专题03 阅读理解 说明文（期末真题汇编，全国通用）高二英语下学期

**基本信息** 精选全国多地区高二下期末真题，聚焦“人与社会/自我/自然”三大主题，融合科技（AI就业影响、细菌涂层植入物）、文化（韩国海女、古代碑文）、生态（珊瑚适应、象群命名）等鲜活素材，考查语言能力与思维品质。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|12篇/48题|词汇理解（如“grueling”“utilize”）、细节查找、推理判断、主旨归纳|情境真实（如多伦多河流修复、办公室快速健身）；问题梯度分明，从基础词汇到深层推理（如通过年轻海女案例推断职业希望）|

专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·广东佛山·期末） What if someone told you mermaids (美人鱼) were real? Forget the fish tails, we mean women capable of holding their breath for minutes as they dive under the sea many times a day. These are the haenyeo divers of South Korea, a community of women from Jeju Island who have been free-diving to harvest seafood for centuries. Their stories are shared with the world by the US-Korean film-maker Sue Kim, in her film The Last of the Sea Women. The film follows the women going about their grueling work during the harvest season and examines the challenges they face both in and out of the water. They head out to dive at 6 am daily. They hold their breath for a couple of minutes, come back up to the surface and go back down again-about 100 times a session. The risks are big. There is no insurance available for the job, as it’s too dangerous. And now the ocean — and the women’s livelihood — is under threat. Global warming is resulting in less sea life, particularly in shallow water; diving deeper is more difficult without air tanks (罐). Perhaps the bigger threat, though, is from within, with fewer younger women choosing to pursue this difficult profession. A training school was set up in the early 2000s to address the decreasing numbers, but only 5% of those attending go on to become haenyeos. All is not lost, though. The film introduces us to two young women from another island who have gained popularity on social media and point out the flexible hours the job can offer. One of them even started learning to swim at the age of 30 to do the job. “When I look at the haenyeos and how they work together, it just reminds me of the collective work that women are doing everywhere else,” says Sue Kim, “When a girl is watching this documentary, I want her to believe in herself and realize that she can do anything.” 1. What does the underlined word “grueling” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Dull. B. Creative. C. Rewarding. D. Demanding. 2. What is one challenge that haenyeos are facing? A. Lack of pre-job training. B. Low willingness to take the job. C. The high cost of air tanks. D. The decreasing demand for seafood. 3. The author mentions the two young women in paragraph 6 to show ______. A. hope for the profession B. the role of social media C. the influence of the film D. qualifications for the job 4. What could be the best title for the text? A. Haenyeo: An Overlooked Profession B. Women Power: You Can Do Anything C. The Last Sea Women: Courage in the Deep D. Global Warming: A Great Risk for Haenyeos 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了韩国济州岛的海女（haenyeo）这一特殊职业群体。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。该词出现在第三段第一句中，修饰work，用来描述海女人们的工作。又根据第三段第二、三句“They head out to dive at 6 am daily. They hold their breath for a couple of minutes, come back up to the surface and go back down again-about 100 times a session. (他们每天清晨6点出发潜水。每次潜水时，她们需要屏住呼吸几分钟，浮出水面后再次下潜——每场潜水要重复这样的动作约100次。)”可知，收获季节海女们的工作极度耗费体力，这正是对前一句中grueling所描述工作的具体举例，说明这项工作耗费体力，要求严苛。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Perhaps the bigger threat, though, is from within, with fewer younger women choosing to pursue this difficult profession. (然而，更大的威胁可能来自内部，因为选择从事这一艰难职业的年轻女性越来越少。)”可知，海女面临的核心挑战之一是年轻从业者意愿不足。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“Perhaps the bigger threat, though, is from within, with fewer younger women choosing to pursue this difficult profession. (然而，更大的威胁可能来自内部，因为选择从事这一艰难职业的年轻女性越来越少。)”可知，上一段刚讲完年轻从业者不足，第六段就介绍了两位年轻从业女性的例子，又根据最后一段““When I look at the haenyeos and how they work together, it just reminds me of the collective work that women are doing everywhere else,” says Sue Kim, “When a girl is watching this documentary, I want her to believe in herself and realize that she can do anything.” (“当我看到海女们如何协同工作时，这让我想起世界各地女性正在进行的集体劳动，”导演Sue Kim说道，“我希望每个观看这部纪录片的女孩都能相信自己，并意识到她可以成就任何事情”)。”可知，这两位女性的例子旨在展示职业的新希望和可能性。故选A项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。全文围绕海女职业的现状展开：第二段引入海女的传统工作方式，第三段月说明该工作具有挑战，第四、五段分别分析该项工作面临的全球变暖和后继无人的威胁，第六至七段以年轻女性的加入和导演的激励话语点明主题——尽管困难重重，但这一职业仍存希望。选项C既呼应纪录片标题，又概括了海女的勇气与坚持，最能涵盖全文主旨。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·广东汕头·期末） Shannon Baker, a landscape architect at Waterfront Toronto, pauses to point out a red-tailed hawk (鹰) flying over the restored Don River valley — a sight unimaginable eight years ago when this site was a deadly industrial zone. The hawk’s presence symbolizes the success of Canada’s most ambitious urban ecological project: transforming 300 hectares of abandoned factories and oil tanks into a lively ecosystem. In the 1880s, the Don River was rerouted into the Keating Channel to create land for a new port. For over a century since then, it regularly flooded surrounding areas. Engineers solved this by carving a 1.3-kilometre riverbed reconnecting the waterway to Lake Ontario. The scale of effort to make the new river extension has been enormous: four-plus years of construction; roads lifted or moved and multiple bridges built; 1.4 million cubic metres of polluted soil treated and reused or replaced. Most remarkably, bioengineered “instant forests” were created using interlocking root systems and layered soils to create mature ecosystems. “For me, the project is about reconnection,” says Baker. “We’re reconnecting the river to the lake, and in this process, reconnecting people.” Perhaps the deepest reconnections are with local Indigenous communities, who settled in the area centuries before the city’s creation. Waterfront Toronto engaged the MinoKamik Collective, an elder-led native environmental consultancy, to help design the planting strategy. “We put in wetland plants to help stabilize the riverbank and draw in animals,” says Shelley Charles, leader of the native elders. “When we met on the land at the start of the project, there was nothing there. It was like an artist’s canvas (画布). Now when you stand in the same place today, you’re able to walk along the river. It’s unbelievable.” Baker agrees and points out that people visiting the site today for the first time might not appreciate what’s been done. “Because when you look at the river as well as the wetland now, it looks like it’s always been there.” 1. How does the writer introduce the topic? A. By showing data. B. By making a comparison. C. By giving an appeal. D. By raising an assumption. 2. What is the primary purpose of the new river extension? A. To prevent flooding. B. To attract wildlife. C. To create a new port. D. To build new roads. 3. What is Charles’s attitude towards the project? A. Proud. B. Concerned. C. Unbelieving. D. Indifferent. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Waterfront: A History Of Toronto B. Keating Channel: A Nature Restoration Project C. The River Extension: From Wasteland To Wetland D. MinoKamik Collective: Between Indigenous And Natives 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大Don River谷地生态修复工程，工程师们通过扩建河道解决洪水问题，并将工业废土转化为湿地生态系统。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Shannon Baker, a landscape architect at Waterfront Toronto, pauses to point out a red-tailed hawk (鹰) flying over the restored Don River valley — a sight unimaginable eight years ago when this site was a deadly industrial zone. The hawk’s presence symbolizes the success of Canada’s most ambitious urban ecological project: transforming 300 hectares of abandoned factories and oil tanks into a lively ecosystem. (多伦多滨水区景观设计师Shannon Baker停下脚步，指向一只正在修复后的Don River谷地上空翱翔的红尾鹰——这样的景象在八年前这里还是危险工业区时简直难以想象。这只鹰的出现象征着加拿大最宏大的城市生态项目的成功：将300公顷废弃工厂和储油罐区改造成生机勃勃的生态系统)”可知，作者通过对比过去工业区与现在生态恢复区的景象，引入话题。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“For over a century since then, it regularly flooded surrounding areas. Engineers solved this by carving a 1.3-kilometre riverbed reconnecting the waterway to Lake Ontario. (此后一个多世纪里，它经常淹没周边地区。工程师们通过开凿1.3公里长的河床重新连接安大略湖，解决了这一问题)”可知，新河道扩建的主要目的是防止洪水。故选A项。 【3题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段中Charles所说的话“When we met on the land at the start of the project, there was nothing there. It was like an artist’s canvas (画布). Now when you stand in the same place today, you’re able to walk along the river. It’s unbelievable. (当项目刚开始时，我们站在这片土地上，这里空无一物，就像艺术家的空白画布。而今天站在同一个地方，你已能沿着河岸漫步。这变化简直令人难以置信)”可知，Charles认为这片土地发生了巨大的变化，是令人难以置信的，语气充满成就感和自豪。故选A项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“The hawk’s presence symbolizes the success of Canada’s most ambitious urban ecological project: transforming 300 hectares of abandoned factories and oil tanks into a lively ecosystem. (这只鹰的出现象征着加拿大最宏大的城市生态项目的成功：将300公顷废弃工厂和储油罐区改造成生机勃勃的生态系统)”可知，文章围绕加拿大Don River谷地生态修复工程展开，工程师们通过扩建河道解决洪水问题，并将工业废土转化为湿地生态系统。因此，C项“河道扩建：从荒芜之地到湿地”涵盖河道工程这一核心事件与生态修复的结果，最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·湖北十堰·期末） For customers who don’t have the freedom to choose where they shop, technological advancements are making price discrimination (歧视) increasingly likely. Flexibility-based price discrimination allows companies to charge different people different prices for the same product or service, based on how easily they can walk away. When consumers can easily find better deals elsewhere, they hold the power. However, AI tools are allowing sellers to become increasingly expert at uncovering how much flexibility their consumers have, which raises serious concerns. In a recent study, we examined how flexibility-based price discrimination affects a seller’s profitability in a competitive market, and studied how consumer welfare is affected. The findings demonstrated that companies that utilize consumer inflexibility are likely to boom, often at the expense of those with the least power to choose. They don’t just raise prices when customers aren’t able to easily switch to a competitor, for low-income consumers they reduce product quality as well. This double blow hits low-income consumers hard. Dollar stores, for example, often serve low-income communities in smaller markets. When these retailers realize their customers have limited alternatives, they are less likely to keep prices low. Moreover, tests revealed the presence of poisonous components in colorfully labeled children’s products at American and Canadian dollar stores. But this is only part of the story. When these same techniques are used to target wealthier consumers, it can result in positive social outcomes for them. In contrast, high-income consumers may see their product quality improve. This is because high-income consumers are willing and able to pay for the improved quality and technology-enabled price discrimination can enable the seller to satisfy their needs better. The same thing happens with trade barriers and tariffs (关税). Product quality, price and income are known to be interconnected, with lower-income inflexible consumers suffering more than high-income consumers in the same situation. Any barriers that reduce consumer flexibility disproportionately harm low-income consumers, who are more likely to face lower-quality products as a result. Our study provides valuable insights for both lawmakers and policymakers. It shows that new policies are necessary to protect vulnerable consumers with limited flexibility from price discrimination. 1. What does the underlined word “utilize” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Refer to. B. Depend on. C. Take advantage of. D. Get rid of. 2. What do companies tend to do when consumers lack purchase choices? A. Expand product varieties. B. Lower prices to attract more customers. C. Reduce product quality for low-income groups. D. Prioritize the needs of high-income consumers. 3. Why does the author mention dollar stores? A. To show how companies draw on consumer inflexibility. B. To highlight health risks for children in low-income areas. C. To criticize their addition of harmful chemicals in products. D. To compare product quality between different income groups. 4. What is the author’s attitude toward price discrimination? A. Favourable. B. Skeptical. C. Objective. D. Disapproving. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍基于消费者选择灵活性的价格歧视现象及其对不同收入群体的影响。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“The findings demonstrated that companies that utilize consumer inflexibility are likely to boom, often at the expense of those with the least power to choose. (研究结果表明，utilize消费者缺乏灵活性的公司可能会蓬勃发展，这往往以牺牲那些选择能力最弱的公司为代价)”可知，与选择能力最弱的公司相对比，那些可能会繁荣的公司应该是利用消费者的不灵活性的公司，所以“utilize”的意思与“利用”意义相近。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They don’t just raise prices when customers aren’t able to easily switch to a competitor, for low-income consumers they reduce product quality as well.(当顾客不能轻易转向竞争对手时，他们不仅会提高价格，对低收入消费者，他们还会降低产品质量。)”可知，当消费者缺乏购买选择时，公司倾向于为低收入群体降低产品质量。故选C项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Dollar stores, for example, often serve low-income communities in smaller markets. When these retailers realize their customers have limited alternatives, they are less likely to keep prices low. Moreover, tests revealed the presence of poisonous components in colorfully labeled children’s products at American and Canadian dollar stores.(例如，一元店通常为较小市场的低收入社区服务。当这些零售商意识到他们的客户没有太多选择时，他们就不太可能保持低价。此外，测试显示，在美国和加拿大的一元店，彩色标签的儿童产品中含有有毒成分。)”可知，作者提到一元店是为了展示公司如何利用消费者的不灵活性。故选A项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It shows that new policies are necessary to protect vulnerable consumers with limited flexibility from price discrimination.(它表明，有必要制定新政策，以保护灵活性有限的弱势消费者免受价格歧视。)”可知，作者对价格歧视持不赞成的态度。故选D项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下·山东日照·期末） Hard-pressed office workers in China are adding exercise into their work day by jogging with laptops, lifting lunch packs, doing office chair Pilates. The practice, known as “5-minute quick-charge workout”, has become all the rage across the mainland. In early July, an internet user posted a picture on Xiaohongshu of a colleague engaging in a quick-charge workout while waiting for the lift, and titled it, “Office workers have their own gym.” The image shows a woman with a lunch delivery bag in one hand and a canvas bag in the other, which she was using in place of dumbbells and lifting them repeatedly while waiting. She also had several food delivery bags tied around her waist, adding weight to her workout. The colleague called her a genius, saying, “She always volunteers to bring lunch for everyone from downstairs, describing the trip as a weighted workout.” “Since she sits in the office all day with no time to go to the gym, she manages to have a quick workout while carrying takeaway or waiting for the lift, thus saving on gym fees,” the colleague said. Chang, a copywriter from Zhejiang province, shared her exercise approach with Jiupai News. She jogs to the subway station while carrying her laptop. “My computer is a bit heavy, so it feels like weight training,” she said. “I’m afraid I will not stick with it and waste my money,” she said. “A 5-minute quick-charge workout is more manageable for us office workers who often work overtime and do not have much spare time. Also, it energizes me during work when I’m tired,” Chang added. She also said that the bursts of exercise are beneficial to her psychological health because they help “release some negative emotions” throughout the day. Others have been sharing their speedy fitness routines online. “Yes, my workout is picking up packages for my boss. When it gets heavy, I think of it as arm training,” one person said. Another said they have a daily sprint to work, “I run 800 meters in three minutes every day to clock in on time. Lately, it feels so easy.” 1. What does the underlined phrase “all the rage” mean in paragraph 1? A. Highly expected. B. Widely popular. C. Extremely typical. D. Commonly arranged. 2. What do we know about the woman mentioned in paragraph 2? A. She abandons working out in a gym. B. She often orders lunch for her colleagues. C. She innovatively exercises during her work day. D. She enjoys doing voluntary work in her community. 3. What is a benefit of a 5-minute quick-charge workout according to Chang? A. It enhances creativity at work. B. It contributes to a peaceful mind. C. It helps improve time management skills. D. It promotes physical and mental well-being. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. Office Workouts Boost Your Mood. B. 5-minute Bodybuilding Saves Time. C. Office Quick-charge Fitness: A Creative Trend. D. Lunch Pack Delivery: A Practical Exercise Approach. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国上班族将送快递、等电梯等日常场景转化为碎片化健身机会，这种创新的“5分钟快速充电锻炼”因省时、减压且零成本而广受欢迎。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“Hard-pressed office workers in China are adding exercise into their work day by jogging with laptops, lifting lunch packs, doing office chair Pilates. (在中国，压力很大的上班族们在工作中增加了锻炼，比如带着笔记本电脑慢跑、提午餐包、在办公室椅子上做普拉提)”可知，画线部分所在句描述“上班族在工作间隙融入锻炼”做法在中国大陆的情况，结合下文列举多名上班族践行这一做法的例子可知，这一做法应该是“广泛流行”，画线部分意为“广泛流行，很受欢迎”。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The image shows a woman with a lunch delivery bag in one hand and a canvas bag in the other, which she was using in place of dumbbells and lifting them repeatedly while waiting. (图片中，一名女子一手拿着午餐外卖袋，另一只手拿着帆布袋，她用帆布袋代替哑铃，并在等待时反复举起哑铃)”可知，这位女性在工作日创新性地进行锻炼。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Also, it energizes me during work when I’m tired (此外，当我工作累的时候，它还能让我充满活力)”和“She also said that the bursts of exercise are beneficial to her psychological health because they help “release some negative emotions” throughout the day. (她还说，剧烈运动对她的心理健康有益，因为它们有助于一整天“释放一些负面情绪”)”可知，于她而言，5分钟快速锻炼能促进身心健康。故选D项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“The practice, known as “5-minute quick-charge workout” (这种做法被称为“5分钟快速充电锻炼”)”可知，文章围绕“5分钟快速充电锻炼”这一新趋势展开，介绍了中国上班族将送快递、等电梯等日常场景转化为碎片化健身机会，这种创新的做法因省时、减压且零成本而广受欢迎。因此，C项“办公室快速充电健身：一种创意趋势”概括了这一现象，最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·广东东莞·期末） In Burnham-on-Sea, a bright yellow sign marks “The ‘Happy to Chat’ bench: sit here if you don’t mind someone stopping to say hello.” This bench was designed to deal with loneliness among the elderly in the seaside town. The bench has become a place where people like Ann, who has lived alone since her divorce 13 years ago, can strike up conversations with strangers. Ann explains that even just seeing the bench can spark a conversation, leading to natural interactions about holidays, local life, and personal stories. Another example of engineering opportunities for real human interaction is the “Chatty Café Plan”. Started in 2017 by Alexandra Hoskyn in the UK, the initiative encourages cafés to designate a “Chatter & Natter” table where customers can sit if they are open to chatting with others. The plan has expanded to other countries, including Australia, Canada, and the United States, aiming to reduce loneliness by creating a welcoming space for conversation. Real human connection is significant for our physical and mental well-being. Social interactions can reduce stress, lower the risk of depression, and improve the overall mental health. Physically, engaging with other people is capable of boosting our immune system, and even increasing longevity (寿命). In a world that seems so connected through the Internet, phones, and social media, why are we having to engineer human interaction? Despite the rise in social media, many people still feel disconnected. Social platforms often provide superficial (肤浅的) connections rather than meaningful interactions, leading to a dilemma where we are more connected digitally but feel lonelier in real life. Perhaps it is time to get off the Internet, put down our phones, and remember that we are social beings. Start by talking to your neighbors, chatting with the person in the queue, and engaging with your colleagues. Attend local community events, join clubs or groups that interest you, and try to reconnect with friends and family. 1. Why was the “Happy to Chat” bench introduced in Burnham-on-Sea? A. To promote local businesses. B. To attract tourists to the seaside town. C. To honor the happy moments with family. D. To handle loneliness among elderly residents. 2. What does the underlined word “designate” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Buy. B. Assign. C. Remove. D. Deliver. 3. Which of the following is a benefit of human connection? A. Creating more online friendships. B. Increasing social media followers. C. Strengthening the immune system. D. Improving digital communication skills. 4. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Power of Face-to-Face Interaction B. The History of Digital Communication C. The Solution to Loneliness of the Elders D. The Popularity of Chat Benches and Cafés 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“快乐聊天”长椅和“健谈咖啡馆计划”以促进人际交流，阐述了人际联系对身心健康的益处，指出应减少网络依赖，加强面对面交流。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In Burnham-on-Sea, a bright yellow sign marks “The ‘Happy to Chat’ bench: sit here if you don’t mind someone stopping to say hello.” This bench was designed to deal with loneliness among the elderly in the seaside town.(在滨海伯纳姆，一个明黄色的标志上写着“‘快乐聊天’长凳：如果你不介意有人停下来打招呼，请坐在这里。”这张长椅是为了解决这个海滨小镇老年人的孤独问题而设计的)”可知，“快乐聊天”长椅被引入滨海伯纳姆是为了处理老年居民的孤独问题。故选D项。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Started in 2017 by Alexandra Hoskyn in the UK, the initiative encourages cafés to designate a ‘Chatter & Natter’ table where customers can sit if they are open to chatting with others.(该倡议由英国的亚历山德拉·霍斯金于2017年发起，鼓励咖啡馆designate一张‘闲聊’桌，愿意与他人聊天的顾客可以坐在那里)”可知，咖啡馆的这张桌子供愿意与他人聊天的顾客坐，结合常识，不是随便哪张桌子都可知，这需要咖啡馆指定。故划线词“designate”意为“指定、分配”，与B项“Assign”同义。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Physically, engaging with other people is capable of boosting our immune system, and even increasing longevity (寿命).(在身体方面，与他人交往能够增强我们的免疫系统，甚至延长寿命)”可知，人际联系的一个好处是增强免疫系统。故选C项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段“Real human connection is significant for our physical and mental well-being. Social interactions can reduce stress, lower the risk of depression, and improve the overall mental health. Physically, engaging with other people is capable of boosting our immune system, and even increasing longevity (寿命).(真实的人际联系对我们的身心健康至关重要。社交互动可以减轻压力，降低患抑郁症的风险，并改善整体心理健康。在身体方面，与他人交往能够增强我们的免疫系统，甚至延长寿命)”和最后一段“Perhaps it is time to get off the Internet, put down our phones, and remember that we are social beings. Start by talking to your neighbors, chatting with the person in the queue, and engaging with your colleagues.(也许是时候离开网络，放下手机，记住我们是社会性动物了。从和你的邻居交谈、和排队的人聊天以及和你的同事交流开始)”可知，文章强调了面对面交流的重要性和好处。A项“面对面交流的力量”能概括文章内容，最适合用作文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·湖北黄冈·期末） In our hyper-connected world of social media, there’s a refreshing cure — one that’s good for your mental health, reduces stress and anxiety and even helps your immune system: being in nature. While any time spent outdoors is advantageous, there’s a “prescription” that can help you get the most benefits. It’s spending 20 minutes in your local park three days per week, five hours in a nature preserve each month and three days immersed in the backcountry once a year. It’s called the 20-5-3 rule, and it’s a science-backed formula that could revolutionize how we think about outdoor time. Florence Williams, author of Nature Fix and Heartbreak, tells Yahoo Life: “Having a general guideline like this could be helpful to some people. It’s worth noting that it’s important for each of us to tune into what we need in a particular week or year.” Williams explain that when we’re experiencing extra stress, pain or heartbreak, we might need more time in everyday nature spaces or in deep wilderness. “The emerging science is an opportunity for us to notice how we feel when we’re outside, to recognize which elements of nature we most respond to and to prioritize doing the things that give us the restoration we need,” she says. While spending time in your local park is beneficial, it requires s more frequent exposure to achieve the same stress-reducing benefits as a deep wilderness experience. That’s because in urban green spaces, we’re often still tied to our devices and surrounded by city sounds. It can be more like “nature-lite” if we’re not intentional about the time we spend outdoors. The numbers back this up. Research shows that while a 20-minute walk in nature lowers stress hormones, these levels often bounce back within hours in urban settings. Compare this to multi-day wilderness experiences, where studies have documented health benefits lasting up to a month. 1. How does the author introduce the topic? A. By giving a definition. B. By listing numbers. C. By offering an example. D. By describing a phenomenon. 2. What do we know about the 20-5-3 rule? A. People may practice the rule flexibly. B. The rule was created by Florence Williams. C. Everyone must follow the rule without any change. D. People should spend 5 hours in a local park every month. 3. Why does the author say urban green spaces are like “nature-lite”? A. There are no real natural things. B. The air quality there is much worse. C. Various distractions reduce the effect. D. People don’t like to stay there for long. 4. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To advocate people to get close to nature. B. To suggest a new treatment to mental illness. C. To provide a prescription to improve physical health. D. To recommend an approach to reducing stress and anxiety. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍“20-5-3 规则”及其科学依据，强调自然接触对健康的积极影响，建议人们根据场景和需求合理分配户外时间，以获得更持久的减压效果和身心益处。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章中第一段的句子“It’s spending 20 minutes in your local park three days per week, five hours in a nature preserve each month and three days immersed in the backcountry once a year. It’s called the 20-5-3 rule, and it’s a science-backed formula that could revolutionize how we think about outdoor time.(就是每周三天在当地的公园里呆20分钟，每月在自然保护区呆5小时，每年一次在野外呆3天。这被称为“20-5-3法则”，这是一个有科学依据的公式，可以彻底改变我们对户外时间的看法。)”可知，作者通过定义“20-5-3法则”来引入主题。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章中第二段的句子“It’s worth noting that it’s important for each of us to tune into what we need in a particular week or year.(值得注意的是，对我们每个人来说，在特定的一周或一年里调整自己的需求是很重要的。)”可知，人们可以根据需求灵活地实践这一规则。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章中第三段的句子“While spending time in your local park is beneficial, it requires s more frequent exposure to achieve the same stress-reducing benefits as a deep wilderness experience. That’s because in urban green spaces, we’re often still tied to our devices and surrounded by city sounds.(虽然花时间在当地的公园是有益的，但它需要更频繁地接触，才能达到与深入荒野体验同样的减压效果。这是因为在城市的绿地中，我们经常仍然被我们的设备所束缚，被城市的声音所包围。)”可知，城市绿地中人们仍受电子设备干扰，且环境噪音多，导致减压效果不如荒野体验深刻，因此称为“nature-lite(低配版自然)”。故选C项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段“In our hyper-connected world of social media, there’s a refreshing cure—one that’s good for your mental health, reduces stress and anxiety and even helps your immune system: being in nature. While any time spent outdoors is advantageous, there’s a “prescription” that can help you get the most benefits. It’s spending 20 minutes in your local park three days per week, five hours in a nature preserve each month and three days immersed in the backcountry once a year. It’s called the 20-5-3 rule, and it’s a science-backed formula that could revolutionize how we think about outdoor time.(在我们这个高度互联的社交媒体世界里，有一种令人耳目一新的治疗方法——它有利于你的心理健康，减少压力和焦虑，甚至有助于你的免疫系统：亲近大自然。虽然户外活动的任何时间都是有益的，但有一个“处方”可以帮助你获得最大的好处。就是每周三天在当地的公园里呆20分钟，每月在自然保护区呆5小时，每年一次在野外呆3天。这被称为20-5-3法则，这是一个有科学依据的公式，可以彻底改变我们对户外时间的看法。)”可知，全文核心是推荐“20-5-3法则”作为科学支持的减压方法，并解释其灵活性和不同自然环境的差异。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·山东济南·期末） When traveling to a new country, there is so much to see and do. Nobody wants to spend their whole trip sleeping or feeling exhausted. Luckily, there are ways to drive away the ZZZs and make the most of your travel. New research from Arizona State University, links exercise with the body’s internal clock, opening the possibility of treating jet lag (时差反应) with a workout. Both traveling to a different time zone and staying up late at night can severely disturb the body’s internal clock, including making the body release the sleep-causing chemical melatonin (祖国素) at a time when people want to stay awake. When the internal master clock isn’t in line with the external clock of your destination, it creates a mismatch of all your body rhythms. That’s what lies at the heart of jet lag. The researchers of the study used the level of melatonin released by the body to explore the effects of exercise on body’s internal clock. First, researchers measured the melatonin levels of 99 participants throughout the day to establish a baseline. Then, the participants were asked to exercise for an hour for three days in a row at different times, and their melatonin levels were monitored. The researchers noted shifts in the melatonin levels of participants: correlated with their activity level. The study uncovered that morning (7 a, m,) or afternoon (1-4 p. m.) works shifted the internal clock forward, while evening (7-10 p. m.) exercise shifted it backward. “This is the first study to compare exercise’s effects on the body clock, and could open up the possibility of using exercise to help reduce the negative effects of jet lag and shift work.” Shawn, the lead researcher said. For west-to-east travel, evening exercise can get rid of time zone shifts. For east-to-west travel, morning or afternoon workouts are beneficial. Exercise pushes your internal clock forward or backwards by regulating the amount of melatonin. Walking or cycling are great ways to see the sites, when traveling, while getting jet-lag beating exercise. So, pack your running shoes for your next trip! 1. What is the key factor causing jet lag according to the text? A. Low melatonin. B. Shortened sleeping. C. Long travel tiredness. D. Body rhythm disorder. 2. How did researchers get the result? A. By doing observations. B. By undertaking surveys. C. By making comparisons. D. By integrating experience. 3. What does Shawn think of the study? A. Overrated. B. Pathbreaking. C. Unrealistic. D. Conclusive. 4. Which exercise suits travelers flying from China to Canada? A. Morning jogging. B. Evening swimming. C. Mid-night cycling. D. Random-time walking. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了亚利桑那州立大学的一项新研究表明运动与人体生物钟有关，通过锻炼可治疗时差反应，并说明了不同时间运动对生物钟的影响及适用情况。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“When the internal master clock isn’t in line with the external clock of your destination, it creates a mismatch of all your body rhythms. That’s what lies at the heart of jet lag.(当人体内部的主时钟与目的地的外部时钟不一致时，就会导致所有身体节律的不匹配。这正是时差反应的核心所在)”可知，导致时差反应的关键因素是身体节律紊乱。故选D项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“First, researchers measured the melatonin levels of 99 participants throughout the day to establish a baseline. Then, the participants were asked to exercise for an hour for three days in a row at different times, and their melatonin levels were monitored.(首先，研究人员全天测量了99名参与者的褪黑素水平，以建立一个基线。然后，要求参与者连续三天在不同时间进行一小时的运动，并监测他们的褪黑素水平)”可知，研究人员通过对比参与者运动前后以及不同时间运动时的褪黑素水平来得出结果。故选C项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中Shawn的话“This is the first study to compare exercise’s effects on the body clock, and could open up the possibility of using exercise to help reduce the negative effects of jet lag and shift work.(这是第一项比较运动对生物钟影响的研究，并且为利用运动来帮助减少时差反应和倒班工作的负面影响开辟了可能性)”可知，Shawn认为这项研究是具有开创性的。故选B项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“For east-to-west travel, morning or afternoon workouts are beneficial.(对于从东向西的旅行，早上或下午的锻炼是有益的)”可知，中国在东，加拿大在西，从中国飞往加拿大是从东向西的旅行，所以早上慢跑适合。故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下·浙江温州·期末） For a long time, psychologists believed in “catharsis theory,” or the idea that it’s better to release negative emotions than hold onto them. But back in 2002, Brad Bushman, a professor of communication at the Ohio State University, published a study that questioned that logic, saying that venting (发泄) “is the worst thing you can do” when you’ re mad and it’s “adding more fuel to the fire.” Focusing on a frustrating conversation can blow out of proportion relatively minor annoyances, which is unhealthy, says Jesse Cougle, a psychology professor studying anger at Florida State University. The problem is that when you’re furious (愤怒的), it feels better to shout angrily than it does to take some centering deep breaths. Bushman has seen that in his research. Even though activities like hitting a punching bag don’t actually lessen anger, “75% of people report feeling better” after they do it, he says. The same is often true for venting to a friend. It feels great to have someone support your perspective. Can something that feels so good really be so wrong? Bushman says it’s not always a bad thing to get something off your chest. Talking through a negative feeling with the goal of understanding why something bothered you and how to better respond in the future, such as with a therapist, can be beneficial, he says. But venting becomes less helpful, Cougle says, when it’s mean-spirited—when you repeat the same thing you’ve done many times, keeping yourself stuck in that past anger without trying to move past it. When you feel yourself getting stuck in the trap of venting, look for healthier coping strategies. If yoga and meditation aren’t your thing, try a quick shift in perspective. Bushman’s research supports the “fly-on-the-wall” technique, which challenges angry people to imagine themselves as a third party observing the situation that made them angry. And finally, don’t underestimate the impact of anger — that is, getting angry when you’re hungry. Science suggests it’s a real phenomenon. So next time you feel yourself gearing up for a venting session, think of grabbing a snack and taking a few deep breaths instead. 1. What is the traditional belief of venting? A. Nothing can be worse than venting. B. Venting may lead to worse emotions. C. Letting anger out always works well. D. Releasing negative feelings is logical. 2. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. The problem of venting while angry. B. The benefit of taking some deep breaths. C. The temporary relief from venting anger. D. The lessened anger after hitting something. 3. Why is the “fly-on-the-wall” technique mentioned in paragraph 5? A. To challenge angry people. B. To replace yoga and meditation. C. To illustrate change in perspective. D. To observe the situation as a third party. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. The psychological risk of venting and its influence. B. The harm of venting anger and its coping techniques. C. The science of hunger-related anger and its solutions. D. The development of catharsis theory and its modern debates. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍发泄愤怒的危害及应对技巧。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“For a long time, psychologists believed in “catharsis theory,” or the idea that it’s better to release negative emotions than hold onto them. (长期以来，心理学家们信奉“宣泄理论”，即认为释放负面情绪比压抑它们更好的观点。)”可知，传统的发泄观点是释放负面情绪是合乎逻辑的。故选D项。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“The problem is that when you’re furious (愤怒的), it feels better to shout angrily than it does to take some centering deep breaths. (他说，尽管像打沙袋这样的活动实际上并不能减轻愤怒，但“75%的人表示在做了这些活动后感觉更好”。)”可知，研究发现75%的人认为这些活动后会感觉更好，由此可知，研究中发现的“that”指的是发泄愤怒带来的暂时缓解。故选C项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“When you feel yourself getting stuck in the trap of venting, look for healthier coping strategies. If yoga and meditation aren’t your thing, try a quick shift in perspective. Bushman’s research supports the “fly-on-the-wall” technique, which challenges angry people to imagine themselves as a third party observing the situation that made them angry. (当你感觉自己陷入宣泄的陷阱时，要寻找更健康的应对策略。如果瑜伽和冥想不合你的心意，试试快速转换视角。布什曼的研究支持“墙上苍蝇”技巧，即让愤怒的人想象自己作为第三方观察令他们生气的情境。)”可推断，第五段提到“墙上苍蝇”技巧是为了说明视角的变化。故选C项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“But back in 2002, Brad Bushman, a professor of communication at the Ohio State University, published a study that questioned that logic, saying that venting (发泄) “is the worst thing you can do” when you’ re mad and it’s “adding more fuel to the fire.”(但早在2002年，俄亥俄州立大学传播学教授布拉德・布什曼发表了一项研究，对这一逻辑提出了质疑。他指出，生气时发泄“是你能做的最糟糕的事情”，这无异于“火上浇油”。)”可知，文章先指出传统宣泄理论的问题，接着说明发泄愤怒的危害，最后介绍应对技巧，“发泄愤怒的危害及其应对技巧”最能概括全文。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·广东东莞·期末） Have you ever thought about going on holiday and helping the planet at the same time? If so, Eco-tourism might be just what you’ re looking for. Eco-tourism, also known as ecological tourism, is a way to travel that tries to keep the environment safe and support efforts to look after nature. It’s like an adventure where you help protect the Earth. Eco-tourism is all about travelling responsibly. This means caring for the environment and helping local people in the places you visit. A real-life example of an Eco-holiday is the Sea Turtle Conservation Project in Costa Rica. This holiday offers a unique learning experience for those who love nature. When tourists arrive, guides introduce them to the amazing world of sea turtles. They learn about different turtle species, their life cycles, and the challenges they face in the wild. The guides teach why conservation matters and how tourists can help. Tourists can join local researchers on night patrols along the shore, looking for nesting turtles. They learn to spot turtle tracks and nests, and if they’ re lucky, they might see a turtle laying eggs. They help protect these nests by moving eggs to safe places. When the eggs hatch, tourists have the joy of releasing baby turtles into the ocean. Besides conservation work, tourists can enjoy Costa Rica’s beautiful nature — they can explore rainforest, see other wildlife, and relax on lovely sands. By going on an Eco-holiday like this, tourists have an unforgettable adventure and help protect sea turtles. They return home with special memories, new knowledge, and a bigger love for the natural world. Of course, we all love to go on holiday, but we must recognize that traditional tourism is becoming less sustainable due to the harm it causes to the environment. Eco-tourism offers a smarter way to explore the world — one that helps nature thrive and ensures future generations can enjoy its beauty too. 1. What is the main goal of Eco-tourism? A. To replace traditional tourism. B. To focus on adventure activities. C. To provide luxury accommodations. D. To protect the nature and support locals. 2. What can be inferred about the Sea Turtle Conservation Project? A. It enables tourists to explore underwater. B. It is intended for professional researchers. C. It combines education with protection work. D. It highlights entertainment over conservation. 3. How does the author develop the passage? A. By illustrating with a specific example. B. By comparing different types of tourism. C. By listing statistics about tourist numbers. D. By introducing traditional tourism practices. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生态旅游的概念、目标，以哥斯达黎加的海龟保护项目为例说明生态旅游的具体活动，还指出其相较于传统旅游的优势。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Eco-tourism is all about travelling responsibly. This means caring for the environment and helping local people in the places you visit.(生态旅游就是要进行负责任的旅行。这意味着要关爱环境并帮助你所到访地方的当地人)”可知，生态旅游的主要目标是保护自然和支持当地居民。故选D项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“When tourists arrive, guides introduce them to the amazing world of sea turtles. They learn about different turtle species, their life cycles, and the challenges they face in the wild. The guides teach why conservation matters and how tourists can help.(当游客到达时，导游会向他们介绍神奇的海龟世界。他们了解不同的海龟物种、它们的生命周期以及它们在野外面临的挑战。导游会讲解保护的重要性以及游客可以如何提供帮助)”和第四段中“Tourists can join local researchers on night patrols along the shore, looking for nesting turtles. They learn to spot turtle tracks and nests, and if they’ re lucky, they might see a turtle laying eggs. They help protect these nests by moving eggs to safe places. When the eggs hatch, tourists have the joy of releasing baby turtles into the ocean.(游客可以和当地的研究人员一起沿着海岸夜间巡逻，寻找筑巢的海龟。他们学会发现海龟的踪迹和巢穴，如果幸运的话，他们可能会看到海龟在产卵。它们通过把蛋移到安全的地方来保护这些巢穴。当海龟蛋孵化时，游客们会享受将小海龟放归大海的乐趣)”可知，海龟保护项目既让游客学习到关于海龟的知识，又让游客参与到保护工作中。由此推知，海龟保护项目将教育与保护工作相结合。故选C项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。文章第一、二段提出生态旅游的概念和目标，随后第三段“A real life example of an Eco holiday is the Sea Turtle Conservation Project in Costa Rica.(一个真实的生态旅游假期的例子是哥斯达黎加的海龟保护项目)”和下文详细介绍了哥斯达黎加的海龟保护项目和该项目中游客的活动等内容。由此可知，作者是通过举哥斯达黎加海龟保护项目这个具体例子来展开文章，以介绍生态旅游。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·湖北十堰·期末） Implants coated in bacteria could be used during bone fracture (骨折) surgery to help speed recovery and prevent post-operative infections. When someone suffers a fracture, surgery is sometimes needed to help it mend correctly. A common technique is to use a metal implant to help broken bones stay in a line while recovering. The bone slowly grows together with the metal as it mends. Lei Tan at Hubei University in Wuhan, China, and his team tested whether coating an implant in the bacterium, Lactobacillus casei (L. casei), which is found in yogurt, could improve recovery. This species is known to control the immune environment, which could support tissue generation, and to release antibacterial substances. To do this, the researchers gave metal implants to rats with broken bones. Three of the rats received standard implants and three had implants coated in dead L. casei bacteria. After four weeks, the team found there was a 27 percent increase in bone tissue in the rats with the bacteria-covered implants compared with a 16 percent increase in rats with regular implants. An increase in bone tissue is a sign that the fracture is healing. One potential risk of implants is infection at the site where the implant meets the bone. So the team also tested if their L. casei-treated implant was more resistant to infection by coating it in multi-drug resistant bacteria, which can cause infections. After 12 hours, the researchers found that 99.9 percent of these bacteria were dead. “Bacteria play an important role in the digestive system and there is increasing evidence to suggest that their benefits can be applied outside there,” says Matthew Wook Chang at the National University of Singapore. 1. Why did Lei Tan and his team conduct the experiment? A. To cure rats with broken bones. B. To identify beneficial bacteria. C. To understand infection causes. D. To test bacteria-coated implants. 2. How are bacteria-coated implants superior to regular implants? A. They release antibacterial substances. B. They get rid of the risk of getting infected. C. They speed up the recovering process greatly. D. They cut the costs of taking an implant surgery. 3. What can be implied from Matthew Wook Chang’s words? A. Many infections are closely related to bacteria. B. Bacteria can have a wide range of applications. C. Bacteria have a negative effect on human health. D. The digestive system can function better without bacteria. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. Healing with bacteria B. Bone surgery breakthrough C. The role of Lactobacillus casei D. The future of implant technology 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国湖北大学的Lei Tan及其团队进行的一项实验，该实验测试了涂有干酪乳杆菌（L. casei）的植入物在骨折手术中的应用效果，发现这种植入物能显著加速骨折愈合并具有抗菌作用。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Lei Tan at Hubei University in Wuhan, China, and his team tested whether coating an implant in the bacterium, Lactobacillus casei (L. casei), which is found in yogurt, could improve recovery. (中国湖北大学的Lei Tan和他的团队测试了涂有酸奶中发现的干酪乳杆菌（L. casei）的植入物是否能改善恢复情况。)”可知，Lei Tan和他的团队进行实验是为了测试涂有细菌的植入物是否能改善恢复情况。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“After four weeks, the team found there was a 27 percent increase in bone tissue in the rats with the bacteria-covered implants compared with a 16 percent increase in rats with regular implants. An increase in bone tissue is a sign that the fracture is healing. (四周后，研究小组发现，与使用普通植入物的老鼠相比，使用细菌覆盖植入物的老鼠的骨组织增加了27%。骨组织的增加是骨折愈合的迹象。)”可知，涂有细菌的植入物比普通植入物能显著加速恢复过程。故选C项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Bacteria play an important role in the digestive system and there is increasing evidence to suggest that their benefits can be applied outside there,” says Matthew Wook Chang at the National University of Singapore. (新加坡国立大学的Matthew Wook Chang说：“细菌在消化系统中扮演着重要角色，越来越多的证据表明，它们的好处可以应用到消化系统之外。”)”可知，Matthew Wook Chang的话暗示了细菌具有广泛的应用范围。故选B项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Implants coated in bacteria could be used during bone fracture (骨折) surgery to help speed recovery and prevent post-operative infections. (涂有细菌的植入物可在骨折手术期间使用，以帮助加速恢复并防止术后感染。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了涂有细菌的植入物在骨折手术中的应用及其效果，因此“Healing with bacteria (用细菌治疗)”作为标题最合适。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·江苏苏州·期末） The ants are violent predatory (食肉的) animals, eating other insects, sometimes even frogs, lizards and birds. But what’s even more remarkable about them is their architectural skills. Commonly found in Central America, South America and Africa, the ants search forest floors in long hunting lines. When they encounter a gap between leaves or branches, they build a bridge, linking themselves together like a group of monkeys. “The workers will string themselves across that gap, and then other workers will walk on top of them,” Isabella Muratore, an expert at the New Jersey Institute of Technology told NPR. “Basically, they create shortcuts to make things easier for the other ants or just to allow them to travel across something that they otherwise couldn’t.” Muratore studied the ants’ decision-making by intentionally placing objects which block their way. She said the ants build bridges where they get the greatest benefit for the least amount of bodies, and she identified a sweet spot where the gap is large enough to justify building a bridge, but not so large that it takes too many ants to do so. She also found that a string of bridges can influence how much ant power the ants are willing to invest in each individual bridge. Importantly, despite individually having small brains, the ants collectively weigh the costs and benefits of a bridge, Muratore said. David Hu, a professor of engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, said “this type of research is casting new light on the collective intelligence of army ants.” He compares the individual ants to “neurons (神经元) in a big moving brain.” with no singular ant deciding where to build bridges. The collective decision making of ants also has implications for human technology. Engineers have already applied such behaviors learned from ant research to building algorithms (算法) for self-assembling robots. “Ants are kind of existence proof that such robots would actually be able to survive and have a lot of interesting problems to solve in the real world.” Hu said. “Ants are really capable at solving these things with really, really little brainpower.” 1. How do ants build bridges when facing gaps? A. By piling up surrounding stones. B. By connecting their bodies. C. By requiring workers to string them. D. By collecting leaves and branches. 2. When building bridges, the ants consider the following factors EXCEPT ______ . A. The time they build a bridge B. The size of the gap C. The ant power they invest D. The number of bridges 3. What does “a big moving brain” refer to in paragraph 4? A. A special brain. B. The brains of ants. C. The ant army. D. The bridge built by ants. 4. Which saying best describes the ant-inspired robots’ working principle? A. Marching ants bring pouring rain. B. Too many cooks ruin the soup. C. Many hands make light work. D. Think twice before you act. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了蚂蚁的捕食特性以及它们在建筑方面的技能，尤其是它们如何集体决策来建造桥梁，以及这种行为对人类技术的影响。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“When they encounter a gap between leaves or branches, they build a bridge, linking themselves together like a group of monkeys. (当它们遇到树叶或树枝之间的缝隙时，它们会建造一座桥，像一群猴子一样把自己连接在一起。)”可知，蚂蚁在遇到缝隙时会通过连接自己的身体来建造桥梁。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“She said the ants build bridges where they get the greatest benefit for the least amount of bodies, and she identified a sweet spot where the gap is large enough to justify building a bridge, but not so large that it takes too many ants to do so. She also found that a string of bridges can influence how much ant power the ants are willing to invest in each individual bridge. (她说，蚂蚁会在以最少的蚂蚁数量获得最大利益的地方建造桥梁，她发现了一个最佳点，即缝隙足够大，足以证明建造桥梁是合理的，但又不会大到需要太多蚂蚁来建造。她还发现，一连串的桥梁会影响蚂蚁愿意在每座桥梁上投入多少蚂蚁力量。)”可知，蚂蚁在建造桥梁时会考虑缝隙的大小、投入的蚂蚁力量以及桥梁的数量，但没有提到考虑建造桥梁的时间。故选A项。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“David Hu, a professor of engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, said “this type of research is casting new light on the collective intelligence of army ants.” He compares the individual ants to “neurons (神经元) in a big moving brain.” with no singular ant deciding where to build bridges. (佐治亚理工学院工程学教授David Hu说：“这类研究正在揭示行军蚁的集体智慧。”他把单个蚂蚁比作“一个移动的大脑中的神经元”，没有一只蚂蚁决定在哪里建造桥梁。)”可知，David Hu将单个蚂蚁比作一个移动的大脑中的神经元，而整个蚂蚁群体则被比作一个移动的大脑，因此“a big moving brain”指的是蚂蚁大军。故选C项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Engineers have already applied such behaviors learned from ant research to building algorithms (算法) for self-assembling robots. “Ants are kind of existence proof that such robots would actually be able to survive and have a lot of interesting problems to solve in the real world.” Hu said. “Ants are really capable at solving these things with really, really little brainpower.” (工程师们已经将从蚂蚁研究中学习到的这种行为应用于构建自组装机器人的算法。“蚂蚁的存在证明了这种机器人实际上能够在现实世界中生存，并有很多有趣的问题需要解决。”Hu说。“蚂蚁真的能够用非常非常少的脑力来解决这些问题。”)”可知，蚂蚁虽然个体脑力有限，但通过集体协作能够完成复杂的任务，这启示我们人多力量大，众人拾柴火焰高。因此，C项“Many hands make light work. (人多好办事。)”最能描述受蚂蚁启发的机器人的工作原理。故选C项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下·山东日照·期末） Eating herbs and spices could be the key to preventing mosquitoes from biting, a study suggests. Experts from Johns Hopkins University set up a complicated trial in an ice rink-sized testing field in Zambia to find out which people are most appealing to mosquitoes. In one experiment the team asked six people to sleep in single-person tents which had a pipe pumping out the nightly smell of the occupant onto a monitored mosquito landing platform. They found that the mosquitoes were consistently drawn to the smells of people giving off more carboxylic acids (羧酸), but were beaten back by a person who had raised levels of eucalyptol (桉树精油). Eucalyptol, a fragrant component of many plants, is a common ingredient in toothpaste and mouthwash. Dr. Conor McMeniman, assistant professor at Johns Hopkins University, said, “Our study reflects that high levels of eucalyptol in your body scent may make you less attractive to mosquitoes.” Interestingly, all humans whose body scent analyzed in this study seemed to send out some eucalyptol. However, the person that was least attractive to mosquitoes had higher amounts of the chemical. This person likely obtained this compound from plant-based foods in their diet; but it is also possible that it could also have been from external products as eucalyptol is also a common ingredient in toothpaste and mouthwash. Experts think that as well as producing a strong unpleasant smell, eucalyptol may also act as a deodorizing agent (除臭剂) which neutralizes or masks the other chemicals that attract mosquitoes. “Most studies of mosquito preference have been performed in laboratory settings that do not represent how the insects act in the wild,” Dr. McMeniman said. Each night, the researchers released 200 hungry mosquitoes into the field and monitored their activity using motion cameras. Dr. McMeniman said, “To definitively conclude that high levels of eucalyptol in one’s diet would drive mosquitoes away, it would require a clinical trial with larger numbers of human volunteers which we didn’t perform here.” 1. What does Johns Hopkins University’s experiment focus on? A. Mosquitoes’ preference for humans’ body smell. B. Effects of different chemicals on people’s energy. C. Significance of tents in keeping mosquitoes away. D. Links between men’s sleep patterns and mosquitoes. 2. What is stressed about eucalyptol in paragraph 3? A. Its function. B. Its application. C. Its features. D. Its ingredients. 3. What can be inferred about the people least attractive to mosquitoes? A. They may have prepared toilet water. B. They may have applied heavy make-up. C. They may have bought a deodorizing agent. D. They may have used products with eucalyptol. 4. What does Dr. McMeniman imply in the last paragraph? A. Previous experiments contradict current findings. B. The role of eucalyptol intake needs further proof. C. The number of wild mosquitoes is underestimated. D. Lab studies are restricted to mosquitoes’ distribution. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现，人体释放的桉叶油醇可能会降低自身对蚊子的吸引力，这种成分常见于植物性食物和日化产品，但实际效果仍需更大规模实验验证。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Experts from Johns Hopkins University set up a complicated trial in an ice rink-sized testing field in Zambia to find out which people are most appealing to mosquitoes. (约翰霍普金斯大学的专家们在赞比亚一个溜冰场大小的试验场进行了一项复杂的试验，以找出哪些人最吸引蚊子)”和第二段中“They found that the mosquitoes were consistently drawn to the smells of people giving off more carboxylic acids (羧酸), but were beaten back by a person who had raised levels of eucalyptol (桉树精油). (他们发现，蚊子一直被散发更多羧酸的人的气味所吸引，但被桉叶油醇含量升高的人击退)”可知，该实验的发现揭示了人体散发的气味与吸引蚊子之间的关联，因此它聚焦的是蚊子对人体气味的偏好。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Experts think that as well as producing a strong unpleasant smell, eucalyptol may also act as a deodorizing agent (除臭剂) which neutralizes or masks the other chemicals that attract mosquitoes. (专家认为，除了产生强烈的难闻气味外，桉叶油醇还可以作为除臭剂，中和或掩盖吸引蚊子的其他化学物质)”可知，该段强调了桉叶油醇的驱蚊功能。故选A项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, the person that was least attractive to mosquitoes had higher amounts of the chemical. This person likely obtained this compound from plant-based foods in their diet; but it is also possible that it could also have been from external products as eucalyptol is also a common ingredient in toothpaste and mouthwash. (然而，对蚊子最不具吸引力的人体内的这种化学物质含量更高。这个人可能从饮食中的植物性食物中获得这种化合物；但也有可能是来自外部产品，因为桉叶油醇也是牙膏和漱口水中的常见成分)”可知，桉叶油醇既可以从饮食中摄取，也可能来自牙膏或漱口水等外部产品，因此对蚊子吸引力最低的人可能使用了含桉叶油醇的产品。故选D项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中McMeniman博士所说的话“To definitively conclude that high levels of eucalyptol in one’s diet would drive mosquitoes away, it would require a clinical trial with larger numbers of human volunteers which we didn’t perform here. (为了明确地得出饮食中高含量的桉叶油醇会赶走蚊子的结论，这需要进行大量人类志愿者的临床试验，而我们没有在这里进行)”可知，他指出该结论需要更大规模的临床试验进行验证，暗示桉叶油醇摄入的作用还需要进一步证明。故选B项。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·湖北襄阳·期末） In a region in Georgia, a mysterious Bashplemi tablet (碑) has surfaced with a completely new writing system. The tablet measures about 24 by 20 cm and features at least 60 characters. However, researchers can’t confirm the structure of this system, its origin, or the meaning of the characters. And dating the tablet currently remains out of reach. The design suggests an excellent level of aesthetic (美学的) value, indicating the message held significant importance. In 2021, fishermen on Lake Bashplemi accidentally caught sight of the tablet. Experts explain that what appears to be a series of unrecognizable symbols, such as three lines, is actually developed for its age, though that’s unconfirmed. The characters even show signs of skill. The makers first used a pointed tool to lay the symbols into the stone. To create a smooth series of characters, they then applied rounded tools, which shows a fair amount of work went into laying the message into the stone. In an attempt to draw connections with other ancient texts, similarities can be found between the new text and the Kartvelian language script (文字系统) from the 4th millennium BCE. Moreover, it has traces (痕迹) of two ancient writing systems from the Near East. It is possible that interactions occurred between these ancient groups. ‌“Most of the symbols used in it are similar to those found in the scripts of the Middle East, India and Egypt,” wrote researchers in a new study. However, they stress that this is an entirely new form of text, which does not replicate any system of writing known to us. And it may change current beliefs about ancient writing systems greatly. Early surveys of the area showed the presence of ancient houses. Lake Bashplemi, however, hasn’t received the attention it should have. For the study of ancient writing, this tablet is an exciting discovery. It may even be the never-before-seen writing system from ancient Colchis, a region in western Georgia. This points to the possibility of many more important discoveries waiting to be made. 1. What challenges researchers about the Bashplemi tablet? A. Determining its cultural value. B. Approaching its discovery site. C. Understanding its writing system. D. Examining its protection methods. 2. What can we know about the ancient makers? A. Their focus on content over creativity. B. Their limited access to local resources. C. Their strategic use of specialized tools. D. Their accidental discovery of tool usage. 3. What does the underlined word ‌“replicate” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Change. B. Influence. C. Damage. D. Copy. 4. What does the discovery of this tablet imply? A. The region is of great research value. B. Early surveys of the area are misleading. C. Ancient people kept updating writing systems. D. The tablet was purposely hidden by ancient people. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在格鲁吉亚发现的神秘Bashplemi碑，其文字系统未知，虽与其他古代文字有相似处，但却是全新形式，该发现暗示此地有重大研究价值。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, researchers can’t confirm the structure of this system, its origin, or the meaning of the characters. And dating the tablet currently remains out of reach. (然而，研究人员无法确定这个文字系统的结构、起源或字符的含义。而且目前还无法确定这块碑的年代)”可知，研究人员面临的挑战是理解其文字系统。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The characters even show signs of skill. The makers first used a pointed tool to lay the symbols into the stone. To create a smooth series of characters, they then applied rounded tools, which shows a fair amount of work went into laying the message into the stone. (这些字符甚至显示出精湛的工艺。制作者先用尖头工具在石料上刻出符号轮廓，再使用圆头工具进行打磨，最终形成流畅连贯的字符序列，可见当时为铭刻这些信息投入了相当大的工作量)”可知，古代制作者先用尖头工具刻出符号轮廓，再使用圆头工具进行打磨，说明他们策略性地使用了专门的工具。故选C项。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“However, they stress that this is an entirely new form of text, which does not replicate any system of writing known to us. (然而，他们强调这是一种全新的文字形式，它并不……我们已知的任何文字系统)”中“an entirely new form of text”可知，这次发现的是全新的文字形式，所以它没有复制已知的文字系统。划线词“replicate”意思是“复制”，与D项“Copy”意思相近。故选D项。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“For the study of ancient writing, this tablet is an exciting discovery. It may even be the never-before-seen writing system from ancient Colchis, a region in western Georgia. This points to the possibility of many more important discoveries waiting to be made. (对于古代文字研究来说，这块碑是一个令人兴奋的发现。它甚至可能是来自格鲁吉亚西部古代科尔基斯地区从未见过的文字系统。这表明还有更多重要的发现有待发掘)”可知，该碑的发现暗示该地区有很大的研究价值。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·江苏徐州·期末） Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei said last week that artificial intelligence could wipe out half of all entry-level white-collar jobs within five years, making the unemployment rate as high as 20%. Is that true? Humans have experienced several technological disruptions (扰乱) before, and now we have adapted to meet them. AI won’t be any different. There was a time when the elevators in hotels and office buildings were staffed by human operators. Then in the 1930s, elevator companies began installing “robot elevators” with automatic controls, and eventually elevator operators completely disappeared, with no tide of unemployment. Some people see AI as a job killer. However, research shows that broad adoption of AI could boost the country’s productivity growth by 1.5% per year, resulting in higher salaries, higher profits and more savings. Those people do not realize that the savings from increased productivity is recycled back into the economy. This creates new demand and in turn creates more jobs. Some are entirely new, such as “content creator assistant,” and others are existing jobs that are higher in demand because people have more money to spend — for example, personal trainers. Further, there is a great deal of work that only humans can do. Self-driving school buses will still need an adult to watch the kids. As for police, AI robots won’t be arresting criminals anytime soon. It’s a similar story for CEOs, fashion models and flight attendants. Most occupations involve working with other people, with things or with ideas that are too complex for AI to handle alone. Let’s imagine that Mr. Amodei’s forecast turns out to be accurate. Entry-level white-collar jobs account for less than 15% of the U. S. labor force. Wiping out half of them in five years would mean roughly 2.6 million jobs lost per year. That sounds like a lot, but the fact is that about 20 million U. S. workers are laid off every year. In other words, the supposed AI job loss, even if it occurred, would be the equivalent of only about six weeks of normal labor-market disturbance. 1. Why is “elevator operators” mentioned? A. To justify a job. B. To illustrate a point. C. To introduce a topic. D. To make a prediction. 2. What do people viewing AI as a job killer fail to understand? A. Jobs lost will be lost forever. B. Some jobs will never disappear. C. Application of AI creates jobs. D. Jobs involving AI are in demand. 3. What does the last paragraph focus on? A. What effects AI has on the U. S. labor-market. B. What makes Mr. Amodei make the prediction. C. Why Mr. Amodei’s forecast makes little sense. D. Why we should take AI development seriously. 4. What does the author mainly argue for? A. It’s time to get ready for AI’s arrival. B. Humans have adapted to AI advances. C. Some jobs are not suitable for AI to do. D. AI is not responsible for unemployment. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述人工智能对就业的影响，作者通过历史技术革新案例、经济学分析和工作特性，反驳AI会导致大规模失业的担忧，作者认为AI不会导致大量失业，因历史技术变革未引发失业潮，且AI可提升生产力、创造新需求及人类专属工作。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Humans have experienced several technological disruptions (扰乱) before, and now we have adapted to meet them. AI won’t be any different. There was a time when the elevators in hotels and office buildings were staffed by human operators. Then in the 1930s, elevator companies began installing “robot elevators” with automatic controls, and eventually elevator operators completely disappeared, with no tide of unemployment.(人类此前经历过多次技术变革，如今我们也已适应并应对了这些变革。人工智能也不例外。曾经有段时间，酒店和办公楼里的电梯都是由人工操作员来操控的。到了20世纪30年代，电梯公司开始安装配备自动控制系统的‘机器人电梯’，最终电梯操作员完全消失不见了，而且也没有出现大规模的失业潮)”可知，提到“电梯操作员”是为了阐明一个观点，技术革新虽取代旧工作但未引发失业，以此支撑AI不会导致失业的核心观点。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Those people do not realize that the savings from increased productivity is recycled back into the economy. This creates new demand and in turn creates more jobs.(这些人没有意识到，由于生产效率的提高所节省下来的资金会重新投入经济之中。这会带来新的需求，进而创造更多的就业机会)”可知，那些将人工智能视为会取代工作岗位的人没有理解到人工智能的应用会创造新的工作岗位。故选C。 【3题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Let’s imagine that Mr. Amodei’s forecast turns out to be accurate. Entry-level white-collar jobs account for less than 15% of the U. S. labor force. Wiping out half of them in five years would mean roughly 2.6 million jobs lost per year. That sounds like a lot, but the fact is that about 20 million U. S. workers are laid off every year. In other words, the supposed AI job loss, even if it occurred, would be the equivalent of only about six weeks of normal labor-market disturbance.(假设阿莫迪先生的预测是准确的。美国的初级白领工作岗位仅占劳动力总数的不到15%。在五年内将其削减一半意味着每年将有大约260万个工作岗位消失。这听起来确实很多，但事实是，美国每年约有 2000 万工人失业。换句话说，即便所谓的‘人工智能导致的失业’情况真的发生了，那也只是相当于正常劳动力市场波动的约六周时间)”可知，最后一段的重点是为什么阿莫迪先生的预测毫无意义。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，根据第二段中“Humans have experienced several technological disruptions (扰乱) before, and now we have adapted to meet them. AI won’t be any different.(人类之前经历过几次技术颠覆，现在我们已经适应了它们。AI不会有什么不同。)”、第三段中“Some people see AI as a job killer. However, research shows that broad adoption of AI could boost the country’s productivity growth by 1.5% per year, resulting in higher salaries, higher profits and more savings. (有些人将人工智能视为工作杀手。然而，研究表明，广泛采用人工智能可以使该国的生产率每年增长1.5%，从而带来更高的工资、更高的利润和更多的储蓄。)”以及第四段中“Further, there is a great deal of work that only humans can do. (此外，有很多工作只有人类才能做。)”可知，作者认为人类能够适应AI进步，AI的应用反而可能创造新工作机会，且有些工作AI无法替代，由此可知，作者主要论证AI不是失业的责任源头，并非造成失业的原因。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·江苏徐州·期末） How should water flow through fields? What directions and widths are appropriate for ridge (田埂) planting? Where should more fertilizer be applied, and where should less be applied? These once-general farming questions have now become precise, science-guided considerations in China's efforts to protect its valuable farmland. The black soil in the northeastern provinces is often called the “giant panda of cultivated land” due to its scarcity (稀缺) and fertility. Over the years, it has suffered varying degrees of degradation, mainly due to over-exploitation (过度开发) and climate change. Scientists are now developing tailored cultivation techniques and conservation measures to safeguard food security and ecological balance there. To address this, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), in collaboration with other relevant authorities, launched the “Black Soil Granary” program in 2021. The initiative aims to provide scientific and technological support to control soil degradation and promote modern agricultural practices. So far, scientists have created a comprehensive solution that enables a systematic understanding of the black soil. This includes detailed diagnostics, customized recommendations, and technical treatments. Integrating remote sensing, satellite positioning, and artificial intelligence, researchers have even developed an advanced mobile app that connects with smart agricultural machinery. This app provides farmers with real-time information on soil composition, weather conditions, crop growth, natural disasters, and yield forecasts. It also offers precise farming guidance, including how to fertilize, irrigate, sow seeds, and spray pesticides. The app can generate detailed fertilization maps and transmit them directly to intelligent machines, which then adjust fertilizer quantities on the go, enhancing efficiency while reducing environmental impact. The results have been significant. Fertilizer use has dropped by 5 to 15 percent, while yields have risen by 5.48 to 14.2 percent. On nine pilot farms, grain production has increased by 5 to 22 percent, and soil erosion has been reduced by 70 percent. 1. Why is the black soil called the “giant panda of cultivated land”? A. Because it is vital and dear. B. Because it is rare and fertile. C. Because it is rich and abundant. D. Because it is fragile and endangered. 2. What does the underlined word “degradation” probably mean? A. Lessening. B. Worsening. C. Desertification. D. Pollution. 3. What does the author try to illustrate by listing the figures in the last paragraph? A. Effective guidance. B. Successful preservation. C. Impressive improvements. D. Remarkable policies. 4. What would be the best title for the text? A. Sci-tech methods tailored for black soil B. Natural forces causing black soil decline C. Smart farming apps designed for black soil D. Protection measures boosting black soil yield 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述科学家及有关部门启动“黑土粮仓”计划，用科技保护东北的黑土地。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The black soil in the northeastern provinces is often called the ‘giant panda of cultivated land’ due to its scarcity (稀缺) and fertility.(东北省份的黑土因其稀缺性和肥力，常被称为‘耕地中的大熊猫’)”可知，东北省份的黑土因其稀缺性和肥力而被称为“耕地中的大熊猫”，故选B。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后“mainly due to over-exploitation (过度开发) and climate change(主要是由于过度开发和气候变化)”可知，土地因过度开发和气候变化应是会遭到破坏，degradation意为“毁坏，恶化”，故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The results have been significant. Fertilizer use has dropped by 5 to 15 percent, while yields have risen by 5.48 to 14.2 percent. On nine pilot farms, grain production has increased by 5 to 22 percent, and soil erosion has been reduced by 70 percent.(结果是显著的。化肥使用量下降了5%至15%，而产量却上升了5.48%至14.2%。在9个试点农场，粮食产量增加了5%至22%，土壤侵蚀减少了70%)”可知，第一句提到结果是显著的，接着下文通过列举数据说明显著的效果，故选C。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“Scientists are now developing tailored cultivation techniques and conservation measures to safeguard food security and ecological balance there.(科学家们现在正在开发量身定制的种植技术和保护措施，以保障那里的粮食安全和生态平衡)”可知，文章主要讲述科学家及有关部门启动“黑土粮仓”计划，用科技保护东北的黑土地，A项“为黑土量身定制的科技方法”最适合作为标题，故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下·山东青岛·期末） The most recent generation of chatbots has surfaced long-term concerns about the growing wisdom and accessibility of artificial intelligence (AI). And fears about the integrity of the job market have spread to the classroom. Yet the truth is that the effects of large-scale language models such as ChatGPT will touch virtually every corner of our lives. These new tools raise society-wide concerns about AI’s role in spreading misinformation, committing identity theft, and more. A team of researchers is seeking to empower tech users to reduce these risks. The study uses data from Real or Fake Text, an original web-based training game. This game is remarkable for transforming the standard experimental method for detection studies into a more accurate model of how people use AI to generate text. In standard methods, participants are asked to indicate in a yes-or-no fashion whether a given text is produced by a machine. This task involves simply classifying a text as real or fake and responses are scored as correct or not. The new model significantly transforms the standard detection study into an effective training task by showing examples that all begin as human-written. Each example then transitions (过渡) into an AI-generated text, asking participants to mark where they believe this transition begins. Participants identify and describe the features of the text and receive a score. The study results show that participants scored significantly better than random chance, providing evidence that AI-created text is detectable. The study speaks not only to artificial intelligence today, but also outlines a reassuring, even exciting, future for our relationship to this technology. “Five years ago,” says Maggie, a researcher in the study, “models couldn’t stay on topic or produce a fluent sentence. Now, they rarely make a grammar mistake. Our study identifies the kind of errors that characterize AI chatbots, but it’s important to keep in mind that these errors have evolved and will continue to evolve. The shift to be concerned about is not that AI-written text is undetectable. It’s that people will need to continue training themselves to recognize the difference and work with detection software as a supplement (补充).” 1. What does paragraph 1 focus on? A. The problems caused by AI tools in job hunting. B. The influence of AI tools on classroom teaching. C. The application of AI tools to facilitate our lives. D. The widespread worries about the use of AI tools. 2. How does the new model differ from the standard detection methods? A. It provides immediate response and feedback. B. It involves judging the texts given as real or fake. C. It offers examples to help trainees understand more. D. It asks participants to mark the start of the transition. 3. What can be inferred from Maggie’s words? A. AI models won’t make language errors nowadays. B. Detection software will be needed to ensure fluency. C. Abilities to identify AI-created texts should be improved. D. The errors AI made are ever-changing and undetectable. 4. What is the best title of the text? A. A Comprehensive Guide: Understand AI B. The Rise of AI: From Challenges to Chances C. Real or Fake Text: Learn to Spot the Difference D. The Evolution of Chatbots: From Errors to Concerns 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讨论了人工智能（AI）工具在社会中的广泛应用及其带来的担忧，特别是关于AI生成文本的检测问题。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The most recent generation of chatbots has surfaced long-term concerns about the growing wisdom and accessibility of artificial intelligence(AI). And fears about the integrity of the job market have spread to the classroom. Yet the truth is that the effects of large-scale language models such as ChatGPT will touch virtually every corner of our lives. These new tools raise society-wide concerns about AI’s role in spreading misinformation, committing identity theft, and more.(最新一代的聊天机器人引发了人们对人工智能日益增长的能力和可访问性的长期担忧。对就业市场完整性的担忧也蔓延到了课堂。然而，事实是像ChatGPT这样的大规模语言模型将几乎触及我们生活的每个角落。这些新工具引发了全社会对AI在传播错误信息、身份盗窃等方面的担忧)”可知，第一段主要讨论了AI工具的广泛应用及其带来的社会担忧。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The new model significantly transforms the standard detection study into an effective training task by showing examples that all begin as human-written. Each example then transitions into an AI-generated text, asking participants to mark where they believe this transition begins.(新模型通过展示以人类编写的文本为起点的示例，将标准的检测研究转变为一项有效的训练任务。每个示例随后过渡为AI生成的文本，要求参与者标记他们认为这种过渡开始的地方)”可知，新模型与标准检测方法的不同之处在于它要求参与者标记过渡的开始。故选D。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“The shift to be concerned about is not that AI-written text is undetectable. It’s that people will need to continue training themselves to recognize the difference and work with detection software as a supplement (补充).(需要关注的转变并不是AI生成的文本无法检测，而是人们需要继续训练自己以识别差异，并将检测软件作为补充)”可知，Maggie认为人们需要提高识别AI生成文本的能力。故选C。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，文根据第五段“The shift to be concerned about is not that AI-written text is undetectable. It’s that people will need to continue training themselves to recognize the difference and work with detection software as a supplement (补充).(需要关注的转变并不是AI生成的文本无法检测，而是人们需要继续训练自己以识别差异，并将检测软件作为补充)”文章主要讨论了AI生成文本的检测问题，并介绍了一项新的研究模型，旨在帮助人们更好地识别AI生成的文本。选项C“真实或虚假文本：学会识别差异”为短文的标题。故选C。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·广东广州·期末） Have you ever tried relaxing on a sunny beach, but your brain’s still stuck worrying? That’s because our brain tends to focus on the bad stuff. This is called “negativity bias (偏见)”, which helped our ancestors handle potential threats but now often traps us in cycles of overthinking. Psychologist Rick Hampson offers a science-backed solution in his book called Hardwiring Happiness. He explains that positive moments rarely leave a lasting mark unless we deliberately engage with them. This is where neuroplasticity, which means our brain can change and adapt based on what we do and think, comes in. Hampson’s research, beginning in the mid-2000s, started exploring how to use brain science to create lasting positive changes in the brain. By noticing and holding onto good experiences, we can activate our brain’s reward centers and promote positive changes. Although the sample size was small and lacked a control group, participants reported statistically feeling better, with improvements lasting up to two months. Then the HEAL method (Have a good experience, Enrich it, Absorb it, Link it to other experiences) was finally developed. Research shows that practices like mindfulness meditation (冥想) can be linked to changes in brain structure and function. Meditation and other thoughtful practices can promote neuroplasticity. Hampson also points out that social connections and feeling safe can reduce stress. He suggests that when we slow down and take a moment to feel close to friends, we’re changing our brain for the better. The real proof of Hampson’s approach lies in daily practice. He encourages people to engage in “mental hygiene” practices, which can be motivated by understanding how these activities benefit the brain. By asking ourselves if we’re a little happier, wiser, and more loving at the end of the day, we can take control of our well-being. In short, Hardwiring Happiness syncretizes brain science and practical daily habits. For those interested in transforming their well-being through science-backed methods, Hampson’s book provides valuable insights and techniques that can be easily integrated into everyday routines. By exploring Hardwiring Happiness, you can discover more about the science of happiness and learn practical techniques to enhance well-being. 1. What is the original function of “negativity bias”? A. To help humans to survive. B. To promote social connections. C. To remind people of bad things. D. To prevent people overthinking. 2. How does HEAL method work according to Hampson? A. By activating brain’s control centers. B. By strengthening positive experiences. C. By fighting against brain’s negativity bias. D. By removing negativity through meditation. 3. What does the underlined word “syncretizes” mean in the last paragraph? A. Bridges. B. Balances. C. Guides. D. Facilitates. 4. What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A. To display a bias. B. To introduce a concept. C. To recommend a new book. D. To promote a new lifestyle. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了心理学家Rick Hampson在《硬连线幸福》中提出通过科学方法提升幸福感并介绍了相关方法。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“That’s because our brain tends to focus on the bad stuff. This is called “negativity bias (偏见)”, which helped our ancestors handle potential threats but now often traps us in cycles of overthinking. (这是因为我们的大脑倾向于关注不好的事情。这被称为“消极偏见”，它帮助我们的祖先应对潜在的威胁，但现在却常常让我们陷入过度思考的循环中)”可知，“消极偏见”的原始功能是帮助人类生存。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“By noticing and holding onto good experiences, we can activate our brain’s reward centers and promote positive changes. (通过注意并抓住美好的经历，我们可以激活大脑的奖励中心，促进积极的改变)”以及“Then the HEAL method (Have a good experience, Enrich it, Absorb it, Link it to other experiences) was finally developed. (然后，HEAL方法（拥有美好的体验，丰富它，吸收它，将它与其他体验联系起来）最终被开发出来)”可知，HEAL方法是通过加强积极的体验来起作用的。故选B。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“In short, Hardwiring Happiness syncretizes brain science and practical daily habits. For those interested in transforming their well-being through science-backed methods, Hampson’s book provides valuable insights and techniques that can be easily integrated into everyday routines. (简而言之，《硬连线幸福》将脑科学与日常实践习惯syncretizes。对于想通过科学方法改善福祉的人而言，汉普森的书提供了宝贵洞见和技巧，这些都能轻松融入日常生活)”可知，对于想通过科学方法改善福祉的人而言，汉普森的书提供了宝贵洞见和技巧，这些都能轻松融入日常生活。由此可知，这本书将科学和日常生活结合在了一起，故syncretizes意思是“结合”。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“In short, Hardwiring Happiness syncretizes brain science and practical daily habits. For those interested in transforming their well-being through science-backed methods, Hampson’s book provides valuable insights and techniques that can be easily integrated into everyday routines. By exploring Hardwiring Happiness, you can discover more about the science of happiness and learn practical techniques to enhance well-being. (简而言之，《硬连线幸福》将脑科学与日常实践习惯相结合。对于想通过科学方法改善福祉的人而言，汉普森的书提供了宝贵洞见和技巧，这些都能轻松融入日常生活。探索《硬连线幸福》，你将发现更多关于幸福的科学，并学会提升福祉的实用技巧)”可知，文章主要介绍了心理学家Rick Hampson在书中提出通过科学方法提升幸福感并介绍了相关方法。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本新书。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·江苏南京·期末） Imagine waking up one morning to find your smartphone missing. You can no longer get guided to work, order your coffee, or connect with friends. For most of us, it is a nightmare. But it should not be exactly far-fetched. Despite being more digitally connected than ever, we are lonelier and more anxious. Anxiety rates increased by 25% globally. Depression now affects over 280 million people worldwide. All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep, meaningful engagement, which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored. While these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills. For example, GPS has undeniably transformed how we travel. But 2020 study found that frequent GPS users struggle more with self-guided navigation. Over time, those who depended more on GPS showed a sharp decline in spacial memory and problem-solving skill. However, reducing dependence on these conveniences can lead to discomfort. In seeking comfort today, we might be trading away some discomfort. That is the problem: the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us. Viewing stress, a kind of discomfort, as a challenge rather than a threat leads to better outcomes. Research shows that mild stress can enhance adaptability. Neuroscience reveals that neuroplasticity — the brain’s ability to form new connections — is enhanced through challenging experiences. This adaptability is crucial for developing resilience (抗逆力), a process fueled by both mental challenges and active effort. But this doesn’t mean we should reject comfort entirely; it’s to balance it with intentional discomfort. Think of it as “microdosing hardship” — a series of small, manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand. These small acts are enough to reawaken the resilience we’ve buried under layers of ease. So, the next time you feel the pull of ease, pause. Ask yourself: Is this momentary comfort helping me grow or is it keeping me stuck? Choosing discomfort isn’t easy, but sometimes, it’s worth it. 1. What does the underlined word “far-fetched” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Possible to change. B. Certain to function. C. Unlikely to be settled. D. Unable to be accepted. 2. What may digital conveniences cause according to the text? A. The fast but worthless relief. B. The loss of thinking capacity. C. The meaningful engagement. D. The lack of necessary comfort. 3. Which is a real-life application of “microdosing hardship”? A. Taking the stairs instead of the lift. B. Ordering take-out food after work. C. Exploring a new city by using GPS. D. Writing an email using voice-to-text. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Smartphones: barriers to human B. GPS: the invisible cost of convenience C. Stress: the main cause of brain damage D. Discomfort: a hidden source of resilience 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了数字便利带来的舒适可能削弱我们的能力，而适度的挑战和不适能增强我们的抗逆力。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Imagine waking up one morning to find your smartphone missing. You can no longer get guided to work, order your coffee, or connect with friends. For most of us, it is a nightmare. But it should not be exactly far-fetched. (想象一下，某天早晨醒来，你发现智能手机不见了。你再也无法靠它导航去上班、点咖啡，也无法与朋友们联系。对我们大多数人来说，这简直是一场噩梦。但这并非far-fetched。)”和第三段中“However, reducing dependence on these conveniences can lead to discomfort. In seeking comfort today, we might be trading away some discomfort. (然而，减少对这些便利的依赖可能会带来不适。在追求当下的舒适时，我们可能正在放弃一些不适。)”可知，手机丢失导致无法进行日常活动，对大多数人来说是个噩梦，但是这种不适并不是不可接受的。从而推知，划线词表示“这并不应该是无法被接受的”。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“While these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills. (虽然这些便利提供了短期的缓解，但它们可能会削弱我们的思维能力。)”以及“Over time, those who depended more on GPS showed a sharp decline in spacial memory and problem-solving skill. (随着时间的推移，那些更依赖GPS的人在空间记忆和解决问题的能力上出现了急剧下降。)”可知，数字便利可能会导致思维能力的丧失。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Think of it as “microdosing hardship” — a series of small, manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand. (把它想象成“微量服用困难”——一系列小的、可管理的困难，让我们的精神和情感肌肉保持强壮，比如用钢笔写字，或者用手洗碗。)”可知，“微量服用困难”指的是一系列小的、可管理的困难，这些困难能让我们的精神和情感肌肉保持强壮。A选项“Taking the stairs instead of the lift. (走楼梯而不是乘电梯。)”符合“微量服用困难”的定义，因为它是一个小的、可管理的困难，能够锻炼我们的身体和精神。故选A。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段中“That is the problem: the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us. (这就是问题所在：我们避免的不适往往正是让我们变得更强大的东西。)”、“This adaptability is crucial for developing resilience (抗逆力), a process fueled by both mental challenges and active effort. (这种适应性对于培养抗逆力至关重要，这一过程由心理挑战和积极努力共同推动。)”和最后一段中“These small acts are enough to reawaken the resilience we’ve buried under layers of ease. (这些小小的行为足以唤醒我们埋在层层安逸下的抗逆力。)”可知，文章主要讨论了数字便利带来的舒适可能削弱我们的能力，而适度的挑战和不适能增强我们的抗逆力。因此，D选项“Discomfort: a hidden source of resilience (不适：抗逆力的隐藏来源)”最符合文章主旨。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·江苏扬州·期末） In an age when smartphones deliver constant updates and social media fuels endless comparison, Generation Z (born between 1997-2012) is leading a cultural movement which is opposite the current trend in the fast-paced digital world: slow living. This philosophy, which emphasizes purpose over speed and quality over quantity, is gaining popularity as young people rebel (反叛) against the burnout culture that affected millennials (born between 1981-1996). Recent data from the Pew Research Center reveals that 58% of Gen Z surveyed actively limit their social media usage, while 43% have deleted at least one app to reduce digital stress. The shift goes beyond digital habits. A 2024 report by McKinsey Company highlights that 72% of Gen Z consumers prefer sustainable brands, even at higher price points, reflecting a rejection of fast fashion and unplanned consumption. Secondhand store shopping has increased by 35% among them since 2022, according to research firm GlobalData. Psychologists owe this to “climate anxiety” and a desire for being real. “Gen Z sees slow living as both self-care and activism (行动主义),” explains Dr. Hannah Lee, a behavioral scientist at UCLA. “They’re shaping lifestyles in line with their values-not just following trends.” However, critics argue that the movement’s ideals are easier to adopt for those in good financial situation. A study in The Journal of Social Economics notes that low-income Gen Z individuals are 40%less likely to participate in slow living practices like eating organic food or keeping only what they truly need, mainly because they have less money to spend. “Simplifying your life is a privilege when you’re working three odd jobs (零工),” comments sociologist Dr. Carlos Mendez. This difference has caused debates about whether slow living unintentionally excludes (排除在外) disadvantaged groups. The trend is reshaping industries. Tech companies now market “focus mode” apps that block distractions, while fashion brands promote “quiet luxury” — plain-looking but high-quality designs. Even workplaces are adapting, with 20%of U.S. firms trialing four-day workweeks in 2024, according to Harvard Business Review. Yet questions remain: Is this a lasting cultural shift or a temporary rebellion? As Dr. Lee observes, “Gen Z isn’t rejecting progress; they’re redefining what ‘better’ means.” 1. How does Dr. Hannah Lee see Gen Z’s choice of slow living? A. They blindly follow influential trends. B. They say no to modern digital technology. C. They care more about cost than the environment. D. They view it as a way to express personal values. 2. What can be inferred about the movement from paragraph 3? A. It contributes to a waste of resources. B. Not all income groups can be involved. C. Gen Z’s environmental concerns are ignored. D. It appeals for universal adoption of the trend. 3. The underlined phrase “quiet luxury” in paragraph 4 refers to ________. A. advanced digital devices B. simple, well-made products C. affordable fast-fashion items D. expensive, eye-catching designs 4. What is the best title for the text? A. Why Gen Z Show Preference for an Easier Life. B. The Upcoming End of Digital Technology. C. How Secondhand Shopping Became Popular. D. The Rise of Slow Living among Young People. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍Z世代在快节奏数字世界中掀起慢生活运动的现象、表现及影响。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的““Gen Z sees slow living as both self-care and activism (行动主义),” explains Dr. Hannah Lee, a behavioral scientist at UCLA. “They’re shaping lifestyles in line with their values-not just following trends.” (加州大学洛杉矶分校的行为科学家汉娜·李博士解释说：“Z世代将慢生活视为自我关怀和行动主义。他们正在塑造与自己价值观一致的生活方式，而不仅仅是追随潮流。”)”可知，汉娜·李博士认为Z世代将慢生活视为表达个人价值观的方式。故选D项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A study in The Journal of Social Economics notes that low-income Gen Z individuals are 40% less likely to participate in slow living practices like eating organic food or keeping only what they truly need, mainly because they have less money to spend. (《社会经济学杂志》的一项研究指出，低收入的Z世代个体参与慢生活实践（如吃有机食品或只保留真正需要的东西）的可能性要低40%，主要是因为他们可支配的钱更少。)”可知，并非所有收入群体都能参与慢生活运动。故选B项。 【30题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“while fashion brands promote “quiet luxury” — plain-looking but high-quality designs. (而时尚品牌则推广“quiet luxury”——外观朴素但设计优质的产品。)”可知，时尚品牌推广外观朴素但设计优质的产品，由此可知，“quiet luxury”指的是简单、制作精良的产品。故选B项。 【3题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“In an age when smartphones deliver constant updates and social media fuels endless comparison, Generation Z (born between 1997-2012) is leading a cultural movement which is opposite the current trend in the fast-paced digital world: slow living. (在智能手机不断更新、社交媒体引发无尽比较的时代，Z世代（1997-2012年出生）正在引领一场与快节奏数字世界潮流相反的文化运动：慢生活。)”可知，本文主要讲的是年轻人中慢生活的兴起，所以标题“年轻人中慢生活的兴起”适合作为最佳标题。故选D项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下·浙江湖州·期末） Cortisol, widely recognized as the “stress hormone (激素)”, plays a key role in managing stress. The recent discussions in TikTok suggest a misinterpretation that cortisol imbalances are directly responsible for various health issues, from loose skin to sleep and digestive problems. “The relationship between cortisol and body symptoms is not straightforward.” Experts like Martin Picard from Columbia University emphasizes. Our bodies release cortisol when we encounter a challenge, whether psychological or physical, real or imagined. Things like coming across a bear on a hike, receiving an annoying work email or delivering a public speech are the typical cases. Cortisol aids in energy supply and metabolism (新陈代谢) control. Its levels vary, peaking in the morning and reducing by night. However, long-term stress can disturb this balance, leading to sustained high cortisol levels. Potential disadvantages are weakened immune (免疫的) system and high blood sugar, as well as mental illnesses like depression and PTSD. In extreme cases, too much cortisol production may lead to Cushing’s syndrome, characterized by serious physical changes and requiring medical treatment. Identifying cortisol-related issues requires professional evaluation, as self-assessment or at-home testing may not provide accurate results due to cortisol’s dynamic nature. Experts suggest consulting healthcare professionals for a thorough check. While there’s no one-size-fits-all solution for managing cortisol levels, research indicates that practices such as yoga, mindfulness, and moderate exercise can aid in regulating the body’s stress response. These activities not only help in reducing stress but also in training the body to manage its stress In conclusion, cortisol plays a key role in how our body handles stress and functions overall. However, saying that many health problems are just due to cortisol imbalances misses the complex interaction between hormones, stress and health. It’s important to take a holistic approach to health, with professional guidance and personalized stress management strategies. 1. What can we learn about cortisol? A. It can directly cause sleep disorder. B. It won’t influence physical health at all. C. It has nothing to do with stomach upset. D. It is misunderstood on social media. 2. What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A. Exercise guarantees cortisol decrease. B. Home testing of cortisol is not available. C. Multiple tests may be required to measure cortisol. D. Experts reject home activities in stress management. 3. What does the underlined word “holistic” mean in the last paragraph? A. Medical. B. Physical. C. Immediate. D. Comprehensive. 4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. Cortisol: The Simple Truth About Stress Hormone. B. Medical Treatments for Cortisol-Related Disorders. C. How to Reduce Cortisol Levels Through Daily Exercises. D. Cortisol’s Complex Role in Stress and Health Issues. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了皮质醇的功能、误解及其与健康的关系，并提供了相关建议。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The recent discussions in TikTok suggest a misinterpretation that cortisol imbalances are directly responsible for various health issues, from loose skin to sleep and digestive problems.(TikTok上最近的讨论表明了一种误解，即皮质醇失衡直接导致了各种健康问题，从皮肤松弛到睡眠和消化问题。)”可知，皮质醇失衡被误解为直接导致各种健康问题。故选D项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Identifying cortisol-related issues requires professional evaluation, as self-assessment or at-home testing may not provide accurate results due to cortisol’s dynamic nature.(识别皮质醇相关的问题需要专业的评估，因为由于皮质醇的动态特性，自我评估或家庭测试可能无法提供准确的结果。)”可知，由于皮质醇的动态特性，可能需要多次测试来准确测量其水平。故选C项。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“with professional guidance and personalized stress management strategies.(在专业指导和个性化压力管理策略下)”可知，根据专业指导和个性化压力管理策略采取的方法肯定是全面的，所以划线单词“holistic”的意义为“全面的；整体的”，与integrated“综合的；完整统一的”意义相近。故选D项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Cortisol, widely recognized as the “stress hormone (激素)”, plays a key role in managing stress. The recent discussions in TikTok suggest a misinterpretation that cortisol imbalances are directly responsible for various health issues, from loose skin to sleep and digestive problems. “The relationship between cortisol and body symptoms is not straightforward.” Experts like Martin Picard from Columbia University emphasizes.(皮质醇被广泛认为是“压力激素”，在应对压力方面起着关键作用。TikTok 上最近的讨论似乎存在一种误解，即皮质醇失衡直接导致了各种健康问题，从皮肤松弛到睡眠和消化问题。哥伦比亚大学的马丁·皮卡德等专家强调：“皮质醇与身体症状之间的关系并非那么简单直接。”)”结合文章主要介绍了皮质醇的功能、误解及其与健康的关系，并提供了相关建议。可知，D选项“胰岛素在压力与健康问题中的复杂作用”最符合文章标题。故选D。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·广东广州·期末） Deep underneath the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean lies beautiful reefs colored by its algae (藻类). However, in the early 1980s, an El Niño heatwave led to mass-bleaching, which turned more than 90 percent of these corals a pale, lifeless white. When stronger El Niño events struck the area again in 2015–2016, biologist Tina Palacio observed a surprising phenomenon: some corals resisted bleaching or showed recovery. Her team later discoveryed that Pocillopora — the region’s primary reef-building coral — had gotten rid of their original algae and adopted heat-tolerant species. Corals typically provide nitrogen (氮气) to their resident algae and receive carbon in return for energy. “To maintain the algae’s survival and provide the nutrients required by the host, there’s a really delicate and very complex nutritional relationship between the two,” Palacio says. Under heat stress, corals produce more nitrogen, which causes the algae to grow rapidly and divide more, storing the carbon and keeping it from their hosts. Palacio discovered that baby corals has learned not to overshare nitrogen with the algae. This way, they can live together harmoniously. And baby corals aren’t stuck in one place — they float freely in the ocean before settling down. This helps the species move to better waters or spread genes that let them handle heat. Researchers also found corals can act on their own. They have tiny hair-like structures called cilia that work like a cooling system, beating fast to make tiny whirlpools (漩涡) in the water and moving extra oxygen to areas that need it. These whirlpools stop oxygen from building up harmfully in one place. Although corals are adapting, they can’t outpace climate threats alone. It’s hard to go back after a bleaching event and see them dead. That gives us the motivation to use whatever skill is, whatever our passion is, to try to help. 1. Why does the author mention El Niño heatwaves twice? A. To stress the urgency of ocean conservation. B. To show the corals’ adaptation to heatwaves. C. To indicate the impact of climate change on corals. D. To highlight the relationship between corals and algae. 2. What do baby corals do to live with their algae? A. Sharing more carbon. B. Removing more algae. C. Moving to cooler areas. D. Reserving extra nitrogen. 3. How do coral cilia function? A. By storing extra oxygen. B. By redistributing oxygen. C. By releasing oxygen quickly. D. By changing oxygen into nitrogen. 4. What message does the author want to convey? A. Coral bleaching calls for human protection. B. Humans need more passion to protect ocean species. C. Coral protection is our duty despite its self-adjustment. D. Coral adaptation is unavoidable in spite of humans’ help. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了珊瑚在面对厄尔尼诺热浪时展现出适应能力，但仍需人类保护以应对气候威胁。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“However, in the early 1980s, an El Niño heatwave led to mass-bleaching, which turned more than 90 percent of these corals a pale, lifeless white. (然而，在20世纪80年代初，一次厄尔尼诺热浪导致了大规模的白化，使超过90%的珊瑚变成了苍白无生气的白色。)”和第二段中“When stronger El Niño events struck the area again in 2015–2016, biologist Tina Palacio observed a surprising phenomenon: some corals resisted bleaching or showed recovery. (当更强的厄尔尼诺事件在2015-2016年再次袭击该地区时，生物学家蒂娜·帕拉西奥观察到一个令人惊讶的现象：一些珊瑚抵抗了白化或显示出恢复的迹象。)”可知，作者两次提到厄尔尼诺热浪是为了展示珊瑚对热浪的适应。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Under heat stress, corals produce more nitrogen, which causes the algae to grow rapidly and divide more, storing the carbon and keeping it from their hosts. Palacio discovered that baby corals has learned not to overshare nitrogen with the algae. This way, they can live together harmoniously. (在热应激下，珊瑚会产生更多氮，这会导致藻类快速生长和分裂，储存碳并阻止其流向宿主。帕拉西奥发现，珊瑚幼体已学会不与藻类过度分享氮。这样一来，它们就能和谐共生。)”可知，幼珊瑚通过保留多余的氮来与藻类和谐共处。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“They have tiny hair-like structures called cilia that work like a cooling system, beating fast to make tiny whirlpools in the water and moving extra oxygen to areas that need it. These whirlpools stop oxygen from building up harmfully in one place. (它们有微小的毛发状结构，称为纤毛，其工作原理类似于冷却系统，快速拍打以在水流中产生微小的漩涡，并将多余的氧气输送到需要的地方。这些漩涡阻止氧气在一个地方有害地积聚。)”可知，珊瑚纤毛通过重新分配氧气来发挥作用。故选B。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although corals are adapting, they can’t outpace climate threats alone. It’s hard to go back after a bleaching event and see them dead. That gives us the motivation to use whatever skill is, whatever our passion is, to try to help. (尽管珊瑚正在适应，但它们无法单独应对气候威胁。在珊瑚白化事件发生后，很难再看到它们死去。这给了我们动力，无论我们有什么技能，无论我们有什么激情，都要尽力去帮助它们。)”可知，作者想传达的信息是尽管珊瑚有自我调节的能力，但保护珊瑚仍是我们的责任。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·江苏扬州·期末） Rice’s whales are among the world’s rarest sea mammals, with only about 50 surviving off Florida. How did scientists miss them - and how can we save them now? It’s not often that scientists discover a new species of mammal, let alone one that reaches 40 feet in length, weighs up to 30 tons, and often appears near coastal areas where many people live. But that’s what happened in 2021 when scientists announced a new species: Rice’s whale, wrongly thought to be a subspecies (亚种) of Bryde’s whale in the past. The exciting news was accompanied by a much sadder announcement, however: the filter-feeding (滤食性) whales, often called the Gulf of Mexico whale because of their home base just south of the Florida coastal area, are endangered. Only 51 whales remain, according to researchers’ best estimates. With their main habitat in the middle of a busy ship route, Rice’s whales face constant danger from ship crashes, military training activities, oil and gas digging, and pollution. The Gulf oil spill in 2010 polluted almost half of the whales’ habitat, killed an estimated 17 percent of the remaining population, sickened another 18 percent, and left almost a quarter of females with reproductive (繁殖) problems. With the clock ticking, scientists have launched a series of research projects to study the species more closely. For example, a recent study, published in January, used the whales’ unique calls to track their movements, finding that the whales travel outside their main range, as far west as the coast of Texas. “It was exciting to discover that they still regularly occur in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico,” says study leader Melissa Soldevilla, a biologist for NOAA. “Historic records suggest that they once lived across more of the Gulf, but no whales had been seen beyond the main habitat since the 1990s.” Tracking the whales’ locations is necessary to decide their critical habitat under the Endangered Species Act. “Once we understand where and when the whales occur, we can determine where they share space with human activities that may harm them,” Soldevilla says. “This helps us identify and develop management and protection actions to reduce the threat and improve their chances of survival.” 1. What do we learn about the discovery of Rice’s whale? A. The species was originally found in the Atlantic Ocean. B. It used to be mistaken for a subspecies of Bryde’s whale. C. Its population was stable before being listed as endangered. D. Scientists previously ignored its existence due to its small size 2. How did the 2010 Gulf oil spill affect Rice’s whale? A. It made ship strikes on whales more frequent. B. It increased military training in their habitat. C. It resulted in trouble with male wale growth. D. It caused about 17%to die and made 18%sick. 3. What does Melissa say about Rice’s whales? A. Their movements are protected by scientists. B. They find new homes out of Mexico Gulf. C. Their range is showing signs of expansion. D. They always stay in a small area of the Gulf. 4. What is the purpose of tracking Rice’s whales’ locations? A. To keep records for biological research. B. To analyze their underwater activities. C. To count their total population numbers. D. To map their habitats needing protection 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述2021年发现的赖斯鲸濒危，仅约 50 头，受人类活动威胁，科学家通过追踪其活动以制定保护措施。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“But that’s what happened in 2021 when scientists announced a new species: Rice’s whale, wrongly thought to be a subspecies (亚种) of Bryde’s whale in the past.(但这就是2021年发生的事情，当时科学家宣布了一个新物种：赖斯鲸，过去被错误地认为是布氏鲸的一个亚种。)”可知，该物种曾被误分类。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The Gulf oil spill in 2010 polluted almost half of the whales’ habitat, killed an estimated 17 percent of the remaining population, sickened another 18 percent, and left almost a quarter of females with reproductive (繁殖) problems.(2010年的墨西哥湾漏油事件污染了近一半的鲸鱼栖息地，估计造成剩余种群的17%死亡，另有18%患病，近四分之一的雌性出现生殖问题。)”可知，2010年墨西哥湾漏油事件造成约17%的该鲸鱼群种死亡，1$ 专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·广东佛山·期末） What if someone told you mermaids (美人鱼) were real? Forget the fish tails, we mean women capable of holding their breath for minutes as they dive under the sea many times a day. These are the haenyeo divers of South Korea, a community of women from Jeju Island who have been free-diving to harvest seafood for centuries. Their stories are shared with the world by the US-Korean film-maker Sue Kim, in her film The Last of the Sea Women. The film follows the women going about their grueling work during the harvest season and examines the challenges they face both in and out of the water. They head out to dive at 6 am daily. They hold their breath for a couple of minutes, come back up to the surface and go back down again-about 100 times a session. The risks are big. There is no insurance available for the job, as it’s too dangerous. And now the ocean — and the women’s livelihood — is under threat. Global warming is resulting in less sea life, particularly in shallow water; diving deeper is more difficult without air tanks (罐). Perhaps the bigger threat, though, is from within, with fewer younger women choosing to pursue this difficult profession. A training school was set up in the early 2000s to address the decreasing numbers, but only 5% of those attending go on to become haenyeos. All is not lost, though. The film introduces us to two young women from another island who have gained popularity on social media and point out the flexible hours the job can offer. One of them even started learning to swim at the age of 30 to do the job. “When I look at the haenyeos and how they work together, it just reminds me of the collective work that women are doing everywhere else,” says Sue Kim, “When a girl is watching this documentary, I want her to believe in herself and realize that she can do anything.” 1. What does the underlined word “grueling” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Dull. B. Creative. C. Rewarding. D. Demanding. 2. What is one challenge that haenyeos are facing? A. Lack of pre-job training. B. Low willingness to take the job. C. The high cost of air tanks. D. The decreasing demand for seafood. 3. The author mentions the two young women in paragraph 6 to show ______. A. hope for the profession B. the role of social media C. the influence of the film D. qualifications for the job 4. What could be the best title for the text? A. Haenyeo: An Overlooked Profession B. Women Power: You Can Do Anything C. The Last Sea Women: Courage in the Deep D. Global Warming: A Great Risk for Haenyeos Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·广东汕头·期末） Shannon Baker, a landscape architect at Waterfront Toronto, pauses to point out a red-tailed hawk (鹰) flying over the restored Don River valley — a sight unimaginable eight years ago when this site was a deadly industrial zone. The hawk’s presence symbolizes the success of Canada’s most ambitious urban ecological project: transforming 300 hectares of abandoned factories and oil tanks into a lively ecosystem. In the 1880s, the Don River was rerouted into the Keating Channel to create land for a new port. For over a century since then, it regularly flooded surrounding areas. Engineers solved this by carving a 1.3-kilometre riverbed reconnecting the waterway to Lake Ontario. The scale of effort to make the new river extension has been enormous: four-plus years of construction; roads lifted or moved and multiple bridges built; 1.4 million cubic metres of polluted soil treated and reused or replaced. Most remarkably, bioengineered “instant forests” were created using interlocking root systems and layered soils to create mature ecosystems. “For me, the project is about reconnection,” says Baker. “We’re reconnecting the river to the lake, and in this process, reconnecting people.” Perhaps the deepest reconnections are with local Indigenous communities, who settled in the area centuries before the city’s creation. Waterfront Toronto engaged the MinoKamik Collective, an elder-led native environmental consultancy, to help design the planting strategy. “We put in wetland plants to help stabilize the riverbank and draw in animals,” says Shelley Charles, leader of the native elders. “When we met on the land at the start of the project, there was nothing there. It was like an artist’s canvas (画布). Now when you stand in the same place today, you’re able to walk along the river. It’s unbelievable.” Baker agrees and points out that people visiting the site today for the first time might not appreciate what’s been done. “Because when you look at the river as well as the wetland now, it looks like it’s always been there.” 1. How does the writer introduce the topic? A. By showing data. B. By making a comparison. C. By giving an appeal. D. By raising an assumption. 2. What is the primary purpose of the new river extension? A. To prevent flooding. B. To attract wildlife. C. To create a new port. D. To build new roads. 3. What is Charles’s attitude towards the project? A. Proud. B. Concerned. C. Unbelieving. D. Indifferent. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Waterfront: A History Of Toronto B. Keating Channel: A Nature Restoration Project C. The River Extension: From Wasteland To Wetland D. MinoKamik Collective: Between Indigenous And Natives Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·湖北十堰·期末） For customers who don’t have the freedom to choose where they shop, technological advancements are making price discrimination (歧视) increasingly likely. Flexibility-based price discrimination allows companies to charge different people different prices for the same product or service, based on how easily they can walk away. When consumers can easily find better deals elsewhere, they hold the power. However, AI tools are allowing sellers to become increasingly expert at uncovering how much flexibility their consumers have, which raises serious concerns. In a recent study, we examined how flexibility-based price discrimination affects a seller’s profitability in a competitive market, and studied how consumer welfare is affected. The findings demonstrated that companies that utilize consumer inflexibility are likely to boom, often at the expense of those with the least power to choose. They don’t just raise prices when customers aren’t able to easily switch to a competitor, for low-income consumers they reduce product quality as well. This double blow hits low-income consumers hard. Dollar stores, for example, often serve low-income communities in smaller markets. When these retailers realize their customers have limited alternatives, they are less likely to keep prices low. Moreover, tests revealed the presence of poisonous components in colorfully labeled children’s products at American and Canadian dollar stores. But this is only part of the story. When these same techniques are used to target wealthier consumers, it can result in positive social outcomes for them. In contrast, high-income consumers may see their product quality improve. This is because high-income consumers are willing and able to pay for the improved quality and technology-enabled price discrimination can enable the seller to satisfy their needs better. The same thing happens with trade barriers and tariffs (关税). Product quality, price and income are known to be interconnected, with lower-income inflexible consumers suffering more than high-income consumers in the same situation. Any barriers that reduce consumer flexibility disproportionately harm low-income consumers, who are more likely to face lower-quality products as a result. Our study provides valuable insights for both lawmakers and policymakers. It shows that new policies are necessary to protect vulnerable consumers with limited flexibility from price discrimination. 1. What does the underlined word “utilize” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Refer to. B. Depend on. C. Take advantage of. D. Get rid of. 2. What do companies tend to do when consumers lack purchase choices? A. Expand product varieties. B. Lower prices to attract more customers. C. Reduce product quality for low-income groups. D. Prioritize the needs of high-income consumers. 3. Why does the author mention dollar stores? A. To show how companies draw on consumer inflexibility. B. To highlight health risks for children in low-income areas. C. To criticize their addition of harmful chemicals in products. D. To compare product quality between different income groups. 4. What is the author’s attitude toward price discrimination? A. Favourable. B. Skeptical. C. Objective. D. Disapproving. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下·山东日照·期末） Hard-pressed office workers in China are adding exercise into their work day by jogging with laptops, lifting lunch packs, doing office chair Pilates. The practice, known as “5-minute quick-charge workout”, has become all the rage across the mainland. In early July, an internet user posted a picture on Xiaohongshu of a colleague engaging in a quick-charge workout while waiting for the lift, and titled it, “Office workers have their own gym.” The image shows a woman with a lunch delivery bag in one hand and a canvas bag in the other, which she was using in place of dumbbells and lifting them repeatedly while waiting. She also had several food delivery bags tied around her waist, adding weight to her workout. The colleague called her a genius, saying, “She always volunteers to bring lunch for everyone from downstairs, describing the trip as a weighted workout.” “Since she sits in the office all day with no time to go to the gym, she manages to have a quick workout while carrying takeaway or waiting for the lift, thus saving on gym fees,” the colleague said. Chang, a copywriter from Zhejiang province, shared her exercise approach with Jiupai News. She jogs to the subway station while carrying her laptop. “My computer is a bit heavy, so it feels like weight training,” she said. “I’m afraid I will not stick with it and waste my money,” she said. “A 5-minute quick-charge workout is more manageable for us office workers who often work overtime and do not have much spare time. Also, it energizes me during work when I’m tired,” Chang added. She also said that the bursts of exercise are beneficial to her psychological health because they help “release some negative emotions” throughout the day. Others have been sharing their speedy fitness routines online. “Yes, my workout is picking up packages for my boss. When it gets heavy, I think of it as arm training,” one person said. Another said they have a daily sprint to work, “I run 800 meters in three minutes every day to clock in on time. Lately, it feels so easy.” 1. What does the underlined phrase “all the rage” mean in paragraph 1? A. Highly expected. B. Widely popular. C. Extremely typical. D. Commonly arranged. 2. What do we know about the woman mentioned in paragraph 2? A. She abandons working out in a gym. B. She often orders lunch for her colleagues. C. She innovatively exercises during her work day. D. She enjoys doing voluntary work in her community. 3. What is a benefit of a 5-minute quick-charge workout according to Chang? A. It enhances creativity at work. B. It contributes to a peaceful mind. C. It helps improve time management skills. D. It promotes physical and mental well-being. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. Office Workouts Boost Your Mood. B. 5-minute Bodybuilding Saves Time. C. Office Quick-charge Fitness: A Creative Trend. D. Lunch Pack Delivery: A Practical Exercise Approach. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·广东东莞·期末） In Burnham-on-Sea, a bright yellow sign marks “The ‘Happy to Chat’ bench: sit here if you don’t mind someone stopping to say hello.” This bench was designed to deal with loneliness among the elderly in the seaside town. The bench has become a place where people like Ann, who has lived alone since her divorce 13 years ago, can strike up conversations with strangers. Ann explains that even just seeing the bench can spark a conversation, leading to natural interactions about holidays, local life, and personal stories. Another example of engineering opportunities for real human interaction is the “Chatty Café Plan”. Started in 2017 by Alexandra Hoskyn in the UK, the initiative encourages cafés to designate a “Chatter & Natter” table where customers can sit if they are open to chatting with others. The plan has expanded to other countries, including Australia, Canada, and the United States, aiming to reduce loneliness by creating a welcoming space for conversation. Real human connection is significant for our physical and mental well-being. Social interactions can reduce stress, lower the risk of depression, and improve the overall mental health. Physically, engaging with other people is capable of boosting our immune system, and even increasing longevity (寿命). In a world that seems so connected through the Internet, phones, and social media, why are we having to engineer human interaction? Despite the rise in social media, many people still feel disconnected. Social platforms often provide superficial (肤浅的) connections rather than meaningful interactions, leading to a dilemma where we are more connected digitally but feel lonelier in real life. Perhaps it is time to get off the Internet, put down our phones, and remember that we are social beings. Start by talking to your neighbors, chatting with the person in the queue, and engaging with your colleagues. Attend local community events, join clubs or groups that interest you, and try to reconnect with friends and family. 1. Why was the “Happy to Chat” bench introduced in Burnham-on-Sea? A. To promote local businesses. B. To attract tourists to the seaside town. C. To honor the happy moments with family. D. To handle loneliness among elderly residents. 2. What does the underlined word “designate” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Buy. B. Assign. C. Remove. D. Deliver. 3. Which of the following is a benefit of human connection? A. Creating more online friendships. B. Increasing social media followers. C. Strengthening the immune system. D. Improving digital communication skills. 4. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Power of Face-to-Face Interaction B. The History of Digital Communication C. The Solution to Loneliness of the Elders D. The Popularity of Chat Benches and Cafés Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·湖北黄冈·期末） In our hyper-connected world of social media, there’s a refreshing cure — one that’s good for your mental health, reduces stress and anxiety and even helps your immune system: being in nature. While any time spent outdoors is advantageous, there’s a “prescription” that can help you get the most benefits. It’s spending 20 minutes in your local park three days per week, five hours in a nature preserve each month and three days immersed in the backcountry once a year. It’s called the 20-5-3 rule, and it’s a science-backed formula that could revolutionize how we think about outdoor time. Florence Williams, author of Nature Fix and Heartbreak, tells Yahoo Life: “Having a general guideline like this could be helpful to some people. It’s worth noting that it’s important for each of us to tune into what we need in a particular week or year.” Williams explain that when we’re experiencing extra stress, pain or heartbreak, we might need more time in everyday nature spaces or in deep wilderness. “The emerging science is an opportunity for us to notice how we feel when we’re outside, to recognize which elements of nature we most respond to and to prioritize doing the things that give us the restoration we need,” she says. While spending time in your local park is beneficial, it requires s more frequent exposure to achieve the same stress-reducing benefits as a deep wilderness experience. That’s because in urban green spaces, we’re often still tied to our devices and surrounded by city sounds. It can be more like “nature-lite” if we’re not intentional about the time we spend outdoors. The numbers back this up. Research shows that while a 20-minute walk in nature lowers stress hormones, these levels often bounce back within hours in urban settings. Compare this to multi-day wilderness experiences, where studies have documented health benefits lasting up to a month. 1. How does the author introduce the topic? A. By giving a definition. B. By listing numbers. C. By offering an example. D. By describing a phenomenon. 2. What do we know about the 20-5-3 rule? A. People may practice the rule flexibly. B. The rule was created by Florence Williams. C. Everyone must follow the rule without any change. D. People should spend 5 hours in a local park every month. 3. Why does the author say urban green spaces are like “nature-lite”? A. There are no real natural things. B. The air quality there is much worse. C. Various distractions reduce the effect. D. People don’t like to stay there for long. 4. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To advocate people to get close to nature. B. To suggest a new treatment to mental illness. C. To provide a prescription to improve physical health. D. To recommend an approach to reducing stress and anxiety. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·山东济南·期末） When traveling to a new country, there is so much to see and do. Nobody wants to spend their whole trip sleeping or feeling exhausted. Luckily, there are ways to drive away the ZZZs and make the most of your travel. New research from Arizona State University, links exercise with the body’s internal clock, opening the possibility of treating jet lag (时差反应) with a workout. Both traveling to a different time zone and staying up late at night can severely disturb the body’s internal clock, including making the body release the sleep-causing chemical melatonin (祖国素) at a time when people want to stay awake. When the internal master clock isn’t in line with the external clock of your destination, it creates a mismatch of all your body rhythms. That’s what lies at the heart of jet lag. The researchers of the study used the level of melatonin released by the body to explore the effects of exercise on body’s internal clock. First, researchers measured the melatonin levels of 99 participants throughout the day to establish a baseline. Then, the participants were asked to exercise for an hour for three days in a row at different times, and their melatonin levels were monitored. The researchers noted shifts in the melatonin levels of participants: correlated with their activity level. The study uncovered that morning (7 a, m,) or afternoon (1-4 p. m.) works shifted the internal clock forward, while evening (7-10 p. m.) exercise shifted it backward. “This is the first study to compare exercise’s effects on the body clock, and could open up the possibility of using exercise to help reduce the negative effects of jet lag and shift work.” Shawn, the lead researcher said. For west-to-east travel, evening exercise can get rid of time zone shifts. For east-to-west travel, morning or afternoon workouts are beneficial. Exercise pushes your internal clock forward or backwards by regulating the amount of melatonin. Walking or cycling are great ways to see the sites, when traveling, while getting jet-lag beating exercise. So, pack your running shoes for your next trip! 1. What is the key factor causing jet lag according to the text? A. Low melatonin. B. Shortened sleeping. C. Long travel tiredness. D. Body rhythm disorder. 2. How did researchers get the result? A. By doing observations. B. By undertaking surveys. C. By making comparisons. D. By integrating experience. 3. What does Shawn think of the study? A. Overrated. B. Pathbreaking. C. Unrealistic. D. Conclusive. 4. Which exercise suits travelers flying from China to Canada? A. Morning jogging. B. Evening swimming. C. Mid-night cycling. D. Random-time walking. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下·浙江温州·期末） For a long time, psychologists believed in “catharsis theory,” or the idea that it’s better to release negative emotions than hold onto them. But back in 2002, Brad Bushman, a professor of communication at the Ohio State University, published a study that questioned that logic, saying that venting (发泄) “is the worst thing you can do” when you’ re mad and it’s “adding more fuel to the fire.” Focusing on a frustrating conversation can blow out of proportion relatively minor annoyances, which is unhealthy, says Jesse Cougle, a psychology professor studying anger at Florida State University. The problem is that when you’re furious (愤怒的), it feels better to shout angrily than it does to take some centering deep breaths. Bushman has seen that in his research. Even though activities like hitting a punching bag don’t actually lessen anger, “75% of people report feeling better” after they do it, he says. The same is often true for venting to a friend. It feels great to have someone support your perspective. Can something that feels so good really be so wrong? Bushman says it’s not always a bad thing to get something off your chest. Talking through a negative feeling with the goal of understanding why something bothered you and how to better respond in the future, such as with a therapist, can be beneficial, he says. But venting becomes less helpful, Cougle says, when it’s mean-spirited—when you repeat the same thing you’ve done many times, keeping yourself stuck in that past anger without trying to move past it. When you feel yourself getting stuck in the trap of venting, look for healthier coping strategies. If yoga and meditation aren’t your thing, try a quick shift in perspective. Bushman’s research supports the “fly-on-the-wall” technique, which challenges angry people to imagine themselves as a third party observing the situation that made them angry. And finally, don’t underestimate the impact of anger — that is, getting angry when you’re hungry. Science suggests it’s a real phenomenon. So next time you feel yourself gearing up for a venting session, think of grabbing a snack and taking a few deep breaths instead. 1. What is the traditional belief of venting? A. Nothing can be worse than venting. B. Venting may lead to worse emotions. C. Letting anger out always works well. D. Releasing negative feelings is logical. 2. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. The problem of venting while angry. B. The benefit of taking some deep breaths. C. The temporary relief from venting anger. D. The lessened anger after hitting something. 3. Why is the “fly-on-the-wall” technique mentioned in paragraph 5? A. To challenge angry people. B. To replace yoga and meditation. C. To illustrate change in perspective. D. To observe the situation as a third party. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. The psychological risk of venting and its influence. B. The harm of venting anger and its coping techniques. C. The science of hunger-related anger and its solutions. D. The development of catharsis theory and its modern debates. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·广东东莞·期末） Have you ever thought about going on holiday and helping the planet at the same time? If so, Eco-tourism might be just what you’ re looking for. Eco-tourism, also known as ecological tourism, is a way to travel that tries to keep the environment safe and support efforts to look after nature. It’s like an adventure where you help protect the Earth. Eco-tourism is all about travelling responsibly. This means caring for the environment and helping local people in the places you visit. A real-life example of an Eco-holiday is the Sea Turtle Conservation Project in Costa Rica. This holiday offers a unique learning experience for those who love nature. When tourists arrive, guides introduce them to the amazing world of sea turtles. They learn about different turtle species, their life cycles, and the challenges they face in the wild. The guides teach why conservation matters and how tourists can help. Tourists can join local researchers on night patrols along the shore, looking for nesting turtles. They learn to spot turtle tracks and nests, and if they’ re lucky, they might see a turtle laying eggs. They help protect these nests by moving eggs to safe places. When the eggs hatch, tourists have the joy of releasing baby turtles into the ocean. Besides conservation work, tourists can enjoy Costa Rica’s beautiful nature — they can explore rainforest, see other wildlife, and relax on lovely sands. By going on an Eco-holiday like this, tourists have an unforgettable adventure and help protect sea turtles. They return home with special memories, new knowledge, and a bigger love for the natural world. Of course, we all love to go on holiday, but we must recognize that traditional tourism is becoming less sustainable due to the harm it causes to the environment. Eco-tourism offers a smarter way to explore the world — one that helps nature thrive and ensures future generations can enjoy its beauty too. 1. What is the main goal of Eco-tourism? A. To replace traditional tourism. B. To focus on adventure activities. C. To provide luxury accommodations. D. To protect the nature and support locals. 2. What can be inferred about the Sea Turtle Conservation Project? A. It enables tourists to explore underwater. B. It is intended for professional researchers. C. It combines education with protection work. D. It highlights entertainment over conservation. 3. How does the author develop the passage? A. By illustrating with a specific example. B. By comparing different types of tourism. C. By listing statistics about tourist numbers. D. By introducing traditional tourism practices. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·湖北十堰·期末） Implants coated in bacteria could be used during bone fracture (骨折) surgery to help speed recovery and prevent post-operative infections. When someone suffers a fracture, surgery is sometimes needed to help it mend correctly. A common technique is to use a metal implant to help broken bones stay in a line while recovering. The bone slowly grows together with the metal as it mends. Lei Tan at Hubei University in Wuhan, China, and his team tested whether coating an implant in the bacterium, Lactobacillus casei (L. casei), which is found in yogurt, could improve recovery. This species is known to control the immune environment, which could support tissue generation, and to release antibacterial substances. To do this, the researchers gave metal implants to rats with broken bones. Three of the rats received standard implants and three had implants coated in dead L. casei bacteria. After four weeks, the team found there was a 27 percent increase in bone tissue in the rats with the bacteria-covered implants compared with a 16 percent increase in rats with regular implants. An increase in bone tissue is a sign that the fracture is healing. One potential risk of implants is infection at the site where the implant meets the bone. So the team also tested if their L. casei-treated implant was more resistant to infection by coating it in multi-drug resistant bacteria, which can cause infections. After 12 hours, the researchers found that 99.9 percent of these bacteria were dead. “Bacteria play an important role in the digestive system and there is increasing evidence to suggest that their benefits can be applied outside there,” says Matthew Wook Chang at the National University of Singapore. 1. Why did Lei Tan and his team conduct the experiment? A. To cure rats with broken bones. B. To identify beneficial bacteria. C. To understand infection causes. D. To test bacteria-coated implants. 2. How are bacteria-coated implants superior to regular implants? A. They release antibacterial substances. B. They get rid of the risk of getting infected. C. They speed up the recovering process greatly. D. They cut the costs of taking an implant surgery. 3. What can be implied from Matthew Wook Chang’s words? A. Many infections are closely related to bacteria. B. Bacteria can have a wide range of applications. C. Bacteria have a negative effect on human health. D. The digestive system can function better without bacteria. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. Healing with bacteria B. Bone surgery breakthrough C. The role of Lactobacillus casei D. The future of implant technology Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·江苏苏州·期末） The ants are violent predatory (食肉的) animals, eating other insects, sometimes even frogs, lizards and birds. But what’s even more remarkable about them is their architectural skills. Commonly found in Central America, South America and Africa, the ants search forest floors in long hunting lines. When they encounter a gap between leaves or branches, they build a bridge, linking themselves together like a group of monkeys. “The workers will string themselves across that gap, and then other workers will walk on top of them,” Isabella Muratore, an expert at the New Jersey Institute of Technology told NPR. “Basically, they create shortcuts to make things easier for the other ants or just to allow them to travel across something that they otherwise couldn’t.” Muratore studied the ants’ decision-making by intentionally placing objects which block their way. She said the ants build bridges where they get the greatest benefit for the least amount of bodies, and she identified a sweet spot where the gap is large enough to justify building a bridge, but not so large that it takes too many ants to do so. She also found that a string of bridges can influence how much ant power the ants are willing to invest in each individual bridge. Importantly, despite individually having small brains, the ants collectively weigh the costs and benefits of a bridge, Muratore said. David Hu, a professor of engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, said “this type of research is casting new light on the collective intelligence of army ants.” He compares the individual ants to “neurons (神经元) in a big moving brain.” with no singular ant deciding where to build bridges. The collective decision making of ants also has implications for human technology. Engineers have already applied such behaviors learned from ant research to building algorithms (算法) for self-assembling robots. “Ants are kind of existence proof that such robots would actually be able to survive and have a lot of interesting problems to solve in the real world.” Hu said. “Ants are really capable at solving these things with really, really little brainpower.” 1. How do ants build bridges when facing gaps? A. By piling up surrounding stones. B. By connecting their bodies. C. By requiring workers to string them. D. By collecting leaves and branches. 2. When building bridges, the ants consider the following factors EXCEPT ______ . A. The time they build a bridge B. The size of the gap C. The ant power they invest D. The number of bridges 3. What does “a big moving brain” refer to in paragraph 4? A. A special brain. B. The brains of ants. C. The ant army. D. The bridge built by ants. 4. Which saying best describes the ant-inspired robots’ working principle? A. Marching ants bring pouring rain. B. Too many cooks ruin the soup. C. Many hands make light work. D. Think twice before you act. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下·山东日照·期末） Eating herbs and spices could be the key to preventing mosquitoes from biting, a study suggests. Experts from Johns Hopkins University set up a complicated trial in an ice rink-sized testing field in Zambia to find out which people are most appealing to mosquitoes. In one experiment the team asked six people to sleep in single-person tents which had a pipe pumping out the nightly smell of the occupant onto a monitored mosquito landing platform. They found that the mosquitoes were consistently drawn to the smells of people giving off more carboxylic acids (羧酸), but were beaten back by a person who had raised levels of eucalyptol (桉树精油). Eucalyptol, a fragrant component of many plants, is a common ingredient in toothpaste and mouthwash. Dr. Conor McMeniman, assistant professor at Johns Hopkins University, said, “Our study reflects that high levels of eucalyptol in your body scent may make you less attractive to mosquitoes.” Interestingly, all humans whose body scent analyzed in this study seemed to send out some eucalyptol. However, the person that was least attractive to mosquitoes had higher amounts of the chemical. This person likely obtained this compound from plant-based foods in their diet; but it is also possible that it could also have been from external products as eucalyptol is also a common ingredient in toothpaste and mouthwash. Experts think that as well as producing a strong unpleasant smell, eucalyptol may also act as a deodorizing agent (除臭剂) which neutralizes or masks the other chemicals that attract mosquitoes. “Most studies of mosquito preference have been performed in laboratory settings that do not represent how the insects act in the wild,” Dr. McMeniman said. Each night, the researchers released 200 hungry mosquitoes into the field and monitored their activity using motion cameras. Dr. McMeniman said, “To definitively conclude that high levels of eucalyptol in one’s diet would drive mosquitoes away, it would require a clinical trial with larger numbers of human volunteers which we didn’t perform here.” 1. What does Johns Hopkins University’s experiment focus on? A. Mosquitoes’ preference for humans’ body smell. B. Effects of different chemicals on people’s energy. C. Significance of tents in keeping mosquitoes away. D. Links between men’s sleep patterns and mosquitoes. 2. What is stressed about eucalyptol in paragraph 3? A. Its function. B. Its application. C. Its features. D. Its ingredients. 3. What can be inferred about the people least attractive to mosquitoes? A. They may have prepared toilet water. B. They may have applied heavy make-up. C. They may have bought a deodorizing agent. D. They may have used products with eucalyptol. 4. What does Dr. McMeniman imply in the last paragraph? A. Previous experiments contradict current findings. B. The role of eucalyptol intake needs further proof. C. The number of wild mosquitoes is underestimated. D. Lab studies are restricted to mosquitoes’ distribution. 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·湖北襄阳·期末） In a region in Georgia, a mysterious Bashplemi tablet (碑) has surfaced with a completely new writing system. The tablet measures about 24 by 20 cm and features at least 60 characters. However, researchers can’t confirm the structure of this system, its origin, or the meaning of the characters. And dating the tablet currently remains out of reach. The design suggests an excellent level of aesthetic (美学的) value, indicating the message held significant importance. In 2021, fishermen on Lake Bashplemi accidentally caught sight of the tablet. Experts explain that what appears to be a series of unrecognizable symbols, such as three lines, is actually developed for its age, though that’s unconfirmed. The characters even show signs of skill. The makers first used a pointed tool to lay the symbols into the stone. To create a smooth series of characters, they then applied rounded tools, which shows a fair amount of work went into laying the message into the stone. In an attempt to draw connections with other ancient texts, similarities can be found between the new text and the Kartvelian language script (文字系统) from the 4th millennium BCE. Moreover, it has traces (痕迹) of two ancient writing systems from the Near East. It is possible that interactions occurred between these ancient groups. ‌“Most of the symbols used in it are similar to those found in the scripts of the Middle East, India and Egypt,” wrote researchers in a new study. However, they stress that this is an entirely new form of text, which does not replicate any system of writing known to us. And it may change current beliefs about ancient writing systems greatly. Early surveys of the area showed the presence of ancient houses. Lake Bashplemi, however, hasn’t received the attention it should have. For the study of ancient writing, this tablet is an exciting discovery. It may even be the never-before-seen writing system from ancient Colchis, a region in western Georgia. This points to the possibility of many more important discoveries waiting to be made. 1. What challenges researchers about the Bashplemi tablet? A. Determining its cultural value. B. Approaching its discovery site. C. Understanding its writing system. D. Examining its protection methods. 2. What can we know about the ancient makers? A. Their focus on content over creativity. B. Their limited access to local resources. C. Their strategic use of specialized tools. D. Their accidental discovery of tool usage. 3. What does the underlined word ‌“replicate” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Change. B. Influence. C. Damage. D. Copy. 4. What does the discovery of this tablet imply? A. The region is of great research value. B. Early surveys of the area are misleading. C. Ancient people kept updating writing systems. D. The tablet was purposely hidden by ancient people. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·江苏徐州·期末） Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei said last week that artificial intelligence could wipe out half of all entry-level white-collar jobs within five years, making the unemployment rate as high as 20%. Is that true? Humans have experienced several technological disruptions (扰乱) before, and now we have adapted to meet them. AI won’t be any different. There was a time when the elevators in hotels and office buildings were staffed by human operators. Then in the 1930s, elevator companies began installing “robot elevators” with automatic controls, and eventually elevator operators completely disappeared, with no tide of unemployment. Some people see AI as a job killer. However, research shows that broad adoption of AI could boost the country’s productivity growth by 1.5% per year, resulting in higher salaries, higher profits and more savings. Those people do not realize that the savings from increased productivity is recycled back into the economy. This creates new demand and in turn creates more jobs. Some are entirely new, such as “content creator assistant,” and others are existing jobs that are higher in demand because people have more money to spend — for example, personal trainers. Further, there is a great deal of work that only humans can do. Self-driving school buses will still need an adult to watch the kids. As for police, AI robots won’t be arresting criminals anytime soon. It’s a similar story for CEOs, fashion models and flight attendants. Most occupations involve working with other people, with things or with ideas that are too complex for AI to handle alone. Let’s imagine that Mr. Amodei’s forecast turns out to be accurate. Entry-level white-collar jobs account for less than 15% of the U. S. labor force. Wiping out half of them in five years would mean roughly 2.6 million jobs lost per year. That sounds like a lot, but the fact is that about 20 million U. S. workers are laid off every year. In other words, the supposed AI job loss, even if it occurred, would be the equivalent of only about six weeks of normal labor-market disturbance. 1. Why is “elevator operators” mentioned? A. To justify a job. B. To illustrate a point. C. To introduce a topic. D. To make a prediction. 2. What do people viewing AI as a job killer fail to understand? A. Jobs lost will be lost forever. B. Some jobs will never disappear. C. Application of AI creates jobs. D. Jobs involving AI are in demand. 3. What does the last paragraph focus on? A. What effects AI has on the U. S. labor-market. B. What makes Mr. Amodei make the prediction. C. Why Mr. Amodei’s forecast makes little sense. D. Why we should take AI development seriously. 4. What does the author mainly argue for? A. It’s time to get ready for AI’s arrival. B. Humans have adapted to AI advances. C. Some jobs are not suitable for AI to do. D. AI is not responsible for unemployment. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·江苏徐州·期末） How should water flow through fields? What directions and widths are appropriate for ridge (田埂) planting? Where should more fertilizer be applied, and where should less be applied? These once-general farming questions have now become precise, science-guided considerations in China's efforts to protect its valuable farmland. The black soil in the northeastern provinces is often called the “giant panda of cultivated land” due to its scarcity (稀缺) and fertility. Over the years, it has suffered varying degrees of degradation, mainly due to over-exploitation (过度开发) and climate change. Scientists are now developing tailored cultivation techniques and conservation measures to safeguard food security and ecological balance there. To address this, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), in collaboration with other relevant authorities, launched the “Black Soil Granary” program in 2021. The initiative aims to provide scientific and technological support to control soil degradation and promote modern agricultural practices. So far, scientists have created a comprehensive solution that enables a systematic understanding of the black soil. This includes detailed diagnostics, customized recommendations, and technical treatments. Integrating remote sensing, satellite positioning, and artificial intelligence, researchers have even developed an advanced mobile app that connects with smart agricultural machinery. This app provides farmers with real-time information on soil composition, weather conditions, crop growth, natural disasters, and yield forecasts. It also offers precise farming guidance, including how to fertilize, irrigate, sow seeds, and spray pesticides. The app can generate detailed fertilization maps and transmit them directly to intelligent machines, which then adjust fertilizer quantities on the go, enhancing efficiency while reducing environmental impact. The results have been significant. Fertilizer use has dropped by 5 to 15 percent, while yields have risen by 5.48 to 14.2 percent. On nine pilot farms, grain production has increased by 5 to 22 percent, and soil erosion has been reduced by 70 percent. 1. Why is the black soil called the “giant panda of cultivated land”? A. Because it is vital and dear. B. Because it is rare and fertile. C. Because it is rich and abundant. D. Because it is fragile and endangered. 2. What does the underlined word “degradation” probably mean? A. Lessening. B. Worsening. C. Desertification. D. Pollution. 3. What does the author try to illustrate by listing the figures in the last paragraph? A. Effective guidance. B. Successful preservation. C. Impressive improvements. D. Remarkable policies. 4. What would be the best title for the text? A. Sci-tech methods tailored for black soil B. Natural forces causing black soil decline C. Smart farming apps designed for black soil D. Protection measures boosting black soil yield Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下·山东青岛·期末） The most recent generation of chatbots has surfaced long-term concerns about the growing wisdom and accessibility of artificial intelligence (AI). And fears about the integrity of the job market have spread to the classroom. Yet the truth is that the effects of large-scale language models such as ChatGPT will touch virtually every corner of our lives. These new tools raise society-wide concerns about AI’s role in spreading misinformation, committing identity theft, and more. A team of researchers is seeking to empower tech users to reduce these risks. The study uses data from Real or Fake Text, an original web-based training game. This game is remarkable for transforming the standard experimental method for detection studies into a more accurate model of how people use AI to generate text. In standard methods, participants are asked to indicate in a yes-or-no fashion whether a given text is produced by a machine. This task involves simply classifying a text as real or fake and responses are scored as correct or not. The new model significantly transforms the standard detection study into an effective training task by showing examples that all begin as human-written. Each example then transitions (过渡) into an AI-generated text, asking participants to mark where they believe this transition begins. Participants identify and describe the features of the text and receive a score. The study results show that participants scored significantly better than random chance, providing evidence that AI-created text is detectable. The study speaks not only to artificial intelligence today, but also outlines a reassuring, even exciting, future for our relationship to this technology. “Five years ago,” says Maggie, a researcher in the study, “models couldn’t stay on topic or produce a fluent sentence. Now, they rarely make a grammar mistake. Our study identifies the kind of errors that characterize AI chatbots, but it’s important to keep in mind that these errors have evolved and will continue to evolve. The shift to be concerned about is not that AI-written text is undetectable. It’s that people will need to continue training themselves to recognize the difference and work with detection software as a supplement (补充).” 1. What does paragraph 1 focus on? A. The problems caused by AI tools in job hunting. B. The influence of AI tools on classroom teaching. C. The application of AI tools to facilitate our lives. D. The widespread worries about the use of AI tools. 2. How does the new model differ from the standard detection methods? A. It provides immediate response and feedback. B. It involves judging the texts given as real or fake. C. It offers examples to help trainees understand more. D. It asks participants to mark the start of the transition. 3. What can be inferred from Maggie’s words? A. AI models won’t make language errors nowadays. B. Detection software will be needed to ensure fluency. C. Abilities to identify AI-created texts should be improved. D. The errors AI made are ever-changing and undetectable. 4. What is the best title of the text? A. A Comprehensive Guide: Understand AI B. The Rise of AI: From Challenges to Chances C. Real or Fake Text: Learn to Spot the Difference D. The Evolution of Chatbots: From Errors to Concerns 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·广东广州·期末） Have you ever tried relaxing on a sunny beach, but your brain’s still stuck worrying? That’s because our brain tends to focus on the bad stuff. This is called “negativity bias (偏见)”, which helped our ancestors handle potential threats but now often traps us in cycles of overthinking. Psychologist Rick Hampson offers a science-backed solution in his book called Hardwiring Happiness. He explains that positive moments rarely leave a lasting mark unless we deliberately engage with them. This is where neuroplasticity, which means our brain can change and adapt based on what we do and think, comes in. Hampson’s research, beginning in the mid-2000s, started exploring how to use brain science to create lasting positive changes in the brain. By noticing and holding onto good experiences, we can activate our brain’s reward centers and promote positive changes. Although the sample size was small and lacked a control group, participants reported statistically feeling better, with improvements lasting up to two months. Then the HEAL method (Have a good experience, Enrich it, Absorb it, Link it to other experiences) was finally developed. Research shows that practices like mindfulness meditation (冥想) can be linked to changes in brain structure and function. Meditation and other thoughtful practices can promote neuroplasticity. Hampson also points out that social connections and feeling safe can reduce stress. He suggests that when we slow down and take a moment to feel close to friends, we’re changing our brain for the better. The real proof of Hampson’s approach lies in daily practice. He encourages people to engage in “mental hygiene” practices, which can be motivated by understanding how these activities benefit the brain. By asking ourselves if we’re a little happier, wiser, and more loving at the end of the day, we can take control of our well-being. In short, Hardwiring Happiness syncretizes brain science and practical daily habits. For those interested in transforming their well-being through science-backed methods, Hampson’s book provides valuable insights and techniques that can be easily integrated into everyday routines. By exploring Hardwiring Happiness, you can discover more about the science of happiness and learn practical techniques to enhance well-being. 1. What is the original function of “negativity bias”? A. To help humans to survive. B. To promote social connections. C. To remind people of bad things. D. To prevent people overthinking. 2. How does HEAL method work according to Hampson? A. By activating brain’s control centers. B. By strengthening positive experiences. C. By fighting against brain’s negativity bias. D. By removing negativity through meditation. 3. What does the underlined word “syncretizes” mean in the last paragraph? A. Bridges. B. Balances. C. Guides. D. Facilitates. 4. What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A. To display a bias. B. To introduce a concept. C. To recommend a new book. D. To promote a new lifestyle. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·江苏南京·期末） Imagine waking up one morning to find your smartphone missing. You can no longer get guided to work, order your coffee, or connect with friends. For most of us, it is a nightmare. But it should not be exactly far-fetched. Despite being more digitally connected than ever, we are lonelier and more anxious. Anxiety rates increased by 25% globally. Depression now affects over 280 million people worldwide. All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep, meaningful engagement, which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored. While these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills. For example, GPS has undeniably transformed how we travel. But 2020 study found that frequent GPS users struggle more with self-guided navigation. Over time, those who depended more on GPS showed a sharp decline in spacial memory and problem-solving skill. However, reducing dependence on these conveniences can lead to discomfort. In seeking comfort today, we might be trading away some discomfort. That is the problem: the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us. Viewing stress, a kind of discomfort, as a challenge rather than a threat leads to better outcomes. Research shows that mild stress can enhance adaptability. Neuroscience reveals that neuroplasticity — the brain’s ability to form new connections — is enhanced through challenging experiences. This adaptability is crucial for developing resilience (抗逆力), a process fueled by both mental challenges and active effort. But this doesn’t mean we should reject comfort entirely; it’s to balance it with intentional discomfort. Think of it as “microdosing hardship” — a series of small, manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand. These small acts are enough to reawaken the resilience we’ve buried under layers of ease. So, the next time you feel the pull of ease, pause. Ask yourself: Is this momentary comfort helping me grow or is it keeping me stuck? Choosing discomfort isn’t easy, but sometimes, it’s worth it. 1. What does the underlined word “far-fetched” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Possible to change. B. Certain to function. C. Unlikely to be settled. D. Unable to be accepted. 2. What may digital conveniences cause according to the text? A. The fast but worthless relief. B. The loss of thinking capacity. C. The meaningful engagement. D. The lack of necessary comfort. 3. Which is a real-life application of “microdosing hardship”? A. Taking the stairs instead of the lift. B. Ordering take-out food after work. C. Exploring a new city by using GPS. D. Writing an email using voice-to-text. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Smartphones: barriers to human B. GPS: the invisible cost of convenience C. Stress: the main cause of brain damage D. Discomfort: a hidden source of resilience Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·江苏扬州·期末） In an age when smartphones deliver constant updates and social media fuels endless comparison, Generation Z (born between 1997-2012) is leading a cultural movement which is opposite the current trend in the fast-paced digital world: slow living. This philosophy, which emphasizes purpose over speed and quality over quantity, is gaining popularity as young people rebel (反叛) against the burnout culture that affected millennials (born between 1981-1996). Recent data from the Pew Research Center reveals that 58% of Gen Z surveyed actively limit their social media usage, while 43% have deleted at least one app to reduce digital stress. The shift goes beyond digital habits. A 2024 report by McKinsey Company highlights that 72% of Gen Z consumers prefer sustainable brands, even at higher price points, reflecting a rejection of fast fashion and unplanned consumption. Secondhand store shopping has increased by 35% among them since 2022, according to research firm GlobalData. Psychologists owe this to “climate anxiety” and a desire for being real. “Gen Z sees slow living as both self-care and activism (行动主义),” explains Dr. Hannah Lee, a behavioral scientist at UCLA. “They’re shaping lifestyles in line with their values-not just following trends.” However, critics argue that the movement’s ideals are easier to adopt for those in good financial situation. A study in The Journal of Social Economics notes that low-income Gen Z individuals are 40%less likely to participate in slow living practices like eating organic food or keeping only what they truly need, mainly because they have less money to spend. “Simplifying your life is a privilege when you’re working three odd jobs (零工),” comments sociologist Dr. Carlos Mendez. This difference has caused debates about whether slow living unintentionally excludes (排除在外) disadvantaged groups. The trend is reshaping industries. Tech companies now market “focus mode” apps that block distractions, while fashion brands promote “quiet luxury” — plain-looking but high-quality designs. Even workplaces are adapting, with 20%of U.S. firms trialing four-day workweeks in 2024, according to Harvard Business Review. Yet questions remain: Is this a lasting cultural shift or a temporary rebellion? As Dr. Lee observes, “Gen Z isn’t rejecting progress; they’re redefining what ‘better’ means.” 1. How does Dr. Hannah Lee see Gen Z’s choice of slow living? A. They blindly follow influential trends. B. They say no to modern digital technology. C. They care more about cost than the environment. D. They view it as a way to express personal values. 2. What can be inferred about the movement from paragraph 3? A. It contributes to a waste of resources. B. Not all income groups can be involved. C. Gen Z’s environmental concerns are ignored. D. It appeals for universal adoption of the trend. 3. The underlined phrase “quiet luxury” in paragraph 4 refers to ________. A. advanced digital devices B. simple, well-made products C. affordable fast-fashion items D. expensive, eye-catching designs 4. What is the best title for the text? A. Why Gen Z Show Preference for an Easier Life. B. The Upcoming End of Digital Technology. C. How Secondhand Shopping Became Popular. D. The Rise of Slow Living among Young People. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下·浙江湖州·期末） Cortisol, widely recognized as the “stress hormone (激素)”, plays a key role in managing stress. The recent discussions in TikTok suggest a misinterpretation that cortisol imbalances are directly responsible for various health issues, from loose skin to sleep and digestive problems. “The relationship between cortisol and body symptoms is not straightforward.” Experts like Martin Picard from Columbia University emphasizes. Our bodies release cortisol when we encounter a challenge, whether psychological or physical, real or imagined. Things like coming across a bear on a hike, receiving an annoying work email or delivering a public speech are the typical cases. Cortisol aids in energy supply and metabolism (新陈代谢) control. Its levels vary, peaking in the morning and reducing by night. However, long-term stress can disturb this balance, leading to sustained high cortisol levels. Potential disadvantages are weakened immune (免疫的) system and high blood sugar, as well as mental illnesses like depression and PTSD. In extreme cases, too much cortisol production may lead to Cushing’s syndrome, characterized by serious physical changes and requiring medical treatment. Identifying cortisol-related issues requires professional evaluation, as self-assessment or at-home testing may not provide accurate results due to cortisol’s dynamic nature. Experts suggest consulting healthcare professionals for a thorough check. While there’s no one-size-fits-all solution for managing cortisol levels, research indicates that practices such as yoga, mindfulness, and moderate exercise can aid in regulating the body’s stress response. These activities not only help in reducing stress but also in training the body to manage its stress In conclusion, cortisol plays a key role in how our body handles stress and functions overall. However, saying that many health problems are just due to cortisol imbalances misses the complex interaction between hormones, stress and health. It’s important to take a holistic approach to health, with professional guidance and personalized stress management strategies. 1. What can we learn about cortisol? A. It can directly cause sleep disorder. B. It won’t influence physical health at all. C. It has nothing to do with stomach upset. D. It is misunderstood on social media. 2. What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A. Exercise guarantees cortisol decrease. B. Home testing of cortisol is not available. C. Multiple tests may be required to measure cortisol. D. Experts reject home activities in stress management. 3. What does the underlined word “holistic” mean in the last paragraph? A. Medical. B. Physical. C. Immediate. D. Comprehensive. 4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. Cortisol: The Simple Truth About Stress Hormone. B. Medical Treatments for Cortisol-Related Disorders. C. How to Reduce Cortisol Levels Through Daily Exercises. D. Cortisol’s Complex Role in Stress and Health Issues. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·广东广州·期末） Deep underneath the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean lies beautiful reefs colored by its algae (藻类). However, in the early 1980s, an El Niño heatwave led to mass-bleaching, which turned more than 90 percent of these corals a pale, lifeless white. When stronger El Niño events struck the area again in 2015–2016, biologist Tina Palacio observed a surprising phenomenon: some corals resisted bleaching or showed recovery. Her team later discoveryed that Pocillopora — the region’s primary reef-building coral — had gotten rid of their original algae and adopted heat-tolerant species. Corals typically provide nitrogen (氮气) to their resident algae and receive carbon in return for energy. “To maintain the algae’s survival and provide the nutrients required by the host, there’s a really delicate and very complex nutritional relationship between the two,” Palacio says. Under heat stress, corals produce more nitrogen, which causes the algae to grow rapidly and divide more, storing the carbon and keeping it from their hosts. Palacio discovered that baby corals has learned not to overshare nitrogen with the algae. This way, they can live together harmoniously. And baby corals aren’t stuck in one place — they float freely in the ocean before settling down. This helps the species move to better waters or spread genes that let them handle heat. Researchers also found corals can act on their own. They have tiny hair-like structures called cilia that work like a cooling system, beating fast to make tiny whirlpools (漩涡) in the water and moving extra oxygen to areas that need it. These whirlpools stop oxygen from building up harmfully in one place. Although corals are adapting, they can’t outpace climate threats alone. It’s hard to go back after a bleaching event and see them dead. That gives us the motivation to use whatever skill is, whatever our passion is, to try to help. 1. Why does the author mention El Niño heatwaves twice? A. To stress the urgency of ocean conservation. B. To show the corals’ adaptation to heatwaves. C. To indicate the impact of climate change on corals. D. To highlight the relationship between corals and algae. 2. What do baby corals do to live with their algae? A. Sharing more carbon. B. Removing more algae. C. Moving to cooler areas. D. Reserving extra nitrogen. 3. How do coral cilia function? A. By storing extra oxygen. B. By redistributing oxygen. C. By releasing oxygen quickly. D. By changing oxygen into nitrogen. 4. What message does the author want to convey? A. Coral bleaching calls for human protection. B. Humans need more passion to protect ocean species. C. Coral protection is our duty despite its self-adjustment. D. Coral adaptation is unavoidable in spite of humans’ help. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·江苏扬州·期末） Rice’s whales are among the world’s rarest sea mammals, with only about 50 surviving off Florida. How did scientists miss them - and how can we save them now? It’s not often that scientists discover a new species of mammal, let alone one that reaches 40 feet in length, weighs up to 30 tons, and often appears near coastal areas where many people live. But that’s what happened in 2021 when scientists announced a new species: Rice’s whale, wrongly thought to be a subspecies (亚种) of Bryde’s whale in the past. The exciting news was accompanied by a much sadder announcement, however: the filter-feeding (滤食性) whales, often called the Gulf of Mexico whale because of their home base just south of the Florida coastal area, are endangered. Only 51 whales remain, according to researchers’ best estimates. With their main habitat in the middle of a busy ship route, Rice’s whales face constant danger from ship crashes, military training activities, oil and gas digging, and pollution. The Gulf oil spill in 2010 polluted almost half of the whales’ habitat, killed an estimated 17 percent of the remaining population, sickened another 18 percent, and left almost a quarter of females with reproductive (繁殖) problems. With the clock ticking, scientists have launched a series of research projects to study the species more closely. For example, a recent study, published in January, used the whales’ unique calls to track their movements, finding that the whales travel outside their main range, as far west as the coast of Texas. “It was exciting to discover that they still regularly occur in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico,” says study leader Melissa Soldevilla, a biologist for NOAA. “Historic records suggest that they once lived across more of the Gulf, but no whales had been seen beyond the main habitat since the 1990s.” Tracking the whales’ locations is necessary to decide their critical habitat under the Endangered Species Act. “Once we understand where and when the whales occur, we can determine where they share space with human activities that may harm them,” Soldevilla says. “This helps us identify and develop management and protection actions to reduce the threat and improve their chances of survival.” 1. What do we learn about the discovery of Rice’s whale? A. The species was originally found in the Atlantic Ocean. B. It used to be mistaken for a subspecies of Bryde’s whale. C. Its population was stable before being listed as endangered. D. Scientists previously ignored its existence due to its small size 2. How did the 2010 Gulf oil spill affect Rice’s whale? A. It made ship strikes on whales more frequent. B. It increased military training in their habitat. C. It resulted in trouble with male wale growth. D. It caused about 17%to die and made 18%sick. 3. What does Melissa say about Rice’s whales? A. Their movements are protected by scientists. B. They find new homes out of Mexico Gulf. C. Their range is showing signs of expansion. D. They always stay in a small area of the Gulf. 4. What is the purpose of tracking Rice’s whales’ locations? A. To keep records for biological research. B. To analyze their underwater activities. C. To count their total population numbers. D. To map their habitats needing protection Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·浙江温州·期末） Coca-Cola will be using over 4.1 billion kilograms of plastic a year by the year 2030, unless it stops using single-use plastic, according to a report from the conservation organization Oceana. Oceana also estimates that by 2030, an annual 602 million kilograms of Coca-Cola’s plastic packaging will be polluting the world’s oceans and waterways. The report says that this is enough plastic to fill the stomachs of 18 million blue whales. Oceana made its estimates using Coca-Cola’s own reported data on its use of plastic packaging between 2018 and 2023, and a forecast of the company’s future sales growth based on past trends. A 2024 study found that Coca-Cola is already the world’s worst plastic-polluting brand. Oceana says the problem is Coca-Cola’s use of single-use plastic instead of reusable packaging. Reusable bottles can be used up to 25 times if made of thicker plastic, and up to 50 times if made of glass. Coca-Cola previously had a goal of using 25% reusable packaging by 2030, but announced that it had given up that goal at the end of 2024. Instead, the company says it will increase the use of recycled plastic in its packaging and increase collection of single-use plastic bottles for further recycling. However, Oceana says that relying on the use of recycled materials and collection of plastic for recycling won’t reduce the great influence of Coca-Cola’ s plastic footprint. The organization’s Senior Vice President Matt Littlejohn said: “Single-use plastic is bad for the oceans, human health, and business. Recycling can’t solve the company’s out-of-control plastic problem. Reuse can.” He added, “Single-use plastic bottles made with recycled content can — just like bottles made of virgin plastic — still become marine pollution and harm ocean life.” As well as harming sea life, plastic use is also harmful for human health. Several studies have connected plastic pollution and microplastics to serious health conditions, such as cancer, heart disease and dementia. Oceana suggests Coca-Cola should take real action that can address its plastic problem now, namely replacing single-use packaging with reusable packaging. 1. What was Coca-Cola’s original plan for 2030? A. To use 25% reusable packaging. B. To stop all plastic bottle production. C. To recycle 100% of its plastic waste. D. To replace plastics with glass bottles. 2. What is Oceana’s attitude toward Coca-Cola’s recycled plastic policy? A. Supportive. B. Critical. C. Reserved. D. Indifferent. 3. What can we infer according to Matt Littlejohn? A. Blue whales are the most affected by plastic waste. B. Reusable packaging is a better solution than recycling. C. Microplastics mainly come from non-recycled bottles. D. Coca-Cola’s new plan will solve plastic pollution effectively. 4. Which is the most suitable title for the passage? A. How to Stop Ocean Pollution. B. Coca-Cola’s New Reusable Plan. C. A Growing Threat of Plastic Bottles. D. Coca-Cola’s Plastic Pollution Problem. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下·湖南衡阳·期末） Wild African elephants have the rare ability to address each other with name-like calls, according to a new study published in Nature Ecology & Evolution. This discovery was made by researchers from Colorado State University (CSU), who used machine learning to confirm that elephant calls contain a name-like component that identifies the intended recipient. The researchers played back recorded calls to some elephants and found that the animals reacted favorably to the calls addressed to them by calling back or approaching the speaker. The behaviors had been suspected based on previous observations, but the new study provided concrete evidence. Lead author Michael Pardo explained that while dolphins and parrots call each other by “name” through imitation (模仿) of the addressee’s signature call, elephants do not rely on imitation. Instead, their method is more similar to how human names function, suggesting a capacity for abstract thought. Co-author George Wittemyer emphasized the significance of arbitrary (任意的) vocal labels, which indicate advanced cognitive skills. Arbitrary communication, where a sound represents an idea without imitating it, greatly expands communication capability. This ability is uncommon among animals but is necessary for identifying individuals by name. The study spanned four years and included 14 months of intensive fieldwork in Kenya. The researchers followed elephants in vehicles, recording their vocalizations. They captured about 470 distinct calls in Samburu National Reserve and Amboseli National Park. The research revealed that elephants, like humans, do not always address each other by name in conversation. Naming was more common over long distances or when adults were talking to calves. Wittemyer noted that the study provides insight into possible drivers of why humans evolved these abilities. The research also strengthens the case for elephant conservation, as elephants are classified as endangered due to poaching (偷猎) for their ivory tusks and habitat loss from development. Understanding their communication could help reduce conflicts with humans, making it easier to coexist with these large and sometimes destructive animals. 1. How did the elephants deal with the recorded calls? A. They stayed away from them. B. They ignored them purposely. C. They imitated them like human. D. They responded to them positively. 2. What can we know about the elephants’ name-like calls? A. They are common in the wild. B. They sound like human names. C. They are the same to those of dolphins. D. They show the elephants’ thinking ability. 3. Which of the following can best describe the process of the study? A. Efficient. B. Interesting. C. Tough. D. Unreliable. 4. What can the study contribute to? A. Developing habitats. B. Protecting elephants. C. Stopping poaching. D. Classifying danger. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C Passage 2【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C Passage 3【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 4. D Passage 4【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A Passage 2【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C 4. D Passage 3【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A Passage 4【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 4. B 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A Passage 2【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A Passage 3【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C Passage 4【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D 4. B 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 4. A Passage 2【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D Passage 3【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A Passage 4【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 4. C 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C Passage 2【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. D Passage 3【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B 4. D Passage 4【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 4. D 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C Passage 2【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D Passage 3【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D Passage 4【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 4. B / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $