专题04 阅读理解议论文+新闻报道（期末真题汇编，福建专用）高二英语下学期

**基本信息** 本试卷为高二下期末英语阅读理解汇编，精选福建多校期末真题，涵盖社会公德、环境保护、AI科技等10个主题，素材真实且贴近时代，如Meta Llama 4发布、客家竹雕传承等，考查细节理解、推理判断等能力，适配期末复习需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（选择题）|10篇40题|社会热点（如AI伦理）、文化传承（如竹雕）、生态保护（如鸟类迁徙）|情境时代性（如Llama 4 AI模型）；问题层次分明（从细节题到主旨题，如因纽特人文化与环境关系推理）；贴近高考命题趋势，注重思维品质考查|

专题04 阅读理解（议论文+新闻报道） 主题01 人与社会——社会公德与诚信 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·福建泉州四校·期末） There’s a popular saying that if only one voice is allowed to exist; then that one voice must be a lie. This quote couldn’t be more relevant now, as many businesses and platforms are using shady practices to silence negative feedback and ensure only those voices benefiting them remain. This practice is so-called “artificial review boosting”, and has been influencing objectivity in reviews ever since. Its origin dates back to the 20th century when businesses would hand out free samples to obtain a better reputation. However, the practice rises to a new extreme with the emergence of e-commerce platforms. Many online businesses do whatever it takes to ensure high-rating scores, either through giving bonuses and rewards to customers who leave a good review or through bothering and threatening those who leave a negative one. This behavior is not only morally corrupt but also illegal, and it is absurd that many consumers feel they can’t leave negative feedback out of fear that businesses will cause trouble. It’s apparent that this problem is getting out of hand, but how can we fix it? Regulator intervention would certainly help. There should be a tougher crackdown on illegal practices, and e-commerce platforms should be required to protect the privacy of their users. Nevertheless, this is just a small part of the changes needed, as the rating system as a whole needs restructuring. That’s because this system rewards dishonest sellers rather than those selling quality products, and e-commerce platforms, with their profits unaffected, turn a blind eye to its faults. Against all odds, honest feedback has persisted and people who voice their true opinions still exist, but they are becoming rarer. There’s an old saying that if you put a frog in boiling water, it will leap out, but if you cook the frog slowly in warm water, it won’t notice being cooked alive. We consumers are just like frogs — it’s easy for us to fight together against terrible acts robbing our freedom, but we often ignore when the same freedom is gradually taken from us. There will be no grand coup de grace (致命一击) that ends honest feedback. Companies will just let it fade away slowly but we mustn’t allow that to happen because consumers play a more important role in keeping honest feedback. 1．What is the main issue discussed in the text? A．The illegal practices of consumers. B．The history of e-commerce platforms. C．The benefits of free samples for businesses. D．The decline of honest feedback due to artificial review boosting. 2．How do businesses ensure high-rating scores according to the text? A．By improving product quality. B．By cooperating with regulators. C．By restructuring the rating system. D．By rewarding positive reviews and threatening negative reviewers. 3．What does the frog analogy imply about consumers? A．They are as adaptable as frogs in hot water. B．They are easily frightened by sudden threats. C．They fail to notice the gradual loss of their freedom. D．They should fight against terrible acts immediately. 4．What does the author suggest about the current rating system? A．It effectively promotes honest sellers. B．It prioritizes dishonest sellers over honest ones. C．It has been improved by e-commerce platforms. D．It is unaffected by consumer feedback and product quality. 主题02人与自然——环境保护与资源利用 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·漳州一中·期末） When you’re driving around the same block, keeping searching, because there’s nowhere to park your car, any suggestion that America devotes too much space to parking might seem foolish. But consider this: in a typical year, the country builds more three-car garages than one-bedroom apartments. Even the crowded cities reserve lots of street space to store private vehicles. And local laws across the country require house and apartment builders to provide off-street parking, whether residents need it. Step back to assess the result: it’s obvious that more square footage is devoted to parking each car than to housing each person. That Americans like driving is hardly news, but all the above talking isn’t finding fault with cars. The complaint is about parking — or, more to the point, about everything we have given up for it. Over the years, cities and towns have torn down grand old structures to make way for it. All those 9-foot-by-18-foot rectangles of asphalt (柏油路) haven’t only damaged the environment or these once-valued architectural styles, but also upset the crucial social goal of housing affordability. This misplaced priority has put the country in a bind. For decades, even as rents rocketed and climate change worsened, the prevalence (盛行) of parking spaces discouraged anyone from noticing their social impact. But the parking space has been eating up our living space for sure, with or without our knowledge. Here an optimist may give the excuse that some of the country’s largest cities have no choice but to renegotiate the relationship among people, cars, and parking spaces. However, parking space’s conquering the city in the 20th century was already so complete that, in the 21st, people need to recognize that the rules have to change, and that the constant promotion of parking spaces is already weakening cities and crowding out other needs. Some of the most consequential social problems are the ones hiding in plain sight, but parking isn’t even hiding. It’s just everywhere — for us to take seriously. 1．In which section can we most probably read this passage? A．Travel. B．Features. C．Front page. D．Public welfare. 2．（The underlined phrase in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______. A．lead the country to trouble B．discourage residents from buying cars C．annoy the local residents D．weaken the country’s overall strength 3．What can we imply about parking space’s role in the 20th century cities? A．It failed to meet the growing parking demands. B．It completely dominated urban planning priorities. C．It was a necessary renegotiation by the city government. D．It unexpectedly brought about problems to people’s daily life. 4．What can be concluded from the passage? A．America should continue expanding parking though it is harmful. B．Cities in the 21st century should absolutely stop building more garages. C．Excessive parking space is damaging the society so it should be limited. D．Housing and other problems are not as urgent as insufficient parking space. 主题03人与自然——气候变化的影响 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·福建南安成功中学·期末） It is not just the environment and the economy that are threatened by a warmer climate, but also culture and traditions around the world. Researchers at Lund University in Sweden have mapped what little is known about how climate change is gradually destroying local knowledge and cultural heritage. “We risk losing the memory of native people’s ways of life without this type of documentation,” says Guy Jackson at Lund University, one of the authors of a literature study. One conclusion of the study is that cultural heritage is primarily seen as something of material value, such as a historic building, and the loss is seen as a potential future problem, even though there is evidence that it is already happening. Focusing on material losses means that important traditions and knowledge systems are overlooked. “There are also many non-material losses that are valuable for both individual identity and group identity,” says Guy Jackson. The study shows a clear connection between loss of native cultural heritage and changes in the natural environment. For example, songs and working methods change when groups lose traditions linked to a physical location. One scientific article points out that identity is closely linked to the environment, “ Inuit people (因纽特人) in Canada are people of sea ice. If there is no. more sea ice, how can they be people of sea ice?” Loss of traditions and cultural heritage can make it more difficult to deal with climate change, and weaken social togetherness, as people lose touch with traditional ways of life. It also raises the question whether we can expect native people to protect and preserve rainforests and other ecosystems. The researchers hope that the literature study can read to more targeted research. They want to see a larger focus on how to handle, minimize and tackle future losses. “Science should contribute by developing practical solutions and strategies that help with adaptation to the losses that have already happened,” Guy Jackson concludes. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Climate change causes cultural loss. B．The economy affects the environment. C．Cultural loss is a current problem. D．The native people are being forgotten. 2．What does the study show about the loss of native cultural heritage? A．It is seriously overestimated by scientists. B．It has brought great damage to Canadians. C．It has transformed global working methods. D．It is closely related to environmental changes. 3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about concerning the loss of traditions and cultural heritage? A．Its natural origins. B．Its negative results. C．Its potential reasons. D．Its effective solutions. 4．（What is the main idea of the text? A．The unknown threats to the local knowledge. B．The practical solutions to some cultural issues. C．The climate change’s effect on culture and traditions. D．The various losses of important culture and traditions. 主题04人与自我——职业规划与工作生活平衡 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·福建南安一中·期末） Rare is the CEO who praises the virtues of a lie- in. According to one survey, two- thirds of the CEOs of large American companies are up by 6 o’ clock; for average Americans the share is less than one in three. For future corporate leaders, the message seems clear: you snooze (打盹), you lose. Bartleby has no such ambitions. But he’s experimented with early starts, and found they not only bring the sense of satisfaction that comes from arriving before your editor. Inboxes can be cleared and tricky problems solved before the flood of emails and meetings, leaving you feeling well prepared for the day ahead. Early birds are certainly held in higher regard. Rolling into the office late is unacceptable in most workplaces. A study published in 2022 found night owls (猫头鹰) were perceived by respondents as being “lazy”, “undisciplined” and “immature”. Rising early is not, though, all upside. Those ready to receive work when the boss arrives may be given more of it. If the early bird gets the worm, the clever worm stays in bed. Urgent tasks often come up during the day, meaning early arrivals may end up working just as late as other colleagues. Waking before sun rise also risks turning you into a bore. Some early risers cannot resist describing how much they get done while night owls hit the snooze button. Others go home early rather than socialize. Night owls, by contrast, let loose. In the eyes of many, late nights are the preserve of youth, while early mornings are seen as for the elderly. Efforts to change your circadian (昼夜节律的) rhythm are likely to end in disappointment, as it is largely a product of genes. Perhaps the best advice is to stop worrying about your body clock. Most people are neither early birds nor night owls, but in between, struggling both in the morning and late evening. That is why most offices operate between 9 and 5— and why they ought to have break rooms. 1．Why does the writer mention the survey in paragraph 1? A．To illustrate the harmful effects of snoozing. B．To praise the healthy sleeping habit of the CEOs. C．To tell the difference between CEOs and average workers. D．To show the possible link between early rising and success. 2．What does paragraph 2 focus on? A．The feelings of early risers. B．The challenges on a workday. C．The benefits of getting up early. D．The preparations before work. 3．What can be a downside of being an early bird? A．Poor public image. B．Increased workload. C．Hug e social pressure. D．Decreased productivity. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Why Do CEOs Prefer Early Mornings? B．How Can We Change Our Body Clock? C．What Is the Science Behind Early Rising? D．Is It Better to Be an Early Bird or a Night Owl? 主题05人与社会——心理学效应与团队精神 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·福州四中·期末） Love and encouragement from others can make us feel our best. But can they also help us perform our best? By taking advantage of a unique situation in the world of football, economist Patricio Dalton and his team were able to demonstrate that moral support significantly affects performance. Although moral support is such an important part of daily interaction, there's little scientific proof of the effect it has on behavior. Dalton addresses this gap in a new research paper, revealing that even in the football stadium — a competitive labor environment where high performance is rewarded with high pay — moral support matters. Demonstrating a cause-and-effect relationship between moral support and behavior is difficult, Dalton explains, because moral support isn't easily controlled in an experiment. “The major challenge lies in the fact that moral support is essentially endogenous (内生的) . People choose whether to supply or demand moral support, the extent of it, to whom to supply it and from whom to demand it. The paper addresses this challenge by taking advantage of an exogenous (外因的) negative shock on moral support caused by an unexpected change of law in the Argentinean football league.” Following an incident involving a football supporter's death, Argentina placed a ban that prohibited visiting team supporters from attending first division games. This provided the perfect conditions for a natural experiment, allowing the researchers to examine the impact of moral support on behavior in a real-world setting. Analyzing data from 1, 320 games played both before and after the ban, the researchers found that the probability of a visiting team losing a game increases by 20%, and the visiting team conceding (让得分) more goals than the home team rises by 1. 3 times. The researchers establish that the observed decline in performance is due to the absence of moral support. What's also striking is that smaller teams are most affected by the lack of moral support, while bigger teams experience decline in performance only when facing opponents with equal strength. This suggests that moral support makes up for the power imbalance between teams. The study reveals a strong influence of moral support and its significance in unlocking human potential. “If moral support can make such a big difference in the world of professional football, what could it do in regular workplaces?” Dalton says. 1．What does “a unique situation” underlined in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The death of a football supporter. B．The experiment on moral support. C．The performances of visiting teams. D．The ban on visiting team supporters. 2．How did the researchers examine the relationship between moral support and behavior? A．In a natural way. B．In an unusual way. C．By supplying moral support. D．By interviewing football supporters. 3．What does Dalton’s research reveal about moral support? A．It can make a difference in many areas of life. B．It keeps a balance between big football teams. C．The impact of lacking it varies from team to team. D．The absence of it makes no difference to a home team. 4．Which of the following best describes moral support? A．It makes one feel good. B．It’s a performance enhancer. C．It develops good relationships. D．It’s a cure for behavior problems. 主题06人与自我—— 情感、态度与价值观 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·福建南安一中·期末） It is William Shakespeare, the great coiner, who is given credit for the word. Coriolanus, one of his characters, compares going into exile (流放) to a “lonely dragon” retiring to his cave. He was talking about a physical state: someone who was lonely was simply alone. Then, thanks to the Romantic poets, the word took on emotional meanings. Loneliness became a condition of the soul. For William Wordsworth, who famously “wandered lonely as a cloud”, the natural world offered an escape from negative feelings of loneliness — a host of flowers could provide “cheerful company”. Today, loneliness is often seen as a serious public-health problem, creating the feeling of disconnection. In his book Solitude, Netta Weinstein, a psychology professor wonders the rewards of time spent alone. He begins with an account of stories of solitude created by figures such as Michel Montaigne, a writer, and Edward Hopper, a painter. Netta then draw on laboratory work, interviews and surveys to clarify how being alone really affects the human mind. It is common to treat loneliness and solitude as synonyms (同义词), but they are not. The author suggests that what is negatively described as one state can be positively expressed as the other. Loneliness, often perceived as negative, can potentially be transformed into a positive experience of solitude. To this end he emphasizes how being alone can help restore people and offers practical advice. In a noisy world, he argues, people should make time to be alone, away from attention-grabbing motives. The book’s interviewees mostly regard a lack of company as a contributor to autonomy (自主). But this depends on whether solitude is desirable or not. Enforced solitude, such as that experienced by prisoners, typically leads to nothing but suffering. Elective solitude, by contrast, affords space for self-reflection. It can open the door to “peak experiences” such as wonder, harmony, and happiness. However, it is a pity that in a highly-connected digital age, many readers don’t like their chances of ever taking a long enough break to have such experiences. 1．How does paragraph 1 introduce the concept of loneliness? A．By tracing its development. B．By analyzing causes. C．By making a point to be argued. D．By sharing a romantic story. 2．What does Netta Weinstein’s book Solitude focus on? A．The various terms of solitude. B．The societal impact of solitude. C．The long-standing history of solitude. D．The psychological benefits of solitude. 3．Netta describes the state of loneliness as _______. A．stressful B．essential C．changeable D．harmful 4．What does Netta most probably agree with according to the last paragraph? A．Enforced solitude is a matter of choice. B．Enforced solitude contributes to autonomy. C．Elective solitude is rare in the digital world. D．Elective solitude interrupts peak experiences. 主题07人与社会—— 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·福建宁德·期末） In Ganzhou, Jiangxi province, 58-year-old Guo Yingxiong is breathing new life into Hakka bamboo carving. In his workshops, the bamboo seems to come alive with his skilled hands-everyday scenes unfold, like a tea seller carrying his goods or young lovers sitting by the water. These creations represent more than art. They form a living bridge between the ancient art of Hakka bamboo carving and the modern world that Guo has upheld for over four decades. Bamboo carving has deep cultural roots. While its origins date back to the Six Dynasties period, the art was well received by people during the Tang Dynasty, before achieving its golden age during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, when scholars praised bamboo for symbolizing strength and honesty. Song Dynasty Sushi wrote that he would rather dine without meat than live without bamboo. Among regional styles, Hakka bamboo carving stood out by mixing traditional calligraphy with creative designs. In 2010, it was listed as a provincial-level intangible (非物质的) cultural heritage in Jiangxi. Guo’s exposure to the art began young-he learned from his father, who taught him strict rules, like using only winter-cut bamboo and memorizing over 50 steps to prepare the material before carving. With tireless practices, he mastered various sculpting techniques, establishing himself as a pioneer in preserving and advancing Jiangxi’s carving heritage. To keep the tradition alive, Guo opened Ganzhou’s first Hakka bamboo carving workshop in 2017. There, he made custom pieces and taught students. One of his students, Han Lu, even started studying the craft’s history after being inspired by him. Besides, he also created smaller, cheaper items like bamboo bookmarks and mixed traditional skills with modem designs to attract younger people. Through such efforts, he hopes to secure a brighter future for the art, one careful cut at a time. 1．Why are Guo’s creations mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To praise his remarkable carving skills. B．To highlight the art’s connection to daily life. C．To picture ancient and modern artistic styles. D．To stress his efforts to preserve the ancient art. 2．In which period did bamboo carving become popular? A．The Six Dynasties. B．The Tang Dynasty. C．The Ming Dynasty. D．The Song Dynasty. 3．What distinguished Hakka bamboo carving from other regional styles? A．Complex material preparations. B．The symbol of bamboo carving. C．Careful and strict practices for decades. D．A combination of tradition and innovation 4．How did Guo preserve bamboo carving? A．By teaching people calligraphy. B．By using only winter-cut bamboo. C．By getting young people involved in it. D．By studying its history with his students. 主题08人与自我——个人成长与职业选择 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·福建龙岩·期末） From the hustle (忙碌) of city offices to the mud-filled reality of pigsties, 26-year-old Sun Shuangshuang, a “college student pig farmer”, represents a new idealism among young people today — grounding herself in the land and using innovation to empower local villagers. Sun runs a pig farm in her small village in Yingshan county, Hubei while managing the Douyin account “Black Pig Run Run”, where her 626,000 followers get a glimpse into her unconventional life. When asked if returning to rural farming was a waste of her education, she laughed and said, “There are so many choices in life. It’s time to shed the long robe of Kong Yiji” “People love watching us share bits of daily life, like gardening, cooking, and carrying feed,” Sun said, noting that many of her followers long for this “leisurely and free” lifestyle. The path of business building hasn’t always been smooth. In July 2023, an outbreak of swine fever destroyed Sun's pig farm. But just when things seemed most difficult to Sun, help arrived. Yingshan’s technology and agriculture bureaus sent experts to provide on-site guidance for disease control and recovery, and the county government funded 1 million yuan for the construction of a new farm. The new pig farm is currently under development, featuring three modern pigsties with a capacity for 1,200 pigs, along with mechanized feeding equipment. For Sun, using her professional knowledge to open markets and promote rural values is the true purpose of her education. Every two weeks, she hosts a livestream to promote and sell local products. So far, she has helped more than 50 households sell over 50,000 yuan worth of homema de goods. “The countryside doesn’t lack people who can grow crops or raise livestock,” she said. “What it lacks are people who know how to sell those products.” In response to the question what it means to return to the rural areas to start a business, Sun’s reply is simple, “Just to stay and live in the countryside.” 1．What does “shed the long robe of Kong Yiji” underlined in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Hold on to old traditions. B．Pursue the ancient lifestyle. C．Cherish the image of scholars. D．Quit being a traditional scholar. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Government’s role in pig industry. B．Severe losses caused by pig disease. C．Setbacks and support on Sun’s farm. D．Sun’s financial management in pig raising. 3．Which of the following can best describe Sun? A．Humble and ambitious. B．Cautious and conservative. C．Confident and self-disciplined. D．Innovative and responsible. 4．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．A Rising Social Media Star B．Challenges and Opportunities C．The Magic of Online Selling D．From City Life to Rural Roots 主题09人与社会——科技创新与人工智能 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·漳州平和广兆中学·期末） Meta Platforms, the company behind Facebook, released its newest Llama 4 AI models at the weekend, following two delays, stepping up the fight with OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Chinese competitor DeepSeek. Llama 4 has two versions, Llama 4 Scout and Llama 4 Maverick systems, which can process and integrate various types of data. They are now available for developers to try on Meta’s apps and the Meta.ai website. The launch marks “the beginning of a new era for the Llama ecosystem”. These models are open-weight ones, which means they can handle different kinds of media, not just text. They can work with videos, images, and audio too. The company claimed the models are “best in class”, better than competitors like OpenAI’s GPT4.0 and Gemini 2.0 Flash. The news agency explained one of the reasons for the delay was that Llama 4 was not meeting the company’s expectations on technical standards such as reasoning and math tasks. Meta was also concerned that Llama 4 is not as capable as OpenAI’s models when it comes to conducting human-like voice conversations. Meta has stated it plans to invest $60 billion to $65 billion in 2025 to broaden its AI infrastructure. During Meta’s Q4 2024 earnings call, the CEO, Mark Zuckerberg, talked about Llama 4. He said it was natively multimodal (多模态的) and had agentic capabilities. “This is going to be something new and exciting. It will open up a whole bunch of new ways we can use it.” he added. 1．What does the article mainly discuss? A．The history of Meta’s AI development. B．Challenges in creating voice-based AI assistants. C．Global investment trends in Chinese tech companies. D．Meta’s new AI release and its competitive goals. 2．What contributes to the delays in Llama 4’s release? A．High production costs. B．Limited user testing opportunities. C．Relatively weak analytical abilities. D．Incapability in voice conversations. 3．What can we learn about Meta’s future AI development? A．Meta will invest heavily to advance its AI models. B．Meta aims to focus on improving text-based AI. C．Meta will abandon open-weight models. D．Meta plans to cooperate with Chinese companies. 4．How does Meta’s CEO view Llama 4’s potential? A．He doubts its ability to compete with OpenAI. B．He believes it will create entirely new applications. C．He criticizes its focus on multimodal features. D．He worries about its high development costs. 主题10人与社会——职业精神与文物保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·福建南安一中·期末） Whenever Song Jing visits a museum, she will check out the section on ancient books. Besides appreciating the wisdom hidden in these historical volumes, she also focuses on how they are bound (装帧) and presented. “It’s more like a force of habit caused by my job,” said Song. This 34-year-old “book doctor” has been working in the restoration department for ancient books at the National Library of China in Beijing, since she finished her cultural relic protection studies course at Peking University in 2015. Up to now, she has been engaged in restoring more than 100 ancient cultural relies. At the moment, Song and her colleagues are working on restoring a copy of Yongle Dadian, an encyclopedia created in 1408. Unfortunately, most of its books that have survived until today have suffered damage to their original binding. “To rest ore them to their original form, we need to gather information from various sources, such as images and texts, before we can make sure their original binding style and repair them accordingly,” she explained. Moreover, the ancient encyclopedia’s silk texture and color have both grown inconsistent, which makes creating the necessary raw materials and matching the color difficult. In the past, restorers had to rely on their experience to determine the appropriate materials to use for a project. As technology has evolved, they are able to use a new method to finish the task through microscopes. However, technology can only help so much, as ancient books restoration still requires essential manual skills, including cutting and brushing paper and binding. Apart from this, the restoration also requires strong control when brushing the paper. “If the pressure is not properly controlled during the brushing process, the paper may tear, but if the touch is too light, the paper won’t adhere (黏附),” Song explained. Owing to the meaningful and complex process, the ancient books restoration technique of the national library was listed as a national-level intangible cultural heritage in 2008. “Hopefully, I can be of some help in inspiring more young people to find their lifelong passion in the field of cultural heritage preservation,” said Song. 1．Why is Song Jing called a “book doctor”? A．She works in the restoration department. B．She focuses on the binding of ancient books. C．She is devoted to the ancient books restoration. D．She enjoys checking out ancient books in a museum. 2．What is a challenge in the restoration of the encyclopedia? A．Editing texts B．Gathering images C．Going with the color D．Identifying raw materials 3．Which of the following can best describe Song? A．dedicated and careful B．unselfish and cautious C．diligent and ambitious D．determined and creative 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To relate a story B．To introduce a “book doctor” C．To share a passion D．To protect the cultural heritage 主题01人与自然——环境保护与可持续发展 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·福州第三中学·期末） Building good transportation is a good idea. To have environmental value, new transportation has to sufficiently replace or eliminate driving to cut energy consumption overall. That means that a new traffic system has to be supported by reduction in car use. Traffic lanes should be eliminated or converted into bike or bus lanes. Ideally, these should be combined with higher fuel taxes, and parking fees. Needless to say, I have to struggle to make myself extensively understood. But they’re necessary, because you can’t make people drive less, in the long run, by taking steps that make driving more pleasant, economical, and productive. Lengthy commuting (通勤) time is a forceful factor which can slow the growth of suburbs. The farther people live away from cities, the longer commuting time they need, which means more pollution their cars produce. If, in a misguided effort to do something of environmental value, governments take steps that make long-distance car commuting faster or more convenient—by adding lanes, building bypass, employing traffic-control measures that make it possible for existing roads to accommodate more cars with fewer delays—we are actually encouraging people to live still farther from their jobs, stores, and schools. As a result, governments are forced to further extend road networks, water lines, and other facilities. If you cut commuting time by 10 percent, people who now drive fifty miles each way to work can find reason to move five miles farther out, because their travel time won’t change. Traffic congestion (拥堵) isn’t an environmental problem; traffic is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make the real problem worse. Highway engineers have known for a long time that building new car lanes only temporarily reduces congestion, because the new lanes add additional driving. Widening roads makes traffic move faster in the short term, but the improved conditions eventually attract additional drivers, and congestion reappears. With more car on the roads, people think about widening roads again. Moving drivers out of cars and into other forms of transportation can have the same effect, if existing traffic lanes are kept in service: road space stimulates road use. One of the arguments that cities inevitably make in promoting transportation plans is that the new system, by relieving automobile congestion, will improve the lives of those who continue to drive. No one ever promotes a transportation system by arguing that it would make travelling less convenient—even though, from an environmental perspective, inconvenient travel is a worthy goal. 1．In the first paragraph, the author gives us the hint that his recommendations are ______. A．not widely supported B．costly to carry out C．generally recognized D．temporarily beneficial 2．According to the passage, what will happen if commuting time for drivers is reduced? A．Drivers will become more productive employees. B．Mass transportation will be extended farther into suburban areas. C．Drivers will be more willing to live farther from their working place. D．Mass transportation will carry fewer passengers and receive less government funding. 3．Which of the following can be inferred about the author’s attitude towards the measures to improve traffic? A．They are environmentally beneficial and should be carried out immediately. B．They are well intentioned but ultimately lead to environmental harm. C．They will definitely arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection. D．They will only work if they can make driving more economical and productive. 4．The author wrote this massage mainly to ______. A．support the claim that efforts to reduce traffic actually increase traffic. B．oppose the belief that improving mass transportation systems is good for the environment. C．provide a balance between suburban expansion and traffic congestion. D．indicate that making driving less agreeable is a way to reduce negative effects of traffic. 主题02人与自我——消费观念与生活哲学 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·福州第三中学·期末） We have to make certain our limited money is well spent. But what should we spend our money on? A 20-year study conducted by Dr. Gilovich, a professor at Cornell University, reached a powerful and straightforward conclusion: don't spend your money on things. The trouble with things is that the happiness they provide peters out. We get used to new possessions, and what once seemed exciting quickly becomes the norm. We keep raising the bar and always look for an even better one. Possessions, by their nature, cause comparisons. We buy a new car and are thrilled with it until a friend buys a better one — and there's always someone with a better one. Most of us usually assume that the happiness we get from buying something will last as long as the thing itself. It seems intuitive (直觉的) that investing in something we can see, hear, and touch on a permanent basis delivers the best value. But it's not the case at all. Gilovich has found that experiences deliver more-lasting happiness than things. Experiences become a part of our identity. Everyone's experience is unique. We are not our possessions, but we are the accumulation of everything we’ve seen, the things we’ve done, and the places we’ve been to. “Our experiences are a bigger part of ourselves than our material goods,” said Gilovich. “You can really like your material stuff. You can even think that part of your identity is connected to those things, but they remain separate from you. In contrast, your experiences really are part of you. We are the sum total of our experiences.” Besides, we don't compare experiences in the same way that we compare things. It’s hard to quantify the relative value of any two experiences, which makes them that much more enjoyable. And expectation of an experience causes excitement and enjoyment, while expectation of obtaining a possession causes impatience. Experiences are enjoyable from the very first moments of planning, all the way through to the memories you keep forever. The temporary happiness achieved by buying things can be regarded as “puddles of pleasure”. In other words, that kind of happiness evaporates quickly and leaves us wanting more. Things may last longer than experiences, but the memories that remain are what matter most. 1．Which one can replace the underlined words in paragraph 2? A．Dies away. B．Is too little. C．Is not real. D．Costs too much. 2．What does Gilovich think of experiences? A．Experiences deliver less-lasting happiness than things. B．Experiences can exist in our memory forever. C．Our experiences take up all parts of ourselves. D．Our experiences are what separate us from others. 3．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Spiritual wealth is of great value to us. B．Experiences can be compared with each other. C．Expecting an experience increases our feeling of anxiety. D．People are more likely to be impatient when buying things. 4．Which is the main idea of the passage? A．How can we gain happiness with money? B．How can we make happiness last long? C．Why should we spend money on experiences instead of things? D．Why do experiences achieve permanent happiness than things? 主题03人与自我——消费观念与生活哲学 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·福州第八中学·期末） Getting stuck with gifts we do not want is no small problem. In a survey across 14 countries in Europe, meanwhile, 1 in 7 said they were unhappy with what they received for Christmas, yet more than half simply kept the gifts. Why can’t more gifts be passed along to people who appreciate them? People in a study published in the Journal of Consumer Behaviour, for instance, used such words as guilty, lazy, thoughtless and disrespectful in describing their feelings about regifting. Popular culture casts it as taboo (禁忌), as well. However, our research with Francis J. Flynn, a professor of organizational behavior at Stanford University’s Graduate School of Business, suggests the shame associated with regifting is largely unwarranted. Indeed, our research consistently tells us that people overestimate the negative consequences. We asked people to imagine themselves as a “giver,” who gives someone a gift card and later learned it had been regifted. The general attitude of the original givers was: “It’s your gift, do what you want with it.” Next, we asked givers to compare regifting a supposed wristwatch with throwing it in the trash. For the original givers, regifting the watch was a much less offensive act than trashing it. Finally, we invited to our lab at Stanford people who had recently received presents, and divided the people into two groups. When we gave the first group an opportunity to regift that present, 9% did so. When we gave the second group the same opportunity, we added that it was “National Regifting Day”. It wasn't really National Regifting Day, but the group didn’t know that: 30% of them agreed to regift. Everyone has received unwanted gifts in their lives, and generally we will receive more in the future. Our research offers a simple solution to that problem. This holiday season, consider regifting, and encourage receivers of your gifts to do the same if what you gave them isn't quite what they hoped for. 1．Why does the author mention the study in Journal of Consumer Behaviour? A．To highlight the importance of regifting. B．To show people’s attitudes to regifting. C．To challenge the rightness of regifting. D．To express his concern for regifting. 2．What is the meaning of the underlined word “unwarranted”? A．Unnecessary. B．Uncertain. C．Unimportant. D．Unconscious. 3．What do we know about the research? A．9% simply kept unwanted gifts. B．30% didn’t know National Regifting Day. C．Givers generally didn’t mind regifting. D．Receivers tended to trash unwanted gifts. 4．What can we conclude from the text? A．Regifting is offensive. B．Regifting is forbidden. C．Regifting is popular. D．Regifting is acceptable. 主题04人与社会——社会公德与见义勇为 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·福建福州联盟校·期末） Two teenagers are being hailed as heroes for saving a man from an oncoming train just seconds before it arrived. Freddie Corbett, 15, and Harley Hollingworth, 16, acted swiftly when they saw a distressed man jump onto the tracks at Bolton train station in South Yorkshire over the weekend. The friends, waiting for the last train home on Saturday night as their 11 p. m. curfew (宵禁) approached, noticed the man and heard him express his intention to end his life. “Freddie shouted out loud to stop the man from doing such silly things. Without hesitation, he jumped onto the tracks despite the oncoming train,” Freddie’s mother, Jill Corbett, told Sky News. Harley, who also leapt onto the tracks to help, said, “I wasn’t worried about the train. I just wanted to make sure Freddie got him off the tracks. We could see the train’s headlights approaching. It’s not a very long bend.” “The train arrived about 45 seconds after we got off,” the man kept saying. “You’re good lads. You could tell the man was struggling.” While awaiting help, Freddie and Harley had a heartfelt conversation with the man, learning about his troubles. Gary Robinson of Network Rail praised the teenagers for their lifesaving actions. In a social media post, Gary wrote. “Tonight a male with intent to self-harm on the railway. . . these two lads were his angels. They dragged him off the railway and talked with him until I arrived. They undoubtedly saved his life! Kids often get a bad press, but with humanity like what these lads showed tonight, we are in safe hands! These two lads are a credit to their parents, and I can’t speak highly enough about them.” Freddie’s father, Billy, from Goldthorpe, expressed his pride, saying both parents felt it was “about time we had some good news and good press about our kids.” Harley’s father, Dale, added, I was buzzing. I'm bursting with pride. He’s just a typical grumpy teenager, but clearly, he has a heart of gold.” 1．What does the underlined word “hailed” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Described. B．Termed. C．Cheated. D．Shown. 2．Why did Freddie and Harley go to Bolton train station? A．To meet their friend. B．To save the strange man. C．To take a train home. D．To take a train to school. 3．What did the two friends’ parents feel about their child? A．Surprised. B．Worried. C．Doubtful. D．Proud. 4．Which should be the best title for this text? A．Man On the Track B．Teenage Heroes C．A Railway Accident D．Teenage Progress 主题05人与社会——社会公德与见义勇为 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·福建莆田·期末） Fifteen-year-old Sansa has been writing for eight years and has been working on a book for the past four years. Feeling stuck and unable to write, she started searching for writing groups in Los Angeles, looking for guidance. When she found WriteGirl, she was inspired. Keren Taylor started WriteGirl in 2001 as a way to help teen girls who did not have access to creative writing programs. “Teen girls are incredibly vulnerable (脆弱的) and invisible.” Taylor said. “They really need to be lifted up and inspired.” At WriteGirl, 400 women writers volunteer to mentor (指导) 700 teenagers a year. Every girl who has gone through the mentorship program has gone to college and several have pursued careers as professional writers. Through the program, girls dive into poetry, fiction, songwriting, play and so on, learning techniques from professional women writers. This leads to well-rounded training and sets WriteGirl apart from other organizations. A typical exercise at WriteGirl is mic and rant, a 30-second session before writing for each girl. As a means for teens to get their ideas out, it enables girls to explore anything meaningful to them. “Not the flowery language, or rather, complicated expressions that sound skillful, but more of the natural, this is what I’m thinking and what I’m feeling.” Taylor said. Sansa’s mentor Danyella Wilder is attracted by the long-term nature of mentoring at WriteGirl. “If only I could join in such a program when I was 15! An organization where people spend their time just to tell you, ‘Hey, good job.’ or ‘That was amazing.’ You’re at the age where you need to hear that.” 1．Why did Sansa join WriteGirl? A．To overcome her writing block. B．To train a professional writer. C．To release her negative emotions. D．To acquire a sense of security. 2．What makes WriteGirl different from other organizations? A．It turns teen girls into mentors. B．It ensures girls’ entry to college. C．It aims to produce skilled writers. D．It exposes girls to varied writing styles. 3．What do the underlined words “mic and rant” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．A daily writing task. B．A recitation of poetry. C．A session for idea creation. D．A skillful expression activity. 4．What does Danyella Wilder imply in the last paragraph? A．Mentorship is an amazing pursuit. B．Positive feedback is vital to teen girls. C．Mentoring is a time-consuming process. D．Criticism at a young age can be harmful. 主题06人与社会——社会公平与特殊教育 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·福建三明·期末） In Cedars, Pennsylvania, a cafe is giving people with different abilities, and their families a safe and inclusive space to shine. Created in 2022, the cafe was a response to the need in the community for programs that would enable youth with special needs who aged out of school programs to develop social and vocational skills in a nurturing  environment. The cafe was the brainchild of Pennsylvania mom Maureen Stanko, a teacher and musician. She was concerned about what her son Nick, who is neurodivergent (大脑功能异于常人的), would be able to do after graduation. Stanko was so worried that she spoke to Nick’s therapist (治疗专家), Tyler Kammerle, who told her that he dreamed about opening a restaurant to employ people with disabilities. The two worked together — in association with the Pillars of Love and Light Charity — to make this a reality. Two years later, the So Much To Give Inclusive Cafe was born. The inclusive cafe has made a real difference to people’s lives. One of the staff, Lauren Oppelts, suffers from hearing damage and works as a hostess at the cafe. She said, “If you had invited me to be a hostess a year ago, I wouldn’t have believed you. However, I have grown so much self-confidence. I have witnessed the growth in a lot of these employees since the very, very beginning; it’s just exciting.” Stanko did not know if her son Nick would be able to work at the cafe, but it turned out that her son’s performance had gone beyond her expectations. But the cafe is much more than just a workplace. Stanko also wanted to create a space to coach life skills to people with disabilities. That’s why she also opened the Inspiration Studio where music, crafts, and other courses are instructed in addition to life skills. 1．How did Stanko help to create the cafe? A．By developing social skills. B．By team ing up with others. C．By employing the disabled. D．By joining in the program. 2．What can we infer from paragraph 3? A．Nick lacks self-confidence. B．Oppelts dislikes being a hostess. C．The cafe is a life changing place. D．Nick’s performance dissatisfies Stanko. 3．Why did Stanko start the Inspiration Studio? A．To teach life skills. B．To make folk crafts. C．To explore the space. D．To diversify the courses. 4．Which word can best describe Stanko? A．Demanding. B．Thoughtful. C．Proud. D．Humble. 主题07人与社会——科技应用与批判性思维 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·福建厦门·期末） If you have used Google lately and been lucky — or unlucky — enough to encounter an answer to your query (查询) rather than a bunch of links, you have been subjected to something called AI Overviews, a new core feature that Google has been rolling out. What’s different about AI Overviews is that answers are not simply extracted from relevant sources but generated behind the scenes by Google’s generative AI technology. The company’s goal is to give you a personalized, on-demand answer instead of a standard set of documents matching your query. But there’s more to the picture. People’s searching needs don’t end with factual information. They look for ideas, opinions and advice. Looking for suggestions about how to keep the cheese from sliding off your pizza? Google will tell you that you should add some glue to the sauce. While a reasonable user can understand that such shocking answers are likely to be wrong, it’s hard to detect that for factual questions. Google has acknowledged issues with AI Overviews and said it has addressed them. But the concern remains: Can you really trust any answers you receive through this service? There are alternatives. You can always go back to the traditional Google search with its 10 blue links. You can then do what you have likely done for decades now — sift through some of the top results, visit a few of those sites and decide for yourself. It does take a little work, but it gives you back the ability to examine multiple sites and evidence to support or disprove something. More importantly, you leave open the possibilities for learning and discovery. AI Overviews is like fast food that gets delivered through a drive-through window—it’s quick, hot and convenient, but not the healthiest choice. Perhaps you can’t afford to eat out at a nice restaurant every time, but it’s important to avoid ending up going through a drive-through for all your nutrition. After all, you are what you eat, and similarly, you are how you search. 1．What is a feature of AI Overviews? A．It highlights the credibility. B．It provides individualized answers. C．It produces optional documents. D．It upgrades generative AI technology. 2．What does the author indicate by mentioning “cheese” and “pizza”? A．Cheese is an important ingredient of pizza. B．People’s needs go beyond mere information. C．AI Overviews deals with factual information well. D．AI Overviews sometimes offers unreasonable responses. 3．What does the underlined phrase “sift through” probably mean in paragraph 4? A．Sort through. B．Wait for. C．Predict. D．Summarize. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．AI Overviews: A Reliable Source for Query B．AI Overviews: The End of Traditional Search Engines C．AI Overviews: Convenience at the Cost of Nutrition D．AI Overviews: The Future of Learning and Discovery 主题08人与自然——生态保护与可持续旅游 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·福建厦门·期末） OAK HARBOR, OHIO — “Over there!” A tall young man points above the crowd. “A magnolia is moving in the branches.” Named after the tree in which they were discovered, male magnolia warblers are eye-catching birds, with a coal-black mask and a brilliant yellow belly. Bodies and binoculars twist for a look. Camera shutters (快门) click violently, and then only birdsong fills the air again. I’m at the boardwalk of Magee Marsh Wildlife Area, for the annual 10-day Biggest Week in American Birding Festival, created in 2010 by the conservation organization, Black Swamp Bird Observatory. Migrating songbirds, especially warblers, stop here every May, one of the major flyways for bird migration. As the largest birding festival in the U.S., it attracts upward of 90,000 people, bringing in around $40 million to the local economy. Birding enthusiasm is hard to contain. “I pretty much spent whatever I had coming in, and it went out just that fast. Plus five credit cards,” said Greg Miller, a Biggest Week guide and birder. Miller is famous in the avian (鸟类的) world: He inspired the character Brad Harris, played by Jack Black, in the movie The Big Year, in which Jack crosses the country to compete for the Big Year record—a type of treasure hunt to see the most bird species in a year. A similar energy spreads through the gathering today. When a rare bird shows up at Magee Marsh, people will leave wherever they’re at and run to see whatever has shown up. After an exciting morning, I head to Blackberry Comers Tavern, a well-known stop for many Biggest Week attendees. The restaurant is packed with faces I saw earlier on the boardwalk. Birders from across the world are sharing stories and dessert—a mixed crowd on their own migration, following the birds. 1．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 1? A．Introduce a particular bird. B．Explain the rules of birding. C．Unfold a picture of birding. D．Present ways of watching birds. 2．Why is Magee Marsh chosen for the Biggest Week? A．It is popular among birders. B．It advocates bird conservation. C．It matters to the local economy. D．It is a main stopover for migrating birds. 3．What do we know about Greg Miller in paragraph 3? A．He is a former Big Year record winner. B．He hunts for treasure across the country. C．He is willing to invest heavily in birding. D．He motivates Jack to become an actor. 4．What is the text? A．A movie review. B．A research report. C．An ecology leaflet. D．A news feature. 2 / 36 1 / 36 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（议论文+新闻报道） 主题01 人与社会——社会公德与诚信 Passage 1：1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 主题02人与自然——环境保护与资源利用 Passage 1：1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 主题03人与自然——气候变化的影响 Passage 1：1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 主题04人与自我——职业规划与工作生活平衡 Passage 1：1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 主题05人与社会——心理学效应与团队精神 Passage 1：1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 主题06人与自我—— 情感、态度与价值观 Passage 1：1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 主题07人与社会—— 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1：1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 主题08人与自我——个人成长与职业选择 Passage 1：1．D 2．C 3．D 4．D 主题09人与社会——科技创新与人工智能 Passage 1：1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 主题10人与社会——职业精神与文物保护 Passage 1：1．C 2．C 3．A 4．C 主题01人与自然——环境保护与可持续发展 Passage 1：1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 主题02人与自我——消费观念与生活哲学 Passage 1：1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 主题03人与自我——消费观念与生活哲学 Passage 1：1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 主题04人与社会——社会公德与见义勇为 Passage 1：1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 主题05人与社会——社会公德与见义勇为 Passage 1：1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 主题06人与社会——社会公平与特殊教育 Passage 1：1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 主题07人与社会——科技应用与批判性思维 Passage 1：1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 主题08人与自然——生态保护与可持续旅游 Passage 1：1．C 2．D 3．C 4．D 2 / 36 1 / 36 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（议论文+新闻报道） 主题01 人与社会——社会公德与诚信 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·福建泉州四校·期末） There’s a popular saying that if only one voice is allowed to exist; then that one voice must be a lie. This quote couldn’t be more relevant now, as many businesses and platforms are using shady practices to silence negative feedback and ensure only those voices benefiting them remain. This practice is so-called “artificial review boosting”, and has been influencing objectivity in reviews ever since. Its origin dates back to the 20th century when businesses would hand out free samples to obtain a better reputation. However, the practice rises to a new extreme with the emergence of e-commerce platforms. Many online businesses do whatever it takes to ensure high-rating scores, either through giving bonuses and rewards to customers who leave a good review or through bothering and threatening those who leave a negative one. This behavior is not only morally corrupt but also illegal, and it is absurd that many consumers feel they can’t leave negative feedback out of fear that businesses will cause trouble. It’s apparent that this problem is getting out of hand, but how can we fix it? Regulator intervention would certainly help. There should be a tougher crackdown on illegal practices, and e-commerce platforms should be required to protect the privacy of their users. Nevertheless, this is just a small part of the changes needed, as the rating system as a whole needs restructuring. That’s because this system rewards dishonest sellers rather than those selling quality products, and e-commerce platforms, with their profits unaffected, turn a blind eye to its faults. Against all odds, honest feedback has persisted and people who voice their true opinions still exist, but they are becoming rarer. There’s an old saying that if you put a frog in boiling water, it will leap out, but if you cook the frog slowly in warm water, it won’t notice being cooked alive. We consumers are just like frogs — it’s easy for us to fight together against terrible acts robbing our freedom, but we often ignore when the same freedom is gradually taken from us. There will be no grand coup de grace (致命一击) that ends honest feedback. Companies will just let it fade away slowly but we mustn’t allow that to happen because consumers play a more important role in keeping honest feedback. 1．What is the main issue discussed in the text? A．The illegal practices of consumers. B．The history of e-commerce platforms. C．The benefits of free samples for businesses. D．The decline of honest feedback due to artificial review boosting. 2．How do businesses ensure high-rating scores according to the text? A．By improving product quality. B．By cooperating with regulators. C．By restructuring the rating system. D．By rewarding positive reviews and threatening negative reviewers. 3．What does the frog analogy imply about consumers? A．They are as adaptable as frogs in hot water. B．They are easily frightened by sudden threats. C．They fail to notice the gradual loss of their freedom. D．They should fight against terrible acts immediately. 4．What does the author suggest about the current rating system? A．It effectively promotes honest sellers. B．It prioritizes dishonest sellers over honest ones. C．It has been improved by e-commerce platforms. D．It is unaffected by consumer feedback and product quality. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了电商平台通过“人工评价助推”手段操控评论，导致真实反馈逐渐消失的问题，并呼吁消费者和监管机构采取行动。 1． 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“There’s a popular saying that if only one voice is allowed to exist; then that one voice must be a lie. This quote couldn’t be more relevant now, as many businesses and platforms are using shady practices to silence negative feedback and ensure only those voices benefiting them remain.(有句流行的话说，如 果只允许一种声音存在，那么这种声音一定是谎言。这句话现在再合适不过了，因为许多企业和平台都在使用不正当手段来压制负面反馈，只保留那些对他们有利的声音)”和第二段中“This behavior is not only morally corrupt but also illegal, and it is absurd that many consumers feel they can’t leave negative feedback out of fear that businesses will cause trouble. (这种行为不仅在道德上腐败，而且是非法的，荒谬的是许多消费者因为害怕企业会找麻烦而不敢留下负面反馈)”以及下文对“人工评价助推”现象的阐述可知，文章主要讨论的是由于“人工评价助推”导致真实反馈的减少。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Many online businesses do whatever it takes to ensure high rating scores, either through giving bonuses and rewards to customers who leave a good review or through bothering and threatening those who leave a negative one.(许多在线企业会不惜一切代价确保高评分，要么给留下好评的顾客发放奖金和奖励，要么骚扰和威胁留下差评的顾客)”可知，企业通过奖励好评和威胁差评者来确保高评分。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“There’s an old saying that if you put a frog in boiling water, it will leap out, but if you cook the frog slowly in warm water, it won’t notice being cooked alive. We consumers are just like frogs — it’s easy for us to fight together against terrible acts robbing our freedom, but we often ignore when the same freedom is gradually taken from us.(有句老话说，如果你把一只青蛙放进沸水里，它会跳出来，但如果你把青蛙放在温水中慢慢煮，它不会注意到自己正在被活活煮死。我们消费者就像青蛙一样——我们很容易团结起来对抗剥夺我们自由的可怕行为，但当同样的自由被逐渐剥夺时，我们往往会忽视)”可知，青蛙的类比暗示了和温水煮青蛙一样，消费者没有注意到他们的自由在逐渐丧失。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段中“That’s because this system rewards dishonest sellers rather than those selling quality products, and e commerce platforms, with their profits unaffected, turn a blind eye to its faults.(这是因为这个系统奖励的是不诚实的卖家，而不是那些销售优质产品的卖家，而且电子商务平台在利润不受影响的情况下，对其缺陷视而不见)”可知，作者认为当前的评分系统优先考虑不诚实的卖家而非诚实的卖家。故选B项。 主题02人与自然——环境保护与资源利用 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·漳州一中·期末） When you’re driving around the same block, keeping searching, because there’s nowhere to park your car, any suggestion that America devotes too much space to parking might seem foolish. But consider this: in a typical year, the country builds more three-car garages than one-bedroom apartments. Even the crowded cities reserve lots of street space to store private vehicles. And local laws across the country require house and apartment builders to provide off-street parking, whether residents need it. Step back to assess the result: it’s obvious that more square footage is devoted to parking each car than to housing each person. That Americans like driving is hardly news, but all the above talking isn’t finding fault with cars. The complaint is about parking — or, more to the point, about everything we have given up for it. Over the years, cities and towns have torn down grand old structures to make way for it. All those 9-foot-by-18-foot rectangles of asphalt (柏油路) haven’t only damaged the environment or these once-valued architectural styles, but also upset the crucial social goal of housing affordability. This misplaced priority has put the country in a bind. For decades, even as rents rocketed and climate change worsened, the prevalence (盛行) of parking spaces discouraged anyone from noticing their social impact. But the parking space has been eating up our living space for sure, with or without our knowledge. Here an optimist may give the excuse that some of the country’s largest cities have no choice but to renegotiate the relationship among people, cars, and parking spaces. However, parking space’s conquering the city in the 20th century was already so complete that, in the 21st, people need to recognize that the rules have to change, and that the constant promotion of parking spaces is already weakening cities and crowding out other needs. Some of the most consequential social problems are the ones hiding in plain sight, but parking isn’t even hiding. It’s just everywhere — for us to take seriously. 1．In which section can we most probably read this passage? A．Travel. B．Features. C．Front page. D．Public welfare. 2．（The underlined phrase in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______. A．lead the country to trouble B．discourage residents from buying cars C．annoy the local residents D．weaken the country’s overall strength 3．What can we imply about parking space’s role in the 20th century cities? A．It failed to meet the growing parking demands. B．It completely dominated urban planning priorities. C．It was a necessary renegotiation by the city government. D．It unexpectedly brought about problems to people’s daily life. 4．What can be concluded from the passage? A．America should continue expanding parking though it is harmful. B．Cities in the 21st century should absolutely stop building more garages. C．Excessive parking space is damaging the society so it should be limited. D．Housing and other problems are not as urgent as insufficient parking space. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章指出美国为停车分配了过多空间，这不仅破坏环境和建筑风格，还影响住房可负担性，呼吁改变规则，限制停车位。 1．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段中“The complaint is about parking — or, more to the point, about everything we have given up for it. All those 9 foot by 18 foot rectangles of asphalt haven’t only damaged the environment or these once valued architectural styles, but also upset the crucial social goal of housing affordability.(人们所抱怨的是停车问题——更确切地说，是我们为停车所放弃的一切。所有那些9英尺乘18英尺的柏油路面停车位，不仅破坏了环境和那些曾经备受珍视的建筑风格，还扰乱了住房可负担性这一至关重要的社会目标)”可推知，文章讨论了美国停车空间过多带来的一系列社会问题，如破坏环境、影响住房等，这与公共福利相关，所以文章最有可能出现在公共福利板块。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“All those 9 foot by 18 foot rectangles of asphalt haven’t only damaged the environment or these once valued architectural styles, but also upset the crucial social goal of housing affordability. This misplaced priority has put the country in a bind.(所有那些9英尺乘18英尺的柏油路面停车位，不仅破坏了环境和那些曾经备受珍视的建筑风格，还扰乱了住房可负担性这一至关重要的社会目标。这种错误的优先事项put the country in a bind)”的“damaged”、“upset”和“misplaced priority”可推知，过多的停车位带来了诸多问题，使国家陷入麻烦。所以“put the country in a bind”意思是“让国家陷入麻烦”，与“lead the country to trouble”同义。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, parking space’s conquering the city in the 20th century was already so complete that, in the 21st, people need to recognize that the rules have to change, and that the constant promotion of parking spaces is already weakening cities and crowding out other needs.(然而，停车位在20世纪对城市的“占领”已然如此彻底，以至于到了21世纪，人们需要认识到相关规则必须改变，而且持续增加停车位的做法已经在削弱城市的发展，还排挤了其他方面的需求)”可推知，在20世纪，停车位完全主导了城市规划的优先事项。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The complaint is about parking — or, more to the point, about everything we have given up for it. All those 9 foot by 18 foot rectangles of asphalt haven’t only damaged the environment or these once valued architectural styles, but also upset the crucial social goal of housing affordability.(人们所抱怨的是停车问题——更确切地说，是我们为停车所放弃的一切。所有那些9英尺乘18英尺的柏油路面停车位，不仅破坏了环境和那些曾经备受珍视的建筑风格，还扰乱了住房可负担性这一至关重要的社会目标)”和最后一段“However, parking space’s conquering the city in the 20th century was already so complete that, in the 21st, people need to recognize that the rules have to change, and that the constant promotion of parking spaces is already weakening cities and crowding out other needs. Some of the most consequential social problems are the ones hiding in plain sight, but parking isn’t even hiding. It’s just everywhere — for us to take seriously.(然而，停车位在20世纪对城市的“占领”已然如此彻底，以至于到了21世纪，人们需要认识到相关规则必须改变，而且持续增加停车位的做法已经在削弱城市的发展，还排挤了其他方面的需求。一些最重要的社会问题隐藏在人们的视线中，但停车甚至没有隐藏。它无处不在，值得我们认真对待)”可推知，过多的停车位正在损害社会，应该加以限制。故选C项。 主题03人与自然——气候变化的影响 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·福建南安成功中学·期末） It is not just the environment and the economy that are threatened by a warmer climate, but also culture and traditions around the world. Researchers at Lund University in Sweden have mapped what little is known about how climate change is gradually destroying local knowledge and cultural heritage. “We risk losing the memory of native people’s ways of life without this type of documentation,” says Guy Jackson at Lund University, one of the authors of a literature study. One conclusion of the study is that cultural heritage is primarily seen as something of material value, such as a historic building, and the loss is seen as a potential future problem, even though there is evidence that it is already happening. Focusing on material losses means that important traditions and knowledge systems are overlooked. “There are also many non-material losses that are valuable for both individual identity and group identity,” says Guy Jackson. The study shows a clear connection between loss of native cultural heritage and changes in the natural environment. For example, songs and working methods change when groups lose traditions linked to a physical location. One scientific article points out that identity is closely linked to the environment, “ Inuit people (因纽特人) in Canada are people of sea ice. If there is no. more sea ice, how can they be people of sea ice?” Loss of traditions and cultural heritage can make it more difficult to deal with climate change, and weaken social togetherness, as people lose touch with traditional ways of life. It also raises the question whether we can expect native people to protect and preserve rainforests and other ecosystems. The researchers hope that the literature study can read to more targeted research. They want to see a larger focus on how to handle, minimize and tackle future losses. “Science should contribute by developing practical solutions and strategies that help with adaptation to the losses that have already happened,” Guy Jackson concludes. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Climate change causes cultural loss. B．The economy affects the environment. C．Cultural loss is a current problem. D．The native people are being forgotten. 2．What does the study show about the loss of native cultural heritage? A．It is seriously overestimated by scientists. B．It has brought great damage to Canadians. C．It has transformed global working methods. D．It is closely related to environmental changes. 3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about concerning the loss of traditions and cultural heritage? A．Its natural origins. B．Its negative results. C．Its potential reasons. D．Its effective solutions. 4．（What is the main idea of the text? A．The unknown threats to the local knowledge. B．The practical solutions to some cultural issues. C．The climate change’s effect on culture and traditions. D．The various losses of important culture and traditions. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了气候变化对文化和传统的影响。有研究表明，随着气候变暖，当地人生活方式的记忆正在逐渐丧失，但这种丧失往往被忽视。文化和传统的丧失可能导致应对气候变化更困难，社会向心力被削弱。研究人员呼吁寻找可行的解决方案和策略来应对这一问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It is not just the environment and the economy that are threatened by a warmer climate, but also culture and traditions around the world. Researchers at Lund University in Sweden have mapped what little is known about how climate change is gradually destroying local knowledge and cultural heritage.(受到气候变暖威胁的不仅是环境和经济，还有世界各地的文化和传统。瑞典隆德大学的研究人员绘制了关于气候变化如何逐渐破坏当地知识和文化遗产的地图)”以及第二段““We risk losing the memory of native people’s ways of life without this type of documentation,” says Guy Jackson at Lund University, one of the authors of a literature study. One conclusion of the study is that cultural heritage is primarily seen as something of material value, such as a historic building, and the loss is seen as a potential future problem, even though there is evidence that it is already happening.(隆德大学的盖伊·杰克逊是一项文献研究的作者之一，他说:“如果没有这种类型的文献，我们可能会失去对土著人生活方式的记忆。”该研究的一个结论是，文化遗产主要被视为具有物质价值的东西，比如历史建筑，而损失被视为未来的潜在问题，尽管有证据表明这种情况已经发生了)”可知，瑞典隆德大学的一项文献研究表明，气候变化会导致文化的丧失。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The study shows a clear connection between loss of native cultural heritage and changes in the natural environment.(这项研究表明，本土文化遗产的丧失与自然环境的变化之间存在着明确的联系)”可知，本土文化遗产的丧失与自然环境的变化有着明显的联系。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Loss of traditions and cultural heritage can make it more difficult to deal with climate change, and weaken social togetherness, as people lose touch with traditional ways of life. It also raises the question whether we can expect native people to protect and preserve rainforests and other ecosystems.(传统和文化遗产的丧失可能使应对气候变化变得更加困难，并削弱社会团结，因为人们失去了与传统生活方式的联系。这也提出了一个问题，我们是否能指望当地人保护和保存雨林和其他生态系统)”可知，本段主要讲述文化遗产和传统丧失的后果，即负面影响。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“It is not just the environment and the economy that are threatened by a warmer climate, but also culture and traditions around the world. Researchers at Lund University in Sweden have mapped what little is known about how climate change is gradually destroying local knowledge and cultural heritage.(受到气候变暖威胁的不仅是环境和经济，还有世界各地的文化和传统。瑞典隆德大学的研究人员绘制了关于气候变化如何逐渐破坏当地知识和文化遗产的地图)”结合本文主要论述了气候变化对文化和传统的影响。气候变化不仅威胁到环境和经济，还威胁到了世界各地的文化和传统，而本土文化遗产的丧失与自然环境的变化有着明显的联系。即这篇文章的主旨是气候变化对文化和传统的影响。故选C。 主题04人与自我——职业规划与工作生活平衡 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·福建南安一中·期末） Rare is the CEO who praises the virtues of a lie- in. According to one survey, two- thirds of the CEOs of large American companies are up by 6 o’ clock; for average Americans the share is less than one in three. For future corporate leaders, the message seems clear: you snooze (打盹), you lose. Bartleby has no such ambitions. But he’s experimented with early starts, and found they not only bring the sense of satisfaction that comes from arriving before your editor. Inboxes can be cleared and tricky problems solved before the flood of emails and meetings, leaving you feeling well prepared for the day ahead. Early birds are certainly held in higher regard. Rolling into the office late is unacceptable in most workplaces. A study published in 2022 found night owls (猫头鹰) were perceived by respondents as being “lazy”, “undisciplined” and “immature”. Rising early is not, though, all upside. Those ready to receive work when the boss arrives may be given more of it. If the early bird gets the worm, the clever worm stays in bed. Urgent tasks often come up during the day, meaning early arrivals may end up working just as late as other colleagues. Waking before sun rise also risks turning you into a bore. Some early risers cannot resist describing how much they get done while night owls hit the snooze button. Others go home early rather than socialize. Night owls, by contrast, let loose. In the eyes of many, late nights are the preserve of youth, while early mornings are seen as for the elderly. Efforts to change your circadian (昼夜节律的) rhythm are likely to end in disappointment, as it is largely a product of genes. Perhaps the best advice is to stop worrying about your body clock. Most people are neither early birds nor night owls, but in between, struggling both in the morning and late evening. That is why most offices operate between 9 and 5— and why they ought to have break rooms. 1．Why does the writer mention the survey in paragraph 1? A．To illustrate the harmful effects of snoozing. B．To praise the healthy sleeping habit of the CEOs. C．To tell the difference between CEOs and average workers. D．To show the possible link between early rising and success. 2．What does paragraph 2 focus on? A．The feelings of early risers. B．The challenges on a workday. C．The benefits of getting up early. D．The preparations before work. 3．What can be a downside of being an early bird? A．Poor public image. B．Increased workload. C．Hug e social pressure. D．Decreased productivity. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Why Do CEOs Prefer Early Mornings? B．How Can We Change Our Body Clock? C．What Is the Science Behind Early Rising? D．Is It Better to Be an Early Bird or a Night Owl? 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是议论文。文章围绕“早起”的话题展开，讨论了早起的利弊，并从不同角度分析了早起对个人和职场生活的影响。 1． 推理判断题。根据第一段“Rare is the CEO who praises the virtues of a lie- in. According to one survey, two- thirds of the CEOs of large American companies are up by 6 o’ clock; for average Americans the share is less than one in three. For future corporate leaders, the message seems clear: you snooze (打盹), you lose. (很少有首席执行官会称赞睡懒觉的好处。根据一项调查，三分之二的美国大公司的首席执行官会在6点钟起床；对于普通美国人来说，这一比例不到三分之一。对于未来的企业领导人来说，这条信息似乎很明确：你打盹，你就输了。)”可知，本段提到调查的原因是为了说明早起和成功之间可能存在的联系。故选D项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Bartleby has no such ambitions. But he’s experimented with early starts, and found they not only bring the sense of satisfaction that comes from arriving before your editor. Inboxes can be cleared and tricky problems solved before the flood of emails and meetings, leaving you feeling well prepared for the day ahead. (巴特比没有这样的野心。但他尝试过早起，发现早起不仅带来早于编辑到达的满足感。在电子邮件和会议洪流到来之前，收件箱可以被清空，棘手的问题也可以得到解决，让你为即将到来的一天做好充分准备。)”可知，本段主要讲述了早起的好处。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Rising early is not, though, all upside. Those ready to receive work when the boss arrives may be given more of it. If the early bird gets the worm, the clever worm stays in bed. Urgent tasks often come up during the day, meaning early arrivals may end up working just as late as other colleagues. (然而，早起也并非都是好处。那些准备在老板到达时开始工作的人可能会被分配更多工作。如果说早起的鸟儿有虫吃，那么聪明的虫子就会赖在床上。紧急任务经常在白天出现，这意味着早到的人可能也会像其他同事一样工作到很晚。)”可知，早起的坏处是可能增加工作量。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Waking before sun rise also risks turning you into a bore. Some early risers cannot resist describing how much they get done while night owls hit the snooze button. Others go home early rather than socialize. Night owls, by contrast, let loose. In the eyes of many, late nights are the preserve of youth, while early mornings are seen as for the elderly. (日出前醒来也有可能让你变得无趣。一些早起的人忍不住会描述他们在夜猫子们打盹时完成了多少工作。另一些人则会早点回家，而不是进行社交。相比之下，夜猫子们则会放松。在许多人眼中，深夜是年轻人的专属，而清晨则被视为老年人的专属。)”以及通读全文可知，本文主要讨论了早起的利弊，所以D项“Is It Better to Be an Early Bird or a Night Owl?(早起好还是夜猫子好?)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。 主题05人与社会——心理学效应与团队精神 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·福州四中·期末） Love and encouragement from others can make us feel our best. But can they also help us perform our best? By taking advantage of a unique situation in the world of football, economist Patricio Dalton and his team were able to demonstrate that moral support significantly affects performance. Although moral support is such an important part of daily interaction, there's little scientific proof of the effect it has on behavior. Dalton addresses this gap in a new research paper, revealing that even in the football stadium — a competitive labor environment where high performance is rewarded with high pay — moral support matters. Demonstrating a cause-and-effect relationship between moral support and behavior is difficult, Dalton explains, because moral support isn't easily controlled in an experiment. “The major challenge lies in the fact that moral support is essentially endogenous (内生的) . People choose whether to supply or demand moral support, the extent of it, to whom to supply it and from whom to demand it. The paper addresses this challenge by taking advantage of an exogenous (外因的) negative shock on moral support caused by an unexpected change of law in the Argentinean football league.” Following an incident involving a football supporter's death, Argentina placed a ban that prohibited visiting team supporters from attending first division games. This provided the perfect conditions for a natural experiment, allowing the researchers to examine the impact of moral support on behavior in a real-world setting. Analyzing data from 1, 320 games played both before and after the ban, the researchers found that the probability of a visiting team losing a game increases by 20%, and the visiting team conceding (让得分) more goals than the home team rises by 1. 3 times. The researchers establish that the observed decline in performance is due to the absence of moral support. What's also striking is that smaller teams are most affected by the lack of moral support, while bigger teams experience decline in performance only when facing opponents with equal strength. This suggests that moral support makes up for the power imbalance between teams. The study reveals a strong influence of moral support and its significance in unlocking human potential. “If moral support can make such a big difference in the world of professional football, what could it do in regular workplaces?” Dalton says. 1．What does “a unique situation” underlined in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The death of a football supporter. B．The experiment on moral support. C．The performances of visiting teams. D．The ban on visiting team supporters. 2．How did the researchers examine the relationship between moral support and behavior? A．In a natural way. B．In an unusual way. C．By supplying moral support. D．By interviewing football supporters. 3．What does Dalton’s research reveal about moral support? A．It can make a difference in many areas of life. B．It keeps a balance between big football teams. C．The impact of lacking it varies from team to team. D．The absence of it makes no difference to a home team. 4．Which of the following best describes moral support? A．It makes one feel good. B．It’s a performance enhancer. C．It develops good relationships. D．It’s a cure for behavior problems. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是议论文。文章探讨了道德支持对表现的影响。 1．词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“Following an incident involving a football supporter's death, Argentina placed a ban that prohibited visiting team supporters from attending first division games.(在一名球迷死亡事件发生后，阿根廷颁布了一项禁令，禁止客队球迷观看甲级联赛的比赛。)”可知，画线句“By taking advantage of a unique situation in the world of football, economist Patricio Dalton and his team were able to demonstrate that moral support significantly affects performance.( 经济学家帕特里西奥·道尔顿(Patricia Dalton)和他的团队利用足球世界的一个独特情况，证明了道德支持对表现有显著影响。)”中提到的“a unique situation”是指阿根廷禁止客队球迷参加甲级联赛的禁令。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“This provided the perfect conditions for a natural experiment, allowing the researchers to examine the impact of moral support on behavior in a real-world setting.(这为自然实验提供了完美的条件，使研究人员能够在现实世界中检验道德支持对行为的影响。)”可知，研究者们是利用一个真实的环境来研究精神支持对行为的影响的，而不是人为地设置一个实验情景。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的“What's also striking is that smaller teams are most affected by the lack of moral support, while bigger teams experience decline in performance only when facing opponents with equal strength. This suggests that moral support makes up for the power imbalance between teams. (同样令人惊讶的是，小球队最容易受到缺乏精神支持的影响，而大球队只有在面对实力相当的对手时才会出现表现下降。这表明，精神支持弥补了团队之间的权力不平衡。)”可知，缺乏精神支持的影响因团队而异。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Love and encouragement from others can make us feel our best. But can they also help us perform our best? By taking advantage of a unique situation in the world of football, economist Patricio Dalton and his team were able to demonstrate that moral support significantly affects performance.(来自他 人的爱和鼓励可以让我们感觉最好。但它们也能帮助我们发挥出最好的水平吗?经济学家帕特里西奥·道尔顿(Patricio Dalton)和他的团队利用足球世界的一个独特情况，证明了道德支持对表现有显著影响。)”以及下文内容可知，本文的“moral support”是作为“成绩提高者(a performance enhancer)”来进行介绍的。短文首段中的“moral support significantly affects performance”提示了该内容，其余部分围绕该内容进行叙述。故选B。 主题06人与自我—— 情感、态度与价值观 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·福建南安一中·期末） It is William Shakespeare, the great coiner, who is given credit for the word. Coriolanus, one of his characters, compares going into exile (流放) to a “lonely dragon” retiring to his cave. He was talking about a physical state: someone who was lonely was simply alone. Then, thanks to the Romantic poets, the word took on emotional meanings. Loneliness became a condition of the soul. For William Wordsworth, who famously “wandered lonely as a cloud”, the natural world offered an escape from negative feelings of loneliness — a host of flowers could provide “cheerful company”. Today, loneliness is often seen as a serious public-health problem, creating the feeling of disconnection. In his book Solitude, Netta Weinstein, a psychology professor wonders the rewards of time spent alone. He begins with an account of stories of solitude created by figures such as Michel Montaigne, a writer, and Edward Hopper, a painter. Netta then draw on laboratory work, interviews and surveys to clarify how being alone really affects the human mind. It is common to treat loneliness and solitude as synonyms (同义词), but they are not. The author suggests that what is negatively described as one state can be positively expressed as the other. Loneliness, often perceived as negative, can potentially be transformed into a positive experience of solitude. To this end he emphasizes how being alone can help restore people and offers practical advice. In a noisy world, he argues, people should make time to be alone, away from attention-grabbing motives. The book’s interviewees mostly regard a lack of company as a contributor to autonomy (自主). But this depends on whether solitude is desirable or not. Enforced solitude, such as that experienced by prisoners, typically leads to nothing but suffering. Elective solitude, by contrast, affords space for self-reflection. It can open the door to “peak experiences” such as wonder, harmony, and happiness. However, it is a pity that in a highly-connected digital age, many readers don’t like their chances of ever taking a long enough break to have such experiences. 1．How does paragraph 1 introduce the concept of loneliness? A．By tracing its development. B．By analyzing causes. C．By making a point to be argued. D．By sharing a romantic story. 2．What does Netta Weinstein’s book Solitude focus on? A．The various terms of solitude. B．The societal impact of solitude. C．The long-standing history of solitude. D．The psychological benefits of solitude. 3．Netta describes the state of loneliness as _______. A．stressful B．essential C．changeable D．harmful 4．What does Netta most probably agree with according to the last paragraph? A．Enforced solitude is a matter of choice. B．Enforced solitude contributes to autonomy. C．Elective solitude is rare in the digital world. D．Elective solitude interrupts peak experiences. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了独处与孤独的区别，并强调独处对个人成长的重要性。通过历史人物的故事和科学研究，作者提倡在喧嚣世界中寻找独处时光，以恢复内心并享受自我反思的益处。 1． 推理判断题。由文章第一段“It is William Shakespeare, the great coiner, who is given credit for the word. Coriolanus, one of his characters, compares going into exile(流放)to a ‘lonely dragon’retiring to his cave. He was talking about a physical state: someone who was lonely was simply alone. Then, thanks to the Romantic poets, the word took on emotional meanings. Loneliness became a condition of the soul. For William Wordsworth, who famously ‘wandered lonely as a cloud’, the natural world offered an escape from negative feelings of loneliness—a host of flowers could provide ‘cheerful company’. Today, loneliness is often seen as a serious public-health problem, creating the feeling of disconnection.(这个词的功劳通常归于伟大的造词者威廉·莎士比亚。在他的笔下，人物科利奥兰纳斯将流放比作“孤独的龙”退入洞穴。他所描述的是一种身体上的状态：孤独的人只是独自一人。后来，由于浪漫主义诗人的影响，这个词又增添了情感上的含义。孤独成为了一种心灵的 状态。对于威廉·华兹华斯这位著名的“像云朵般孤独地游荡”的诗人来说，自然世界能让人摆脱孤独带来的负面情绪——一丛鲜花就能提供“令人愉悦的陪伴”。如今，孤独常被视为一个严重的公共健康问题，它会让人产生一种脱节感。)”可知，第一段通过回顾从莎士比亚最初使用“孤独”一词描述单纯的物理上的独处状态，到浪漫主义诗人将其含义扩展到心灵层面的过程，追溯了“孤独”概念的发展。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。由文章第二段“In his book Solitude, Netta Weinstein, a psychology professor wonders the rewards of time spent alone. He begins with an account of stories of solitude created by figures such as Michel Montaigne, a writer, and Edward Hopper, a painter. Netta then draw on laboratory work, interviews and surveys to clarify how being alone really affects the human mind. (心理学教授Netta Weinstein在他的《孤独》一书中想知道独处时间的回报。他首先讲述了作家 Michel Montaigne和画家Edward Hopper等人物创作的孤独故事。然后，Netta利用实验室工作、访谈和调查来阐明独处是如何真正影响人类思维的。)”可知，《孤独》一书着重探讨了独处时间对人心理的正面影响，通过历史人物的故事、实验室研究、访谈和调查数据来阐明独处如何真正作用于人的心理。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Loneliness, often perceived as negative, can potentially be transformed into a positive experience of solitude.(孤独，通常被认为是消极的，可以潜在地转化为积极的孤独体验。)”可知，孤独的状态是可以改变的。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Elective solitude, by contrast, affords space for self-reflection. It can open the door to ‘peak experiences’ such as wonder, harmony, and happiness. However, it is a pity that in a highly-connected digital age, many readers don’t like their chances of ever taking a long enough break to have such experiences.(相比之下，选择性的独处提供了自我反思的空间。它可以打开通往‘巅峰体验’的大门，比如奇迹、和谐和幸福。然而，遗憾的是，在一个高度互联的数字时代，许多读者不喜欢他们有足够长的休息时间来体验这种体验。)”可知，Netta可能同意的一个观点是在高度互联的数字时代，许多读者认为自己不太可能有足够长的时间中断来体验“巅峰时刻”，暗示在这样的环境下，人们主动选择的、有利于自我反思的独处变得较为少见，即选择性独处在数字世界中是罕见的。故选C项。 主题07人与社会—— 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·福建宁德·期末） In Ganzhou, Jiangxi province, 58-year-old Guo Yingxiong is breathing new life into Hakka bamboo carving. In his workshops, the bamboo seems to come alive with his skilled hands-everyday scenes unfold, like a tea seller carrying his goods or young lovers sitting by the water. These creations represent more than art. They form a living bridge between the ancient art of Hakka bamboo carving and the modern world that Guo has upheld for over four decades. Bamboo carving has deep cultural roots. While its origins date back to the Six Dynasties period, the art was well received by people during the Tang Dynasty, before achieving its golden age during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, when scholars praised bamboo for symbolizing strength and honesty. Song Dynasty Sushi wrote that he would rather dine without meat than live without bamboo. Among regional styles, Hakka bamboo carving stood out by mixing traditional calligraphy with creative designs. In 2010, it was listed as a provincial-level intangible (非物质的) cultural heritage in Jiangxi. Guo’s exposure to the art began young-he learned from his father, who taught him strict rules, like using only winter-cut bamboo and memorizing over 50 steps to prepare the material before carving. With tireless practices, he mastered various sculpting techniques, establishing himself as a pioneer in preserving and advancing Jiangxi’s carving heritage. To keep the tradition alive, Guo opened Ganzhou’s first Hakka bamboo carving workshop in 2017. There, he made custom pieces and taught students. One of his students, Han Lu, even started studying the craft’s history after being inspired by him. Besides, he also created smaller, cheaper items like bamboo bookmarks and mixed traditional skills with modem designs to attract younger people. Through such efforts, he hopes to secure a brighter future for the art, one careful cut at a time. 1．Why are Guo’s creations mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To praise his remarkable carving skills. B．To highlight the art’s connection to daily life. C．To picture ancient and modern artistic styles. D．To stress his efforts to preserve the ancient art. 2．In which period did bamboo carving become popular? A．The Six Dynasties. B．The Tang Dynasty. C．The Ming Dynasty. D．The Song Dynasty. 3．What distinguished Hakka bamboo carving from other regional styles? A．Complex material preparations. B．The symbol of bamboo carving. C．Careful and strict practices for decades. D．A combination of tradition and innovation 4．How did Guo preserve bamboo carving? A．By teaching people calligraphy. B．By using only winter-cut bamboo. C．By getting young people involved in it. D．By studying its history with his students. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了郭英雄传承与创新客家竹雕艺术的事迹。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“These creations represent more than art. They form a living bridge between the ancient art of Hakka bamboo carving and the modern world that Guo has upheld for over four decades.(这些作品不仅仅是艺术。它们在郭英雄四十多年来一直坚守的客家竹雕这一古老艺术与现代世界之间架起了一座活生生的桥梁)”可推知，第一段提到郭英雄的作品是为了强调他为保护古老艺术所做的努力。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“While its origins date back to the Six Dynasties period, the art was well received by people during the Tang Dynasty, before achieving its golden age during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, when scholars praised bamboo for symbolizing strength and honesty. Song Dynasty Sushi wrote that he would rather dine without meat than live without bamboo.(虽然它的起源可以追溯到六朝时期，但这种艺术在唐朝时期受到了人们的欢迎，然后在明清时期达到了黄金时代，当时学者们称赞竹子象征着力量和诚实。宋代苏轼曾写道，与其没有竹子，不如不吃肉)”可知，竹雕在唐朝开始流行。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Among regional styles, Hakka bamboo carving stood out by mixing traditional calligraphy with creative designs.(在地域风格中，客家竹雕以传统书法与创意设计相结合而脱颖而出)”可知，客家竹雕与其他地域风格的区别在于传统与创新的结合。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Besides, he also created smaller, cheaper items like bamboo bookmarks and mixed traditional skills with modem designs to attract younger people. Through such efforts, he hopes to secure a brighter future for the art, one careful cut at a time.(此外，他还创作了更小、更便宜的物品，如竹制书签，并将传统技艺与现代设计相结合，以吸引年轻人。通过这样的努力，他希望为这门艺术创造一个更光明的未来，每一次精心雕刻)”可知，郭英雄通过让年轻人参与进来保护竹雕。故选C。 主题08人与自我——个人成长与职业选择 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·福建龙岩·期末） From the hustle (忙碌) of city offices to the mud-filled reality of pigsties, 26-year-old Sun Shuangshuang, a “college student pig farmer”, represents a new idealism among young people today — grounding herself in the land and using innovation to empower local villagers. Sun runs a pig farm in her small village in Yingshan county, Hubei while managing the Douyin account “Black Pig Run Run”, where her 626,000 followers get a glimpse into her unconventional life. When asked if returning to rural farming was a waste of her education, she laughed and said, “There are so many choices in life. It’s time to shed the long robe of Kong Yiji” “People love watching us share bits of daily life, like gardening, cooking, and carrying feed,” Sun said, noting that many of her followers long for this “leisurely and free” lifestyle. The path of business building hasn’t always been smooth. In July 2023, an outbreak of swine fever destroyed Sun's pig farm. But just when things seemed most difficult to Sun, help arrived. Yingshan’s technology and agriculture bureaus sent experts to provide on-site guidance for disease control and recovery, and the county government funded 1 million yuan for the construction of a new farm. The new pig farm is currently under development, featuring three modern pigsties with a capacity for 1,200 pigs, along with mechanized feeding equipment. For Sun, using her professional knowledge to open markets and promote rural values is the true purpose of her education. Every two weeks, she hosts a livestream to promote and sell local products. So far, she has helped more than 50 households sell over 50,000 yuan worth of homema de goods. “The countryside doesn’t lack people who can grow crops or raise livestock,” she said. “What it lacks are people who know how to sell those products.” In response to the question what it means to return to the rural areas to start a business, Sun’s reply is simple, “Just to stay and live in the countryside.” 1．What does “shed the long robe of Kong Yiji” underlined in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Hold on to old traditions. B．Pursue the ancient lifestyle. C．Cherish the image of scholars. D．Quit being a traditional scholar. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Government’s role in pig industry. B．Severe losses caused by pig disease. C．Setbacks and support on Sun’s farm. D．Sun’s financial management in pig raising. 3．Which of the following can best describe Sun? A．Humble and ambitious. B．Cautious and conservative. C．Confident and self-disciplined. D．Innovative and responsible. 4．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．A Rising Social Media Star B．Challenges and Opportunities C．The Magic of Online Selling D．From City Life to Rural Roots 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述26岁大学生孙双双返乡养猪，遇挫后获政府支持，借创新和直播助农，扎根乡村。 1．词句猜测题。 根据第二段中“When asked if returning to rural farming was a waste of her education, she laughed and said, “There are so many choices in life. It’s time to shed the long robe of Kong Yiji ”(当被问及回到农村务农是否浪费了她所受的教育时，她笑着说：‘生活中有太多选择。是时候脱下孔乙己的长袍了’)”并结合孔乙己是鲁迅笔下固守传统文人身份的形象可知，孔乙己是鲁迅笔下固守传统知识分子身份、不愿放下架子的人物，“长袍”象征着传统学者的身份束缚。孙双双放弃城市工作回到农村，正是摆脱这种传统身份观念的体现。结合她的回答“生活中有很多选择”可知，她认为不应被传统学者的身份所限制。 所以shed the robe意为“放弃传统学者的束缚”，与D项Quit being a traditional scholar(不再做传统学者)语义一致。故选D项。 2．主旨大意题。 第三段前半部分提到“an outbreak of swine fever destroyed Sun’s pig farm(猪瘟暴发摧毁了孙的猪场)”以及后半部分指出“Yingshan’s technology and agriculture bureaus sent experts to provide on-site guidance for disease control and recovery, and the county government funded 1million yuan for the construction of a new farm.(英山县科技和农业局派出专家对疾病控制和康复进行现场指导，县政府出资100万元建设新农场。)”可知，该段围绕孙的猪场遭遇的挫折与获得的支持展开。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段提到孙双双“using innovation to empower local villagers(用创新赋能当地村民)”，运营抖音账号“Black Pig Run Run(黑猪跑跑)”推广生活和产品，体现了她的创新性（Innovative）；文章第四段提到她“has helped more than 50 households sell over 50,000 yuan worth of homemade goods(已帮助50多户家庭卖出价值5万多元的手工制品)”，致力于带动当地村民致富，展现了 她的责任感（Responsible）。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知， 文章讲述孙双双从城市回归农村养猪，通过“黑猪跑跑”抖音账号和直播助农，实现“grounding herself in the land(扎根土地)”的转变。D项“From City Life to Rural Roots(从城市生活到乡村根基)”能够概括文章主旨，为最佳标题。故选D项。 主题09人与社会——科技创新与人工智能 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·漳州平和广兆中学·期末） Meta Platforms, the company behind Facebook, released its newest Llama 4 AI models at the weekend, following two delays, stepping up the fight with OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Chinese competitor DeepSeek. Llama 4 has two versions, Llama 4 Scout and Llama 4 Maverick systems, which can process and integrate various types of data. They are now available for developers to try on Meta’s apps and the Meta.ai website. The launch marks “the beginning of a new era for the Llama ecosystem”. These models are open-weight ones, which means they can handle different kinds of media, not just text. They can work with videos, images, and audio too. The company claimed the models are “best in class”, better than competitors like OpenAI’s GPT4.0 and Gemini 2.0 Flash. The news agency explained one of the reasons for the delay was that Llama 4 was not meeting the company’s expectations on technical standards such as reasoning and math tasks. Meta was also concerned that Llama 4 is not as capable as OpenAI’s models when it comes to conducting human-like voice conversations. Meta has stated it plans to invest $60 billion to $65 billion in 2025 to broaden its AI infrastructure. During Meta’s Q4 2024 earnings call, the CEO, Mark Zuckerberg, talked about Llama 4. He said it was natively multimodal (多模态的) and had agentic capabilities. “This is going to be something new and exciting. It will open up a whole bunch of new ways we can use it.” he added. 1．What does the article mainly discuss? A．The history of Meta’s AI development. B．Challenges in creating voice-based AI assistants. C．Global investment trends in Chinese tech companies. D．Meta’s new AI release and its competitive goals. 2．What contributes to the delays in Llama 4’s release? A．High production costs. B．Limited user testing opportunities. C．Relatively weak analytical abilities. D．Incapability in voice conversations. 3．What can we learn about Meta’s future AI development? A．Meta will invest heavily to advance its AI models. B．Meta aims to focus on improving text-based AI. C．Meta will abandon open-weight models. D．Meta plans to cooperate with Chinese companies. 4．How does Meta’s CEO view Llama 4’s potential? A．He doubts its ability to compete with OpenAI. B．He believes it will create entirely new applications. C．He criticizes its focus on multimodal features. D．He worries about its high development costs. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是Meta Platforms（Facebook背后的公司）在周末发布了其最新的Llama 4 AI模型，该模型经过两次延迟后终于推出，旨在与OpenAI的ChatGPT和中国竞争对手DeepSeek展开竞争。 1．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Meta Platforms, the company behind Facebook, released its newest Llama 4 AI models at the weekend, following two delays, stepping up the fight with OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Chinese competitor DeepSeek.(在两次推迟之后，Facebook背后的Meta平台（Meta Platforms）周末发布了最新的Llama 4人工智能模型，加大了与OpenAI的ChatGPT和中国竞争对手DeepSeek的竞争。)”可知，本文主要讲的是Meta Platforms（Facebook背后的公司）在周末发布了其最新的Llama 4 AI模型，因此主旨是D选项“Meta’s new AI release and its competitive goals.(Meta的新AI版本及其竞争目标。)”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“The news agency explained one of the reasons for the delay was that Llama 4 was not meeting the company’s expectations on technical standards such as reasoning and math tasks.(该通讯社解释说，延迟的原因之一是Llama 4在推理和数学任务等技术标准上没有达到公司的预期。)”可知，分析能力相对较弱导致了Llama 4的延迟发布。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Meta has stated it plans to invest $60 billion to $65 billion in 2025 to broaden its AI infrastructure.(Meta表示，计划在2025年投资600亿至650亿美元，以扩大其人工智能基础设施。)”可知，Meta将大力投资以推进其人工智能模型。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It will open up a whole bunch of new ways we can use it.(它将为我们提供一大堆使用它的新方法。)”可知，Meta的CEO相信Llama 4将创造出全新的应用。故选B。 主题10人与社会——职业精神与文物保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·福建南安一中·期末） Whenever Song Jing visits a museum, she will check out the section on ancient books. Besides appreciating the wisdom hidden in these historical volumes, she also focuses on how they are bound (装帧) and presented. “It’s more like a force of habit caused by my job,” said Song. This 34-year-old “book doctor” has been working in the restoration department for ancient books at the National Library of China in Beijing, since she finished her cultural relic protection studies course at Peking University in 2015. Up to now, she has been engaged in restoring more than 100 ancient cultural relies. At the moment, Song and her colleagues are working on restoring a copy of Yongle Dadian, an encyclopedia created in 1408. Unfortunately, most of its books that have survived until today have suffered damage to their original binding. “To rest ore them to their original form, we need to gather information from various sources, such as images and texts, before we can make sure their original binding style and repair them accordingly,” she explained. Moreover, the ancient encyclopedia’s silk texture and color have both grown inconsistent, which makes creating the necessary raw materials and matching the color difficult. In the past, restorers had to rely on their experience to determine the appropriate materials to use for a project. As technology has evolved, they are able to use a new method to finish the task through microscopes. However, technology can only help so much, as ancient books restoration still requires essential manual skills, including cutting and brushing paper and binding. Apart from this, the restoration also requires strong control when brushing the paper. “If the pressure is not properly controlled during the brushing process, the paper may tear, but if the touch is too light, the paper won’t adhere (黏附),” Song explained. Owing to the meaningful and complex process, the ancient books restoration technique of the national library was listed as a national-level intangible cultural heritage in 2008. “Hopefully, I can be of some help in inspiring more young people to find their lifelong passion in the field of cultural heritage preservation,” said Song. 1．Why is Song Jing called a “book doctor”? A．She works in the restoration department. B．She focuses on the binding of ancient books. C．She is devoted to the ancient books restoration. D．She enjoys checking out ancient books in a museum. 2．What is a challenge in the restoration of the encyclopedia? A．Editing texts B．Gathering images C．Going with the color D．Identifying raw materials 3．Which of the following can best describe Song? A．dedicated and careful B．unselfish and cautious C．diligent and ambitious D．determined and creative 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To relate a story B．To introduce a “book doctor” C．To share a passion D．To protect the cultural heritage 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是古籍修复师宋晶的工作、她对古籍修复的热情和专业知识，以及她对文化遗产保护的贡献和期望。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“This 34-year-old “book doctor” has been working in the restoration department for ancient books at the National Library of China in Beijing, since she finished her cultural relic protection studies course at Peking University in 2015.(这位34岁的“书医”自2015年毕业于北京大学文物保护专业后，一直在北京中国国家图书馆古籍修复部工作。)”可知，宋晶被称为“书医”是因为她致力于古籍修复工作。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Moreover, the ancient encyclopedia’s silk texture and color have both grown inconsistent, which makes creating the necessary raw materials and matching the color difficult.(此外，古代百科全书的丝绸质地和颜色都变得不一致，这使得创造必要的原材料和配色变得困难。)”可知，修复百科全书的挑战是搭配颜色。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“This 34-year-old “book doctor” has been working in the restoration department for ancient books at the National Library of China in Beijing, since she finished her cultural relic protection studies course at Peking University in 2015. Up to now, she has been engaged in restoring more than 100 ancient cultural relies.(这位34岁的“书医”自2015年毕业于北京大学文物保护专业后，一直在北京中国国家图书馆古籍修复部工作。到目前为止，她已经修复了100多件古文化文物。)”说明宋晶毕业后一致从事古籍修复的工作，因此她是敬业的，在工作方面有献身精神的，因此用dedicated来修饰她；根据倒数第二段“If the pressure is not properly controlled during the brushing process, the paper may tear, but if the touch is too light, the paper won’t adhere (黏附)(如果在刷纸过程中压力控制不当，纸可能会被撕破，但如果触摸太轻，纸就不会粘附)”可知，做古籍修复工作的人必须是仔细的，因此可用careful来修饰宋晶。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“This 34-year-old “book doctor” has been working in the restoration department for ancient books at the National Library of China in Beijing, since she finished her cultural relic protection studies course at Peking University in 2015. Up to now, she has been engaged in restoring more than 100 ancient cultural relies.(这位34岁的“书医”自2015年毕业于北京大学文物保护专业后，一直在北京中国国家图书馆古籍修复部工作。到目前为止，她已经修复了100多件古文化文物。)”和最后一段“Hopefully, I can be of some help in inspiring more young people to find their lifelong passion in the field of cultural heritage preservation(希望我能在激励更多年轻人在文化遗产保护领域找到他们毕生的激情方面有所帮助。)”可知，本文主要讲的是古籍修复师宋晶的工作、她对古籍修复的热情和专业知识，以及她对文化遗产保护的贡献和期望，因此目的是分享宋晶对工作的热情，故选C。 主题01人与自然——环境保护与可持续发展 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·福州第三中学·期末） Building good transportation is a good idea. To have environmental value, new transportation has to sufficiently replace or eliminate driving to cut energy consumption overall. That means that a new traffic system has to be supported by reduction in car use. Traffic lanes should be eliminated or converted into bike or bus lanes. Ideally, these should be combined with higher fuel taxes, and parking fees. Needless to say, I have to struggle to make myself extensively understood. But they’re necessary, because you can’t make people drive less, in the long run, by taking steps that make driving more pleasant, economical, and productive. Lengthy commuting (通勤) time is a forceful factor which can slow the growth of suburbs. The farther people live away from cities, the longer commuting time they need, which means more pollution their cars produce. If, in a misguided effort to do something of environmental value, governments take steps that make long-distance car commuting faster or more convenient—by adding lanes, building bypass, employing traffic-control measures that make it possible for existing roads to accommodate more cars with fewer delays—we are actually encouraging people to live still farther from their jobs, stores, and schools. As a result, governments are forced to further extend road networks, water lines, and other facilities. If you cut commuting time by 10 percent, people who now drive fifty miles each way to work can find reason to move five miles farther out, because their travel time won’t change. Traffic congestion (拥堵) isn’t an environmental problem; traffic is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make the real problem worse. Highway engineers have known for a long time that building new car lanes only temporarily reduces congestion, because the new lanes add additional driving. Widening roads makes traffic move faster in the short term, but the improved conditions eventually attract additional drivers, and congestion reappears. With more car on the roads, people think about widening roads again. Moving drivers out of cars and into other forms of transportation can have the same effect, if existing traffic lanes are kept in service: road space stimulates road use. One of the arguments that cities inevitably make in promoting transportation plans is that the new system, by relieving automobile congestion, will improve the lives of those who continue to drive. No one ever promotes a transportation system by arguing that it would make travelling less convenient—even though, from an environmental perspective, inconvenient travel is a worthy goal. 1．In the first paragraph, the author gives us the hint that his recommendations are ______. A．not widely supported B．costly to carry out C．generally recognized D．temporarily beneficial 2．According to the passage, what will happen if commuting time for drivers is reduced? A．Drivers will become more productive employees. B．Mass transportation will be extended farther into suburban areas. C．Drivers will be more willing to live farther from their working place. D．Mass transportation will carry fewer passengers and receive less government funding. 3．Which of the following can be inferred about the author’s attitude towards the measures to improve traffic? A．They are environmentally beneficial and should be carried out immediately. B．They are well intentioned but ultimately lead to environmental harm. C．They will definitely arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection. D．They will only work if they can make driving more economical and productive. 4．The author wrote this massage mainly to ______. A．support the claim that efforts to reduce traffic actually increase traffic. B．oppose the belief that improving mass transportation systems is good for the environment. C．provide a balance between suburban expansion and traffic congestion. D．indicate that making driving less agreeable is a way to reduce negative effects of traffic. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者提出了为缓解交通对环境造成的破坏，需要减少汽车使用，把汽车出行变得不方便。这一观点并不为大众所接受。他通过指出减少通勤时间的好处和现行的一些缓解措施的不足分析支持自己的观点。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段第五句“Needless to say, I have to struggle to make myself extensively understood.(更不用说，我必须努力让自己被广泛地理解)”可知，作者的想法目前并没有被广泛接受，即没有被大众广泛支持。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“If you cut commuting time by 10 percent, people who now drive fifty miles each way to work can find reason to move five miles farther out, because their travel time won’t change.(如果你将通勤时间减少10%，那么现在每天单程开车50英里上班的人就有理由再往外走5英里，因为他们的行程时间不会改变)”可知，如果通勤时间减少，人们会愿意住得离上班的地方更远些。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段第一二句“Traffic congestion (拥堵) isn’t an environmental problem; traffic is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make the real problem worse. Highway engineers have known for a long time that building new car lanes only temporarily reduces congestion, because the new lanes add additional driving.（交通拥堵不是环境问题；交通本身就是。不采取任何措施减少汽车总量来缓解拥堵只会使真正的问题变得更糟。公路工程师们早就知道，修建新的车道只是暂时减少拥堵，因为新车道增加了额外的驾驶。）”可知，作者认为现有的比如增加车道目的在不缓解拥堵，但实际上增加了驾驶，从长远看反而对环境有害。故可推测出作者认为这些措施是出自好心，但对环 境有害。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第三句“That means that a new traffic system has to be supported by reduction in car use.(这意味着新的交通系统必须通过减少汽车使用来支持)”和最后一句“No one ever promotes a transportation system by arguing that it would make travelling less convenient—even though, from an environmental perspective, inconvenient travel is a worthy goal.(从来没有人通过争论某个交通系统会使旅行变得不那么方便来推广这个交通系统，尽管从环境角度来看，不方便的旅行是一个值得追求的目标)”可知，在作者眼里，为了缓解环境压力，把开车出行变得不那么方便，不那么让人开心是一个好方法在，这也是他在本文中推崇的。故选D项。 主题02人与自我——消费观念与生活哲学 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·福州第三中学·期末） We have to make certain our limited money is well spent. But what should we spend our money on? A 20-year study conducted by Dr. Gilovich, a professor at Cornell University, reached a powerful and straightforward conclusion: don't spend your money on things. The trouble with things is that the happiness they provide peters out. We get used to new possessions, and what once seemed exciting quickly becomes the norm. We keep raising the bar and always look for an even better one. Possessions, by their nature, cause comparisons. We buy a new car and are thrilled with it until a friend buys a better one — and there's always someone with a better one. Most of us usually assume that the happiness we get from buying something will last as long as the thing itself. It seems intuitive (直觉的) that investing in something we can see, hear, and touch on a permanent basis delivers the best value. But it's not the case at all. Gilovich has found that experiences deliver more-lasting happiness than things. Experiences become a part of our identity. Everyone's experience is unique. We are not our possessions, but we are the accumulation of everything we’ve seen, the things we’ve done, and the places we’ve been to. “Our experiences are a bigger part of ourselves than our material goods,” said Gilovich. “You can really like your material stuff. You can even think that part of your identity is connected to those things, but they remain separate from you. In contrast, your experiences really are part of you. We are the sum total of our experiences.” Besides, we don't compare experiences in the same way that we compare things. It’s hard to quantify the relative value of any two experiences, which makes them that much more enjoyable. And expectation of an experience causes excitement and enjoyment, while expectation of obtaining a possession causes impatience. Experiences are enjoyable from the very first moments of planning, all the way through to the memories you keep forever. The temporary happiness achieved by buying things can be regarded as “puddles of pleasure”. In other words, that kind of happiness evaporates quickly and leaves us wanting more. Things may last longer than experiences, but the memories that remain are what matter most. 1．Which one can replace the underlined words in paragraph 2? A．Dies away. B．Is too little. C．Is not real. D．Costs too much. 2．What does Gilovich think of experiences? A．Experiences deliver less-lasting happiness than things. B．Experiences can exist in our memory forever. C．Our experiences take up all parts of ourselves. D．Our experiences are what separate us from others. 3．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Spiritual wealth is of great value to us. B．Experiences can be compared with each other. C．Expecting an experience increases our feeling of anxiety. D．People are more likely to be impatient when buying things. 4．Which is the main idea of the passage? A．How can we gain happiness with money? B．How can we make happiness last long? C．Why should we spend money on experiences instead of things? D．Why do experiences achieve permanent happiness than things? 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。作者论证说明了一个道理“为什么要把钱花在经历上，而不是事物上”。 1． 词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句后一句“We get used to new possessions, and what once seemed exciting quickly becomes the norm.(我们习惯了新拥有的东西，曾经令人兴奋的东西很快就变成了常态)”可推知，新拥有的东西，能够带来的快乐是短暂的 ，很快就会“消失”，peters out对应的同义词应是“die away”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段提到“Gilovich has found that experiences deliver more-lasting happiness than things. Experiences become a part of our identity. Everyone's experience is unique.(吉洛维奇发现，体验比物质更能带来持久的幸福。经历成为我们身份的一部分。每个人的经历都是独一无二的)”可知，吉洛维奇（Gilovich）认为经历是个人身份的象征，个人的经历形成与他人的区别，因此我们的经历让我们与他人不同。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段首句提到“The trouble with things is that the happiness they provide peters out.(问题是，事物所带来的快乐会逐渐消失)”及第三段首句提到“Gilovich has found that experiences deliver more-lasting happiness than things.(吉洛维奇发现，体验比物质更能带来持久的幸福)”及最后一段最后一句提到“Things may last longer than experiences, but the memories that remain are what matter most.(事物可能比经历更持久，但留下的记忆才是最重要的)”可推知，作者认为，事物可能留存的时间比经历更久，但是并不能带来长久的幸福，而经历留下的精神财富才是最重要的。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文内容特别是最后一段的“In other words, that kind of happiness evaporates quickly and leaves us wanting more. Things may last longer than experiences, but the memories that remain are what matter most.(换句话说，这种幸福很快就蒸发了，让我们想要更多。事情可能比经历更长，但留下的记忆是最重要的)”可知，本文主要讲述了事物能够带来的幸福是短暂，经历留下来的精神财富才是最重要的；再根据第一段首句，引出文章主题“We have to make certain our limited money is well spent. But what should we spend our money on?(我们必须确保有限的钱花得值。但是我们应该把钱花在什么地方呢？)”可知，本文主要想表达的主题是“为什么要把钱花在经历上，而不是事物上呢？”故选C。 主题03人与自我——消费观念与生活哲学 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·福州第八中学·期末） Getting stuck with gifts we do not want is no small problem. In a survey across 14 countries in Europe, meanwhile, 1 in 7 said they were unhappy with what they received for Christmas, yet more than half simply kept the gifts. Why can’t more gifts be passed along to people who appreciate them? People in a study published in the Journal of Consumer Behaviour, for instance, used such words as guilty, lazy, thoughtless and disrespectful in describing their feelings about regifting. Popular culture casts it as taboo (禁忌), as well. However, our research with Francis J. Flynn, a professor of organizational behavior at Stanford University’s Graduate School of Business, suggests the shame associated with regifting is largely unwarranted. Indeed, our research consistently tells us that people overestimate the negative consequences. We asked people to imagine themselves as a “giver,” who gives someone a gift card and later learned it had been regifted. The general attitude of the original givers was: “It’s your gift, do what you want with it.” Next, we asked givers to compare regifting a supposed wristwatch with throwing it in the trash. For the original givers, regifting the watch was a much less offensive act than trashing it. Finally, we invited to our lab at Stanford people who had recently received presents, and divided the people into two groups. When we gave the first group an opportunity to regift that present, 9% did so. When we gave the second group the same opportunity, we added that it was “National Regifting Day”. It wasn't really National Regifting Day, but the group didn’t know that: 30% of them agreed to regift. Everyone has received unwanted gifts in their lives, and generally we will receive more in the future. Our research offers a simple solution to that problem. This holiday season, consider regifting, and encourage receivers of your gifts to do the same if what you gave them isn't quite what they hoped for. 1．Why does the author mention the study in Journal of Consumer Behaviour? A．To highlight the importance of regifting. B．To show people’s attitudes to regifting. C．To challenge the rightness of regifting. D．To express his concern for regifting. 2．What is the meaning of the underlined word “unwarranted”? A．Unnecessary. B．Uncertain. C．Unimportant. D．Unconscious. 3．What do we know about the research? A．9% simply kept unwanted gifts. B．30% didn’t know National Regifting Day. C． Givers generally didn’t mind regifting. D．Receivers tended to trash unwanted gifts. 4．What can we conclude from the text? A．Regifting is offensive. B．Regifting is forbidden. C．Regifting is popular. D．Regifting is acceptable. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人们对转送礼物的看法和态度以及对此进行的调查研究。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段的People in a study published in the Journal of Consumer Behaviour, for instance, used such words as guilty, lazy, thoughtless and disrespectful in describing their feelings about regifting.可知，在《消费者行为杂志》上发表的一项研究中，人们用罪恶，懒惰，沉思和无礼的词语来形容他们对转送礼物的感觉。从而推断出，作者在《消费者行为杂志》中提到该研究是想表明人们对转送礼物的态度。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据第二段的Popular culture casts it as taboo (禁忌), as well.可知，大多数人认为把得到的礼物转送出是一个禁忌，也就是不应该送出去。而第三段就使用了however这个词进行了转折，然而没那么多人觉得这是禁忌，表示这种情况是被高估了的。再根据第三段Indeed, our research consistently tells us that people overestimate the negative consequences.可知，事实上，我们的研究一直告诉我们，人们高估了与转送礼物相关的耻辱的负面后果。可以猜测出上一句意思是：但是，与转送礼物相关的耻辱在很大程度上是没有必要的。因为我们高估了它。所以可以猜出unwarranted的意思是“不必要的”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段的The general attitude of the original givers was: “It’s your gift, do what you want with it. “可知，原始送礼者的总体态度是：“这是您的礼物，随您便吧。”由此可知，一般来说，送礼者都不介意收到礼物的人转送礼物。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的This holiday season, consider regifting, and encourage receivers of your gifts to do the same if what you gave them isn't quite what they hoped for.可知，在这个假期里，如果你给他们的礼物与他们所希望的不符，你可以考虑转送一些礼物，并鼓励接受礼物的人也照做。由此可知，这是在鼓励人们转送礼物，即转送礼物是可以接受的。故选D。 【点睛】依据逻辑推理猜测词义：运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。例如第2小题词义猜测题。考生可以根据该画线词所在的上下文语境来猜测词义。虽然划线词在第三段，但我们要先看第二段。根据第二段的Popular culture casts it as taboo (禁忌), as well.可知，大多数人认为把得到的礼物转送出是一个禁忌， 也就是不应该送出去。而第三段就使用了however这个词进行了转折，然而没那么多人觉得这是禁忌，表示这种情况是被高估了的。所以根据第三段的Indeed, our research consistently tells us that people overestimate the negative consequences.可知，事实上，我们的研究一直告诉我们，人们高估了与转送礼物相关的耻辱的负面后果。也就是说呼应了第二段所说的“禁忌”并没有人们想象的那么大。从而猜测出上一句意思是：但是，与转礼物相关的耻辱在很大程度上是没有必要的。因为我们高估了它。所以可以猜出unwarranted的意思是“不必要的”。故选A。 主题04人与社会——社会公德与见义勇为 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·福建福州联盟校·期末） Two teenagers are being hailed as heroes for saving a man from an oncoming train just seconds before it arrived. Freddie Corbett, 15, and Harley Hollingworth, 16, acted swiftly when they saw a distressed man jump onto the tracks at Bolton train station in South Yorkshire over the weekend. The friends, waiting for the last train home on Saturday night as their 11 p. m. curfew (宵禁) approached, noticed the man and heard him express his intention to end his life. “Freddie shouted out loud to stop the man from doing such silly things. Without hesitation, he jumped onto the tracks despite the oncoming train,” Freddie’s mother, Jill Corbett, told Sky News. Harley, who also leapt onto the tracks to help, said, “I wasn’t worried about the train. I just wanted to make sure Freddie got him off the tracks. We could see the train’s headlights approaching. It’s not a very long bend.” “The train arrived about 45 seconds after we got off,” the man kept saying. “You’re good lads. You could tell the man was struggling.” While awaiting help, Freddie and Harley had a heartfelt conversation with the man, learning about his troubles. Gary Robinson of Network Rail praised the teenagers for their lifesaving actions. In a social media post, Gary wrote. “Tonight a male with intent to self-harm on the railway. . . these two lads were his angels. They dragged him off the railway and talked with him until I arrived. They undoubtedly saved his life! Kids often get a bad press, but with humanity like what these lads showed tonight, we are in safe hands! These two lads are a credit to their parents, and I can’t speak highly enough about them.” Freddie’s father, Billy, from Goldthorpe, expressed his pride, saying both parents felt it was “about time we had some good news and good press about our kids.” Harley’s father, Dale, added, I was buzzing. I'm bursting with pride. He’s just a typical grumpy teenager, but clearly, he has a heart of gold.” 1．What does the underlined word “hailed” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Described. B．Termed. C．Cheated. D．Shown. 2．Why did Freddie and Harley go to Bolton train station? A．To meet their friend. B．To save the strange man. C．To take a train home. D．To take a train to school. 3．What did the two friends’ parents feel about their child? A．Surprised. B．Worried. C．Doubtful. D．Proud. 4．Which should be the best title for this text? A．Man On the Track B．Teenage Heroes C．A Railway Accident D．Teenage Progress 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是新闻报道。描述了两位青少年在火车即将到站时救下一位意图自杀的男子的英勇行为。 1．词句猜测题。根据后文“for saving a man from an oncoming train just seconds before it arrived.(因为他们在即将到来的火车上救了一名男子)”可知，他们救了一名男子，所以应是被描述为英雄，推知hailed意为“描述”，和A项意思相近。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The friends, waiting for the last train home on Saturday night as their 11 p. m. curfew (宵禁) approached, noticed the man and heard him express his intention to end his life.(在周六晚上11点的宵禁临近时，朋友们正在等最后一班回家的火车，他们注意到了这个男人，并听到他表达了结束生命的意图)”可知，两位朋友在火车站是要乘最后一班火车回家。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Freddie’s father, Billy, from Goldthorpe, expressed his pride, saying both parents felt it was “about time we had some good news and good press about our kids.” Harley’s father, Dale, added, I was buzzing. I’m bursting with pride. He’s just a typical grumpy teenager, but clearly, he has a heart of gold.”(弗雷迪的父亲比利(Billy)来自戈德索普(Goldthorpe)，他表达了自己的骄傲，说父母双方都觉得“是时候听到一些关于我们孩子的好消息和正面报道了。”哈利的父亲戴尔(Dale)补充说：“我当时很兴奋。我感到无比自豪。他只是一个典型的脾气暴躁的少年，但显然，他有一颗金子般的心。”)”可知，他们对于孩子的行为 感到非常自豪。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Two teenagers are being hailed as heroes for saving a man from an oncoming train just seconds before it arrived. Freddie Corbett, 15, and Harley Hollingworth, 16, acted swiftly when they saw a distressed man jump onto the tracks at Bolton train station in South Yorkshire over the weekend.(两名青少年被誉为英雄，因为他们在即将到来的火车上救了一名男子。周末，15岁的弗雷迪·科贝特和16岁的哈利·霍林沃思在南约克郡博尔顿火车站看到一名痛苦的男子跳上铁轨后，迅速采取了行动)”以及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是两位少年在火车站救下一位卧轨男士的事迹。因此，选项B“Teenage Heroes(少年英雄)”最适合作本文的标题。故选B项。 主题05人与社会——社会公德与见义勇为 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·福建莆田·期末） Fifteen-year-old Sansa has been writing for eight years and has been working on a book for the past four years. Feeling stuck and unable to write, she started searching for writing groups in Los Angeles, looking for guidance. When she found WriteGirl, she was inspired. Keren Taylor started WriteGirl in 2001 as a way to help teen girls who did not have access to creative writing programs. “Teen girls are incredibly vulnerable (脆弱的) and invisible.” Taylor said. “They really need to be lifted up and inspired.” At WriteGirl, 400 women writers volunteer to mentor (指导) 700 teenagers a year. Every girl who has gone through the mentorship program has gone to college and several have pursued careers as professional writers. Through the program, girls dive into poetry, fiction, songwriting, play and so on, learning techniques from professional women writers. This leads to well-rounded training and sets WriteGirl apart from other organizations. A typical exercise at WriteGirl is mic and rant, a 30-second session before writing for each girl. As a means for teens to get their ideas out, it enables girls to explore anything meaningful to them. “Not the flowery language, or rather, complicated expressions that sound skillful, but more of the natural, this is what I’m thinking and what I’m feeling.” Taylor said. Sansa’s mentor Danyella Wilder is attracted by the long-term nature of mentoring at WriteGirl. “If only I could join in such a program when I was 15! An organization where people spend their time just to tell you, ‘Hey, good job.’ or ‘That was amazing.’ You’re at the age where you need to hear that.” 1．Why did Sansa join WriteGirl? A．To overcome her writing block. B．To train a professional writer. C．To release her negative emotions. D．To acquire a sense of security. 2．What makes WriteGirl different from other organizations? A．It turns teen girls into mentors. B．It ensures girls’ entry to college. C．It aims to produce skilled writers. D．It exposes girls to varied writing styles. 3．What do the underlined words “mic and rant” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．A daily writing task. B．A recitation of poetry. C．A session for idea creation. D．A skillful expression activity. 4．What does Danyella Wilder imply in the last paragraph? A．Mentorship is an amazing pursuit. B．Positive feedback is vital to teen girls. C．Mentoring is a time-consuming process. D．Criticism at a young age can be harmful. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。凯伦·泰勒于2001年创办了“作家女孩”，目的是帮助那些没有机会参加创意写作课程的少女，许多女孩从中获益良多，文章对此进行了详细报道。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Feeling stuck and unable to write, she started searching for writing groups in Los Angeles, looking for guidance.(她觉得自己被困住了，无法写作，于是开始在洛杉矶寻找写作小组，寻求指导。)”可知，珊莎加入“作家女孩”是为了克服写作障碍。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“Through the program, girls dive into poetry, fiction, songwriting, play and so on, learning techniques from professional women writers. This leads to well-rounded training and sets WriteGirl apart from other organizations.(通过这个项目，女孩们深入到诗歌、小说、歌曲创作、戏剧等领域，向职业女作家学习技巧。这导致了全面的培训，并将“作家女孩”与其他组织区分开来)”可知，“作家女孩”与其 他组织的不同之处是它让女孩们接触到不同的写作风格。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段第二句“As a means for teens to get their ideas out, it enables girls to explore anything meaningful to them.(作为青少年表达想法的一种方式，它使女孩们能够探索任何对她们有意义的事情)”可知，mic and rant是指创意创造环节。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“An organization where people spend their time just to tell you, ‘Hey, good job.’ or ‘That was amazing.’ You’re at the age where you need to hear that.(在这样一个组织里，人们花时间只是为了告诉你，‘嘿，干得好。或“太棒了。”你已经到了需要听到这句话的年纪了)”可知，Danyella Wilder在最后一段暗示了积极的反馈对十几岁的女孩来说至关重要。故选B。 主题06人与社会——社会公平与特殊教育 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·福建三明·期末） In Cedars, Pennsylvania, a cafe is giving people with different abilities, and their families a safe and inclusive space to shine. Created in 2022, the cafe was a response to the need in the community for programs that would enable youth with special needs who aged out of school programs to develop social and vocational skills in a nurturing  environment. The cafe was the brainchild of Pennsylvania mom Maureen Stanko, a teacher and musician. She was concerned about what her son Nick, who is neurodivergent (大脑功能异于常人的), would be able to do after graduation. Stanko was so worried that she spoke to Nick’s therapist (治疗专家), Tyler Kammerle, who told her that he dreamed about opening a restaurant to employ people with disabilities. The two worked together — in association with the Pillars of Love and Light Charity — to make this a reality. Two years later, the So Much To Give Inclusive Cafe was born. The inclusive cafe has made a real difference to people’s lives. One of the staff, Lauren Oppelts, suffers from hearing damage and works as a hostess at the cafe. She said, “If you had invited me to be a hostess a year ago, I wouldn’t have believed you. However, I have grown so much self-confidence. I have witnessed the growth in a lot of these employees since the very, very beginning; it’s just exciting.” Stanko did not know if her son Nick would be able to work at the cafe, but it turned out that her son’s performance had gone beyond her expectations. But the cafe is much more than just a workplace. Stanko also wanted to create a space to coach life skills to people with disabilities. That’s why she also opened the Inspiration Studio where music, crafts, and other courses are instructed in addition to life skills. 1．How did Stanko help to create the cafe? A．By developing social skills. B．By team ing up with others. C．By employing the disabled. D．By joining in the program. 2．What can we infer from paragraph 3? A．Nick lacks self-confidence. B．Oppelts dislikes being a hostess. C．The cafe is a life changing place. D．Nick’s performance dissatisfies Stanko. 3．Why did Stanko start the Inspiration Studio? A．To teach life skills. B．To make folk crafts. C．To explore the space. D．To diversify the courses. 4．Which word can best describe Stanko? A．Demanding. B．Thoughtful. C．Proud. D．Humble. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文属于新闻报道。文章报道了在宾夕法尼亚州Cedars开设的一家名为“So Much To Give Inclusive Cafe”的咖啡馆，该咖啡馆旨在为具有不同能力和特殊情况的人群及其家庭提供一个包容和支持的空间，帮助他们发展社交和职业技能。文章通过叙述该咖啡馆的创立背景、运作模式、对员工生活的积极影响，以及创始人Maureen Stanko的初衷和愿景，展示了社会企业如何在社区中发挥积极作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Stanko was so worried that she spoke to Nick’s therapist (治疗专家), Tyler Kammerle, who told her that he dreamed about opening a restaurant to employ people with disabilities. The two worked together — in association with the Pillars of Love and Light Charity — to make this a reality. Two years later, the So Much To Give Inclusive Cafe was born. (Stanko非常担心，于是她联系了Nick的治疗师Tyler Kammerle，后者告诉她，Nick梦想开一家餐馆，雇佣残疾人。两人一起工作——与Pillars of Love and Light Charity合作——使这成为现实。两年后，So Much To Give Inclusive咖啡馆诞生了。)”可知，她是通过团队合作来创建咖啡馆的。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The inclusive cafe has made a real difference to people’s lives. One of the staff, Lauren Oppelts, suffers from hearing damage and works as a hostess at the cafe. She said, “If you had invited me to be a hostess a year ago, I wouldn’t have believed you. However, I have grown so much self-confidence. I have witnessed the growth in a lot of these employees since the very, very beginning; it’s just exciting.” Stanko did not know if her son Nick would be able to work at the cafe, but it turned out that her son’s performance had gone beyond her expectations. (这家包罗万象的咖啡馆确实改变了人们的生活。其中一名员Lauren Oppelts患有听力损伤，在这家咖啡馆担任女迎宾。她说：“如果一年前你邀请我做女迎宾，我不会相信你的。然而，我已经变得如此自信。从一开始，我就见证了很多员工的成长；这太令人兴奋了。”)”可知，第三段通过员工Lauren Oppelts的例子说明了咖啡馆对人们生活的正面影响，这表明咖啡馆是一个改变人生的地方。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But the cafe is much more than just a workplace. Stanko also wanted to create a space to coach life skills to people with disabilities. That’s why she also opened the Inspiration Studio where music, crafts, and other courses are instructed in addition to life skills. (但咖啡馆不仅仅是一个工作场所。Stanko还想创建一个空间来指导残疾人的生活技能。这就是为什么她还开设了Inspiration Studio，除了生活技能之外，还教授音乐，手工艺和其他课程。)”可知，Stanko开设Inspiration Studio的目的之一就是教授生活技能给残障人士，除了音乐、手工艺和其他课程外，还包括生活技能的指导。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第三段中的“The inclusive cafe has made a real difference to people’s lives. One of the staff, Lauren Oppelts, suffers from hearing damage and works as a hostess at the cafe. She said, “If you had invited me to be a hostess a year ago, I wouldn’t have believed you. However, I have grown so much self-confidence. I have witnessed the growth in a lot of these employees since the very, very beginning; it’s just exciting.” Stanko did not know if her son Nick would be able to work at the cafe, but it turned out that her son’s performance had gone beyond her expectations. (这家包罗万象的咖啡馆确实改变了人们的生活。其中一名员Lauren Oppelts患有听力损伤，在这家咖啡馆担任女迎宾。她说：“如果一年前你邀请我做女迎宾，我不会相信你的。然而，我已经变得如此自信。从一开始，我就见证了很多员工的成长；这太令人兴奋了。”)”和最后一段“But the cafe is much more than just a workplace. Stanko also wanted to create a space to coach life skills to people with disabilities. That’s why she also opened the Inspiration Studio where music, crafts, and other courses are instructed in addition to life skills. (但咖啡馆不仅仅是一个工作场所。Stanko还想创建一个空间来指导残疾人的生活技能。这就是为什么她还开设了灵感工作室，除了生活技能之外，还教授音乐，手工艺和其他课程。)”可知，Stanko关注到社区中特殊需求青少年的需求，与他人合作创立了这家既提供工作机会又教授生活技能的咖啡馆，Stanko开设Inspiration Studio的目的之一就是教授生活技能给残障人士，展现了她的周到和体贴。故选B。 主题07人与社会——科技应用与批判性思维 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·福建厦门·期末） If you have used Google lately and been lucky — or unlucky — enough to encounter an answer to your query (查询) rather than a bunch of links, you have been subjected to something called AI Overviews, a new core feature that Google has been rolling out. What’s different about AI Overviews is that answers are not simply extracted from relevant sources but generated behind the scenes by Google’s generative AI technology. The company’s goal is to give you a personalized, on-demand answer instead of a standard set of documents matching your query. But there’s more to the picture. People’s searching needs don’t end with factual information. They look for ideas, opinions and advice. Looking for suggestions about how to keep the cheese from sliding off your pizza? Google will tell you that you should add some glue to the sauce. While a reasonable user can understand that such shocking answers are likely to be wrong, it’s hard to detect that for factual questions. Google has acknowledged issues with AI Overviews and said it has addressed them. But the concern remains: Can you really trust any answers you receive through this service? There are alternatives. You can always go back to the traditional Google search with its 10 blue links. You can then do what you have likely done for decades now — sift through some of the top results, visit a few of those sites and decide for yourself. It does take a little work, but it gives you back the ability to examine multiple sites and evidence to support or disprove something. More importantly, you leave open the possibilities for learning and discovery. AI Overviews is like fast food that gets delivered through a drive-through window—it’s quick, hot and convenient, but not the healthiest choice. Perhaps you can’t afford to eat out at a nice restaurant every time, but it’s important to avoid ending up going through a drive-through for all your nutrition. After all, you are what you eat, and similarly, you are how you search. 1． What is a feature of AI Overviews? A．It highlights the credibility. B．It provides individualized answers. C．It produces optional documents. D．It upgrades generative AI technology. 2．What does the author indicate by mentioning “cheese” and “pizza”? A．Cheese is an important ingredient of pizza. B．People’s needs go beyond mere information. C．AI Overviews deals with factual information well. D．AI Overviews sometimes offers unreasonable responses. 3．What does the underlined phrase “sift through” probably mean in paragraph 4? A．Sort through. B．Wait for. C．Predict. D．Summarize. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．AI Overviews: A Reliable Source for Query B．AI Overviews: The End of Traditional Search Engines C．AI Overviews: Convenience at the Cost of Nutrition D．AI Overviews: The Future of Learning and Discovery 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了谷歌新推出的AI Overviews功能，该功能虽提供便利但可能牺牲搜索结果的全面性和可靠性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The company’s goal is to give you a personalized, on-demand answer instead of a standard set of documents matching your query.(该公司的目标是为您提供个性化的、按需的答案，而不是一组与您的查询相匹配的标准文档)”可知，AI Overviews的一个特点是它提供个性化的答案。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Looking for suggestions about how to keep the cheese from sliding off your pizza? Google will tell you that you should add some glue to the sauce.While a reasonable user can understand that such shocking answers are likely to be wrong, it’s hard to detect that for factual questions.(想知道如何防止奶酪从披萨上滑落吗？谷歌会告诉你，你应该往酱料里加些胶水。尽管一个理智的人可以理解，这种荒谬的答案很可能是错误的，但对于事实性问题，很难检测其准确性)”可推知，作者提到“奶酪”和“披萨”是为了说明AI Overviews有时会给出不合理的回答。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段的“There are alternatives. You can always go back to the traditional Google search with its 10 blue links.(还有其他选择。你总是可以回到传统的谷歌搜索，它有10个蓝色链接)”以及划线单词 所在的句子“visit a few of those sites and decide for yourself.(访问其中一些网站，并自己做出决定)”可知，回到传统的谷歌搜索，通过十个链接去搜索答案，在这些答案中可以筛选一些顶尖的结果，然后自己做出决定。所以“sift through”的意思是“筛选，整理”。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是最后一段的“AI Overviews is like fast food that gets delivered through a drive-through window—it’s quick, hot and convenient, but not the healthiest choice.(AI Overviews就像通过免下车窗口提供的快餐——它快速、热、方便，但不是最健康的选择)”可知，根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了谷歌新推出的AI Overviews功能，该功能虽提供便利但可能牺牲搜索结果的全面性和可靠性。所以“人工智能概述：以营养为代价的便利”适合作本文的标题。故选C。 主题08人与自然——生态保护与可持续旅游 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·福建厦门·期末） OAK HARBOR, OHIO — “Over there!” A tall young man points above the crowd. “A magnolia is moving in the branches.” Named after the tree in which they were discovered, male magnolia warblers are eye-catching birds, with a coal-black mask and a brilliant yellow belly. Bodies and binoculars twist for a look. Camera shutters (快门) click violently, and then only birdsong fills the air again. I’m at the boardwalk of Magee Marsh Wildlife Area, for the annual 10-day Biggest Week in American Birding Festival, created in 2010 by the conservation organization, Black Swamp Bird Observatory. Migrating songbirds, especially warblers, stop here every May, one of the major flyways for bird migration. As the largest birding festival in the U.S., it attracts upward of 90,000 people, bringing in around $40 million to the local economy. Birding enthusiasm is hard to contain. “I pretty much spent whatever I had coming in, and it went out just that fast. Plus five credit cards,” said Greg Miller, a Biggest Week guide and birder. Miller is famous in the avian (鸟类的) world: He inspired the character Brad Harris, played by Jack Black, in the movie The Big Year, in which Jack crosses the country to compete for the Big Year record—a type of treasure hunt to see the most bird species in a year. A similar energy spreads through the gathering today. When a rare bird shows up at Magee Marsh, people will leave wherever they’re at and run to see whatever has shown up. After an exciting morning, I head to Blackberry Comers Tavern, a well-known stop for many Biggest Week attendees. The restaurant is packed with faces I saw earlier on the boardwalk. Birders from across the world are sharing stories and dessert—a mixed crowd on their own migration, following the birds. 1．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 1? A．Introduce a particular bird. B．Explain the rules of birding. C．Unfold a picture of birding. D．Present ways of watching birds. 2．Why is Magee Marsh chosen for the Biggest Week? A．It is popular among birders. B．It advocates bird conservation. C．It matters to the local economy. D．It is a main stopover for migrating birds. 3．What do we know about Greg Miller in paragraph 3? A．He is a former Big Year record winner. B．He hunts for treasure across the country. C．He is willing to invest heavily in birding. D．He motivates Jack to become an actor. 4．What is the text? A．A movie review. B．A research report. C．An ecology leaflet. D．A news feature. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了美国最大的观鸟节——包括观鸟者的热情，观鸟地点的选择，以及观鸟对当地经济的影响等。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“OAK HARBOR, OHIO—“Over there!” A tall young man points above the crowd. “A magnolia is moving in the branches.” Named after the tree in which they were discovered, male magnolia warblers are eye-catching birds, with a coal-black mask and a brilliant yellow belly. Bodies and binoculars twist for a look. Camera shutters (快门) click violently, and then only birdsong fills the air again.”（ OAK HARBOR, OHIO——“在那里!”一个高大的年轻人指着人群上方。“一朵木兰在树枝间移动。” 雄性木兰莺是一种引人注目的鸟类，有着煤黑色的面具和亮黄色的腹部，以它们被发现的树木命名。身体和双筒望远镜扭动着看。相机的快门猛烈地咔嚓一声，然后空气中又充满了鸟鸣。）可知，第一段作者展现了一幅观鸟的画面。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Migrating songbirds, especially warblers, stop here every May, one of the major flyways for bird migration.”（每年五月，尤其是林莺等候鸟，都会在这里停留，这是鸟类迁徙的主要通道之一。）可知，Magee Marsh被选为最大周的地点是因为它是候鸟迁徙的主要停留地。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“I pretty much spent whatever I had coming in, and it went out just that fast. Plus five credit cards,” said Greg Miller, a Biggest Week guide and birder.”（“我几乎花掉了我所有的收入，而且钱出去的速度非常快。另外还有五张信用卡，”最大周的导游和观鸟者格雷格·米勒说。）可知，Greg Miller愿意在观鸟上投入大量的资金。故选C。 4．推理判断题。短文主要讲述了美国最大的观鸟节——美国观鸟最大周的情况，包括观鸟者的热情，观鸟地点的选择，以及观鸟对当地经济的影响等。所以短文是新闻特写。故选D。 2 / 36 1 / 36 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $