专题01 必修第一册 单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末复习知识清单）高一英语下学期人教版

专题01 必修第一册 单元词汇短语句型梳理 Welcome Unit 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公2 / 63 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.exchange n. ；vt. 2.lecture n. ；vi. vt. 3.register v. 4.registration n. 5. nationality n. 6. nation n. 7.design adj. 8.formal adj. 9. anxious adj. 10. annoyed adj. 11. annoy vt. 12.frightened adj. 13.senior adj. ；n. 14.impression n. 15.impress vt. ；vi. 16.concentrate vi. & vt. 17. experiment n. 18. awkward adj. 19. junior adj. ；n. 20.explore vt. & vi. 21. confident adj. 22. organise (NAmE -ize) vt. ；vi. 23. strategy n. 24. improve vi. & vt. 25. curious adj. 26. company n. 27. personality n. 28. revise vt. & vi. 二、单词拓展 1. vt. & vi. 交换；交流；交易 → adj. 可交换的；可兑换的 2. n. 讲座；讲课；教训 vt. & vi. 开讲座；讲课；训斥 → n. 演讲者；讲师；讲课者 3. vt. & vi. 登记；注册 → n. 登记；注册；挂号 → adj. 已注册的 4. n. 性别 → adj. 性的；性别的 5. n. 国家；民族；国民 → adj. 国家的；民族的；全国性的 → n. 国籍；民族；族群 → n. 民族主义；国家主义 6. n. 设计；设计方案 vt. 设计；筹划 → n. 设计者；设计师 7. adj. 正式的；正规的 → adv. 正式地；正规地→ adj. 非正式的；不拘礼节的 → adv. 非正式地；不拘礼节地 8.※ adj. 焦虑的；不安的；渴望的 → n. 焦虑；担心；渴望 → adv. 焦虑地；不安地；急切地 9. vt. 使恼怒；打扰 → adj. 恼怒的；生气的（修饰人）→ adj. 令人恼怒的；讨厌的（修饰事物） → n. 恼怒；烦恼；烦扰的事 10. vt. 使惊吓；使惊恐 → adj. 受惊的；害怕的（修饰人）→ adj. 令人恐惧的；可怕的（修饰事物）→ n. 惊吓；恐怖；可怕的东西 11.※ vt. 使钦佩；给…… 留下深刻的好印象；使意识到 → n. 印象；感想；印记 → adj. 令人赞叹的；给人深刻印象的 → 12.※ vi. & vt. 集中（注意力）；聚精会神 → n. 专心；专注；集中 → adj. 集中的；浓缩的；全神贯注的 13. adj. 自信的；有把握的 → n. 信心；信任；把握 → adv. 自信地 14. vt. & vi. 探索；勘探；考察 → n. 探索；勘探；考察 → n. 探险家；勘探者；探测器 → adj. 探索性的；考察的 15. vt. 组织；筹备；安排 vi. 组建；成立 → adj. 有组织的；有条理的；安排有序的 → n. 组织；团体；机构 → n. 组织者；筹备者；主办单位 16. n. 策略；策划；战略 → adj. 战略的；策略性的；关键的 → adv. 战略上；策略上；关键地 17.※ vi. & vt. 改进；改善；提高 → n. 改进；改善；提高 → adj. 改进的；改良的；提高的 18.※ adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的；奇特的→ n. 好奇心；求知欲；奇物→ adv. 好奇地；奇怪地；不寻常地 19. n. 公司；商行；陪伴→ n. 同伴；伙伴→ n. 友谊；陪伴 20. n. 性格；个性→ adj. 个人的；私人的→ adv. 就个人而言；亲自 → n. 人 21. n. 方式；作风；风格→ adj. 时髦的；流行的→ n. 造型师；设计师 22. vt. & vi. 修改；修订；复习→ n. 修订；复习；修改本→ vt. & n. 复习；回顾；评论 三、常考单词 1.impress vt. 使钦佩；给…… 留下深刻的好印象 背重点 背写作佳句 1) impress sb. with sth. 用某事给某人留下深刻印象 2) be impressed by/with 对…… 印象深刻 3) impression n. 印象；感想 4) impressive adj. 令人赞叹的；给人深刻印象的 make/leave a good impression on sb. 给某人留下好印象 the first impression 第一印象 ① I was deeply impressed by the school's beautiful campus and friendly teachers.（自我介绍 / 申请信）我对学校美丽的校园和友好的老师印象深刻。 ② The impressive opening ceremony left a lasting impression on every student.（读后续写 / 记叙文）令人赞叹的开学典礼给每位学生都留下了持久的印象。 2.concentrate vi. & vt. 集中（注意力）；聚精会神 背重点 背写作佳句 1) concentrate on (doing) sth. 集中注意力于（做）某事 2) concentration n. 专心；专注 3) concentrated adj. 集中的；浓缩的；全神贯注的 ① To improve my study efficiency, I learned to concentrate fully on my homework.为了提高学习效率，我学会了全神贯注地写作业。 ② Concentrating on his book, the boy didn't notice the teacher come in.男孩全神贯注地看书，没注意到老师进来了。 3.confident adj. 自信的；有把握的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be confident about/of sth. 对某事有信心2) confidence n. 信心；信任 3) confidently adv. 自信地 固定搭配： build up confidence 建立自信 lose confidence 失去信心 ① With the teacher's encouragement, I became more confident in speaking English.（自我介绍 / 记叙文）在老师的鼓励下，我对说英语变得更自信了。 ② She walked to the stage confidently, ready to give her speech.（读后续写 / 场景描写）她自信地走向舞台，准备发表演讲。 4.improve vi. & vt. 改进；改善；提高 背重点 背写作佳句 1) improvement n. 改进；改善 2) improve on/upon 对…… 做出改进 3) improve oneself 提升自己 ① To improve my English, I keep a diary and read aloud every morning.为了提高英语，我每天写日记并大声朗读。 ② With the teacher's help, his math grades improved greatly in a month.（记叙文 / 成长故事）在老师的帮助下，他的数学成绩一个月内大幅提高。 5.anxious adj. 焦虑的；不安的；渴望的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) anxiety n. 焦虑；担心 2) anxiously adv. 焦虑地；急切地 3) be anxious about/for 为…… 担忧 4) be anxious to do 渴望做某事 ①I felt anxious about my first day of high school, but everyone was so friendly.我对高中第一天感到焦虑但每个人都很友好。 ② The boy waited anxiously outside the classroom for his exam results.男孩在教室外焦急地等待考试结果。 6.annoy vt. 使恼怒；打扰 背重点 背写作佳句 1) annoyed adj. 恼怒的；生气的（修饰人）2) annoying adj. 令人恼怒的；讨厌的 3) be annoyed with sb. (at/by sth.) 对某人 / 某事生气 ①I was annoyed with myself for forgetting my textbook on the first day.第一天忘了带课本，我对自己很生气。 ②The annoying noise outside kept me awake all night.外面恼人的噪音让我一整晚都没睡着。 7.organise vt. 组织；筹备；安排 背重点 背写作佳句 1) organised adj. 有组织的；有条理的 2) organisation n. 组织；机构 3) organise a meeting/activity 组织会议 / 活动 ①I helped organise the welcome party for new students, which was a great success.我帮忙组织了新生欢迎派对，活动非常成功。 ②The teacher organised the students into groups for the project.老师把学生分成小组来完成项目 8.explore vt. & vi. 探索；勘探；考察 背重点 背写作佳句 1) exploration n. 探索；勘探 2) explorer n. 探险家；探索者 3) explore new ideas/opportunities 探索新想法 / 机会 ①High school is a great time to explore different subjects and find your interests.高中是探索不同学科、找到自己兴趣的好时机。 ②Curious about the old building, the two boys decided to explore it.出于对旧建筑的好奇，两个男孩决定去探索一番。 9.curious adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲 2) curiously adv. 好奇地；奇怪地 3) be curious about 对…… 好奇 ① Curious about everything around me, I asked my teacher many questions in the first week.（记叙文 / 校园生活）第一周我对周围的一切都充满好奇，向老师问了很多问题。 ② The little boy looked curiously at the strange box on the desk.（读后续写 / 动作描写）小男孩好奇地看着桌上那个奇怪的盒子。 10.revise vt. & vi. 修改；修订；复习 背重点 背写作佳句 1) revision n. 修订；复习；修改本 2) revise for exams 为考试复习 3) revise a plan/essay 修改计划 / 文章 ① I need to revise my notes carefully before the final exam.（学习计划 / 倡议书）期末考试前我需要认真复习笔记。 ② After getting the teacher's feedback, she revised her speech again and again.（记叙文 / 成长故事）收到老师的反馈后，她一遍又一遍地修改演讲稿。 11. personality n. 性格；个性 背重点 背写作佳句 1) personal adj. 个人的；私人的 2) personally adv. 就个人而言；亲自 3) develop one's personality 培养个性 ① I believe a positive personality helps us get along well with others.（议论文 / 观点表达）我相信积极的性格能帮助我们和他人友好相处。 ② The teacher encouraged us to show our true personalities in class.（记叙文 / 校园生活）老师鼓励我们在课堂上展现真实的个性。 12.company n. 公司；商行；陪伴 背重点 背写作佳句 1) companion n. 同伴；伙伴 2) companionship n. 友谊；陪伴 3) keep sb. company 陪伴某人 ① My deskmate kept me company when I felt lonely on the first day.（记叙文 / 校园生活） 第一天我感到孤独时，同桌一直陪着我。 ② The dog became her constant companion after she moved to the city.（读后续写 / 情感描写） 搬到城里后，这只狗成了她忠实的伙伴。 13.register vt. & vi. 登记；注册 背重点 背写作佳句 1) registration n. 登记；注册；挂号 2) register for a course 注册课程 3) register at the school 在学校报到 ① I registered for the school's English club as soon as the semester began.（记叙文 / 校园生活） 学期一开始，我就注册了学校的英语俱乐部。 ② The registration process for new students was simple and efficient.（介绍学校 / 说明文） 新生注册流程简单又高效。 14.revise vt. & vi. 修改；修订；复习 背重点 背写作佳句 1) revision n. 修订；复习；修改本 2) revise for exams 为考试复习 3) revise a plan/essay 修改计划 / 文章 ① I need to revise my notes carefully before the final exam.（学习计划 / 倡议书）期末考试前我需要认真复习笔记。 ② After getting the teacher's feedback, she revised her speech again and again.（记叙文 / 成长故事）收到老师的反馈后，她一遍又一遍地修改演讲稿。 15. frighten vt. 使惊吓；使惊恐 背重点 背写作佳句 1) frightened adj. 受惊的；害怕的（修饰人）2) frightening adj. 令人恐惧的；可怕的（修饰事物） 3) be frightened of 害怕…… ① I was frightened by the loud thunder during the storm.（记叙文 / 情绪描写） 暴风雨时，巨大的雷声吓到了我。 ② The frightening sound made the children hide behind their mother.（读后续写 / 场景描写） 那个可怕的声音让孩子们躲到了妈妈身后。 16.exchange vt. & vi. 交换；交流 n. 交换；交流 背重点 背写作佳句 1) exchange A for B 把 A 换成 B 2) exchange ideas/information 交流想法 / 信息 3) in exchange for 作为交换 ① We students often exchange learning methods to improve together.（学习生活） 我们学生经常交流学习方法，共同进步。 ② I exchanged my old book with him for a new pen.（日常活动）我用旧书和他换了一支新钢笔。 17.nation n. 国家；民族 背重点 背写作佳句 1) national adj. 国家的；民族的 2) nationality n. 国籍 3) national flag 国旗 4) international adj. 国际的 ① We are proud of our nation's rapid development.（价值观 / 爱国）我们为国家的快速发展感到自豪。 ② All the students come from different nationalities.（校园介绍）所有学生来自不同国籍。 18.design vt. 设计；筹划 n. 设计 背重点 背写作佳句 1) designer n. 设计者；设计师 2) be designed for 为…… 而设计 3) be designed to do 旨在做；目的是 ① The school library is designed for students' reading and study.（校园介绍） 学校图书馆是为学生阅读和学习设计的。 ② This course is designed to improve our basic skills.（学习介绍）这门课旨在提高我们的基本技能。 四．单元短语 1. 终于；最终 2. 留下好印象 3. 集中精力于 4. 不打扰；不惊动 5. 盼望；期待 6. 记笔记 7. 要是....会怎么样呢 8. 教学卡片；识字卡 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：what if 引导的假设句 【教材】What if no one talks to me? 要是没人和我说话怎么办？ 2. 句式：find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 【教材】I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. 我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好、乐于助人。 3. 句式：more…than…比较级结构 【教材】I feel much more confident than I felt this morning. 我现在比早上感觉自信多了。 4. 句式：动名词短语作主语 【教材】Dancing and skating are my hobbies, and I also like to read short stories. 跳舞和滑冰是我的爱好，我也喜欢读短篇故事。 5. 句式：never…without…双重否定结构 【教材】You'll never see me without a book or a pen. 你永远看不到我手里没有书或笔的样子。 6. 句式：不定式作表语 【教材】My dream is to start my own IT company. 我的梦想是创办自己的 IT 公司。 六．单元语法 英语五大基本句型（Basic Sentence Structures） 一、语法概述 英语所有句子都由五大基本句型构成，复杂长句也是在这五种基础上叠加定语、状语、从句演变而来。 句子成分缩写。 二、五大句型 句型分类 核心说明 典型例句 主谓 谓语动词为不及物动词，后面不能直接接宾语，可搭配状语 1. The sun rises.（太阳升起） 2. They laughed loudly.（他们大声欢笑） 主系表 系动词连接主语和表语，表语描述主语身份、特征、状态 1. She is a nurse.（她是一名护士） 2. The flower smells sweet.（这花闻起来很香） 主谓宾 谓语动词为及物动词，后接动作的承受对象（宾语） 1. We learn English.（我们学习英语） 2. He loves music.（他热爱音乐） 主谓双宾 间接宾语多为人，直接宾语多为物；可转换为 S+Vt+DO+to/for+IO 1. Mom gave me a gift.（妈妈送了我一份礼物） 2. She bought him a book.（她给他买了一本书） 主谓宾补 补足语用来补充说明宾语的状态、动作或身份 1. We keep the room clean.（我们保持房间整洁） 2. I found the game interesting.（我觉得这个游戏很有趣） 重点考点：使役动词 make/let/ have + 宾语 + 省 to 不定式 He made me laugh. （主动语态省 to） I was made to laugh. （被动语态必须加 to） 三、难点突破 ①不及物动词（happen, arrive, appear）不能接宾语，无被动； ②系动词后接形容词，不用副词； ③双宾结构注意 to/for 的固定搭配； ④使役动词主动省 to，被动加 to，高频考点。 七．单元写作 个人简介 介绍个人基本信息、性格、兴趣爱好与人生目标，用于课堂自我介绍、校园档案写作作文。 时态应以现在时为主，人称以第一人称为主。 [基本框架] 开头：问候+简单自我介绍 主体：介绍性格特点、兴趣爱好与日常习惯 结尾：表达交友意愿与对高中生活的期待 [常用词块] 1. easy-going and outgoing 随和开朗 2. develop one's hobbies 培养爱好 3. devote spare time to 把业余时间投入到…… 4. broaden one's horizons 开阔眼界 5. have a passion for 酷爱…… 6. look forward to doing sth 期待做某事 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1. I'm delighted to stand here and introduce myself to all of you. 2. It's my great pleasure to be a member of this new class. 3. Hello everyone! I feel honored to have the chance to introduce myself. 4. As a new member of the class, I'd like to tell you something about myself. 5. Entering senior high school, I feel extremely excited to meet all my new classmates. 6. It is a great privilege for me to join this big new family. ★正文佳句 1. I have a wide range of hobbies which enrich my daily life. 2. Reading not only brings me joy but also helps me gain knowledge. 3. I am warm-hearted and always ready to give a hand to people in need. 4. Sports keep me energetic and help me relax after busy study. 5. I stick to my hobbies in my free time, which makes my life colorful. 6. Being an active teenager, I take part in various after-school activities. 7. What makes me special is my positive attitude towards life. 8. I hold the belief that hobbies can shape a better version of myself. 9. Constant reading enables me to think independently and broaden my horizons. 10. I am willing to challenge myself and explore more possibilities in high school. ★余味结尾 1. I sincerely hope we can get along well and make progress together. 2. I'm eager to make new friends and enjoy the coming senior high school life. 3. I believe we will become good friends and create wonderful memories here. 4. I'm looking forward to sharing the next three years with all of you. 5. With joint efforts, we are bound to have a fruitful high school life. 6. I hope we can support each other and grow together in the days ahead. 假设你是高一新生，英语老师要求你写一篇英文自我介绍，向全班同学介绍自己的性格、爱好以及未来的理想。词数100词左右。 Hello everyone!I'm glad to introduce myself here. My name is Li Hua. I am an easy-going and outgoing boy who is always ready to help others. In my spare time, I have a passion for dancing and skating. Besides, I devote most of my free time to reading, because good books can broaden my horizons. My biggest dream is to run my own IT company in the future. I feel really excited to start my senior high school journey. I hope we can get along well and make progress side by side. Thank you! Unit 1 Teenage Life 一、核心单词 1.teenage adj. 2.teenager n. 3.volunteer n. v. 4.debate n. ；vi. & vt. 5.prefer vt. 6.content n. ；adj. 7.suitable adj. 8.actually adv. 9.challenge n. ；vt. 10.confuse vt. 11.fluent adj. 12.graduate vi. & vt. ；n. 13.recommend vt. 14.advance n. ；vi. ；vt. 15.literature n. 16.extra adj. 17.obviously adv. 18.quit vi. & vt. 19.responsible adj. 20.responsibility n. 21.schedule n. ；vt. 22.editor n. 23.adventure n. 24.survival n. 25.expert n. ；adj. 26.behaviour n. 27.generation n. 28.attract vt. 29.focus vi. & vt. n. 30.addicted adj. 31.addict n. 32.adult n. adj. 二、单词拓展 1. adj. 十几岁的；青少年的 → n. 青少年 2. n. 志愿者；v. 自愿做 → adj. 自愿的；志愿的 3. v./n. 辩论；争论 → adj. 可争辩的；有争议的 4. vt. 较喜欢 → n. 偏爱；偏好 → adj. 更可取的 5. adj. 满意的；满足的 → adj. 心满意足的 6. v. 移动 → n. 运动；活动 → adj. 动人的；令人感动的 7. v. 适合 → adj. 合适的；适用的 → adj. 不合适的 8. adj. 实际的 → adv. 事实上；的确 9. n./v. 挑战 → adj. 挑战性的；考验能力的 → n. 挑战者 10. vt. 使糊涂；使迷惑 → adj. 令人困惑的（修饰事物） → adj. 感到困惑的（修饰人） → n. 困惑；混乱 11. adj. 流利的；熟练的 → adv. 流利地 → n. 流利；流畅 12. v. 毕业；获得学位 → n. 毕业 → n. 毕业生 13. vt. 建议；推荐 → n. 推荐；建议 14. n./v. 前进；发展 → adj. 高级的；先进的 → n. 进步；发展 15. n. 文学；文学作品 → adj. 文学的；文学上的 → adj. 有读写能力的16. adj. 明显的 → adv. 显然；明显地 17. n. 责任；义务 → adj. 负责的；有责任的 → adj. 不负责任的 18. v. 解决 → n. 解决办法；答案 19. n./v. 计划；安排 → adj. 预定的；排定的 20. vt. 吸引；引起注意 → adj. 有吸引力的；诱人的 → n. 吸引力；景点 21. v./n. 集中；焦点 → adj. 专注的 22. n. 入迷的人；v. 使上瘾 → adj. 上瘾的；入迷的 → adj. 使人上瘾的 → n. 上瘾；沉溺 23. n. 成年人 → n. 成年；成年期 24. v. 行动；行为 → n. 行为；行动 → adj. 活跃的；积极的 → n. 活动 25. v. 生存；幸存 → n. 生存；幸存 → n. 幸存者 26. n. 专家；行家 → n. 专业知识 三、常考单词 1.prefer vt. 更喜欢 背重点 背写作佳句 1) prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 2) prefer doing A to doing B 比起做 B 更喜欢做 A 3) preference n. 偏爱；偏好 ①I prefer reading books to playing computer games in my spare time.比起玩电脑游戏，我更喜欢在空闲时间看书。 ②She prefers to walk rather than take the bus to school.（生活习惯 / 记叙文）她宁愿走路也不愿坐公交车上学。 2.suitable adj. 合适的；适用的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be suitable for 适合…… 2) be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事 3) suit v. 适合；使满意 ①This course is suitable for students who want to improve their spoken English.（课程介绍 / 申请信） 这门课适合想提高英语口语的学生。 ②The job is not suitable for him because he has no patience. 这份工作不适合他，因为他没有耐心。 3.challenge n. & vt. 挑战；质疑 背重点 背写作佳句 1) challenging adj. 有挑战性的 2) face/meet a challenge 面对挑战 3) take on a challenge 接受挑战 ① Starting high school is a new challenge, but I am ready for it.（自我介绍 / 议论文） 升入高中是一个新挑战，但我已经准备好了。 ② The challenging task pushed us to work together and find a solution.（读后续写 / 团队合作） 这个富有挑战性的任务促使我们一起努力，找到了解决方案。 4.confuse vt. 使糊涂；使迷惑 背重点 背写作佳句 1) confused adj. 糊涂的；迷惑的（修饰人） 2) confusing adj. 令人困惑的；难懂的（修饰事物） 3) confusion n. 困惑；混乱 ①I felt confused about the new rules at first, but the teacher explained them clearly.（记叙文 / 校园生活）一开始我对新规则感到困惑，但老师解释得很清楚。 ②The confusing problem took me a long time to work out.（学习场景 / 记叙文）这个令人困惑的问题花了我很长时间才解决。 5.fluent adj. 流利的；熟练的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) fluently adv. 流利地；流畅地 2) fluency n. 流利；流畅 3) speak fluent English 说流利的英语 ①I hope to speak English fluently by the end of high school.（学习计划 / 目标表达） 我希望到高中毕业时能说一口流利的英语。 ②The student spoke so fluently that everyone was impressed.（记叙文 / 场景描写） 那个学生说得非常流利，给所有人都留下了深刻印象。 6.graduate vi. & vt. 毕业；获得学位 背重点 背写作佳句 1) graduate from 从…… 毕业 2) graduation n. 毕业；毕业典礼 3) graduate student 研究生 ①My sister will graduate from university next year and start her dream job.（记叙文 / 家庭生活） 我姐姐明年就要大学毕业了，将开始她理想的工作。 ②After graduation, he decided to travel around the country.（记叙文 / 成长故事）毕业后，他决定环游全国。 7.recommend vt. 建议；推荐；介绍 背重点 背写作佳句 1) recommend sb. sth. = recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物 2) recommend doing sth. 建议做某事 3) recommend that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事（虚拟语气） ①The teacher recommended us to read more English novels to improve our reading skills.（学习建议 / 倡议书） 老师建议我们多读英文小说来提高阅读能力。 ②I would highly recommend this book to anyone who loves history.（推荐类作文 / 议论文） 我强烈推荐这本书给所有喜欢历史的人。 8.advanced adj. 高级的；高等的；先进的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) advance v. 前进；发展；促进 n. 进步；进展 2) in advance 提前；预先 3) advanced technology 先进技术 ①The school offers advanced courses to help students prepare for college.（申请信 / 介绍学校） 学校提供高级课程，帮助学生为大学做准备。 ②We booked the tickets in advance to avoid the last-minute rush.（记叙文 / 计划描写） 我们提前订了票，避免了临时的匆忙。 9.focus vi. & vt. 集中（注意力、精力等）；（使）调节焦距 n. 中心；重点；焦点 背重点 背写作佳句 1) focus on (doing) sth. 集中注意力于（做）某事 2) focus one's attention on 把注意力集中在…… 上 ① To pass the exam, I need to focus more on my weak subjects.（学习计划 / 倡议书） 为了通过考试，我需要更多地关注我的薄弱科目。 ② She focused on the book, ignoring the noise around her.（读后续写 / 动作细节） 她全神贯注地看书，无视周围的噪音。 10.attract vt. 吸引；引起…… 的注意（或兴趣） 背重点 背写作佳句 1) attraction n. 吸引力；吸引人的事物 2) attractive adj. 有吸引力的；迷人的 3) be attracted to 喜爱 ① The beautiful campus attracted many students to apply for the school.（申请信 / 介绍学校） 美丽的校园吸引了许多学生申请这所学校。 ② I was attracted to the painting the moment I saw it.（记叙文 / 兴趣爱好） 我一看到那幅画就被它吸引了。 11. quit vi. & vt. 离开（工作职位、学校等）；停止；戒掉 背重点 背写作佳句 1) quit doing sth. 停止做某事 2) quit school 辍学 3) quit smoking 戒烟 ① He decided to quit playing games and focus on his studies.（成长故事 / 记叙文） 他决定戒掉游戏，专心学习。 ② It is difficult to quit smoking, but many people succeed with strong willpower.（议论文 / 健康话题） 戒烟很难，但很多人凭借坚强的意志成功了。 12.responsible adj. 有责任的；负责的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be responsible for 对…… 负责 2) responsibility n. 责任；义务 3) take responsibility for 承担……的责任 ① As a monitor, I am responsible for organizing class activities.（自我介绍 / 申请信） 作为班长，我负责组织班级活动。 ② Parents should teach their children to take responsibility for their actions.（议论文 / 观点表达） 父母应该教育孩子为自己的行为负责。 13.schedule n. 工作计划；日程安排 vt. 安排；预定 背重点 背写作佳句 1) on schedule 按预定时间；准时 2) ahead of schedule 提前 3) be scheduled to do sth. 预定做某事 ① I make a daily schedule to balance my study and hobbies.（学习计划 / 倡议书） 我制定了每日计划来平衡学习和爱好。 ② The meeting is scheduled to start at 3 o'clock this afternoon.（通知 / 说明文） 会议定于今天下午 3 点开始。 14.editor n. 主编；编辑；编者 背重点 背写作佳句 1) edit vt. 编辑；校订 2) edition n. 版本；版次 3) chief editor 主编 ① I want to become an editor for the school newspaper in the future.（自我介绍 / 目标表达） 我将来想成为校报的编辑。 ② The editor made some changes to the article before it was published.（记叙文 / 场景描写） 文章发表前，编辑对它做了一些修改。 15. survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；幸免于难 背重点 背写作佳句 1) survival n. 生存；幸存 2) survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 3) survive on 靠…… 生存 ① It is amazing that the small plant can survive in such dry conditions.（说明文 / 科普话题） 这种小植物能在如此干燥的环境中生存，真是令人惊叹。 ② He was the only one who survived the terrible car accident.（读后续写 / 记叙文） 他是那场可怕车祸中唯一的幸存者。 16.debate n. & vi. & vt. 辩论；争论 背重点 背写作佳句 1) debate with sb. about/on sth. 和某人就某事辩论 2) hold a debate 举行辩论 3) open to debate 有待讨论 ① We will hold a class debate about whether students should use smartphones.（校园活动 / 记叙文） 我们将举行一场关于学生是否应该使用智能手机的班级辩论。 ② They debated for hours but still couldn't reach an agreement.（记叙文 / 场景描写） 他们争论了几个小时，但仍未能达成一致。 四．单元短语 学科网（北京）股份有限公17 / 63 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 比起…… 更喜欢……终于；最终 2. 适合…… 3. 报名（参加课程） 4. 对…… 负责 5. 被…… 吸引；喜爱 6. 集中（注意力、精力等）于；特别关注 7. 对…… 很入迷；沉迷于 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：动名词作主语 【教材】Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge. 从初中到高中是一项真正的巨大挑战。 2. 句式：which 引导宾语从句 【教材】First, I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take. 首先，我必须非常认真地考虑我想选哪些课程。 3. 句式：recommend that… (should)… 虚拟语气结构 【教材】My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I'm good at it. 我的指导老师建议我报名高级文学课，因为我喜欢英语而且擅长它。 4. 句式：so that 引导目的状语从句 【教材】I'll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year. 我会自己想办法提高，这样明年就能进队了。 5. 句式：It is + adj. + for sb to do sth句型 【教材】It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world. 你们这一代青少年被电脑游戏和网络世界吸引并不罕见。 6. 句式：动名词作主语 + makes it + adj. + to do sth 结构 【教材】But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. 但花太多时间上网是不健康的，也会让你很难专注于生活中的其他事情。 六．单元语法 名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语 一、语法概述 短语是由多个单词构成、在句中充当单一句子成分的语言单位。本单元重点三大短语：名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语，是长句写作、阅读理解拆分句子的基础。 二、名词短语 Noun Phrase 定义：以名词为中心词，前后加修饰词构成的短语，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。 完整构成公式 限定词 + 描绘形容词 + 特征形容词 + 名词 + 后置定语 限定词：a/an/the, my, your, this, that, some, many 后置定语：介词短语、分词、定语从句 结构拆解 & 例句 a beautiful young girl （冠词 + 形容词 + 名词） the book on the desk （冠词 + 名词 + 介词短语作后置定语） 句子成分应用 作主语：The tall boy is my deskmate. 作宾语：I like colorful flowers. 考点：名词短语单复数、主谓一致。 三、形容词短语 Adjective Phrase 定义：以形容词为中心，前面可加程度副词修饰，整体作定语、表语、宾补。 基本结构：程度副词 + 形容词 常用程度副词：very, quite, so, too, extremely, really 用法分类 1）作表语（放在系动词后） She is very happy. The movie is so moving. 2）作定语（修饰名词，前置） an extremely difficult problem 一道极难的题 3）作宾语补足语 We found the room quite quiet. 拓展：形容词 + 介词 构成固定形容词短语 be afraid of 害怕；be proud of 自豪；be busy with 忙于 四、副词短语 Adverb Phrase 定义：以副词为中心，加修饰词构成，在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、整句话。 结构：程度副词 + 副词 功能与例句 1）修饰动词（动作方式、时间、地点） He runs very fast. She speaks English clearly. 2）修饰形容词 / 另一副词 She is much taller than me. 3）修饰整个句子（评论、态度） Luckily, we caught the bus. 常见副词短语 again and again 反复地；now and then 偶尔；here and there 到处 七．单元写作 建议信 针对高中生活适应、选课、时间管理、网络使用等问题，书写建议信 [基本框架] 1. 开头：获悉对方困扰，表达理解并引出写信目的 2. 主体：分条给出针对性建议，辅以理由 3. 结尾：表达祝愿，鼓励对方积极面对 [常用词块] 1. adapt to senior high school life 适应高中生活 2. sign up for courses 报名选课 3. balance study and relaxation 劳逸结合 4. concentrate on 专注于 5. stay away from 远离 6. make adjustments 做出调整 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1. I'm sorry to hear that you are having difficulty adapting to your new school life. 2. Knowing you are troubled by high school study, I'd like to offer some practical advice. 3. Learning that you feel stressed recently, I'm writing to give you some useful suggestions. 4. I totally understand your trouble, so here are my tips for you. 5. It is common for new students to feel puzzled when entering a new environment. 6. Faced with new challenges, you are not alone and I am always here to support you. ★正文佳句（基础+高阶） 1. You should think carefully before choosing courses and pick ones that suit your strengths. 2. It is wise to arrange your time properly and avoid spending too much time online. 3. Taking part in after-school activities can help you relax and make more friends. 4. Making a daily plan is an effective way to manage your study well. 5. Don't be too anxious. It takes time to get used to a totally new environment. 6. As the teacher advised, choose courses based on your interest and advantages. 7. Only by balancing study and rest can you improve your learning efficiency. 8. It is highly recommended that you set clear goals for your high school study. 9. Reducing screen time allows you to focus more on your academic tasks. 10. Active communication with teachers and classmates will help you fit in faster. ★余味结尾 1. I believe you will soon get used to the new life as long as you keep trying. 2. Wish you every success in your study and daily life. 3. If you meet with other problems, feel free to turn to me for help. 4. Stay positive and I'm convinced that you will solve all the problems. 5. I hold the firm belief that you will embrace a wonderful high school life. 6. May you overcome all difficulties and make steady progress in the future. 你的好友Jack升入高中后难以适应新环境，面临选课纠结、学习压力大、沉迷网络等问题。请你给他写一封建议信，提出合理建议并给予鼓励。词数100词左右。 Dear Jack, I'm sorry to hear that you have trouble adapting to senior high school life. Here are some useful suggestions for you. First of all, think carefully and sign up for courses that match your interests and strengths. Secondly, make a reasonable daily plan to balance study and relaxation. What's more, do not get addicted to online games, which will affect your study and concentration. I hope my advice can be of great help to you. Keep positive and you will get through the hard time soon. Yours, Li Hua Unit 2 Travelling Around 一、核心单词 1.apply vi. & vt. 2.rent vt. vi. n. 3.pack vi. & vt. （ ）；装；n. （商品的）纸包；纸袋；大包 4.amazing adj. 5.arrange vt. vi. 6.extremely adv. 7.source n. 8.narrow adj. vt. & vi. 9.flat adj. n. 10.powerful adj. 11.site n. 12.official adj. n. 13.recognise vt. 14.accommodation n. 15.unique adj. 16.destination n. 17.admire vt. 18.architecture n. 19.contact vt. n. 20.soldier n. 21.transport n. vt. 22.convey vt. 23.economy n. 24.credit n. 25.detail n. 26.request n. vt. 27.unearth vt. 28.comment n. vi. & vt. 二、单词拓展 1. vt. & vi. 申请；请求；应用 → n. 申请；应用 → n. 申请人 → adj. 应用的；实用的 2. vt. & vi. 租用；出租 → n. 租金；租赁 adj. 租赁的；租用的 → adj. 租入的 3. vi. & vt. 收拾（行李）；装 → n. 包裹；包装盒 vt. 将…… 包装好 → adj. 挤满的；塞满的 4. vt. 使惊奇；使惊喜 → adj. 令人惊奇的；令人惊喜的 → adj. 感到惊奇的；惊讶的 → n. 惊奇；惊喜 5. vt. 安排；筹备 → n. 安排；筹备；布置 → adj. 安排好的；布置好的 6. adj. 极度的；极端的 → adv. 极其；非常 7. adj. 狭窄的；窄的 vt. & vi. （使）变窄 → adv. 勉强地；狭隘地 8. n. 力量；权力 vt. 驱动；提供动力 → adj. 强有力的；有权势的 → adj. 无力的；无权的 9. n. 帝国 → n. 皇帝 → adj. 帝国的；皇帝的 10. n. 办公室；官职 → adj. 官方的；正式的 n. 官员；要员 → adv. 官方地；正式地 11. vt. 辨别出；承认；认可 → n. 认出；承认；认可 → adj. 公认的；认可的 → adj. 可辨认的；可认出的 12. n. 类型；种类 vi. & vt. 打字 → n. 打字员 → adj. 打印的；打字的 13. vt. 提供住宿；容纳 → n. 住处；停留处；膳宿 14. adj. 唯一的；独特的；特有的 → adv. 独特地；唯一地 → n. 独特性；唯一性 15. vt. 钦佩；赞赏 → n. 钦佩；赞赏；羡慕 → adj. 令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的 16. n. 建筑师；设计师 → n. 建筑设计；建筑学 → adj. 建筑学的 17. adj. 公民的；国内的 → vt. 使文明；教化 → n. 文明；文明世界 18. vt. 运输；运送 → n. 交通运输系统；运输 → n. 运输者；运输工具 19. n. 经济；节约 → adj. 经济（上）的；经济学的 → adj. 节约的；经济的 20. n. 借款；信用；称赞；学分 → adj. 可信的；可靠的 → n. 可信性；可靠性 21. n. 细节；详情 → adj. 详细的；细致的 22. n. 视野；景色；看法 vt. 观看；看待 → n. 观众；观看者 → n. 观点；看法 23. n. 景象；视野；视力 → n. 观光；游览 → adj. 看得见的；有视力的 24. vi. & vt. 发表意见；评论 n. 议论；评论 → n. 评论员；解说员 → n. 评论；解说词 三、常考单词 1.apply vi. & vt. 申请；请求；应用 背重点 背写作佳句 1) apply for sth. 申请某物 / 某事 2) apply to do sth. 申请做某事 3) apply A to B 把 A 应用于 B 4) apply oneself/one's mind to sth. 专心致志于某事 5) application n. 申请；应用 6) applicant n. 申请人 ① I plan to apply for a summer internship at a local travel agency to gain experience.（申请信 / 个人规划）我计划申请当地一家旅行社的暑期实习，以积累经验。 ② The new technology can be applied to many different fields to improve efficiency.（说明文 / 议论文）这项新技术可以应用于许多不同领域，以提高效率。 2.rent vt. 租用；出租；vi. 租用；租金为；n. 租金 背重点 背写作佳句 1) rent sth. from sb. 向某人租某物 2) rent sth. to sb. 把某物租给某人 3) for rent 出租；招租 4) pay the rent 付租金 ① I rented a small apartment near the university to save time on commuting.我在大学附近租了一间小公寓，以节省通勤时间。 ② The landlord agreed to lower the rent if I signed a one-year contract.房东同意如果我签一年的合同就降低租金。 3.amaze vt. 使惊奇；使惊喜 背重点 背写作佳句 1) amazing adj. 令人惊奇的；令人惊喜的（修饰事物） 2) amazed adj. 感到惊奇的；惊讶的（修饰人） 3) be amazed at/by 对…… 感到惊讶 4) amazement n. 惊奇；惊喜 ① I was amazed by the amazing architecture of the ancient castle.我对这座古堡令人惊叹的建筑感到惊奇。 ② To my amazement, the local guide knew every detail of the history.（记叙文 / 旅行经历）令我惊讶的是，当地导游对这段历史的每一个细节都了如指掌。 4.arrange vt. 安排；筹备；vi. 安排 背重点 背写作佳句 1) arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事 2) arrange to do sth. 安排做某事 3) arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事 4) arrangement n. 安排；筹备；布置 ①The travel agency arranged for a private tour guide to show us around the city.旅行社安排了一名私人导游带我们游览城市。 ②We need to make some arrangements for the school trip next week.我们需要为下周的学校旅行做一些安排。 5.contact vt. 联络；联系；n. 联系；接触 背重点 背写作佳句 1) contact sb. 联系某人 2) keep in contact with sb. 与某人保持联系 3) lose contact with sb. 与某人失去联系 ① You can contact me by email if you have any questions about the trip plan.（通知 / 应用文） 如果你对旅行计划有任何问题，可以通过电子邮件联系我。 ② After graduating, it's important to keep in contact with your old friends.（议论文 / 观点表达） 毕业后，和老朋友保持联系很重要。 6.admire vt. 钦佩；赞赏 背重点 背写作佳句 1) admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人 2) admiration n. 钦佩；赞赏；羡慕 3) admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的 ① I admire my deskmate for her courage and determination to face challenges.（记叙文 / 人物描写） 我钦佩同桌面对挑战的勇气和决心。 ② The visitors stopped to admire the beautiful view from the top of the mountain.（读后续写 / 景物描写） 游客们停下来欣赏山顶的美景。 7.detail n. 细节；详情 背重点 背写作佳句 1) in detail 详细地 2) detailed adj. 详细的；细致的 3) go into detail(s) 详细叙述 ① The guide explained the history of the temple in great detail to the tourists.（记叙文 / 旅行） 导游向游客们详细地讲解了这座寺庙的历史。 ② The detective examined every detail of the scene to find clues.（读后续写 / 情节描写） 侦探检查了现场的每一个细节以寻找线索。 8.view n. 视野；景色；看法 vt. 观看；看待 背重点 背写作佳句 1) come into view 进入视野；被看见 2) in view of 鉴于；考虑到 3) view ... as ... 把…… 看作…… 4) viewer n. 观众；观看者 ①As we climbed higher, the whole city came into view.（读后续写 / 景物描写） 我们爬得越高，整座城市就越清晰地呈现在眼前。 ②Different people may view the same problem from different angles.（议论文 / 观点表达） 不同的人可能会从不同的角度看待同一个问题。 9.request n. （正式或礼貌地）要求；请求 vt. （正式或礼貌地）要求；请求 背重点 背写作佳句 1) request sth. from sb. 向某人请求某物 2) request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 3) make a request 提出请求 ①All visitors are requested to show their passports at the entrance.（通知 / 应用文）所有游客都需在入口处出示护照。 ②The singer's fans made a request for her to sing her most popular song.（记叙文 / 场景描写）歌手的粉丝们请求她演唱她最受欢迎的歌曲。 10.comment n. 议论；评论 vi. & vt. 发表意见；评论 背重点 背写作佳句 1) comment on/upon sth. 对某事发表评论 2) make comments on sth. 评论某事 ①Many people took to social media to comment on the new travel policy.许多人在社交媒体上对新的旅行政策发表评论。 ②The teacher refused to comment on the student's grades in public.（记叙文 / 场景描写）老师拒绝公开评论学生的成绩。 11. pack vi. & vt. 收拾（行李）；装；n. （商品的）纸包；纸袋；大包 背重点 背写作佳句 1) pack up 收拾行李；打包 2) pack into 挤进；塞进 3) be packed with 挤满；塞满 ① I spent the whole afternoon packing up my suitcase for the trip.（记叙文 / 旅行准备）我花了整个下午收拾旅行的行李。 ② The train was packed with tourists during the holiday season.（读后续写 / 场景描写）假期期间，火车上挤满了游客。 12.narrow adj. 狭窄的；窄的 vt. & vi. （使）变窄 背重点 背写作佳句 1) narrowly adv. 勉强地；险些；狭隘地 2) narrow down 缩小；限制 3) a narrow escape 死里逃生 ①We walked along a narrow path through the forest to reach the lake.我们沿着一条狭窄的小路穿过森林，来到湖边。 ②The car narrowly missed hitting a pedestrian on the busy street.汽车在繁忙的街道上险些撞到行人。 13.recognise (recognize) vt. 辨别出；承认；认可 背重点 背写作佳句 1) recognise sb./sth. (as ...) 认出某人 / 某物（为……） 2) recognise one's voice/face 认出某人的声音 / 脸 3) recognition n. 认出；承认；认可 ①I recognised my old friend the moment I saw her at the airport.我在机场一见到她，就认出了我的老朋友。 ②The organisation is widely recognised as a leader in environmental protection.该组织被广泛认为是环境保护领域的领导者。 14.unique adj. 唯一的；独特的；特有的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be unique to 为…… 所特有 2) uniquely adv. 独特地；唯一地 3) uniqueness n. 独特性 ①The ancient town has a unique style of architecture that you can't find anywhere else.（说明文 / 景物描写）这座古镇有着别处找不到的独特建筑风格。 ②Each student has a unique way of learning, so we should respect their differences.（议论文 / 观点表达）每个学生都有独特的学习方式，所以我们应该尊重他们的差异。 15.flight n. 空中航行；航班；航程 背重点 背写作佳句 1) take a flight 乘飞机 2) catch/miss a flight 赶上 / 错过航班 3) direct flight 直飞航班 ①We took an early morning flight to Paris to save time for sightseeing.（记叙文 / 旅行） 为了节省观光时间，我们乘坐了清晨飞往巴黎的航班。 ②Because of the bad weather, our flight was delayed for three hours.（读后续写 / 旅行场景） 由于天气恶劣，我们的航班延误了三个小时。 16.credit n. 借款；信用；称赞；学分 背重点 背写作佳句 1) on credit 赊账；信用 2) a credit card 信用卡 3) to one's credit 值得赞扬的是 ① To his credit, he refused to take credit for the team's success.（记叙文 / 人物描写）值得赞扬的是，他拒绝把团队的成功归功于自己。 ② Many students use credit cards to pay for their daily expenses at college.（议论文 / 观点表达）许多大学生用信用卡支付日常开销。 17.convey vt. 表达；传递 背重点 背写作佳句 1) convey one's feelings/thoughts 表达感情 / 想法 2) convey a message 传递信息 ① A look can sometimes convey more meaning than a thousand words.（议论文 / 观点表达） 有时一个眼神能传达比千言万语更多的含义。 ② She sent a gift to convey her thanks to the teacher.（记叙文 / 情感描写）她送了一份礼物来向老师表达感谢。 四．单元短语 学科网（北京）股份有限公22 / 63 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 申请 2. 控制；接管 3. 除…… 以外 4. （在旅馆、机场等）登记 5. 结账离开（旅馆等） 6. 进入视野；被看见 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：It is…that… 强调句 【教材】It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru. 正是因为这个原因，西班牙语才是秘鲁的主要官方语言。 2. 句式：spend time doing sth 结构 【教材】You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. 然后你可以花三天时间，在当地向导的带领下游览雨林，欣赏雨林特有的动植物。 3. 句式：现在分词作结果状语 【教材】Each statue has a different face, leading researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier. 每尊雕像都有不同的面孔，这让研究人员相信每一尊都是真实士兵的复制品。 六．单元语法 现在进行时表将来 一、语法核心定义 现在进行时（am/is/are + 现在分词doing）除了表示此时此刻正在发生的动作外，还可专门用于表示已经提前计划、安排妥当、确定实施的近期将来动作。核心本质：人为安排、已定计划、短期内即将发生，不是临时想法。 二、严格适用三大必备条件（缺一不可） 想要使用现在进行时表将来，必须同时满足以下三个条件，缺一即判定用法错误： 1. 动作已提前规划、安排完毕：不是临时起意，是提前敲定的日程、行程、活动安排（如订好车票、约好时间、确定活动）。 2. 句中带有明确的将来时间状语：必须有时间限定，体现“近期将要发生”。 高频时间状语清单：tomorrow, tonight, this morning/afternoon/weekend, next week, next Sunday, soon, in the coming days, during the holiday 3. 动词仅限动态动作类动词：静态动词无此用法（终极禁忌）。 三、可用动词清单 能够用于「现在进行时表将来」的动词只有两类 1. 位移动词（出行、往返类·最高频） go去、come来、leave离开、arrive到达、fly飞行、move 搬迁、start出发、return返回、take off起飞 2. 活动计划类动词（日程、活动安排类） visit 参观、travel 旅行、stay 逗留、play 参加（活动）、meet 会面、attend 出席、join 参加、take part in 参与、have 举行（活动） ✅ 标准正确例句： ① We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.（车票已定，行程安排完毕） ② She is attending a meeting this afternoon.（会议提前报名安排） 四、绝对禁用动词 所有静态动词，一律不能用进行时表将来，无例外！ 静态动词清单（表状态、心理、所属、认知）： know 知道、understand 理解、believe 相信、like 喜欢、love 热爱、hate 讨厌、want 想要、need 需要、belong to 属于、have（拥有）、prefer 偏爱 ❌ 错误：I am knowing the result tomorrow. ✅ 正确：I will know the result tomorrow. 五、三大将来时态 1. will do（一般将来时） 核心用法：临时决定、瞬间想法、无提前计划、客观预测、主观意愿承诺 场景：当下突发想法、临时答应、无安排的未来 例句：— I'm thirsty. — Iwill buy you some water.（现场临时决定） 2. be going to do 核心用法：主观打算、个人意向、有迹象将要发生 场景：心里有计划，但未落实安排；有客观迹象预示即将发生 例句：I am going to study abroad next year.（只是个人打算，未落实手续） Look at the dark clouds! It is going to rain.（天气迹象） 3. be doing（现在进行时表将来） 核心用法：已敲定、已安排、板上钉钉的近期计划 场景：车票、住宿、报名、时间全部确定，不会轻易更改 例句：I am flying to Guangzhou this Sunday.（机票已买，行程确定） 六、句式结构变化（否定、疑问、回答·完整全覆盖） 1. 肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + doing + 将来时间状语 They are having a party tonight. 2. 否定句：主语 + am/is/are + not + doing + 时间状语 They are not having a party tonight. 3. 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + doing + 时间状语？ — Are you going on a trip this weekend? — Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + doing？ When are you leaving? 七、易错点 1. 无需时间状语的特殊情况 上下文语境明确是既定安排时，可省略时间状语，依然表将来。 例句：I'm busy! I am meeting my teacher.（语境体现即将发生） 2. 瞬间动词无将来进行时叠加 位移动词本身用进行时即表将来，无需再加will，避免重复。 ❌ will be leaving tomorrow（冗余错误） ✅ am leaving tomorrow（标准正确） 3. 只用于近期将来，不用于遥远未来 该用法仅适用于近期、短期安排，明年、后年等遥远计划不适用，需用be going to / will。 七．单元写作 旅行计划/旅游介绍 介绍旅行目的地、行程安排、当地特色风光与文化，书写旅行计划或景点介绍。 时态应以现在时为主，人称以第一人称为主。 [基本框架] 1. 开头：点明推荐地点与写信缘由 2. 主体：介绍行程安排、自然景观、人文特色 3. 结尾：表达期待，预祝旅途愉快 [常用词块] 1. tourist attraction 旅游胜地 2. natural scenery 自然风光 3. local culture and customs 当地文化与风俗 4. explore the scenery 游览风光 5. be famous for 因……闻名 6. unique features 独特风貌 [常用语句]） ★精彩开头 1. Hearing that you will travel to China this summer, I'd like to recommend a fantastic place to you. 2. I'm writing to introduce my travel plan and a famous scenic spot to you. 3. Learning you are planning a trip to China, I can't wait to share my advice with you. 4. It's great to know you will pay a visit to China during the summer vacation. 5. Knowing that you are fond of cultural scenery, I strongly recommend this city. 6. I feel delighted to serve as your guide and introduce a charming tourist spot. ★正文佳句（基础+高阶） 1. This place is well-known for its amazing natural scenery and long history. 2. We can spend several days exploring local sights and experiencing traditional culture. 3. You can enjoy breathtaking views and taste delicious local traditional food here. 4. A local guide will show us around and tell us stories about the place. 5. The ancient buildings here fully reflect the local history and traditions. 6. It is for its rich culture that this city attracts countless visitors every year. 7. The combination of natural beauty and ancient culture makes the place unique. 8. Travelling here enables you to gain a deeper understanding of local customs. 9. We will take part in various cultural activities to enrich our journey. 10. Every corner of the city is worth exploring and will leave you a deep impression. ★余味结尾 1. I'm convinced that you will have an unforgettable trip here. 2. I can't wait to travel with you and share beautiful moments together. 3. I believe the unique scenery and culture will leave a deep impression on you. 4. Wish you a pleasant and rewarding journey in China. 5. This wonderful journey will definitely be one of your most precious memories. 6. I am looking forward to your arrival and our wonderful trip. 你的外国笔友Peter计划暑假来中国旅行，请你给他推荐一处景点，并介绍你的出行安排、当地特色与游玩活动。词数100词左右。 Dear Peter, Hearing that you will come to China for a trip this summer, I strongly recommend Xi'an to you, a city famous for its long history and splendid culture. We can spend three days visiting local tourist attractions. We will admire the Terracotta Army and walk around ancient city walls. We can also taste traditional local food and experience ancient culture. Every sight here has its unique charm. I believe you will fall in love with this city. Wish you a wonderful journey! Yours, Li Hua Unit 3 Sports And Fitness 一、核心单词 1.event n. 2.host vt. n. 3.track n. vt. & vi. 4.sweat vt. vi. n. 5.legend n. 6.athlete n. 7.master n. vt. 8.honour n. 9.glory n. 10.medal n. 11.championship n. 12.champion n. 13.determination n. 14.injure vt. 15.injured adj. 16.injury n. 17.captain n. 18.graceful adj. 19.strength n. 20.failure n. 21.compete vi. 22.pretend vi. & vt. 23.cheat vi. vt. n. 24.audience n. 25.positive adj. 26.diet n. vi. 27.rather adv. 28.stress n. vt. vi. 29.error n. 二、单词拓展 1. vi. 竞争；对抗 → n. 竞争；比赛 → n. 竞争者；对手 → adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的 2. vi. & vt. 假装；装扮 → adj. 假装的；徒有外表的 → n. 假装；虚伪 3. vi. 作弊；舞弊；vt. 欺骗；蒙骗；n. 欺骗手段；骗子 → n. 骗子；作弊者 4. adj. 积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的 → adv. 积极地；肯定地 → n. 积极性；乐观 5. n. 压力；紧张；重音；vt. 强调；重读；使焦虑不安；vi. 焦虑不安 → adj. 焦虑不安的；紧张的 → adj. 压力大的；紧张的 6. vt. 使受伤；损害 → adj. 受伤的；有伤的 → n. 伤害；损伤 7. vt. 确定；决定；测定 → n. 决心；决定 → adj. 坚定的；有决心的 8. n. 优雅；恩惠；vt. 使优美；使增光 → adj. 优美的；优雅的 → adv. 优雅地 9. adj. 强壮的；坚固的；强烈的 → n. 力量；体力 → vt. 加强；增强 10. vi. 失败；未能；vt. 使失望；不及格 → n. 失败；失败的人（或事物） 11. n. 荣誉；尊敬；荣幸；vt. 尊敬；给予荣誉 → adj. 光荣的；可敬的 12. n. 荣誉；光荣；赞美 → adj. 光荣的；辉煌的；极好的 → adv. 光荣地；辉煌地 13. n. 冠军；优胜者 → n. 锦标赛；冠军称号 → vt. 支持；拥护 14. adv. 分离；分开；成碎片→ v. 分开；分离 15. n. 运动员；运动健儿 → adj. 运动的；健壮的 16. n. 高手；主人；vt. 精通；掌握 → n. 精通；掌握 → adj. 熟练的；掌控的 17. n. 传奇故事（或人物）；传说 → adj. 传奇的；著名的 18. vt. 主办；主持；n. 主人；东道主；节目主持人 → n. 女主人；女主持人 19. n. 比赛项目；大事；公开活动 → adj. 多事的；重大的 → adj. 最终的；结果的 三、常考单词 1. compete vi. 竞争；对抗 背重点 背写作佳句 1) compete with/against sb. for sth. 为某事与某人竞争 2) compete in sth. 参加…… 比赛 / 竞争3) competition n. 竞争；比赛 4) competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的 ①To stay competitive in the job market, we need to keep learning new skills.（议论文 / 说明文）为了在就业市场保持竞争力，我们需要不断学习新技能。 ② She decided to compete in the national speech competition to challenge herself.（记叙文 / 成长主题）她决定参加全国演讲比赛，挑战自我。 2. stress n. 压力；紧张；重音 vt. 强调；重读；使焦虑不安 背重点 背写作佳句 1) under stress 在压力下 2) reduce/relieve stress 缓解压力 3) stress the importance of... 强调…… 的重要性 4) stressed adj. 焦虑不安的；紧张的 5) stressful adj. 压力大的；紧张的 ① Many students feel stressed before exams, so it's important to find healthy ways to relax.（说明文 / 议论文）许多学生在考试前感到压力，因此找到健康的放松方式很重要。 ② The teacher stressed that teamwork is the key to completing the project successfully.（记叙文 / 议论文）老师强调，团队合作是成功完成项目的关键。 3.injure vt. 使受伤；损害 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be injured in... 在…… 中受伤 2) injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的 3) injury n. 伤害；损伤 4) do injury to sb./sth. 伤害某人 / 某物 ① The player was badly injured during the match and had to leave the field.（记叙文 / 体育主题）这名球员在比赛中严重受伤，不得不离场。 ② Drinking too much alcohol will do injury to your health over time.（议论文 / 健康主题）长期过量饮酒会损害你的健康。 4.determine vt. 确定；决定；测定 背重点 背写作佳句 1) determine to do sth. 决心做某事 2) be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事 3) determination n. 决心；决定 4) determined adj. 坚定的；有决心的 ① Determined to win the championship, the team trained every day after school.（记叙文 / 体育 / 成长主题）这支队伍决心赢得冠军，每天放学后都训练。 ② Your attitude often determines whether you can overcome difficulties.（议论文 / 人生主题）你的态度往往决定了你能否克服困难。 5.fail vi. 失败；未能 vt. 使失望；不及格 背重点 背写作佳句 1) fail to do sth. 未能做某事 2) fail in sth. 在…… 中失败 / 不及格 3) failure n. 失败；失败的人 / 事物 4) without fail 必定；一定 ① Don't be afraid to fail, because every failure teaches us a valuable lesson.（议论文 / 成长主题）不要害怕失败，因为每一次失败都能给我们宝贵的教训。 ② He failed to finish the task on time, which made his boss very angry.（记叙文 / 职场 / 校园主题）他没能按时完成任务，这让他的老板非常生气。 6.pretend vi. & vt. 假装；装扮 背重点 背写作佳句 1) pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 2) pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事 3) pretend that... 假装…… ①The child pretended to be asleep when his mother came into the room.当妈妈走进房间时，这个孩子假装睡着了。 ②He pretended not to know the answer, but in fact he had studied hard.（记叙文 / 校园主题）他假装不知道答案，但实际上他学习很努力。 7.positive adj. 积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be positive about... 对…… 持乐观态度 2) stay positive 保持积极乐观 3) positive attitude 积极的态度 4) positively adv. 积极地；肯定地 ①A positive attitude can help us deal with challenges more easily. 积极的态度能帮助我们更轻松地应对挑战。 ②The feedback from the teacher was very positive, which encouraged me a lot.（记叙文 / 成长主题）老师的反馈非常积极，给了我很大的鼓励。 8.error n. 错误；差错 背重点 背写作佳句 1) make an error 犯错误 2) correct an error 纠正错误 3) by error 错误地；无意中 4) erroneous adj. 错误的；不正确的 ①Everyone makes errors, but the key is to learn from them.（议论文 / 成长主题）每个人都会犯错，但关键是从中吸取教训。 ②The computer program crashed due to a small error in the code.由于代码中的一个小错误，电脑程序崩溃了。 9. diet n. 规定饮食；日常饮食 vi. 节食 背重点 背写作佳句 1) go on a diet 节食；减肥 2) balanced diet 均衡饮食 3) keep a healthy diet 保持健康饮食 4) dietary adj. 饮食的；与饮食相关的 ① It's important to keep a balanced diet if you want to stay healthy.如果你想保持健康，保持均衡饮食很重要。 ② She decided to go on a diet and exercise more to get fit.她决定节食并多运动来保持身材。 10.honor n. 荣誉；尊敬；荣幸 vt. 尊敬；给予荣誉 背重点 背写作佳句 1) in honor of 为纪念……；向…… 致敬 2) have the honor of doing sth. 有幸做某事 3) feel honored to do sth. 很荣幸做某事 4) honourable adj. 光荣的；可敬的 ① A special party was held in honour of the retiring teacher.为了向退休老师致敬，学校举办了一场特别的派对。 ② I feel greatly honored to be invited to speak at this meeting.（应用文 / 演讲稿）能被邀请在本次会议上发言，我感到非常荣幸。 11.strength n. 力量；体力；优点 背重点 背写作佳句 1) build up one's strength 增强体力 2) have the strength to do sth. 有力量做某事 3) strength and weaknesses 优缺点 4) strengthen vt. 加强；增强 ①Regular exercise helps build up your strength and improve your health.（说明文 / 健康主题）规律锻炼有助于增强体力并改善健康。 ②It's important to know your own strengths and weaknesses when choosing a career.（议论文 / 职业规划）在选择职业时，了解自己的优缺点很重要。 12.apart adv. 分离；分开；成碎片 背重点 背写作佳句 1) fall apart 破裂；崩溃；散架 2) take apart 拆开；拆卸 3) apart from 除了…… 之外（还有 / 没有） 4) tell A and B apart 区分 A 和 B ① Their relationship began to fall apart after the big argument.那场大争吵之后，他们的关系开始破裂。 ② Apart from some spelling mistakes, your composition is quite good.（应用文 / 评语）除了一些拼写错误，你的作文写得相当不错。 13.recognise (recognize) vt. 辨别出；承认；认可 背重点 背写作佳句 1) recognise sb./sth. (as ...) 认出某人 / 某物（为……） 2) recognise one's voice/face 认出某人的声音 / 脸 3) recognition n. 认出；承认；认可 ①I recognised my old friend the moment I saw her at the airport.我在机场一见到她，就认出了我的老朋友。 ②The organisation is widely recognised as a leader in environmental protection.该组织被广泛认为是环境保护领域的领导者。 14.determine vt. 确定；决定；测定 背重点 背写作佳句 1) determine to do sth. 决心做某事 2) be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事 3) determination n. 决心；决定 4) with determination 坚定地；有决心地 ① With great determination, she finally achieved her dream of becoming a doctor.（记叙文 / 成长主题）凭借坚定的决心，她最终实现了成为一名医生的梦想。 ② The weather will determine whether we can have the sports meeting outdoors.（说明文 / 校园主题）天气将决定我们能否在户外举办运动会。 四．单元短语 1. 跟随；到达；进步；赶快 2. 田径 3. 锻炼；计算出；解决 4. 获得成功；准时到达 5. 树立榜样 6. 破裂；破碎；崩溃 7. 丧失信心；泄气 8. 放弃；投降 9. 有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚 10. 假装做某事 11. 即使；虽然 12. 有作用或影响 13. 而不是 14. 停止做（或使用、食用）；剪下 15. 有时；偶尔 16. 与…… 比较 17. 俯卧撑 学科网（北京）股份有限公38 / 63 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：who 引导定语从句 【教材】The player who became known as 'Air Jordan' changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps. 这位被称为 “飞人乔丹” 的球员，用他优雅的动作和跳跃改变了篮球运动。 2. 句式：even though 引导让步状语从句 【教材】I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible. 我一直想长得像电视上那些苗条的女孩，尽管我知道这是不可能的。 3. 句式：and 连接的并列句 【教材】Finally, I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body. 最后，我不再拿自己和女演员、模特比较，也不再挑自己脸蛋或身材的毛病了。 六．单元语法 反意疑问句 Tag questions 一、核心公式与口诀 口诀：前肯后否、前否后肯；时态一致、主语一致、助动词一致 基础结构：肯定陈述句+否定尾句 / 否定陈述句+肯定尾句 二、必考特殊情况 1. 隐形否定词规则 句含：never, hardly, seldom, little, few, no, none, nobody, nothing, rarely 整句视为否定句，尾句用肯定 例句：He seldom eats breakfast, does he? 2. 不定代词主语规则 事物不定代词（everything/nothing/anything/something）→ 尾句主语用it 人物不定代词（everyone/everybody/someone/no one）→ 尾句主语用they 3. There be句型 直接对应be动词：There are many trees, aren't there? 4. 祈使句专属规则（必考陷阱） 普通祈使句（Open the door）→ will you? Let's do sth.（包含听话人）→ shall we? Let us do sth.（不包含听话人）→ will you? 5. must 双重考点 must表“必须、义务” → 尾句 mustn't must表“肯定推测（一定）” → 根据句中动词时态判定 6. 含宾语从句的反意疑问句 ① 主语为第一人称(I/we) + think/believe/suppose + 从句 → 尾句看从句 I think he is right, isn't he? ② 主语为二三人称 → 尾句看主句 He thinks you are right, doesn't he? 三、回答终极规则 完全按照客观事实回答，不看问句肯否！ — You didn't finish your homework, did you? — Yes, I did.（不，我做完了） — No, I didn't.（是的，我没做完） 七．单元写作 健康生活短文 反思生活习惯、探讨身心健康、倡导健康生活方式，写议论文/感悟类短文。 时态应以现在时为主，人称以第一/三人称为主。 [基本框架] 1. 开头：引出话题，点明身心健康的重要性 2. 主体：反思不良习惯，阐述健康生活的具体做法 3. 结尾：发出倡议，升华主题 [常用词块] 1. physical and mental health 身心健康 2. keep a balanced diet 保持均衡饮食 3. take regular exercise 坚持规律运动 4. form good living habits 养成良好生活习惯 5. stay optimistic 保持乐观心态 6. struggle with 为……困扰 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1. Nowadays, more and more people pay attention to their physical and mental health. 2. A healthy lifestyle plays an important role in our daily life. 3. As teenagers, we should attach great importance to our health condition. 4. Health is the foundation of all success and happy life. 5. In recent years, unhealthy lifestyles have become a common problem among students. 6. It is high time that we realized the importance of keeping healthy. ★正文佳句（基础+高阶） 1. We should not pay too much attention to appearance but focus on real health. 2. Proper exercise and a balanced diet are the keys to keeping fit. 3. I once compared myself with others, which brought me unnecessary pressure. 4. True beauty consists of health, confidence and a positive attitude towards life. 5. Regular exercise can relieve stress and keep us energetic in study and life. 6. A balanced diet provides us with enough energy to face daily challenges. 7. Only by keeping a healthy lifestyle can we enjoy a high-quality life. 8. Negative thoughts and blind comparison will do harm to our mental health. 9. It is necessary for us to develop healthy habits and get rid of bad lifestyles. 10. Maintaining a positive state of mind is equally important as physical health. ★余味结尾 1. Let's take action to develop a healthy lifestyle from now on. 2. Only when we keep healthy can we enjoy a happy and meaningful life. 3. A healthy lifestyle will benefit us for a lifetime. 4. It is never too late to change bad habits and pursue a healthier life. 5. Let's value our health and shape a better self through healthy habits. 6. I firmly believe health is the greatest wealth in our life. 学校英语刊物开展Healthy Lifestyle主题征文活动，请你结合自身经历，谈谈对健康生活的理解，并呼吁大家养成健康的生活习惯。词数100词左右。 Healthy Lifestyle Nowadays, health has become a hot topic among teenagers. I once cared too much about my appearance and compared myself with others, which made me feel upset. Gradually, I realized that true beauty lies in health and confidence. To keep healthy, we should keep a balanced diet and take regular exercise. Meanwhile, it is equally important to stay optimistic and learn to release pressure. Let's get rid of bad habits and develop a healthy lifestyle. A healthy body will bring us a brighter future. Unit 4 Natural Disasters 一、核心单词 1.disaster n. 2.flood n. vi. vt. 3.rescue n. & vt. 4.damage vt. n. 5.destroy vt. 6.death n. 7.affect vt. 8.shelter n. vt. vi. 9.crack n. vi. & vt. 10.ruin n. & vt. 11.shock n. vt. 12.electricity n. 13.trap vt. n. 14.bury vt. 15.breathe vi. & vt. 16.revive vi. & vt. 17.revival n. 18.effort n. 19.unify vi. & vt. 20.suffer vi. vt. 21.erupt vi. & vt. 22.supply n. vt. 23.survive vi. vt. 24.power n. 25.emergency n. 26.sweep vt. & vi. (swept, swept) 27.strike vi. & vt. (struck, struck/stricken) n. 28.deliver vt. 29.effect n. 二、单词拓展 1. n. 灾难；灾害 → adj. 灾难性的；损失惨重的 2. n. 洪水；大量；vi. 淹没；大量涌入；vt. 使灌满水；淹没 → adj. 被水淹没的 → n. 洪水泛滥 3. n. & vt. 营救；救援 → n. 救援者；救助者 4. vt. 损害；破坏；n. 损坏；损失 → adj. 被损坏的 → adj. 有破坏性的 5. vt. 摧毁；毁灭 → n. 破坏；毁灭 → adj. 破坏性的；毁灭性的 6. vt. 疏散；撤出；vi. 撤离 → n. 疏散；撤离 7. vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 → n. 影响；效果；作用 → adj. 有效的；起作用的 8. n. 裂纹；裂缝；vi. & vt.（使）破裂 → adj. 破裂的；破碎的 9. n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏 → adj. 毁坏的；破败的 10. n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克；vt.（使）震惊 → adj. 震惊的；惊愕的 → adj. 令人震惊的；可怕的 11. n. 电；电能 → adj. 电的；电动的 → adj. 电的；与电有关的 → adj. 电子的 12. vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套；n. 险境；陷阱 → adj. 被困住的；陷入困境的 13. vt. 埋葬；安葬 → n. 埋葬；葬礼 → adj. 埋葬的；隐藏的 14. vi. & vt. 呼吸 → n. 呼吸；气息 → adj. 气喘吁吁的；屏息的 15. vi. & vt. 复活；（使）苏醒 → n. 振兴；复苏 → adj. 复活的；复兴的 16. vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦；vt. 遭受；蒙受 → n. 痛苦；苦难 → n. 受难者；患者 17. vi. & vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出 → n. 爆发；喷发 → adj. 爆发的；喷发的 18. n. 供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品；vt. 供应；供给 → n. 供应商；供应者 19. vi. 生存；存活；vt. 幸存；艰难度过 → n. 生存；幸存 → n. 幸存者；生还者 20. n. 电力供应；力量；控制力 → adj. 强大的；有影响力的 → adj. 无力的；无权的 21. n. 突发事件；紧急情况 → adj. 紧急的；突发的 22. adj. 镇静的；沉着的；vi. & vt. 使平静；使镇静 → adv. 平静地；镇静地 → n. 平静；镇静 23. vi. & vt. ( struck, struck/stricken ) 侵袭；突击；击打；n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 → adj. 显著的；惊人的 → n. 罢工者；打击者 24. vt. 递送；传送；传达；发表 → n. 递送；交付；分娩 → n. 递送者；演讲者 三、常考单词 1.disaster n. 灾难；灾害 背重点 背写作佳句 1) natural disaster 自然灾害 2) disaster relief 救灾；灾难援助 3) disastrous adj. 灾难性的；损失惨重的 ①Natural disasters like earthquakes and floods can destroy homes and lives in seconds.（说明文 / 议论文）地震、洪水等自然灾害能在瞬间摧毁家园与生命。 ②The local government sent teams to provide disaster relief immediately after the hurricane hit.（记叙文 / 新闻报道）飓风来袭后，当地政府立刻派出团队开展救灾工作。 2.rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援 背重点 背写作佳句 1) rescue sb. from... 从…… 中营救某人 2) come to one's rescue 前来营救某人 3) rescue team 救援队 ①The brave firefighters risked their lives to rescue people trapped in the burning building.勇敢的消防员冒着生命危险营救被困在着火大楼里的人们。 ②When the hiker got lost in the mountains, a rescue team was sent out to find him.当徒步者在山里迷路时，一支救援队被派出去寻找他。 3.damage vt. 损害；破坏；n. 损坏；损失 背重点 背写作佳句 1) do/cause damage to... 对…… 造成损害 2) suffer damage 遭受损失 3) damaged adj. 被损坏的 ①The heavy rain caused serious damage to the old bridge, so it had to be closed.暴雨对这座旧桥造成了严重损坏，因此它不得不被关闭。 ②Smoking can do great damage to your lungs, even if you only smoke a little.即使只是少量吸烟也会对你的肺部造成严重损害。 4.affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 背重点 背写作佳句 1) affect sb./sth. 影响某人 / 某物 2) be affected by... 被…… 影响 / 打动 3) effect n. 影响；效果 4) effective adj. 有效的 ①The long drought affected the growth of crops, leading to a poor harvest this year.长期的干旱影响了农作物的生长，导致今年收成不佳。 ②The touching story of the survivors deeply affected everyone who watched the documentary.幸存者们感人的故事深深打动了每个观看纪录片的人。 5.survive vi. 生存；存活；vt. 幸存；艰难度过 背重点 背写作佳句 1) survive on... 靠…… 生存 2) survive the disaster 在灾难中幸存 3) survival n. 生存；幸存 4) survivor n. 幸存者 ① Many plants and animals struggle to survive in the desert because there is so little water.（说明文 / 自然主题）因为缺水，许多动植物在沙漠中艰难求生。 ② She was the only passenger who survived the plane crash, which shocked the whole country.（记叙文 / 新闻报道）她是这次空难中唯一幸存的乘客，这件事震惊了全国。 6.suffer vi. 受苦；受折磨；vt. 遭受；蒙受 背重点 背写作佳句 1) suffer from... 遭受……；患…… 病 2) suffer pain/loss 遭受痛苦 / 损失 3) suffering n. 痛苦；苦难 ① Many people suffer from stress and anxiety in today's fast-paced society.（议论文 / 社会主题）在当今快节奏的社会中，许多人承受着压力和焦虑。 ② The town suffered great losses during the war, but people never gave up hope.（记叙文 / 历史主题）这座城镇在战争中遭受了巨大损失，但人们从未放弃希望。 7.calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的；vi. & vt. 使平静；使镇静 背重点 背写作佳句 1) calm down 平静下来；镇定下来 2) keep calm 保持冷静 3) calmly adv. 平静地；镇静地 ① When the earthquake happened, she tried to stay calm and told everyone to hide under the desks.（记叙文 / 校园场景）地震发生时，她努力保持冷静，告诉大家躲到桌子底下。 ② It is important to calm down and think clearly when you are in a dangerous situation.（议论文 / 生活智慧）身处险境时，冷静下来并清晰思考是非常重要的。 8.aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资；vt. 帮助；援助 背重点 背写作佳句 1) first aid 急救 2) come to one's aid 帮助某人 3) aid sb. in/with sth. 在某事上帮助某人 ① Knowing how to give first aid can save lives in an emergency.（说明文 / 生活技能）懂得如何实施急救能在紧急情况下挽救生命。 ② Many countries sent food and medical aid to the area hit by the earthquake.（说明文 / 国际援助）许多国家向地震受灾地区运送了食品和医疗援助物资。 9.destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 背重点 背写作佳句 1) destroy everything 毁掉一切 2) destruction n. 破坏；毁灭 3) destructive adj. 破坏性的 ①The big fire destroyed most of the houses in the village.这场大火烧毁了村里大部分房屋。 ②War brings nothing but pain and destruction.战争带来的只有痛苦与毁灭。 10.shock n. 震惊；休克；vt. 使震惊 背重点 背写作佳句 1) in shock 震惊；休克 2) shocked adj. 感到震惊的 3) shocking adj. 令人震惊的 ①The news of his death shocked the whole country.他离世的消息震惊了全国。 ②She was still in shock after the accident.事故发生后，她依旧惊魂未定。 11.bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be buried in… 埋头于；沉浸于 2) burial n. 埋葬；葬礼 3) buried adj. 被埋的 ①Many people were buried alive in the earthquake.地震中许多人被活活掩埋。 ②He buried himself in his work to forget the pain.他埋头工作，试图忘却痛苦。 12.breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸 背重点 背写作佳句 1) take a deep breath 深呼吸 2) breath n. 呼吸；气息 3) breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的 ① Take a deep breath and you will feel relaxed.深呼吸，你就会感到放松。 ② We were breathless after running up the stairs.跑上楼梯后，我们累得气喘吁吁。 13.supply n. 供应；补给；vt. 供应；供给 背重点 背写作佳句 1) supply sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 2) in short supply 供应不足 3) supplies n. 补给品 ① The factory supplies the market with fresh vegetables every day.这家工厂每天为市场供应新鲜蔬菜。 ② Food supplies are running out in the disaster area.灾区的食物补给即将耗尽。 四．单元短语 1. 火山喷发 2. 似乎；好像；仿佛 3. 严重受损；破败不堪 4. 震惊；吃惊 5. 露天；在户外 6. 急救箱 7. 现有（尤指帮助） 8. 消灭；彻底消除 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：It seemed as if… 句型 【教材】It seemed as if the world was coming to an end. 仿佛世界末日即将来临。 2. 句式：who 引导定语从句 【教材】The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. 在地震中丧生或重伤的人数超过了 40 万。 3. 句式：be doing sth..... when 句型 【教材】I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我正和三个孩子吃早饭，这时水开始漫进我家。 六．单元语法 限制性定语从句 一、定语从句整体认知（必修一核心重难） 定语从句本质：用一个句子修饰名词/代词，相当于“超长形容词”。被修饰的名词/代词叫先行词，连接先行词和从句的词叫关系词。 高中定语从句分为：限制性定语从句（无逗号、不可删）、非限制性定语从句。 完整公式：先行词 + 关系代词 + 从句（缺成分） 核心判定口诀：从句缺主宾，必用关系代词 二、关系代词 1. who（指代人） ✅ 适用：先行词为人，从句中作主语、宾语 ✅ 句式特点：作主语绝对不能省略；作宾语可省略 ✅ 例句1（作主语，不可省）：The girl who helped me is my classmate. ✅ 例句2（作宾语，可省）：The teacher (who) you met just now is from Beijing. 2. whom（指代人） ✅ 适用：先行词为人，从句中只能作宾语 ✅ 语体特点：正式书面用语，口语中常用 who 替换 ✅ 必考细节：可与介词提前连用（期末拔高考点） ✅ 例句：The boy whom we talked about is good at swimming. ✅ 介词提前：The boy about whom we talked is good at swimming. 3. which（指代物） ✅ 适用：先行词为事物、动物，从句作主语、宾语 ✅ 句式特点：作主语不可省，作宾语可省 ✅ 例句1（主语）：The book which lies on the desk is useful. ✅ 例句2（宾语）：The movie (which) we watched last night was wonderful. 4. that（万能关系代词） ✅ 适用：可指代人、物，从句作主、宾 ✅ 优势：兼容性最强，多数基础题型可通用 ✅ 例句：The people that live nearby are very kind. 5.whose（满分超细讲解） ✅ 核心含义：表所属关系，翻译为“……的” ✅ 既可指人，也可指物（90%学生误区：以为只能指人） ✅ 固定结构：先行词 + whose + 从属名词 ✅ 句法功能：在从句中作定语，修饰后面名词 ✅ 指人例句：The student whose handwriting is excellent won the prize. ✅ 指物例句：I live in a house whose windows face the park. ✅ 等价替换（拔高考点）：whose + 名词 = of which + the + 名词 例：a tree whose leaves are green = a tree of which the leaves are green 三、只用that，不用which/who的规则 1. 先行词被最高级修饰：the best, the most beautiful 例：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 2. 先行词被序数词修饰：the first, the last, the second 例：He is the first student that finished the task. 3. 先行词被不定代词修饰或本身是不定代词：all, everything, nothing, anything, much, little, few 例：Everything that he said is true. 4. 先行词被all/every/no/any/much等修饰 例：All the stories that he told are funny. 5. 先行词既有人又有物（唯一固定用法） 例：We talked about the teachers and schools that we had visited. 6. 主句是以 who / which 开头的特殊疑问句（避免重复） 例：Who is the girl that is crying? 四、绝对不能用that的3种情况 1. 介词提前后，只能用 which/whom，不能用that ✅ The room in which I live is big. ❌ The room in that I live is big. 2. 非限制性定语从句（有逗号）不能用that 3. 先行词为专有名词、独一无二名词时，不用that 五、关系代词省略终极规则（百分百准确） 1. 关系代词（who/whom/which/that）在从句中作宾语 → 可以省略 2. 关系代词在从句中作主语 → 绝对不可省略（改错高频丢分点） ✅ 正确：The pen (that) I bought is new.（作宾语，可省） ❌ 错误：The pen that is on the desk new.（主语不可省，句子残缺） 六、易错辨析 误区1：分不清who和whom —— 记住：看从句内部成分，主语用who，宾语用whom 误区2：见到all就用which —— 固定规则：all修饰先行词只用that 误区3：随意省略主语关系代词 —— 主语绝不允许省略 误区4：介词提前依然用that —— 介词后只能用which/whom 七、基础做题万能步骤（秒杀单选、填空、改错） 1. 找先行词：判断是人 / 是物 2. 分析从句：缺主语？缺宾语？不缺成分？ 3. 套特殊规则：是否最高级、序数词、不定代词、人物共存 4. 确定关系词、判断是否可省略 七．单元写作 自然灾害记叙文 记叙自然灾害、突发事件的经历，描述事件过程、人们的互助与感悟 [基本框架] 1. 开头：点明事件、时间与背景 2. 主体：详细描述事发经过、现场状况与人们的救援行动 3. 结尾：抒发个人感悟与思考 [常用词块] 1. natural disaster 自然灾害 2. fall into ruins 沦为废墟 3. come to rescue 前来救援 4. work together 齐心协力 5. suffer from 遭受 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1. I still clearly remember the terrible natural disaster that happened on that cold day. 2. It was an experience that I will never forget for the rest of my life. 3. An unexpected disaster hit our area, leaving a deep impression on me. 4. The moment the disaster happened, I felt the power of nature and human unity. 5. It seemed as if the whole world was coming to an end at that moment. 6. I was going about my daily life when a sudden disaster took place. ★正文佳句（基础+高阶） 1. People were shocked and many buildings fell into ruins after the disaster. 2. Lots of volunteers came to offer help and rescue people in danger. 3. The disaster caused great damage to local houses and public facilities. 4. Despite the terrifying situation, people chose to stay calm and help each other. 5. Rescue workers spared no effort to save people trapped in the disaster. 6. The whole community united as one to fight against the natural disaster. 7. Many people suffered losses but never lost hope for life. 8. The sudden disaster brought huge challenges to local residents. 9. Kindness and bravery shone brightly during the difficult time. 10. Mutual support helped people get through the hardest moment. ★余味结尾 1. The disaster brought people closer and taught us the power of unity. 2. We should cherish our peaceful life and help those in need. 3. This unforgettable experience has taught me the true meaning of bravery and unity. 4. No disaster can defeat united people with strong will. 5. We should always stay alert and prepare for possible natural disasters. 6. Love and unity are the most powerful weapons against difficulties. 校刊栏目Unforgettable Experience面向全校征稿，请你以一次突发险情/自然灾害经历为题，写一篇记叙文，描述事件经过、他人相助以及你的感悟。词数100词左右。 An Unforgettable Experience I still remember clearly the flood that hit our neighborhood last year. It seemed as if everything around us was out of control. I was having breakfast with my family when water started filling our house rapidly. We felt scared at first, but soon many kind neighbors and rescue workers came to help us. Thanks to their efforts, all of us got to safety finally. This special experience tells me that unity is strength. We should always care for and help each other when difficulties come. Unit 5 Languages Around The World 一、核心单词 1.native adj. n. 2.attitude n. 3.reference n. 4.refer vi. vt. 5.system n. 6.factor n. 7.based adj. 8.base vt. n. 9.carve vt. & vi. 10.variety n. 11.major adj. n. vi. 12.means n. 13.classic adj. n. 14.regard vt. 15.character n. 16.global adj. 17.affair n. 18.appreciate vt. vi. 19.specific adj. 20.struggle n. & vi. 21.tongue n. 22.beg vi. 23.equal n. adj. 24.demand n. vt. vi. 25.vocabulary n. 26.description n. 27.relate vt. 二、单词拓展 1. vi. 提到；参考；查阅；vt. 查询；叫……求助于 → n. 指称关系；参考 2. vi. 变化；改变 → n.（植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化 → adj. 各种各样的；不同的 3. adj. 主要的；重要的；大的；n. 主修课程；主修学生；vi. 主修；专门研究 → n. 大部分；大多数 4. vt. 联系；讲述 → adj. 相关的；有联系的 → n. 关系；联系 → n. 关系；联系 5. vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会；vi. 增值 → n. 欣赏；感激；感谢 6. n. 同等的人；相等物；adj. 相同的；同样的 → adv. 平等地；同样地 → n. 平等；相等 7. vt. 描述；形容 → n. 描写（文字）；形容 → adj. 描述性的 8. n. 要求；需求；vt. 强烈要求；需要；vi. 查问 → adj. 要求高的；费力的 9. adj. 全球的；全世界的 → n. 地球；世界；球体 10. adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的 → adv. 明确地；具体地 11. n. & vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗 → adj. 奋斗的；努力的 12. vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础；n. 底部；根据 → adj. 以（某事）为基础的；以……为重要部分（或特征）的 → adj. 基本的；基础的 13. vt. 尊重；把……视为；看待 → prep. 关于；至于 14. n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点 → adj. 特有的；典型的；n. 特征；特点 15. vt. 定义；界定 → n. 定义；释义 → adj. 明确的；一定的 16. adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的；n. 本地人 → n. 出生；出生地 17. n. 态度；看法 → adj. 态度的 18. n. 体系；制度；系统 → adj. 系统的；有条理的 19. prep. 即使；尽管 →（拓展） 尽管；不管 20. vt. & vi. 雕刻 → n. 雕刻品；雕刻艺术 → n. 雕刻师；雕刻工 21. adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的；n. 经典作品；名著 → adj. 古典的；经典的 三、常考单词 1.refer v. 提到；参考；查阅；查询 背重点 背写作佳句 1) refer to 提及；查阅；指的是 2) refer to…as… 把…… 称作 ① Please refer to the notes when you review lessons.复习功课时请查阅笔记。 ② We refer to him as a living dictionary.我们称他为活字典。 2.appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；领会 背重点 背写作佳句 1) appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事 2) I would appreciate it if… 如若…… 不胜感激 ① I appreciate being given this chance.我很感激能得到这次机会。 ② I would appreciate it if you could help me.如果你能帮我，我将不胜感激。 3.relate vt. 联系；讲述 背重点 背写作佳句 1) relate to 理解；与…… 相关 2) relate A to B 把 A 和 B 联系起来 ① Most teenagers can relate to this story.大多数青少年都能理解这个故事。 ② Try to relate theory to practice.试着把理论和实践结合起来。 4.equal adj. 平等的；相同的；n. 同等的人 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be equal to 等于；胜任 2) equal rights 平等权利 ① All people are born equal.人人生而平等。 ② She is equal to the difficult task.她能够胜任这项艰巨的任务。 5.demand n. 需求；要求 vt. 强烈要求 背重点 背写作佳句 1) in great demand 需求量大 2) meet one's demand 满足某人需求 ① This book is in great demand among students.这本书深受学生欢迎。 ② We should try our best to meet people's demands.我们应尽力满足人们的需求。 6.struggle n. & vi. 奋斗；努力；挣扎 背重点 背写作佳句 1) struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 2) struggle against 与…… 作斗争 ③ He struggles to learn English well.他努力学好英语。 ② They struggled against difficulties together.他们一同与困难作斗争。 7.base vt. 以…… 为基础 n. 根基 背重点 背写作佳句 1) base…on 以…… 为依据 2) be based on 基于 ① The film is based on a true story.这部电影改编自一个真实故事。 ② Don't base your judgment on appearance.不要以貌取人。 8.regard vt. 看待；视作；尊重 背重点 背写作佳句 1) regard…as… 把…… 看作 2) regardless of 不管；不顾 ① We regard her as our best friend.我们把她当作最好的朋友。② He kept working regardless of the cold.不顾严寒，他继续工作。 9. attitude n. 态度；看法 背重点 背写作佳句 1) attitude to/towards 对…… 的态度 ② Your attitude towards study is very important.你的学习态度至关重要。 ② She has a positive attitude to life.她拥有积极的生活态度。 10.variety n. 多样化；种类 背重点 背写作佳句 1) a variety of 各种各样的 ① There are a variety of books in the library.图书馆里有各式各样的书籍。 ② We have a variety of activities after class.我们课后有丰富的活动。 11.means n. 方式；方法 背重点 背写作佳句 1) by means of 通过；借助 2) by no means 绝不 ① We communicate by means of words.我们借助语言交流。 ② By no means can you give up easily.你绝不能轻易放弃。 12. despite prep. 尽管；即使 背重点 背写作佳句 1) despite + 名词 / 动名词 尽管 2) 同义短语：in spite of ① Despite the rain, we went hiking.尽管下着雨，我们还是去徒步了。 ② He kept working despite being tired.虽然很累，他依旧坚持工作。 13.description n. 描述；形容 背重点 背写作佳句 1) give a description of 描述…… 2) describe v. 描述 ② Please give a brief description of your school.请简单描述一下你的学校。 ② The scenery is beyond description.景色美得难以言喻。 四．单元短语 1. 指的是；提到；参考；查阅 2. 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 3. (to ...) 追溯到 4. 不论……；不管…… 5. 观点；看法 6. 与…… 相关；涉及；谈到 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：which 引导定语从句 + despite 引导让步状语 【教材】China is widely known for its ancient civilization which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. 中国因其古老的文明而广为人知，尽管历史上历经许多兴衰起伏，这一文明却一直延续到了现代。 2. 句式：why 引导定语从句 + but 连接并列句 【教材】There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. 这之所以成为可能有许多原因，但其中一个主要因素就是中国的文字系统。 3. 句式：as 引导原因状语从句 + when 引导定语从句 + 现在分词作结果状语 【教材】Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. 多年来，这一系统发展出了不同的形式，因为当时人们在地理上相互隔绝，从而产生了许多不同的方言和文字。 4. 句式：no matter where/what 引导让步状语从句 【教材】Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. 即使在今天，无论中国人生活在哪里、说哪种方言，他们仍然可以通过文字进行交流。 六．单元语法 限制性定语从句（二） 一、三大关系副词 when / where / why（期末填空必考核心） 总规则：关系副词在从句中不作主宾，只作状语，从句主干完整不缺成分 1. where（地点状语） ✅ 先行词：表地点（place, school, city, classroom, factory, village） ✅ 从句状态：主语、宾语齐全，缺地点状语（在这个地方） ✅ 例句：This is the school where I studied for three years. ✅ 等价转换：where = in which 2. when（时间状语） ✅ 先行词：表时间（time, day, year, month, moment） ✅ 从句状态：主干完整，缺时间状语（在这个时间） ✅ 例句：I still remember the day when we first met. ✅ 等价转换：when = on/in/at which 3. why（原因状语） ✅ 唯一固定先行词：the reason（仅此一个） ✅ 从句状态：主干完整，缺原因状语（因为这个原因） ✅ 例句：This is the reason why he was late for school. ✅ 等价转换：why = for which4．难点突破 二、关系代词 VS 关系副词 精准辨析 看从句缺不缺成分 1. 从句缺主语 / 缺宾语 → 必须用【关系代词：who/which/that】 2. 从句主谓宾齐全、语义完整 → 必须用【关系副词：when/where/why】 经典必考对比例句 ① This is the factory where I work.（work是不及物动词，从句完整→地点状语→where） ② This is the factory that/which I visited.（visit缺宾语→代词） ③ I remember the day when I joined the club.（句子完整→时间状语） ④ I remember the day that/which we spent together.（spent缺宾语→代词） 三、介词 + 关系代词（必修一拓展必考） 1. 结构：介词 + which / whom（绝对不接that/who） 2. 介词选择依据：看从句固定搭配 / 看先行词搭配 ✅ 例句：This is the person to whom I spoke just now.（speak to 固定搭配） ✅ 例句：This is the room in which I live.（live in 固定搭配） 四、三大特殊固定句型（期末满分必背） 1. The reason why...is that... ……的原因是…… 例：The reason why he failed is that he didn’t work hard. 2. The time when... ……的时刻/时间 3. The place where... ……的地方 五、易错 1. ❌ 错误：where/in which 连用、when/at which 连用（语义重复，考试零分） 2. ❌ 错误：reason后面乱用that，从句完整必须用why 3. ❌ 错误：看到place就用where，不分析从句成分（从句缺宾语必须用which/that） 4. ❌ 错误：whose只指人（重大误区，whose可指物） 5. ❌ 错误：关系副词作宾语（关系副词只能作状语） 六、必修一【定语从句】 1. 先行词是人、从句缺主语 → who / that 2. 先行词是人、从句缺宾语 → whom / that（可省） 3. 先行词是物、从句缺主宾 → which / that 4. 表“……的”（人/物通用）→ whose 5. 先行词地点、从句完整 → where 6. 先行词时间、从句完整 → when 7. 先行词reason、从句完整 → why 8. 介词后 → 只能用which / whom 9. 最高级、序数词、不定代词修饰 → 只用that 七．单元写作 语言文化博客 介绍中华文化、汉字发展、语言魅力，书写文化介绍类短文、博客 [基本框架] 1. 开头：引出中华文明与汉字这一主题 2. 主体：介绍汉字的发展历程、作用与文化意义 3. 结尾：表达文化自信与感悟 [常用词块] 1. ancient civilization 古老文明 2. writing system 文字体系 3. ups and downs 兴衰起伏 4. dialects and characters 方言与文字 5. pass down from generation to generation 代代相传 6. cultural heritage 文化遗产 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1. China is well-known for its splendid ancient civilization with a long history. 2. The Chinese writing system is a precious part of our cultural heritage. 3. As one of the oldest civilizations, Chinese culture has lasted for thousands of years. 4. It is the Chinese writing system that keeps our ancient civilization alive. 5. Today I would like to share the great charm of Chinese characters with you. 6. Few civilizations can continue into modern times like Chinese civilization. ★正文佳句（基础+高阶） 1. Despite countless ups and downs, our civilization has lasted until modern times. 2. Chinese people can communicate with each other by writing no matter what dialect they speak. 3. The Chinese writing system unites the whole nation and strengthens cultural identity. 4. Geographical division led to various dialects, yet written language remained unified. 5. The development of Chinese characters reflects the progress of our history and culture. 6. It is the writing system that serves as the bond of Chinese civilization. 7. Thousands of years of cultural treasures are recorded and passed down by characters. 8. The unique charm of Chinese language wins admiration from people worldwide. 9. The inheritance of writing system promotes the spread of traditional culture. 10. Different in oral dialects, Chinese people share the same written system. ★余味结尾 1. We should learn more about our culture and carry forward our fine traditions. 2. I feel extremely proud of our brilliant culture and writing system. 3. As teenagers, we have the duty to protect and promote traditional Chinese culture. 4. Chinese characters will continue to shine in the modern world. 5. Cultural confidence comes from the profound heritage of our civilization. 6. It is our responsibility to pass down our precious cultural heritage. 你将在校园英语论坛发布一篇博客，介绍中华文明与汉字体系的传承、发展与价值。词数100词左右。The Charm of Chinese Writing China is widely famous for its brilliant ancient civilization. Despite plenty of ups and downs in history, the civilization has continued into modern times. One main factor behind this is the Chinese writing system. As time went by, the system developed different forms due to geographical division, forming various dialects and characters. Even today, Chinese people across the country can still communicate smoothly in writing. Chinese characters are our valuable cultural treasure. As teenagers, we should learn to appreciate and protect our traditional culture. 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1.The main (目标) of the meeting is to discuss our study plan. 2.He expressed his (自信) that he would win the game. 3.With the teacher's help, I made great (进步) in my English. 4.Before choosing a major, it's important to (探索) different interests. 5.Some students (租用) bikes to save time on their way to school. 6.We should take (有效的) measures to improve our grades. 7.She felt (焦虑的) before the final exam. 8.The teacher asked us to (集中) on the key grammar points. 9.It is a big (挑战) to finish the project alone. 10.The classroom has a warm and friendly (氛围). 11.He has a (积极的) attitude towards every difficulty. 12.We must (尊重) different cultures and opinions. 13.The class (时间表) is full of interesting activities. 14.She is (坚定的) to pass the exam this time. 15.Too much (压力) can affect students' health. 16.We need to (提高) our reading speed before the exam. 17.The teacher gave us some useful (建议) on how to learn English. 18.He is (负责的) for organizing the class meeting. 19.We should (培养) good learning habits early. 20.The (目的) of this activity is to improve teamwork. 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.(2025 年全国一卷改编) But it's (amaze) how quickly you can adapt to high school life. 2.(2024・全国新高考 I 卷改编) But (equal) important is the mental health of students. 3.(2025 浙江首考卷改编) The shop offers clothes for students to (rent) rather than buy them directly. 4.(2025 年全国二卷改编) Last month, you agreed to write an article about school life, and we're all looking forward to (read) it. 5.(2025 年全国乙卷改编) The park is full of flowers and trees, just what you imagine in an (attract) school garden. 6.(必修一 Unit 1 改编) It is (challenge) to keep a balance between study and hobbies. 7.(必修一 Unit 2 改编) The teacher encouraged us (practice) speaking English every day. 8.(2024 年新高考 I 卷改编) He is used to (get) up early to memorize English words. 9.(必修一 Unit 3 改编) Too much (press) can make students feel anxious before exams. 10.(期末高频改编题) She felt (relax) after finishing all her homework. 11.(必修一 Unit 4 改编) The (major) of students in our class like learning English. 12.(2025 年全国一卷改编) The movie is very (move) and it teaches us the importance of friendship. 13.(必修一 Unit 5 改编) He is (interest) in learning about different cultures and traditions. 14.(期末模拟改编题) This problem requires (care) thinking and analysis. 15.(必修一 Unit 1 改编) Her (perform) in the English speech competition surprised everyone. 16.(教材改编题) It is (necessity) to take notes carefully in class. 17.(2024 年全国卷改编) He is a (talent) student who is good at both English and math. 18.(必修一 Unit 2 改编) I find it hard to (remember) all these new English words. 19.(期末改编题) The story is based on a (truth) event that happened in our school. 20.(必修一 Unit 3 改编) It is (importance) to keep a positive attitude towards study difficulties. 三、完成句子。 1.汤姆期盼着见到新来的交换生。 Tom is the new exchange student. 2.我和我的同学交流学习经验。 I learning experience my classmates. 3.我的爱好是跳舞和滑冰，我也喜欢阅读短篇小说。 My hobbies are , and I also enjoy reading short stories. 4.为了提高英语成绩，他每天坚持练习口语。 his English grades, he keeps practicing speaking every day. 5.我们应该保持积极的态度面对高中的挑战。 We should the challenges of high school. 6.她下定决心要实现她的大学梦想。 She her dream of going to university. 7.适应高中生活花了我整整一个学期。 It took me a whole semester . 8.我们都很期待即将到来的寒假。 We the coming winter vacation. 9.他对这次期末考试很有信心。 He the final exam this time. 10.我发现和新同学相处很容易。 I find it easy . 11.老师鼓励我们在课堂上大胆提问。 The teacher encouraged us in class. 12.我每天花半小时背英语单词。 I half an hour English words every day. 13.他的建议帮助我解决了学习上的难题。 His advice in my studies. 14.我们应该学会在压力下保持冷静。 We should learn . 15.参加英语角活动让我对英语学习更感兴趣。 made me more interested in learning English. 学科网（北京）股份有限公63 / 63 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 必修第一册 单元词汇短语句型梳理 Welcome Unit 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 59 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.exchange n. 交换；交流；vt. 交换；交流；交易；兑换 2.lecture n. 讲座；讲课；教训；vi.（开）讲座；讲课；vt. 训斥 3.register v.登记；注册 4.registration n. 登记；注册；挂号 5. nationality n. 国籍；民族 6. nation n. 国家；民族；国民 7.design adj. 十几岁的；青少年的 8.formal adj. 正式的；正规的 9. anxious adj. 焦虑的；不安的 10. annoyed adj. 恼怒的；生气的 11. annoy vt. 使恼怒；打扰 12.frightened adj. 惊吓的；害怕的 13.senior adj. 级别（或职位）高的；n. 较年长的人 14.impression n. 印象；感想 15.impress vt. 使钦佩；给……留下深刻的印象；vi. 留下印象；引人注目 16.concentrate vi. & vt. 集中（注意力）；聚精会神 17. experiment n. 实验；试验 18. awkward adj. 令人尴尬的；难对付的 19. junior adj. 地位（或职位）低级的；n. 职位较低者；（体育运动中）青少年 20.explore vt. & vi. 探索；勘探；探究 21. confident adj. 自信的；有把握的 22. organise (NAmE -ize) vt. 组织；筹备；安排；组建；vi. 组建；成立 23. strategy n. 策略；策划 24. improve vi. & vt. 改进；改善 25. curious adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 26. company n. 公司；商行；陪伴 27. personality n. 性格；个性 28. revise vt. & vi. 修改；修订；复习 二、单词拓展 1.exchange vt. & vi. 交换；交流；交易 → exchangeable adj. 可交换的；可兑换的 2.lecture n. 讲座；讲课；教训 vt. & vi. 开讲座；讲课；训斥 → lecturer n. 演讲者；讲师；讲课者 3.register vt. & vi. 登记；注册 → registration n. 登记；注册；挂号 → registered adj. 已注册的 4.sex n. 性别 → sexual adj. 性的；性别的 5.nation n. 国家；民族；国民 → national adj. 国家的；民族的；全国性的 → nationality n. 国籍；民族；族群 → nationalism n. 民族主义；国家主义 6.design n. 设计；设计方案 vt. 设计；筹划 → designer n. 设计者；设计师 7.formal adj. 正式的；正规的 → formally adv. 正式地；正规地→ informal adj. 非正式的；不拘礼节的 → informally adv. 非正式地；不拘礼节地 8.※ anxious adj. 焦虑的；不安的；渴望的 → anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；渴望 → anxiously adv. 焦虑地；不安地；急切地 9.annoy vt. 使恼怒；打扰 → annoyed adj. 恼怒的；生气的（修饰人）→ annoying adj. 令人恼怒的；讨厌的（修饰事物） → annoyance n. 恼怒；烦恼；烦扰的事 10.frighten vt. 使惊吓；使惊恐 → frightened adj. 受惊的；害怕的（修饰人）→ frightening adj. 令人恐惧的；可怕的（修饰事物）→ fright n. 惊吓；恐怖；可怕的东西 11.※impress vt. 使钦佩；给…… 留下深刻的好印象；使意识到 → impression n. 印象；感想；印记 → impressive adj. 令人赞叹的；给人深刻印象的 → 12.※concentrate vi. & vt. 集中（注意力）；聚精会神 → concentration n. 专心；专注；集中 → concentrated adj. 集中的；浓缩的；全神贯注的 13.confident adj. 自信的；有把握的 → confidence n. 信心；信任；把握 → confidently adv. 自信地 14.explore vt. & vi. 探索；勘探；考察 → exploration n. 探索；勘探；考察 → explorer n. 探险家；勘探者；探测器 → exploratory adj. 探索性的；考察的 15.organise vt. 组织；筹备；安排 vi. 组建；成立 → organised adj. 有组织的；有条理的；安排有序的 → organisation n. 组织；团体；机构 → organiser n. 组织者；筹备者；主办单位 16.strategy n. 策略；策划；战略 → strategic adj. 战略的；策略性的；关键的 → strategically adv. 战略上；策略上；关键地 17.※improve vi. & vt. 改进；改善；提高 → improvement n. 改进；改善；提高 → improved adj. 改进的；改良的；提高的 18.※curious adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的；奇特的→ curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲；奇物→ curiously adv. 好奇地；奇怪地；不寻常地 19.company n. 公司；商行；陪伴→ companion n. 同伴；伙伴→ companionship n. 友谊；陪伴 20.personality n. 性格；个性→ personal adj. 个人的；私人的→ personally adv. 就个人而言；亲自 → person n. 人 21.style n. 方式；作风；风格→stylish adj. 时髦的；流行的→stylist n. 造型师；设计师 22.revise vt. & vi. 修改；修订；复习→ revision n. 修订；复习；修改本→ review vt. & n. 复习；回顾；评论 三、常考单词 1. impress vt. 使钦佩；给…… 留下深刻的好印象 背重点 背写作佳句 1) impress sb. with sth. 用某事给某人留下深刻印象 2) be impressed by/with 对…… 印象深刻 3) impression n. 印象；感想 4) impressive adj. 令人赞叹的；给人深刻印象的 make/leave a good impression on sb. 给某人留下好印象 the first impression 第一印象 ① I was deeply impressed by the school's beautiful campus and friendly teachers.（自我介绍 / 申请信）我对学校美丽的校园和友好的老师印象深刻。 ② The impressive opening ceremony left a lasting impression on every student.（读后续写 / 记叙文）令人赞叹的开学典礼给每位学生都留下了持久的印象。 2.concentrate vi. & vt. 集中（注意力）；聚精会神 背重点 背写作佳句 1) concentrate on (doing) sth. 集中注意力于（做）某事 2) concentration n. 专心；专注 3) concentrated adj. 集中的；浓缩的；全神贯注的 ① To improve my study efficiency, I learned to concentrate fully on my homework.为了提高学习效率，我学会了全神贯注地写作业。 ② Concentrating on his book, the boy didn't notice the teacher come in.男孩全神贯注地看书，没注意到老师进来了。 3. confident adj. 自信的；有把握的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be confident about/of sth. 对某事有信心2) confidence n. 信心；信任 3) confidently adv. 自信地 固定搭配： build up confidence 建立自信 lose confidence 失去信心 ① With the teacher's encouragement, I became more confident in speaking English.（自我介绍 / 记叙文）在老师的鼓励下，我对说英语变得更自信了。 ② She walked to the stage confidently, ready to give her speech.（读后续写 / 场景描写）她自信地走向舞台，准备发表演讲。 4.improve vi. & vt. 改进；改善；提高 背重点 背写作佳句 1) improvement n. 改进；改善 2) improve on/upon 对…… 做出改进 3) improve oneself 提升自己 ① To improve my English, I keep a diary and read aloud every morning.为了提高英语，我每天写日记并大声朗读。 ② With the teacher's help, his math grades improved greatly in a month.（记叙文 / 成长故事）在老师的帮助下，他的数学成绩一个月内大幅提高。 5. anxious adj. 焦虑的；不安的；渴望的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) anxiety n. 焦虑；担心 2) anxiously adv. 焦虑地；急切地 3) be anxious about/for 为…… 担忧 4) be anxious to do 渴望做某事 ①I felt anxious about my first day of high school, but everyone was so friendly.我对高中第一天感到焦虑但每个人都很友好。 ② The boy waited anxiously outside the classroom for his exam results.男孩在教室外焦急地等待考试结果。 6.annoy vt. 使恼怒；打扰 背重点 背写作佳句 1) annoyed adj. 恼怒的；生气的（修饰人）2) annoying adj. 令人恼怒的；讨厌的 3) be annoyed with sb. (at/by sth.) 对某人 / 某事生气 ①I was annoyed with myself for forgetting my textbook on the first day.第一天忘了带课本，我对自己很生气。 ②The annoying noise outside kept me awake all night.外面恼人的噪音让我一整晚都没睡着。 7.organise vt. 组织；筹备；安排 背重点 背写作佳句 1) organised adj. 有组织的；有条理的 2) organisation n. 组织；机构 3) organise a meeting/activity 组织会议 / 活动 ①I helped organise the welcome party for new students, which was a great success.我帮忙组织了新生欢迎派对，活动非常成功。 ②The teacher organised the students into groups for the project.老师把学生分成小组来完成项目 8. explore vt. & vi. 探索；勘探；考察 背重点 背写作佳句 1) exploration n. 探索；勘探 2) explorer n. 探险家；探索者 3) explore new ideas/opportunities 探索新想法 / 机会 ①High school is a great time to explore different subjects and find your interests.高中是探索不同学科、找到自己兴趣的好时机。 ②Curious about the old building, the two boys decided to explore it.出于对旧建筑的好奇，两个男孩决定去探索一番。 9. curious adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲 2) curiously adv. 好奇地；奇怪地 3) be curious about 对…… 好奇 ① Curious about everything around me, I asked my teacher many questions in the first week.（记叙文 / 校园生活）第一周我对周围的一切都充满好奇，向老师问了很多问题。 ② The little boy looked curiously at the strange box on the desk.（读后续写 / 动作描写）小男孩好奇地看着桌上那个奇怪的盒子。 10.revise vt. & vi. 修改；修订；复习 背重点 背写作佳句 1) revision n. 修订；复习；修改本 2) revise for exams 为考试复习 3) revise a plan/essay 修改计划 / 文章 ① I need to revise my notes carefully before the final exam.（学习计划 / 倡议书）期末考试前我需要认真复习笔记。 ② After getting the teacher's feedback, she revised her speech again and again.（记叙文 / 成长故事）收到老师的反馈后，她一遍又一遍地修改演讲稿。 11. personality n. 性格；个性 背重点 背写作佳句 1) personal adj. 个人的；私人的 2) personally adv. 就个人而言；亲自 3) develop one's personality 培养个性 ① I believe a positive personality helps us get along well with others.（议论文 / 观点表达）我相信积极的性格能帮助我们和他人友好相处。 ② The teacher encouraged us to show our true personalities in class.（记叙文 / 校园生活）老师鼓励我们在课堂上展现真实的个性。 12. company n. 公司；商行；陪伴 背重点 背写作佳句 1) companion n. 同伴；伙伴 2) companionship n. 友谊；陪伴 3) keep sb. company 陪伴某人 ① My deskmate kept me company when I felt lonely on the first day.（记叙文 / 校园生活） 第一天我感到孤独时，同桌一直陪着我。 ② The dog became her constant companion after she moved to the city.（读后续写 / 情感描写） 搬到城里后，这只狗成了她忠实的伙伴。 13. register vt. & vi. 登记；注册 背重点 背写作佳句 1) registration n. 登记；注册；挂号 2) register for a course 注册课程 3) register at the school 在学校报到 ① I registered for the school's English club as soon as the semester began.（记叙文 / 校园生活） 学期一开始，我就注册了学校的英语俱乐部。 ② The registration process for new students was simple and efficient.（介绍学校 / 说明文） 新生注册流程简单又高效。 14.revise vt. & vi. 修改；修订；复习 背重点 背写作佳句 1) revision n. 修订；复习；修改本 2) revise for exams 为考试复习 3) revise a plan/essay 修改计划 / 文章 ① I need to revise my notes carefully before the final exam.（学习计划 / 倡议书）期末考试前我需要认真复习笔记。 ② After getting the teacher's feedback, she revised her speech again and again.（记叙文 / 成长故事）收到老师的反馈后，她一遍又一遍地修改演讲稿。 15. frighten vt. 使惊吓；使惊恐 背重点 背写作佳句 1) frightened adj. 受惊的；害怕的（修饰人）2) frightening adj. 令人恐惧的；可怕的（修饰事物） 3) be frightened of 害怕…… ① I was frightened by the loud thunder during the storm.（记叙文 / 情绪描写） 暴风雨时，巨大的雷声吓到了我。 ② The frightening sound made the children hide behind their mother.（读后续写 / 场景描写） 那个可怕的声音让孩子们躲到了妈妈身后。 16. exchange vt. & vi. 交换；交流 n. 交换；交流 背重点 背写作佳句 1) exchange A for B 把 A 换成 B 2) exchange ideas/information 交流想法 / 信息 3) in exchange for 作为交换 ① We students often exchange learning methods to improve together.（学习生活） 我们学生经常交流学习方法，共同进步。 ② I exchanged my old book with him for a new pen.（日常活动）我用旧书和他换了一支新钢笔。 17.nation n. 国家；民族 背重点 背写作佳句 1) national adj. 国家的；民族的 2) nationality n. 国籍 3) national flag 国旗 4) international adj. 国际的 ① We are proud of our nation's rapid development.（价值观 / 爱国）我们为国家的快速发展感到自豪。 ② All the students come from different nationalities.（校园介绍）所有学生来自不同国籍。 18.design vt. 设计；筹划 n. 设计 背重点 背写作佳句 1) designer n. 设计者；设计师 2) be designed for 为…… 而设计 3) be designed to do 旨在做；目的是 ① The school library is designed for students' reading and study.（校园介绍） 学校图书馆是为学生阅读和学习设计的。 ② This course is designed to improve our basic skills.（学习介绍）这门课旨在提高我们的基本技能。 四．单元短语 1. at last 终于；最终 2. make an impression 留下好印象 3. concentrate on 集中精力于 4. leave ... alone 不打扰；不惊动 5. look forward to 盼望；期待 6. take notes 记笔记 7.what if 要是....会怎么样呢 8.flash card 教学卡片；识字卡 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：what if 引导的假设句 【教材】What if no one talks to me? 要是没人和我说话怎么办？ 2. 句式：find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 【教材】I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. 我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好、乐于助人。 3. 句式：more…than… 比较级结构 【教材】I feel much more confident than I felt this morning. 我现在比早上感觉自信多了。 4. 句式：动名词短语作主语 【教材】Dancing and skating are my hobbies, and I also like to read short stories. 跳舞和滑冰是我的爱好，我也喜欢读短篇故事。 5. 句式：never…without… 双重否定结构 【教材】You'll never see me without a book or a pen. 你永远看不到我手里没有书或笔的样子。 6. 句式：不定式作表语 【教材】My dream is to start my own IT company. 我的梦想是创办自己的 IT 公司。 六．单元语法 英语五大基本句型（Basic Sentence Structures） 一、语法概述 英语所有句子都由五大基本句型构成，复杂长句也是在这五种基础上叠加定语、状语、从句演变而来。 句子成分缩写。 二、五大句型 句型分类 核心说明 典型例句 主谓 谓语动词为不及物动词，后面不能直接接宾语，可搭配状语 1. The sun rises.（太阳升起） 2. They laughed loudly.（他们大声欢笑） 主系表 系动词连接主语和表语，表语描述主语身份、特征、状态 1. She is a nurse.（她是一名护士） 2. The flower smells sweet.（这花闻起来很香） 主谓宾 谓语动词为及物动词，后接动作的承受对象（宾语） 1. We learn English.（我们学习英语） 2. He loves music.（他热爱音乐） 主谓双宾 间接宾语多为人，直接宾语多为物；可转换为 S+Vt+DO+to/for+IO 1. Mom gave me a gift.（妈妈送了我一份礼物） 2. She bought him a book.（她给他买了一本书） 主谓宾补 补足语用来补充说明宾语的状态、动作或身份 1. We keep the room clean.（我们保持房间整洁） 2. I found the game interesting.（我觉得这个游戏很有趣） 重点考点：使役动词 make/let/ have + 宾语 + 省 to 不定式 He made me laugh. （主动语态省 to） I was made to laugh. （被动语态必须加 to） 三、难点突破 ①不及物动词（happen, arrive, appear）不能接宾语，无被动； ②系动词后接形容词，不用副词； ③双宾结构注意 to/for 的固定搭配； ④使役动词主动省 to，被动加 to，高频考点。 七．单元写作 个人简介 介绍个人基本信息、性格、兴趣爱好与人生目标，用于课堂自我介绍、校园档案写作作文。 时态应以现在时为主，人称以第一人称为主。 [基本框架] 开头：问候+简单自我介绍 主体：介绍性格特点、兴趣爱好与日常习惯 结尾：表达交友意愿与对高中生活的期待 [常用词块] 1. easy-going and outgoing 随和开朗 2. develop one's hobbies 培养爱好 3. devote spare time to 把业余时间投入到…… 4. broaden one's horizons 开阔眼界 5. have a passion for 酷爱…… 6. look forward to doing sth 期待做某事 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1. I'm delighted to stand here and introduce myself to all of you. 2. It's my great pleasure to be a member of this new class. 3. Hello everyone! I feel honored to have the chance to introduce myself. 4. As a new member of the class, I'd like to tell you something about myself. 5. Entering senior high school, I feel extremely excited to meet all my new classmates. 6. It is a great privilege for me to join this big new family. ★正文佳句 1. I have a wide range of hobbies which enrich my daily life. 2. Reading not only brings me joy but also helps me gain knowledge. 3. I am warm-hearted and always ready to give a hand to people in need. 4. Sports keep me energetic and help me relax after busy study. 5. I stick to my hobbies in my free time, which makes my life colorful. 6. Being an active teenager, I take part in various after-school activities. 7. What makes me special is my positive attitude towards life. 8. I hold the belief that hobbies can shape a better version of myself. 9. Constant reading enables me to think independently and broaden my horizons. 10. I am willing to challenge myself and explore more possibilities in high school. ★余味结尾 1. I sincerely hope we can get along well and make progress together. 2. I'm eager to make new friends and enjoy the coming senior high school life. 3. I believe we will become good friends and create wonderful memories here. 4. I'm looking forward to sharing the next three years with all of you. 5. With joint efforts, we are bound to have a fruitful high school life. 6. I hope we can support each other and grow together in the days ahead. 假设你是高一新生，英语老师要求你写一篇英文自我介绍，向全班同学介绍自己的性格、爱好以及未来的理想。词数100词左右。 Hello everyone!I'm glad to introduce myself here. My name is Li Hua. I am an easy-going and outgoing boy who is always ready to help others. In my spare time, I have a passion for dancing and skating. Besides, I devote most of my free time to reading, because good books can broaden my horizons. My biggest dream is to run my own IT company in the future. I feel really excited to start my senior high school journey. I hope we can get along well and make progress side by side. Thank you! Unit 1 Teenage Life 一、核心单词 1.teenage adj. 十几岁的（指 13 至 19 岁）；青少年的 2.teenager n. （13 至 19 岁之间的）青少年 3.volunteer n. 志愿者；v. 自愿做；义务做 4.debate n. 辩论；争论；vi. & vt. 辩论；争论 5.prefer vt. 较喜欢；更喜欢 6.content n. 内容；目录；主题；adj. 满意的；满足的 7.suitable adj. 合适的；适用的 8.actually adv. 事实上；的确 9.challenge n. 挑战；艰巨任务；vt. 怀疑；向…… 挑战 10.confuse vt. 使糊涂；使迷惑 11.fluent adj. （尤指外语）流利的；熟练的 12.graduate vi. & vt. 毕业；获得学位；n. 毕业生 13.recommend vt. 建议；推荐；介绍 14.advance n. 前进；发展；vi. 前进；发展；vt. 发展；促进 15.literature n. 文学；文学作品 16.extra adj. 额外的；附加的 17.obviously adv. 显然；明显地 18.quit vi. & vt. 离开（职位、学校等）；停止；戒掉 19.responsible adj. 负责的；有责任的 20.responsibility n. 责任；义务 21.schedule n. 工作计划；日程安排；vt. 安排；预定 22.editor n. 主编；编辑；编者 23.adventure n. 冒险；奇遇 24.survival n. 生存；幸存；幸存事物 25.expert n. 专家；行家；adj. 熟练的；内行的；专家的 26.behaviour n. 行为；举止 27.generation n. 一代（人） 28.attract vt. 吸引；引起…… 的注意（或兴趣） 29.focus vi. & vt. 集中（注意力、精力等）；（使）调节焦距；n. 中心；重点；焦点 30.addicted adj. 有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的 31.addict n. 对…… 入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人 32.adult n. 成年人；adj. 成年的；成熟的 学科网（北京）股份有限公17 / 59 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二、单词拓展 1.teenage adj. 十几岁的；青少年的 → teenager n. 青少年 2.volunteer n. 志愿者；v. 自愿做 → voluntary adj. 自愿的；志愿的 3.debate v./n. 辩论；争论 → debatable adj. 可争辩的；有争议的 4.prefer vt. 较喜欢 → preference n. 偏爱；偏好 → preferable adj. 更可取的 5.content adj. 满意的；满足的 → contented adj. 心满意足的 6.move v. 移动 → movement n. 运动；活动 → moving adj. 动人的；令人感动的 7.suit v. 适合 → suitable adj. 合适的；适用的 → unsuitable adj. 不合适的 8.actual adj. 实际的 → actually adv. 事实上；的确 9.challenge n./v. 挑战 → challenging adj. 挑战性的；考验能力的 → challenger n. 挑战者 10.confuse vt. 使糊涂；使迷惑 → confusing adj. 令人困惑的（修饰事物） → confused adj. 感到困惑的（修饰人） → confusion n. 困惑；混乱 11.fluent adj. 流利的；熟练的 → fluently adv. 流利地 → fluency n. 流利；流畅 12.graduate v. 毕业；获得学位 → graduation n. 毕业 → graduate n. 毕业生 13.recommend vt. 建议；推荐 → recommendation n. 推荐；建议 14.advance n./v. 前进；发展 → advanced adj. 高级的；先进的 → advancement n. 进步；发展 15.literature n. 文学；文学作品 → literary adj. 文学的；文学上的 → literate adj. 有读写能力的16.obvious adj. 明显的 → obviously adv. 显然；明显地 17.responsibility n. 责任；义务 → responsible adj. 负责的；有责任的 → irresponsible adj. 不负责任的 18.solve v. 解决 → solution n. 解决办法；答案 19.schedule n./v. 计划；安排 → scheduled adj. 预定的；排定的 20.attract vt. 吸引；引起注意 → attractive adj. 有吸引力的；诱人的 → attraction n. 吸引力；景点 21.focus v./n. 集中；焦点 → focused adj. 专注的 22.addict n. 入迷的人；v. 使上瘾 → addicted adj. 上瘾的；入迷的 → addictive adj. 使人上瘾的 → addiction n. 上瘾；沉溺 23.adult n. 成年人 → adulthood n. 成年；成年期 24.act v. 行动；行为 → action n. 行为；行动 → active adj. 活跃的；积极的 → activity n. 活动 25.survive v. 生存；幸存 → survival n. 生存；幸存 → survivor n. 幸存者 26.expert n. 专家；行家 → expertise n. 专业知识 三、常考单词 1. prefer vt. 更喜欢 背重点 背写作佳句 1) prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 2) prefer doing A to doing B 比起做 B 更喜欢做 A 3) preference n. 偏爱；偏好 ①I prefer reading books to playing computer games in my spare time.（兴趣爱好 / 自我介绍）比起玩电脑游戏，我更喜欢在空闲时间看书。 ②She prefers to walk rather than take the bus to school.（生活习惯 / 记叙文）她宁愿走路也不愿坐公交车上学。 2. suitable adj. 合适的；适用的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be suitable for 适合…… 2) be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事 3) suit v. 适合；使满意 ①This course is suitable for students who want to improve their spoken English.（课程介绍 / 申请信） 这门课适合想提高英语口语的学生。 ②The job is not suitable for him because he has no patience.（议论文 / 观点表达） 这份工作不适合他，因为他没有耐心。 3.challenge n. & vt. 挑战；质疑 背重点 背写作佳句 1) challenging adj. 有挑战性的 2) face/meet a challenge 面对挑战 3) take on a challenge 接受挑战 ① Starting high school is a new challenge, but I am ready for it.（自我介绍 / 议论文） 升入高中是一个新挑战，但我已经准备好了。 ② The challenging task pushed us to work together and find a solution.（读后续写 / 团队合作） 这个富有挑战性的任务促使我们一起努力，找到了解决方案。 4.confuse vt. 使糊涂；使迷惑 背重点 背写作佳句 1) confused adj. 糊涂的；迷惑的（修饰人） 2) confusing adj. 令人困惑的；难懂的（修饰事物） 3) confusion n. 困惑；混乱 ①I felt confused about the new rules at first, but the teacher explained them clearly.（记叙文 / 校园生活）一开始我对新规则感到困惑，但老师解释得很清楚。 ②The confusing problem took me a long time to work out.（学习场景 / 记叙文）这个令人困惑的问题花了我很长时间才解决。 5. fluent adj. 流利的；熟练的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) fluently adv. 流利地；流畅地 2) fluency n. 流利；流畅 3) speak fluent English 说流利的英语 ①I hope to speak English fluently by the end of high school.（学习计划 / 目标表达） 我希望到高中毕业时能说一口流利的英语。 ②The student spoke so fluently that everyone was impressed.（记叙文 / 场景描写） 那个学生说得非常流利，给所有人都留下了深刻印象。 6.graduate vi. & vt. 毕业；获得学位 背重点 背写作佳句 1) graduate from 从…… 毕业 2) graduation n. 毕业；毕业典礼 3) graduate student 研究生 ①My sister will graduate from university next year and start her dream job.（记叙文 / 家庭生活） 我姐姐明年就要大学毕业了，将开始她理想的工作。 ②After graduation, he decided to travel around the country.（记叙文 / 成长故事）毕业后，他决定环游全国。 7. recommend vt. 建议；推荐；介绍 背重点 背写作佳句 1) recommend sb. sth. = recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物 2) recommend doing sth. 建议做某事 3) recommend that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事（虚拟语气） ①The teacher recommended us to read more English novels to improve our reading skills.（学习建议 / 倡议书） 老师建议我们多读英文小说来提高阅读能力。 ②I would highly recommend this book to anyone who loves history.（推荐类作文 / 议论文） 我强烈推荐这本书给所有喜欢历史的人。 8. advanced adj. 高级的；高等的；先进的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) advance v. 前进；发展；促进 n. 进步；进展 2) in advance 提前；预先 3) advanced technology 先进技术 ①The school offers advanced courses to help students prepare for college.（申请信 / 介绍学校） 学校提供高级课程，帮助学生为大学做准备。 ②We booked the tickets in advance to avoid the last-minute rush.（记叙文 / 计划描写） 我们提前订了票，避免了临时的匆忙。 9. focus vi. & vt. 集中（注意力、精力等）；（使）调节焦距 n. 中心；重点；焦点 背重点 背写作佳句 1) focus on (doing) sth. 集中注意力于（做）某事 2) focus one's attention on 把注意力集中在…… 上 ① To pass the exam, I need to focus more on my weak subjects.（学习计划 / 倡议书） 为了通过考试，我需要更多地关注我的薄弱科目。 ② She focused on the book, ignoring the noise around her.（读后续写 / 动作细节） 她全神贯注地看书，无视周围的噪音。 10.attract vt. 吸引；引起…… 的注意（或兴趣） 背重点 背写作佳句 1) attraction n. 吸引力；吸引人的事物 2) attractive adj. 有吸引力的；迷人的 3) be attracted to 喜爱 ① The beautiful campus attracted many students to apply for the school.（申请信 / 介绍学校） 美丽的校园吸引了许多学生申请这所学校。 ② I was attracted to the painting the moment I saw it.（记叙文 / 兴趣爱好） 我一看到那幅画就被它吸引了。 11. quit vi. & vt. 离开（工作职位、学校等）；停止；戒掉 背重点 背写作佳句 1) quit doing sth. 停止做某事 2) quit school 辍学 3) quit smoking 戒烟 ① He decided to quit playing games and focus on his studies.（成长故事 / 记叙文） 他决定戒掉游戏，专心学习。 ② It is difficult to quit smoking, but many people succeed with strong willpower.（议论文 / 健康话题） 戒烟很难，但很多人凭借坚强的意志成功了。 12. responsible adj. 有责任的；负责的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be responsible for 对…… 负责 2) responsibility n. 责任；义务 3) take responsibility for 承担……的责任 ① As a monitor, I am responsible for organizing class activities.（自我介绍 / 申请信） 作为班长，我负责组织班级活动。 ② Parents should teach their children to take responsibility for their actions.（议论文 / 观点表达） 父母应该教育孩子为自己的行为负责。 13.schedule n. 工作计划；日程安排 vt. 安排；预定 背重点 背写作佳句 1) on schedule 按预定时间；准时 2) ahead of schedule 提前 3) be scheduled to do sth. 预定做某事 ① I make a daily schedule to balance my study and hobbies.（学习计划 / 倡议书） 我制定了每日计划来平衡学习和爱好。 ② The meeting is scheduled to start at 3 o'clock this afternoon.（通知 / 说明文） 会议定于今天下午 3 点开始。 14.editor n. 主编；编辑；编者 背重点 背写作佳句 1) edit vt. 编辑；校订 2) edition n. 版本；版次 3) chief editor 主编 ① I want to become an editor for the school newspaper in the future.（自我介绍 / 目标表达） 我将来想成为校报的编辑。 ② The editor made some changes to the article before it was published.（记叙文 / 场景描写） 文章发表前，编辑对它做了一些修改。 15. survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；幸免于难 背重点 背写作佳句 1) survival n. 生存；幸存 2) survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 3) survive on 靠…… 生存 ① It is amazing that the small plant can survive in such dry conditions.（说明文 / 科普话题） 这种小植物能在如此干燥的环境中生存，真是令人惊叹。 ② He was the only one who survived the terrible car accident.（读后续写 / 记叙文） 他是那场可怕车祸中唯一的幸存者。 16. debate n. & vi. & vt. 辩论；争论 背重点 背写作佳句 1) debate with sb. about/on sth. 和某人就某事辩论 2) hold a debate 举行辩论 3) open to debate 有待讨论 ① We will hold a class debate about whether students should use smartphones.（校园活动 / 记叙文） 我们将举行一场关于学生是否应该使用智能手机的班级辩论。 ② They debated for hours but still couldn't reach an agreement.（记叙文 / 场景描写） 他们争论了几个小时，但仍未能达成一致。 四．单元短语 1. prefer ... to ... 比起…… 更喜欢……终于；最终 2. be suitable for 适合…… 3. sign up for (sth.) 报名（参加课程） 4. be responsible for 对…… 负责 5. be attracted to 被…… 吸引；喜爱 6. focus on 集中（注意力、精力等）于；特别关注 7.addicted to 对…… 很入迷；沉迷于 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：动名词作主语 【教材】Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge. 从初中到高中是一项真正的巨大挑战。 2. 句式：which 引导宾语从句 【教材】First, I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take. 首先，我必须非常认真地考虑我想选哪些课程。 3. 句式：recommend that… (should)… 虚拟语气结构 【教材】My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I'm good at it. 我的指导老师建议我报名高级文学课，因为我喜欢英语而且擅长它。 4. 句式：so that 引导目的状语从句 【教材】I'll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year. 我会自己想办法提高，这样明年就能进队了。 5. 句式：It is + adj. + for sb to do sth 句型 【教材】It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world. 你们这一代青少年被电脑游戏和网络世界吸引并不罕见。 6. 句式：动名词作主语 + makes it + adj. + to do sth 结构 【教材】But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. 但花太多时间上网是不健康的，也会让你很难专注于生活中的其他事情。 六．单元语法 名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语 一、语法概述 短语是由多个单词构成、在句中充当单一句子成分的语言单位。本单元重点三大短语：名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语，是长句写作、阅读理解拆分句子的基础。 二、名词短语 Noun Phrase 定义：以名词为中心词，前后加修饰词构成的短语，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。 完整构成公式 限定词 + 描绘形容词 + 特征形容词 + 名词 + 后置定语 限定词：a/an/the, my, your, this, that, some, many 后置定语：介词短语、分词、定语从句 结构拆解 & 例句 a beautiful young girl （冠词 + 形容词 + 名词） the book on the desk （冠词 + 名词 + 介词短语作后置定语） 句子成分应用 作主语：The tall boy is my deskmate. 作宾语：I like colorful flowers. 考点：名词短语单复数、主谓一致。 三、形容词短语 Adjective Phrase 定义：以形容词为中心，前面可加程度副词修饰，整体作定语、表语、宾补。 基本结构：程度副词 + 形容词 常用程度副词：very, quite, so, too, extremely, really 用法分类 1）作表语（放在系动词后） She is very happy. The movie is so moving. 2）作定语（修饰名词，前置） an extremely difficult problem 一道极难的题 3）作宾语补足语 We found the room quite quiet. 拓展：形容词 + 介词 构成固定形容词短语 be afraid of 害怕；be proud of 自豪；be busy with 忙于 四、副词短语 Adverb Phrase 定义：以副词为中心，加修饰词构成，在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、整句话。 结构：程度副词 + 副词 功能与例句 1）修饰动词（动作方式、时间、地点） He runs very fast. She speaks English clearly. 2）修饰形容词 / 另一副词 She is much taller than me. 3）修饰整个句子（评论、态度） Luckily, we caught the bus. 常见副词短语 again and again 反复地；now and then 偶尔；here and there 到处 七．单元写作 建议信 针对高中生活适应、选课、时间管理、网络使用等问题，书写建议信 [基本框架] 1. 开头：获悉对方困扰，表达理解并引出写信目的 2. 主体：分条给出针对性建议，辅以理由 3. 结尾：表达祝愿，鼓励对方积极面对 [常用词块] 1. adapt to senior high school life 适应高中生活 2. sign up for courses 报名选课 3. balance study and relaxation 劳逸结合 4. concentrate on 专注于 5. stay away from 远离 6. make adjustments 做出调整 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1. I'm sorry to hear that you are having difficulty adapting to your new school life. 2. Knowing you are troubled by high school study, I'd like to offer some practical advice. 3. Learning that you feel stressed recently, I'm writing to give you some useful suggestions. 4. I totally understand your trouble, so here are my tips for you. 5. It is common for new students to feel puzzled when entering a new environment. 6. Faced with new challenges, you are not alone and I am always here to support you. ★正文佳句（基础+高阶） 1. You should think carefully before choosing courses and pick ones that suit your strengths. 2. It is wise to arrange your time properly and avoid spending too much time online. 3. Taking part in after-school activities can help you relax and make more friends. 4. Making a daily plan is an effective way to manage your study well. 5. Don't be too anxious. It takes time to get used to a totally new environment. 6. As the teacher advised, choose courses based on your interest and advantages. 7. Only by balancing study and rest can you improve your learning efficiency. 8. It is highly recommended that you set clear goals for your high school study. 9. Reducing screen time allows you to focus more on your academic tasks. 10. Active communication with teachers and classmates will help you fit in faster. ★余味结尾 1. I believe you will soon get used to the new life as long as you keep trying. 2. Wish you every success in your study and daily life. 3. If you meet with other problems, feel free to turn to me for help. 4. Stay positive and I'm convinced that you will solve all the problems. 5. I hold the firm belief that you will embrace a wonderful high school life. 6. May you overcome all difficulties and make steady progress in the future. 你的好友Jack升入高中后难以适应新环境，面临选课纠结、学习压力大、沉迷网络等问题。请你给他写一封建议信，提出合理建议并给予鼓励。词数100词左右。 Dear Jack, I'm sorry to hear that you have trouble adapting to senior high school life. Here are some useful suggestions for you. First of all, think carefully and sign up for courses that match your interests and strengths. Secondly, make a reasonable daily plan to balance study and relaxation. What's more, do not get addicted to online games, which will affect your study and concentration. I hope my advice can be of great help to you. Keep positive and you will get through the hard time soon. Yours, Li Hua Unit 2 Travelling Around 一、核心单词 1.apply vi. & vt. 申请；请求；应用；涂（油漆、乳剂） 2.rent vt. 租用；出租；vi. 租用；租金为；n. 租金 3.pack vi. & vt. 收拾（行李）；装；n. （商品的）纸包；纸袋；大包 4.amazing adj. 令人惊奇的；令人惊喜的 5.arrange vt. 安排；筹备；vi. 安排 6.extremely adv. 极其；非常 7.source n. 来源；出处 8.narrow adj. 狭窄的；窄的；vt. & vi. （使）变窄 9.flat adj. 平坦的；扁平的；n. 公寓；单元房 10.powerful adj. 强有力的；有权势的；有影响力的 11.site n. 地点；位置；现场 12.official adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的；n. 官员；要员 13.recognise vt. 辨别出；承认；认可 14.accommodation n. 住处；停留处；膳宿 15.unique adj. 唯一的；独特的；特有的 16.destination n. 目的地；终点 17.admire vt. 钦佩；赞赏 18.architecture n. 建筑设计；建筑学 19.contact vt. 联络；联系；n. 联系；接触 20.soldier n. 士兵；军人 21.transport n. 交通运输系统；vt. 运输；运送 22.convey vt. 表达；传递 23.economy n. 经济；节约 24.credit n. 借款；信用；称赞；学分 25.detail n. 细节；详情 26.request n. （正式或礼貌地）要求；请求；vt. （正式或礼貌地）要求；请求 27.unearth vt. 挖掘；发掘 28.comment n. 议论；评论；vi. & vt. 发表意见；评论 二、单词拓展 1.apply vt. & vi. 申请；请求；应用 → application n. 申请；应用 → applicant n. 申请人 → applied adj. 应用的；实用的 2.rent vt. & vi. 租用；出租 → rental n. 租金；租赁 adj. 租赁的；租用的 → rented adj. 租入的 3.pack vi. & vt. 收拾（行李）；装 → package n. 包裹；包装盒 vt. 将…… 包装好 → packed adj. 挤满的；塞满的 4.amaze vt. 使惊奇；使惊喜 → amazing adj. 令人惊奇的；令人惊喜的 → amazed adj. 感到惊奇的；惊讶的 → amazement n. 惊奇；惊喜 5.arrange vt. 安排；筹备 → arrangement n. 安排；筹备；布置 → arranged adj. 安排好的；布置好的 6.extreme adj. 极度的；极端的 → extremely adv. 极其；非常 7.narrow adj. 狭窄的；窄的 vt. & vi. （使）变窄 → narrowly adv. 勉强地；狭隘地 8.power n. 力量；权力 vt. 驱动；提供动力 → powerful adj. 强有力的；有权势的 → powerless adj. 无力的；无权的 9.empire n. 帝国 → emperor n. 皇帝 → imperial adj. 帝国的；皇帝的 10.office n. 办公室；官职 → official adj. 官方的；正式的 n. 官员；要员 → officially adv. 官方地；正式地 11.recognise vt. 辨别出；承认；认可 → recognition n. 认出；承认；认可 → recognised adj. 公认的；认可的 → recognisable adj. 可辨认的；可认出的 12.type n. 类型；种类 vi. & vt. 打字 → typist n. 打字员 → typed adj. 打印的；打字的 13.accommodate vt. 提供住宿；容纳 → accommodation n. 住处；停留处；膳宿 14.unique adj. 唯一的；独特的；特有的 → uniquely adv. 独特地；唯一地 → uniqueness n. 独特性；唯一性 15.admire vt. 钦佩；赞赏 → admiration n. 钦佩；赞赏；羡慕 → admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的 16.architect n. 建筑师；设计师 → architecture n. 建筑设计；建筑学 → architectural adj. 建筑学的 17.civil adj. 公民的；国内的 → civilise vt. 使文明；教化 → civilisation n. 文明；文明世界 18.transport vt. 运输；运送 → transportation n. 交通运输系统；运输 → transporter n. 运输者；运输工具 19.economy n. 经济；节约 → economic adj. 经济（上）的；经济学的 → economical adj. 节约的；经济的 20.credit n. 借款；信用；称赞；学分 → credible adj. 可信的；可靠的 → credibility n. 可信性；可靠性 21.detail n. 细节；详情 → detailed adj. 详细的；细致的 22.view n. 视野；景色；看法 vt. 观看；看待 → viewer n. 观众；观看者 → viewpoint n. 观点；看法 23.sight n. 景象；视野；视力 → sightseeing n. 观光；游览 → sighted adj. 看得见的；有视力的 24.comment vi. & vt. 发表意见；评论 n. 议论；评论 → commentator n. 评论员；解说员 → commentary n. 评论；解说词 三、常考单词 1. apply vi. & vt. 申请；请求；应用 背重点 背写作佳句 1) apply for sth. 申请某物 / 某事 2) apply to do sth. 申请做某事 3) apply A to B 把 A 应用于 B 4) apply oneself/one's mind to sth. 专心致志于某事 5) application n. 申请；应用 6) applicant n. 申请人 ① I plan to apply for a summer internship at a local travel agency to gain experience.（申请信 / 个人规划）我计划申请当地一家旅行社的暑期实习，以积累经验。 ② The new technology can be applied to many different fields to improve efficiency.（说明文 / 议论文）这项新技术可以应用于许多不同领域，以提高效率。 2. rent vt. 租用；出租；vi. 租用；租金为；n. 租金 背重点 背写作佳句 1) rent sth. from sb. 向某人租某物 2) rent sth. to sb. 把某物租给某人 3) for rent 出租；招租 4) pay the rent 付租金 ① I rented a small apartment near the university to save time on commuting.我在大学附近租了一间小公寓，以节省通勤时间。 ② The landlord agreed to lower the rent if I signed a one-year contract.房东同意如果我签一年的合同就降低租金。 3.amaze vt. 使惊奇；使惊喜 背重点 背写作佳句 1) amazing adj. 令人惊奇的；令人惊喜的（修饰事物） 2) amazed adj. 感到惊奇的；惊讶的（修饰人） 3) be amazed at/by 对…… 感到惊讶 4) amazement n. 惊奇；惊喜 ① I was amazed by the amazing architecture of the ancient castle.我对这座古堡令人惊叹的建筑感到惊奇。 ② To my amazement, the local guide knew every detail of the history.（记叙文 / 旅行经历）令我惊讶的是，当地导游对这段历史的每一个细节都了如指掌。 4.arrange vt. 安排；筹备；vi. 安排 背重点 背写作佳句 1) arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事 2) arrange to do sth. 安排做某事 3) arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事 4) arrangement n. 安排；筹备；布置 ①The travel agency arranged for a private tour guide to show us around the city.旅行社安排了一名私人导游带我们游览城市。 ②We need to make some arrangements for the school trip next week.我们需要为下周的学校旅行做一些安排。 5. contact vt. 联络；联系；n. 联系；接触 背重点 背写作佳句 1) contact sb. 联系某人 2) keep in contact with sb. 与某人保持联系 3) lose contact with sb. 与某人失去联系 ① You can contact me by email if you have any questions about the trip plan.（通知 / 应用文） 如果你对旅行计划有任何问题，可以通过电子邮件联系我。 ② After graduating, it's important to keep in contact with your old friends.（议论文 / 观点表达） 毕业后，和老朋友保持联系很重要。 6. admire vt. 钦佩；赞赏 背重点 背写作佳句 1) admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人 2) admiration n. 钦佩；赞赏；羡慕 3) admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的 ① I admire my deskmate for her courage and determination to face challenges.（记叙文 / 人物描写） 我钦佩同桌面对挑战的勇气和决心。 ② The visitors stopped to admire the beautiful view from the top of the mountain.（读后续写 / 景物描写） 游客们停下来欣赏山顶的美景。 7. detail n. 细节；详情 背重点 背写作佳句 1) in detail 详细地 2) detailed adj. 详细的；细致的 3) go into detail(s) 详细叙述 ① The guide explained the history of the temple in great detail to the tourists.（记叙文 / 旅行） 导游向游客们详细地讲解了这座寺庙的历史。 ② The detective examined every detail of the scene to find clues.（读后续写 / 情节描写） 侦探检查了现场的每一个细节以寻找线索。 8. view n. 视野；景色；看法 vt. 观看；看待 背重点 背写作佳句 1) come into view 进入视野；被看见 2) in view of 鉴于；考虑到 3) view ... as ... 把…… 看作…… 4) viewer n. 观众；观看者 ①As we climbed higher, the whole city came into view.（读后续写 / 景物描写） 我们爬得越高，整座城市就越清晰地呈现在眼前。 ②Different people may view the same problem from different angles.（议论文 / 观点表达） 不同的人可能会从不同的角度看待同一个问题。 9. request n. （正式或礼貌地）要求；请求 vt. （正式或礼貌地）要求；请求 背重点 背写作佳句 1) request sth. from sb. 向某人请求某物 2) request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 3) make a request 提出请求 ①All visitors are requested to show their passports at the entrance.（通知 / 应用文）所有游客都需在入口处出示护照。 ②The singer's fans made a request for her to sing her most popular song.（记叙文 / 场景描写）歌手的粉丝们请求她演唱她最受欢迎的歌曲。 10.comment n. 议论；评论 vi. & vt. 发表意见；评论 背重点 背写作佳句 1) comment on/upon sth. 对某事发表评论 2) make comments on sth. 评论某事 ①Many people took to social media to comment on the new travel policy.（议论文 / 观点表达）许多人在社交媒体上对新的旅行政策发表评论。 ②The teacher refused to comment on the student's grades in public.（记叙文 / 场景描写）老师拒绝公开评论学生的成绩。 11. pack vi. & vt. 收拾（行李）；装；n. （商品的）纸包；纸袋；大包 背重点 背写作佳句 1) pack up 收拾行李；打包 2) pack into 挤进；塞进 3) be packed with 挤满；塞满 ① I spent the whole afternoon packing up my suitcase for the trip.（记叙文 / 旅行准备）我花了整个下午收拾旅行的行李。 ② The train was packed with tourists during the holiday season.（读后续写 / 场景描写）假期期间，火车上挤满了游客。 12. narrow adj. 狭窄的；窄的 vt. & vi. （使）变窄 背重点 背写作佳句 1) narrowly adv. 勉强地；险些；狭隘地 2) narrow down 缩小；限制 3) a narrow escape 死里逃生 ①We walked along a narrow path through the forest to reach the lake.我们沿着一条狭窄的小路穿过森林，来到湖边。 ②The car narrowly missed hitting a pedestrian on the busy street.汽车在繁忙的街道上险些撞到行人。 13.recognise (recognize) vt. 辨别出；承认；认可 背重点 背写作佳句 1) recognise sb./sth. (as ...) 认出某人 / 某物（为……） 2) recognise one's voice/face 认出某人的声音 / 脸 3) recognition n. 认出；承认；认可 ①I recognised my old friend the moment I saw her at the airport.我在机场一见到她，就认出了我的老朋友。 ②The organisation is widely recognised as a leader in environmental protection.该组织被广泛认为是环境保护领域的领导者。 14.unique adj. 唯一的；独特的；特有的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be unique to 为…… 所特有 2) uniquely adv. 独特地；唯一地 3) uniqueness n. 独特性 ①The ancient town has a unique style of architecture that you can't find anywhere else.（说明文 / 景物描写）这座古镇有着别处找不到的独特建筑风格。 ②Each student has a unique way of learning, so we should respect their differences.（议论文 / 观点表达）每个学生都有独特的学习方式，所以我们应该尊重他们的差异。 15.flight n. 空中航行；航班；航程 背重点 背写作佳句 1) take a flight 乘飞机 2) catch/miss a flight 赶上 / 错过航班 3) direct flight 直飞航班 ①We took an early morning flight to Paris to save time for sightseeing.（记叙文 / 旅行） 为了节省观光时间，我们乘坐了清晨飞往巴黎的航班。 ②Because of the bad weather, our flight was delayed for three hours.（读后续写 / 旅行场景） 由于天气恶劣，我们的航班延误了三个小时。 16.credit n. 借款；信用；称赞；学分 背重点 背写作佳句 1) on credit 赊账；信用 2) a credit card 信用卡 3) to one's credit 值得赞扬的是 ① To his credit, he refused to take credit for the team's success.（记叙文 / 人物描写）值得赞扬的是，他拒绝把团队的成功归功于自己。 ② Many students use credit cards to pay for their daily expenses at college.（议论文 / 观点表达）许多大学生用信用卡支付日常开销。 17.convey vt. 表达；传递 背重点 背写作佳句 1) convey one's feelings/thoughts 表达感情 / 想法 2) convey a message 传递信息 ① A look can sometimes convey more meaning than a thousand words.（议论文 / 观点表达） 有时一个眼神能传达比千言万语更多的含义。 ② She sent a gift to convey her thanks to the teacher.（记叙文 / 情感描写）她送了一份礼物来向老师表达感谢。 四．单元短语 学科网（北京）股份有限公22 / 59 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. apply for 申请 2. take control of 控制；接管 3. other than 除…… 以外 4. check in （在旅馆、机场等）登记 5. check out 结账离开（旅馆等） 6. come into view 进入视野；被看见 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：It is…that… 强调句 【教材】It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru. 正是因为这个原因，西班牙语才是秘鲁的主要官方语言。 2. 句式：spend time doing sth 结构 【教材】You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. 然后你可以花三天时间，在当地向导的带领下游览雨林，欣赏雨林特有的动植物。 3. 句式：现在分词作结果状语 【教材】Each statue has a different face, leading researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier. 每尊雕像都有不同的面孔，这让研究人员相信每一尊都是真实士兵的复制品。 六．单元语法 现在进行时表将来 一、语法核心定义 现在进行时（am/is/are + 现在分词doing）除了表示此时此刻正在发生的动作外，还可专门用于表示已经提前计划、安排妥当、确定实施的近期将来动作。核心本质：人为安排、已定计划、短期内即将发生，不是临时想法。 二、严格适用三大必备条件（缺一不可） 想要使用现在进行时表将来，必须同时满足以下三个条件，缺一即判定用法错误： 1. 动作已提前规划、安排完毕：不是临时起意，是提前敲定的日程、行程、活动安排（如订好车票、约好时间、确定活动）。 2. 句中带有明确的将来时间状语：必须有时间限定，体现“近期将要发生”。 高频时间状语清单：tomorrow, tonight, this morning/afternoon/weekend, next week, next Sunday, soon, in the coming days, during the holiday 3. 动词仅限动态动作类动词：静态动词无此用法（终极禁忌）。 三、可用动词清单 能够用于「现在进行时表将来」的动词只有两类 1. 位移动词（出行、往返类·最高频） go去、come来、leave离开、arrive到达、fly飞行、move 搬迁、start出发、return返回、take off起飞 2. 活动计划类动词（日程、活动安排类） visit 参观、travel 旅行、stay 逗留、play 参加（活动）、meet 会面、attend 出席、join 参加、take part in 参与、have 举行（活动） ✅ 标准正确例句： ① We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.（车票已定，行程安排完毕） ② She is attending a meeting this afternoon.（会议提前报名安排） 四、绝对禁用动词 所有静态动词，一律不能用进行时表将来，无例外！ 静态动词清单（表状态、心理、所属、认知）： know 知道、understand 理解、believe 相信、like 喜欢、love 热爱、hate 讨厌、want 想要、need 需要、belong to 属于、have（拥有）、prefer 偏爱 ❌ 错误：I am knowing the result tomorrow. ✅ 正确：I will know the result tomorrow. 五、三大将来时态 1. will do（一般将来时） 核心用法：临时决定、瞬间想法、无提前计划、客观预测、主观意愿承诺 场景：当下突发想法、临时答应、无安排的未来 例句：— I'm thirsty. — Iwill buy you some water.（现场临时决定） 2. be going to do 核心用法：主观打算、个人意向、有迹象将要发生 场景：心里有计划，但未落实安排；有客观迹象预示即将发生 例句：I am going to study abroad next year.（只是个人打算，未落实手续） Look at the dark clouds! It is going to rain.（天气迹象） 3. be doing（现在进行时表将来） 核心用法：已敲定、已安排、板上钉钉的近期计划 场景：车票、住宿、报名、时间全部确定，不会轻易更改 例句：I am flying to Guangzhou this Sunday.（机票已买，行程确定） 六、句式结构变化（否定、疑问、回答·完整全覆盖） 1. 肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + doing + 将来时间状语 They are having a party tonight. 2. 否定句：主语 + am/is/are + not + doing + 时间状语 They are not having a party tonight. 3. 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + doing + 时间状语？ — Are you going on a trip this weekend? — Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + doing？ When are you leaving? 七、易错点 1. 无需时间状语的特殊情况 上下文语境明确是既定安排时，可省略时间状语，依然表将来。 例句：I'm busy! I am meeting my teacher.（语境体现即将发生） 2. 瞬间动词无将来进行时叠加 位移动词本身用进行时即表将来，无需再加will，避免重复。 ❌ will be leaving tomorrow（冗余错误） ✅ am leaving tomorrow（标准正确） 3. 只用于近期将来，不用于遥远未来 该用法仅适用于近期、短期安排，明年、后年等遥远计划不适用，需用be going to / will。 七．单元写作 旅行计划/旅游介绍 介绍旅行目的地、行程安排、当地特色风光与文化，书写旅行计划或景点介绍。 时态应以现在时为主，人称以第一人称为主。 [基本框架] 1. 开头：点明推荐地点与写信缘由 2. 主体：介绍行程安排、自然景观、人文特色 3. 结尾：表达期待，预祝旅途愉快 [常用词块] 1. tourist attraction 旅游胜地 2. natural scenery 自然风光 3. local culture and customs 当地文化与风俗 4. explore the scenery 游览风光 5. be famous for 因……闻名 6. unique features 独特风貌 [常用语句]） ★精彩开头 1. Hearing that you will travel to China this summer, I'd like to recommend a fantastic place to you. 2. I'm writing to introduce my travel plan and a famous scenic spot to you. 3. Learning you are planning a trip to China, I can't wait to share my advice with you. 4. It's great to know you will pay a visit to China during the summer vacation. 5. Knowing that you are fond of cultural scenery, I strongly recommend this city. 6. I feel delighted to serve as your guide and introduce a charming tourist spot. ★正文佳句（基础+高阶） 1. This place is well-known for its amazing natural scenery and long history. 2. We can spend several days exploring local sights and experiencing traditional culture. 3. You can enjoy breathtaking views and taste delicious local traditional food here. 4. A local guide will show us around and tell us stories about the place. 5. The ancient buildings here fully reflect the local history and traditions. 6. It is for its rich culture that this city attracts countless visitors every year. 7. The combination of natural beauty and ancient culture makes the place unique. 8. Travelling here enables you to gain a deeper understanding of local customs. 9. We will take part in various cultural activities to enrich our journey. 10. Every corner of the city is worth exploring and will leave you a deep impression. ★余味结尾 1. I'm convinced that you will have an unforgettable trip here. 2. I can't wait to travel with you and share beautiful moments together. 3. I believe the unique scenery and culture will leave a deep impression on you. 4. Wish you a pleasant and rewarding journey in China. 5. This wonderful journey will definitely be one of your most precious memories. 6. I am looking forward to your arrival and our wonderful trip. 你的外国笔友Peter计划暑假来中国旅行，请你给他推荐一处景点，并介绍你的出行安排、当地特色与游玩活动。词数100词左右。 Dear Peter, Hearing that you will come to China for a trip this summer, I strongly recommend Xi'an to you, a city famous for its long history and splendid culture. We can spend three days visiting local tourist attractions. We will admire the Terracotta Army and walk around ancient city walls. We can also taste traditional local food and experience ancient culture. Every sight here has its unique charm. I believe you will fall in love with this city. Wish you a wonderful journey! Yours, Li Hua Unit 3 Sports And Fitness 一、核心单词 1.event n. 比赛项目；大事；公开活动 2.host vt. 主办；主持；n. 主人；东道主；节目主持人 3.track n. 跑道；足迹；铁路轨道；vt. & vi. 追踪；跟踪 4.sweat vt. 使出汗；出汗弄湿；vi. 出汗；流汗；n. 汗水；出汗 5.legend n. 传奇故事（或人物）；传说 6.athlete n. 运动员；运动健儿 7.master n. 高手；主人；vt. 精通；掌握 8.honour n. 荣誉；尊敬；荣幸 9.glory n. 荣誉；光荣；赞美 10.medal n. 奖章；勋章 11.championship n. 锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号 12.champion n. 冠军；优胜者 13.determination n. 决心；决定 14.injure vt. 使受伤；损害 15.injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的 16.injury n. 伤害；损伤 17.captain n. （运动队）队长；船长；机长 18.graceful adj. 优美的；优雅的 19.strength n. 力量；体力 20.failure n. 失败；失败的人（或事物） 21.compete vi. 竞争；对抗 22.pretend vi. & vt. 假装；装扮 23.cheat vi. 作弊；舞弊；vt. 欺骗；蒙骗；n. 欺骗手段；骗子 24.audience n. 观众；听众 25.positive adj. 积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的 26.diet n. 规定饮食；日常饮食；vi. 节食 27.rather adv. 相当；有点儿 28.stress n. 压力；紧张；重音；vt. 强调；重读；使焦虑不安；vi. 焦虑不安 29.error n. 错误；差错 二、单词拓展 1.compete vi. 竞争；对抗 → competition n. 竞争；比赛 → competitor n. 竞争者；对手 → competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的 2.pretend vi. & vt. 假装；装扮 → pretended adj. 假装的；徒有外表的 → pretence n. 假装；虚伪 3.cheat vi. 作弊；舞弊；vt. 欺骗；蒙骗；n. 欺骗手段；骗子 → cheater n. 骗子；作弊者 4.positive adj. 积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的 → positively adv. 积极地；肯定地 → positivity n. 积极性；乐观 5.stress n. 压力；紧张；重音；vt. 强调；重读；使焦虑不安；vi. 焦虑不安 → stressed adj. 焦虑不安的；紧张的 → stressful adj. 压力大的；紧张的 6.injure vt. 使受伤；损害 → injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的 → injury n. 伤害；损伤 7.determine vt. 确定；决定；测定 → determination n. 决心；决定 → determined adj. 坚定的；有决心的 8.grace n. 优雅；恩惠；vt. 使优美；使增光 → graceful adj. 优美的；优雅的 → gracefully adv. 优雅地9.strong adj. 强壮的；坚固的；强烈的 → strength n. 力量；体力 → strengthen vt. 加强；增强 10.fail vi. 失败；未能；vt. 使失望；不及格 → failure n. 失败；失败的人（或事物） 11.honour n. 荣誉；尊敬；荣幸；vt. 尊敬；给予荣誉 → honourable adj. 光荣的；可敬的 12.glory n. 荣誉；光荣；赞美 → glorious adj. 光荣的；辉煌的；极好的 → gloriously adv. 光荣地；辉煌地 13.champion n. 冠军；优胜者 → championship n. 锦标赛；冠军称号 → championed vt. 支持；拥护 14.apart adv. 分离；分开；成碎片→ part v. 分开；分离 15.athlete n. 运动员；运动健儿 → athletic adj. 运动的；健壮的 16.master n. 高手；主人；vt. 精通；掌握 → mastery n. 精通；掌握 → masterful adj. 熟练的；掌控的 17.legend n. 传奇故事（或人物）；传说 → legendary adj. 传奇的；著名的 18.host vt. 主办；主持；n. 主人；东道主；节目主持人 → hostess n. 女主人；女主持人 19.event n. 比赛项目；大事；公开活动 → eventful adj. 多事的；重大的 → eventual adj. 最终的；结果的 三、常考单词 1. compete vi. 竞争；对抗 背重点 背写作佳句 1) compete with/against sb. for sth. 为某事与某人竞争 2) compete in sth. 参加…… 比赛 / 竞争3) competition n. 竞争；比赛 4) competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的 ①To stay competitive in the job market, we need to keep learning new skills.（议论文 / 说明文）为了在就业市场保持竞争力，我们需要不断学习新技能。 ② She decided to compete in the national speech competition to challenge herself.（记叙文 / 成长主题）她决定参加全国演讲比赛，挑战自我。 2. stress n. 压力；紧张；重音 vt. 强调；重读；使焦虑不安 背重点 背写作佳句 1) under stress 在压力下 2) reduce/relieve stress 缓解压力 3) stress the importance of... 强调…… 的重要性 4) stressed adj. 焦虑不安的；紧张的 5) stressful adj. 压力大的；紧张的 ① Many students feel stressed before exams, so it's important to find healthy ways to relax.（说明文 / 议论文）许多学生在考试前感到压力，因此找到健康的放松方式很重要。 ② The teacher stressed that teamwork is the key to completing the project successfully.（记叙文 / 议论文）老师强调，团队合作是成功完成项目的关键。 3. injure vt. 使受伤；损害 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be injured in... 在…… 中受伤 2) injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的 3) injury n. 伤害；损伤 4) do injury to sb./sth. 伤害某人 / 某物 ① The player was badly injured during the match and had to leave the field.（记叙文 / 体育主题）这名球员在比赛中严重受伤，不得不离场。 ② Drinking too much alcohol will do injury to your health over time.（议论文 / 健康主题）长期过量饮酒会损害你的健康。 4.determine vt. 确定；决定；测定 背重点 背写作佳句 1) determine to do sth. 决心做某事 2) be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事 3) determination n. 决心；决定 4) determined adj. 坚定的；有决心的 ① Determined to win the championship, the team trained every day after school.（记叙文 / 体育 / 成长主题）这支队伍决心赢得冠军，每天放学后都训练。 ② Your attitude often determines whether you can overcome difficulties.（议论文 / 人生主题）你的态度往往决定了你能否克服困难。 5. fail vi. 失败；未能 vt. 使失望；不及格 背重点 背写作佳句 1) fail to do sth. 未能做某事 2) fail in sth. 在…… 中失败 / 不及格 3) failure n. 失败；失败的人 / 事物 4) without fail 必定；一定 ① Don't be afraid to fail, because every failure teaches us a valuable lesson.（议论文 / 成长主题）不要害怕失败，因为每一次失败都能给我们宝贵的教训。 ② He failed to finish the task on time, which made his boss very angry.（记叙文 / 职场 / 校园主题）他没能按时完成任务，这让他的老板非常生气。 6.pretend vi. & vt. 假装；装扮 背重点 背写作佳句 1) pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 2) pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事 3) pretend that... 假装…… ①The child pretended to be asleep when his mother came into the room.当妈妈走进房间时，这个孩子假装睡着了。 ②He pretended not to know the answer, but in fact he had studied hard.（记叙文 / 校园主题）他假装不知道答案，但实际上他学习很努力。 7. positive adj. 积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be positive about... 对…… 持乐观态度 2) stay positive 保持积极乐观 3) positive attitude 积极的态度 4) positively adv. 积极地；肯定地 ①A positive attitude can help us deal with challenges more easily. 积极的态度能帮助我们更轻松地应对挑战。 ②The feedback from the teacher was very positive, which encouraged me a lot.（记叙文 / 成长主题）老师的反馈非常积极，给了我很大的鼓励。 8. error n. 错误；差错 背重点 背写作佳句 1) make an error 犯错误 2) correct an error 纠正错误 3) by error 错误地；无意中 4) erroneous adj. 错误的；不正确的 ①Everyone makes errors, but the key is to learn from them.（议论文 / 成长主题）每个人都会犯错，但关键是从中吸取教训。 ②The computer program crashed due to a small error in the code.由于代码中的一个小错误，电脑程序崩溃了。 9. diet n. 规定饮食；日常饮食 vi. 节食 背重点 背写作佳句 1) go on a diet 节食；减肥 2) balanced diet 均衡饮食 3) keep a healthy diet 保持健康饮食 4) dietary adj. 饮食的；与饮食相关的 ① It's important to keep a balanced diet if you want to stay healthy.如果你想保持健康，保持均衡饮食很重要。 ② She decided to go on a diet and exercise more to get fit.她决定节食并多运动来保持身材。 10.honor n. 荣誉；尊敬；荣幸 vt. 尊敬；给予荣誉 背重点 背写作佳句 1) in honor of 为纪念……；向…… 致敬 2) have the honor of doing sth. 有幸做某事 3) feel honored to do sth. 很荣幸做某事 4) honourable adj. 光荣的；可敬的 ① A special party was held in honour of the retiring teacher.为了向退休老师致敬，学校举办了一场特别的派对。 ② I feel greatly honored to be invited to speak at this meeting.（应用文 / 演讲稿）能被邀请在本次会议上发言，我感到非常荣幸。 11.strength n. 力量；体力；优点 背重点 背写作佳句 1) build up one's strength 增强体力 2) have the strength to do sth. 有力量做某事 3) strength and weaknesses 优缺点 4) strengthen vt. 加强；增强 ①Regular exercise helps build up your strength and improve your health.（说明文 / 健康主题）规律锻炼有助于增强体力并改善健康。 ②It's important to know your own strengths and weaknesses when choosing a career.（议论文 / 职业规划）在选择职业时，了解自己的优缺点很重要。 12. apart adv. 分离；分开；成碎片 背重点 背写作佳句 1) fall apart 破裂；崩溃；散架 2) take apart 拆开；拆卸 3) apart from 除了…… 之外（还有 / 没有） 4) tell A and B apart 区分 A 和 B ① Their relationship began to fall apart after the big argument.那场大争吵之后，他们的关系开始破裂。 ② Apart from some spelling mistakes, your composition is quite good.（应用文 / 评语）除了一些拼写错误，你的作文写得相当不错。 13.recognise (recognize) vt. 辨别出；承认；认可 背重点 背写作佳句 1) recognise sb./sth. (as ...) 认出某人 / 某物（为……） 2) recognise one's voice/face 认出某人的声音 / 脸 3) recognition n. 认出；承认；认可 ①I recognised my old friend the moment I saw her at the airport.我在机场一见到她，就认出了我的老朋友。 ②The organisation is widely recognised as a leader in environmental protection.该组织被广泛认为是环境保护领域的领导者。 14.determine vt. 确定；决定；测定 背重点 背写作佳句 1) determine to do sth. 决心做某事 2) be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事 3) determination n. 决心；决定 4) with determination 坚定地；有决心地 ① With great determination, she finally achieved her dream of becoming a doctor.（记叙文 / 成长主题）凭借坚定的决心，她最终实现了成为一名医生的梦想。 ② The weather will determine whether we can have the sports meeting outdoors.（说明文 / 校园主题）天气将决定我们能否在户外举办运动会。 四．单元短语 1.come along 跟随；到达；进步；赶快 2.track and field 田径 3.work out 锻炼；计算出；解决 4.make it 获得成功；准时到达 5.set an example 树立榜样 6.fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃 7.lose heart 丧失信心；泄气 8.give up 放弃；投降 9.make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚 10.pretend to do sth 假装做某事 11.even if/though 即使；虽然 12.make a difference 有作用或影响 13.rather than 而不是 14.cut … out 停止做（或使用、食用）；剪下 15.now and then 有时；偶尔 16.compare … with/to … 与…… 比较 17.push-up 俯卧撑 学科网（北京）股份有限公37 / 60 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：who 引导定语从句 【教材】The player who became known as 'Air Jordan' changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps. 这位被称为 “飞人乔丹” 的球员，用他优雅的动作和跳跃改变了篮球运动。 2. 句式：even though 引导让步状语从句 【教材】I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible. 我一直想长得像电视上那些苗条的女孩，尽管我知道这是不可能的。 3. 句式：and 连接的并列句 【教材】Finally, I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body. 最后，我不再拿自己和女演员、模特比较，也不再挑自己脸蛋或身材的毛病了。 六．单元语法 反意疑问句 Tag questions 一、核心公式与口诀 口诀：前肯后否、前否后肯；时态一致、主语一致、助动词一致 基础结构：肯定陈述句+否定尾句 / 否定陈述句+肯定尾句 二、必考特殊情况 1. 隐形否定词规则 句含：never, hardly, seldom, little, few, no, none, nobody, nothing, rarely 整句视为否定句，尾句用肯定 例句：He seldom eats breakfast, does he? 2. 不定代词主语规则 事物不定代词（everything/nothing/anything/something）→ 尾句主语用it 人物不定代词（everyone/everybody/someone/no one）→ 尾句主语用they 3. There be句型 直接对应be动词：There are many trees, aren't there? 4. 祈使句专属规则（必考陷阱） 普通祈使句（Open the door）→ will you? Let's do sth.（包含听话人）→ shall we? Let us do sth.（不包含听话人）→ will you? 5. must 双重考点 must表“必须、义务” → 尾句 mustn't must表“肯定推测（一定）” → 根据句中动词时态判定 6. 含宾语从句的反意疑问句 ① 主语为第一人称(I/we) + think/believe/suppose + 从句 → 尾句看从句 I think he is right, isn't he? ② 主语为二三人称 → 尾句看主句 He thinks you are right, doesn't he? 三、回答终极规则 完全按照客观事实回答，不看问句肯否！ — You didn't finish your homework, did you? — Yes, I did.（不，我做完了） — No, I didn't.（是的，我没做完） 七．单元写作 健康生活短文 反思生活习惯、探讨身心健康、倡导健康生活方式，写议论文/感悟类短文。 时态应以现在时为主，人称以第一/三人称为主。 [基本框架] 1. 开头：引出话题，点明身心健康的重要性 2. 主体：反思不良习惯，阐述健康生活的具体做法 3. 结尾：发出倡议，升华主题 [常用词块] 1. physical and mental health 身心健康 2. keep a balanced diet 保持均衡饮食 3. take regular exercise 坚持规律运动 4. form good living habits 养成良好生活习惯 5. stay optimistic 保持乐观心态 6. struggle with 为……困扰 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1. Nowadays, more and more people pay attention to their physical and mental health. 2. A healthy lifestyle plays an important role in our daily life. 3. As teenagers, we should attach great importance to our health condition. 4. Health is the foundation of all success and happy life. 5. In recent years, unhealthy lifestyles have become a common problem among students. 6. It is high time that we realized the importance of keeping healthy. ★正文佳句（基础+高阶） 1. We should not pay too much attention to appearance but focus on real health. 2. Proper exercise and a balanced diet are the keys to keeping fit. 3. I once compared myself with others, which brought me unnecessary pressure. 4. True beauty consists of health, confidence and a positive attitude towards life. 5. Regular exercise can relieve stress and keep us energetic in study and life. 6. A balanced diet provides us with enough energy to face daily challenges. 7. Only by keeping a healthy lifestyle can we enjoy a high-quality life. 8. Negative thoughts and blind comparison will do harm to our mental health. 9. It is necessary for us to develop healthy habits and get rid of bad lifestyles. 10. Maintaining a positive state of mind is equally important as physical health. ★余味结尾 1. Let's take action to develop a healthy lifestyle from now on. 2. Only when we keep healthy can we enjoy a happy and meaningful life. 3. A healthy lifestyle will benefit us for a lifetime. 4. It is never too late to change bad habits and pursue a healthier life. 5. Let's value our health and shape a better self through healthy habits. 6. I firmly believe health is the greatest wealth in our life. 学校英语刊物开展Healthy Lifestyle主题征文活动，请你结合自身经历，谈谈对健康生活的理解，并呼吁大家养成健康的生活习惯。词数100词左右。 Healthy Lifestyle Nowadays, health has become a hot topic among teenagers. I once cared too much about my appearance and compared myself with others, which made me feel upset. Gradually, I realized that true beauty lies in health and confidence. To keep healthy, we should keep a balanced diet and take regular exercise. Meanwhile, it is equally important to stay optimistic and learn to release pressure. Let's get rid of bad habits and develop a healthy lifestyle. A healthy body will bring us a brighter future. Unit 4 Natural Disasters 一、核心单词 1.disaster n. 灾难；灾害 2.flood n. 洪水；大量；vi. 淹没；大量涌入；vt. 使灌满水；淹没 3.rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援 4.damage vt. 损害；破坏；n. 损坏；损失 5.destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 6.death n. 死；死亡 7.affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 8.shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护；vt. 保护；掩蔽；vi. 躲避（风雨或危险） 9.crack n. 裂纹；裂缝；vi. & vt.（使）破裂 10.ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏 11.shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克；vt.（使）震惊 12.electricity n. 电；电能 13.trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套；n. 险境；陷阱 14.bury vt. 埋葬；安葬 15.breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸 16.revive vi. & vt. 复活；（使）苏醒 17.revival n. 振兴；复苏 18.effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 19.unify vi. & vt. 统一；（使）成一体 20.suffer vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦；vt. 遭受；蒙受 21.erupt vi. & vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出 22.supply n. 供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品；vt. 供应；供给 23.survive vi. 生存；存活；vt. 幸存；艰难度过 24.power n. 电力供应；力量；控制力 25.emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 26.sweep vt. & vi. (swept, swept) 打扫；清扫 27.strike vi. & vt. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打；n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 28.deliver vt. 递送；传送；传达；发表 29.effect n. 影响；结果；效果 二、单词拓展 1. disaster n. 灾难；灾害 → disastrous adj. 灾难性的；损失惨重的 2. flood n. 洪水；大量；vi. 淹没；大量涌入；vt. 使灌满水；淹没 → flooded adj. 被水淹没的 → flooding n. 洪水泛滥 3. rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援 → rescuer n. 救援者；救助者 4. damage vt. 损害；破坏；n. 损坏；损失 → damaged adj. 被损坏的 → damaging adj. 有破坏性的 5. destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 → destruction n. 破坏；毁灭 → destructive adj. 破坏性的；毁灭性的 6. evacuate vt. 疏散；撤出；vi. 撤离 → evacuation n. 疏散；撤离 7. affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 → effect n. 影响；效果；作用 → effective adj. 有效的；起作用的 8. crack n. 裂纹；裂缝；vi. & vt.（使）破裂 → cracked adj. 破裂的；破碎的 9. ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏 → ruined adj. 毁坏的；破败的 10. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克；vt.（使）震惊 → shocked adj. 震惊的；惊愕的 → shocking adj. 令人震惊的；可怕的 11. electricity n. 电；电能 → electric adj. 电的；电动的 → electrical adj. 电的；与电有关的 → electronic adj. 电子的 12. trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套；n. 险境；陷阱 → trapped adj. 被困住的；陷入困境的 13. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬 → burial n. 埋葬；葬礼 → buried adj. 埋葬的；隐藏的 14. breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸 → breath n. 呼吸；气息 → breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的；屏息的 15. revive vi. & vt. 复活；（使）苏醒 → revival n. 振兴；复苏 → revived adj. 复活的；复兴的 16. suffer vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦；vt. 遭受；蒙受 → suffering n. 痛苦；苦难 → sufferer n. 受难者；患者 17. erupt vi. & vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出 → eruption n. 爆发；喷发 → eruptive adj. 爆发的；喷发的 18. supply n. 供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品；vt. 供应；供给 → supplier n. 供应商；供应者 19. survive vi. 生存；存活；vt. 幸存；艰难度过 → survival n. 生存；幸存 → survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 20. power n. 电力供应；力量；控制力 → powerful adj. 强大的；有影响力的 → powerless adj. 无力的；无权的 21. emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 → emergent adj. 紧急的；突发的 22. calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的；vi. & vt. 使平静；使镇静 → calmly adv. 平静地；镇静地 → calmness n. 平静；镇静 23. strike vi. & vt. ( struck, struck/stricken ) 侵袭；突击；击打；n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 → striking adj. 显著的；惊人的 → striker n. 罢工者；打击者 24. deliver vt. 递送；传送；传达；发表 → delivery n. 递送；交付；分娩 → deliverer n. 递送者；演讲者 三、常考单词 1.disaster n. 灾难；灾害 背重点 背写作佳句 1) natural disaster 自然灾害 2) disaster relief 救灾；灾难援助 3) disastrous adj. 灾难性的；损失惨重的 ①Natural disasters like earthquakes and floods can destroy homes and lives in seconds.（说明文 / 议论文）地震、洪水等自然灾害能在瞬间摧毁家园与生命。 ②The local government sent teams to provide disaster relief immediately after the hurricane hit.（记叙文 / 新闻报道）飓风来袭后，当地政府立刻派出团队开展救灾工作。 2. rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援 背重点 背写作佳句 1) rescue sb. from... 从…… 中营救某人 2) come to one's rescue 前来营救某人 3) rescue team 救援队 ①The brave firefighters risked their lives to rescue people trapped in the burning building.勇敢的消防员冒着生命危险营救被困在着火大楼里的人们。 ②When the hiker got lost in the mountains, a rescue team was sent out to find him.当徒步者在山里迷路时，一支救援队被派出去寻找他。 3. damage vt. 损害；破坏；n. 损坏；损失 背重点 背写作佳句 1) do/cause damage to... 对…… 造成损害 2) suffer damage 遭受损失 3) damaged adj. 被损坏的 ①The heavy rain caused serious damage to the old bridge, so it had to be closed.暴雨对这座旧桥造成了严重损坏，因此它不得不被关闭。 ②Smoking can do great damage to your lungs, even if you only smoke a little.即使只是少量吸烟也会对你的肺部造成严重损害。 4.affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 背重点 背写作佳句 1) affect sb./sth. 影响某人 / 某物 2) be affected by... 被…… 影响 / 打动 3) effect n. 影响；效果 4) effective adj. 有效的 ①The long drought affected the growth of crops, leading to a poor harvest this year.长期的干旱影响了农作物的生长，导致今年收成不佳。 ②The touching story of the survivors deeply affected everyone who watched the documentary.幸存者们感人的故事深深打动了每个观看纪录片的人。 5. survive vi. 生存；存活；vt. 幸存；艰难度过 背重点 背写作佳句 1) survive on... 靠…… 生存 2) survive the disaster 在灾难中幸存 3) survival n. 生存；幸存 4) survivor n. 幸存者 ① Many plants and animals struggle to survive in the desert because there is so little water.（说明文 / 自然主题）因为缺水，许多动植物在沙漠中艰难求生。 ② She was the only passenger who survived the plane crash, which shocked the whole country.（记叙文 / 新闻报道）她是这次空难中唯一幸存的乘客，这件事震惊了全国。 6.suffer vi. 受苦；受折磨；vt. 遭受；蒙受 背重点 背写作佳句 1) suffer from... 遭受……；患…… 病 2) suffer pain/loss 遭受痛苦 / 损失 3) suffering n. 痛苦；苦难 ① Many people suffer from stress and anxiety in today's fast-paced society.（议论文 / 社会主题）在当今快节奏的社会中，许多人承受着压力和焦虑。 ② The town suffered great losses during the war, but people never gave up hope.（记叙文 / 历史主题）这座城镇在战争中遭受了巨大损失，但人们从未放弃希望。 7. calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的；vi. & vt. 使平静；使镇静 背重点 背写作佳句 1) calm down 平静下来；镇定下来 2) keep calm 保持冷静 3) calmly adv. 平静地；镇静地 ① When the earthquake happened, she tried to stay calm and told everyone to hide under the desks.（记叙文 / 校园场景）地震发生时，她努力保持冷静，告诉大家躲到桌子底下。 ② It is important to calm down and think clearly when you are in a dangerous situation.（议论文 / 生活智慧）身处险境时，冷静下来并清晰思考是非常重要的。 8. aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资；vt. 帮助；援助 背重点 背写作佳句 1) first aid 急救 2) come to one's aid 帮助某人 3) aid sb. in/with sth. 在某事上帮助某人 ① Knowing how to give first aid can save lives in an emergency.（说明文 / 生活技能）懂得如何实施急救能在紧急情况下挽救生命。 ② Many countries sent food and medical aid to the area hit by the earthquake.（说明文 / 国际援助）许多国家向地震受灾地区运送了食品和医疗援助物资。 9. destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 背重点 背写作佳句 1) destroy everything 毁掉一切 2) destruction n. 破坏；毁灭 3) destructive adj. 破坏性的 ①The big fire destroyed most of the houses in the village.这场大火烧毁了村里大部分房屋。 ②War brings nothing but pain and destruction.战争带来的只有痛苦与毁灭。 10.shock n. 震惊；休克；vt. 使震惊 背重点 背写作佳句 1) in shock 震惊；休克 2) shocked adj. 感到震惊的 3) shocking adj. 令人震惊的 ①The news of his death shocked the whole country.他离世的消息震惊了全国。 ②She was still in shock after the accident.事故发生后，她依旧惊魂未定。 11.bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be buried in… 埋头于；沉浸于 2) burial n. 埋葬；葬礼 3) buried adj. 被埋的 ①Many people were buried alive in the earthquake.地震中许多人被活活掩埋。 ②He buried himself in his work to forget the pain.他埋头工作，试图忘却痛苦。 12. breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸 背重点 背写作佳句 1) take a deep breath 深呼吸 2) breath n. 呼吸；气息 3) breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的 ① Take a deep breath and you will feel relaxed.深呼吸，你就会感到放松。 ② We were breathless after running up the stairs.跑上楼梯后，我们累得气喘吁吁。 13.supply n. 供应；补给；vt. 供应；供给 背重点 背写作佳句 1) supply sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 2) in short supply 供应不足 3) supplies n. 补给品 ① The factory supplies the market with fresh vegetables every day.这家工厂每天为市场供应新鲜蔬菜。 ② Food supplies are running out in the disaster area.灾区的食物补给即将耗尽。 四．单元短语 1.volcanic eruption 火山喷发 2.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛 3.in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 4.in shock 震惊；吃惊 5.in the open air 露天；在户外 6.first aid kit 急救箱 7.on hand 现有（尤指帮助） 8.sweep away 消灭；彻底消除 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：It seemed as if… 句型 【教材】It seemed as if the world was coming to an end. 仿佛世界末日即将来临。 2. 句式：who 引导定语从句 【教材】The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. 在地震中丧生或重伤的人数超过了 40 万。 3. 句式：be doing sth..... when 句型 【教材】I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我正和三个孩子吃早饭，这时水开始漫进我家。 六．单元语法 限制性定语从句 一、定语从句整体认知（必修一核心重难） 定语从句本质：用一个句子修饰名词/代词，相当于“超长形容词”。被修饰的名词/代词叫先行词，连接先行词和从句的词叫关系词。 高中定语从句分为：限制性定语从句（无逗号、不可删）、非限制性定语从句。 完整公式：先行词 + 关系代词 + 从句（缺成分） 核心判定口诀：从句缺主宾，必用关系代词 二、关系代词 1. who（指代人） ✅ 适用：先行词为人，从句中作主语、宾语 ✅ 句式特点：作主语绝对不能省略；作宾语可省略 ✅ 例句1（作主语，不可省）：The girl who helped me is my classmate. ✅ 例句2（作宾语，可省）：The teacher (who) you met just now is from Beijing. 2. whom（指代人） ✅ 适用：先行词为人，从句中只能作宾语 ✅ 语体特点：正式书面用语，口语中常用 who 替换 ✅ 必考细节：可与介词提前连用（期末拔高考点） ✅ 例句：The boy whom we talked about is good at swimming. ✅ 介词提前：The boy about whom we talked is good at swimming. 3. which（指代物） ✅ 适用：先行词为事物、动物，从句作主语、宾语 ✅ 句式特点：作主语不可省，作宾语可省 ✅ 例句1（主语）：The book which lies on the desk is useful. ✅ 例句2（宾语）：The movie (which) we watched last night was wonderful. 4. that（万能关系代词） ✅ 适用：可指代人、物，从句作主、宾 ✅ 优势：兼容性最强，多数基础题型可通用 ✅ 例句：The people that live nearby are very kind. 5.whose（满分超细讲解） ✅ 核心含义：表所属关系，翻译为“……的” ✅ 既可指人，也可指物（90%学生误区：以为只能指人） ✅ 固定结构：先行词 + whose + 从属名词 ✅ 句法功能：在从句中作定语，修饰后面名词 ✅ 指人例句：The student whose handwriting is excellent won the prize. ✅ 指物例句：I live in a house whose windows face the park. ✅ 等价替换（拔高考点）：whose + 名词 = of which + the + 名词 例：a tree whose leaves are green = a tree of which the leaves are green 三、只用that，不用which/who的规则 1. 先行词被最高级修饰：the best, the most beautiful 例：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 2. 先行词被序数词修饰：the first, the last, the second 例：He is the first student that finished the task. 3. 先行词被不定代词修饰或本身是不定代词：all, everything, nothing, anything, much, little, few 例：Everything that he said is true. 4. 先行词被all/every/no/any/much等修饰 例：All the stories that he told are funny. 5. 先行词既有人又有物（唯一固定用法） 例：We talked about the teachers and schools that we had visited. 6. 主句是以 who / which 开头的特殊疑问句（避免重复） 例：Who is the girl that is crying? 四、绝对不能用that的3种情况 1. 介词提前后，只能用 which/whom，不能用that ✅ The room in which I live is big. ❌ The room in that I live is big. 2. 非限制性定语从句（有逗号）不能用that 3. 先行词为专有名词、独一无二名词时，不用that 五、关系代词省略终极规则（百分百准确） 1. 关系代词（who/whom/which/that）在从句中作宾语 → 可以省略 2. 关系代词在从句中作主语 → 绝对不可省略（改错高频丢分点） ✅ 正确：The pen (that) I bought is new.（作宾语，可省） ❌ 错误：The pen that is on the desk new.（主语不可省，句子残缺） 六、易错辨析 误区1：分不清who和whom —— 记住：看从句内部成分，主语用who，宾语用whom 误区2：见到all就用which —— 固定规则：all修饰先行词只用that 误区3：随意省略主语关系代词 —— 主语绝不允许省略 误区4：介词提前依然用that —— 介词后只能用which/whom 七、基础做题万能步骤（秒杀单选、填空、改错） 1. 找先行词：判断是人 / 是物 2. 分析从句：缺主语？缺宾语？不缺成分？ 3. 套特殊规则：是否最高级、序数词、不定代词、人物共存 4. 确定关系词、判断是否可省略 七．单元写作 自然灾害记叙文 记叙自然灾害、突发事件的经历，描述事件过程、人们的互助与感悟 [基本框架] 1. 开头：点明事件、时间与背景 2. 主体：详细描述事发经过、现场状况与人们的救援行动 3. 结尾：抒发个人感悟与思考 [常用词块] 1. natural disaster 自然灾害 2. fall into ruins 沦为废墟 3. come to rescue 前来救援 4. work together 齐心协力 5. suffer from 遭受 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1. I still clearly remember the terrible natural disaster that happened on that cold day. 2. It was an experience that I will never forget for the rest of my life. 3. An unexpected disaster hit our area, leaving a deep impression on me. 4. The moment the disaster happened, I felt the power of nature and human unity. 5. It seemed as if the whole world was coming to an end at that moment. 6. I was going about my daily life when a sudden disaster took place. ★正文佳句（基础+高阶） 1. People were shocked and many buildings fell into ruins after the disaster. 2. Lots of volunteers came to offer help and rescue people in danger. 3. The disaster caused great damage to local houses and public facilities. 4. Despite the terrifying situation, people chose to stay calm and help each other. 5. Rescue workers spared no effort to save people trapped in the disaster. 6. The whole community united as one to fight against the natural disaster. 7. Many people suffered losses but never lost hope for life. 8. The sudden disaster brought huge challenges to local residents. 9. Kindness and bravery shone brightly during the difficult time. 10. Mutual support helped people get through the hardest moment. ★余味结尾 1. The disaster brought people closer and taught us the power of unity. 2. We should cherish our peaceful life and help those in need. 3. This unforgettable experience has taught me the true meaning of bravery and unity. 4. No disaster can defeat united people with strong will. 5. We should always stay alert and prepare for possible natural disasters. 6. Love and unity are the most powerful weapons against difficulties. 校刊栏目Unforgettable Experience面向全校征稿，请你以一次突发险情/自然灾害经历为题，写一篇记叙文，描述事件经过、他人相助以及你的感悟。词数100词左右。 An Unforgettable Experience I still remember clearly the flood that hit our neighborhood last year. It seemed as if everything around us was out of control. I was having breakfast with my family when water started filling our house rapidly. We felt scared at first, but soon many kind neighbors and rescue workers came to help us. Thanks to their efforts, all of us got to safety finally. This special experience tells me that unity is strength. We should always care for and help each other when difficulties come. Unit 5 Languages Around The World 一、核心单词 1.native adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的；n. 本地人 2.attitude n. 态度；看法 3.reference n. 指称关系；参考 4.refer vi. 提到；参考；查阅；vt. 查询；叫…… 求助于 5.system n. 体系；制度；系统 6.factor n. 因素；要素 7.based adj. 以（某事）为基础的；以…… 为重要部分（或特征）的 8.base vt. 以…… 为据点；以…… 为基础；n. 底部；根据 9.carve vt. & vi. 雕刻 10.variety n.（植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化 11.major adj. 主要的；重要的；大的；n. 主修课程；主修学生；vi. 主修；专门研究 12.means n. 方式；方法；途径 13.classic adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的；n. 经典作品；名著 14.regard vt. 尊重；把…… 视为；看待 15.character n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点 16.global adj. 全球的；全世界的 17.affair n. 公共事务；事件；关系 18.appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会；vi. 增值 19.specific adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的 20.struggle n. & vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗 21.tongue n. 舌头；语言 22.beg vi. 恳求；祈求；哀求 23.equal n. 同等的人；相等物；adj. 相同的；同样的 24.demand n. 要求；需求；vt. 强烈要求；需要；vi. 查问 25.vocabulary n. 词汇 26.description n. 描写（文字）；形容 27.relate vt. 联系；讲述 二、单词拓展 1. refer vi. 提到；参考；查阅；vt. 查询；叫……求助于 → reference n. 指称关系；参考 2. vary vi. 变化；改变 → variety n.（植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化 → various adj. 各种各样的；不同的 3. major adj. 主要的；重要的；大的；n. 主修课程；主修学生；vi. 主修；专门研究 → majority n. 大部分；大多数 4. relate vt. 联系；讲述 → related adj. 相关的；有联系的 → relation n. 关系；联系 → relationship n. 关系；联系 5. appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会；vi. 增值 → appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；感谢 6. equal n. 同等的人；相等物；adj. 相同的；同样的 → equally adv. 平等地；同样地 → equality n. 平等；相等 7. describe vt. 描述；形容 → description n. 描写（文字）；形容 → descriptive adj. 描述性的 8. demand n. 要求；需求；vt. 强烈要求；需要；vi. 查问 → demanding adj. 要求高的；费力的 9. global adj. 全球的；全世界的 → globe n. 地球；世界；球体 10. specific adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的 → specifically adv. 明确地；具体地 11. struggle n. & vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗 → struggling adj. 奋斗的；努力的 12. base vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础；n. 底部；根据 → based adj. 以（某事）为基础的；以……为重要部分（或特征）的 → basic adj. 基本的；基础的 13. regard vt. 尊重；把……视为；看待 → regarding prep. 关于；至于 14. character n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点 → characteristic adj. 特有的；典型的；n. 特征；特点 15. define vt. 定义；界定 → definition n. 定义；释义 → definite adj. 明确的；一定的 16. native adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的；n. 本地人 → nativity n. 出生；出生地 17. attitude n. 态度；看法 → attitudinal adj. 态度的 18. system n. 体系；制度；系统 → systematic adj. 系统的；有条理的 19. despite prep. 即使；尽管 →（拓展）in spite of 尽管；不管 20. carve vt. & vi. 雕刻 → carving n. 雕刻品；雕刻艺术 → carver n. 雕刻师；雕刻工 21. classic adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的；n. 经典作品；名著 → classical adj. 古典的；经典的 三、常考单词 1.refer v. 提到；参考；查阅；查询 背重点 背写作佳句 1) refer to 提及；查阅；指的是 2) refer to…as… 把…… 称作 ① Please refer to the notes when you review lessons.复习功课时请查阅笔记。 ② We refer to him as a living dictionary.我们称他为活字典。 2. appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；领会 背重点 背写作佳句 1) appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事 2) I would appreciate it if… 如若…… 不胜感激 ① I appreciate being given this chance.我很感激能得到这次机会。 ② I would appreciate it if you could help me.如果你能帮我，我将不胜感激。 3. relate vt. 联系；讲述 背重点 背写作佳句 1) relate to 理解；与…… 相关 2) relate A to B 把 A 和 B 联系起来 ① Most teenagers can relate to this story.大多数青少年都能理解这个故事。 ② Try to relate theory to practice.试着把理论和实践结合起来。 4.equal adj. 平等的；相同的；n. 同等的人 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be equal to 等于；胜任 2) equal rights 平等权利 ① All people are born equal.人人生而平等。 ② She is equal to the difficult task.她能够胜任这项艰巨的任务。 5. demand n. 需求；要求 vt. 强烈要求 背重点 背写作佳句 1) in great demand 需求量大 2) meet one's demand 满足某人需求 ① This book is in great demand among students.这本书深受学生欢迎。 ② We should try our best to meet people's demands.我们应尽力满足人们的需求。 6.struggle n. & vi. 奋斗；努力；挣扎 背重点 背写作佳句 1) struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 2) struggle against 与…… 作斗争 ③ He struggles to learn English well.他努力学好英语。 ② They struggled against difficulties together.他们一同与困难作斗争。 7.base vt. 以…… 为基础 n. 根基 背重点 背写作佳句 1) base…on 以…… 为依据 2) be based on 基于 ① The film is based on a true story.这部电影改编自一个真实故事。 ② Don't base your judgment on appearance.不要以貌取人。 8. regard vt. 看待；视作；尊重 背重点 背写作佳句 1) regard…as… 把…… 看作 2) regardless of 不管；不顾 ① We regard her as our best friend.我们把她当作最好的朋友。② He kept working regardless of the cold.不顾严寒，他继续工作。 9. attitude n. 态度；看法 背重点 背写作佳句 1) attitude to/towards 对…… 的态度 ② Your attitude towards study is very important.你的学习态度至关重要。 ② She has a positive attitude to life.她拥有积极的生活态度。 10.variety n. 多样化；种类 背重点 背写作佳句 1) a variety of 各种各样的 ① There are a variety of books in the library.图书馆里有各式各样的书籍。 ② We have a variety of activities after class.我们课后有丰富的活动。 11.means n. 方式；方法 背重点 背写作佳句 1) by means of 通过；借助 2) by no means 绝不 ① We communicate by means of words.我们借助语言交流。 ② By no means can you give up easily.你绝不能轻易放弃。 12. despite prep. 尽管；即使 背重点 背写作佳句 1) despite + 名词 / 动名词 尽管 2) 同义短语：in spite of ① Despite the rain, we went hiking.尽管下着雨，我们还是去徒步了。 ② He kept working despite being tired.虽然很累，他依旧坚持工作。 13.description n. 描述；形容 背重点 背写作佳句 1) give a description of 描述…… 2) describe v. 描述 ② Please give a brief description of your school.请简单描述一下你的学校。 ② The scenery is beyond description.景色美得难以言喻。 四．单元短语 1.refer to 指的是；提到；参考；查阅 2.ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 3.date back (to ...) 追溯到 4.no matter where, who, what, etc. 不论……；不管…… 5.point of view 观点；看法 6.relate to 与…… 相关；涉及；谈到 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：which 引导定语从句 + despite 引导让步状语 【教材】China is widely known for its ancient civilization which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. 中国因其古老的文明而广为人知，尽管历史上历经许多兴衰起伏，这一文明却一直延续到了现代。 2. 句式：why 引导定语从句 + but 连接并列句 【教材】There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. 这之所以成为可能有许多原因，但其中一个主要因素就是中国的文字系统。 3. 句式：as 引导原因状语从句 + when 引导定语从句 + 现在分词作结果状语 【教材】Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. 多年来，这一系统发展出了不同的形式，因为当时人们在地理上相互隔绝，从而产生了许多不同的方言和文字。 4. 句式：no matter where/what 引导让步状语从句 【教材】Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. 即使在今天，无论中国人生活在哪里、说哪种方言，他们仍然可以通过文字进行交流。 六．单元语法 限制性定语从句（二） 一、三大关系副词 when / where / why（期末填空必考核心） 总规则：关系副词在从句中不作主宾，只作状语，从句主干完整不缺成分 1. where（地点状语） ✅ 先行词：表地点（place, school, city, classroom, factory, village） ✅ 从句状态：主语、宾语齐全，缺地点状语（在这个地方） ✅ 例句：This is the school where I studied for three years. ✅ 等价转换：where = in which 2. when（时间状语） ✅ 先行词：表时间（time, day, year, month, moment） ✅ 从句状态：主干完整，缺时间状语（在这个时间） ✅ 例句：I still remember the day when we first met. ✅ 等价转换：when = on/in/at which 3. why（原因状语） ✅ 唯一固定先行词：the reason（仅此一个） ✅ 从句状态：主干完整，缺原因状语（因为这个原因） ✅ 例句：This is the reason why he was late for school. ✅ 等价转换：why = for which4．难点突破 二、关系代词 VS 关系副词 精准辨析 看从句缺不缺成分 1. 从句缺主语 / 缺宾语 → 必须用【关系代词：who/which/that】 2. 从句主谓宾齐全、语义完整 → 必须用【关系副词：when/where/why】 经典必考对比例句 ① This is the factory where I work.（work是不及物动词，从句完整→地点状语→where） ② This is the factory that/which I visited.（visit缺宾语→代词） ③ I remember the day when I joined the club.（句子完整→时间状语） ④ I remember the day that/which we spent together.（spent缺宾语→代词） 三、介词 + 关系代词（必修一拓展必考） 1. 结构：介词 + which / whom（绝对不接that/who） 2. 介词选择依据：看从句固定搭配 / 看先行词搭配 ✅ 例句：This is the person to whom I spoke just now.（speak to 固定搭配） ✅ 例句：This is the room in which I live.（live in 固定搭配） 五、三大特殊固定句型（期末满分必背） 1. The reason why...is that... ……的原因是…… 例：The reason why he failed is that he didn’t work hard. 2. The time when... ……的时刻/时间 3. The place where... ……的地方 六、易错 1. ❌ 错误：where/in which 连用、when/at which 连用（语义重复，考试零分） 2. ❌ 错误：reason后面乱用that，从句完整必须用why 3. ❌ 错误：看到place就用where，不分析从句成分（从句缺宾语必须用which/that） 4. ❌ 错误：whose只指人（重大误区，whose可指物） 5. ❌ 错误：关系副词作宾语（关系副词只能作状语） 七、必修一【定语从句】 1. 先行词是人、从句缺主语 → who / that 2. 先行词是人、从句缺宾语 → whom / that（可省） 3. 先行词是物、从句缺主宾 → which / that 4. 表“……的”（人/物通用）→ whose 5. 先行词地点、从句完整 → where 6. 先行词时间、从句完整 → when 7. 先行词reason、从句完整 → why 8. 介词后 → 只能用which / whom 9. 最高级、序数词、不定代词修饰 → 只用that 七．单元写作 语言文化博客 介绍中华文化、汉字发展、语言魅力，书写文化介绍类短文、博客 [基本框架] 1. 开头：引出中华文明与汉字这一主题 2. 主体：介绍汉字的发展历程、作用与文化意义 3. 结尾：表达文化自信与感悟 [常用词块] 1. ancient civilization 古老文明 2. writing system 文字体系 3. ups and downs 兴衰起伏 4. dialects and characters 方言与文字 5. pass down from generation to generation 代代相传 6. cultural heritage 文化遗产 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1. China is well-known for its splendid ancient civilization with a long history. 2. The Chinese writing system is a precious part of our cultural heritage. 3. As one of the oldest civilizations, Chinese culture has lasted for thousands of years. 4. It is the Chinese writing system that keeps our ancient civilization alive. 5. Today I would like to share the great charm of Chinese characters with you. 6. Few civilizations can continue into modern times like Chinese civilization. ★正文佳句（基础+高阶） 1. Despite countless ups and downs, our civilization has lasted until modern times. 2. Chinese people can communicate with each other by writing no matter what dialect they speak. 3. The Chinese writing system unites the whole nation and strengthens cultural identity. 4. Geographical division led to various dialects, yet written language remained unified. 5. The development of Chinese characters reflects the progress of our history and culture. 6. It is the writing system that serves as the bond of Chinese civilization. 7. Thousands of years of cultural treasures are recorded and passed down by characters. 8. The unique charm of Chinese language wins admiration from people worldwide. 9. The inheritance of writing system promotes the spread of traditional culture. 10. Different in oral dialects, Chinese people share the same written system. ★余味结尾 1. We should learn more about our culture and carry forward our fine traditions. 2. I feel extremely proud of our brilliant culture and writing system. 3. As teenagers, we have the duty to protect and promote traditional Chinese culture. 4. Chinese characters will continue to shine in the modern world. 5. Cultural confidence comes from the profound heritage of our civilization. 6. It is our responsibility to pass down our precious cultural heritage. 你将在校园英语论坛发布一篇博客，介绍中华文明与汉字体系的传承、发展与价值。词数100词左右。The Charm of Chinese Writing China is widely famous for its brilliant ancient civilization. Despite plenty of ups and downs in history, the civilization has continued into modern times. One main factor behind this is the Chinese writing system. As time went by, the system developed different forms due to geographical division, forming various dialects and characters. Even today, Chinese people across the country can still communicate smoothly in writing. Chinese characters are our valuable cultural treasure. As teenagers, we should learn to appreciate and protect our traditional culture. 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1.The main goal (目标) of the meeting is to discuss our study plan. 2.He expressed his confidence (自信) that he would win the game. 3.With the teacher's help, I made great progress (进步) in my English. 4.Before choosing a major, it's important to explore (探索) different interests. 5.Some students rent (租用) bikes to save time on their way to school. 6.We should take effective (有效的) measures to improve our grades. 7.She felt anxious (焦虑的) before the final exam. 8.The teacher asked us to focus (集中) on the key grammar points. 9.It is a big challenge (挑战) to finish the project alone. 10.The classroom has a warm and friendly atmosphere (氛围). 11.He has a positive (积极的) attitude towards every difficulty. 12.We must respect (尊重) different cultures and opinions. 13.The class schedule (时间表) is full of interesting activities. 14.She is determined (坚定的) to pass the exam this time. 15.Too much pressure (压力) can affect students' health. 16.We need to improve (提高) our reading speed before the exam. 17.The teacher gave us some useful tips (建议) on how to learn English. 18.He is responsible (负责的) for organizing the class meeting. 19.We should develop (培养) good learning habits early. 20.The purpose (目的) of this activity is to improve teamwork. 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.(2025 年全国一卷改编) But it's amazing (amaze) how quickly you can adapt to high school life. 2.(2024・全国新高考 I 卷改编) But equally (equal) important is the mental health of students. 3.(2025 浙江首考卷改编) The shop offers clothes for students to rent (rent) rather than buy them directly. 4.(2025 年全国二卷改编) Last month, you agreed to write an article about school life, and we're all looking forward to reading (read) it. 5.(2025 年全国乙卷改编) The park is full of flowers and trees, just what you imagine in an attractive (attract) school garden. 6.(必修一 Unit 1 改编) It is challenging (challenge) to keep a balance between study and hobbies. 7.(必修一 Unit 2 改编) The teacher encouraged us to practice (practice) speaking English every day. 8.(2024 年新高考 I 卷改编) He is used to getting (get) up early to memorize English words. 9.(必修一 Unit 3 改编) Too much pressure (press) can make students feel anxious before exams. 10.(期末高频改编题) She felt relaxed (relax) after finishing all her homework. 11.(必修一 Unit 4 改编) The majority (major) of students in our class like learning English. 12.(2025 年全国一卷改编) The movie is very moving (move) and it teaches us the importance of friendship. 13.(必修一 Unit 5 改编) He is interested (interest) in learning about different cultures and traditions. 14.(期末模拟改编题) This problem requires careful (care) thinking and analysis. 15.(必修一 Unit 1 改编) Her performance (perform) in the English speech competition surprised everyone. 16.(教材改编题) It is necessary (necessity) to take notes carefully in class. 17.(2024 年全国卷改编) He is a talented (talent) student who is good at both English and math. 18.(必修一 Unit 2 改编) I find it hard to remember (remember) all these new English words. 19.(期末改编题) The story is based on a true (truth) event that happened in our school. 20.(必修一 Unit 3 改编) It is important (importance) to keep a positive attitude towards study difficulties. 三、完成句子。 1.汤姆期盼着见到新来的交换生。 Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. 2.我和我的同学交流学习经验。 I exchange learning experience with my classmates. 3.我的爱好是跳舞和滑冰，我也喜欢阅读短篇小说。 My hobbies are dancing and skating, and I also enjoy reading short stories. 4.为了提高英语成绩，他每天坚持练习口语。 To improve his English grades, he keeps practicing speaking every day. 5.我们应该保持积极的态度面对高中的挑战。 We should keep a positive attitude towards the challenges of high school. 6.她下定决心要实现她的大学梦想。 She is determined to achieve her dream of going to university. 7.适应高中生活花了我整整一个学期。 It took me a whole semester to adapt to high school life. 8.我们都很期待即将到来的寒假。 We are all looking forward to the coming winter vacation. 9.他对这次期末考试很有信心。 He has confidence in the final exam this time. 10.我发现和新同学相处很容易。 I find it easy to get along with my new classmates. 11.老师鼓励我们在课堂上大胆提问。 The teacher encouraged us to ask questions bravely in class. 12.我每天花半小时背英语单词。 I spend half an hour memorizing English words every day. 13.他的建议帮助我解决了学习上的难题。 His advice helped me solve the difficult problems in my studies. 14.我们应该学会在压力下保持冷静。 We should learn to stay calm under pressure. 15.参加英语角活动让我对英语学习更感兴趣。 Taking part in the English corner made me more interested in learning English. 学科网（北京）股份有限公59 / 60 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $