问句转换。现在完成时的一般疑问句结构为：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？原句主语是I，改为疑问句时要变成you，对应的助动词用Have。句中的been to保持不变。 4. The meeting has been on for an hour.（改为否定句） The meeting ______ ______ on for an hour. 【答案】hasn’t been 【解析】原句句意：会议已经进行了一个小时。改写后句意：会议还没有进行一个小时。核心考点：现在完成时的否定句转换。现在完成时的否定句结构为：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他？主语The meeting是第三人称单数，助动词用has，has not可以缩写为hasn't。句中的been on保持不变。 5. She joined the Party in 2020.（改为同义句） She ______ ______ a Party member ______ 2020. 【答案】has been; since 【解析】原句句意：她在 2020 年入了党。改写后句意：她从 2020 年起就是一名党员了。核心考点：一般过去时与现在完成时的同义转换（短暂性动词→延续性动词）。join the Party（入党）是短暂性动作，只能用一般过去时表示过去某个时间点发生的动作。要表示 "成为党员的状态持续多久"，需要转换为延续性表达be a Party member，并用since + 时间点表示动作开始的时间。 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our school has organized a volunteer project for the old people's home for several years. I 1 this project for two years. Last Saturday, we went there again and had a wonderful time. When we arrived, the old people 2 us warmly. Most of them 3 there for more than five years. We first cleaned their rooms and washed their clothes. Then we put on a small show for them. Some of us sang songs, some danced and some told funny stories. The show 4 for about an hour. All the old people laughed happily. After the show, we talked with them. An old grandma told us that her children worked in other cities and she 5 alone for a long time. She said we were like her grandchildren. Another old grandpa showed us some photos of his youth. He 6 a soldier when he was young and he 7 many places in China. He said he 8 to Beijing three times and he loved the Great Wall best. We left the old people's home at 4 o'clock in the afternoon. I 9 tired but happy. I think it's our duty to care for the old. I 10 more volunteer activities in the future. 1. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in D. was in 2. A. welcome B. welcomed C. have welcomed D. were welcoming 3. A. have lived B. lived C. are living D. will live 4. A. has begun B. began C. has been on D. was on 5. A. has lived B. had lived C. lived D. was living 6. A. was B. has been C. is D. had been 7. A. has visited B. visited C. visits D. had visited 8. A. has been B. had been C. went D. had gone 9. A. feel B. felt C. have felt D. was feeling 10. A. take part in B. took part in C. will take part in D. have taken part in 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者参与学校组织的养老院志愿项目的经历，描述了上周六志愿者们为老人打扫卫生、表演节目、谈心交流的过程，表达了关爱老人的责任与感悟。 1. 句意：我参与这个项目已经两年了。解析：for two years是延续性时间状语，需用延续性表达；join是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用；have been in表示 “参与 / 在…… 中” 的延续状态，符合语境。 2. 句意：我们到达时，老人们热情地欢迎了我们。解析：Last Saturday明确指向过去时间点，描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时welcomed。 3. 句意：他们大多数人已经在那里住了五年多了。解析：for more than five years是从过去持续到现在的时间段，用现在完成时have lived。 4. 句意：演出持续了大约一个小时。解析：全文讲述上周六的过去事件，用一般过去时；begin是短暂性动词，不能与for about an hour连用，was on表示 “进行 / 上演” 的延续状态。 5. 句意：一位老奶奶告诉我们，她的孩子在其他城市工作，她已经独自生活了很长时间。解析：主句谓语told是一般过去时，“独自生活” 发生在 “告诉” 之前，即 “过去的过去”，用过去完成时had lived。 6. 句意：他年轻时当过兵。解析：when he was young明确指向过去的时间，描述过去的身份，用一般过去时was。 7. 句意：他参观过中国的很多地方。解析：与上一句 “年轻时当兵” 并列，都是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时visited。 8. 句意：他说他去过北京三次，最喜欢长城。解析：主句谓语said是一般过去时，“去过北京” 发生在 “说” 之前，用过去完成时；had been to表示 “去过某地（已返回）”，符合语境。 9. 句意：我感到很累但很开心。解析：描述上周六离开时的感受，是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时felt。 10. 句意：我将来会参加更多的志愿活动。解析：in the future明确指向将来时间，用一般将来时will take part in。 二、阅读理解： A A Trip to Chengdu I have been to many beautiful cities in China, but Chengdu is my favorite. I went there with my family last summer vacation and we stayed there for a week. Chengdu is the capital of Sichuan Province. It is famous for pandas. We visited the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding（成都大熊猫繁育研究基地）. There are more than 100 pandas in the base. We saw some baby pandas. They were so cute that we took lots of photos. We also watched the pandas eat bamboo. They ate slowly and looked very happy. Besides pandas, Chengdu is also famous for its delicious food. We tried Sichuan hot pot（火锅）. It was very spicy but delicious. We also ate mapo tofu and kung pao chicken. My mother bought some Sichuan tea as gifts for her friends. We also visited some other places of interest, such as Dujiangyan Irrigation System（都江堰水利工程）. It is an ancient project that was built over 2,000 years ago. It is still working today. I was surprised by the wisdom of the ancient Chinese people. I have been back from Chengdu for two months, but I still miss the city. I hope I can go there again someday. 1. How long did the writer stay in Chengdu? A. For three days. B. For a week. C. For two weeks. D. For a month. 2. What is Chengdu famous for? A. Pandas and delicious food. B. Beautiful beaches. C. Ancient buildings. D. High mountains. 3. What did the writer see in the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding? A. Baby pandas eating bamboo. B. Many old pandas sleeping. C. Pandas playing with each other. D. All of the above. 4. Which of the following is NOT true about Dujiangyan Irrigation System? A. It was built over 2,000 years ago. B. It is an ancient project. C. It doesn't work anymore. D. It shows the wisdom of the ancient Chinese people. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. The writer doesn't like spicy food. B. The writer will never go to Chengdu again. C. The writer had a good time in Chengdu. D. The writer bought some tea for himself. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. C 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了去年暑假和家人去成都旅行一周的经历，介绍了成都的大熊猫、特色美食以及都江堰水利工程等知名景点，字里行间流露出对成都的喜爱与怀念之情。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段 “we stayed there for a week” 可知，作者在成都待了一周，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段 “It is famous for pandas” 和第三段 “Chengdu is also famous for its delicious food” 可知，成都因大熊猫和美食闻名，故选 A。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段 “We saw some baby pandas. We also watched the pandas eat bamboo” 可知，作者看到了熊猫宝宝以及熊猫吃竹子的场景，B、C 选项内容原文未提及，故选 A。 4. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段 “It is still working today” 可知，都江堰至今仍在发挥作用，C 选项表述错误。题目要求选出不正确的一项，故选 C。 5. 推理判断题。根据文章首段 “Chengdu is my favorite” 以及末段 “I still miss the city. I hope I can go there again someday” 可推断出，作者在成都度过了愉快的时光。A 选项与原文 “very spicy but delicious” 矛盾；B 选项与原文 “hope I can go there again” 矛盾；D 选项与原文 “My mother bought some Sichuan tea as gifts for her friends” 矛盾，故选 C。 B Volunteers in Our Community Nowadays, more and more people are willing to be volunteers. In our community, there are about 50 volunteers. They have done a lot of things to help others. Mrs. Li is a 60-year-old volunteer. She has been a volunteer for ten years. She helps look after the children whose parents are busy working. Every afternoon, she stays in the community center and helps the children with their homework. She also tells them stories and plays games with them. The children all love her. Mr. Wang is a doctor. He has volunteered in the community hospital for five years. He gives free medical examinations（体检） to the old people every month. He also gives them advice on how to keep healthy. Many old people say that Mr. Wang is like their family doctor. Some young volunteers also join in. They help clean the community and plant trees. They also organize activities to raise money for the poor children. Last month, they raised 5,000 yuan. They sent the money to a primary school in a mountain village. The volunteers say that helping others makes them happy. They will continue to do volunteer work in the future. 1. How many volunteers are there in the writer's community? A. About 30. B. About 40. C. About 50. D. About 60. 2. How long has Mrs. Li been a volunteer? A. For five years. B. For ten years. C. For fifteen years. D. For twenty years. 3. What does Mr. Wang do for the old people? A. He helps them with their homework. B. He gives them free medical examinations. C. He cleans their houses. D. He buys them food. 4. What did the young volunteers do last month? A. They planted trees in the community. B. They helped clean the community. C. They organized a charity show. D. They raised money for a primary school. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Volunteers in the writer's community do a lot to help others. B. Mrs. Li is a kind volunteer. C. Mr. Wang is a good doctor. D. Young people should be volunteers. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了作者社区里的志愿者群体，分别讲述了不同年龄、职业的志愿者开展的各类帮扶工作，展现了志愿者乐于奉献的精神。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段 “there are about 50 volunteers” 可知答案，故选 C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段 “She has been a volunteer for ten years” 可知答案，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段 “He gives free medical examinations to the old people every month” 可知答案，故选 B。 4. 细节理解题。根据第四段内容，青年志愿者上月为山村小学筹款，故选 D。 5. 主旨大意题。全文围绕社区志愿者及其助人工作展开，B、C 为局部内容，D 文中未提及，故选 A。 C Changes in My Hometown My hometown is a small village in Jiangsu Province. Great changes have taken place there in the past ten years. Ten years ago, the roads in my hometown were narrow and dirty. There were only a few small shops. People lived in old houses. Most people went to work by bike or on foot. There was no park or library in the village. Children had no place to play or read after school. Now, the roads are wide and clean. Many new houses and tall buildings have been built. There are two big supermarkets and a new park. People can go shopping in the supermarkets and take a walk in the park after dinner. A new library was built last year. It has a lot of books and computers. Children can read books and surf the Internet there. People's lives have also changed a lot. Many people have bought cars. They go to work by car. Some people have their own businesses. They become richer and richer. People also pay more attention to their health. They do exercise every morning. I have been away from my hometown for three years. I am very happy to see these changes. I hope my hometown will become more and more beautiful in the future. 1. Where is the writer's hometown? A. In Zhejiang Province. B. In Jiangsu Province. C. In Shandong Province. D. In Anhui Province. 2. What were the roads like in the writer's hometown ten years ago? A. Wide and clean. B. Narrow and dirty. C. Wide but dirty. D. Narrow but clean. 3. What was built last year in the writer's hometown? A. A new park. B. Two big supermarkets. C. A new library. D. Many tall buildings. 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. People lived in old houses ten years ago. B. There was a park in the village ten years ago. C. Many people have bought cars now. D. People do exercise every morning now. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. The writer doesn't like his hometown. B. The writer will never go back to his hometown. C. The writer's hometown has changed a lot. D. People in the writer's hometown are not happy now. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者对比了家乡十年前后的样貌、生活方式等方面，讲述了家乡发生的巨大变化，表达了对家乡变化的欣喜与美好祝愿。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段 “My hometown is a small village in Jiangsu Province” 可知答案，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段 “the roads in my hometown were narrow and dirty” 可知答案，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段 “A new library was built last year” 可知答案，故选 C。 4. 细节理解题。根据第二段 “There was no park or library in the village” 可知十年前村里没有公园，B 项表述错误，故选 B。 5. 推理判断题。全文围绕家乡的诸多变化展开，可推知家乡变化巨大。A、B、D 均与原文内容不符，故选 C。 D The Development of Mobile Phones Mobile phones have become an important part of our lives. They have changed a lot in the past few decades（几十年）. The first mobile phone was invented in 1973. It was very big and heavy. It could only be used to make calls. It was very expensive and only a few people could afford it. In the 1990s, mobile phones became smaller and lighter. They could not only make calls but also send messages. Some of them could play simple games. More and more people started to use mobile phones. Since the 2000s, smart phones have appeared. They are like small computers. People can use them to surf the Internet, take photos, watch videos and listen to music. They can also use them to pay for things and order food online. Smart phones have made our lives more convenient. Now, 5G technology is developing rapidly. It will make our smart phones faster and more powerful. We can use them to do many things that we couldn't do before. For example, we can have video calls with people around the world in real time. We can also control our home appliances（家用电器） from far away. Mobile phones have changed our lives greatly. I believe they will become even better in the future. 1. When was the first mobile phone invented? A. In 1973. B. In 1980. C. In 1990. D. In 2000. 2. What could the first mobile phone do? A. Send messages. B. Play games. C. Make calls. D. Surf the Internet. 3. When did smart phones appear? A. In the 1970s. B. In the 1990s. C. Since the 2000s. D. In 2020. 4. What can people use smart phones to do now? A. Surf the Internet and take photos. B. Watch videos and listen to music. C. Pay for things and order food online. D. All of the above. 5. What is the passage mainly about? A. The inventor of mobile phones. B. The development of mobile phones. C. How to use mobile phones. D. The disadvantages of mobile phones. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，按照时间顺序介绍了手机从诞生到如今 5G 时代的发展历程，讲述了不同阶段手机外形、功能的变化，展现了手机给生活带来的改变。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段 “The first mobile phone was invented in 1973” 可知答案，故选 A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段 “It could only be used to make calls” 可知答案，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段 “Since the 2000s, smart phones have appeared” 可知答案，故选 C。 4. 细节理解题。第四段提及智能手机可上网、拍照、看视频、听音乐、线上支付和点餐，A、B、C 三项均正确，故选 D。 5. 主旨大意题。全文围绕手机的发展展开，A、C、D 均与文章内容不符，故选 B。 一、首字母填空： 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Project: Green City Survey Our class has s____1____ a project called "Green City Survey". We want to find out how our city has c____2____ in terms of environmental protection（环境保护） in the past ten years. We have i____3____ 200 people in our city and collected a lot of data（数据）. Ten years ago, the air quality in our city was not very good. There were many factories that p____4____ waste gas into the air. People often wore masks when they went out. The sky was often gray. Now, the government has c____5____ some polluting factories. They have also b____6____ more parks and planted more trees. The air quality has improved a lot. The sky is blue most of the time. Ten years ago, the rivers in our city were very dirty. People t____7____ rubbish into the rivers. The water was black and smelly. There were no fish in the rivers. Now, the government has built sewage treatment plants（污水处理厂） and fined people who pollute rivers. The rivers are clean now. Ten years ago, there was no waste sorting（垃圾分类）. Now, waste sorting has been p____8____ in our city. The government has built waste recycling centers. The amount of waste has been r____9____ a lot. Ten years ago, public transportation was poor. Now, the government has built more bus lines and two subway lines. The public transportation is very c____10____. More and more people choose to take public transport to work. We think our city has become greener and more beautiful. We hope it will be even better in the future. 【答案】1. started 2. changed 3. interviewed 4. poured 5. closed 6. built 7. threw 8. promoted 9. reduced 10. convenient 【解析】本文是一篇班级调查报告。主旨是作者所在班级开展了名为 “绿色城市调查” 的项目，通过采访 200 位市民收集数据，从空气质量、河流环境、垃圾分类和公共交通四个维度，对比呈现了所在城市过去十年在环境保护方面的显著变化，展现了城市愈发绿色宜居的面貌，并寄托了对城市未来发展的美好祝愿。 1. 句意：我们班启动了一个名为 “绿色城市调查” 的项目。解析：现在完成时 “has + 过去分词”，start a project 是 “启动项目” 的固定搭配，故填 started。 2. 句意：我们想弄清楚过去十年我们的城市在环境保护方面发生了怎样的变化。解析：现在完成时 “has + 过去分词”，结合 “过去十年” 和 “环保” 语境，此处指城市的变化，故填 changed。 3. 句意：我们采访了本市 200 位市民，收集了大量数据。解析：现在完成时 “have + 过去分词”，调查项目需通过采访获取信息，interview 表示 “采访”，故填 interviewed。 4. 句意：有很多工厂向空气中排放废气。解析：一般过去时（描述十年前的情况），pour...into... 是 “把…… 排放 / 倒入……” 的固定搭配，符合工厂排放废气的语境，故填 poured。 5. 句意：现在，政府已经关闭了一些污染工厂。解析：现在完成时 “has + 过去分词”，治理污染需关停污染企业，close 表示 “关闭”，故填 closed。 6. 句意：他们还修建了更多公园，种植了更多树木。解析：现在完成时 “have + 过去分词”，build parks 是 “修建公园” 的固定搭配，故填 built。 7. 句意：人们往河里扔垃圾。解析：一般过去时（描述十年前的情况），throw...into... 是 “把…… 扔进……” 的固定搭配，故填 threw。 8. 句意：现在，垃圾分类已经在我市推行。解析：现在完成时被动语态 “has been + 过去分词”，promote 表示 “推广、推行”，符合政策落地的语境，故填 promoted。 9. 句意：垃圾的数量已经大幅减少。解析：现在完成时被动语态 “has been + 过去分词”，垃圾分类会减少垃圾总量，reduce 表示 “减少”，故填 reduced。 10. 句意：公共交通非常便利。解析：系动词 is 后接形容词作表语，convenient 表示 “便利的”，符合公共交通改善后的特点，故填 convenient。 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业02 现在完成时进阶 一、have been to /have gone to /have been in 核心辨析 结构 含义 用法说明 例句 have been to 去过某地（已返回） 可与次数（once, twice）连用 I have been to Luoyang twice. have gone to 去了某地（未返回） 主语通常为第三人称，不与第一 / 二人称连用 My dad has gone to Xiamen on business. have been in 在某地待了多久 可与 for/since 连用，表持续状态 They have been in Nanjing for 5 years. 二、for 与 since 的精准用法 1. for + 时间段：表示动作持续的时长 for 3 years, for a month, for two hours I have lived here for 10 years. 2. since + 时间点 / 一般过去时句子：表示动作开始的时间 since 2020, since last week, since he was a child We haven't seen each other since the beginning of this year. 3. 同义转换：for + 时间段 = since + 时间段 + ago He has been away for 3 days. = He has been away since 3 days ago. 三、短暂性动词→延续性动词转换（必考 8 组） 短暂性动词不能与 for/since 连用，需转换为对应的延续性动词 / 短语： 1. leave → be away from 错误：He has left for 3 days. 正确：He has been away from home for 3 days. 2. buy → have 错误：She has bought the car for 2 years. 正确：She has had the car for 2 years. 3. borrow → keep 错误：I have borrowed the book for a week. 正确：I have kept the book for a week. 4. join → be a member of / be in 错误：He has joined the club for 6 months. 正确：He has been a member of the club for 6 months. 5. begin/start → be on 错误：The film has begun for 10 minutes. 正确：The film has been on for 10 minutes. 6. die → be dead 错误：His grandpa has died for 2 years. 正确：His grandpa has been dead for 2 years. 7. arrive/get to/reach → be in/at 错误：They have arrived in Beijing for a week. 正确：They have been in Beijing for a week. 8. marry → be married 错误：They have married for 10 years. 正确：They have been married for 10 years. 四、易错易混概念 1. 混淆 have been to（已回）和 have gone to（未回），尤其在疑问句中 错误：Where have you gone? 正确：Where have you been? 2. 短暂性动词直接与 for/since 连用，未进行转换 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —Where is your deskmate? —She ______ the school library. She will be back in ten minutes. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. went to 2. My family has lived in this beautiful town ______ 2018. A. for B. since C. in D. at 3. —How long ______ you ______ this camera? —For two years. I bought it in Beijing. A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had D. do; have 4. The Greens ______ Suzhou for over three years. They love the city very much. A. have been to B. have gone to C. have been in D. went to 5. —______ you ever ______ to the West Lake? —Yes, I went there with my parents last summer. A. Did; go B. Have; been C. Have; gone D. Are; going 6. My brother ______ the basketball club for half a year. He plays basketball every weekend. A. has joined B. joined C. has been a member of D. joins 7. His pet dog ______ for two months. He still misses it very much. A. has died B. died C. has been dead D. was dead 8. The concert ______ for fifteen minutes. Let's hurry up. A. has begun B. began C. has been on D. is on 9. —Can I borrow your English dictionary? —Sorry, I ______ it to Tom. He ______ it for three days. A. have lent; has kept B. have borrowed; has kept C. have lent; has borrowed D. lent; borrowed 10. He has been away from his hometown ______. A. for three years ago B. since three years C. since three years ago D. three years ago 二、完成句子： A. 根据所给中文完成句子，每空一词。 1. 我爸爸去上海出差了，下周回来。 My father ______ ______ ______ Shanghai on business. He will come back next week. 2. 他们结婚已经十五年了。 They ______ ______ ______ for fifteen years. 3. 电影已经开始二十分钟了。 The film ______ ______ ______ for twenty minutes. 4. 这本书我已经借了一个星期了，明天要还给图书馆。 I ______ ______ this book for a week. I will return it to the library tomorrow. 5. 那位老人去世已经十年了。 The old man ______ ______ ______ for ten years. B. 按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。 1. They have been in the factory since 2010.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ ______ they been in the factory? 2. He has been away for five days.（改为同义句） He has been away ______ five days ______. 3. I have been to Hong Kong twice.（改为一般疑问句） ______ you ______ ______ Hong Kong twice? 4. The meeting has been on for an hour.（改为否定句） The meeting ______ ______ on for an hour. 5. She joined the Party in 2020.（改为同义句） She ______ ______ a Party member ______ 2020. 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our school has organized a volunteer project for the old people's home for several years. I 1 this project for two years. Last Saturday, we went there again and had a wonderful time. When we arrived, the old people 2 us warmly. Most of them 3 there for more than five years. We first cleaned their rooms and washed their clothes. Then we put on a small show for them. Some of us sang songs, some danced and some told funny stories. The show 4 for about an hour. All the old people laughed happily. After the show, we talked with them. An old grandma told us that her children worked in other cities and she 5 alone for a long time. She said we were like her grandchildren. Another old grandpa showed us some photos of his youth. He 6 a soldier when he was young and he 7 many places in China. He said he 8 to Beijing three times and he loved the Great Wall best. We left the old people's home at 4 o'clock in the afternoon. I 9 tired but happy. I think it's our duty to care for the old. I 10 more volunteer activities in the future. 1. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in D. was in 2. A. welcome B. welcomed C. have welcomed D. were welcoming 3. A. have lived B. lived C. are living D. will live 4. A. has begun B. began C. has been on D. was on 5. A. has lived B. had lived C. lived D. was living 6. A. was B. has been C. is D. had been 7. A. has visited B. visited C. visits D. had visited 8. A. has been B. had been C. went D. had gone 9. A. feel B. felt C. have felt D. was feeling 10. A. take part in B. took part in C. will take part in D. have taken part in 二、阅读理解： A A Trip to Chengdu I have been to many beautiful cities in China, but Chengdu is my favorite. I went there with my family last summer vacation and we stayed there for a week. Chengdu is the capital of Sichuan Province. It is famous for pandas. We visited the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding（成都大熊猫繁育研究基地）. There are more than 100 pandas in the base. We saw some baby pandas. They were so cute that we took lots of photos. We also watched the pandas eat bamboo. They ate slowly and looked very happy. Besides pandas, Chengdu is also famous for its delicious food. We tried Sichuan hot pot（火锅）. It was very spicy but delicious. We also ate mapo tofu and kung pao chicken. My mother bought some Sichuan tea as gifts for her friends. We also visited some other places of interest, such as Dujiangyan Irrigation System（都江堰水利工程）. It is an ancient project that was built over 2,000 years ago. It is still working today. I was surprised by the wisdom of the ancient Chinese people. I have been back from Chengdu for two months, but I still miss the city. I hope I can go there again someday. 1. How long did the writer stay in Chengdu? A. For three days. B. For a week. C. For two weeks. D. For a month. 2. What is Chengdu famous for? A. Pandas and delicious food. B. Beautiful beaches. C. Ancient buildings. D. High mountains. 3. What did the writer see in the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding? A. Baby pandas eating bamboo. B. Many old pandas sleeping. C. Pandas playing with each other. D. All of the above. 4. Which of the following is NOT true about Dujiangyan Irrigation System? A. It was built over 2,000 years ago. B. It is an ancient project. C. It doesn't work anymore. D. It shows the wisdom of the ancient Chinese people. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. The writer doesn't like spicy food. B. The writer will never go to Chengdu again. C. The writer had a good time in Chengdu. D. The writer bought some tea for himself. B Volunteers in Our Community Nowadays, more and more people are willing to be volunteers. In our community, there are about 50 volunteers. They have done a lot of things to help others. Mrs. Li is a 60-year-old volunteer. She has been a volunteer for ten years. She helps look after the children whose parents are busy working. Every afternoon, she stays in the community center and helps the children with their homework. She also tells them stories and plays games with them. The children all love her. Mr. Wang is a doctor. He has volunteered in the community hospital for five years. He gives free medical examinations（体检） to the old people every month. He also gives them advice on how to keep healthy. Many old people say that Mr. Wang is like their family doctor. Some young volunteers also join in. They help clean the community and plant trees. They also organize activities to raise money for the poor children. Last month, they raised 5,000 yuan. They sent the money to a primary school in a mountain village. The volunteers say that helping others makes them happy. They will continue to do volunteer work in the future. 1. How many volunteers are there in the writer's community? A. About 30. B. About 40. C. About 50. D. About 60. 2. How long has Mrs. Li been a volunteer? A. For five years. B. For ten years. C. For fifteen years. D. For twenty years. 3. What does Mr. Wang do for the old people? A. He helps them with their homework. B. He gives them free medical examinations. C. He cleans their houses. D. He buys them food. 4. What did the young volunteers do last month? A. They planted trees in the community. B. They helped clean the community. C. They organized a charity show. D. They raised money for a primary school. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Volunteers in the writer's community do a lot to help others. B. Mrs. Li is a kind volunteer. C. Mr. Wang is a good doctor. D. Young people should be volunteers. C Changes in My Hometown My hometown is a small village in Jiangsu Province. Great changes have taken place there in the past ten years. Ten years ago, the roads in my hometown were narrow and dirty. There were only a few small shops. People lived in old houses. Most people went to work by bike or on foot. There was no park or library in the village. Children had no place to play or read after school. Now, the roads are wide and clean. Many new houses and tall buildings have been built. There are two big supermarkets and a new park. People can go shopping in the supermarkets and take a walk in the park after dinner. A new library was built last year. It has a lot of books and computers. Children can read books and surf the Internet there. People's lives have also changed a lot. Many people have bought cars. They go to work by car. Some people have their own businesses. They become richer and richer. People also pay more attention to their health. They do exercise every morning. I have been away from my hometown for three years. I am very happy to see these changes. I hope my hometown will become more and more beautiful in the future. 1. Where is the writer's hometown? A. In Zhejiang Province. B. In Jiangsu Province. C. In Shandong Province. D. In Anhui Province. 2. What were the roads like in the writer's hometown ten years ago? A. Wide and clean. B. Narrow and dirty. C. Wide but dirty. D. Narrow but clean. 3. What was built last year in the writer's hometown? A. A new park. B. Two big supermarkets. C. A new library. D. Many tall buildings. 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. People lived in old houses ten years ago. B. There was a park in the village ten years ago. C. Many people have bought cars now. D. People do exercise every morning now. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. The writer doesn't like his hometown. B. The writer will never go back to his hometown. C. The writer's hometown has changed a lot. D. People in the writer's hometown are not happy now. D The Development of Mobile Phones Mobile phones have become an important part of our lives. They have changed a lot in the past few decades（几十年）. The first mobile phone was invented in 1973. It was very big and heavy. It could only be used to make calls. It was very expensive and only a few people could afford it. In the 1990s, mobile phones became smaller and lighter. They could not only make calls but also send messages. Some of them could play simple games. More and more people started to use mobile phones. Since the 2000s, smart phones have appeared. They are like small computers. People can use them to surf the Internet, take photos, watch videos and listen to music. They can also use them to pay for things and order food online. Smart phones have made our lives more convenient. Now, 5G technology is developing rapidly. It will make our smart phones faster and more powerful. We can use them to do many things that we couldn't do before. For example, we can have video calls with people around the world in real time. We can also control our home appliances（家用电器） from far away. Mobile phones have changed our lives greatly. I believe they will become even better in the future. 1. When was the first mobile phone invented? A. In 1973. B. In 1980. C. In 1990. D. In 2000. 2. What could the first mobile phone do? A. Send messages. B. Play games. C. Make calls. D. Surf the Internet. 3. When did smart phones appear? A. In the 1970s. B. In the 1990s. C. Since the 2000s. D. In 2020. 4. What can people use smart phones to do now? A. Surf the Internet and take photos. B. Watch videos and listen to music. C. Pay for things and order food online. D. All of the above. 5. What is the passage mainly about? A. The inventor of mobile phones. B. The development of mobile phones. C. How to use mobile phones. D. The disadvantages of mobile phones. 一、首字母填空： 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Project: Green City Survey Our class has s____1____ a project called "Green City Survey". We want to find out how our city has c____2____ in terms of environmental protection（环境保护） in the past ten years. We have i____3____ 200 people in our city and collected a lot of data（数据）. Ten years ago, the air quality in our city was not very good. There were many factories that p____4____ waste gas into the air. People often wore masks when they went out. The sky was often gray. Now, the government has c____5____ some polluting factories. They have also b____6____ more parks and planted more trees. The air quality has improved a lot. The sky is blue most of the time. Ten years ago, the rivers in our city were very dirty. People t____7____ rubbish into the rivers. The water was black and smelly. There were no fish in the rivers. Now, the government has built sewage treatment plants（污水处理厂） and fined people who pollute rivers. The rivers are clean now. Ten years ago, there was no waste sorting（垃圾分类）. Now, waste sorting has been p____8____ in our city. The government has built waste recycling centers. The amount of waste has been r____9____ a lot. Ten years ago, public transportation was poor. Now, the government has built more bus lines and two subway lines. The public transportation is very c____10____. More and more people choose to take public transport to work. We think our city has become greener and more beautiful. We hope it will be even better in the future. 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $