摘要:
**基本信息**
聚焦现在完成时持续动作用法,通过结构化语法梳理与梯度练习,系统构建"概念-结构-标志词-辨析"的完整认知体系,提升语言运用与思维辨析能力。
**专项设计**
|模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑|
|----|-----------|----------|----------|
|语法梳理|结构表格+4类since用法+for用法+区别对比|系统归纳现在完成时"主语+have/has+过去分词"结构规则、since/for时间标志词用法及与一般过去时的差异|从概念定义(持续动作)到结构形式(肯定/否定/疑问),再到时间状语(since/for)应用,形成"概念-形式-语境"认知链|
|专项练习|单项选择30题+填空15题|通过语境辨析时态标志词(yet/since/for/already),强化"时间状语-时态匹配"思维|从基础结构应用到时间状语综合判断,覆盖中考高频考点(since+从句、for+时段等),提升语言运用精准度|
内容正文:
Unit8 Making a Difference重点语法专练
现在完成时(二)
现在完成时表示从过去已经开始、持续到现在的动作或状态,常与“since+ 过去的时间点或从句”或“for+ 一段时间”连用。
1、现在完成时的基本结构
肯定句
主语 + have/has + 过去分词
肯定句
否定句
主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词
否定句
一般疑问句及回答
Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+have/has.
否定回答:No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t.
一般疑问句及回答
例句:
She has cleaned the room. 她打扫了房间。
He hasn’t finished his homework. 他没完成他的作业。
—Have they lived here for 5 years? 他们在这里住了5 年吗?
—Yes, they have. 是的,他们住了 5 年。/No, they haven’t. 不,他们没有。
2、现在完成时的时间标志词since 的用法
(1) since + 过去具体时间点:作介词,后接具体的年、月、日期,表示动作从该时间点持续到现在。
I have worked here since 2000. 我从2000 年就在这里工作。
(2)since + 一段时间 +ago:表示从过去某一时间开始延续到现在。要和现在完成时连用。
He has lived here since five years ago. 他从五年前就住在这里。
(3)since + 时间状语从句:作为连词,引导从句表示动作的起始时间,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。
I haven’t seen him since he moved to Beijing.
自从他搬到北京我就没有见到过他。
(4)It is / has been + 一段时间 + since 从句:固定句式,意为“自……以来已经过了……时间”,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。
It is two years since I graduated . 我毕业已有两年了。
It has been three months since she called last time.
她上次打电话已经过去了三个月。
3、现在完成时的时间标志词for 的用法
for 是介词,后面加表示一段时间的短语,强调过去某一时刻开始到现在的一段时间。
I have studied in this school for two years.
我在这所学校学习有两年了。
4、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时强调的是现在的情况,不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,与现在无关,可和表示过去的时间状语连用。
练习题
1、 单项选择
1. —______ you signed up to help out at the nursing home yet?
A. Do B. Did C. Have D. Will
2. We ______ out pocket money to the charity since last month.
A. hand B. handed C. have handed D. will hand
3. The volunteer ______ three donations for the shelter already.
A. collect B. has collected C. collects D. collected
4. My elder sister ______ in the army as a soldier ever since she left youth school.
A. serve B. served C. has served D. will serve
5. People ______ the practical life-saving cage for missing pets so far.
A. use B. used C. have used D. uses
6. The interviewer ______ familiar with ordinary audience after years of work.
A. become B. has become C. became D. becomes
7. They ______ great effort on teamwork and have got big success already.
A. put B. have put C. puts D. will put
8. The lady and gentleman ______ warmly donated goods to the poor in need these days.
A. completely B. have completely C. are complete D. completed
9. Nobody ______ the value of voluntary work since the charity opened.
A. doubt B. has doubted C. doubted D. doubts
10. —Has the talented adult ______ an advertisement for the primary class?
A. make B. made C. makes D. making
11. We ______ active in helping out at the shelter ever since last summer.
A. are B. were C. have been D. will be
12. The Blue Sky Rescue ______ lots of missing animals completely already.
A. find B. found C. has found D. finds
13. Volunteers ______ most of all learned to bark like dogs to comfort scared pets for months.
A. have B. had C. has D. having
14. Madam Robert ______ willing to give away pocket money to charity since 2023.
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
15. They ______ many practical plans for the nursing home so far.
A. design B. designed C. have designed D. designs
16. The soldier ______ donations from Argentina and the Philippines already.
A. receive B. has received C. receives D. received
17. Youth students ______ out food to people in need these three weeks.
A. hand B. have handed C. handed D. will hand
18. ______ she ever worked as an interviewer for the charity activity?
A. Has B. Does C. Did D. Will
19. The successful volunteer ______ the worth of voluntary work for a long time.
A. realize B. has realized C. realized D. realizes
20. We ______ teamwork to finish the life-saving task since last week.
A. use B. used C. have used D. uses
21. Ordinary audience ______ lots of advertisements about the shelter recently.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. sees
22. The elder gentleman ______ his spare money as donation ever since he retired.
A. give B. has given C. gave D. gives
23. People ______ completely changed their opinions on voluntary work so far.
A. have B. are C. were D. will be
24. The talented youth ______ in need of help, and we have helped him already.
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
25. Nurses in the nursing home ______ out daily supplies for years.
A. hand B. have handed C. handed D. hands
26. Nobody ______ the cage’s practical value until they have used it.
A. found B. has found C. find D. finds
27. They ______ great success in primary charity projects already.
A. get B. have got C. got D. gets
28. The lady ______ familiar with all volunteers in the shelter ever since the charity started.
A. get B. got C. has got D. will get
29. We ______ many kinds of donations recently.
A. accept B. have accepted C. accepted D. accepts
30. The army soldiers ______ warm-hearted help to the homeless in the shelter these months.
A. offer B. have offered C. offered D. offers
2、 根据所给词适当形式填空
1. We ____________ (hand) out pocket money to the charity already.
2. The volunteer ____________ (donate) three boxes of clothes to the shelter ever since last year.
3. My elder brother ____________ (serve) as a soldier in the army for five years.
4. The interviewer ____________ (become) familiar with ordinary audience so far.
5. They ____________ (put) lots of effort into teamwork and got great success.
6. Nobody ____________ (realize) the value of voluntary work since the nursing home opened.
7. Blue Sky Rescue ____________ (find) many missing pets with practical life-saving cages recently.
8. The lady and gentleman ____________ (sign) up to help out in need for months.
9. This talented adult ____________ (make) an advertisement for primary charity activity already.
10. Youth students ____________ (be) active in voluntary work ever since last summer.
11. People ____________ (receive) many donations from Argentina and the Philippines these weeks.
12. The successful volunteer ____________ (prove) the worth of voluntary work completely.
13. We ____________ (use) teamwork to finish lots of life-saving tasks since last month.
14. Madam ____________ (give) her spare money as donation to poor people already.
15. Ordinary people ____________ (see) many ads about the local shelter recently.
答案:
1、 单项选择
1. C 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.C
6.B 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.B
11.C 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.C
16.B 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.C
21.C 22.B 23.A 24.C 25.B
26.B 27.B 28.C 29.B 30.B
二、根据所给词适当形式填空
1. have handed
2. has donated
3. has served
4. has become
5. have put
6. has realized
7. has found
8. have signed
9. has made
10. have been
11. have received
12. has proved
13. have used
14. has given
15. have seen
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