专题04 选择性必修第四册Units 4～6 教材核心知识串讲（期末复习课件）高二英语下学期外研版

这是高中英语外研版选择性必修第四册Units 4~6的期末复习课件，包含考情透视明确课标与考点，知识梳理整合重点单词、短语及写作句式，语法串讲聚焦定语从句、名词性从句和情态动词，辅以考场练兵的单句填空、改写句子等实战训练，搭建全面复习支架。 资料特色在于紧扣主题语境培养核心素养，如Unit 6太空探索主题弘扬科学精神与家国情怀提升文化意识，语法部分通过关系词选用、情态动词“情态动词+have done”等实例解析强化语言能力与思维品质，即学即练设计助力学习能力提升。适用于高二学生巩固基础应对期末及高考过渡，为教师提供系统复习方案提高教学效率。

期末复习考点串讲 Units 4~6 外研版·英语·选择性必修第四册 01 考情透视·目标导航 目 录 语法串讲·融会贯通 知识梳理·夯实基础 考场练兵·实战训练 02 03 04 课标要求 考情分析 第一部分 考情透视·目标导航 考情透视·目标导航 Unit 4: Everyday Economics 核心复习要点： 主题语境聚焦现代经济现象，探讨创业、共享经济、个人理财等贴近生活的经济话题；核心内容涵盖对各类经济模式的理解与分析，学习用英语探讨经济活动背后的逻辑。核心素养旨在培养理性消费观念和创新思维，理解经济活动对个人生活与社会发展的深层影响，积累经济领域的核心词汇与表达，提升用英语分析经济现象的能力。 Unit 5: Into the Unknown 核心复习要点： 主题语境围绕古今中外的未解之谜展开，探究玛雅文明衰落、深海奥秘等神秘领域；核心内容包含对未知世界的科学探索过程，学习相关科普类文本的阅读与解读技巧。核心素养侧重激发科学探索兴趣，培养科学精神与实证意识，掌握探索类话题的英语表达，提升逻辑推理与科学认知能力，同时学会用英语理性探讨未知现象背后的科学原理。 Unit 6: Space and Beyond 核心复习要点： 主题语境聚焦人类太空探索的壮阔历程，从早期航天尝试到现代宇宙探索成就，展望未来星际探索的无限可能；核心内容包含太空探索的重大事件、科技突破与相关人物事迹。核心素养旨在弘扬不畏艰险的科学探索精神，增强民族自豪感与家国情怀，积累航天科技领域的专业词汇与表达，提升在科技探索话题下的英语综合运用与跨文化交流能力。 1.7.2013 ‹#› 考情透视·目标导航 考情分析 语法与词汇 高频考点聚焦定语从句、名词性从句和情态动词的用法，需重点掌握各类从句的引导词选择、语法规则以及情态动词在不同语境中的语义与表达功能，构建清晰的语法知识体系。 词汇考查重点在于经济、科普、科技类核心词汇及其派生词和固定搭配，不仅要准确掌握词汇的基本含义，还要灵活运用其词性变化与常用搭配，满足在相关专业语境下的语言理解与表达需求。 阅读理解 体裁呈现多样化特征，涵盖说明文、议论文和新闻报道等常见实用文体，不同体裁在行文结构、语言风格和信息呈现方式上各有特点，需要快速适应并精准把握文本的核心表述逻辑。 着重考查学生的综合阅读能力，包括对文章主旨大意的概括归纳、关键细节信息的定位与提取、作者隐含观点的分析与判断，以及基于文本内容的逻辑推理能力，全面检验对各类文本的深度解读水平。 写作与表达 写作任务要求运用所学的核心词汇和句式结构，完成关于社会现象、科学探索或个人观点的议论文或说明文创作，需结合相关主题合理组织内容，清晰阐述观点并进行逻辑论证。 表达上强调语言的准确性、连贯性和丰富性，既要保证语法正确、用词恰当，又要注重语句之间的衔接与段落的逻辑层次，同时通过多样化的句式和词汇运用提升文章的语言表现力，展现良好的英语书面表达素养。 1.7.2013 ‹#› 单词、短语、句型 第二部分 知识梳理·夯实基础 知识梳理·夯实基础 一、重点单词 阅读词汇会认 Unit 4 Everyday Economics 1. entrepreneur (n.) ____________ 2. cosmetics (n.) ____________ 3. distribution (n.) ____________ 4. bonus (n.) ____________ 5. consultant (n.) ____________ 6. ambitious (adj.) ____________ 7. regulation (n.) ____________ 8. supervision (n.) ____________ 9. abuse (n.) ____________ 10. leak (v.) ____________ 企业家 化妆品 分销，配送 奖金 顾问 雄心勃勃的 法规，条例 监督，管理 滥用 泄露 1.7.2013 ‹#› 知识梳理·夯实基础 重点词汇会写 1. ____________(n./adj.) 潜力；潜在的 2. ____________(adj.) 有事业心的，有进取心的 3. ____________(n.) 热情，酷爱；酷爱之物 4. ____________(n.) 奉献，忠诚；热爱，挚爱 5. ____________(n.) 拒绝；否决；抛弃，拒收 6. ____________(n.) 障碍，阻碍；障碍物 7. ____________(adj.) 最初的，字首的；首字母的 8. ____________(adj.) 体面的；正派的；相当好的 9. ____________(v.) 再利用，重新使用；循环使用 10. ____________(adj.) 相关的；切题的；有意义的 potential enterprising passion devotion rejection obstacle initial decent reuse relevant 1.7.2013 ‹#› input n．投入(物)→(反义词)_________n．输出，输出量；产量 2．distribute vt.使分布，分散；分销→_________n．(商品的)分销，经销→_________n．经销商；分销商 3．guide n．指导，向导，导游vt.指引，指导→_________n．指导，引导 4．consult v．查阅；商量；向……请教→_________n．顾问 5．convention n．大会；惯例；协定；习俗→_________adj.传统的，常规的 6．discriminate v．不公正地区别对待，歧视→_______ __ n．歧视；区别对待，辨别；识别力 7．subjective adj.主观的→(反义词)_________adj.客观的 8．finance n．财政，财政学；金融→_________ adj.财政的，金融的；财务的 9．sorrow n．令人悲伤的事，不幸→_________adj.悲伤的，悲痛的 10．frustrate v．挫败；阻止；使沮丧→_________n．懊丧，懊恼，沮丧 词性拓展 output distribution distributor guidance consultant conventional discrimination  objective  financial sorrowful frustration 二、重点短语 1．最终成为 ______________________________ 2．回馈，回报____________________________________ 3．众人拾柴火焰高____________________________________ 4．迷上创业____________________________________ 5．遭到拒绝___________________________ 6．开始创业/职业生涯__________________ 7．精心培育……直至成功__________________ 8．（事业）腾飞，成功__________________ end up doing sth. give something back to... It takes a village to raise a child. be bitten by the start-up bug meet with rejection start out nurse...to success take off 1.7.2013 ‹#› 9．削减，减少___________________________________________ 10．以……为代价__________________ 11．易受……影响的；取决于________________ 12．有使用……的机会________________ 13．作为对……的回应________________ 14．有意义，讲得通________________________________ 15．考虑到……________________________________ cut down on at the expense of be subject to have access to in response to make sense take...into account 1.7.2013 继续看重点短语。“at the expense of”表示“以……为代价”，“take...into account”表示“考虑到”，这些都是写作中非常实用的表达。 ‹#› 三、写作句式积累 Whether we're a lender or a borrower, ...无论我们是出租者还是租用者，这都是一个双赢的局面…… , she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.尽管希望看到新的创业精神，但她也建议人们要现实一些，在仓促行事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导 , their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next.他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人对他们接下来会说什么毫无头绪。 it's a win-win situation Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit They stared back 知识梳理·夯实基础 一、重点单词 阅读词汇会认 Unit 5: Into the Unknown 1. intrigue (v.) __________________ 2. syllable (n.) __________________ 3. interpret (v.) __________________ 4. primitive (adj.) __________________ 5. drought (n.) __________________ 6. downfall (n.) __________________ 7. archaeological (adj.) ____________ 8. trench (n.) __________________ 9. equivalent (adj.) ______________ 10. vessel (n.) __________________ 激起……的好奇心 音节 解释，解读 原始的 干旱 垮台，衰落 考古学的 海沟 相等的 船，舰；容器 1.7.2013 好的，我们现在进入Unit 5的学习。这一页是阅读词汇，涉及到考古、自然等领域，大家快速熟悉一下它们的含义。 ‹#› 知识梳理·夯实基础 1. n.神秘事物，谜_____________ 2. v./n.倒塌，崩溃_____________ 3. adj./n.典型的；代表_____________ 4. adj.精确的_____________ 5. adj.独特的_____________ mystery collapse representative accurate unique 6. n.顶峰，高峰_____________ 7. v./n.下降，衰退_____________ 8. n.探索_____________ 9. n.能力，容量_____________ 10. n.使命，任务_____________ peak decline exploration capacity mission 重点词汇会写 1.7.2013 ‹#› 词性拓展 1．__________ adj.公民的；民间的→__________   v. 使文明；教化；开化→__________ n．文明(社会) 2．__________  v. 离弃，逃离→__________ adj.放纵的；被离弃的；被遗弃的 3．__________ v. 拒绝考虑，否定；解雇→__________  n．不予考虑，摒弃；解雇 4．__________   v. 扩张；增加；扩展；详述→__________ n．扩大；增加 5．__________  v. 调查；研究→__________  n．调查 civil civilise civilisation abandon abandoned  dismiss dismissal expand expansion  investigate investigation 二、重点短语 1．与……相符______________________________ 2．把……应用于……_________________________ 3．处于顶峰______________________ 4．导致______________________ 5．在……中起作用______________________ 6．把……变成……______________________ 7．挖掘______________________ 8．启航______________________ correspond to apply...to... at its peak lead to play a part in turn...into... dig into set sail 1.7.2013 Unit 5的重点短语。“at its peak”表示“处于顶峰”，“play a part in”表示“在……中起作用”，这些短语在描述历史事件和科学发现时经常用到。 ‹#› 三、写作句式积累 Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also , present and future.同时，这种文明的兴衰也必须让我们思考自己的过去、现在和未来。 are an estimated three million shipwrecks.据估计，全球海底有三百万艘沉船 Furthermore, the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources, .此外，海洋还是自然资源的宝贵来源，其中一些对我们来说完全是新的资源。 leave us thinking about our own past Lying under waters across the globe some of which are completely new to us 知识梳理·夯实基础 一、重点单词 阅读词汇会认 Unit 6: Space and Beyond 1. arduous (adj.)_________________________ 2. hazardous (adj.)_________________________ 3. undertaking (n.)_________________________ 4. excursion (n.)_________________________ 5. rekindle (v.)_________________________ 艰巨的，费力的 危险的 事业，任务 短途旅行 重新点燃 6. disastrous (adj.)_________________________ 7. suspend (v.)_________________________ 8. resume (v.)_________________________ 9. cosmic (adj.)_________________________ 10. conceivably (adv.)_________________________ 灾难性的 暂停，中止 重新开始 宇宙的 可以想象地 1.7.2013 ‹#› 知识梳理·夯实基础 1. adj.习惯的____________________ 2. n.观念，想法____________________ 3. n.创新，革新____________________ 4. n.平民，百姓____________________ 5. v.证明，演示____________________ accustomed notion innovation civilian demonstrate 6. adv.悲剧地____________________ 7. n.组成部分____________________ 8. n./v.牺牲____________________ 9. n.着迷，魅力____________________ 10. adj.令人惊叹的____________________ tragically component sacrifice fascination breathtaking 重点词汇会写 1.7.2013 Unit 6的重点词汇。“innovation”（创新）、“sacrifice”（牺牲）、“breathtaking”（令人惊叹的），这些词可以用来描述科技发展和人类探索精神。 ‹#› 词性拓展 1．except prep.除…之外 conj.除了→_________ n．例外→_________adj.异常的→_________ adj.平常的 2．suspend v．暂停，中止→_________ n．暂停；推迟，延期 3．submit v．提交→_________ n．提交；呈递；(向法官提出的)意见 4．simulate v．模仿；假装；冒充→_________adj.模仿的，模拟的，仿真的→_________ n．(用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器→_________ n．仿真；模拟；模仿；假装 5．vision n．视力；视野→_________adj.明显的；看得见的→_________ adj.看不见的 exception exceptional unexceptional suspension simulated submission simulator simulation visible invisible 二、重点短语 1．踏上________________________________________ 2．习惯于________________________________________ 3．人类的一大步________________________________________ 4．收看，收听________________________________________ 5．给……蒙上阴影________________________________________ 6．缩短，中断________________________________________ 7．与……并肩而立________________________________________ 8．追求卓越________________________________________ set foot on become accustomed to one giant leap for mankind tune in cast a shadow on cut short take one's place alongside reach for the stars 1.7.2013 Unit 6的短语非常经典。“set foot on”（踏上），“one giant leap for mankind”（人类的一大步），这些都与人类探索太空的历史紧密相连。 ‹#› 三、写作句式积累 Guided by a computer , all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth.执行“阿波罗11号”任务的三位宇航员在一台计算机的指导下都安全返回了地球，即便这台计算机远不如当今普通学校的学生使用的计算机功能强大。 When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时，对于相关宇航员所获得的惊人成就，全世界似乎已经失去了新鲜感。 The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be .全世界都震惊了，因为大多数人本以为这次太空航行不会比乘飞机旅行更加危险。 For example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui, . 例如，在中国三星堆考古遗址发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目青铜像，古时的人们认为它们能够看到遥远的星空。 that was much less powerful than the ones used by today's average school students seemed to have lost its wonder no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars 1.7.2013 ‹#› 第三部分 语法串讲·融会贯通 语法串讲 即时检测 1.7.2013 基础知识梳理完毕，现在我们进入第三部分，语法串讲。我们将重点复习情态动词的用法，这是一个高考高频考点。 ‹#› 1.概述 （1）定义:用来限制、描绘或说明主句中某一个名词或代词（有时也可以说明整个主句或主句中的一部分）而起定语作用的从句叫作定语从句。它所修饰的对象称为先行词。 定语从句 24 （2）关系词的用法 关系词 指代对象 关系词在从句中所作的成分 关系代词 that 人或物 主、宾、表 which 物 主、宾、表 who 人 主、宾、表 whom 人 宾 whose 人或物 定 as 人或物 主、宾、表 关系副词 when 时间 时间状语 where 地点 地点状语 why 原因 原因状语 25 （3）分类:定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。 26 2.关系代词与关系副词的选用 定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可以用以下方法判断： 依据 用法 根据从句的谓语动 词 是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；是不 及物动词，则用关系副词。 根据关系词在从句 中所作的成分 若关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，用关系 代词，作状语则用关系副词。 This is the factory where he used to work. 这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。 Is this the museum that/which was built last year?这就是去年建的那家博物馆吗? 27 3.as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 （1）在位置上，as引导的从句可放在主句前、后或中间，而which只能放在主句后。 As the famous militarist once said, attack is the best method of defence. 正如这位著名的军事家曾经所说,进攻是最好的防守。 I often called them gentlemen,which made them giggle. 我经常称他们为绅士， 这让他们咯咯地笑。 28 （2）在含义上,as有“正如”之意，而which意为“这一点，这件事”。 He changed his mind again,which made us all angry. 他又改变了主意，这使我们都生气了。 29 4.只用that，不用which的情况 2.先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, everything等时； 3.先行词被 the only, the last, the same等限定词修饰时； 4.先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时； 5.当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时； 6.先行词在主句中作表语且关系词在从句中作表语时； 7.先行词被序数词修饰时； 1.先行词既有人又有物时； 序 重 表 形 限 代 两 30 5.介词＋关系代词 关系代词 的选用 介词的选用 which whom 先行词表人 先行词表物 从句中的动词或形容词的搭配 根据句子的意思判断 表示“整体和部分关系”常用of 先行词的意义和搭配 31 6、定语从句中的主谓一致 关系代词作从句的主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与 保持一致。 He is the man who (want) to see you. The pictures which (look) beautiful are drawn by him. wants look 先行词 32 1.My brother likes the stories _______ were written by Mark Twain because they are often humorous. 2.He is the boy with ______ I talked just now. 3.What’s the name of the girl ______father is a doctor? 4.I still remember the day ______ our new school was built. 先行词为物 作主语 that/ which 先行词为人 whom 先行词为人 whose 先行词表时间 when 【 】 【 】 【 】 【 】 作定语 作状语 即学即练 名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子，它的功能相当于名词(短语)，在复合句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句的引导词及其用法如下： 名词性从句 考点一　连接词that与whether/if 一、连接词that的用法 1．that在名词性从句中不作任何句子成分，引导宾语从句时有时可以省略，引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时不能省略。 I love the fact that Chinese buses, motorcycles, trains and aircraft are either economical or cheap. 我喜欢中国的公共汽车、摩托车、火车和飞机，既经济又便宜。 that引导宾语从句时几种不能省略的情况： ①that从句作介词的宾语时； ②动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略； ③宾语从句前有插入语时； ④that引导的宾语从句位于句首时。 2．that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语的常用句型有： (1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary, right, likely, unlikely, wrong, important, certain等)＋that从句 It is unlikely that I should accept such an offer as that. 我不可能接受那样的提议。 (2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity, a shame, a surprise, no wonder等)＋that从句 It is a pity that your composition has so many spelling mistakes. 很可惜，你的作文有这么多的拼写错误。 (3)It＋be＋过去分词(said, reported, decided等)＋that从句 It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. 已决定会议推迟到下周一举行。 (4)It＋特殊动词(短语)(seems, appears, happens, matters, turns out, makes no difference 等)＋that从句 It turns out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do. 结果表明，大脑像肌肉一样都需要锻炼。 【点津】 在以下主语从句中，常使用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”形式，其中的should可以省略。 ①It is a pity＋that ... ②It is necessary/strange/important/natural ...＋that ... ③It is suggested/requested/required/proposed/desired...＋that... 3．it作形式宾语的宾语从句 (1)find, feel, think, consider, make, believe 等的宾语后有宾语补足语时，需用it作形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。 He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed. 他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。 (2)一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on 等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。 I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. 你不在的时候，我保证照顾好他。 二、连接词whether与if引导的名词性从句 1．引导主语从句(if引导主语只能放在句尾，前面要用it作形式主语。)、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用whether。 2．whether与if引导宾语从句时大多数情况下可以互换，但下列情况下宜用whether： ①后面直接跟or not时； ②用于介词后引导宾语从句时。 【点津】 doubt后接从句时，如果用于肯定句，从句的引导词用whether或if；用于否定句或疑问句时，从句的引导词常用that。 The doctor really doubts whether/if my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 医生真的怀疑我母亲是否能很快从重病中康复。 即时演练 单句语法填空 1．_______ people in London speak fast and use unfamiliar words made Xie Lei confused at first. 2．Dick enjoys painting but he knows the fact _______ he doesn't have what it takes to be a professional. 3．His capability has never been in doubt; the question is __________ he is prepared to put efforts. That that whether 4．Sometimes, I really doubt _____________ there is love between my parents.They quarrel on a regular basis. 5．It is reported _______ we must be cautious about earthquakes nowadays. whether/if that 考点二　连接代词 一、what的用法 what可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语等。what引导名词性从句时有两个意思：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；二是表示“……的东西或事情”，相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。 Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed. 我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想要成功，要相信我们所做的事情和我们自己。 二、whatever，whoever, whomever，whichever与what, who, whom, which的区别 whatever 意为“……的任何(事物)，无论什么东西”，相当于anything that，在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或定语 what 可引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 whoever 意为“……的任何人”，相当于anyone who，在名词性从句中作主语或宾语 who 可引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，通常保留疑问的含义，即“谁” What worries us most is who let out the secret. 最令我们担忧的是谁泄漏了秘密。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 任何触犯法律的人都应该受到惩罚。 whomever 意为“任何人；无论是谁”，在名词性从句中作宾语 whom 在名词性从句中作宾语，意为“谁” whichever 意为“无论哪个/哪些”，表示有范围的选择，在名词性从句中一般作定语 which 意为“哪一个”，在名词性从句中可一般作定语，表示有范围的选择 考点三　连接副词 引导名词性从句的连接副词有when，where，why，how等，它们均在从句中作状语。 I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她何时回来。 I've been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting. 我一直考虑我们如何能使报纸更有趣。 That's why I want you to work there. 那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。 即时演练单句 语法填空 1．What puzzles Mike's friends is ______ he refused an offer from Yale university yesterday. 2．What some teenagers don't realize is ______ difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs. why how 3．It is the ability to do the job that matters, not ________ you come from or what you are. 4．Getting up early also relieves stress and tension because it gives you the time to squeeze in a workout before you get distracted (分神). This is ______ morning people tend to be healthier and happier. where why 情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有must,can/could,may/might,ought to 2.既可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有need,dare 3.既可作情态动词也可作助动词的有shall/should,will/would 4.具有情态动词的某些特征的有have/has/had to,used to 情态动词 1. 表示“能力”时，can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。 The machine can work 24 hours a day.这台机器能全天 24 小时运行。 When I was in college, I could stay up all night studying. 2. 表示“推测”时，can用于否定句中，can't表示“不可能”。could表“推测”时，比can的可能性要小。 She can't be in the library. I just saw her leave the school. This could be the right answer, but let's check again. 3. 表示“请求”或“许可”时，通常用于疑问句中；could表“请求”时比can更委婉。 Can you help me carry this bag?你能帮我提这个包吗？ Could you please open the window?您能开一下窗户吗？ can和could的用法 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 50 4. could have done表示“本可以做某事”；couldn’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”。 She could have told me the truth, but she chose to lie.她本可以告诉我真相，但她选择了撒谎。 They couldn’t have arrived yet. The flight was delayed for 3 hours.他们不可能已经到了。航班延误了 3 小时。 5. be able to do表示“能够做某事”，不能与 can连用，但有更多时态。was/were able to do 表示过去能够而且做到了某事。 He has been able to solve the problem after several attempts.经过几次尝试，他终于能解决这个问题了。 The firefighters were able to save all the people in the burning building.消防员成功救出了着火大楼里的所有人。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 51 1.may和might可用于肯定句中表示“许可”，用在疑问句中表示“请求”。 May I leave early today? 我今天可以早点走吗？ You might borrow the car if you ask politely. 如果你礼貌请求，或许可以借到车。 2. might表“推测”时，可能性比may的可能性小，把握把握不大。may/might have done表示“可能已经做了某事”，但是把握不大。 He might be busy, but I’m not sure.他可能很忙，但我不确定。 She may have forgotten the meeting.她可能忘了开会这件事。 3.may/might well do sth意为“很可能”, may/might as well do sth.表示建议，意为“不妨做某事”。 She might well be late. The traffic is terrible today.她很可能会迟到。今天交通太堵了。 You may as well take an umbrella. It looks like rain.你不妨带把伞。天看起来要下雨了。 4.“May you+动词原形”表示祝愿，意为“祝你……！”。 May you have a safe journey! 祝你旅途平安！ May peace follow you wherever you go! 愿平安与你同在！ may和might的用法 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 52 You must finish your homework before dinner.你必须在晚饭前完成作业。 You mustn't smoke in the library.禁止在图书馆吸烟。 1. must表示“必须”，强调说话人的主观态度，否定式为mustn't，意为“不允许，禁止。 You’ve been working all day. You must be tired.你工作了一整天，一定很累。 He didn’t answer the phone. He must be taking a shower.他没接电话，一定在洗澡。 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.地面是湿的，昨晚一定下过雨。 2. must表示“推测”，意为“一定是，准是"，只用于肯定句中。must be doing肯定正在做某事；must have done表示对过去发生的事情肯定判断，表示“肯定已经做了”。 must和have to的用法 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 53 They had to walk home because the bus didn’t come. He doesn’t have to finish the report today. It’s due next week. 3. have to表示客观需要，意为“不得不”，否定式为don’t have to，相当于needn't。 The car must break down on the highway!车子偏要在高速上抛锚！ If you must go out tonight, at least take an umbrella.如果你今晚偏要出去，至少带把伞。 Why must you leave the door open? It’s freezing outside!你为什么偏要把门开着？外面冷死了！ 4. must表示“偏要”，指说话人对发生的事情表示不满。用于表达说话人对某人固执行为或不合时宜的情况的不满、不耐烦或责备，强调“对方偏偏要这样做”，隐含“本不该如此却执意为之” must和have to的用法 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 54 1.shall用在第一三人称疑问句中时，表示征求对方意见。 Shall we go for a walk after dinner?晚饭后我们去散步好吗？ Shall the report be sent to you by email?这份报告用邮件发你可以吗？ 2.shall用在第二、三人称陈述句中时，表示允诺、命令、告诫等。 He shall have the book by tomorrow, I promise. Whoever breaks the law shall be held responsible. 3.should表示“推测”,常意为“按道理说应该”；should还可以表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失望等，多用It is necessary that…句型。 The train should arrive at 9:30. It’s never late. It’s ridiculous that he should lie to his own parents. shall, should和ought to Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 55 4.should have done表示“本应该做某事而没有做”，否定式则表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。 She should have accepted the job offer. It was a great opportunity.她本应该接受那份工作的，那是个好机会。 He shouldn’t have driven so fast. Now he’s got a speeding ticket.他本不该开那么快的，现在收到超速罚单了。 5.should/ought to表示责任，义务，意为“应该”，否定式为should not/ ought not to。 You ought to apologize for your rudeness.你应该为你的粗鲁道歉。 As a manager, you ought to have addressed the problem earlier.作为经理，你本应该更早处理这个问题。 shall, should和ought to Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 56 Will you call me when you arrive? 你到了之后给我打个电话好吗？ Would you help me with this form? 您能帮我填一下这张表吗？ 1.will表示“请求”,常用于第二人称疑问句中，would比will语气更委婉。 2. will表示主观愿望、意志或决心，would用于过去的习惯性动作，意为“过去常常做某事”。 He will not listen to anyone’s advice. 他不肯听任何人的劝告。 He would often sit by the window, lost in thought. will和would的用法 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 57 Will you wait for me at the entrance? 你能在入口处等我吗？ Would you like to have a cup of tea? 您想喝杯茶吗？ 3.will和would用于第二人称的疑问句中，would表示委婉语气。 4.would have done多用于虚拟条件句或含蓄条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。 We would have arrived on time if the bus hadn’t broken down. Without your help, I wouldn’t have finished the project. Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 58 5.would用于否定句可以表示顽固倾向，意为“老是不”“总是不”。另外，would do还可以表示过去将来时； would用于一般疑问句，表示委婉的用法。Would you please….?请你……好吗？Would you like to do…? 你想……吗？Would you mind doing…? 你介意……吗？Would you rather do…?你倒愿意……吗？ Would you pass the menu, please? 请您把菜单递给我好吗？ Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? 您介意等几分钟吗？ Would you please open the door? 您能开一下门吗？ Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 59 1.need用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句，后接动词原形。needn’t have done表示“本没必要做某事但实际上做了”。 2.need用作实意动词，接名词、代词、不定式作宾语。need doing=need to be done表示需要做。 Do they need to book a hotel in advance?他们需要提前预订酒店吗？ The broken window needs to be repaired.这扇破窗户需要被修理。 She needn’t worry about the exam—she’s well-prepared.她没必要担心考试，她准备得很充分。 She needn’t have hurried to the airport. The flight was delayed for 2 hours.她本没必要急着去机场，航班延误了 2 小时。 need和dare的用法 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 60 3.dare用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句，只有dare和dared两种形式。I dare say...意为“我想,大概,可能,或许……”。 4.dare用作实意动词，接名不定式作宾语。 She didn’t dare (to) tell him the bad news.她不敢告诉他这个坏消息。 Did they dare (to) argue with the teacher?他们敢和老师争论吗？ She dare not go out alone at night.她晚上不敢独自外出。 Dare he speak in front of the whole class?他敢在全班面前发言吗？ She dared not go out alone when she was a child.她小时候不敢独自外出。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 61 1. can’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”。 The baby can’t have eaten a whole cake. She’s only one year old. He can’t have finished the work in an hour. It’s too complicated. 2. could have done用于肯定句，表示“本可以做某事”。couldn’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”。 He could have become a doctor, but he gave up the opportunity. She couldn’t have forgotten your birthday. You reminded her twice. 3. may/might have done用于肯定或否定句中，表示对过去的推测，意思是“也许已经┅，可能已经…”。 She may have forgotten our appointment. She’s been really busy lately. He might have made a mistake in the report, but I’m not sure. 情态动词+have done Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 62 4. must have done只用于肯定句，表示对过去的推测，意思是“一定已经，想必已经，准是已经….”。 The door is locked. They must have left already. He didn’t answer the phone. He must have been busy at that moment. 5. should/ought to have done表示“本应该做某事而没有做”; shouldn’t have done表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。 You shouldn’t have lied to your parents. They trust you. She shouldn’t have opened your letter without permission. 6. needn’t have done表示“作了不必做或不需要做的事”。 We needn’t have prepared so much food. Only five guests came. I needn’t have bought a new umbrella—the old one still works. Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 63 ①Passengers 　　　　　　talk to the driver while the bus is moving,because it will take his focus off the road.  ②Although passing the driving test 　　　　　　be difficult now,it’s worth the efforts.  ③Why are you here?It’s class time and you 　　　　　　be in the classroom now.  ④It is raining heavily outside.You 　　　　　as well stay here for the night.  ⑤Their answers are exactly the same—one of them 　　　　　have copied from the other.  mustn’t can should may/might must 即学即练 语法串讲 即时检测 第四部分 考场练兵·实战训练 考场练兵·实战训练 一、单句语法填空 1．So far, large quantities of information         (send) to the company by email. 2．There is no doubt that smoking           (threat) our health. 3．The majority of the work in creating a project           (be) now completed. 4．The Great Wall, with a history of more than 2000 years,           (locate) in northern China. 5．This is the second time that our products          (show) in the exhibition. 6．It is difficult to estimate the total value of what       (steal). 7．Emmy               (concern) about her son’s safety, so she kept walking round in the room. 8．So far, large amounts of money         (donate) to charity for the rescue work in Turkey. 9．We were           (leave) very early so we packed the night before. 10．Every year, the moment I get on the train, I          (surround) by Shanxi accents. am surrounded leaving have been donated was concerned was stolen have been shown is located is threatens have been sent 考场练兵·实战训练 1. If he ______ my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job. (follow) 2. I wish I ______ at my sister's wedding last Tuesday. (be) 3. It's high time that we ____ __ some measures to protect the environment. (take) 4. He suggested that we ______ off early the next day. (start) 5. Without your help, I ____ __ the work on time. (not finish) 一、单句语法填空 took/should take had been had followed (should) start wouldn't have finished 1.7.2013 ‹#› ______ he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. It was a pity ______ you didn’t go to the party. It is know to us all ______ the earth turns around the sun. ______ he has gone there has not been told yet. ______ make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water. ______struck me was that they have all suffered a lot. ______ of you comes in first will receive a prize. ______ car we should take is the most important thing. ______ the meeting will be held has not been decided. ______ this happened is not clear to anyone. That That That Why What What Whichever Which Whether Why 考场练兵·实战训练 二、改写句子 01 定语从句整合 · 合并复杂句 普通：The man is my teacher. He is standing over there. 升级：The man who/that is standing over there is my teacher. 02 名词性从句 · 直接引语变间接引语 普通："Where will the meeting be held?" he asked. 升级：He asked where the meeting would be held. 03 情态动词 · 可能性推测表达 普通：It is possible that he is ill. 升级：He may/might be ill. 04 情态动词 · 肯定性推测表达 普通：I am sure that he has finished his work. 升级：He must have finished his work. There was a time l. I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English. And this was the reason 2. my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, 3. I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, 4. name was Yu Minhong, communicated with me face-to-face, from 5. I gained some useful instructions. He also introduced a good partner to me, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6. we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide, 7. encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8. I put my entire energy. Every day I read my words and passages aloud. In class I join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I recall the passages, through 9. I can memorize a large number of new words. 10. our English teacher says, “God helps those who help themselves.” 三、语法填空 70 There was a time 1 I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English. And this was the reason 2 my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club 3 I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. when why where So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, 4 name was Yu Minhong, communicated with me face to face, from 5 I gained some useful instructions. He also introduced a good partner to me, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. whose whom Every day I would talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6 we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide, 7 encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn Engish, into 8 I put my entire energy. Every day I read my words and passages aloud. In class I join in English discussions. that/which who which 感谢聆听 每天解决一个小问题，每周攻克 一个薄弱点，量变终会引发质变。 教师寄语 $