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专题02 必修第二册 单元词汇短语句型梳理
Unit1 Cultural Heritage
一、核心单词
1. heritage n. 遗产(指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色)
2. creatively adv. 创造性地;有创造力地
3. creative adj. 创造性的;有创造力的;有创意的
4. preserve vt. 保存;保护;维持;n. 保护区
5. promote vt. 促进;提升;推销;晋级
6. application n. 申请(表);用途;运用;应用(程序)
7. proposal n. 提议;建议
8. protest n. 抗议;vi. & vt.(公开)反对;抗议
9. establish vt. 建立;创立
10. prevent vt. 阻止;阻碍;阻挠
11. contribute vi. & vt. 捐献;捐助
12. investigate vt. & vi. 调查;研究
13. issue n. 重要议题;争论的问题;vt. 宣布;公布
14. conduct n. 行为;举止;管理方法;vt. 组织;安排;带领
15. document n. 文件;公文;(计算机)文档;vt. 记录;记载(详情)
16. donate vi.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠;赠送;献(血);vt. 向……捐赠……
17. disappear vi. 消失;灭绝;消亡
18. attempt n. & vt. 企图;试图;尝试
19. worthwhile adj. 值得做的;值得花时间的
20. professional adj. 专业的;职业的;n. 专业人员;职业选手
21. entrance n. 入口;进入
22. process n. 过程;进程;步骤;vt. 处理;加工
23. forgive vt. & vi.(forgave, forgiven)原谅;宽恕;vt. 对不起;请原谅
24. quality n. 质量;品质;素质;特征;adj. 优质的;高质量的
25. further adv.(far 的比较级)更远;进一步
26. historic adj. 历史上著名(或重要)的;有史时期的
27. comparison n. 比较;相比
28. contrast n. 对比;对照;vt. 对比;对照
29. identify vt. 确认;认出;找到
二、单词拓展
1.create v. 创造 → creative adj. 创造性的;有创造力的;有创意的 → creatively adv. 创造性地;有创造力地
2.preserve vt. 保存;保护;维持 n. 保护区 → preservation n. 保存;保护;维护 → preservative adj. 防腐的;保护性的
3.promote vt. 促进;提升;推销;晋级 → promotion n. 提升;晋升;推销;促销 → promotional adj. 促销的;推广的
4.balance n. 平衡;均匀 vt. 使平衡 → balanced adj. 平衡的;均衡的 → unbalanced adj. 不平衡的;失衡的
5.propose n. 提议;建议 → proposal n. 提议;建议;提案 → proposed adj. 被提议的;建议的
6.protest n. 抗议 vi. & vt.(公开)反对;抗议 → protestor n. 抗议者;反对者 → protestant adj. 抗议的;反对的
7.likely adj. 可能的 adv. 可能地 → unlikely adj. 不可能的;未必的 → likelihood n. 可能性;可能
8.limit n. 限度;限制 vt. 限制;限定 → limited adj. 有限的 → limitation n. 限制;局限;限制因素
9.prevent vt. 阻止;阻碍;阻挠 → prevention n. 预防;阻止;防止 → preventive adj. 预防的;防止的
10.contribute vi. & vt. 捐献;捐助 → contribution n. 捐款;贡献;捐赠 → contributor n. 贡献者;捐助者
11.investigate vt. & vi. 调查;研究 → investigation n. 调查;研究 → investigator n. 调查员;研究者
12.conduct n. 行为;举止;管理方法 vt. 组织;安排;带领 → conduction n. 传导;输送 → conductor n. 指挥;售票员;导体
13.document n. 文件;公文;(计算机)文档 vt. 记录;记载(详情)→ documentary adj. 文件的;记录的 n. 纪录片
14.donate vi.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠;赠送;献(血) vt. 向…… 捐赠…… → donation n. 捐赠;捐献 → donor n. 捐赠者;捐献者
15.disappear vi. 消失;灭绝;消亡 → disappearance n. 消失;不见;失踪
16.process n. 过程;进程;步骤 vt. 处理;加工→ processed adj. 经过加工的
17.forgive vt. & vi.(forgave, forgiven)原谅;宽恕 vt. 对不起;请原谅 → forgiveness n. 原谅;宽恕 → forgiving adj. 宽容的;仁慈的
18.digital adj. 数码的;数字显示的 → digitally adv. 数字地;数码地 → digitalize vt. 使数字化
19.historic adj. 历史上著名(或重要)的;有史时期的 → historical adj. 历史的;有关历史的
20.compare v. 比较;对比 → comparison n. 比较;相比 → comparative adj. 比较的;相对的
21.identify vt. 确认;认出;找到 → identification n. 识别;确认;身份证明 → identifiable adj. 可识别的;可辨认的
三、常考单词
1. heritage n. 遗产(指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色)
背重点
背写作佳句
1) cultural heritage 文化遗产
2) protect/preserve heritage 保护遗产
3) heritage site 遗产地
① It is our duty to protect our cultural heritage for future generations.(议论文)保护文化遗产是我们对后代的责任。② Many ancient heritage sites are facing serious threats from natural disasters.(说明文)许多古老的遗产地正面临自然灾害的严重威胁。
2.creative adj. 创造性的;有创造力的;有创意的
背重点
背写作佳句
1) creative ideas 创意 / 想法
2) be creative with 在…… 方面有创意
3) creativity n. 创造力;创造性
4) creatively adv. 创造性地
① A creative mind can help us solve problems in new ways.(议论文)富有创造力的思维能帮助我们用新方法解决问题。
② Teachers encourage students to be creative and think outside the box.(记叙文)老师鼓励学生发挥创意,打破常规思维。
3. preserve vt. 保存;保护;维持 n. 保护区
背重点
背写作佳句
1) preserve cultural relics 保护文物
2) preserve from 保护…… 免受……
3) preservation n. 保护;保存
4) a nature preserve 自然保护区
① The local government has taken measures to preserve the old temple.(说明文)当地政府已采取措施保护这座古庙。
② We should do our part to preserve the environment for future.(议论文)我们应为保护环境尽一份力,造福未来。
4.promote vt. 促进;提升;推销;晋级
背重点
背写作佳句
1) promote cultural exchange 促进文化交流
2) promote the development of 促进…… 的发展
3) promote sb. to… 提拔某人至……
4) promotion n. 提升;推广;促销
① The activity aims to promote understanding between different cultures.(说明文)这项活动旨在促进不同文化间的理解。
② Regular exercise can promote both physical and mental health.(议论文)规律运动能促进身心健康。
5. contribute vi. & vt. 捐献;捐助;促成
背重点
背写作佳句
1) contribute to 促成;导致;有助于;投稿
2) contribute money to 向…… 捐款
3) contribution n. 贡献;捐款
4) make a contribution to 对…… 做出贡献
① Every student can contribute to making our school a better place.(倡议书)每个学生都能为建设更好的校园贡献力量。② Too much stress contributes to many health problems.(议论文)压力过大会导致多种健康问题。
6. limit n. 限度;限制 vt. 限制;限定
背重点
背写作佳句
1) set a limit to 对…… 设限
2) without limit 无限地
3) limit sth. to 把…… 限制在……
4) limited adj. 有限的
5) limitation n. 限制;局限
① We should learn to limit our time spent on mobile phones.(议论文)我们应学会限制花在手机上的时间。
② Due to limited resources, we need to use them wisely.(说明文)由于资源有限,我们需要明智使用。
7.prevent vt. 阻止;阻碍;阻挠
背重点
背写作佳句
1) prevent…from (doing) sth. 阻止…… 做某事
2) take measures to prevent 采取措施预防3) prevention n. 预防;防止
① We must take action to prevent pollution from getting worse.(议论文)我们必须采取行动防止污染恶化。
② Wearing masks can help prevent the spread of illness.(说明文)戴口罩有助于预防疾病传播。
8. disappear vi. 消失;灭绝;消亡
背重点
背写作佳句
1) disappear from view/sight 消失不见
2) die out/disappear 灭绝
3) disappearance n. 消失;失踪
① Many rare animals are in danger of disappearing forever.(说明文)许多珍稀动物面临永久灭绝的危险。
② The old traditions are slowly disappearing with time.(记叙文)这些古老的传统正随时间慢慢消失。
9. attempt n. & vt. 企图;试图;尝试
背重点
背写作佳句
1) attempt to do sth. 尝试 / 试图做某事2) make an attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事3) in an attempt to do sth. 为了做某事
① He made his first attempt to climb the mountain at the age of 16.(记叙文)他 16 岁时第一次尝试攀登这座山。
② The team is attempting to find a new way to solve the problem.(说明文)团队正试图找到解决问题的新方法。
10.conduct vt. 组织;安排;带领;指挥 n. 行为;举止
背重点
背写作佳句
1) conduct a survey/research 做调查 / 研究2) conduct an experiment 做实验3) conduct oneself 表现;举止
① The students conducted a survey on students’ reading habits.(记叙文)学生们做了一项关于阅读习惯的调查。② He is a good student with good conduct at school.(记叙文)他是个在校表现良好的好学生。
11. donate vi. & vt. 捐赠;赠送;献(血)
背重点
背写作佳句
1) donate sth. to sb./sth. 向…… 捐赠某物2) donate blood 献血
3) donation n. 捐赠;捐款
① Many people donated money to help the homeless children.(记叙文)许多人捐款帮助无家可归的孩子。② It’s meaningful to donate books to children in poor areas.(议论文)给贫困地区的孩子捐书很有意义。
12. historic adj. 历史上著名(或重要)的;有史时期的
背重点
背写作佳句
1) historic site/building 历史遗迹 / 建筑2) historic moment/event 历史性时刻 / 事件3) historical adj. 历史的;有关历史的
① The Great Wall is one of China’s most famous historic sites.(说明文)长城是中国最著名的历史遗迹之一。② This agreement marks a historic change in our relationship.(议论文)这项协议标志着我们关系的历史性转变。
13. establish vt. 建立;创立
背重点
背写作佳句
1) establish a club/school 建立俱乐部 / 学校2) establish rules 制定规则3) establish a good relationship with… 与…… 建立良好关系4) establishment n. 机构;设立
① The school established a new club to encourage students to read more.(记叙文)学校成立了一个新俱乐部,鼓励学生多读书。② It is important to establish good learning habits at the beginning.(议论文)一开始就养成良好的学习习惯很重要。
14.investigate vt. & vi. 调查;研究
背重点
背写作佳句
1) investigate the cause of… 调查…… 的原因2) carry out/conduct an investigation 进行调查3) investigation n. 调查;研究
① The police are still investigating the cause of the accident.(说明文)警方仍在调查事故原因。② Scientists are investigating how climate change affects local plants.(说明文)科学家正在研究气候变化对当地植物的影响。
15. issue n. 重要议题;争论的问题 vt. 宣布;公布
背重点
背写作佳句
1) a key/serious issue 关键 / 严重问题2) solve/address an issue 解决 / 处理问题3) public issues 公共问题
① Environmental protection is a major issue for our society today.(议论文)环保是当今社会的重大议题。② The government has issued new rules to protect the old buildings.(说明文)政府已发布新规保护古建筑。
16.worthwhile adj. 值得做的;值得花时间的
背重点
背写作佳句
1) be worthwhile to do sth. /doing sth. 做某事是值得的2) a worthwhile experience 一次有价值的经历
① Volunteering in the countryside was a truly worthwhile experience for me.(记叙文)去乡村做志愿者对我来说是一段非常有意义的经历。② It is worthwhile to take time to learn about our cultural heritage.(议论文)花时间了解我们的文化遗产是值得的。
17.likely adj. 可能的 adv. 可能地
背重点
背写作佳句
1) be likely to do sth. 可能做某事
2) It is likely that… 很可能……
3) unlikely adj. 不可能的
① It is likely that we will have more activities next semester.(记叙文)我们下学期很可能会有更多活动。② He is likely to become a great artist in the future.(议论文)他将来很可能会成为一名伟大的艺术家。
18.process n. 过程;进程;步骤 vt. 处理;加工
背重点
背写作佳句
1) in the process of doing sth. 在做某事的过程中
2) the learning process 学习过程
3) process information/data 处理信息 / 数据
① You will learn a lot in the process of preparing for the exam.(议论文)你会在备考过程中学到很多东西。② The factory uses new machines to process food safely.(说明文)工厂使用新机器安全加工食品。
四.单元短语
学科网(北京)股份有限公1 / 49
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1.take part in 参与(某事);参加(某活动)
2.give way to 让步;屈服
3.keep balance 保持平衡
4.lead to 导致
5.prevent … from … 阻止;不准
6.turn to 向…… 求助
7.make sure 确保;设法保证
8.make a proposal 提出建议
9.all over the world 在世界各地
五.单元佳句
1.句式:定语从句(which/who/that 引导)
【教材】A group of researchers and scientists from China and other countries are working together to help increase knowledge and appreciation of China’s ancient cultural heritage. They are recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from the Mogao Caves, which were a key stop along the Silk Road throughout China’s ancient history.
来自中国及其他国家的研究人员和科学家们正携手合作,帮助增进人们对中国古代文化遗产的了解与欣赏。他们正在记录和收集莫高窟文物的数字图像,而莫高窟是中国古代丝绸之路上的重要一站。
2.句式:被动语态(现在完成时)
【教材】Nearly 500,000 high-quality digital photographs have been produced since the international project started in 1994.
自 1994 年该国际项目启动以来,已拍摄了近 50 万张高质量的数字照片。
3.句式:倒装句(Not only...but also...)
【教材】Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.
这些国家不仅找到了一条不践踏过去遗迹的未来之路,还学会了各国可以携手共创更美好的明天。
4.句式:非谓语动词作状语
【教材】Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.
寺庙和其他文化遗址被逐块拆解,然后迁移并重新组装到一个不受水患威胁的安全地点。
六.单元语法
限制性&非限制性定语从句、现在完成时被动语态
一、限制性定语从句
1. 核心定义
对先行词进行必要限定、精准界定范围,是先行词不可缺失的核心修饰成分。删除从句后主句语义残缺、指代模糊,从句与主句紧密衔接,无逗号分隔,属于句子核心成分。
2. 标准句式结构
先行词 + 关系代词/关系副词 + 定语从句(严格陈述语序,不倒装)
3. 关系词完整选用体系
先行词指人,从句缺主语/宾语:优先 who,通用 that
先行词指物,从句缺主语/宾语:优先 which,通用 that
先行词表地点,从句缺地点状语:用 where
先行词表时间,从句缺时间状语:用 when
先行词表原因,从句缺原因状语:用 why
4. 高考重难点:只用that、不用which的5种必考特例(高考单选/语法填空高频)
先行词被序数词(first、last)、最高级(best、most)修饰时
先行词被 all、little、much、no、every、any、few 等不定代词修饰时
先行词同时包含“人+物”两类名词时
先行词被 the only、the very、the just 修饰时
主句以 who、which 开头的特殊疑问句,避免重复只用 that
5. 宾语省略规则(高考填空必考)
限制性定语从句中,关系代词(who/which/that)在从句中作宾语时,可直接省略;作主语时,绝对不可省略。语法填空无提示词时,优先考虑省略关系代词。
6. 高考新增易错点(高频丢分)
what 绝对不能引导定语从句(终极陷阱)
先行词为 time 表“次数”,引导词用 that 且可省略
先行词为 way 表方式,缺状语可用 that/in which/省略
7. 高考补充必考细节
介词+关系代词:定语从句拔高考点,介词由从句固定搭配、先行词搭配决定,只能用 which/whom,禁用 that
关系代词 whose 万能用法:可修饰人/物,表“……的”,whose + 名词 = of which + the + 名词,高考填空高频变形
定语从句主谓一致:从句谓语单复数跟随先行词,不随主句主语变化,改错高频易错
二、非限制性定语从句(高考拔高重难点·语法填空/改错必出)
1. 核心定义
对先行词进行补充说明、附加信息拓展,不限制先行词范围,属于句子修饰成分。删除从句后主句语义完整通顺,必须用逗号与主句隔开,全程禁用that。
2. 标准句式结构
先行词 + 逗号 + which/who/where/when + 完整从句
3. 高考核心考点(满分万能句型)
which 可指代前文整句话的整件事,不局限于指代单个先行词,多用于阐述事件意义、影响、结果,是高考作文结尾升华核心句型。
4. 高考必考关系词禁忌&辨析
禁止用 that、why 引导非限制性定语从句
指代整件事只能用 which;as 多用于“正如、众所周知”,位置可前置
非限制性从句中,who/which 绝对不可替换为 that
5. 高考终极辨析
限制性:无逗号、表限定、缺之句意残缺、可用that
非限制性:有逗号、表补充、缺之句意完整、禁用that
6. 高考冷门考点
数词/代词 + of which/whom(most of which、some of whom)是非限制性定语从句高频高级结构,高考语法填空必考。
7. 新增高考拔高知识点
as与which指代整句区别:as可前置、中置、后置,表“正如”;which只能后置,表“结果、转折”
非限制性定语从句无省略用法,所有关系词必须写出,不可省略
专有名词、独一无二名词后必须接非限制性定语从句,禁止用限制性从句
三、现在完成时被动语态(高考时态核心·文体专属)
1. 完整句式结构
主语 + have/has + been + 过去分词(been为被动标志,绝对不可省略)
2. 核心时态逻辑(高考时态辨析核心)
动作发生在过去,侧重强调对现在产生的结果、影响、状态留存,不强调动作执行者,语气客观正式,适配书面文体。
3. 高考专属标志词
since、so far、in recent years、over the past few years、in the last decade、already、yet、up to now
4. 高考时态终极辨析(改错/填空高频)
一般过去时被动:仅陈述过去动作,与现在无关联、无留存影响
现在完成时被动:过去动作持续影响至今,强调当下状态结果
5. 高考易错点
短暂性动词(finish、complete、repair)完成时被动可与时间段连用
been 漏写、过去分词变形错误是高考第一失分点
主谓一致:单数主语用has been done,复数用have been done
6. 新增高考核心考点
现在完成时被动无进行时态,不存在have/has been being done结构,属于语法错误
固定句型:It has been + 时间段 + since...(被动句式高频套用)
被动语态中,by+动作执行者可省略,是书面文体默认用法
延续性动词优先用于完成时被动,适配长期保护、修缮类语境
七.单元写作
文化遗产保护新闻报道
本篇为新闻报道,主要介绍文化遗产现状、受损原因、保护措施及保护意义。语言客观正式,以一般现在时、现在完成时、一般过去时为主,多使用第三人称叙述。
[基本框架]
开头:新闻导语,交代时间、地点与文化遗产保护这一核心事件
主体:描述文物受损情况,介绍政府、专家、志愿者开展的各项保护工作
结尾:点明文化遗产的价值,阐述保护意义,发出呼吁并展望未来
[常用词块]
cultural heritage 文化遗产
cultural relics 文物古迹
ancient buildings 古建筑
fall into ruin 沦为废墟
suffer damage 遭受破坏
launch a protection project 启动保护工程
restore ancient buildings 修复古建筑
raise public awareness 提高公众意识
make joint efforts 齐心协力
pass down from generation to generation 代代相传
[常用语句]
★ 精彩开头
Recently, a large-scale protection project has been launched to protect our local ancient cultural relics.
Due to natural factors and human activities, many ancient sites are facing serious damage.
It is reported that the ancient town has suffered great losses from years of wind and rain erosion.
To better preserve our cultural treasures, the local government has taken a series of effective measures.
★ 正文佳句
Professional experts were invited to repair the damaged buildings and restore their original appearance.
Modern technology is used to record every detail of the cultural heritage.
Volunteers take an active part in protecting our precious historical treasures.
The project not only repairs damaged relics but also helps spread traditional local culture.
More citizens are aware of the importance of heritage protection and join in voluntary work.
★ 余味结尾
Protecting cultural heritage is our responsibility and it deserves our full attention.
Only by joint efforts can we pass down our traditional culture to future generations.
Cultural heritage is the symbol of our long history and splendid traditional culture.
We should cherish and protect these precious relics so that they can shine forever.
请写一篇英语新闻报道,介绍你所在城市开展的文化遗产保护工作。
Old Town Gets Full Protection
Recently, a large-scale protection project has been launched in our city to save an ancient town with a history of over 800 years.
For years, the old town has suffered serious damage from wind and rain, and some traditional houses even fell into ruin. To change this situation, the local government took immediate action. Professional experts were invited to repair the ancient buildings, and modern technology was used to record every detail of the relics. Besides, many local volunteers joined in the work, helping clean the old streets and introduce the town’s history to visitors.
Cultural heritage is the treasure of all human beings. It carries our history and traditional culture. Protecting it is not only the duty of the government, but also of every citizen. We believe that with joint efforts, the ancient town will regain its beauty and be well preserved for future generations to enjoy.
Unit 2 Wildlife Protection
一、核心单词
1. poster n. 海报
2. illegal adj. 不合法的;非法的
3. immediately adv. 立刻
4. die out 灭亡;逐渐消失
5. alarm vt. 使惊恐;使害怕;使担心;n. 恐慌;警报;警报器
6. rate n. 速度;(比)率;vt. 划分等级
7. extinct adj. 已灭绝的
8. aware adj. 知道;发觉;有……意识的
9. endanger vt. 使遭受危险;危害
10. living adj. 居住的;活的;在用的;n. 生活;生计
11. adapt vi. 适应;vt. 使适应;使适合
12. measure n. 措施;方法;vt. 测量;度量;估量
13. authority n. 官方;当权;权威
14. pressure n. 压力;要求
15. reserve n. (动植物)保护区;储藏(量);vt. 预订;预留;保留
16. observe vt. 观察(到);注视;遵守
17. remind vt. 提醒;使想起
18. profit n. 利润;利益
19. attack n., vi. & vt. 攻击;抨击
20. effective adj. 有效的;生效的
21. recover vi. 恢复;康复;vt. 找回;寻回
22. remove vt. 去除;移开;脱去
23. intend vi. & vt. 打算;计划;想要
24. threaten vt. 威胁;危及
25. exist vi. 存在;生存
26. harmony n. 和谐;融洽
27. creature n. 生物;动物
28. reduce vt. 减少
二、单词拓展
1. illegal adj. 不合法的;非法的 → illegally adv. 不合法地;非法地
2. hunt vt. & vi. 打猎;搜寻;追捕 → hunter n. 猎人
3. alarm vt. 使惊恐;使害怕;使担心 → alarming adj. 惊人的;使人惊恐的
4. extinct adj. 已灭绝的 → extinction n. 灭绝
5. adapt vi. 适应 vt. 使适应;使适合 → adaptation n. 适应;改编本 → adaptable adj. 能适应的;适应性强的
6. observe vt. 观察(到);注视;遵守 → observation n. 观察;观测 → observer n. 观察者;观测者
7. remind vt. 提醒;使想起 → reminder n. 提醒物;提示
8. shoot vt. & vi. 射杀;射伤;发射 → shot n. 射击;开枪
9. attack n., vi. & vt. 攻击;抨击 → attacker n. 攻击者;袭击者
10. effective adj. 有效的;生效的 → effect n. 效果;影响 → effectively adv. 有效地
11. recover vi. 恢复;康复 vt. 找回;寻回 → recovery n. 恢复;康复
12. intend vi. & vt. 打算;计划;想要 → intention n. 意图;打算 → intentional adj. 故意的;有意的
13. threat n. 威胁 → threaten vt. 威胁;危及 → threatening adj. 威胁的;恐吓的
14. exist vi. 存在;生存 → existence n. 存在;生存 → existing adj. 现存的;现行的
15. reduce vt. 减少 → reduction n. 减少;降低
16. harm vt. 伤害;损害 → harmful adj. 有害的 → harmless adj. 无害的
17. live v. 居住;生活 → living adj. 活的;在用的 → alive adj. 活着的;有生气的
18. concern vt. 涉及;让……担忧 → concerned adj. 担心的;关切的 → concerning prep. 关于
19. protect vt. 保护 → protection n. 保护 → protective adj. 保护的;防护的
20. differ v. 不同;相异 → different adj. 不同的 → difference n. 差异;不同
三、常考单词
1. die out 灭亡;逐渐消失
背重点
背写作佳句
1) species die out 物种灭绝
2) die out forever 永远消失
3) die away (声音 / 风)逐渐消失
① If we don’t protect them, many animals will die out soon.(议论文)如果我们不保护它们,很多动物很快就会灭绝。
② Some old traditions are dying out in modern society.(记叙文)一些古老的传统正在现代社会中慢慢消失。
2. adapt v. 适应;使适应
背重点
背写作佳句
1) adapt to (doing) sth. 适应(做)某事
2) adapt oneself to… 使自己适应……
3) adaptation n. 适应;改编本
① It took her a few months to adapt to the new school life.(记叙文)她花了几个月时间才适应新的学校生活。
② The plants have adapted to living in dry conditions.(说明文)这些植物已经适应了在干燥环境中生存。
3.concern vt. 使担忧;涉及 n. 担忧;关切
背重点
背写作佳句
1) be concerned about 关心;担忧
2) as far as I’m concerned 就我而言
3) concerning prep. 关于
①Many people are concerned about the effect of climate change.许多人都很担忧气候变化的影响。
②As far as I’m concerned, protecting wild animals is everyone’s responsibility.就我而言,保护野生动物是每个人的责任。
4.reduce vt. 减少;降低
背重点
背写作佳句
1) reduce pollution 减少污染
2) reduce the risk of… 降低…… 的风险3) reduction n. 减少;降低
① We can reduce waste by using reusable bags instead of plastic ones.我们可以用可重复使用的袋子代替塑料袋来减少浪费。
② Regular exercise can reduce the risk of many diseases.(议论文)规律运动可以降低多种疾病的风险。
5. threaten vt. 威胁;危及
背重点
背写作佳句
1) threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事
2) be threatened with extinction 面临灭绝威胁
3) threat n. 威胁
① Many rare species are threatened with extinction due to human activities.(说明文)由于人类活动,许多珍稀物种正面临灭绝威胁。
② Pollution is threatening the survival of marine life.(议论文)污染正威胁着海洋生物的生存。
6.aware adj. 知道;发觉;有…… 意识的
背重点
背写作佳句
1) be aware of 意识到;知道
2) become aware of 开始意识到
3) awareness n. 意识;认识
① More people are becoming aware of the importance of protecting wildlife.(议论文)越来越多的人开始意识到保护野生动物的重要性。
② He was not aware of the danger until it was too late.(记叙文)他直到为时已晚才意识到危险。
7. extinct adj. 已灭绝的
背重点
背写作佳句
1) become extinct 灭绝
2) extinct species 已灭绝的物种
3) extinction n. 灭绝
① Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years.(说明文)恐龙已经灭绝数百万年了。
② Some animals are on the edge of becoming extinct.(议论文)有些动物正处于灭绝的边缘。
8.exist vi. 存在;生存
背重点
背写作佳句
1) exist in 存在于…… 中
2) exist on 靠…… 生存
3) existence n. 存在;生存
① Many rare animals exist only in this special forest.(说明文)许多珍稀动物只存在于这片特殊的森林中。
② Life cannot exist without water and air.(议论文)没有水和空气,生命就无法存在。
9. effective adj. 有效的;生效的
背重点
背写作佳句
1) an effective way to do sth. 做某事的有效方法
2) take effective measures 采取有效措施3) effectively adv. 有效地
① We must take effective measures to stop illegal hunting.(议论文)我们必须采取有效措施制止非法捕猎。
② Recycling is an effective way to reduce waste.(说明文)回收利用是减少浪费的有效方法。
10.measure n. 措施;方法 vt. 测量;度量
背重点
背写作佳句
1) take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
2) effective measures 有效措施
3) measure the size/weight 测量尺寸 / 重量
① The government has taken strong measures to protect endangered animals.(说明文)政府已采取有力措施保护濒危动物。
② It is time for us to take measures to improve the environment.(议论文)是时候采取措施改善环境了。
11. harmony n. 和谐;融洽
背重点
背写作佳句
1) live in harmony with 与…… 和谐相处2) in harmony with 与…… 协调一致
① We should learn to live in harmony with nature.我们应该学会与自然和谐相处。
② The animals and plants live in perfect harmony in this area.(说明文)这片区域的动植物和谐共生。
12.remind vt. 提醒;使想起
背重点
背写作佳句
1) remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
2) remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
3) reminder n. 提醒物;提示
① The picture reminds me of my happy childhood.(记叙文)这张照片让我想起了快乐的童年。
② Please remind me to turn off the lights before leaving.(应用文)请提醒我离开前关灯。
13.illegal adj. 不合法的;非法的
背重点
背写作佳句
1) illegal hunting/poaching 非法捕猎
2) illegal activities 非法活动
3) illegally adv. 非法地
① Illegal hunting has caused a sharp drop in the number of tigers.(说明文)非法捕猎导致老虎数量急剧下降。
② It is illegal to trade protected animals.(议论文)交易受保护的动物是违法的。
14.threat n. 威胁
背重点
背写作佳句
1) a threat to… 对…… 的威胁
2) pose a threat to 对…… 构成威胁
3) threaten v. 威胁;危及
① Climate change is a major threat to many animal species.(说明文)气候变化对许多动物物种构成重大威胁。
② Pollution poses a serious threat to our environment.(议论文)污染对我们的环境构成了严重威胁。
15. due to 由于;因为
背重点
背写作佳句
1) due to + 名词 / 代词 / 动名词 由于2) be due to do sth. 预定做某事
3) because of(同义短语)
① Many animals are in danger due to human activities.(说明文)由于人类活动,许多动物正处于危险之中。
② The sports meeting was put off due to the bad weather.(记叙文)由于天气不好,运动会推迟了。
四.单元短语
1.die out 灭亡;逐渐消失
2.adapt to 适应
3.on average 平均
4.concerned about 对…… 关切的;为…… 担忧的
5.under pressure 在压力下;承受压力
6.make out 看清;听清;分清
7.watch over 保护;照管;监督
8.day and night 日日夜夜;夜以继日
9.stir up 激起
10.due to 由于;因为
11.search for 搜索;查找
五.单元佳句
1. 句式:被动语态(现在进行时)
【教材】They are being hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur.
它们正因珍贵的皮毛而遭到非法猎杀。
2. 句式:定语从句(which/that引导)
【教材】The reserve is a shelter for the animals and plants that live in northwestern Tibet.
该保护区是生活在西藏西北部的动植物的庇护所。
3. 句式:倒装句(Only + 状语放句首)
【教材】Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
只有当我们学会与自然和谐共处时,我们才能停止对野生动物和我们星球的威胁。
4. 句式:when it comes to... 固定句型
【教材】When it comes to wildlife protection, all species should be treated equally.
谈到野生动物保护,所有物种都应被平等对待。
5. 句式:There be 句型的被动变形 / 现在进行时被动
【教材】Billions of trees are being cut down every year to make paper for humans.
每年有数十亿棵树木被砍伐,为人类造纸。
六.单元语法
现在进行时被动语态
一、现在进行时被动语态(高考时态重难点)
1. 固定结构公式
am/is/are + being + 过去分词
2. 核心语法含义
强调此时此刻、现阶段正在发生的被动动作,具备强动态感、画面感,侧重动作正在进行、尚未结束。
3. 高考致命易错点
being 是进行时态的核心标志,绝对不能省略;省略后直接变为一般现在时被动,丢失“正在进行”时态含义,高考改错高频扣分。
4. 高考时态终极辨析
一般现在时被动:表常态、客观事实、习惯性动作,无动态感
现在进行时被动:表现阶段临时动作、正在发生的变化、危急现状
5. 高考冷门考点
现阶段持续的状态(nowadays、at present、these days)固定搭配现在进行时被动,是高考语法填空隐形提示词。
6. 高考必考细节
无被动语态动词:happen、occur、take place、last、appear 等不及物动词/短语,无进行被动形式,高考改错高频陷阱
语境限定:描写当下正在发生的环境破坏、物种伤害,必须用此时态,时态误用直接扣分
否定结构:am/is/are + not + being done,not位置固定,不可乱序
二、现在分词doing作结果状语(高考写作满分句型·必考)
1. 基础结构
完整主句 + 逗号 + doing(结果状语)
2. 核心逻辑规则
doing 动作由主句主语发出,表主句动作自然而然、顺势产生的结果,无需人为刻意干预,侧重因果顺承。
3. 高考句式辨析(超级高频)
doing:顺其自然、必然结果(高考90%场景使用)
to do:出乎意料、意外结果(仅用于负面意外结局)
4. 高考语法硬性规则(改错必考点)
分词逻辑主语必须与主句主语完全一致,主语不一致即为悬垂分词,属于高考语法重大错误。
5. 高考拔高用法
可与非限制性定语从句(which引导)互换改写,实现句式升级,适配高考作文句式多样性要求。
6. 新增细分考点
分词完成式 having done:表动作先于主句动作完成,侧重先后顺序,高考高级写作加分点
结果状语分词只能置于句末,不可前置,句式位置固定
否定形式:not doing,not必须置于分词前,不可后置
三、Only+状语 部分倒装(高考倒装核心·结尾升华必考)
1. 严格倒装结构
Only + 时间/条件/方式/地点状语(短语/从句)+ 助动词/情态动词/be动词 + 主语 + 实义动词
2. 高考核心规则(超级易错)
Only 修饰状语,主句部分倒装
Only 修饰主语,句式绝对不倒装(高考最大陷阱)
仅主句倒装,Only后的状语从句始终用陈述语序(永不倒装)
3. 高考拓展倒装细节
时态保持一致,倒装仅调整语序,不改变时态;有情态动词提前情态动词,无情态动词根据时态加do/does/did。
4. 新增高考倒装必考知识点
倒装句时态不变,主谓一致规则不变,仅调整语序
Only+状语置于句中/句末,无需倒装,仅句首修饰状语才倒装
同类倒装拓展:Never、Hardly、Seldom 等否定词置句首全倒装,适配同类题型
5. 语法功能
强调唯一条件、必要途径,语气强烈庄重,是高考作文结尾升华、观点总结、呼吁倡议的顶级满分句型。
七.单元写作
海报
本篇为宣传海报,介绍野生动物生存现状、濒危原因,列举可行的保护举措并发出倡议。语言简洁有力、富有号召力,以一般现在时为主,多使用第二人称。
[基本框架]
开头:使用醒目标题,点明野生动物濒临灭绝的严峻现状
主体:分析物种濒危的原因,列举普通人可以践行的保护行动
结尾:发出呼吁,号召大家行动起来,与自然和谐共处
[常用词块]
endangered species 濒危物种
on the edge of extinction 濒临灭绝
natural habitat 自然栖息地
illegal hunting 非法捕猎
destroy living environments 破坏生存环境
break the balance of nature 打破生态平衡
refuse animal products 拒绝动物制品
take action 采取行动
live in harmony with nature 与自然和谐共处
make a big difference 产生巨大影响
[常用语句]
★ 精彩开头
Many wild animals are in great danger and some are dying out.
Nowadays, a growing number of wildlife species are on the edge of extinction.
Human activities have caused great threats to the survival of wild animals.
The destruction of natural environments has made it hard for wild animals to survive.
★ 正文佳句
Their habitats are constantly destroyed, leaving them no place to live.
We can protect wildlife by refusing products made from endangered animals.
Small actions in daily life can help protect our animal friends.
Illegal hunting and deforestation are the main causes of species extinction.
We can volunteer in wildlife protection activities and spread protection knowledge.
★ 余味结尾
Protecting wild animals is protecting ourselves.
Let’s take action before it is too late!
Every living species plays an important role in keeping the balance of nature.
Only by living in harmony with nature can we enjoy a sustainable future.
请制作一张英文海报,呼吁大家保护濒危野生动物。
Let’s Save Endangered Wildlife
Dear friends,
Many wild animals are facing great danger today. Some species have already died out, and more are on the edge of extinction. Illegal hunting and the destruction of natural habitats are the main reasons for this terrible situation.
Animals are important parts of nature. If they disappear, the balance of nature will be broken, and we humans will also be affected. Here are some simple actions you can take to help: First, never buy products made from endangered animals. Second, protect forests and wetlands, which are animals’ homes. Third, tell people around you about the importance of wildlife protection.
Small actions can make big changes. Let’s take action right now and share the beautiful earth with our animal friends!
Unit 3 The Internet
一、核心单词
1.chat vi. 聊天;闲聊
2.identity n. 身份;个性
3.convenient adj. 方便的;近便的
4.update vt. 更新;向…… 提供最新信息 n. 更新;最新消息
5.benefit n. 益处 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于
6.distance n. 距离
7.inspire vt. 鼓舞;激励;启发思考
8.access n. 通道;(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会 vt. 进入;使用;获取
9.charity n. 慈善;慈善机构(或组织)
10.conference n. 会议;研讨会;正式会谈
11.resident n. 居民;(美国的)住院医生 adj. (在某地)居住的
12.function n. 功能;作用;机能 vi. 起作用;正常工作;运转
13.confirm vt. 确认;使确信
14.press vt. 按,压;敦促
15.discount n. 折扣 vt. 打折
16.account n. 账户;描述
17.privacy n. 隐私;私密
18.target n. 目标;对象;靶子 vt. 把…… 作为攻击目标
19.particular adj. 特定的;特别的;讲究的
20.guideline n. 准则;指导原则
21.familiar adj. 熟悉;熟知
22.define vt. 给…… 下定义;界定;解释
二、单词拓展
1. blog n. 博客 vi. 写博客 → blogger n. 博客作者;博主
2. chat vi. 聊天;闲聊 → chatty adj. 爱闲聊的;健谈的
3. stream vt. 流播;流出 vi. 流动 → streaming n. 流播;流媒体
4. identity n. 身份;个性 → identify vt. 确认;认出;找到 → identification n. 识别;身份证明
5. convenient adj. 方便的;近便的 → convenience n. 便利;方便
6. benefit n. 益处 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于 → beneficial adj. 有益的;有利的
7. distance n. 距离 → distant adj. 遥远的;疏远的
8. inspire vt. 鼓舞;激励;启发思考 → inspiration n. 灵感;鼓舞 → inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的
9. access n. 通道;机会 vt. 进入;使用 → accessible adj. 可到达的;易接近的
10. function n. 功能;作用 vi. 起作用;运转 → functional adj. 功能的;实用的
11. confirm vt. 确认;使确信 → confirmation n. 确认;证实
12. press vt. 按,压;敦促 → pressure n. 压力;压迫
13. private adj. 私人的;私密的 → privacy n. 隐私;私密
14. rude adj. 粗鲁的;无礼的 → rudeness n. 粗鲁;无礼
15. embarrass vt. 使尴尬;使难堪 → embarrassing adj. 让人难堪的;尴尬的 → embarrassed adj. 感到尴尬的
16. upset adj. 心烦的;苦恼的 vt. 使烦恼;使生气 → upsetting adj. 令人心烦意乱的
17. familiar adj. 熟悉;熟知 → familiarity n. 熟悉;通晓
18. define vt. 给……下定义;界定;解释 → definition n. 定义;释义
19. stick vt. & vi. 粘贴;卡住 → stuck adj. 卡住;陷(入);困(于)
20. update vt. 更新;向……提供最新信息 → updated adj. 更新的;最新的
三、常考单词
1. benefit n. 益处 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于
背重点
背写作佳句
1) benefit from 从…… 中受益
2) benefit sb. 使某人受益
3) be beneficial to 对…… 有益
4) for the benefit of 为了…… 的利益
① Many students benefit greatly from reading every day.(议论文)许多学生从每天阅读中受益匪浅。
② Regular exercise is beneficial to both our body and mind.(说明文)规律运动对我们的身心都有益处。
2. distance n. 距离
背重点
背写作佳句
1) in the distance 在远处
2) keep one’s distance from 与…… 保持距离
3) at a distance 隔一段距离;从远处
4) distant adj. 遥远的
①We could see the mountains in the distance.(记叙文)我们能看见远处的群山。
②The internet allows us to communicate with friends at a distance.(说明文)互联网让我们能和远方的朋友交流。
3.inspire vt. 鼓舞;激励;启发思考
背重点
背写作佳句
1) inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
2) inspire sb. with sth. 用…… 鼓舞某人3) inspiration n. 灵感;鼓舞
4) inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的
① His story inspired me to work harder for my dream.(记叙文)他的故事激励我为梦想更加努力。
② The teacher’s encouraging words were very inspiring to all of us.(议论文)老师鼓励的话对我们所有人都很鼓舞人心。
4.access n. 通道;机会 vt. 进入;使用
背重点
背写作佳句
1) have access to 有使用 / 接触…… 的机会
2) gain access to 获得…… 的使用权
3) accessible adj. 可到达的;易接近的
① More and more people now have access to the internet in their daily life.(说明文)现在越来越多的人在日常生活中能使用互联网。
② The school library provides students with free access to all kinds of books.(应用文)学校图书馆为学生提供各类书籍的免费使用权。
5. confirm vt. 确认;使确信
背重点
背写作佳句
1) confirm sth. 确认某事
2) confirm that… 证实……
3) confirmation n. 确认;证实
① Please call the office to confirm your appointment time.(应用文)请致电办公室确认你的预约时间。
② The results of the survey confirmed our earlier guess.(说明文)调查结果证实了我们之前的猜测。
6. press vt. 按,压;敦促
背重点
背写作佳句
1) press the button 按下按钮
2) press sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事
3) pressure n. 压力
① The workers were pressed to finish the project before the deadline.(记叙文)工人们被催促在截止日期前完成项目。
② Many students feel under great pressure from their studies.(议论文)许多学生承受着巨大的学习压力。
7. upset adj. 心烦的;苦恼的 vt. 使烦恼;使生气
背重点
背写作佳句
1) be upset about/by sth. 因某事心烦
2) upset sb. 使某人生气 / 烦恼
3) upsetting adj. 令人心烦意乱的
① She was upset because she had failed the exam.(记叙文)她因为考试不及格而心烦意乱。
② I didn’t mean to upset you with my words.(应用文)我不是故意用我的话惹你生气的。
8. convenient adj. 方便的;近便的
背重点
背写作佳句
1) It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事很方便
2) convenience n. 便利;方便
3) at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候
①It is very convenient to shop online, especially for busy people.网上购物非常方便,尤其是对忙碌的人来说。
②You can come to my house at your convenience this weekend.你可以在周末方便的时候来我家。
9. familiar adj. 熟悉;熟知
背重点
背写作佳句
1) be familiar with 对…… 熟悉
2) be familiar to 为…… 所熟悉
3) familiarity n. 熟悉;通晓
① Most students are familiar with this famous writer’s works.(说明文)大多数学生都熟悉这位著名作家的作品。
② This song is familiar to people of all ages.(记叙文)这首歌各个年龄段的人都很熟悉。
10.define vt. 给…… 下定义;界定;解释
背重点
背写作佳句
1) define sth. as… 把…… 定义为……
2) definition n. 定义;释义
① People often define success in different ways.(议论文)人们对成功的定义各不相同。
② The dictionary defines this word clearly for us.(说明文)词典为我们清晰地解释了这个词。
11. update vt. 更新;向…… 提供最新信息 n. 更新;最新消息
背重点
背写作佳句
1) update sb. on sth. 向某人提供某事的最新消息
2) update the system 更新系统
3) updated adj. 更新的;最新的
① Please update me on the situation as soon as possible.(应用文)请尽快向我提供情况的最新消息。
② It is important to keep your phone software updated.(说明文)保持手机软件更新很重要。
12. inspire vt. 鼓舞;激励;启发思考
背重点
背写作佳句
1) inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
2) inspire confidence in sb. 激发某人的信心
3) inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的
① Her courage inspired many people to face their own fears.(记叙文)她的勇气激励了许多人面对自己的恐惧。
② The speech was very inspiring and made everyone feel positive.这场演讲非常鼓舞人心,让每个人都感到积极向上。
13. go through 经历;度过;通读
背重点
背写作佳句
1) go through a hard time 经历一段艰难时期
2) go through the exam papers 批改试卷
3) go through the book 通读这本书
①She went through a lot of difficulties before she finally succeeded.(记叙文)她经历了很多困难才最终成功。
② You should go through the instructions carefully before using the machine.(说明文)使用机器前,你应该仔细阅读说明。
四.单元短语
1. keep sb company 陪伴某人
2. search engine (互联网上的)搜索引擎
3. identity card 身份证
4. keep track of 掌握……的最新消息;了解……的动态
5. make fun of 取笑;戏弄
6. keep (...) in mind 牢记
7. in shape 状况良好
8. go through 经历;度过;通读
9. now that 既然;由于
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
五.单元佳句
1. 句式:现在完成时被动语态
【教材】People’s lives have been changed by online communities and social networks.
人们的生活已被线上社区和社交网络所改变。
2. 句式:定语从句(where引导)
【教材】She also joined an online group where she could talk about her problems and get support and advice from others.
她还加入了一个线上小组,在那里她可以倾诉自己的问题,并从他人那里获得支持和建议。
3.句式:比较级固定句型 “the + 比较级, the + 比较级”
【教材】The more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked.
你越有礼貌,受到攻击的可能性就越小。
4.句式:条件状语从句(If引导)
【教材】If you see or read something that makes you feel uncomfortable, leave the site immediately.
如果你看到或读到让你感到不适的内容,请立即离开该网站。
5.句式:动名词作主语
【教材】Being online is no excuse for being rude.
上网不是行为粗鲁的借口。
六.单元语法
现在完成时的被动语态
一、语法认知
现在完成时被动语态是高中核心时态语态,融合现在完成时(时态特征)和被动语态(语态特征),专门用于描述:过去发生的被动动作,持续到现在、对现在产生固定影响或留存现存状态,是高考说明文、新闻文体、书面表达的高频必考时态。
二、完整句式结构(课堂必背公式)
核心陈述句结构
肯定句:主语 + have / has + been + 过去分词(done)
否定句:主语 + have / has + not + been + 过去分词
一般疑问句:Have / Has + 主语 + been + 过去分词?
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + Have / Has + 主语 + been + 过去分词?
三、主谓一致规则(基础必考)
第三人称单数主语(单数名词、不可数名词、it/he/she、单个人/物)→ has been done
复数主语、I/you/we/they、多个人/物 → have been done
四、核心语法含义(吃透本质,不盲目套公式)
同时满足两个核心条件:
1. 语态层面:主语是动作的承受者,动作被完成,非主语主动发出
2. 时态层面:动作发生在过去,持续影响现在、留存当下状态,不关注动作具体发生时间
五、标志性时间状语(解题秒杀信号)
出现以下词汇,99%考查现在完成时被动语态:
so far、up to now、till now、recently、lately、in the past few years、over the last decade、since + 时间点/从句、already、yet、once、twice
课堂重点:yet 仅用于否定句和疑问句,already 多用于肯定句。
六、时态精细辨析(高考最大难点·逐句区分)
1. 现在完成时被动 VS 一般过去时被动
现在完成时被动(have/has been done):无具体过去时间,侧重现在结果和影响
一般过去时被动(was/were done):搭配具体过去时间(yesterday、last year、in 2020),与现在完全无关
2. 现在完成时被动 VS 一般现在时被动
一般现在时被动:表客观真理、常态习惯、长期固定规则
现在完成时被动:表阶段性变化、新增成果、现已成型的新状态
七、高考必考易错点
1. 绝对禁止错误结构:无 have/has been being done(完成进行被动不存在)
2. been 不可省略:been 是完成被动的核心标志,漏写直接失分,是学生最高频错误
3. 延续/短暂动词通用:本时态可接短暂动词(finish、build、complete),无需转换延续动词
4. by 短语灵活省略:书面表达中无需刻意加 by sb.,默认弱化执行者,贴合正式文体
5. since 从句时态固定:since 从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时被动
七.单元写作
博客
本篇为青少年博客文章,分享网络安全经验与防范技巧,介绍网络隐患。语言亲切自然、通俗易懂,以一般现在时为主,第一人称分享经验,第二人称提出建议。
[基本框架]
开头:阐述网络的利弊,点明网络安全的重要性
主体:分点列举实用的上网安全规则与防护方法
结尾:总结全文,呼吁大家理性安全上网,可增加互动内容
[常用词块]
online safety 网络安全
personal information 个人信息
protect privacy 保护隐私
cyber bullying 网络欺凌
suspicious messages 可疑信息
leak personal information 泄露个人信息
privacy settings 隐私设置
set strong passwords 设置强密码
report bad behaviour 举报不良行为
surf the Internet safely 安全上网
[常用语句]
★ 精彩开头
The Internet brings us convenience, but it also brings hidden risks.
As teenagers, we should learn to protect ourselves while surfing online.
More and more teenagers rely on the Internet for study and entertainment.
However, many hidden online dangers may bring us trouble if we are careless.
★ 正文佳句
Never share your private information with strangers online.
We should stay away from bad information and refuse cyber bullying.
It is necessary to change your passwords regularly to keep your account safe.
Do not believe or spread unknown information online to avoid being cheated.
It is dangerous to make private appointments with net friends alone.
★ 余味结尾
Only by keeping safety in mind can we enjoy the Internet happily.
Safety comes first when we are online.
Wise use of the Internet enriches our life while careless use brings risks.
We should develop good online habits and protect ourselves all the time.
请写一篇英文博客,为青少年分享实用的网络安全建议。
Tips on Online Safety
Nowadays, teenagers spend lots of time surfing the Internet. It brings us convenience and fun, but there are also various hidden risks. So how can we keep safe online? Here are my suggestions.
First of all, protect your personal privacy. Never share your real name, home address or phone number with strangers online. Secondly, be cautious when chatting with net friends. Do not meet online friends alone in unfamiliar places. Thirdly, stay away from bad information and refuse cyber bullying. If you are troubled by it, ask your parents or teachers for help right away. Besides, remember to set strong passwords and turn on privacy settings for your social accounts.
The Internet is a wonderful world, but we should always keep safety in mind. I hope my tips are useful to you. What do you do to stay safe online? Leave a comment below!
Unit 4 History And Tradition
一、核心单词
1.individual adj. 单独的;个别的 n. 个人
2.chief adj. 最重要的;最高级别的 n. 首领;酋长
3.nearby adj. 附近的;邻近的 adv. 在附近
4.belong vi. 应在(某处);适应
5.military adj. 军事的;军用的
6.defence n. 防御;保卫
7.legal adj. 法律的;合法的
8.surround vt. 围绕;包围
9.evidence n. 证据;证明
10.achievement n. 成就;成绩;达到
11.fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的;迷人的
12.charge n. 收费;指控;主管 vt. 收费;控告;充电
13.announce vt. 宣布;通知;声称
14.amount n. 金额;数量
15.approach n. 方法;途径;接近 vt. 接近;接洽;着手处理 vi. 靠近
16.ensure vt. 保证;确保;担保
17.generous adj. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的
18.position n. 位置;姿态;职位 vt. 安装;安置
19.eager adj. 热切的;渴望的
20.feast n. 盛宴;宴会;节日
21.greet vt. 问候;迎接
22.custom n. 风俗;习俗;习惯
23.striking adj. 引人注目的;显著的
24.transition n. 过渡;转变;变迁
25.crowd n. 人群;一群人;民众 vt. 挤满;使…… 拥挤
二、单词拓展
1. defence n. 防御;保卫 → defend vt. 防御;保护 → defensive adj. 防御性的;自卫的
2. evidence n. 证据;证明 → evident adj. 明显的;清楚的 → evidently adv. 明显地;显然
3. achieve vt. 完成;达到 → achievement n. 成就;成绩;达到 → achievable adj. 可实现的
4. conquer vt. 占领;征服;控制→ conqueror n. 征服者;胜利者
5. announce vt. 宣布;通知;声称 → announcement n. 公告;宣告;通知 → announcer n. 播音员;报幕员
6. approach vt. 接近;接洽;着手处理 vi. 靠近 → approachable adj. 和蔼可亲的;易接近的
7. ensure vt. 保证;确保;担保 → sure adj. 确信的;可靠的 adv. 当然;确实
8. generous adj. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的 → generosity n. 慷慨;大方 → generously adv. 慷慨地;大方地
9. eager adj. 热切的;渴望的 → eagerly adv. 急切地;渴望地 → eagerness n. 渴望;热切
10. crowd n. 人群;一群人;民众 vt. 挤满;使……拥挤 → crowded adj. 拥挤的;挤满的 → overcrowded adj. 过度拥挤的
11. legal adj. 法律的;合法的 → illegal adj. 不合法的;非法的 → legally adv. 合法地;法律上
12. surround vt. 围绕;包围 → surrounding adj. 周围的;附近的 → surroundings n. 环境;周围的事物
13. fascinate vt. 使着迷;迷住 → fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的;迷人的 → fascinated adj. 入迷的;极感兴趣的 → fascination n. 魅力;迷恋
14. charge n. 收费;指控;主管 vt. 收费;控告;充电 → charged adj. 充满感情的;带电的 → charger n. 充电器
15. custom n. 风俗;习俗;习惯→ customer n. 顾客;客户
16. strike vt. 打;撞击;使突然想到 → striking adj. 引人注目的;显著的 → strike n. 罢工;打击
17. transition n. 过渡;转变;变迁 → transitional adj. 过渡的;变迁的 → transit n. 运输;中转
18. individual adj. 单独的;个别的 n. 个人 → individuality n. 个性;个人特征 → individually adv. 分别地;单独地
19. philosophy n. 哲学 → philosopher n. 哲学家 → philosophical adj. 哲学的;冷静的
20. kingdom n. 王国;领域 → king n. 国王 → queen n. 女王;王后
21. puzzle n. 谜;智力游戏;疑问 vt. 迷惑;使困惑 → puzzled adj. 困惑的;茫然的 → puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的;费解的
22. belong vi. 应在(某处);适应 → belongings n. 所有物;财产
23. defend vt. 防御;保卫 → defence n. 防御;保卫 → defensive adj. 防御性的;自卫的
24. roar vi. & n. 吼叫;咆哮 → roaring adj. 咆哮的;喧闹的
25. roll vi. & vt. (使)翻滚;(使)滚动 n. 卷(轴);翻滚 → rolling adj. 旋转的;起伏的
26. dot n. 点;小(圆)点 vt. 加点;遍布 → dotted adj. 星罗棋布的;有点的
27. transition n. 过渡;转变;变迁 → transitional adj. 过渡的;变迁的 → transit n. 运输;中转
28. location n. 地方;地点;位置 → locate vt. 位于;查找……的地点 → located adj. 位于;坐落在
29. poet n. 诗人 → poem n. 诗;韵文 → poetry n. 诗歌;诗集 → poetic adj. 诗歌的;富有诗意的
三、常考单词
1.defence n. 防御;保卫
背重点
背写作佳句
1) in defence of 为…… 辩护;保护
2) defend vt. 防御;保护;辩护
3) defend oneself 自卫;为自己辩解
4) defensive adj. 防御性的;自卫的
① It is our duty to defend our country and protect its people.(议论文)保卫国家、保护人民是我们的责任。
②She spoke in defence of her friend when he was wrongly accused.(记叙文)当朋友被冤枉时,她站出来为他辩护。
2. achieve vt. 完成;达到
背重点
背写作佳句
1) achieve one’s goal/dream 实现目标 / 梦想
2) achieve success 取得成功
3) achievement n. 成就;成绩
4) make great achievements 取得巨大成就
①With hard work and determination, anyone can achieve their dreams.(议论文)只要努力和坚定,任何人都能实现梦想。②The scientist achieved a great breakthrough in his research.(说明文)这位科学家在研究中取得了重大突破。
3.surround vt. 围绕;包围
背重点
背写作佳句
1) be surrounded by/with 被…… 包围 / 围绕
2) surrounding adj. 周围的;附近的
3) surroundings n. 环境;周围的事物
① The small village is surrounded by beautiful mountains and rivers.(记叙文)这个小村庄被美丽的山水环绕。
② We should choose to surround ourselves with positive people.(议论文)我们应该让自己被积极向上的人包围。
4. evidence n. 证据;证明
背重点
背写作佳句
1) there is evidence that… 有证据表明……
2) evident adj. 明显的;清楚的
3) give evidence 作证;提供证据
①There is clear evidence that the climate is changing due to human activities.(说明文)有明确证据表明,人类活动正导致气候变化。
② It is evident that he has made great progress in his studies.(议论文)很明显,他在学习上取得了很大进步。
5.conquer vt. 占领;征服;控制
背重点
背写作佳句
1) conquer difficulties 克服困难
2) conquer fear 战胜恐惧
3) conquer the world 征服世界
① We must learn to conquer our fears if we want to grow.(议论文)如果想成长,我们必须学会战胜恐惧。
② The team finally conquered the mountain after a week of climbing.经过一周的攀登,队伍终于征服了这座山。
6.approach n. 方法;途径;接近 vt. 接近;接洽;着手处理 vi. 靠近
背重点
背写作佳句
1) approach to sth. …… 的方法 / 途径
2) an approach to solving the problem 解决问题的方法
3) as winter approaches 随着冬天的来临4) approach sb. about sth.
就某事与某人接洽
①We need a new approach to dealing with environmental problems.(议论文)我们需要一种新方法来处理环境问题。② As the final exam approaches, students are all busy reviewing their lessons.(记叙文)随着期末考试临近,学生们都在忙着复习功课。
7. ensure vt. 保证;确保;担保
背重点
背写作佳句
1) ensure sth. 确保某事
2) ensure that… 确保……
3) ensure sb. sth. 保证某人得到某物
① Please ensure that all the windows are closed before leaving the classroom.离开教室前,请确保所有窗户都关好。
② The government is working to ensure everyone has access to clean water.政府正努力确保人人都能用上干净的水。
8.generous adj. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的
背重点
背写作佳句
1) be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨
2) be generous with sth. 大方使用某物
3) generosity n. 慷慨;大方
4) generously adv. 慷慨地;大方地
① He is always generous to his friends, often helping them when they are in trouble.(记叙文)他对朋友总是很慷慨,经常在他们遇到困难时伸出援手。
② It is very generous of you to share your food with us.(应用文)你能把食物分给我们,真是太慷慨了。
9. eager adj. 热切的;渴望的
背重点
背写作佳句
1) be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
2) be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物
3) eagerness n. 渴望;热切
4) eagerly adv. 急切地;渴望地
① The students are eager to learn new knowledge and explore the world.(议论文)学生们渴望学习新知识,探索世界。
② She was eager to hear the result of the competition.(记叙文)她急切地想听到比赛结果。
10.belong vi. 应在(某处);适应
背重点
背写作佳句
1) belong to 属于
2) belong in/on/under… 应放在……
3) belongings n. 所有物;财产
① The book belongs to the school library, so we must return it on time.这本书属于学校图书馆,所以我们必须按时归还。
② After moving to the new city, it took her a long time to feel she belonged.搬到新城市后,她花了很长时间才找到归属感。
11.charge n. 收费;指控;主管 vt. 收费;控告;充电
背重点
背写作佳句
1) take charge of 负责;掌管
2) in charge of 主管;负责
3) charge sb. with sth. 指控某人犯某罪
4) free of charge 免费
①As the monitor, she takes charge of organizing class activities.(记叙文)作为班长,她负责组织班级活动。
②The museum is open to the public free of charge on weekends.(说明文)这家博物馆周末免费向公众开放。
12. announce vt. 宣布;通知;声称
背重点
背写作佳句
1) announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布某事
2) announcement n. 公告;通知
3) make an announcement 发布通知
① The school announced that the sports meeting would be put off due to bad weather.(应用文)学校宣布,由于天气不好,运动会将推迟。
② The government announced new measures to protect cultural heritage.(说明文)政府宣布了保护文化遗产的新措施。
13.amount n. 金额;数量
背重点
背写作佳句
1) a large amount of + [U] 大量的
2) the amount of …… 的数量
3) amount to 总计;等于
① A large amount of money has been spent on protecting these ancient buildings.(议论文)保护这些古建筑已经花费了大量资金。
② The total amount of time spent on the project is over 100 hours.(说明文)这个项目总共耗时超过 100 小时。
14.crowd n. 人群;一群人;民众 vt. 挤满;使…… 拥挤
背重点
背写作佳句
1) a crowd of 一群;许多
2) crowded adj. 拥挤的
3) crowd into 挤进
① A large crowd of people gathered in the square to watch the performance.(记叙文)一大群人聚集在广场上观看表演。
② The street was so crowded that we could hardly move.(记叙文)街上太拥挤了,我们几乎走不动。
四.单元短语
1. join ... to ... 把……和……连接或联结起来
2. break away (from sb/sth) 脱离;背叛;逃脱
3. belong to 属于
4. as well as 同(一样也);和;还
5. keep your eyes open (for) 留心;留意
五.单元佳句
1.句式:what引导宾语从句
【教材】The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by what these different names mean.
很多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。
2.句式:as well as 并列结构
【教材】The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
组成联合王国的四个国家在某些领域合作。它们使用同一面旗帜(即联合王国国旗),同时也使用相同的货币和拥有共同的国防。
3.句式:the way 定语从句
【教材】They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses.
他们带来了英语的雏形,并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
4.句式:keep your eyes open 祈使句
【教材】If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
如果你留心去观察,你会惊喜地发现你既能看到它的过去,也能看到它的现在。
5.句式:现在分词作伴随状语
【教材】Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all, offering something for each of the senses.
它美丽的乡村风光让所有人为之激动和鼓舞,为每一种感官都带来享受。
6.句式:with复合结构
【教材】The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石岛”及其众多绿意盎然的郡的宁静风光,就像一场真正的视觉盛宴,连绵起伏的青山上点缀着牛羊。
六.单元语法
过去分词作定语、过去分词作宾语补足语
模块一:过去分词作定语
一、语法定义
过去分词(done)放在名词前后修饰名词,相当于简化版定语从句,统一表示:被动关系 + 动作已完成。
二、位置规则(课堂必记·两分法)
1. 单个过去分词 → 前置定语:done + 名词
例:a preserved tradition(被保留的传统)
2. 过去分词短语(两个词及以上)→ 后置定语:名词 + done 短语
例:buildings built hundreds of years ago(数百年前建造的建筑)
三、核心判定逻辑(解题万能方法)
看被修饰名词和动词的逻辑关系:
名词承受动作、动作已完成 → 用 done(过去分词)
名词发出动作、动作正在进行 → 用 doing(现在分词)
四、深度考点拓展
1. 无时态变化:过去分词作定语只体现“被动+完成”,不受主句过去/现在/将来时态影响,恒定不变
2. 形容词化过去分词:部分 done 完全形容词化,固定修饰名词(developed country、spoken English)
3. 句式互换:过去分词定语可还原为定语从句,作文可自由升级句式
五、易错点总结
不可根据中文语感乱选,必须严格看主被动逻辑
短语后置、单个分词前置,位置写错直接扣分
模块二:过去分词作宾语补足语
一、语法定义
放在宾语之后,补充说明宾语的状态或遭遇;核心逻辑:宾语与宾补动词为被动、完成关系。
二、高考必考动词分类(课堂必背清单)
1. 使役动词类
have / get / make + 宾语 + done
含义:让某物被别人做、使某物处于某种状态、主语遭遇某事
2. 感官动词类
see / hear / watch / notice / find / feel / observe + 宾语 + done
含义:看到/发现/听见某物被……
三、核心句式辨析(重难点分层突破)
以 have 为例,三类宾补完整区分:
1. have sth. done:宾语被动,被他人完成/遭遇(本单元核心)
2. have sb. do sth.:宾语主动,一次性动作,让某人做某事
3. have sb. doing sth.:宾语主动,动作持续进行,让某人一直做
七.单元写作
介绍一个地方
描述一个漂亮或者特殊的地方总体上属于介绍事物的说明文。它的要点内容可包括:地理位置、面积、人口、气候状况、著名的地方以及与众不同之处等。
时态应以现在时为主,人称以第三人称为主。
[基本框架]
开头:介绍该地方的基本信息(位置,面积等);
主体:描述该地方的一些具体信息(著名的地方,与众不同之处);
结尾:作者对此地点的感受或总结陈述以吸引读者去旅游。
[常用词块]
...is/lies/is located/is situated+地点状语 某地位于……
...is/lies+数词+metres above sea level某地海拔为……
...is surrounded by...……周围被……环绕
...be very/quite/extremely cold/hot/warm/dry/humid/sunny/rainy/mild...all the year round某地气候终年寒冷/炎热/温暖/干燥/潮湿/日光充足/多雨/温和……
...is rich in...,like/such as...……盛产/富于……例如/像……
...is famous/wellknown for...……以……著名
...has a (long)history of...……有……年的(悠久)历史
...dates/goes back to...……可追溯到……
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
It is located/lies in...,with an area of...
It covers an area of...,with a history of...
...,located in...and covering an area of...,is one of China's most famous scenic spots.
The history of...dates back to...
It has become the most popular tourist attraction since...
★正文佳句
There are many places of interest,such as...
You can enjoy...,which has a high reputation both at home and abroad.
With...,...is/are attracting more and more tourists.
An interesting feature of...is...
With its pleasant climate,rich natural resources and beautiful scenery,...is one of China's major tourist cities.
A trip along...will enable you to get to know...
★余味结尾
...is well worth visiting.
...is a place you have to visit and the extraordinary view will make you unwilling to leave.
假定你是英国学生Harry,有一位中国笔友Li Hua想了解一下你的家乡爱丁堡,请你根据提示回复一封电子邮件。
爱丁堡
苏格兰(Scotland)的首府,政治和文化中心
人口
约50万
面积
260平方千米(square kilometres)
地理位置
苏格兰的东南部
交通
公共交通十分便利
天气
气候温和(mild climate)
旅游
最受欢迎的旅游城市之一;古老建筑众多
注意:词数80左右。开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Li Hua,
Today I'm writing to tell you something about Edinburgh which you asked about in the last email.
Edinburgh,located in the southeast of Scotland,is the capital of Scotland as well as its political and cultural centre.It covers an area of 260 square kilometres with a small population of about five hundred thousand.In the city, you can easily get wherever you are going,using public transport.Close to seaside,Edinburgh has a mild climate,which makes it one of the most popular tourism cities in the UK.What's more,what makes it unique is its splendid ancient buildings standing along streets.
I would be happy to guide you around our city if you would arrange a visit here.
Yours faithfully,
Harry
Unit 5 Music
一、核心单词
1. classical adj. 古典的;经典的
2. energy n. 能源;能量;精力
3. virtual adj. 很接近的;事实上的;虚拟的
4. composition n. 成分;(音乐、艺术、诗歌的)作品
5. opportunity n. 机会;时机
6. perform vi. & vt. 表演;履行;执行
7. performance n. 表演;演技;表现
8. ordinary adj. 普通的;平凡的
9. enable vt. 使能够;使可能
10. prove vt. 证明;展现
11. award vt. 授予 n. 奖品
12. composer n. 作曲者;作曲家
13. conductor n. (乐队、合唱团等的)指挥;(公共汽车的)售票员
14. original adj. 原来的;独创的;原作的 n. 原作
15. relief n. (焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除;(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱
16. absorbed adj. 被……吸引住;专心致志
17. previous adj. 先前的;以往的
18. unemployed adj. 失业的;待业的
19. impact n. 巨大影响;强大作用;冲击力
20. equipment n. 设备;装备
21. assume vt. 以为;假设
22. addition n. 添加;加法;增加物
23. in addition (to sb/sth) 除……以外(还)
24. lean vt. (leant/leaned, leant/leaned) 依靠;倾斜
25. satisfaction n. 满足;满意;欣慰
26. various adj. 各种不同的;各种各样的
二、单词拓展
1. classical adj. 古典的;经典的 → classic adj. 经典的;最优秀的 n. 经典作品;名著
2. perform vi. & vt. 表演;履行;执行 → performance n. 表演;演技;表现 → performer n. 表演者;
3. ordinary adj. 普通的;平凡的 → ordinarily adv. 通常地;平常地 → extraordinary adj. 非凡的;特别的
4. enable vt. 使能够;使可能 → able adj. 能够;有能力的 → ability n. 能力;才能
5. prove vt. 证明;展现 → proof n. 证明;证据 → proven adj. 被证实的
6. composer n. 作曲者;作曲家 → compose vt. 作曲;创作;组成 → composition n. 作品;作文;构成
7. conduct vt. 指挥;引导;实施 → conductor n. 指挥;售票员 → conductivity n. 传导性;导电性
8. original adj. 原来的;独创的;原作的 → origin n. 起源;起因 → originally adv. 起初;原来
9. gradual adj. 逐渐的;渐进的 → gradually adv. 逐渐地;逐步地
10. capable adj. 有能力的;有才能的 → capability n. 能力;才能 → incapable adj. 无能力的;不能的
11. relief n. 减轻;宽慰 → relieve vt. 减轻;缓解;解除 → relieved adj. 感到宽慰的;放心的
12. cure vt. 治愈;治好 → curable adj. 可治愈的 → incurable adj. 无法治愈的
13. previous adj. 先前的;以往的 → previously adv. 先前;以前
14. romantic adj. 浪漫的 → romance n. 浪漫史;爱情故事 → romanticism n. 浪漫主义
15. aim n. 目的;目标 vt. 瞄准;旨在 → aimless adj. 无目的的;无目标的 → aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地
16. equip vt. 装备;配备 → equipment n. 设备;装备 → equipped adj. 装备齐全的
17. talent n. 天才;天资;天赋 → talented adj. 有才能的;天才的
18. assume vt. 以为;假设 → assumption n. 假定;假设 → assuming conj. 假设;如果
19. add vt. 添加;增加 → addition n. 添加;加法 → additional adj. 额外的;附加的
20. treat vt. 对待;治疗 → treatment n. 治疗;对待;处理 → treatable adj. 可治疗的
21. satisfy vt. 使满意;满足 → satisfaction n. 满足;满意 → satisfied adj. 满意的;满足的 → satisfying adj. 令人满意的
22. vary vi. 变化;改变 → various adj. 各种不同的;各种各样的 → variety n. 种类;多样性
23. react vi. 反应;回应 → reaction n. 反应;回应 → reactive adj. 反应的;活性的
24. absorb vt. 吸收;使全神贯注 → absorbed adj. 被……吸引住;专心致志 → absorbing adj. 吸引人的;引人入胜的
25. impact n. 巨大影响;冲击力 → impactful adj. 有巨大影响的;有效的
三、常考单词
1.perform vi. & vt. 表演;履行;执行
背重点
背写作佳句
1) perform on the stage 在舞台上表演
2) perform a task 执行任务
3) perform well/badly 表现好 / 差
4) performance n. 表演;表现
①She performed beautifully at the school concert and won a lot of praise.(记叙文)她在学校音乐会上的表演非常精彩,赢得了很多好评。
②We must perform our duties carefully to make sure everything goes well.(议论文)我们必须认真履行职责,确保一切顺利。
2. enable vt. 使能够;使可能
背重点
背写作佳句
1) enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事2) enable sth. 使某事成为可能
① New technology enables us to communicate with people around the world easily.(说明文)新技术让我们能轻松地和世界各地的人交流。
② Good education enables young people to realize their dreams.(议论文)良好的教育能让年轻人实现梦想。
3.prove vt. 证明;展现
背重点
背写作佳句
1) prove sth. to sb. 向某人证明某事
2) prove (to be) + adj./n. 证明是……
3) prove oneself 证明自己
① He worked hard to prove that he was the best choice for the team.(记叙文)他努力工作,证明自己是团队的最佳人选。② The experiment proved that his idea was correct.(说明文)实验证明他的想法是正确的。
4.combine vt. 结合;组合
背重点
背写作佳句
1) combine A with/and B 把 A 和 B 结合起来
2) combination n. 结合;组合
①The course combines theory with practice to help students learn better.(说明文)这门课把理论和实践结合起来,帮助学生更好地学习。
②We can combine our hobbies with our studies to make learning more fun.我们可以把爱好和学习结合起来,让学习变得更有趣。
5. relief n. 宽慰;减轻;解脱
背重点
背写作佳句
1) to one’s relief 令某人欣慰的是
2) give relief to sb. 减轻某人的痛苦
3) relieve vt. 减轻;缓解
① To my great relief, all the students passed the final exam.(记叙文)让我大为欣慰的是,所有学生都通过了期末考试。
② Listening to music can give relief to people under pressure.(议论文)听音乐可以缓解人们的压力。
6.aim n. 目的;目标 vt. 瞄准;旨在
背重点
背写作佳句
1) aim at doing sth. 旨在做某事
2) aim to do sth. 打算做某事
3) achieve one’s aim 实现目标
① The project aims to help more children in poor areas receive education.(说明文)这个项目旨在帮助更多贫困地区的孩子接受教育。
② My main aim this year is to improve my English speaking skills.(应用文)我今年的主要目标是提高英语口语能力。
7. absorb vt. 吸收;使全神贯注
背重点
背写作佳句
1) be absorbed in 全神贯注于
2) absorb knowledge 吸收知识
① She was so absorbed in the book that she didn’t hear her mother call her.(记叙文)她看书看得太入迷了,连妈妈叫她都没听见。
② Plants absorb energy from the sun to make food.(说明文)植物吸收太阳能来制造养分。
8. impact n. 巨大影响;冲击力
背重点
背写作佳句
1) have an impact on 对…… 有影响
2) make an impact 产生影响
① The new policy will have a great impact on people’s daily lives.(说明文)这项新政策将对人们的日常生活产生巨大影响。
② We hope our actions can make a positive impact on the environment.(议论文)我们希望我们的行动能对环境产生积极影响。
9. assume vt. 以为;假设
背重点
背写作佳句
1) assume (that)… 认为……;假设……
2) assume sb. to be… 认为某人是……
3) assumption n. 假定;假设
①Many people assume that success comes from hard work alone, but luck also plays a role.(议论文)很多人认为成功只来自努力,但运气也有影响。
②We should not assume we know everything about others without talking to them.(记叙文)在和别人交谈前,我们不应该自以为了解他们的一切。
10.treat vt. 对待;治疗
背重点
背写作佳句
1) treat sb. with respect 尊重某人
2) treat sb. as… 把某人当作……
3) treat an illness 治疗疾病
4) treatment n. 治疗;对待
① We should treat everyone equally, no matter where they come from.无论来自哪里,我们都应该平等对待每一个人。
② The doctor treated the patient with great care and patience.医生非常细心和耐心地治疗病人。
11.satisfy vt. 使满意;满足
背重点
背写作佳句
1) satisfy one’s needs 满足某人的需求
2) be satisfied with 对…… 感到满意
3) satisfaction n. 满足;满意
①The company works hard to satisfy its customers with high-quality products.(说明文)这家公司努力用高质量的产品满足客户需求。
② She was satisfied with her progress in learning the piano.(记叙文)她对自己的钢琴学习进展感到满意。
12.vary vi. 变化;不同
背重点
背写作佳句
1) vary from person to person 因人而异
2) vary with 随…… 变化
3) various adj. 各种各样的
4) variety n. 种类;多样性
① People’s tastes in music vary greatly from one another.(议论文)人们的音乐品味差异很大。
② The weather here can vary a lot during the day, so it’s best to bring different clothes.(记叙文)这里的天气白天变化很大,所以最好带上不同的衣服。
13.aim n. 目标;目的 vt. 旨在;瞄准
背重点
背写作佳句
1) aim to do sth. 旨在 / 打算做某事
2) aim at (doing) sth. 以…… 为目标
3) achieve one’s aim 实现目标
① The program aims to help young people develop new skills.(说明文)这个项目旨在帮助年轻人培养新技能。
② My main aim this semester is to get better grades in math.(应用文)我这学期的主要目标是提高数学成绩。
四.单元短语
1. fall in love with 爱上
2. set sth up 安装好(设备或机器)
3. try out 参加……选拔(或试演)
4. in addition (to sb/sth) 除……以外(还)
5. from (...) on 从(那)时起
6. get through 设法完成;通过;接通电话
五.单元佳句
1. 句式:定语从句(who/which引导)
【教材】The man who came up with the idea for a virtual choir is award-winning composer and conductor Eric Whitacre.
提出虚拟合唱团想法的人是屡获殊荣的作曲家兼指挥家埃里克·惠塔克。
2. 句式:被动语态(现在完成时)
【教材】Since then, the virtual choir has become a worldwide phenomenon.
从那以后,虚拟合唱团已成为一种全球现象。
3. 句式:it作形式主语
【教材】Music is the medicine of the mind.
音乐是心灵的良药。
4. 句式:比喻(metaphor)
【教材】Music gave me strength and brought me relief. It was the rock I leant on to become strong and to get through those hard times.
音乐给了我力量,让我得到慰藉。它是我依靠的磐石,让我变得坚强,度过那些艰难的时光。
5. 句式:现在分词作结果状语
【教材】It became my best friend, speaking words of encouragement to the deepest part of my being.
它成了我最好的朋友,向我内心最深处传递鼓励的话语。
6. 句式:时间状语从句(when引导)
【教材】When I listened to music, it made my spirits fly like a kite in the wind.
当我听音乐时,我的心情就像风中的风筝一样飞扬。
六.单元语法
过去分词作表语、过去分词作状语
模块一:过去分词作表语
一、语法定义
过去分词置于系动词之后,构成系表结构,用来描述主语的情绪、状态、特征。此时过去分词大多形容词化,弱化被动动作,侧重静态状态。
二、常用系动词搭配
be / feel / look / sound / seem / appear / become / get / remain + done
三、高考核心重难点:doing & done 终极辨析
1. 过去分词 done:多修饰人,表“感到……的(主观感受)”
例:moved(感动的)、tired(疲惫的)、interested(感兴趣的)
2. 现在分词 doing:多修饰事物,表“令人……的(事物属性)”
例:moving(感人的)、tiring(令人疲惫的)、interesting(有趣的)
四、高阶区分:系表结构 VS 被动语态(高考拔高)
系表结构(done作表语):强调状态,可被 very/quite 修饰,无动作感
被动语态:强调具体动作,常搭配 by 执行者、具体时间状语
模块二:过去分词作状语
一、核心语法规则
1. 过去分词作状语,统一表被动、动作已完成
2. 铁律规则:分词的逻辑主语必须与主句主语完全一致
3. 主语不一致 → 悬垂分词 → 高考语法重大错误
二、状语功能
过去分词作状语可等价替换状语从句,句式高级、简洁:
1. 时间状语(= when/after):Done with the work, he rested. 工作完成后,他休息了。
2. 原因状语(= because):Greatly inspired by the music, he worked harder. 被音乐深深鼓舞,他更加努力。
3. 条件状语(= if/once):Treated well, the music can comfort people. 若被用心聆听,音乐能治愈人心。
4. 让步状语(= though/although):Faced with pressure, he kept listening to music. 虽面对压力,他仍坚持听音乐。
5. 伴随状语:The singer stood there, surrounded by fans. 歌手站在那里,被粉丝环绕。
三、否定形式规则
统一前置否定:Not + 过去分词(禁止后置否定)
四、位置与标点规则
分词状语置于句首/句中,必须加逗号隔开主句
分词状语置于句末,可不用逗号
五、解题秒杀口诀
先找主句主,再判主被动;
被动且完成,直接用 done;
主动在进行,必须用 doing;
主语不一致,句式直接错。
七.单元写作
关于音乐的演讲稿
本篇为演讲稿,主题是音乐对生活的影响,结合观点论述与个人亲身经历。语气真诚富有感染力,阐述观点用一般现在时,讲述经历用一般过去时。
[基本框架]
开头:礼貌问候听众,引出音乐这一主题
主体:分点阐述音乐的作用,并结合自身经历举例说明
结尾:总结音乐的价值,升华主题,发出呼吁并致谢
[常用词块]
relieve stress and anxiety 缓解压力与焦虑
cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来
lift one’s spirits 振奋心情
express feelings 抒发情感
get through hard times 渡过难关
the power of music 音乐的力量
different kinds of music 不同类型的音乐
full of energy 充满活力
[常用语句]
★ 精彩开头
Good morning, everyone! Today I would like to share the power of music with you.
Music is an important part of our daily life and it can greatly change our moods.
Almost everyone loves music, for it has magical power to influence our life.
Have you ever noticed how music changes our feelings and attitudes towards life?
★ 正文佳句
Soft music can calm us down when we feel stressed.
Inspiring music gives us courage to face difficulties.
Music can relieve our anxiety and relax our tired mind after long-time study.
Positive music encourages us to stick to our goals and never give up.
Music enables us to express inner feelings that we cannot put into words.
★ 余味结尾
Music brings us joy, courage and warmth to move forward.
Let music light up our life every day.
Music is the best companion that enriches our spiritual world.
Let’s embrace music and make our life more colorful.
请以 “音乐改变生活” 为主题,写一篇英语演讲稿。
Music Changes Our Life
Good morning, dear teachers and classmates!
Today I’m going to talk about how music changes our life. Music is everywhere in our daily life, and it plays an important role in our feelings and moods.
Firstly, music can help us deal with negative feelings. When we feel stressed or upset, soft music can calm us down and relieve anxiety. Secondly, music gives us strength. When I felt tired and wanted to give up my study, encouraging songs cheered me up and pushed me to keep going. What’s more, music is a special language. It helps us share feelings and brings people closer together.
Music is a precious treasure in our life. It warms our heart and brightens our days. Let music accompany us and make our life more wonderful.Thank you!
一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.We must preserve (保护) our valuable cultural heritage from being damaged.
2.A large number of ancient buildings were destroyed (摧毁) in the big fire years ago.
3.Scientists have made great contributions (贡献) to the protection of wild animals.
4.We must take action to prevent (阻止) wild animals from illegal hunting.
5.This ancient palace is one of the most famous tourist attractions (景点) in China.
6.With the Internet, we can easily access (获取) plenty of useful information.
7.It is impolite to violate (侵犯) others' personal privacy on the Internet.
8.Every nation has its own special customs and traditions (传统).
9.She has a deep passion (热爱) for folk music and often sings songs in her free time.
10.This popular song was composed (创作;作曲) by a young musician last year.
11.The survival (生存) of these rare birds depends on our joint efforts.
12.The local government will form (出台;推行) a new plan to protect old streets.
13.Many volunteers work hard to restore (修复) the damaged cultural relics.
14.The cold weather greatly affects (影响) the growth of plants in the area.
15.We should raise people's awareness (意识) of protecting the environment.
16.The two countries reached an agreement (协议) on cultural communication.
17.It is our duty to keep the balance of nature (大自然).
18.The singer gave a wonderful performance (表演) on the stage last night.
19.People from different regions (地区) get along well in this big city.
20.This kind of plant can only survive (存活) in warm and wet places.
二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2025 年全国一卷) But it's amazing (amaze) how you can adapt and learn in a new environment.
2.(2024・全国新高考 I 卷) But equally (equal) important is the mental aspect.
3.(2025 浙江首考卷) Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution (solve) to one-time event dressing.
4.(2025 年全国二卷) Last month, you kindly agreed to write an article about sports in Canada, and we're all looking forward to reading (read) it.
5.(2024 年全国甲卷) Flowers are everywhere—hanging baskets, window boxes, and planters—just what you imagine in an attractive (attract) English market town.
6.(2025・山东新高考) The ancient temple is being repaired (repair) by workers at present to protect it from further damage.
7.(2024 年江苏高考模拟) So far, many new websites have been built (build) to help people access information easily.
8.(2025 年河北质检卷) We are deeply moved (move) by the story of the musician who devoted his life to music.
9.(2024・全国乙卷) The survival (survive) of endangered animals is closely connected with human activities.
10.(2025 浙江高考模拟) The old man seated (seat) by the window is a famous folk musician.
11.(2024・广东新高考) The Internet has greatly changed the way people communicate (communicate) with each other.
12.(2025・湖南联考卷) Encouraged (encourage) by his teacher, he decided to continue learning traditional music.
13.(2024 年四川高考真题) I had my old bike fixed (fix) yesterday so that I could go to school on time.
14.(2025・全国新高考 II 卷) She felt disappointed (disappoint) when she found out the concert was cancelled.
15.(2024・北京高考模拟) All the broken windows have been replaced (replace) in the school since last week.
16.(2025・天津质检卷) Children who are interested (interest) in wildlife will love this documentary.
17.(2024 年全国卷改编) Seen (see) from the mountain top, the ancient town looks very beautiful.
18.(2025・重庆联考卷) We found the room cleaned (clean) when we came back from the trip.
19.(2024・安徽高考真题) The cultural relics damaged (damage) by the flood have been restored now.
20.(2025・江西模拟卷) He is tired (tire) of playing online games all day long.
三、完成句子。
1.这座古城作为文化遗产一直被妥善保护。
The ancient town has been preserved well as cultural heritage.
2.我们应该齐心协力保护野生动物。
We should make joint efforts to protect wild animals.
3.如今许多人依靠互联网获取日常资讯。
Nowadays, many people depend on the Internet for daily news.
4.他喜欢了解不同国家的历史与传统。
He enjoys learning about history and different traditions of different countries.
5.这首动听的音乐打动了现场所有人。
The beautiful music moved everyone who were present.
6.到目前为止,我们已经为保护动物做出了巨大贡献。
So far, we have made great contributions to protecting animals.
7.我们必须采取措施阻止人们破坏古迹。
We must take measures to prevent people from destroying ancient relics.
8.多亏了志愿者,这些受损文物得到了修复。
Thanks to the volunteers, the damaged relics have been restored.
9.我昨天请人修理了我的旧电脑。
I had my old computer fixed yesterday.
10.从山顶望去,森林看起来一望无际。
Seen from the top of the hill, the forest looks endless.
11.他全身心投入到传统音乐的传承之中。
He devotes himself to passing down traditional music.
12.网络已经极大地改变了人们的生活方式。
The Internet has greatly changed people’s way of life greatly.
13.人们逐渐意识到保护自然的重要性。
People have realized the importance of protecting nature gradually.
14.这座古老的建筑现在正在被工人们重建。
This old building is being rebuilt by workers now.
15.面对困难,我们绝不放弃。
Faced with difficulties, we will never give up.
16.这个小镇因众多传统风俗而闻名。
This small town is famous for many traditional customs.
17.她对唱歌充满热情,梦想成为一名歌手。
She has a passion for singing and dreams of being a singer.
18.我们发现房间已经被打扫干净了。
We found the room cleaned up.
19.许多珍稀植物在过去几年里得到了很好的保护。
Many rare plants have been protected well in the past few years.
20.网上的个人信息安全应当被重视。
The safety of personal information online should be paid attention to.
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专题02 必修第二册 单元词汇短语句型梳理
Unit1 Cultural Heritage
一、核心单词
1. heritage n.
2. creatively adv.
3. creative adj.
4. preserve vt. n.
5. promote vt.
6. application n.
7. proposal n.
8. protest n. vi. & vt.
9. establish vt.
10. prevent vt.
11. contribute vi. & vt.
12. investigate vt. & vi.
13. issue n. vt.
14. conduct n. vt.
15. document n. vt.
16. donate vi. vt.
17. disappear vi.
18. attempt n. & vt.
19. worthwhile adj.
20. professional adj. n.
21. entrance n.
22. process n. vt.
23. forgive vt. & vi.(forgave, forgiven) vt.
24. quality n. adj.
25. further adv.(far 的比较级)
26. historic adj.
27. comparison n.
28. contrast n. vt.
29. identify vt.
二、单词拓展
1. v. 创造 → adj. 创造性的;有创造力的;有创意的 →
adv. 创造性地;有创造力地
2. vt. 保存;保护;维持 n. 保护区 → n. 保存;保护;维护 →
adj. 防腐的;保护性的
3. vt. 促进;提升;推销;晋级 → n. 提升;晋升;推销;促销 →
adj. 促销的;推广的
4. n. 平衡;均匀 vt. 使平衡 → adj. 平衡的;均衡的 → adj. 不平衡的;失衡的
5. n. 提议;建议 → n. 提议;建议;提案 → adj. 被提议的;建议的
6. n. 抗议 vi. & vt.(公开)反对;抗议 → n. 抗议者;反对者 →
adj. 抗议的;反对的
7. adj. 可能的 adv. 可能地 → adj. 不可能的;未必的 → n. 可能性;可能
8. n. 限度;限制 vt. 限制;限定 → adj. 有限的 → n. 限制;局限;限制因素
9. vt. 阻止;阻碍;阻挠 → n. 预防;阻止;防止 → adj. 预防的;防止的
10. vi. & vt. 捐献;捐助 → n. 捐款;贡献;捐赠 → n. 贡献者;捐助者
11. vt. & vi. 调查;研究 → n. 调查;研究 → n. 调查员;研究者
12. n. 行为;举止;管理方法 vt. 组织;安排;带领 → n. 传导;输送 →
n. 指挥;售票员;导体
13. n. 文件;公文;(计算机)文档 vt. 记录;记载(详情)→ adj. 文件的;记录的 n. 纪录片
14. vi.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠;赠送;献(血) vt. 向…… 捐赠…… → n. 捐赠;捐献 → n. 捐赠者;捐献者
15. vi. 消失;灭绝;消亡 → n. 消失;不见;失踪
16. n. 过程;进程;步骤 vt. 处理;加工→ adj. 经过加工的
17. vt. & vi.(forgave, forgiven)原谅;宽恕 vt. 对不起;请原谅 → n. 原谅;宽恕 → adj. 宽容的;仁慈的
18. adj. 数码的;数字显示的 → adv. 数字地;数码地 → vt. 使数字化
19. adj. 历史上著名(或重要)的;有史时期的 → adj. 历史的;有关历史的
20. v. 比较;对比 → n. 比较;相比 → adj. 比较的;相对的
21. vt. 确认;认出;找到 → n. 识别;确认;身份证明 → adj. 可识别的;可辨认的
三、常考单词
1.heritage n. 遗产(指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色)
背重点
背写作佳句
1) cultural heritage 文化遗产
2) protect/preserve heritage 保护遗产
3) heritage site 遗产地
① It is our duty to protect our cultural heritage for future generations.(议论文)保护文化遗产是我们对后代的责任。② Many ancient heritage sites are facing serious threats from natural disasters.(说明文)许多古老的遗产地正面临自然灾害的严重威胁。
2.creative adj. 创造性的;有创造力的;有创意的
背重点
背写作佳句
1) creative ideas 创意 / 想法
2) be creative with 在…… 方面有创意
3) creativity n. 创造力;创造性
4) creatively adv. 创造性地
① A creative mind can help us solve problems in new ways.(议论文)富有创造力的思维能帮助我们用新方法解决问题。
② Teachers encourage students to be creative and think outside the box.(记叙文)老师鼓励学生发挥创意,打破常规思维。
3.preserve vt. 保存;保护;维持 n. 保护区
背重点
背写作佳句
1) preserve cultural relics 保护文物
2) preserve from 保护…… 免受……
3) preservation n. 保护;保存
4) a nature preserve 自然保护区
① The local government has taken measures to preserve the old temple.(说明文)当地政府已采取措施保护这座古庙。
② We should do our part to preserve the environment for future.(议论文)我们应为保护环境尽一份力,造福未来。
4.promote vt. 促进;提升;推销;晋级
背重点
背写作佳句
1) promote cultural exchange 促进文化交流
2) promote the development of 促进…… 的发展
3) promote sb. to… 提拔某人至……
4) promotion n. 提升;推广;促销
① The activity aims to promote understanding between different cultures.(说明文)这项活动旨在促进不同文化间的理解。
② Regular exercise can promote both physical and mental health.(议论文)规律运动能促进身心健康。
5.contribute vi. & vt. 捐献;捐助;促成
背重点
背写作佳句
1) contribute to 促成;导致;有助于;投稿
2) contribute money to 向…… 捐款
3) contribution n. 贡献;捐款
4) make a contribution to 对…… 做出贡献
① Every student can contribute to making our school a better place.(倡议书)每个学生都能为建设更好的校园贡献力量。② Too much stress contributes to many health problems.(议论文)压力过大会导致多种健康问题。
6. limit n. 限度;限制 vt. 限制;限定
背重点
背写作佳句
1) set a limit to 对…… 设限
2) without limit 无限地
3) limit sth. to 把…… 限制在……
4) limited adj. 有限的
5) limitation n. 限制;局限
① We should learn to limit our time spent on mobile phones.(议论文)我们应学会限制花在手机上的时间。
② Due to limited resources, we need to use them wisely.(说明文)由于资源有限,我们需要明智使用。
7.prevent vt. 阻止;阻碍;阻挠
背重点
背写作佳句
1) prevent…from (doing) sth. 阻止…… 做某事
2) take measures to prevent 采取措施预防3) prevention n. 预防;防止
① We must take action to prevent pollution from getting worse.(议论文)我们必须采取行动防止污染恶化。
② Wearing masks can help prevent the spread of illness.(说明文)戴口罩有助于预防疾病传播。
8.disappear vi. 消失;灭绝;消亡
背重点
背写作佳句
1) disappear from view/sight 消失不见
2) die out/disappear 灭绝
3) disappearance n. 消失;失踪
① Many rare animals are in danger of disappearing forever.(说明文)许多珍稀动物面临永久灭绝的危险。
② The old traditions are slowly disappearing with time.(记叙文)这些古老的传统正随时间慢慢消失。
9.attempt n. & vt. 企图;试图;尝试
背重点
背写作佳句
1) attempt to do sth. 尝试 / 试图做某事2) make an attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事3) in an attempt to do sth. 为了做某事
① He made his first attempt to climb the mountain at the age of 16.(记叙文)他 16 岁时第一次尝试攀登这座山。
② The team is attempting to find a new way to solve the problem.(说明文)团队正试图找到解决问题的新方法。
10.conduct vt. 组织;安排;带领;指挥 n. 行为;举止
背重点
背写作佳句
1) conduct a survey/research 做调查 / 研究2) conduct an experiment 做实验3) conduct oneself 表现;举止
① The students conducted a survey on students' reading habits.(记叙文)学生们做了一项关于阅读习惯的调查。② He is a good student with good conduct at school.(记叙文)他是个在校表现良好的好学生。
11. donate vi. & vt. 捐赠;赠送;献(血)
背重点
背写作佳句
1) donate sth. to sb./sth. 向…… 捐赠某物2) donate blood 献血
3) donation n. 捐赠;捐款
① Many people donated money to help the homeless children.(记叙文)许多人捐款帮助无家可归的孩子。② It's meaningful to donate books to children in poor areas.(议论文)给贫困地区的孩子捐书很有意义。
12.historic adj. 历史上著名(或重要)的;有史时期的
背重点
背写作佳句
1) historic site/building 历史遗迹 / 建筑2) historic moment/event 历史性时刻 / 事件3) historical adj. 历史的;有关历史的
① The Great Wall is one of China's most famous historic sites.(说明文)长城是中国最著名的历史遗迹之一。② This agreement marks a historic change in our relationship.(议论文)这项协议标志着我们关系的历史性转变。
13.establish vt. 建立;创立
背重点
背写作佳句
1) establish a club/school 建立俱乐部 / 学校2) establish rules 制定规则3) establish a good relationship with… 与…… 建立良好关系4) establishment n. 机构;设立
① The school established a new club to encourage students to read more.(记叙文)学校成立了一个新俱乐部,鼓励学生多读书。② It is important to establish good learning habits at the beginning.(议论文)一开始就养成良好的学习习惯很重要。
14.investigate vt. & vi. 调查;研究
背重点
背写作佳句
1) investigate the cause of… 调查…… 的原因2) carry out/conduct an investigation 进行调查3) investigation n. 调查;研究
① The police are still investigating the cause of the accident.(说明文)警方仍在调查事故原因。② Scientists are investigating how climate change affects local plants.(说明文)科学家正在研究气候变化对当地植物的影响。
15. issue n. 重要议题;争论的问题 vt. 宣布;公布
背重点
背写作佳句
1) a key/serious issue 关键 / 严重问题2) solve/address an issue 解决 / 处理问题3) public issues 公共问题
① Environmental protection is a major issue for our society today.(议论文)环保是当今社会的重大议题。② The government has issued new rules to protect the old buildings.(说明文)政府已发布新规保护古建筑。
16.worthwhile adj. 值得做的;值得花时间的
背重点
背写作佳句
1) be worthwhile to do sth. /doing sth. 做某事是值得的2) a worthwhile experience 一次有价值的经历
① Volunteering in the countryside was a truly worthwhile experience for me.(记叙文)去乡村做志愿者对我来说是一段非常有意义的经历。② It is worthwhile to take time to learn about our cultural heritage.(议论文)花时间了解我们的文化遗产是值得的。
17.likely adj. 可能的 adv. 可能地
背重点
背写作佳句
1) be likely to do sth. 可能做某事
2) It is likely that… 很可能……
3) unlikely adj. 不可能的
① It is likely that we will have more activities next semester.(记叙文)我们下学期很可能会有更多活动。② He is likely to become a great artist in the future.(议论文)他将来很可能会成为一名伟大的艺术家。
18.process n. 过程;进程;步骤 vt. 处理;加工
背重点
背写作佳句
1) in the process of doing sth. 在做某事的过程中
2) the learning process 学习过程
3) process information/data 处理信息 / 数据
① You will learn a lot in the process of preparing for the exam.(议论文)你会在备考过程中学到很多东西。② The factory uses new machines to process food safely.(说明文)工厂使用新机器安全加工食品。
四.单元短语
学科网(北京)股份有限公2 / 50
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. 参与(某事);参加(某活动)
2. 让步;屈服
3 保持平衡
4. 导致
5. 阻止;不准
6. 向…… 求助
7. 确保;设法保证
8. 提出建议
9. 在世界各地
五.单元佳句
1.句式:定语从句(which/who/that 引导)
【教材】A group of researchers and scientists from China and other countries are working together to help increase knowledge and appreciation of China's ancient cultural heritage. They are recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from the Mogao Caves, which were a key stop along the Silk Road throughout China's ancient history.
来自中国及其他国家的研究人员和科学家们正携手合作,帮助增进人们对中国古代文化遗产的了解与欣赏。他们正在记录和收集莫高窟文物的数字图像,而莫高窟是中国古代丝绸之路上的重要一站。
2.句式:被动语态(现在完成时)
【教材】Nearly 500,000 high-quality digital photographs have been produced since the international project started in 1994.
自 1994 年该国际项目启动以来,已拍摄了近 50 万张高质量的数字照片。
3.句式:倒装句(Not only...but also...)
【教材】Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.
这些国家不仅找到了一条不践踏过去遗迹的未来之路,还学会了各国可以携手共创更美好的明天。
4.句式:非谓语动词作状语
【教材】Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.
寺庙和其他文化遗址被逐块拆解,然后迁移并重新组装到一个不受水患威胁的安全地点。
六.单元语法
限制性&非限制性定语从句、现在完成时被动语态
一、限制性定语从句
1. 核心定义
对先行词进行必要限定、精准界定范围,是先行词不可缺失的核心修饰成分。删除从句后主句语义残缺、指代模糊,从句与主句紧密衔接,无逗号分隔,属于句子核心成分。
2. 标准句式结构
先行词 + 关系代词/关系副词 + 定语从句(严格陈述语序,不倒装)
3. 关系词完整选用体系
先行词指人,从句缺主语/宾语:优先 who,通用 that
先行词指物,从句缺主语/宾语:优先 which,通用 that
先行词表地点,从句缺地点状语:用 where
先行词表时间,从句缺时间状语:用 when
先行词表原因,从句缺原因状语:用 why
4. 高考重难点:只用that、不用which的5种必考特例(高考单选/语法填空高频)
先行词被序数词(first、last)、最高级(best、most)修饰时
先行词被 all、little、much、no、every、any、few 等不定代词修饰时
先行词同时包含“人+物”两类名词时
先行词被 the only、the very、the just 修饰时
主句以 who、which 开头的特殊疑问句,避免重复只用 that
5. 宾语省略规则(高考填空必考)
限制性定语从句中,关系代词(who/which/that)在从句中作宾语时,可直接省略;作主语时,绝对不可省略。语法填空无提示词时,优先考虑省略关系代词。
6. 高考新增易错点(高频丢分)
what 绝对不能引导定语从句(终极陷阱)
先行词为 time 表“次数”,引导词用 that 且可省略
先行词为 way 表方式,缺状语可用 that/in which/省略
7. 高考补充必考细节
介词+关系代词:定语从句拔高考点,介词由从句固定搭配、先行词搭配决定,只能用 which/whom,禁用 that
关系代词 whose 万能用法:可修饰人/物,表“……的”,whose + 名词 = of which + the + 名词,高考填空高频变形
定语从句主谓一致:从句谓语单复数跟随先行词,不随主句主语变化,改错高频易错
二、非限制性定语从句(高考拔高重难点·语法填空/改错必出)
1. 核心定义
对先行词进行补充说明、附加信息拓展,不限制先行词范围,属于句子修饰成分。删除从句后主句语义完整通顺,必须用逗号与主句隔开,全程禁用that。
2. 标准句式结构
先行词 + 逗号 + which/who/where/when + 完整从句
3. 高考核心考点(满分万能句型)
which 可指代前文整句话的整件事,不局限于指代单个先行词,多用于阐述事件意义、影响、结果,是高考作文结尾升华核心句型。
4. 高考必考关系词禁忌&辨析
禁止用 that、why 引导非限制性定语从句
指代整件事只能用 which;as 多用于“正如、众所周知”,位置可前置
非限制性从句中,who/which 绝对不可替换为 that
5. 高考终极辨析
限制性:无逗号、表限定、缺之句意残缺、可用that
非限制性:有逗号、表补充、缺之句意完整、禁用that
6. 高考冷门考点
数词/代词 + of which/whom(most of which、some of whom)是非限制性定语从句高频高级结构,高考语法填空必考。
7. 新增高考拔高知识点
as与which指代整句区别:as可前置、中置、后置,表“正如”;which只能后置,表“结果、转折”
非限制性定语从句无省略用法,所有关系词必须写出,不可省略
专有名词、独一无二名词后必须接非限制性定语从句,禁止用限制性从句
三、现在完成时被动语态(高考时态核心·文体专属)
1. 完整句式结构
主语 + have/has + been + 过去分词(been为被动标志,绝对不可省略)
2. 核心时态逻辑(高考时态辨析核心)
动作发生在过去,侧重强调对现在产生的结果、影响、状态留存,不强调动作执行者,语气客观正式,适配书面文体。
3. 高考专属标志词
since、so far、in recent years、over the past few years、in the last decade、already、yet、up to now
4. 高考时态终极辨析(改错/填空高频)
一般过去时被动:仅陈述过去动作,与现在无关联、无留存影响
现在完成时被动:过去动作持续影响至今,强调当下状态结果
5. 高考易错点
短暂性动词(finish、complete、repair)完成时被动可与时间段连用
been 漏写、过去分词变形错误是高考第一失分点
主谓一致:单数主语用has been done,复数用have been done
6. 新增高考核心考点
现在完成时被动无进行时态,不存在have/has been being done结构,属于语法错误
固定句型:It has been + 时间段 + since...(被动句式高频套用)
被动语态中,by+动作执行者可省略,是书面文体默认用法
延续性动词优先用于完成时被动,适配长期保护、修缮类语境
七.单元写作
文化遗产保护新闻报道
本篇为新闻报道,主要介绍文化遗产现状、受损原因、保护措施及保护意义。语言客观正式,以一般现在时、现在完成时、一般过去时为主,多使用第三人称叙述。
[基本框架]
开头:新闻导语,交代时间、地点与文化遗产保护这一核心事件
主体:描述文物受损情况,介绍政府、专家、志愿者开展的各项保护工作
结尾:点明文化遗产的价值,阐述保护意义,发出呼吁并展望未来
[常用词块]
cultural heritage 文化遗产
cultural relics 文物古迹
ancient buildings 古建筑
fall into ruin 沦为废墟
suffer damage 遭受破坏
launch a protection project 启动保护工程
restore ancient buildings 修复古建筑
raise public awareness 提高公众意识
make joint efforts 齐心协力
pass down from generation to generation 代代相传
[常用语句]
★ 精彩开头
Recently, a large-scale protection project has been launched to protect our local ancient cultural relics.
Due to natural factors and human activities, many ancient sites are facing serious damage.
It is reported that the ancient town has suffered great losses from years of wind and rain erosion.
To better preserve our cultural treasures, the local government has taken a series of effective measures.
★ 正文佳句
Professional experts were invited to repair the damaged buildings and restore their original appearance.
Modern technology is used to record every detail of the cultural heritage.
Volunteers take an active part in protecting our precious historical treasures.
The project not only repairs damaged relics but also helps spread traditional local culture.
More citizens are aware of the importance of heritage protection and join in voluntary work.
★ 余味结尾
Protecting cultural heritage is our responsibility and it deserves our full attention.
Only by joint efforts can we pass down our traditional culture to future generations.
Cultural heritage is the symbol of our long history and splendid traditional culture.
We should cherish and protect these precious relics so that they can shine forever.
请写一篇英语新闻报道,介绍你所在城市开展的文化遗产保护工作。
Old Town Gets Full Protection
Recently, a large-scale protection project has been launched in our city to save an ancient town with a history of over 800 years.
For years, the old town has suffered serious damage from wind and rain, and some traditional houses even fell into ruin. To change this situation, the local government took immediate action. Professional experts were invited to repair the ancient buildings, and modern technology was used to record every detail of the relics. Besides, many local volunteers joined in the work, helping clean the old streets and introduce the town's history to visitors.
Cultural heritage is the treasure of all human beings. It carries our history and traditional culture. Protecting it is not only the duty of the government, but also of every citizen. We believe that with joint efforts, the ancient town will regain its beauty and be well preserved for future generations to enjoy.
Unit 2 Wildlife Protection
一、核心单词
1. poster n.
2. illegal adj.
3. immediately adv.
4. die out
5. alarm vt. n.
6. rate n. vt.
7. extinct adj.
8. aware adj.
9. endanger vt.
10. living adj. n.
11. adapt vi. vt.
12. measure n. vt.
13. authority n.
14. pressure n.
15. reserve n. vt.
16. observe vt.
17. remind vt.
18. profit n.
19. attack n., vi. & vt.
20. effective adj.
21. recover vi. vt.
22. remove vt.
23. intend vi. & vt.
24. threaten vt.
25. exist vi.
26. harmony n.
27. creature n.
28. reduce vt.
二、单词拓展
1. adj. 不合法的;非法的 → adv. 不合法地;非法地
2. vt. & vi. 打猎;搜寻;追捕 → n. 猎人
3. vt. 使惊恐;使害怕;使担心 → adj. 惊人的;使人惊恐的
4. adj. 已灭绝的 → n. 灭绝
5. vi. 适应 vt. 使适应;使适合 → n. 适应;改编本 → adj. 能适应的;适应性强的
6. vt. 观察(到);注视;遵守 → n. 观察;观测 → n. 观察者;观测者
7. vt. 提醒;使想起 → n. 提醒物;提示
8. vt. & vi. 射杀;射伤;发射 → n. 射击;开枪
9. n., vi. & vt. 攻击;抨击 → n. 攻击者;袭击者
10. adj. 有效的;生效的 → n. 效果;影响 → adv. 有效地
11. vi. 恢复;康复 vt. 找回;寻回 → n. 恢复;康复
12. vi. & vt. 打算;计划;想要 → n. 意图;打算 → adj. 故意的;有意的
13. n. 威胁 → vt. 威胁;危及 → adj. 威胁的;恐吓的
14. vi. 存在;生存 → n. 存在;生存 → adj. 现存的;现行的
15. vt. 减少 → n. 减少;降低
16. vt. 伤害;损害 → adj. 有害的 → adj. 无害的
17. v. 居住;生活 → adj. 活的;在用的 → adj. 活着的;有生气的
18. vt. 涉及;让……担忧 → adj. 担心的;关切的 → prep. 关于
19. vt. 保护 → n. 保护 → adj. 保护的;防护的
20. v. 不同;相异 → adj. 不同的 → n. 差异;不同
三、常考单词
1. die out 灭亡;逐渐消失
背重点
背写作佳句
1) species die out 物种灭绝
2) die out forever 永远消失
3) die away (声音 / 风)逐渐消失
① If we don't protect them, many animals will die out soon.(议论文)如果我们不保护它们,很多动物很快就会灭绝。
② Some old traditions are dying out in modern society.(记叙文)一些古老的传统正在现代社会中慢慢消失。
2. adapt v. 适应;使适应
背重点
背写作佳句
1) adapt to (doing) sth. 适应(做)某事
2) adapt oneself to… 使自己适应……
3) adaptation n. 适应;改编本
① It took her a few months to adapt to the new school life.(记叙文)她花了几个月时间才适应新的学校生活。
② The plants have adapted to living in dry conditions.(说明文)这些植物已经适应了在干燥环境中生存。
3.concern vt. 使担忧;涉及 n. 担忧;关切
背重点
背写作佳句
1) be concerned about 关心;担忧
2) as far as I'm concerned 就我而言
3) concerning prep. 关于
①Many people are concerned about the effect of climate change.许多人都很担忧气候变化的影响。
②As far as I'm concerned, protecting wild animals is everyone's responsibility.就我而言,保护野生动物是每个人的责任。
4.reduce vt. 减少;降低
背重点
背写作佳句
1) reduce pollution 减少污染
2) reduce the risk of… 降低…… 的风险3) reduction n. 减少;降低
① We can reduce waste by using reusable bags instead of plastic ones.我们可以用可重复使用的袋子代替塑料袋来减少浪费。
② Regular exercise can reduce the risk of many diseases.(议论文)规律运动可以降低多种疾病的风险。
5. threaten vt. 威胁;危及
背重点
背写作佳句
1) threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事
2) be threatened with extinction 面临灭绝威胁
3) threat n. 威胁
① Many rare species are threatened with extinction due to human activities.(说明文)由于人类活动,许多珍稀物种正面临灭绝威胁。
② Pollution is threatening the survival of marine life.(议论文)污染正威胁着海洋生物的生存。
6.aware adj. 知道;发觉;有…… 意识的
背重点
背写作佳句
1) be aware of 意识到;知道
2) become aware of 开始意识到
3) awareness n. 意识;认识
① More people are becoming aware of the importance of protecting wildlife.(议论文)越来越多的人开始意识到保护野生动物的重要性。
② He was not aware of the danger until it was too late.(记叙文)他直到为时已晚才意识到危险。
7. extinct adj. 已灭绝的
背重点
背写作佳句
1) become extinct 灭绝
2) extinct species 已灭绝的物种
3) extinction n. 灭绝
① Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years.(说明文)恐龙已经灭绝数百万年了。
② Some animals are on the edge of becoming extinct.(议论文)有些动物正处于灭绝的边缘。
8.exist vi. 存在;生存
背重点
背写作佳句
1) exist in 存在于…… 中
2) exist on 靠…… 生存
3) existence n. 存在;生存
① Many rare animals exist only in this special forest.(说明文)许多珍稀动物只存在于这片特殊的森林中。
② Life cannot exist without water and air.(议论文)没有水和空气,生命就无法存在。
9. effective adj. 有效的;生效的
背重点
背写作佳句
1) an effective way to do sth. 做某事的有效方法
2) take effective measures 采取有效措施3) effectively adv. 有效地
① We must take effective measures to stop illegal hunting.(议论文)我们必须采取有效措施制止非法捕猎。
② Recycling is an effective way to reduce waste.(说明文)回收利用是减少浪费的有效方法。
10.measure n. 措施;方法 vt. 测量;度量
背重点
背写作佳句
1) take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
2) effective measures 有效措施
3) measure the size/weight 测量尺寸 / 重量
① The government has taken strong measures to protect endangered animals.(说明文)政府已采取有力措施保护濒危动物。
② It is time for us to take measures to improve the environment.(议论文)是时候采取措施改善环境了。
11. harmony n. 和谐;融洽
背重点
背写作佳句
1) live in harmony with 与…… 和谐相处2) in harmony with 与…… 协调一致
① We should learn to live in harmony with nature.我们应该学会与自然和谐相处。
② The animals and plants live in perfect harmony in this area.(说明文)这片区域的动植物和谐共生。
12.remind vt. 提醒;使想起
背重点
背写作佳句
1) remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
2) remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
3) reminder n. 提醒物;提示
① The picture reminds me of my happy childhood.(记叙文)这张照片让我想起了快乐的童年。
② Please remind me to turn off the lights before leaving.(应用文)请提醒我离开前关灯。
13.illegal adj. 不合法的;非法的
背重点
背写作佳句
1) illegal hunting/poaching 非法捕猎
2) illegal activities 非法活动
3) illegally adv. 非法地
① Illegal hunting has caused a sharp drop in the number of tigers.(说明文)非法捕猎导致老虎数量急剧下降。
② It is illegal to trade protected animals.(议论文)交易受保护的动物是违法的。
14.threat n. 威胁
背重点
背写作佳句
1) a threat to… 对…… 的威胁
2) pose a threat to 对…… 构成威胁
3) threaten v. 威胁;危及
① Climate change is a major threat to many animal species.(说明文)气候变化对许多动物物种构成重大威胁。
② Pollution poses a serious threat to our environment.(议论文)污染对我们的环境构成了严重威胁。
15. due to 由于;因为
背重点
背写作佳句
1) due to + 名词 / 代词 / 动名词 由于2) be due to do sth. 预定做某事
3) because of(同义短语)
① Many animals are in danger due to human activities.(说明文)由于人类活动,许多动物正处于危险之中。
② The sports meeting was put off due to the bad weather.(记叙文)由于天气不好,运动会推迟了。
四.单元短语
1. 灭亡;逐渐消失
2. 适应
3. 平均
4. 对…… 关切的;为…… 担忧的
5. 在压力下;承受压力
6. 看清;听清;分清
7. 保护;照管;监督
8. 日日夜夜;夜以继日
9. 激起
10. 由于;因为
11. 搜索;查找
五.单元佳句
1. 句式:被动语态(现在进行时)
【教材】They are being hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur.
它们正因珍贵的皮毛而遭到非法猎杀。
2. 句式:定语从句(which/that引导)
【教材】The reserve is a shelter for the animals and plants that live in northwestern Tibet.
该保护区是生活在西藏西北部的动植物的庇护所。
3. 句式:倒装句(Only + 状语放句首)
【教材】Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
只有当我们学会与自然和谐共处时,我们才能停止对野生动物和我们星球的威胁。
4. 句式:when it comes to... 固定句型
【教材】When it comes to wildlife protection, all species should be treated equally.
谈到野生动物保护,所有物种都应被平等对待。
5. 句式:There be 句型的被动变形 / 现在进行时被动
【教材】Billions of trees are being cut down every year to make paper for humans.
每年有数十亿棵树木被砍伐,为人类造纸。
六.单元语法
现在进行时被动语态
一、现在进行时被动语态(高考时态重难点)
1. 固定结构公式
am/is/are + being + 过去分词
2. 核心语法含义
强调此时此刻、现阶段正在发生的被动动作,具备强动态感、画面感,侧重动作正在进行、尚未结束。
3. 高考致命易错点
being 是进行时态的核心标志,绝对不能省略;省略后直接变为一般现在时被动,丢失“正在进行”时态含义,高考改错高频扣分。
4. 高考时态终极辨析
一般现在时被动:表常态、客观事实、习惯性动作,无动态感
现在进行时被动:表现阶段临时动作、正在发生的变化、危急现状
5. 高考冷门考点
现阶段持续的状态(nowadays、at present、these days)固定搭配现在进行时被动,是高考语法填空隐形提示词。
6. 高考必考细节
无被动语态动词:happen、occur、take place、last、appear 等不及物动词/短语,无进行被动形式,高考改错高频陷阱
语境限定:描写当下正在发生的环境破坏、物种伤害,必须用此时态,时态误用直接扣分
否定结构:am/is/are + not + being done,not位置固定,不可乱序
二、现在分词doing作结果状语(高考写作满分句型·必考)
1. 基础结构
完整主句 + 逗号 + doing(结果状语)
2. 核心逻辑规则
doing 动作由主句主语发出,表主句动作自然而然、顺势产生的结果,无需人为刻意干预,侧重因果顺承。
3. 高考句式辨析(超级高频)
doing:顺其自然、必然结果(高考90%场景使用)
to do:出乎意料、意外结果(仅用于负面意外结局)
4. 高考语法硬性规则(改错必考点)
分词逻辑主语必须与主句主语完全一致,主语不一致即为悬垂分词,属于高考语法重大错误。
5. 高考拔高用法
可与非限制性定语从句(which引导)互换改写,实现句式升级,适配高考作文句式多样性要求。
6. 新增细分考点
分词完成式 having done:表动作先于主句动作完成,侧重先后顺序,高考高级写作加分点
结果状语分词只能置于句末,不可前置,句式位置固定
否定形式:not doing,not必须置于分词前,不可后置
三、Only+状语 部分倒装(高考倒装核心·结尾升华必考)
1. 严格倒装结构
Only + 时间/条件/方式/地点状语(短语/从句)+ 助动词/情态动词/be动词 + 主语 + 实义动词
2. 高考核心规则(超级易错)
Only 修饰状语,主句部分倒装
Only 修饰主语,句式绝对不倒装(高考最大陷阱)
仅主句倒装,Only后的状语从句始终用陈述语序(永不倒装)
3. 高考拓展倒装细节
时态保持一致,倒装仅调整语序,不改变时态;有情态动词提前情态动词,无情态动词根据时态加do/does/did。
4. 新增高考倒装必考知识点
倒装句时态不变,主谓一致规则不变,仅调整语序
Only+状语置于句中/句末,无需倒装,仅句首修饰状语才倒装
同类倒装拓展:Never、Hardly、Seldom 等否定词置句首全倒装,适配同类题型
5. 语法功能
强调唯一条件、必要途径,语气强烈庄重,是高考作文结尾升华、观点总结、呼吁倡议的顶级满分句型。
七.单元写作
海报
本篇为宣传海报,介绍野生动物生存现状、濒危原因,列举可行的保护举措并发出倡议。语言简洁有力、富有号召力,以一般现在时为主,多使用第二人称。
[基本框架]
开头:使用醒目标题,点明野生动物濒临灭绝的严峻现状
主体:分析物种濒危的原因,列举普通人可以践行的保护行动
结尾:发出呼吁,号召大家行动起来,与自然和谐共处
[常用词块]
endangered species 濒危物种
on the edge of extinction 濒临灭绝
natural habitat 自然栖息地
illegal hunting 非法捕猎
destroy living environments 破坏生存环境
break the balance of nature 打破生态平衡
refuse animal products 拒绝动物制品
take action 采取行动
live in harmony with nature 与自然和谐共处
make a big difference 产生巨大影响
[常用语句]
★ 精彩开头
Many wild animals are in great danger and some are dying out.
Nowadays, a growing number of wildlife species are on the edge of extinction.
Human activities have caused great threats to the survival of wild animals.
The destruction of natural environments has made it hard for wild animals to survive.
★ 正文佳句
Their habitats are constantly destroyed, leaving them no place to live.
We can protect wildlife by refusing products made from endangered animals.
Small actions in daily life can help protect our animal friends.
Illegal hunting and deforestation are the main causes of species extinction.
We can volunteer in wildlife protection activities and spread protection knowledge.
★ 余味结尾
Protecting wild animals is protecting ourselves.
Let's take action before it is too late!
Every living species plays an important role in keeping the balance of nature.
Only by living in harmony with nature can we enjoy a sustainable future.
请制作一张英文海报,呼吁大家保护濒危野生动物。
Let's Save Endangered Wildlife
Dear friends,
Many wild animals are facing great danger today. Some species have already died out, and more are on the edge of extinction. Illegal hunting and the destruction of natural habitats are the main reasons for this terrible situation.
Animals are important parts of nature. If they disappear, the balance of nature will be broken, and we humans will also be affected. Here are some simple actions you can take to help: First, never buy products made from endangered animals. Second, protect forests and wetlands, which are animals' homes. Third, tell people around you about the importance of wildlife protection.
Small actions can make big changes. Let's take action right now and share the beautiful earth with our animal friends!
Unit 3 The Internet
一、核心单词
1.chat vi.
2.identity n.
3.convenient adj.
4.update vt. n.
5.benefit n. vt. vi.
6.distance n.
7.inspire vt.
8.access n. vt.
9.charity n.
10.conference n.
11.resident n. adj.
12.function n. vi.
13.confirm vt.
14.press vt.
15.discount n. vt.
16.account n.
17.privacy n.
18.target n. vt.
19.particular adj.
20.guideline n.
21.familiar adj.
22.define vt.
二、单词拓展
1. n. 博客 vi. 写博客 → n. 博客作者;博主
2. vi. 聊天;闲聊 → adj. 爱闲聊的;健谈的
3. vt. 流播;流出 vi. 流动 → n. 流播;流媒体
4. n. 身份;个性 → vt. 确认;认出;找到 → n. 识别;身份证明
5. adj. 方便的;近便的 → n. 便利;方便
6. n. 益处 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于 → adj. 有益的;有利的
7. n. 距离 → adj. 遥远的;疏远的
8. vt. 鼓舞;激励;启发思考 → n. 灵感;鼓舞 → adj. 鼓舞人心的
9. n. 通道;机会 vt. 进入;使用 → adj. 可到达的;易接近的
10. n. 功能;作用 vi. 起作用;运转 → adj. 功能的;实用的
11. vt. 确认;使确信 → n. 确认;证实
12. vt. 按,压;敦促 → n. 压力;压迫
13. adj. 私人的;私密的 → n. 隐私;私密
14. adj. 粗鲁的;无礼的 → n. 粗鲁;无礼
15. vt. 使尴尬;使难堪 → adj. 让人难堪的;尴尬的 → adj. 感到尴尬的
16. adj. 心烦的;苦恼的 vt. 使烦恼;使生气 → adj. 令人心烦意乱的
17. adj. 熟悉;熟知 → n. 熟悉;通晓
18. vt. 给……下定义;界定;解释 → n. 定义;释义
19. vt. & vi. 粘贴;卡住 → adj. 卡住;陷(入);困(于)
20. vt. 更新;向……提供最新信息 → adj. 更新的;最新的
三、常考单词
1. benefit n. 益处 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于
背重点
背写作佳句
1) benefit from 从…… 中受益
2) benefit sb. 使某人受益
3) be beneficial to 对…… 有益
4) for the benefit of 为了…… 的利益
① Many students benefit greatly from reading every day.(议论文)许多学生从每天阅读中受益匪浅。
② Regular exercise is beneficial to both our body and mind.(说明文)规律运动对我们的身心都有益处。
2. distance n. 距离
背重点
背写作佳句
1) in the distance 在远处
2) keep one's distance from 与…… 保持距离
3) at a distance 隔一段距离;从远处
4) distant adj. 遥远的
①We could see the mountains in the distance.(记叙文)我们能看见远处的群山。
②The internet allows us to communicate with friends at a distance.(说明文)互联网让我们能和远方的朋友交流。
3.inspire vt. 鼓舞;激励;启发思考
背重点
背写作佳句
1) inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
2) inspire sb. with sth. 用…… 鼓舞某人3) inspiration n. 灵感;鼓舞
4) inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的
① His story inspired me to work harder for my dream.(记叙文)他的故事激励我为梦想更加努力。
② The teacher's encouraging words were very inspiring to all of us.(议论文)老师鼓励的话对我们所有人都很鼓舞人心。
4.access n. 通道;机会 vt. 进入;使用
背重点
背写作佳句
1) have access to 有使用 / 接触…… 的机会
2) gain access to 获得…… 的使用权
3) accessible adj. 可到达的;易接近的
① More and more people now have access to the internet in their daily life.(说明文)现在越来越多的人在日常生活中能使用互联网。
② The school library provides students with free access to all kinds of books.(应用文)学校图书馆为学生提供各类书籍的免费使用权。
5. confirm vt. 确认;使确信
背重点
背写作佳句
1) confirm sth. 确认某事
2) confirm that… 证实……
3) confirmation n. 确认;证实
① Please call the office to confirm your appointment time.(应用文)请致电办公室确认你的预约时间。
② The results of the survey confirmed our earlier guess.(说明文)调查结果证实了我们之前的猜测。
6. press vt. 按,压;敦促
背重点
背写作佳句
1) press the button 按下按钮
2) press sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事
3) pressure n. 压力
① The workers were pressed to finish the project before the deadline.(记叙文)工人们被催促在截止日期前完成项目。
② Many students feel under great pressure from their studies.(议论文)许多学生承受着巨大的学习压力。
7. upset adj. 心烦的;苦恼的 vt. 使烦恼;使生气
背重点
背写作佳句
1) be upset about/by sth. 因某事心烦
2) upset sb. 使某人生气 / 烦恼
3) upsetting adj. 令人心烦意乱的
① She was upset because she had failed the exam.(记叙文)她因为考试不及格而心烦意乱。
② I didn't mean to upset you with my words.(应用文)我不是故意用我的话惹你生气的。
8. convenient adj. 方便的;近便的
背重点
背写作佳句
1) It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事很方便
2) convenience n. 便利;方便
3) at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候
①It is very convenient to shop online, especially for busy people.网上购物非常方便,尤其是对忙碌的人来说。
②You can come to my house at your convenience this weekend.你可以在周末方便的时候来我家。
9. familiar adj. 熟悉;熟知
背重点
背写作佳句
1) be familiar with 对…… 熟悉
2) be familiar to 为…… 所熟悉
3) familiarity n. 熟悉;通晓
① Most students are familiar with this famous writer's works.(说明文)大多数学生都熟悉这位著名作家的作品。
② This song is familiar to people of all ages.(记叙文)这首歌各个年龄段的人都很熟悉。
10.define vt. 给…… 下定义;界定;解释
背重点
背写作佳句
1) define sth. as… 把…… 定义为……
2) definition n. 定义;释义
① People often define success in different ways.(议论文)人们对成功的定义各不相同。
② The dictionary defines this word clearly for us.(说明文)词典为我们清晰地解释了这个词。
11. update vt. 更新;向…… 提供最新信息 n. 更新;最新消息
背重点
背写作佳句
1) update sb. on sth. 向某人提供某事的最新消息
2) update the system 更新系统
3) updated adj. 更新的;最新的
① Please update me on the situation as soon as possible.(应用文)请尽快向我提供情况的最新消息。
② It is important to keep your phone software updated.(说明文)保持手机软件更新很重要。
12. inspire vt. 鼓舞;激励;启发思考
背重点
背写作佳句
1) inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
2) inspire confidence in sb. 激发某人的信心
3) inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的
① Her courage inspired many people to face their own fears.(记叙文)她的勇气激励了许多人面对自己的恐惧。
② The speech was very inspiring and made everyone feel positive.这场演讲非常鼓舞人心,让每个人都感到积极向上。
13. go through 经历;度过;通读
背重点
背写作佳句
1) go through a hard time 经历一段艰难时期
2) go through the exam papers 批改试卷
3) go through the book 通读这本书
①She went through a lot of difficulties before she finally succeeded.(记叙文)她经历了很多困难才最终成功。
② You should go through the instructions carefully before using the machine.(说明文)使用机器前,你应该仔细阅读说明。
四.单元短语
1. 陪伴某人
2. (互联网上的)搜索引擎
3. 身份证
4. 掌握……的最新消息;了解……的动态
5. 取笑;戏弄
6. 牢记
7. 状况良好
8. 经历;度过;通读
9. 既然;由于
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五.单元佳句
1. 句式:现在完成时被动语态
【教材】People's lives have been changed by online communities and social networks.
人们的生活已被线上社区和社交网络所改变。
2. 句式:定语从句(where引导)
【教材】She also joined an online group where she could talk about her problems and get support and advice from others.
她还加入了一个线上小组,在那里她可以倾诉自己的问题,并从他人那里获得支持和建议。
3.句式:比较级固定句型 “the + 比较级, the + 比较级”
【教材】The more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked.
你越有礼貌,受到攻击的可能性就越小。
4.句式:条件状语从句(If引导)
【教材】If you see or read something that makes you feel uncomfortable, leave the site immediately.
如果你看到或读到让你感到不适的内容,请立即离开该网站。
5.句式:动名词作主语
【教材】Being online is no excuse for being rude.
上网不是行为粗鲁的借口。
六.单元语法
现在完成时的被动语态
一、语法认知
现在完成时被动语态是高中核心时态语态,融合现在完成时(时态特征)和被动语态(语态特征),专门用于描述:过去发生的被动动作,持续到现在、对现在产生固定影响或留存现存状态,是高考说明文、新闻文体、书面表达的高频必考时态。
二、完整句式结构(课堂必背公式)
核心陈述句结构
肯定句:主语 + have / has + been + 过去分词(done)
否定句:主语 + have / has + not + been + 过去分词
一般疑问句:Have / Has + 主语 + been + 过去分词?
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + Have / Has + 主语 + been + 过去分词?
三、主谓一致规则(基础必考)
第三人称单数主语(单数名词、不可数名词、it/he/she、单个人/物)→ has been done
复数主语、I/you/we/they、多个人/物 → have been done
四、核心语法含义(吃透本质,不盲目套公式)
同时满足两个核心条件:
1. 语态层面:主语是动作的承受者,动作被完成,非主语主动发出
2. 时态层面:动作发生在过去,持续影响现在、留存当下状态,不关注动作具体发生时间
五、标志性时间状语(解题秒杀信号)
出现以下词汇,99%考查现在完成时被动语态:
so far、up to now、till now、recently、lately、in the past few years、over the last decade、since + 时间点/从句、already、yet、once、twice
课堂重点:yet 仅用于否定句和疑问句,already 多用于肯定句。
六、时态精细辨析(高考最大难点·逐句区分)
1. 现在完成时被动 VS 一般过去时被动
现在完成时被动(have/has been done):无具体过去时间,侧重现在结果和影响
一般过去时被动(was/were done):搭配具体过去时间(yesterday、last year、in 2020),与现在完全无关
2. 现在完成时被动 VS 一般现在时被动
一般现在时被动:表客观真理、常态习惯、长期固定规则
现在完成时被动:表阶段性变化、新增成果、现已成型的新状态
七、高考必考易错点
1. 绝对禁止错误结构:无 have/has been being done(完成进行被动不存在)
2. been 不可省略:been 是完成被动的核心标志,漏写直接失分,是学生最高频错误
3. 延续/短暂动词通用:本时态可接短暂动词(finish、build、complete),无需转换延续动词
4. by 短语灵活省略:书面表达中无需刻意加 by sb.,默认弱化执行者,贴合正式文体
5. since 从句时态固定:since 从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时被动
七.单元写作
博客
本篇为青少年博客文章,分享网络安全经验与防范技巧,介绍网络隐患。语言亲切自然、通俗易懂,以一般现在时为主,第一人称分享经验,第二人称提出建议。
[基本框架]
开头:阐述网络的利弊,点明网络安全的重要性
主体:分点列举实用的上网安全规则与防护方法
结尾:总结全文,呼吁大家理性安全上网,可增加互动内容
[常用词块]
online safety 网络安全
personal information 个人信息
protect privacy 保护隐私
cyber bullying 网络欺凌
suspicious messages 可疑信息
leak personal information 泄露个人信息
privacy settings 隐私设置
set strong passwords 设置强密码
report bad behaviour 举报不良行为
surf the Internet safely 安全上网
[常用语句]
★ 精彩开头
The Internet brings us convenience, but it also brings hidden risks.
As teenagers, we should learn to protect ourselves while surfing online.
More and more teenagers rely on the Internet for study and entertainment.
However, many hidden online dangers may bring us trouble if we are careless.
★ 正文佳句
Never share your private information with strangers online.
We should stay away from bad information and refuse cyber bullying.
It is necessary to change your passwords regularly to keep your account safe.
Do not believe or spread unknown information online to avoid being cheated.
It is dangerous to make private appointments with net friends alone.
★ 余味结尾
Only by keeping safety in mind can we enjoy the Internet happily.
Safety comes first when we are online.
Wise use of the Internet enriches our life while careless use brings risks.
We should develop good online habits and protect ourselves all the time.
请写一篇英文博客,为青少年分享实用的网络安全建议。
Tips on Online Safety
Nowadays, teenagers spend lots of time surfing the Internet. It brings us convenience and fun, but there are also various hidden risks. So how can we keep safe online? Here are my suggestions.
First of all, protect your personal privacy. Never share your real name, home address or phone number with strangers online. Secondly, be cautious when chatting with net friends. Do not meet online friends alone in unfamiliar places. Thirdly, stay away from bad information and refuse cyber bullying. If you are troubled by it, ask your parents or teachers for help right away. Besides, remember to set strong passwords and turn on privacy settings for your social accounts.
The Internet is a wonderful world, but we should always keep safety in mind. I hope my tips are useful to you. What do you do to stay safe online? Leave a comment below!
Unit 4 History And Tradition
一、核心单词
1.individual adj. n.
2.chief adj. n.
3.nearby adj. adv.
4.belong vi.
5.military adj.
6.defence n.
7.legal adj.
8.surround vt.
9.evidence n.
10.achievement n.
11.fascinating adj.
12.charge n. vt.
13.announce vt.
14.amount n.
15.approach n. vt. vi.
16.ensure vt.
17.generous adj.
18.position n. vt.
19.eager adj.
20.feast n.
21.greet vt.
22.custom n.
23.striking adj.
24.transition n.
25.crowd n. vt.
二、单词拓展
1. n. 防御;保卫 → vt. 防御;保护 → adj. 防御性的;自卫的
2. n. 证据;证明 → adj. 明显的;清楚的 → adv. 明显地;显然
3. vt. 完成;达到 → n. 成就;成绩;达到 → adj. 可实现的
4. vt. 占领;征服;控制→ n. 征服者;胜利者
5. vt. 宣布;通知;声称 → n. 公告;宣告;通知 → n. 播音员;报幕员
6. vt. 接近;接洽;着手处理 vi. 靠近 → adj. 和蔼可亲的;易接近的
7. vt. 保证;确保;担保 → adj. 确信的;可靠的 adv. 当然;确实
8. adj. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的 → n. 慷慨;大方 → adv. 慷慨地;大方地
9. adj. 热切的;渴望的 → adv. 急切地;渴望地 → n. 渴望;热切
10. n. 人群;一群人;民众 vt. 挤满;使……拥挤 → adj. 拥挤的;挤满的 → adj. 过度拥挤的
11. adj. 法律的;合法的 → adj. 不合法的;非法的 → adv. 合法地;法律上
12. vt. 围绕;包围 → adj. 周围的;附近的 → n. 环境;周围的事物
13. vt. 使着迷;迷住 → adj. 极有吸引力的;迷人的 → adj. 入迷的;极感兴趣的 → n. 魅力;迷恋
14. n. 收费;指控;主管 vt. 收费;控告;充电 → adj. 充满感情的;带电的 → n. 充电器
15. n. 风俗;习俗;习惯→ n. 顾客;客户
16. vt. 打;撞击;使突然想到 → adj. 引人注目的;显著的 → n. 罢工;打击
17. n. 过渡;转变;变迁 → adj. 过渡的;变迁的 → n. 运输;中转
18. adj. 单独的;个别的 n. 个人 → n. 个性;个人特征 → adv. 分别地;单独地
19. n. 哲学 → n. 哲学家 → adj. 哲学的;冷静的
20. n. 王国;领域 → n. 国王 → n. 女王;王后
21. n. 谜;智力游戏;疑问 vt. 迷惑;使困惑 → adj. 困惑的;茫然的 → adj. 令人迷惑的;费解的
22. vi. 应在(某处);适应 → n. 所有物;财产
23. vt. 防御;保卫 → n. 防御;保卫 → adj. 防御性的;自卫的
24. vi. & n. 吼叫;咆哮 → adj. 咆哮的;喧闹的
25. vi. & vt. (使)翻滚;(使)滚动 n. 卷(轴);翻滚 → adj. 旋转的;起伏的
26. n. 点;小(圆)点 vt. 加点;遍布 → adj. 星罗棋布的;有点的
27. n. 过渡;转变;变迁 → adj. 过渡的;变迁的 → n. 运输;中转
28. n. 地方;地点;位置 → vt. 位于;查找……的地点 → adj. 位于;坐落在
29. n. 诗人 → n. 诗;韵文 → n. 诗歌;诗集 → adj. 诗歌的;富有诗意的
三、常考单词
1.defence n. 防御;保卫
背重点
背写作佳句
1) in defence of 为…… 辩护;保护
2) defend vt. 防御;保护;辩护
3) defend oneself 自卫;为自己辩解
4) defensive adj. 防御性的;自卫的
① It is our duty to defend our country and protect its people.(议论文)保卫国家、保护人民是我们的责任。
②She spoke in defence of her friend when he was wrongly accused.(记叙文)当朋友被冤枉时,她站出来为他辩护。
2. achieve vt. 完成;达到
背重点
背写作佳句
1) achieve one's goal/dream 实现目标 / 梦想
2) achieve success 取得成功
3) achievement n. 成就;成绩
4) make great achievements 取得巨大成就
①With hard work and determination, anyone can achieve their dreams.(议论文)只要努力和坚定,任何人都能实现梦想。②The scientist achieved a great breakthrough in his research.(说明文)这位科学家在研究中取得了重大突破。
3.surround vt. 围绕;包围
背重点
背写作佳句
1) be surrounded by/with 被…… 包围 / 围绕
2) surrounding adj. 周围的;附近的
3) surroundings n. 环境;周围的事物
① The small village is surrounded by beautiful mountains and rivers.(记叙文)这个小村庄被美丽的山水环绕。
② We should choose to surround ourselves with positive people.(议论文)我们应该让自己被积极向上的人包围。
4. evidence n. 证据;证明
背重点
背写作佳句
1) there is evidence that… 有证据表明……
2) evident adj. 明显的;清楚的
3) give evidence 作证;提供证据
①There is clear evidence that the climate is changing due to human activities.(说明文)有明确证据表明,人类活动正导致气候变化。
② It is evident that he has made great progress in his studies.(议论文)很明显,他在学习上取得了很大进步。
5.conquer vt. 占领;征服;控制
背重点
背写作佳句
1) conquer difficulties 克服困难
2) conquer fear 战胜恐惧
3) conquer the world 征服世界
① We must learn to conquer our fears if we want to grow.(议论文)如果想成长,我们必须学会战胜恐惧。
② The team finally conquered the mountain after a week of climbing.经过一周的攀登,队伍终于征服了这座山。
6.approach n. 方法;途径;接近 vt. 接近;接洽;着手处理 vi. 靠近
背重点
背写作佳句
1) approach to sth. …… 的方法 / 途径
2) an approach to solving the problem 解决问题的方法
3) as winter approaches 随着冬天的来临4) approach sb. about sth.
就某事与某人接洽
①We need a new approach to dealing with environmental problems.(议论文)我们需要一种新方法来处理环境问题。② As the final exam approaches, students are all busy reviewing their lessons.(记叙文)随着期末考试临近,学生们都在忙着复习功课。
7. ensure vt. 保证;确保;担保
背重点
背写作佳句
1) ensure sth. 确保某事
2) ensure that… 确保……
3) ensure sb. sth. 保证某人得到某物
① Please ensure that all the windows are closed before leaving the classroom.离开教室前,请确保所有窗户都关好。
② The government is working to ensure everyone has access to clean water.政府正努力确保人人都能用上干净的水。
8.generous adj. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的
背重点
背写作佳句
1) be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨
2) be generous with sth. 大方使用某物
3) generosity n. 慷慨;大方
4) generously adv. 慷慨地;大方地
① He is always generous to his friends, often helping them when they are in trouble.(记叙文)他对朋友总是很慷慨,经常在他们遇到困难时伸出援手。
② It is very generous of you to share your food with us.(应用文)你能把食物分给我们,真是太慷慨了。
9. eager adj. 热切的;渴望的
背重点
背写作佳句
1) be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
2) be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物
3) eagerness n. 渴望;热切
4) eagerly adv. 急切地;渴望地
① The students are eager to learn new knowledge and explore the world.(议论文)学生们渴望学习新知识,探索世界。
② She was eager to hear the result of the competition.(记叙文)她急切地想听到比赛结果。
10.belong vi. 应在(某处);适应
背重点
背写作佳句
1) belong to 属于
2) belong in/on/under… 应放在……
3) belongings n. 所有物;财产
① The book belongs to the school library, so we must return it on time.这本书属于学校图书馆,所以我们必须按时归还。
② After moving to the new city, it took her a long time to feel she belonged.搬到新城市后,她花了很长时间才找到归属感。
11.charge n. 收费;指控;主管 vt. 收费;控告;充电
背重点
背写作佳句
1) take charge of 负责;掌管
2) in charge of 主管;负责
3) charge sb. with sth. 指控某人犯某罪
4) free of charge 免费
①As the monitor, she takes charge of organizing class activities.(记叙文)作为班长,她负责组织班级活动。
②The museum is open to the public free of charge on weekends.(说明文)这家博物馆周末免费向公众开放。
12. announce vt. 宣布;通知;声称
背重点
背写作佳句
1) announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布某事
2) announcement n. 公告;通知
3) make an announcement 发布通知
① The school announced that the sports meeting would be put off due to bad weather.(应用文)学校宣布,由于天气不好,运动会将推迟。
② The government announced new measures to protect cultural heritage.(说明文)政府宣布了保护文化遗产的新措施。
13.amount n. 金额;数量
背重点
背写作佳句
1) a large amount of + [U] 大量的
2) the amount of …… 的数量
3) amount to 总计;等于
① A large amount of money has been spent on protecting these ancient buildings.(议论文)保护这些古建筑已经花费了大量资金。
② The total amount of time spent on the project is over 100 hours.(说明文)这个项目总共耗时超过 100 小时。
14.crowd n. 人群;一群人;民众 vt. 挤满;使…… 拥挤
背重点
背写作佳句
1) a crowd of 一群;许多
2) crowded adj. 拥挤的
3) crowd into 挤进
① A large crowd of people gathered in the square to watch the performance.(记叙文)一大群人聚集在广场上观看表演。
② The street was so crowded that we could hardly move.(记叙文)街上太拥挤了,我们几乎走不动。
四.单元短语
1. 把……和……连接或联结起来
2. 脱离;背叛;逃脱
3. 属于
4. 同(一样也);和;还
5. 留心;留意
五.单元佳句
1.句式:what引导宾语从句
【教材】The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by what these different names mean.
很多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。
2.句式:as well as 并列结构
【教材】The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
组成联合王国的四个国家在某些领域合作。它们使用同一面旗帜(即联合王国国旗),同时也使用相同的货币和拥有共同的国防。
3.句式:the way 定语从句
【教材】They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses.
他们带来了英语的雏形,并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
4.句式:keep your eyes open 祈使句
【教材】If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
如果你留心去观察,你会惊喜地发现你既能看到它的过去,也能看到它的现在。
5.句式:现在分词作伴随状语
【教材】Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all, offering something for each of the senses.
它美丽的乡村风光让所有人为之激动和鼓舞,为每一种感官都带来享受。
6.句式:with复合结构
【教材】The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石岛”及其众多绿意盎然的郡的宁静风光,就像一场真正的视觉盛宴,连绵起伏的青山上点缀着牛羊。
六.单元语法
过去分词作定语、过去分词作宾语补足语
模块一:过去分词作定语
一、语法定义
过去分词(done)放在名词前后修饰名词,相当于简化版定语从句,统一表示:被动关系 + 动作已完成。
二、位置规则(课堂必记·两分法)
1. 单个过去分词 → 前置定语:done + 名词
例:a preserved tradition(被保留的传统)
2. 过去分词短语(两个词及以上)→ 后置定语:名词 + done 短语
例:buildings built hundreds of years ago(数百年前建造的建筑)
三、核心判定逻辑(解题万能方法)
看被修饰名词和动词的逻辑关系:
名词承受动作、动作已完成 → 用 done(过去分词)
名词发出动作、动作正在进行 → 用 doing(现在分词)
四、深度考点拓展
1. 无时态变化:过去分词作定语只体现“被动+完成”,不受主句过去/现在/将来时态影响,恒定不变
2. 形容词化过去分词:部分 done 完全形容词化,固定修饰名词(developed country、spoken English)
3. 句式互换:过去分词定语可还原为定语从句,作文可自由升级句式
五、易错点总结
不可根据中文语感乱选,必须严格看主被动逻辑
短语后置、单个分词前置,位置写错直接扣分
模块二:过去分词作宾语补足语
一、语法定义
放在宾语之后,补充说明宾语的状态或遭遇;核心逻辑:宾语与宾补动词为被动、完成关系。
二、高考必考动词分类(课堂必背清单)
1. 使役动词类
have / get / make + 宾语 + done
含义:让某物被别人做、使某物处于某种状态、主语遭遇某事
2. 感官动词类
see / hear / watch / notice / find / feel / observe + 宾语 + done
含义:看到/发现/听见某物被……
三、核心句式辨析(重难点分层突破)
以 have 为例,三类宾补完整区分:
1. have sth. done:宾语被动,被他人完成/遭遇(本单元核心)
2. have sb. do sth.:宾语主动,一次性动作,让某人做某事
3. have sb. doing sth.:宾语主动,动作持续进行,让某人一直做
七.单元写作
介绍一个地方
描述一个漂亮或者特殊的地方总体上属于介绍事物的说明文。它的要点内容可包括:地理位置、面积、人口、气候状况、著名的地方以及与众不同之处等。
时态应以现在时为主,人称以第三人称为主。
[基本框架]
开头:介绍该地方的基本信息(位置,面积等);
主体:描述该地方的一些具体信息(著名的地方,与众不同之处);
结尾:作者对此地点的感受或总结陈述以吸引读者去旅游。
[常用词块]
...is/lies/is located/is situated+地点状语 某地位于……
...is/lies+数词+metres above sea level某地海拔为……
...is surrounded by...……周围被……环绕
...be very/quite/extremely cold/hot/warm/dry/humid/sunny/rainy/mild...all the year round某地气候终年寒冷/炎热/温暖/干燥/潮湿/日光充足/多雨/温和……
...is rich in...,like/such as...……盛产/富于……例如/像……
...is famous/wellknown for...……以……著名
...has a (long)history of...……有……年的(悠久)历史
...dates/goes back to...……可追溯到……
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
It is located/lies in...,with an area of...
It covers an area of...,with a history of...
...,located in...and covering an area of...,is one of China's most famous scenic spots.
The history of...dates back to...
It has become the most popular tourist attraction since...
★正文佳句
There are many places of interest,such as...
You can enjoy...,which has a high reputation both at home and abroad.
With...,...is/are attracting more and more tourists.
An interesting feature of...is...
With its pleasant climate,rich natural resources and beautiful scenery,...is one of China's major tourist cities.
A trip along...will enable you to get to know...
★余味结尾
...is well worth visiting.
...is a place you have to visit and the extraordinary view will make you unwilling to leave.
假定你是英国学生Harry,有一位中国笔友Li Hua想了解一下你的家乡爱丁堡,请你根据提示回复一封电子邮件。
爱丁堡
苏格兰(Scotland)的首府,政治和文化中心
人口
约50万
面积
260平方千米(square kilometres)
地理位置
苏格兰的东南部
交通
公共交通十分便利
天气
气候温和(mild climate)
旅游
最受欢迎的旅游城市之一;古老建筑众多
注意:词数80左右。开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Li Hua,
Today I'm writing to tell you something about Edinburgh which you asked about in the last email.
Edinburgh,located in the southeast of Scotland,is the capital of Scotland as well as its political and cultural centre.It covers an area of 260 square kilometres with a small population of about five hundred thousand.In the city, you can easily get wherever you are going,using public transport.Close to seaside,Edinburgh has a mild climate,which makes it one of the most popular tourism cities in the UK.What's more,what makes it unique is its splendid ancient buildings standing along streets.
I would be happy to guide you around our city if you would arrange a visit here.
Yours faithfully,
Harry
Unit 5 Music
一、核心单词
1. classical adj.
2. energy n.
3. virtual adj.
4. composition n.
5. opportunity n.
6. perform vi. & vt.
7. performance n.
8. ordinary adj.
9. enable vt.
10. prove vt.
11. award vt. n.
12. composer n.
13. conductor n.
14. original adj. n.
15. relief n.
16. absorbed adj.
17. previous adj.
18. unemployed adj.
19. impact n.
20. equipment n.
21. assume vt.
22. addition n.
23. in addition (to sb/sth)
24. lean vt. (leant/leaned, leant/leaned)
25. satisfaction n.
26. various adj.
二、单词拓展
1. adj. 古典的;经典的 → adj. 经典的;最优秀的 n. 经典作品;名著
2. vi. & vt. 表演;履行;执行 → n. 表演;演技;表现 → n. 表演者;
3. adj. 普通的;平凡的 → adv. 通常地;平常地 → adj. 非凡的;特别的
4. vt. 使能够;使可能 → adj. 能够;有能力的 → n. 能力;才能
5. vt. 证明;展现 → n. 证明;证据 → adj. 被证实的
6. n. 作曲者;作曲家 → vt. 作曲;创作;组成 → n. 作品;作文;构成
7. vt. 指挥;引导;实施 → n. 指挥;售票员 → n. 传导性;导电性
8. adj. 原来的;独创的;原作的 → n. 起源;起因 → adv. 起初;原来
9. adj. 逐渐的;渐进的 → adv. 逐渐地;逐步地
10. adj. 有能力的;有才能的 → n. 能力;才能 → adj. 无能力的;不能的
11. n. 减轻;宽慰 → vt. 减轻;缓解;解除 → adj. 感到宽慰的;放心的
12. vt. 治愈;治好 → adj. 可治愈的 → adj. 无法治愈的
13. adj. 先前的;以往的 → adv. 先前;以前
14. adj. 浪漫的 → n. 浪漫史;爱情故事 → n. 浪漫主义
15. n. 目的;目标 vt. 瞄准;旨在 → adj. 无目的的;无目标的 → adv. 漫无目的地
16. vt. 装备;配备 → n. 设备;装备 → adj. 装备齐全的
17. n. 天才;天资;天赋 → adj. 有才能的;天才的
18. vt. 以为;假设 → n. 假定;假设 → conj. 假设;如果
19. vt. 添加;增加 → n. 添加;加法 → adj. 额外的;附加的
20. vt. 对待;治疗 → n. 治疗;对待;处理 → adj. 可治疗的
21. vt. 使满意;满足 → n. 满足;满意 → adj. 满意的;满足的 → adj. 令人满意的
22. vi. 变化;改变 → adj. 各种不同的;各种各样的 → n. 种类;多样性
23. vi. 反应;回应 → n. 反应;回应 → adj. 反应的;活性的
24. vt. 吸收;使全神贯注 → adj. 被……吸引住;专心致志 → adj. 吸引人的;引人入胜的
25. n. 巨大影响;冲击力 → adj. 有巨大影响的;有效的
三、常考单词
1.perform vi. & vt. 表演;履行;执行
背重点
背写作佳句
1) perform on the stage 在舞台上表演
2) perform a task 执行任务
3) perform well/badly 表现好 / 差
4) performance n. 表演;表现
①She performed beautifully at the school concert and won a lot of praise.她在学校音乐会上的表演非常精彩,赢得了很多好评。
②We must perform our duties carefully to make sure everything goes well.我们必须认真履行职责,确保一切顺利。
2. enable vt. 使能够;使可能
背重点
背写作佳句
1) enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事2) enable sth. 使某事成为可能
① New technology enables us to communicate with people around the world easily.(说明文)新技术让我们能轻松地和世界各地的人交流。
② Good education enables young people to realize their dreams.(议论文)良好的教育能让年轻人实现梦想。
3.prove vt. 证明;展现
背重点
背写作佳句
1) prove sth. to sb. 向某人证明某事
2) prove (to be) + adj./n. 证明是……
3) prove oneself 证明自己
① He worked hard to prove that he was the best choice for the team.(记叙文)他努力工作,证明自己是团队的最佳人选。② The experiment proved that his idea was correct.(说明文)实验证明他的想法是正确的。
4.combine vt. 结合;组合
背重点
背写作佳句
1) combine A with/and B 把 A 和 B 结合起来
2) combination n. 结合;组合
①The course combines theory with practice to help students learn better.这门课把理论和实践结合起来,帮助学生更好地学习。
②We can combine our hobbies with our studies to make learning more fun.我们可以把爱好和学习结合起来让学习变得更有趣。
5. relief n. 宽慰;减轻;解脱
背重点
背写作佳句
1) to one's relief 令某人欣慰的是
2) give relief to sb. 减轻某人的痛苦
3) relieve vt. 减轻;缓解
①To my great relief, all the students passed the final exam.让我大为欣慰的是,所有学生都通过了期末考试。
②Listening to music can give relief to people under pressure.听音乐可以缓解人们的压力。
6.aim n. 目的;目标 vt. 瞄准;旨在
背重点
背写作佳句
1) aim at doing sth. 旨在做某事
2) aim to do sth. 打算做某事
3) achieve one's aim 实现目标
① The project aims to help more children in poor areas receive education.(说明文)这个项目旨在帮助更多贫困地区的孩子接受教育。
② My main aim this year is to improve my English speaking skills.(应用文)我今年的主要目标是提高英语口语能力。
7. absorb vt. 吸收;使全神贯注
背重点
背写作佳句
1) be absorbed in 全神贯注于
2) absorb knowledge 吸收知识
① She was so absorbed in the book that she didn't hear her mother call her.(记叙文)她看书看得太入迷了,连妈妈叫她都没听见。
② Plants absorb energy from the sun to make food.(说明文)植物吸收太阳能来制造养分。
8. impact n. 巨大影响;冲击力
背重点
背写作佳句
1) have an impact on 对…… 有影响
2) make an impact 产生影响
① The new policy will have a great impact on people's daily lives.(说明文)这项新政策将对人们的日常生活产生巨大影响。
② We hope our actions can make a positive impact on the environment.(议论文)我们希望我们的行动能对环境产生积极影响。
9. assume vt. 以为;假设
背重点
背写作佳句
1) assume (that)… 认为……;假设……
2) assume sb. to be… 认为某人是……
3) assumption n. 假定;假设
①Many people assume that success comes from hard work alone, but luck also plays a role.(议论文)很多人认为成功只来自努力,但运气也有影响。
②We should not assume we know everything about others without talking to them.(记叙文)在和别人交谈前,我们不应该自以为了解他们的一切。
10.treat vt. 对待;治疗
背重点
背写作佳句
1) treat sb. with respect 尊重某人
2) treat sb. as… 把某人当作……
3) treat an illness 治疗疾病
4) treatment n. 治疗;对待
① We should treat everyone equally, no matter where they come from.无论来自哪里,我们都应该平等对待每一个人。
② The doctor treated the patient with great care and patience.医生非常细心和耐心地治疗病人。
11.satisfy vt. 使满意;满足
背重点
背写作佳句
1) satisfy one's needs 满足某人的需求
2) be satisfied with 对…… 感到满意
3) satisfaction n. 满足;满意
①The company works hard to satisfy its customers with high-quality products.(说明文)这家公司努力用高质量的产品满足客户需求。
② She was satisfied with her progress in learning the piano.(记叙文)她对自己的钢琴学习进展感到满意。
12.vary vi. 变化;不同
背重点
背写作佳句
1) vary from person to person 因人而异
2) vary with 随…… 变化
3) various adj. 各种各样的
4) variety n. 种类;多样性
① People's tastes in music vary greatly from one another.(议论文)人们的音乐品味差异很大。
② The weather here can vary a lot during the day, so it's best to bring different clothes.(记叙文)这里的天气白天变化很大,所以最好带上不同的衣服。
13.aim n. 目标;目的 vt. 旨在;瞄准
背重点
背写作佳句
1) aim to do sth. 旨在 / 打算做某事
2) aim at (doing) sth. 以…… 为目标
3) achieve one's aim 实现目标
① The program aims to help young people develop new skills.(说明文)这个项目旨在帮助年轻人培养新技能。
② My main aim this semester is to get better grades in math.(应用文)我这学期的主要目标是提高数学成绩。
四.单元短语
1. 爱上
2. 安装好(设备或机器)
3. 参加……选拔(或试演)
4. 除……以外(还)
5. 从(那)时起
6. 设法完成;通过;接通电话
五.单元佳句
1. 句式:定语从句(who/which引导)
【教材】The man who came up with the idea for a virtual choir is award-winning composer and conductor Eric Whitacre.
提出虚拟合唱团想法的人是屡获殊荣的作曲家兼指挥家埃里克·惠塔克。
2. 句式:被动语态(现在完成时)
【教材】Since then, the virtual choir has become a worldwide phenomenon.
从那以后,虚拟合唱团已成为一种全球现象。
3. 句式:it作形式主语
【教材】Music is the medicine of the mind.
音乐是心灵的良药。
4. 句式:比喻(metaphor)
【教材】Music gave me strength and brought me relief. It was the rock I leant on to become strong and to get through those hard times.
音乐给了我力量,让我得到慰藉。它是我依靠的磐石,让我变得坚强,度过那些艰难的时光。
5. 句式:现在分词作结果状语
【教材】It became my best friend, speaking words of encouragement to the deepest part of my being.
它成了我最好的朋友,向我内心最深处传递鼓励的话语。
6. 句式:时间状语从句(when引导)
【教材】When I listened to music, it made my spirits fly like a kite in the wind.
当我听音乐时,我的心情就像风中的风筝一样飞扬。
六.单元语法
过去分词作表语、过去分词作状语
模块一:过去分词作表语
一、语法定义
过去分词置于系动词之后,构成系表结构,用来描述主语的情绪、状态、特征。此时过去分词大多形容词化,弱化被动动作,侧重静态状态。
二、常用系动词搭配
be / feel / look / sound / seem / appear / become / get / remain + done
三、高考核心重难点:doing & done 终极辨析
1. 过去分词 done:多修饰人,表“感到……的(主观感受)”
例:moved(感动的)、tired(疲惫的)、interested(感兴趣的)
2. 现在分词 doing:多修饰事物,表“令人……的(事物属性)”
例:moving(感人的)、tiring(令人疲惫的)、interesting(有趣的)
四、高阶区分:系表结构 VS 被动语态(高考拔高)
系表结构(done作表语):强调状态,可被 very/quite 修饰,无动作感
被动语态:强调具体动作,常搭配 by 执行者、具体时间状语
模块二:过去分词作状语
一、核心语法规则
1. 过去分词作状语,统一表被动、动作已完成
2. 铁律规则:分词的逻辑主语必须与主句主语完全一致
3. 主语不一致 → 悬垂分词 → 高考语法重大错误
二、状语功能
过去分词作状语可等价替换状语从句,句式高级、简洁:
1. 时间状语(= when/after):Done with the work, he rested. 工作完成后,他休息了。
2. 原因状语(= because):Greatly inspired by the music, he worked harder. 被音乐深深鼓舞,他更加努力。
3. 条件状语(= if/once):Treated well, the music can comfort people. 若被用心聆听,音乐能治愈人心。
4. 让步状语(= though/although):Faced with pressure, he kept listening to music. 虽面对压力,他仍坚持听音乐。
5. 伴随状语:The singer stood there, surrounded by fans. 歌手站在那里,被粉丝环绕。
三、否定形式规则
统一前置否定:Not + 过去分词(禁止后置否定)
四、位置与标点规则
分词状语置于句首/句中,必须加逗号隔开主句
分词状语置于句末,可不用逗号
五、解题秒杀口诀
先找主句主,再判主被动;
被动且完成,直接用 done;
主动在进行,必须用 doing;
主语不一致,句式直接错。
七.单元写作
关于音乐的演讲稿
本篇为演讲稿,主题是音乐对生活的影响,结合观点论述与个人亲身经历。语气真诚富有感染力,阐述观点用一般现在时,讲述经历用一般过去时。
[基本框架]
开头:礼貌问候听众,引出音乐这一主题
主体:分点阐述音乐的作用,并结合自身经历举例说明
结尾:总结音乐的价值,升华主题,发出呼吁并致谢
[常用词块]
relieve stress and anxiety 缓解压力与焦虑
cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来
lift one's spirits 振奋心情
express feelings 抒发情感
get through hard times 渡过难关
the power of music 音乐的力量
different kinds of music 不同类型的音乐
full of energy 充满活力
[常用语句]
★ 精彩开头
Good morning, everyone! Today I would like to share the power of music with you.
Music is an important part of our daily life and it can greatly change our moods.
Almost everyone loves music, for it has magical power to influence our life.
Have you ever noticed how music changes our feelings and attitudes towards life?
★ 正文佳句
Soft music can calm us down when we feel stressed.
Inspiring music gives us courage to face difficulties.
Music can relieve our anxiety and relax our tired mind after long-time study.
Positive music encourages us to stick to our goals and never give up.
Music enables us to express inner feelings that we cannot put into words.
★ 余味结尾
Music brings us joy, courage and warmth to move forward.
Let music light up our life every day.
Music is the best companion that enriches our spiritual world.
Let's embrace music and make our life more colorful.
请以 “音乐改变生活” 为主题,写一篇英语演讲稿。
Music Changes Our Life
Good morning, dear teachers and classmates!
Today I'm going to talk about how music changes our life. Music is everywhere in our daily life, and it plays an important role in our feelings and moods.
Firstly, music can help us deal with negative feelings. When we feel stressed or upset, soft music can calm us down and relieve anxiety. Secondly, music gives us strength. When I felt tired and wanted to give up my study, encouraging songs cheered me up and pushed me to keep going. What's more, music is a special language. It helps us share feelings and brings people closer together.
Music is a precious treasure in our life. It warms our heart and brightens our days. Let music accompany us and make our life more wonderful.Thank you!
一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.We must (保护) our valuable cultural heritage from being damaged.
2.A large number of ancient buildings were (摧毁) in the big fire years ago.
3.Scientists have made great (贡献) to the protection of wild animals.
4.We must take action to (阻止) wild animals from illegal hunting.
5.This ancient palace is one of the most famous tourist (景点) in China.
6.With the Internet, we can easily (获取) plenty of useful information.
7.It is impolite to (侵犯) others' personal privacy on the Internet.
8.Every nation has its own special customs and (传统).
9.She has a deep (热爱) for folk music and often sings songs in her free time.
10.This popular song was (创作;作曲) by a young musician last year.
11.The (生存) of these rare birds depends on our joint efforts.
12.The local government will (出台;推行) a new plan to protect old streets.
13.Many volunteers work hard to (修复) the damaged cultural relics.
14.The cold weather greatly (影响) the growth of plants in the area.
15.We should raise people's (意识) of protecting the environment.
16.The two countries reached an (协议) on cultural communication.
17.It is our duty to keep the balance of (大自然).
18.The singer gave a wonderful (表演) on the stage last night.
19.People from different (地区) get along well in this big city.
20.This kind of plant can only (存活) in warm and wet places.。。。。。。
二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2025 年全国一卷) But it's (amaze) how you can adapt and learn in a new environment.
2.(2024・全国新高考 I 卷) But (equal) important is the mental aspect.
3.(2025 浙江首考卷) Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive (solve) to one-time event dressing.
4.(2025 年全国二卷) Last month, you kindly agreed to write an article about sports in Canada, and we're all looking forward to (read) it.
5.(2024 年全国甲卷) Flowers are everywhere—hanging baskets, window boxes, and planters—just what you imagine in an (attract) English market town.
6.(2025・山东新高考) The ancient temple (repair) by workers at present to protect it from further damage.
7.(2024 年江苏高考模拟) So far, many new websites (build) to help people access information easily.
8.(2025 年河北质检卷) We are deeply (move) by the story of the musician who devoted his life to music.
9.(2024・全国乙卷) The (survive) of endangered animals is closely connected with human activities.
10.(2025 浙江高考模拟) The old man (seat) by the window is a famous folk musician.
11.(2024・广东新高考) The Internet has greatly changed the way people (communicate) with each other.
12.(2025・湖南联考卷) (encourage) by his teacher, he decided to continue learning traditional music.
13.(2024 年四川高考真题) I had my old bike (fix) yesterday so that I could go to school on time.
14.(2025・全国新高考 II 卷) She felt (disappoint) when she found out the concert was cancelled.
15.(2024・北京高考模拟) All the broken windows (replace) in the school since last week.
16.(2025・天津质检卷) Children who are (interest) in wildlife will love this documentary.
17.(2024 年全国卷改编) (see) from the mountain top, the ancient town looks very beautiful.
18.(2025・重庆联考卷) We found the room (clean) when we came back from the trip.
19.(2024・安徽高考真题) The cultural relics (damage) by the flood have been restored now.
20.(2025・江西模拟卷) He is (tire) of playing online games all day long.
三、完成句子。
1.这座古城作为文化遗产一直被妥善保护。
The ancient town well as cultural heritage.
2.我们应该齐心协力保护野生动物。
We should to protect wild animals.
3.如今许多人依靠互联网获取日常资讯。
Nowadays, many people the Internet for daily news.
4.他喜欢了解不同国家的历史与传统。
He enjoys learning about history and of different countries.
5.这首动听的音乐打动了现场所有人。
The beautiful music who were present.
6.到目前为止,我们已经为保护动物做出了巨大贡献。
So far, we great protecting animals.
7.我们必须采取措施阻止人们破坏古迹。
We must take measures to people ancient relics.
8.多亏了志愿者,这些受损文物得到了修复。
the volunteers, the damaged relics have been restored.
9.我昨天请人修理了我的旧电脑。
I my old computer yesterday.
10.从山顶望去,森林看起来一望无际。
the top of the hill, the forest looks endless.
11.他全身心投入到传统音乐的传承之中。
He devotes himself to traditional music.
12.网络已经极大地改变了人们的生活方式。
The Internet people’s way of life greatly.
13.人们逐渐意识到保护自然的重要性。
People have realized the importance of gradually.
14.这座古老的建筑现在正在被工人们重建。
This old building by workers now.
15.面对困难,我们绝不放弃。
difficulties, we will never give up.
16.这个小镇因众多传统风俗而闻名。
This small town many traditional customs.
17.她对唱歌充满热情,梦想成为一名歌手。
She singing and dreams of being a singer.
18.我们发现房间已经被打扫干净了。
We found the room .
19.许多珍稀植物在过去几年里得到了很好的保护。
Many rare plants well in the past few years.
20.网上的个人信息安全应当被重视。
The personal information online should be paid attention to.
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