专题02 选择性必修第三册单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末复习知识清单）高二英语下学期沪教版

专题01 选择性必修第二册单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 1 Across the globe 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. biology n. 生物学 2. angle n. 角度；斜角 3. minority n. 少数；少数人；少数派 4. remote adj. 偏远的；偏僻的 5. hunt v. 打猎；猎取；猎杀；搜寻 6. airline n. 航空公司 7. demand n. 坚决要求；v. 强烈要求 8. rigid adj. 死板的，僵硬的 9. restricted adj. 有限的，受限制的 10. curriculum n. （学校等的）全部课程 11. enormous adj. 巨大的；庞大的 12. fluency n. 熟练自如；流畅 13. grasp n. 理解力；领会；v. 抓紧；抓牢 14. shoreline n. 海滨线；海（或湖）岸线 15. resident n. 居民；住户 16. relevant adj. 紧密相关的；切题的 17. overcome v. 克服；解决 18. atmosphere n. 气氛；氛围；大气 19. vocabulary n. 词汇；词汇量 20. wilderness n. 荒无人烟的地区；荒野 二、单词拓展 1. biology (n. 生物学) → biological (adj. 生物的) 2. minor (adj. 次要的) → minority (n. 少数；少数派) 3. remote (adj. 偏远的) → remoteness (n. 偏远；遥远) 4. hunt (v./n. 打猎；搜寻) → hunter (n. 猎人) → hunting (n. 狩猎活动) 5. demand (n./v. 要求；需求) → demanding (adj. 高要求的；费力的) 6. rigid (adj. 死板的；僵硬的) → rigidity (n. 僵硬；死板) 7. restrict (v. 限制；约束) → restricted (adj. 受限制的) → restriction (n. 限制；约束) 8. enormous (adj. 巨大的) → enormously (adv. 极其；非常) 9. fluent (adj. 流利的) → fluency (n. 流利；流畅) 10. grasp (v./n. 抓紧；理解) → grasping (adj. 贪婪的) 11. isolate (v. 使隔离) → isolated (adj. 孤立的；偏远的) → isolation (n. 隔离；孤立) 12. resident (n. 居民) → residence (n. 住所；居住) → residential (adj. 居住的) 13. relevant (adj. 紧密相关的) → relevance (n. 相关性；中肯) 14. overcome (v. 克服；解决) → overcoming (n. 战胜) 15. freeze (v. 结冰；冻结) → frozen (adj. 冰封的；冻住的) 三、常考单词 1. remote /rɪˈməʊt/ adj. 偏远的；偏僻的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. remote areas 偏远地区 2. remote control 遥控 3. remote from reality 脱离现实 4. remote possibility 极小的可能性 5. remote past 久远的过去 ✍️ 应用文佳句 The local government has built new roads to connect remote villages with the outside world. 当地政府修建了新公路，将偏远村落与外界连通起来。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Standing on the mountain top, he stared at the remote twinkling lights in the valley, lost in deep thought. 站在山顶，他凝望着山谷远处闪烁的灯火，陷入了深深的沉思。 2. demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/ n./v. 需求；强烈要求 背重点 背写作佳句 1. meet/satisfy the demand 满足需求 2. in great demand 需求量很大 3. demand for ……的需求 4. demand an explanation 要求给出解释 5. on demand 一经要求 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Nowadays, there is a growing demand for online English learning among senior high students. 如今，高中生对于线上英语学习的需求正不断增长。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 The trapped villagers demanded immediate rescue, and every rescuer spared no effort to help them out. 被困村民急需立刻救援，每一位救援人员都拼尽全力将他们救出险境。 3. curriculum /kəˈrɪkjələm/ n. 全部课程 背重点 背写作佳句 1. school curriculum 学校课程 2. improve the curriculum 优化课程体系 3. basic curriculum 基础课程 4. add to the curriculum 增设课程 5. official curriculum 官方规定课程 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Our school has added more art courses to our curriculum to enrich students' after-school life. 我校在课程体系中增设了更多艺术课程，来丰富学生的课余生活。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 After discussing with teachers, the students put forward creative advice to perfect the school curriculum. 和老师们商议过后，学生们提出了完善学校课程的创新性建议。 4. enormous /ɪˈnɔːməs/ adj. 巨大的；庞大的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. enormous pressure 巨大的压力 2. enormous amount of 大量的 3. enormous potential 巨大的潜力 4. enormous difficulty 极大的困难 5. enormous success 巨大的成功 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Protecting the ancient cultural relics faces enormous challenges at present. 目前，保护古老文物面临着巨大的挑战。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 To everyone’s surprise, the little girl had an enormous courage to fight against the heavy storm alone. 令所有人惊讶的是，这个小女孩有着独自对抗狂风暴雨的莫大勇气。 5. grasp /ɡrɑːsp/ v./n. 抓紧；理解；领会 背重点 背写作佳句 1. grasp the chance/opportunity 抓住机遇 2. grasp the main idea 领会主旨 3. have a good grasp of 精通；很好地掌握 4. grasp firmly 紧紧抓住 5. beyond one’s grasp 超出某人的理解 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Only by listening carefully in class can we fully grasp the key knowledge of each lesson. 只有课堂认真听讲，我们才能完全掌握每一课的核心知识点。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 She grasped her mother’s hand tightly, refusing to let go even when she felt extremely scared. 她紧紧攥住妈妈的手，即便满心恐惧，也绝不肯松开。 6. relevant /ˈreləvənt/ adj. 紧密相关的；切题的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. be relevant to 与……相关 2. relevant information 相关信息 3. relevant to the topic 贴合主题 4. highly relevant 高度相关 5. relevant experience 相关经验 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Please provide all relevant documents before the application deadline. 请在申请截止日期前提交全部相关材料。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 All the clues he found were closely relevant to the secret that had been hidden for decades. 他找到的所有线索，都和这个埋藏了数十年的秘密紧密相关。 7. overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/ v. 克服；解决 背重点 背写作佳句 1. overcome difficulties/hardships 克服困难 2. overcome fear 战胜恐惧 3. overcome shortcomings 改正缺点 4. overcome challenges 应对挑战 5. overcome loneliness 排解孤独 ✍️ 应用文佳句 With teammates’ encouragement, I finally overcame my fear of speaking in public. 在队友的鼓励下，我终于克服了当众发言的胆怯。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Though he met countless failures, he never gave up and managed to overcome every barrier ahead. 纵然历经无数次失败，他从未放弃，成功跨越了前路的每一道阻碍。 8. atmosphere /ˈætməsfɪə(r)/ n. 气氛；氛围；大气 背重点 背写作佳句 1. friendly atmosphere 友好的氛围 2. warm atmosphere 温馨的气氛 3. create an atmosphere 营造氛围 4. relaxing atmosphere 轻松的氛围 5. the earth’s atmosphere 地球大气层 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Our class held a party, creating a pleasant and relaxing learning atmosphere. 我们班级举办了一场派对，营造了愉悦又轻松的学习氛围。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 The soft candlelight filled the yard, building a peaceful and warm atmosphere all night long. 柔和的烛光铺满小院，整夜都萦绕着安宁温暖的氛围。 9. horizon /həˈraɪzn/ n. 地平线；眼界 背重点 背写作佳句 1. on the horizon 即将来临；在地平线上 2. broaden/widen one’s horizons 开阔眼界 3. distant horizon 遥远的地平线 4. beyond the horizon 地平线之外 5. expand one’s horizons 拓宽视野 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Travelling abroad is a wonderful way to broaden our horizons and enrich our experience. 出国旅行是开阔眼界、丰富人生阅历的绝佳方式。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 As the sun slowly rose above the horizon, the whole world was dyed with soft golden light. 当太阳缓缓升上地平线，整个世界都被染上了温柔的金光。 10. conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ n. 冲突；争执 /kənˈflɪkt/ v. 冲突 背重点 背写作佳句 1. avoid conflict 避免冲突 2. resolve a conflict 化解矛盾 3. conflict with 与……相冲突 4. cultural conflict 文化冲突 5. sharp conflict 激烈争执 ✍️ 应用文佳句 We should learn to communicate properly to deal with interpersonal conflict wisely. 我们要学会恰当沟通，理智处理人际间的矛盾冲突。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Inner conflict troubled him for a long time, before he finally made up his mind to follow his heart. 内心的挣扎困扰了他许久，最终他下定决心遵从本心做出选择。 四．单元短语 1. a handful of 一把；少量 2. impose...on 使他人接受（观点、想法等） 3. search for 搜寻；查找 4. across the globe 全球各地；全世界 5. improve the school curriculum 优化课程 6. walrus-ivory carving 海象牙雕 7. grasp the meaning 领会含义 8. overcome difficulties 克服困难 9. remote areas 偏远地区 10. relevant to 与……紧密相关 五．单元佳句 句式1：形容词+介词短语作后置定语 1. 原句：The village remote from big cities still keeps its ancient tradition. 2. 翻译：这个远离大城市的村庄依然保留着古老的传统。 句式2：It is + adj. + to do sth. 形式主语 1. 原句：It is difficult to grasp the fluency of a foreign language in a short time. 2. 翻译：想要在短时间内掌握一门外语的流畅表达是很难的。 句式3：现在分词作伴随状语 1. 原句：They went hunting in the forest, overcoming all the harsh weather conditions. 2. 翻译：他们在森林里打猎，克服了所有恶劣的天气状况。 句式4：sth. relevant to... 与……相关的事物 1. 原句：We only focus on the information relevant to our school curriculum. 2. 翻译：我们只关注和学校课程相关的信息。 句式5：tend to + 动词原形 往往会…… 1. 原句：People living on the shoreline tend to love the quiet ocean view. 2. 翻译：住在海岸线边的人们往往喜爱宁静的海景。 六．单元语法 The future in different forms（表达将来时的多种形式） 1. will + 动词原形 用法：临时决定、客观将来、预测、承诺、主动提出帮忙 例句：I will join the new school club tomorrow. 特征：无事先计划，当下临时做出的决定 2. be going to + 动词原形 用法：已经打算好的计划；有明显迹象、即将发生的事 例句：We are going to improve the school curriculum. 例句：Look at the clouds! It's going to rain. 3. 现在进行时（be doing） 用法：已经安排、敲定好的近期将来（多为交通、活动类计划） 例句：Our club is starting next Monday. 4. 一般现在时（do/does） 用法：时刻表、日历、既定不变的安排（火车、课程、节日） 例句：The new term begins in September. 5. be about to + 动词原形 用法：立刻、马上就要发生（极近的将来），不能加具体时间状语 例句：The meeting is about to start. 6. be to + 动词原形 用法：正式安排、官方指令、注定会发生的事 例句：We are to finish the project this week. ✅ 易错区分：• 临时选will，早计划选be going to• 已敲定的近期行程用现在进行时 七．单元写作 Writing a description of a place（地点描写文） 🎯 写作核心目标 向读者生动、有条理地介绍一个地方（城市、景点、家乡、特色地域），传递它的风貌、人文与个人感受。 1. 文章通用三段式高分结构 1. 开头段（总起）：点明描写对象，总体概括地位、最突出的整体印象 模板句：I’d like to introduce ______, a wonderful place located in ______. It is well-known for its unique scenery and special culture. 2. 主体段（分述）：分层展开描写 ◦ 地理位置与环境：remote/shoreline/frozen 等环境特点 ◦ 人文与特色：当地curriculum、生活方式、特色景观 ◦ 个人体验与细节：在这里的所见、所闻、所做 3. 结尾段（升华+总结）：表达喜爱、推荐来访、抒发情感 2. 本单元专属加分词块&句型 • 形容词：enormous 巨大的、harsh 艰苦的、isolated 偏僻的、relevant 相关的 • 名词：shoreline 海岸线、resident 居民、fluency 流畅 • 高级句型： ◦ Located in..., this place enjoys a long history and amazing natural views. ◦ What impresses me most about this place is its warm local people. ◦ It is such a special place that I will always remember it. 3. 写作高分技巧 • 描写顺序：从整体→局部，从外在景色→内在人文 • 多用感官描写（see/hear/smell/feel），让文字更有画面感 • 避免全程罗列景点，一定要加入个人主观感受 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1. The b______ is the scientific study of living things. 2. The town is located in a r______ area, far away from cities. 3. We need to o______ many difficulties to achieve our goals. 4. The c______ of this school focuses on all-round student development. 5. The company increased production to meet growing public d______. 6. The ______ (气氛) in the room became warm and friendly after the talk. 7. We were shocked by the ______ (巨大的) size of the ancient building. 8. She speaks English with great ______ (流畅；流利). 9. Many ______ (偏远的) villages still have no good Internet service. 10. The local ______ (居民) are all kind to visitors. 【答案】 1. biology 句意：生物学是研究生物的科学。biology 意为“生物学”，学科名词，不可数。 2. remote 句意：这座小镇坐落在偏远地区，远离城市。remote adj. 偏远的、偏僻的，符合语境。 3. overcome 句意：我们需要克服很多困难来实现目标。overcome v. 克服、解决，need to 后接动词原形。 4. curriculum 句意：这所学校的课程注重学生的全面发展。curriculum n.（学校的）全部课程。 5. demand 句意：公司增产来满足日益增长的公众需求。demand n. 所需之物、需求，为固定搭配 meet demand。 6. atmosphere 句意：谈话过后，房间里的气氛变得温暖友好。atmosphere n. 气氛、氛围。 7. enormous 句意：我们都震惊于这座古建筑庞大的规模。enormous adj. 巨大的、庞大的。 8. fluency 句意：她英语说得非常流利。fluency n. 熟练、流畅，形容词 great 后接名词。 9. isolated 句意：很多偏远村庄依旧没有良好的网络。isolated adj. 偏远的、孤立的，课标拓展词。 10. residents 句意：当地居民对游客都很友善。resident 居民，此处用复数表一类人。 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. He managed ______ (grasp) the main idea of this long article quickly. 2. The frozen ground made it ______ (possible) for cars to pass through. 3. She felt ______ (inevitable) nervous before the final exam. 4. The new policy is closely ______ (relate) to our daily life. 5. The hunter spent the whole day ______ (hunt) in the forest. 6. It is ______ (harshly) to live in such cold and dry places. 7. The girl sat there silently, with her eyes ______ (fix) on the sea shoreline. 8. The teacher asked us ______ (sew) simple patterns by hand. 9. This rule is ______ (rigidly) carried out in our school. 10. Many people choose ______ (overcome) their fear and try new things. 【答案】 1. to grasp 解析：固定搭配 manage to do sth. 意为“设法成功做成某事”，因此用不定式 to grasp。 2. impossible 解析：句意：冰封的地面让汽车无法通行。possible 的反义词 impossible（不可能的）符合语境。 3. inevitably 解析：此处需要副词修饰形容词 nervous，inevitable 的副词形式 inevitably（不可避免地）。 4. related 解析：固定短语 be related to… 意为“与……紧密相关”，固定搭配。 5. hunting 解析：固定用法 spend time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事，因此 hunt 变为 hunting。 6. harsh 解析：系动词 is 后接形容词作表语，harshly 是副词，形容词形式 harsh（恶劣的、艰苦的）。 7. fixed 解析：非谓语动词，eyes 和 fix 是被动关系，with + 宾语 + 过去分词 表被动状态。 8. to sew 解析：固定结构 ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事，因此填 to sew。 9. rigidly 解析：此处需要副词修饰动词短语 carried out，rigid 的副词 rigidly（死板地、严格地）。 10. to overcome 解析：固定搭配 choose to do sth. 选择做某事，不定式作宾语。 三、完成句子。 1. 孩子们一把抓起了桌上的糖果。 The children took all the candies on the table ______ ______ ______ . 2. 我们不能把身边人的付出视为理所当然。 We should never ______ people around us ______ ______ ______ . 3. 这座小村庄靠捕鱼为生。 This small village ______ ______ fishing for a living. 4. 恶劣的天气导致了本次航班延误。 The bad weather ______ ______ the flight delay. 5. 他终于克服了自己的胆怯。 ______ ______ , he has overcome his shyness. 6. 这条海岸线绵延数千公里。 This ______ stretches for thousands of kilometers. 7. 请不要随意丢弃废弃物品。 Please don’t ______ ______ waste things carelessly. 8. 这项决定关乎所有学生的切身利益。 This decision ______ closely ______ ______ all students’ interests. 9. 这片荒野几乎无人居住。 This large ______ is almost uninhabited. 10. 他们偶然发现了一个隐蔽的山洞。 They found a hidden ______ by accident. 【答案】 1. a handful of 解析：固定短语 a handful of 一把、少量，贴合原句含义。 2. take; for granted 解析：核心短语 take…for granted 因习以为常而不予重视、视……为理所当然。 3. relies on 解析：rely on 依赖、依靠，主语 village 为单数，谓语用第三人称单数 relies on。 4. led to / resulted in 解析：lead to / result in 导致、造成，事情已经发生，用一般过去时。 5. Ultimately 解析：ultimately 副词，意为“最终、终归”，放在句首修饰整个句子。 6. shoreline 解析：shoreline 名词，海岸线、滨线，符合语境。 7. get rid of 解析：固定短语 get rid of 扔掉、摆脱、除去。 8. is; relevant to 解析：be relevant to 与……密切相关、切题，固定搭配。 9. wilderness 解析：wilderness 荒野、荒无人烟的地区。 10. cave 解析：cave 山洞、洞穴，贴合中文释义。 Unit 2 Things that matter 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. sentimental adj. 情感的；非理性的 2. mirror n. 镜子；v. 映照 3. jazz n. 爵士乐 4. reluctant adj. 不情愿的；勉强的 5. primitive adj. 原始的；远古的 6. permanent adj. 永久的；永恒的；长久的 7. possession n. 个人财产；具有；拥有 8. annoyed adj. 恼怒的；生气的；烦恼的 9. friction n. 争执；分歧；不合 10. temporary adj. 短暂的；暂时的 11. resist v. 抵制；阻挡 12. currency n. 通用；流行；通货；货币 13. tendency n. 倾向；偏好 14. abnormal adj. 反常的；变态的；畸形的 15. hazardous adj. 危险的；有害的 16. licence n. 许可证；执照 17. diamond n. 金刚石；钻石 18. astonish v. 使十分惊讶；使大为惊奇 19. exhibition n. 展览；展出 20. precious adj. 珍奇的；珍稀的 二、单词拓展 1. sentiment (n. 情感；情绪) → sentimental (adj. 情感的；非理性的) 2. mirror (n. 镜子) → mirror (v. 反射；映照) 3. reluctant (adj. 不情愿的) → reluctance (n. 不情愿；勉强) → reluctantly (adv. 不情愿地) 4. permanent (adj. 永久的) → permanently (adv. 永久地；长久地) → permanence (n. 永恒) 5. possess (v. 拥有；具有) → possession (n. 个人财产；拥有) 6. annoy (v. 使恼怒；惹恼) → annoyed (adj. 恼怒的；生气的) → annoyance (n. 恼怒；烦恼) 7. temporary (adj. 短暂的；临时的) → temporarily (adv. 暂时地；临时地) 8. resist (v. 抵制；阻挡) → resistance (n. 抵制；抵抗力) → resistant (adj. 抵抗的) 9. hazardous (adj. 危险的；有害的) → hazard (n./v. 危险；冒风险) 10. astonish (v. 使十分惊讶) → astonished (adj. 惊讶的) → astonishing (adj. 惊人的) → astonishment (n. 惊讶) 11. mask (n. 面具；面罩) → mask (v. 掩饰；遮盖) 12. submit (v. 提交；呈递) → submission (n. 提交；屈服) 13. exhibit (v. 展出；展示) → exhibition (n. 展览；展出) 14. apply (v. 申请；应用) → applicant (n. 申请人) → application (n. 申请；应用) 15. precious (adj. 珍奇的；珍稀的) → preciousness (n. 珍贵；宝贵) 三、常考单词 1. permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ adj. 永久的；永恒的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. permanent change 永久性改变 2. permanent job 固定工作 3. permanent memory 永恒的记忆 4. permanent damage 永久损伤 5. permanent residence 永久居住 ✍️ 应用文佳句 The environmental damage caused by pollution will leave permanent harm to our planet. 污染带来的环境破坏，会给我们的星球留下永久的伤害。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 That warm and unforgettable day became a permanent treasure buried deep in his heart forever. 那段温暖难忘的时光，成了他心底永远珍藏的宝贵回忆。 2. reluctant /rɪˈlʌktənt/ adj. 不情愿的；勉强的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. be reluctant to do sth 不情愿做某事 2. reluctant agreement 勉强同意 3. reluctant to admit 不愿承认 4. reluctant to leave 舍不得离开 5. reluctant helper 不情愿帮忙的人 ✍️ 应用文佳句 At first, he was reluctant to join our rubbish classification promotion activity. 一开始，他并不情愿加入我们的垃圾分类推广活动。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 She stood at the school gate, reluctant to say goodbye to her dearest teacher and classmates. 她站在校门口，满心不舍，不愿和最敬爱的老师、同窗道别。 3. annoy /əˈnɔɪ/ v. 使恼怒；使烦恼 背重点 背写作佳句 1. be annoyed with sb 生某人的气 2. be annoyed at/about sth 为某事气恼 3. annoy sb greatly 使某人大为恼火 4. feel annoyed 感到烦闷 5. annoy endlessly 反复打扰 ✍️ 应用文佳句 I was really annoyed when someone interrupted me while I was preparing for the speech. 我准备演讲稿的时候被人打断，心里十分烦闷。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Though he felt annoyed by the misunderstanding, he calmed himself down and explained patiently. 纵然因这场误会满心恼火，他还是冷静下来，耐心地做出了解释。 4. temporary /ˈtemprəri/ adj. 短暂的；临时的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. temporary difficulty 暂时的困难 2. temporary job 临时工作 3. temporary shelter 临时避难所 4. temporary pain 短暂的痛苦 5. temporary solution 临时解决方案 ✍️ 应用文佳句 We set up a temporary exhibition hall to show our handmade artworks. 我们搭建了临时展厅，用来展出大家的手工作品。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 All the sadness at that moment was only temporary, and bright hope was waiting ahead. 彼时所有的难过都只是暂时的，光明的希望正在前路等候。 5. resist /rɪˈzɪst/ v. 抵制；阻挡；忍住 背重点 背写作佳句 1. resist doing sth 忍住不做某事 2. resist temptation 抵制诱惑 3. resist change 抗拒改变 4. cannot resist doing 忍不住做某事 5. resist attack 抵御攻击 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Teenagers should learn to resist bad online information and protect themselves. 青少年要学会抵制不良网络信息，做好自我保护。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 She could hardly resist the warm invitation, and decided to join the kids in their happy game. 她实在难以拒绝这份热情的邀约，决定加入孩子们欢乐的游戏之中。 6. criterion /kraɪˈtɪəriən/ n. 标准；准则 背重点 背写作佳句 1. selection criterion 选拔标准 2. evaluation criterion 评价准则 3. strict criterion 严格标准 4. main criterion 核心标准 5. meet the criterion 符合标准 ✍️ 应用文佳句 This is the important criterion we will use to judge students’ performance. 这就是我们评判学生表现的重要参考标准。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 For him, honesty rather than success alone is the only criterion to judge a person. 对他而言，评判一个人的唯一准则是真诚，而非单纯的成功。 7. submit /səbˈmɪt/ v. 提交；呈递 背重点 背写作佳句 1. submit an application 提交申请 2. submit a report 上交报告 3. submit homework 上交作业 4. submit to authority 服从权威 5. submit before deadline 截止前提交 ✍️ 应用文佳句 All participants need to submit their writing works before this Friday afternoon. 所有参赛者需在本周五下午前提交自己的参赛作文。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 After polishing his story again and again, he finally submitted it to the storytelling competition. 反复打磨自己的故事之后，他终于将作品提交给了故事写作大赛。 8. precious /ˈpreʃəs/ adj. 珍奇的；珍贵的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. precious time 宝贵的时间 2. precious memory 珍贵的回忆 3. precious gift 珍贵的礼物 4. precious resource 珍稀资源 5. precious moment 珍贵的瞬间 ✍️ 应用文佳句 We should value every minute and make good use of our precious high school time. 我们应当珍惜每一分每一秒，好好利用宝贵的高中时光。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 The old photo was her most precious treasure, which kept all the warm memories of her family. 这张老照片是她最珍贵的珍藏，留存着全家人所有温暖的过往。 9. debate /dɪˈbeɪt/ v./n. 正式讨论；辩论 背重点 背写作佳句 1. hold a debate 举办辩论赛 2. heated debate 激烈辩论 3. debate about/on 就……展开辩论 4. public debate 公众讨论 5. debate with sb 与某人争辩 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Our class will hold a heated debate about whether rubbish classification should be promoted widely. 我们班级将就垃圾分类是否应当大范围推广，举办一场激烈辩论赛。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 They debated for a whole night, trying to find the best way to solve the difficult problem. 他们争论了整整一夜，只为找到解决这个难题的最佳办法。 10. justify /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ v. 证明……正确；有理 背重点 背写作佳句 1. justify one’s action 为某人的行为辩解 2. fully justify 充分证明合理 3. hardly justify 难以自圆其说 4. justify the effort 证明付出值得 5. justify the decision 证明决定妥当 ✍️ 应用文佳句 No difficulty can justify giving up our dreams easily. 任何困难都不能成为轻易放弃梦想的理由。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Years of persistent hard work finally justified all his early insistence and endless efforts. 多年坚持不懈的努力，最终印证了他当初的坚守与所有付出都无比值得。 四．单元短语 1. take...for granted 对……习以为常 2. stacks of 大量；一大堆 3. at random 随意地；随机地 4. opt out 决定退出 5. get rid of 扔掉；摆脱；除去 6. dispose of 清除；销毁；处理掉 7. a bunch of 大量；大批 8. rubbish classification 垃圾分类 9. a feeling of responsibility 责任感 10. submit an application 提交申请 五．单元佳句 句式1：主语从句（That/What引导） 1. 原句：What we do with daily rubbish really makes a difference to our planet. 2. 翻译：我们处理日常垃圾的方式，真的会对我们的地球产生影响。 句式2：be reluctant to do sth. 不情愿做某事 1. 原句：Many people are reluctant to change their old living habits. 2. 翻译：很多人都不愿意改变自己旧的生活习惯。 句式3：There is a conflict between A and B A与B之间存在冲突 1. 原句：There is often a conflict between personal desire and public rules. 2. 翻译：个人诉求和公共规则之间常常存在冲突。 句式4：It is one’s responsibility to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任 1. 原句：It is everyone’s responsibility to promote rubbish classification. 2. 翻译：推行垃圾分类是每个人的责任。 句式5：prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 1. 原句：The dangerous environment prevented them from holding the museum exhibit. 2. 翻译：危险的环境阻碍了他们举办博物馆展览。 六．单元语法 The subject clause（主语从句） 1. 定义：一个句子充当整个主句的主语，就叫主语从句 2. 引导词分类 that 无实际含义，只起连接作用，从句不缺成分 That we protect rubbish classification is very important. whether/if 表“是否”，位于句首只能用whether Whether the museum will open is unknown. 连接代词what/who/which/whose 在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语 What we need is better waste sorting rules. 连接副词when/where/why/how 在从句中作状语，表时间/地点/原因/方式 How we display exhibits matters a lot. 3. 两大核心句型结构 1. 从句前置：引导词+从句 + 谓语+其他 What you did is meaningful. 2. it作形式主语（最常用，避免头重脚轻）：It + be + adj/n + 真实主语从句 It is true that rubbish recycling helps our planet. 4. 必记规则 主语从句一律陈述语序（不能用疑问倒装） ❌ What is life? → ✅ What life is that引导主语从句放句首，that绝对不能省略 谓语动词永远用单数形式 七．单元写作 Writing a story for a storytelling competition（参赛叙事故事） 🎯 写作核心目标 写一篇情节完整、有细节、有情感、主题积极的短篇记叙文，适合故事比赛展示。 1. 经典记叙文五段式结构（高分拿分框架） 1. 开端（Beginning）：交代时间、地点、人物、故事背景 2. 发展（Development）：事情起因、经过，一步步推进情节 3. 高潮（Climax）：故事最紧张、最关键的冲突/转折点 4. 结局（Ending）：冲突解决，事情最终结果 5. 感悟（Moral/Feeling）：从故事里学到的道理、人生启示 2. 本单元专属加分词块&句型 • 核心词汇：annoyed 恼怒的、friction 分歧、temporary 短暂的、guilty 愧疚的、precious 珍贵的、critical 关键的 • 短语：take ... for granted 习以为常、get rid of 摆脱、a bunch of 大量 • 高级过渡&情节句型： ◦ One day, something unexpected happened to me. ◦ At that moment, I realized that... ◦ This experience taught me that rubbish classification/protecting our daily things is really important. 3. 写作高分技巧 • 多用过去时态（一般过去时为主），时态全程统一 • 加入人物动作、心理、对话描写，故事更生动 • 主题贴合单元“环保、垃圾分类、生活里珍贵的事物”，立意更贴合教材 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1. She has a deeply s______ attitude towards old memories. 2. You’d better set a d______ for your task to avoid delay. 3. The shop will refuse drunk and a______ young teenagers. 4. This company will increase its annual ______ (预算) next year. 5. We all admire his ______ (永久的) contribution to this field. 6. It is rude to hold ______ (偏见) against different groups. 7. The museum will open a new ______ (展览) next month. 8. He felt g______ for lying to his parents. 9. The ______ (金融的) crisis influenced the whole world. 10. We need to solve this ______ (冲突) through communication. 【答案】 1. sentimental 句意：她对旧日的回忆有着很深的情感执念。sentimental adj. 情感的、非理性的。 2. deadline 句意：你最好给任务设定截止日期，避免拖延。deadline n. 最后期限、截止日期。 3. annoyed 句意：店铺会拒绝醉酒、恼怒的青少年入内。annoyed adj. 恼怒的、生气的。 4. budget 句意：这家公司明年将会增加年度预算。budget n. 预算。 5. permanent 句意：我们都敬佩他对这个领域永久的贡献。permanent adj. 永久的、永恒的。 6. tendency（也可填friction） 此处填 tendency 表倾向，friction 表分歧、隔阂。 7. exhibition 句意：博物馆下个月将会开启新展览。exhibition n. 展览、展出。 8. guilty 句意：他因为对父母撒谎而感到愧疚。guilty adj. 内疚的、惭愧的。 9. currency（补充：financial 也符合，课标词currency表货币，此处贴合经济语境） 10. conflict 句意：我们需要通过沟通来解决这场冲突。conflict n. 冲突、争执。 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. He was ______ (reluctance) to talk about his past experience. 2. The girl looked at the broken vase ______ (sad). 3. We all choose ______ (resist) bad habits in daily life. 4. The movie was so amazing that it made all of us ______ (astonish). 5. This new dress is ______ (preciousness) to her. 6. ______ (politics) leaders will attend the international meeting. 7. The thief admitted ______ (steal) the expensive diamond ring. 8. She refused ______ (submit) to the unfair rules. 9. The accident ______ (defeat) his confidence completely last year. 10. The teacher asked us ______ (justify) our opinions clearly. 【答案】 1. reluctant 解析：固定搭配 be reluctant to do sth. 不情愿做某事，名词 reluctance 变为形容词 reluctant。 2. sadly 解析：副词修饰动词 looked，sad 的副词形式 sadly。 3. to resist 解析：choose to do sth. 选择做某事，不定式作宾语。 4. astonished 解析：make sb. + adj. 使某人处于某种状态，astonished 形容人感到惊讶的。 5. precious 解析：系动词 is 后接形容词作表语，preciousness 名词→形容词 precious（珍贵的）。 6. Political 解析：形容词修饰名词 leaders，politics→political（政治的），句首首字母大写。 7. stealing / having stolen 解析：固定搭配 admit doing sth. 承认做过某事。 8. to submit 解析：refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事，固定用法。 9. defeated 解析：时间状语 last year 表示过去，谓语动词用过去式 defeated。 10. to justify 解析：ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事，填不定式 to justify。 三、完成句子。 1. 大家随机抽取了本次活动的奖品。 All people picked the activity prizes ______ ______ . 2. 他决定退出本次比赛的选拔。 He decided to ______ ______ of this competition selection. 3. 我们应该摆脱生活里的负面情绪。 We should ______ ______ ______ negative feelings in life. 4. 不要把他人的善意视作理所当然。 Never ______ others’ kindness ______ ______ ______ . 5. 大批游客涌入了这座历史古城。 ______ ______ ______ tourists flooded into this ancient historical city. 6. 他为自己的观点找到了合理的理由支撑。 He managed to ______ ______ his own opinion. 7. 这座美术馆正在展出珍贵的艺术品。 The ______ is displaying precious works of art now. 8. 恶劣的工作环境引发了员工之间的分歧。 Bad working environment caused ______ among workers. 9. 这家餐厅只接受提前订阅的顾客。 This restaurant only serves customers who have ______ in advance. 10. 她向报社提交了自己的设计方案。 She ______ her design plan to the newspaper office. 【答案】 1. at random 解析：固定短语 at random 随意地、随机地。 2. opt out 解析：opt out 决定退出、选择不参与。 3. get rid of 解析：get rid of 除去、摆脱。 4. take; for granted 解析：take…for granted 视……理所当然。 5. A bunch of / Stacks of 解析：a bunch of / stacks of 大量、大批。 6. justify 解析：justify v. 证明……正当、有理。 7. gallery 解析：gallery n. 美术馆、画廊。 8. friction 解析：friction n. 分歧、不合、争执。 9. subscribed 解析：subscribe v. 订阅、预订，have + 过去分词构成现在完成时。 10. submitted 解析：submit v. 提交、呈递，事情已发生，用过去式。 Unit 3 Mind and body 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. session n. 一场；一节；一段时间 2. routine n. 常规；正常顺序 3. shift v. 转移；挪动；n. 改变；转换 4. root v. 起源于某事物；n. 根；根茎 5. philosophy n. 哲学；哲学体系； 6. symbol n. 符号；代号；记号；象征 7. crisis n. 危难时刻；病危期 8. embarrassed adj. 窘迫的；尴尬的 9. motivation n. 动机；动力 10. attain v. 获得；得到 11. tackle v. 应付，处理，解决 12. significance n. 意义；重要性 13. consequence n. 结果；后果 14. comfort n. 安慰；慰藉；宽慰；v. 安慰 15. confuse v. 使更难以理解；使迷惑 16. novelist n. 小说家 17. upset adj. 不快的；心烦的；不适的 18. shadow n. 阴影；影子 19. profession n. 行业；职业 20. undergo v. 经历；经受 二、单词拓展 1. routine (n. 常规；正常顺序) → routine (adj. 常规的；例行的) 2. shift (v./n. 转移；改变) → shifting (adj. 不断变化的) 3. philosophy (n. 哲学；人生信条) → philosophical (adj. 哲学的；豁达的) 4. symbol (n. 符号；象征) → symbolize (v. 象征；代表) → symbolic (adj. 象征性的) 5. crisis (n. 危难时刻) → crises (pl. 复数) → critical (adj. 关键的；危急的) 6. embarrass (v. 使尴尬) → embarrassed (adj. 窘迫的；害羞的) → embarrassing (adj. 令人尴尬的) → embarrassment (n. 尴尬) 7. motivate (v. 激励；激发) → motivation (n. 动机；动力) → motivated (adj. 有积极性的) 8. signify (v. 意味着；表示) → significance (n. 意义；重要性) → significant (adj. 重要的；显著的) 9. real (adj. 真实的) → realistic (adj. 现实的) → unrealistic (adj. 不切实际的；不现实的) 10. consequence (n. 结果；后果) → consequent (adj. 随之而来的) → consequently (adv. 因此；结果) 11. comfort (n./v. 安慰；慰藉) → comfortable (adj. 舒适的) → uncomfortable (adj. 不安的；不舒服的) 12. confuse (v. 使迷惑；使难以理解) → confusion (n. 困惑；混乱) → confusing (adj. 令人困惑的) 13. profession (n. 行业；职业) → professional (adj. 专业的；职业的) 14. pure (adj. 清晰的；纯正的) → purely (adv. 纯粹地；仅仅) → purity (n. 纯净；纯洁) 15. moral (adj. 道德上的；道义上的) → morality (n. 道德；道德准则) 三、常考单词 1. routine /ruːˈtiːn/ n. 常规；正常顺序 adj. 日常的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. daily routine 日常生活；日常作息 2. regular routine 固定惯例 3. break the routine 打破常规 4. routine work 日常工作 5. follow a routine 遵循惯例 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Keeping a healthy daily routine is the key to staying energetic both in study and life. 保持健康的日常作息，是在学习和生活中保持精力充沛的关键。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 After living the same boring routine for years, he decided to make a big change to his life. 多年过着一成不变的枯燥日常后，他决心给自己的人生来一场彻底的改变。 2. crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ n. 危难时刻；危机期 背重点 背写作佳句 1. face a crisis 面临危机 2. economic crisis 经济危机 3. emotional crisis 情绪危机 4. overcome a crisis 渡过难关 5. in times of crisis 在危急时刻 ✍️ 应用文佳句 It is our personality and courage that truly matter when we are in a crisis. 身处困境之时，真正重要的是我们的品格与勇气。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 The unexpected crisis tested everyone, but they united together and got through it safely. 这场突如其来的危机考验着所有人，可众人团结一致，平安渡过了难关。 3. embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 窘迫的；尴尬的；害羞的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. feel embarrassed 感到尴尬 2. be embarrassed about 对……难为情 3. deeply embarrassed 无比窘迫 4. slightly embarrassed 略显尴尬 5. embarrassed smile 尴尬的微笑 ✍️ 应用文佳句 I felt so embarrassed when I made a mistake while giving my speech in front of the whole grade. 当着全年级同学演讲出错的时候，我感到无比窘迫。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Her face turned bright red, and she lowered her head, too embarrassed to say a single word. 她的脸颊涨得通红，低下头，窘迫得一句话也说不出来。 4. motivation /ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃn/ n. 动机；动力 背重点 背写作佳句 1. strong motivation 强烈的动力 2. learning motivation 学习动力 3. lack of motivation 缺乏干劲 4. provide motivation 给予激励 5. inner motivation 内在驱动力 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Positive encouragement from teachers and parents can give us lasting study motivation. 老师和家长的正向鼓励，能给予我们持久的学习动力。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 The warm support from his family became his forever motivation to keep moving forward bravely. 家人温暖的支持，成了他永远勇敢前行的不竭动力。 5. tackle /ˈtækl/ v. 应付；处理；解决难题 背重点 背写作佳句 1. tackle a problem 解决难题 2. tackle difficulties 应对困难 3. tackle the challenge 迎接挑战 4. tackle effectively 高效处理 5. tackle together 共同应对 ✍️ 应用文佳句 We need to work together to tackle teenagers’ worries about body image and self-esteem. 我们需要共同努力，解决青少年对于外貌与自尊的烦恼。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 No matter how hard the situation was, he chose to face it bravely and tackle it one step at a time. 无论处境多么艰难，他都选择勇敢直面，一步一步攻克难关。 6. significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/ n. 意义；重要性 背重点 背写作佳句 1. great significance 重大意义 2. historical significance 历史意义 3. realize the significance 意识到重要性 4. of little significance 无关紧要 5. cultural significance 文化价值 ✍️ 应用文佳句 It is of great significance for us to build a healthy attitude towards appearance. 树立健康的容貌观，对我们而言有着十分重大的意义。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Only after many years passed did he finally understand the true significance of that experience. 多年时光流逝过后，他才终于明白那段经历真正的意义所在。 7. comfort /ˈkʌmfət/ n. 安慰；慰藉 v. 安慰 背重点 背写作佳句 1. offer comfort 给予安慰 2. seek comfort 寻求慰藉 3. comfort sb gently 温柔安抚某人 4. a great comfort 莫大的安慰 5. live in comfort 安逸生活 ✍️ 应用文佳句 A sincere hug and warm words can comfort a person who feels upset and lose confidence. 一个真诚的拥抱、几句暖心的话语，就能安抚失落、失去信心的人。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Seeing her tears, he sat beside her and comforted her patiently until she calmed down slowly. 看见她落泪，他坐在身旁耐心安抚，直到她慢慢平复了情绪。 8. behave /bɪˈheɪv/ v. 表现；举止 背重点 背写作佳句 1. behave well 举止得体 2. behave properly 行为端正 3. behave oneself 守规矩；安分 4. behave naturally 表现自然 5. behave politely 举止礼貌 ✍️ 应用文佳句 We are required to behave well and respect others during all public activities. 在所有公共活动中，我们都要举止得体、尊重他人。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Though he was very angry inside, he still behaved calmly and dealt with the matter rationally. 纵然内心怒火翻涌，他依旧保持冷静，理智地处理了整件事。 9. moral /ˈmɒrəl/ adj. 道义上的；道德上的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. moral standard 道德标准 2. moral support 精神支持 3. moral education 品德教育 4. moral duty 道义责任 5. moral value 道德观 ✍️ 应用文佳句 High school students should build correct moral values and always stick to what is right. 高中生应当树立正确的道德观念，永远坚守正道。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 In that difficult moment, he chose to follow his moral heart and help the stranger in trouble. 在那个艰难的时刻，他选择遵从本心的道义，帮助了身陷困境的陌生人。 10. ambition /æmˈbɪʃn/ n. 野心；雄心；志向；抱负 背重点 背写作佳句 1. achieve one’s ambition 实现抱负 2. great ambition 远大志向 3. lifelong ambition 毕生追求 4. full of ambition 充满斗志 5. realize one’s ambition 达成理想 ✍️ 应用文佳句 We should set clear goals and hold firm ambition to fight for our bright future. 我们应当树立清晰目标，怀揣坚定志向，为光明的未来拼搏奋斗。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Young as he was, he had a burning ambition to become a person who could bring warmth to others. 纵然年纪尚轻，他内心有着炽热的理想，立志成为能给他人带去温暖的人。 四．单元短语 1. cope with （成功）对付；妥善处理难题 2. deprive ... of 剥夺；使丧失 3. in vain 徒劳；白费力气；无效果的 4. present one’s views 表达个人观点 5. seek for balance 追寻身心平衡 6. hold back feelings 克制情绪 7. boost confidence 增强自信心 8. decrease pressure 减轻压力 9. in a good mood 心情愉悦 10. perform one’s duty 履行职责 五．单元佳句 句式1：in order to 表目的状语 1. 原句：In order to search for balance in life, more people start to pay attention to their mind and body. 2. 翻译：为了寻找生活里的平衡，越来越多人开始关注身心健康。 句式2：feel embarrassed about 对……感到尴尬窘迫 1. 原句：Many teenagers feel embarrassed about their body image. 2. 翻译：很多青少年对自己的外形感到自卑尴尬。 句式3：play a key/significant role in 在……起到关键作用 1. 原句：Self-esteem plays a significant role in teenagers’ mental health. 2. 翻译：自尊对青少年的心理健康至关重要。 句式4：be unlikely to do sth. 不太可能做某事 1. 原句：If you stay positive, you are unlikely to suffer from stress. 2. 翻译：如果你保持积极心态，就不太容易被压力困扰。 句式5：It occurs to sb. that… 某人突然想到…… 1. 原句：It occurs to many that inner beauty matters far more than appearance. 2. 翻译：很多人突然意识到，内在美远比外表重要。 六．单元语法 The verb-ed form as predicative（动词-ed形式作表语） 1. 基本概念 过去分词（v-ed）放在系动词（be/feel/become/seem/look等）后面，充当表语，用来描述人的感受、事物的状态。 2. -ed vs -ing 分词终极区别（高频考点） v-ed 结尾：感到……的（用来形容人的主观感受） v-ing 结尾：令人……的（用来形容事物本身的性质、特点） He felt embarrassed about his body image.（他本人感到尴尬） The situation is very embarrassing.（这件事令人尴尬） 3. 常见高频-ed表语形容词 surprised 惊讶的、interested 感兴趣的、tired 疲惫的、disappointed 失望的、shocked 震惊的、worried 担忧的 4. 用法拓展 be concerned about 对……担忧 be satisfied with 对……满意 be confused about 对……困惑 七．单元写作 Writing a letter to a newspaper about teenagers’ concerns about body image （给报社的公开建议信） 🎯 写作核心目标 正式书信格式，就青少年身材焦虑、外貌焦虑、自尊问题发表观点、分析原因、给出合理建议。 1. 正式英文书信标准结构 1. 称呼：Dear Editor, 2. 开篇：自我介绍+点明写信目的：就青少年身材形象问题来信发表看法 3. 主体第一段：描述现状：现在很多青少年过分在意外貌、整形、身材，产生自卑、焦虑情绪 4. 主体第二段：分析危害：影响self-esteem自尊、心理健康、日常学习生活 5. 主体第三段：给出具体可行建议 6. 结尾段：总结期望+恳请报社呼吁关注 7. 落款：Yours sincerely, 姓名 2. 本单元专属加分词块&句型 • 核心词汇：embarrassed 窘迫的、motivation 动力、moral 道德的、patience 恒心、vivid 生动的、overcome 克服 • 短语：cope with 处理、deprive ... of 使丧失、in vain 白费力气 • 建议类高级句型： ◦ As far as I am concerned, teenagers should pay more attention to inner beauty. ◦ It is high time that we helped teenagers build confidence in themselves. ◦ Instead of caring too much about appearance, we should focus on personal growth. 3. 写作高分技巧 • 语气礼貌、客观理性，不要偏激 • 建议分点清晰，逻辑连接词（Firstly/Secondly/Finally）串联 • 紧扣单元主题：身心平衡、自我接纳、内在美大于外在美 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1. Many teenagers care too much about their body i______. 2. Regular daily r______ can help us keep healthy. 3. She felt e______ when she made a mistake in public. 4. We need strong m______ to stick to our goals. 5. This novel’s final c______ shocked all readers. 6. Many young people pay for ______ (外科的) beauty treatment. 7. Doing exercise can ______ (增强) your physical strength. 8. We should treat others with ______ (道德上的) kindness. 9. She showed great ______ (耐心) in teaching slow learners. 10. His lifelong ______ (志向) finally came true. 【答案】 1. image 句意：很多青少年过度在意自己的身材形象。body image 固定搭配 身材、外形。 2. routine 句意：规律的日常作息能帮我们保持健康。routine n. 常规、日常秩序。 3. embarrassed 句意：当众犯错时，她感到十分窘迫尴尬。embarrassed adj. 窘迫的、害羞的。 4. motivation 句意：我们需要强大的动力来坚守目标。motivation n. 动力、积极性。 5. consequence / crisis 句意：这本小说的结局/危机震撼了所有读者。 6. surgical 句意：很多年轻人花钱做医美外科手术。surgical adj. 外科的、手术的。 7. boost 句意：锻炼可以增强你的体力。boost v. 提高、增强。 8. moral 句意：我们应该以道德善意对待他人。moral adj. 道义上的、道德的。 9. patience 句意：她教导学得慢的学生时极具耐心。patience n. 毅力、耐心。 10. ambition 句意：他毕生的志向终于实现了。ambition n. 野心、志向、抱负。 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. We are learning how ______ (tackle) difficult social problems. 2. The warm drink helped him ______ (refresh) himself after work. 3. This story is full of ______ (vividly) descriptions of nature. 4. She refused ______ (reject) this sincere invitation. 5. The bad weather made him ______ (upset) all day long. 6. The writer spent ten years ______ (novelist) this famous book. 7. Everyone has experienced some ______ (unrealistic) wishes in life. 8. Taking exercise can ______ (ease) your daily pressure greatly. 9. The little boy was shy and ______ (confuse) in the new class. 10. He ______ (undergo) a hard period of growth when he was young. 【答案】 1. to tackle 解析：固定用法 how to do sth. 如何做某事。 2. (to) refresh 解析：help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事，to 可省略。 3. vivid 解析：形容词修饰名词 descriptions，vividly 副词→vivid 生动的。 4. to reject 解析：refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事。 5. upset 解析：make sb. + adj. 使某人处于……状态，upset 本身为形容词 不快的、心烦的。 6. novelizing / writing 解析：spend time doing sth. 花费时间做某事，此处 novel 动词化，创作小说。 7. unrealistic 解析：形容词修饰名词 wishes，unrealistic 不切实际的。 8. ease 解析：情态动词 can 后接动词原形 ease（减轻、缓解）。 9. confused 解析：形容人感到迷惑的，用 confused。 10. underwent 解析：时间状语 when he was young 表过去，undergo 过去式 underwent。 三、完成句子。 1. 我们学会了如何成功应对生活里的困难。 We have learned how to ______ ______ difficulties in life successfully. 2. 父母的离世让他失去了所有美好的童年回忆。 The death of his parents ______ him ______ all happy childhood memories. 3. 他努力了很久，但最终一切都是白费力气。 He tried very hard, but all his efforts were ______ ______ . 4. 持续的压力让他难以保持良好心态。 ______ stress made it hard for him to keep a good state. 5. 这部小说源于一个真实的历史事件。 This novel ______ ______ a real historical event. 6. 她在众人面前缓解了紧张情绪。 She managed to ______ herself in front of the crowd. 7. 这位医生成功处理了这场紧急危机。 The doctor dealt with the sudden ______ perfectly. 8. 不要让负面情绪混淆你的判断。 Don’t let negative feelings ______ your judgement. 9. 他来回踱步，等待最终结果公布。 He ______ back and forth, waiting for the final result. 10. 坚持锻炼能极大减轻身体疼痛。 Regular exercise can greatly ______ body pain. 【答案】 1. cope with 解析：cope with （成功）对付、处理。 2. deprived; of 解析：deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物，过去式 deprived。 3. in vain 解析：in vain 徒劳的、白费力气。 4. Unceasing 解析：unceasing adj. 持续不断的、连绵不绝的，修饰 stress。 5. roots in / arose from 解析：root in / arise from 起源于、发源于。 6. refresh 解析：refresh v. 使恢复精力、使放松。 7. crisis 解析：crisis n. 危机、危难时刻。 8. confuse 解析：confuse v. 使迷惑、使混乱。 9. paced 解析：pace v. 来回踱步，过去式 paced。 10. ease 解析：ease v. 减轻、缓和。 Unit 4 Words 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. estimate v. 估计；估价；估算 2. evolve v. 逐步发展；逐渐演变 3. alternative n. 可供选择的事物 4. superior adj. 上等的；较好的 5. elegant adj. 优美的；文雅的；简明的 6. extend v. 扩大……的范围;使伸长；扩大 7. universally adv. 全体地；一致地 8. combine v. 结合；组合 9. formation n. 组成；形成 10. innocent adj. 无辜的；清白的 11. fibre n. 纤维 12. microscope n. 显微镜 13. inspection n. 检查；查看 14. artificial adj. 人工的；人造的 15. classic adj. 最优秀的；第一流的 16. spectacular adj. 壮观的；令人惊叹的 17. tragic adj. 悲惨的；悲剧的 18. integrity n. 诚实；正直 19. peak n. 顶峰；高峰 20. complex adj. 复杂的；难懂的；费解的 二、单词拓展 1. evolve (v. 逐步发展；逐渐演变) → evolution (n. 进化；演变) 2. superior (adj. 上等的；较好的) → superiority (n. 优越性；优势) 3. elegance (n. 优雅；文雅) → elegant (adj. 优美的；文雅的) → elegantly (adv. 优雅地) 4. combine (v. 结合；组合) → combination (n. 结合；联合体) 5. form (v./n. 形成；构成) → formation (n. 组成；形成) 6. innocence (n. 无辜；清白) → innocent (adj. 无辜的；清白的) → innocently (adv. 天真地；无辜地) 7. inspect (v. 检查；查看) → inspection (n. 检查；查看) 8. subject (n. 主题；话题) → subjective (adj. 主观的；非客观的) 9. mystery (n. 神秘；奥秘) → mysterious (adj. 神秘的；奇怪的) 10. tempt (v. 劝诱；鼓动) → temptation (n. 诱惑；引诱) 11. tragedy (n. 悲剧；悲惨事) → tragic (adj. 悲惨的；悲剧的) 12. vulnerable (adj. 脆弱的；易受伤害的) → vulnerability (n. 脆弱性；易受攻击性) 13. integrate (v. 整合；完整) → integrity (n. 诚实；正直) 14. delight (n./v. 乐事；使高兴) → delightful (adj. 令人愉快的) 15. portray (v. 描绘；描述) → portrayal (n. 描绘；描述) 三、常考单词 1. estimate /ˈestɪmeɪt/ v. 估计；估价；估算 背重点 背写作佳句 1. estimate roughly 粗略估算 2. estimate the cost 预估成本 3. estimate accurately 精准估计 4. it is estimated that 据估算 5. estimate the time 预估时间 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Experts estimate that the number of public library visitors will rise sharply in the next 3 years. 专家预估，未来三年公共图书馆的到访人数将会大幅增长。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 It was hard to estimate how far they had walked, but they kept moving forward without stopping. 很难估算他们已经走了多远的路程，但他们从未停下脚步，一直向前。 2. alternative /ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv/ adj. 可供选择的 n. 选择 背重点 背写作佳句 1. alternative choice 备选选择 2. have no alternative but to 别无选择只能 3. alternative plan 替代方案 4. alternative way 另一种方式 5. available alternative 可行选项 ✍️ 应用文佳句 If the first plan fails, we still have another effective alternative to carry out our survey. 如果第一套方案失败，我们还有另一套可行方案来开展我们的调研活动。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Trapped in the heavy rain, they had no alternative but to take shelter in an old small house. 被困在大雨之中，他们别无选择，只能躲进一间老旧的小屋里避雨。 3. superior /suːˈpɪəriə(r)/ adj. 上等的；较好的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. be superior to 比……更优秀；胜过 2. superior quality 上乘品质 3. superior ability 出众的能力 4. superior service 优质服务 5. superior performance 优异表现 ✍️ 应用文佳句 This new public library provides superior service and convenient reading environment for citizens. 这座新建的公共图书馆，为市民提供优质的服务与便利的阅读环境。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 His patience and kindness made him superior to anyone else in everyone’s heart. 他的耐心与善良，让他在所有人心中都远比旁人更加可贵。 4. elegant /ˈelɪɡənt/ adj. 优美的；文雅的；简洁的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. elegant behaviour 优雅的举止 2. elegant design 精美的设计 3. elegant handwriting 工整优美的字迹 4. elegant dress 雅致的服饰 5. simple and elegant 简洁雅致 ✍️ 应用文佳句 The fiction book I reviewed uses elegant and simple language to tell a touching story. 我书评里的这本小说，用简洁雅致的语言讲述了一个动人的故事。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 She walked into the hall with an elegant smile, catching everyone’s attention at once. 她带着优雅的微笑走进大厅，瞬间吸引了所有人的目光。 5. combine /kəmˈbaɪn/ v. 结合；组合 背重点 背写作佳句 1. combine A with B 将A与B相结合 2. combine work and rest 劳逸结合 3. combine together 融合在一起 4. combine efforts 齐心协力 5. combine perfectly 完美融合 ✍️ 应用文佳句 We should combine reading practice with writing practice to improve our English ability quickly. 我们应当将阅读与写作练习相结合，快速提升英语综合能力。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 The writer successfully combined imagination with real life experience in this famous novel. 这位作家在这本经典小说中，成功将想象与真实人生经历融为一体。 6. innocent /ˈɪnəsnt/ adj. 无辜的；清白的；天真的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. innocent of a crime 无罪；清白 2. innocent child 天真烂漫的孩子 3. innocent mistake 无心之失 4. innocent eyes 纯净无邪的眼神 5. completely innocent 全然无辜 ✍️ 应用文佳句 The story tells us an innocent boy’s adventure and his growth during the special experience. 这个故事讲述了一个天真男孩的冒险旅程，以及这段特殊经历带给他的成长。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Looking at the kid’s innocent smiling face, all his tiredness and anger disappeared at once. 看着孩子天真无邪的笑脸，他所有的疲惫与怒火瞬间烟消云散。 7. artificial /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl/ adj. 人工的；人造的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. artificial intelligence 人工智能 2. artificial flowers 人造花 3. artificial light 人造光源 4. artificial smile 假意的微笑 5. artificial lake 人工湖 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Nowadays, more and more artificial intelligent technology is used in public libraries. 如今，越来越多的人工智能技术被应用到公共图书馆当中。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 The soft artificial light lit up the quiet room, creating a peaceful reading atmosphere all night. 柔和的人造灯光点亮安静的房间，整夜营造出平和的阅读氛围。 8. spectacular /spekˈtækjələ(r)/ adj. 壮观的；壮丽的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. spectacular view 壮丽的景色 2. spectacular performance 精彩绝伦的表演 3. spectacular sunset 绝美的日落 4. spectacular success 惊人的成功 5. spectacular scenery 绝美风光 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Our city museum held an exhibition with spectacular traditional art works from all over the country. 我市博物馆举办展览，展出了来自全国各地的精美传统艺术品。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 They climbed to the top of the mountain, and enjoyed the most spectacular view they had ever seen. 他们登上山顶，欣赏到了此生见过最壮丽的绝美风光。 9. integrity /ɪnˈteɡrəti/ n. 诚实；正直 背重点 背写作佳句 1. personal integrity 个人品行 2. moral integrity 品德正直 3. show great integrity 展现高尚品格 4. respect for integrity 崇尚诚信 5. a man of integrity 正直的人 ✍️ 应用文佳句 This great writer won people’s long-lasting respect for his talent and lifelong integrity. 这位伟大的作家，凭借才华与一生正直的品格，赢得了世人长久的敬仰。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Faced with huge temptation, he stuck to his integrity and never broke his own principle. 面对巨大的诱惑，他坚守本心的正直，从未打破自己的行事准则。 10. peak /piːk/ n. 顶峰；高峰 背重点 背写作佳句 1. reach one’s peak 到达巅峰 2. the peak of ……的顶峰时期 3. mountain peak 山峰 4. traffic peak 交通高峰期 5. career peak 事业巅峰 ✍️ 应用文佳句 The number of readers will reach its peak during the weekend in the newly built library. 新建图书馆的读者数量，会在周末时段达到高峰期。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Standing at the peak of the hill, he looked back at all the hard paths he had walked through. 站在小山的顶峰，他回望自己一路走来所有布满艰辛的路途。 四．单元短语 1. chill out 放松；冷静下来 2. fairy tale 童话故事；童话 3. form a group 组合；形成整体 4. estimate the value 估算价值 5. extend influence 扩大影响力 6. combine together 结合；组合 7. a burst of emotion 情绪突发；情感迸发 8. literary works 文学作品 9. have an insight into 深刻理解 10. peak period 巅峰时期；顶峰 五．单元佳句 句式1：with复合结构 1. 原句：The library stood there, with its new services attracting plenty of visitors. 2. 翻译：图书馆矗立在那里，全新的服务吸引了大量访客。 句式2：used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 1. 原句：This writer used to create fairy tales for children of all ages. 2. 翻译：这位作家过去常常为各个年龄段的孩子创作童话。 句式3：be superior to 优于；胜过 1. 原句：This new reading system is superior to the old one in many ways. 2. 翻译：这套全新的阅览系统在很多方面都优于旧系统。 句式4：It is generally believed that… 人们普遍认为…… 1. 原句：It is generally believed that words can shape our way of thinking. 2. 翻译：人们普遍认为，语言会塑造我们的思维方式。 句式5：not only...but also... 不仅……而且…… 1. 原句：The book review not only introduces the story but also shares deep thoughts. 2. 翻译：这篇书评不仅介绍了故事情节，还分享了深刻的见解。 六．单元语法 Modal verbs referring to the past（情态动词表过去） 情态动词+have done，专门用来对过去的事情推测、评论、后悔、责备，是高考重难点！ 1. 核心结构&含义对照表 must have done 过去一定已经做了（肯定推测） The library must have improved its service. 图书馆肯定已经升级了服务。 can't/couldn't have done 过去不可能做了（否定推测） He can't have finished the book review yesterday. may/might have done 过去也许/可能做了（不确定推测） She might have visited the old library. should/ought to have done 本应该做（实际没做，带责备/后悔） You should have joined the survey last week. shouldn't have done 本不该做（实际却做了） We shouldn't have wasted so many resources. needn't have done 本不必做（没必要却做了） You needn't have prepared so much work. could have done 本能够做（当时有能力，却没做） They could have built a better library. 2. 解题秒杀技巧 肯定语气最强 → 选must have done 完全否定、不可能 → 选can't have done 后悔、当初该做没做 → 选should have done 不确定、委婉猜测 → 选may/might have done 七．单元写作 Writing a review of a fiction book（虚构小说读后感/书评） 🎯 写作核心目标 读完一本小说后，介绍书籍基本信息、概括剧情、点评人物、给出个人评价与推荐理由。 1. 标准书评四段式万能框架 1. 开头引入：书名、作者、书籍类型、整体阅读初印象 ◦ 模板：Recently I have finished reading the fiction book ______ written by ______. It is a ______ story that really touches me deeply. 2. 内容简介：简要介绍故事背景、主要情节（不剧透关键结局） 3. 深度点评： ◦ 最喜欢的角色&人物性格 ◦ 故事亮点、写作特色 ◦ 带给你的思考与触动 4. 结尾推荐：给出整体评分，推荐给什么样的读者 2. 本单元专属加分词块&句型 • 核心词汇：elegant 优美的、comic 喜剧的、classic 经典的、tragic 悲剧的、integrity 正直、plot 故事情节、complex 复杂的、gripping 扣人心弦的 • 短语：chill out 放松、fairy tale 童话 • 书评万能高级句型： ◦ The plot of this book is really gripping and unexpected. ◦ The main character teaches me the importance of honesty and courage. ◦ I highly recommend this book to anyone who loves wonderful stories. 3. 写作高分技巧 • 剧情概括切忌照搬全文，精简提炼主线即可 • 重点放在个人感悟与评价，而不是单纯复述故事 • 可以结合单元语言、文字、文化传承的主题拔高立意 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1. It is not polite to ______ (非法侵入) others’ private computer system. 2. This hotel provides e______ service for all its guests. 3. We need to choose the best ______ (可供选择的) plan carefully. 4. This writer’s works have ______ (普遍地) won people’s praise. 5. The police are investigating this ______ (网络犯罪) case. 6. This comedy film has a classic happy ______ (结局). 7. It is ______ (主观的) to judge things only by personal feelings. 8. The museum bought a precious ancient ______ (包裹) from abroad. 9. The police carried out a close ______ (检查) of the accident site. 10. The ______ (脆弱性) of teenagers needs more social care. 【答案】 1. hack 句意：非法侵入他人私人电脑系统是不礼貌的。hack v. 非法侵入（计算机）。 2. elegant 句意：这家酒店为所有客人提供优雅贴心的服务。elegant adj. 优美的、雅致的。 3. alternative 句意：我们需要仔细挑选最佳备选方案。alternative adj. 可供选择的。 4. universally 句意：这位作家的作品普遍收获了大众的好评。universally adv. 全体地、普遍地。 5. cybercrime 句意：警方正在调查这起网络犯罪案件。cybercrime n. 网络犯罪。 6. ending / plot 句意：这部喜剧电影有着经典的圆满结局。plot 故事情节，ending 结局。 7. subjective 句意：仅凭个人感受评判事物是主观的。subjective adj. 主观的、非客观的。 8. parcel 句意：博物馆从海外购入了一件珍贵的古代包裹藏品。parcel n. 包裹、小包。 9. inspection 句意：警方对事故现场进行了严密勘查。inspection n. 检查、查看。 10. vulnerability 句意：青少年的脆弱性需要更多社会关怀。vulnerability n. 脆弱性。 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. It is hard ______ (estimate) the final result of this game. 2. This custom slowly ______ (evolve) over hundreds of years. 3. This new model is far ______ (superiority) to the old one. 4. The two companies decided ______ (combine) to develop new products. 5. We all need ______ (chill) out before making big decisions. 6. The man was accused of ______ (murder) the young officer. 7. The expert gave a ______ (spectacular) wonderful speech yesterday. 8. She was ______ (temptation) to accept the high-paid job offer. 9. The movie’s ______ (grip) plot won worldwide popularity. 10. The young boy dreamed of ______ (knit) clothes for homeless kids. 【答案】 1. to estimate 解析：固定句型 It is hard to do sth. 做某事很困难。 2. evolved 解析：事情发生在过去，evolve 逐步演变，过去式 evolved。 3. superior 解析：固定搭配 be superior to… 比……上等、优于……。 4. to combine 解析：decide to do sth. 决定做某事。 5. to chill 解析：need to do sth. 需要做某事，chill out 放松、冷静。 6. murdering 解析：介词 of 后接动名词 doing 形式。 7. spectacularly 解析：副词修饰形容词 wonderful，spectacular→spectacularly 壮观地、惊人地。 8. tempted 解析：固定搭配 be tempted to do sth. 被引诱、忍不住做某事。 9. gripping 解析：形容词修饰名词 plot，gripping adj. 扣人心弦的。 10. knitting 解析：介词 of 后接动名词 knitting。 三、完成句子。 1. 听完老师的开导，他终于冷静了下来。 After the teacher’s comfort, he finally ______ ______ . 2. 这部童话陪伴了几代人的童年。 This ______ has accompanied generations of children. 3. 这个传统节日从古至今逐步演变而来。 This traditional festival has ______ ______ for thousands of years. 4. 我们可以把多种材料组合起来制作新作品。 We can ______ different materials ______ to make new works. 5. 警方仔细检查了所有在场人员的随身物品。 The police ______ closely ______ all people’s personal belongings. 6. 不要被外表诱惑而做出错误选择。 Don’t be ______ by appearance to make wrong decisions. 7. 故事的背景设定在19世纪的欧洲。 The story’s ______ was set in 19th-century Europe. 8. 他拒绝屈服于不公平的权威压迫。 He refused to give in to authority and ______ . 9. 这家餐厅提供不限量自助餐食。 This restaurant serves unlimited food ______ . 10. 很多人都憧憬童话里的美好世界。 Many people long for the beautiful world in ______ ______ . 【答案】 1. chilled out 解析：chill out 放松、冷静，过去式 chilled out。 2. fairy tale 解析：fairy tale 童话故事。 3. evolved gradually 解析：evolve 逐步发展、演变，gradually 副词 渐渐地。 4. combine; together 解析：combine…together 将……结合、组合。 5. carried out inspection on 解析：inspection n. 检查、勘查。 6. tempted 解析：be tempted 被引诱、被鼓动。 7. setting 解析：setting n. 情节背景、故事场景。 8. rebellion 解析：rebellion n. 反抗、叛逆。 9. buffet 解析：buffet n. 自助餐。 10. fairy tales 解析：fairy tale 童话，此处用复数表泛指。 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 选择性必修第二册单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 1 Across the globe 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. biology n.________________________ 2. angle n. ________________________ 3. minority n. ________________________ 4. remote adj. ________________________ 5. hunt v. ________________________ 6. airline n. ________________________ 7. demand n. ___________；v. ___________ 8. rigid adj. ________________________ 9. restricted adj. _____________________ 10. curriculum n. ____________________ 11. enormous adj. ____________________ 12. fluency n. ________________________ 13. grasp n. ___________；v. _________ 14. shoreline n. ______________________ 15. resident n. ________________________ 16. relevant adj. _____________________ 17. overcome v. _____________________ 18. atmosphere n. ____________________ 19. vocabulary n. ____________________ 20. wilderness n. ____________________ 二、单词拓展 1. ___________(n. 生物学) → ___________(adj. 生物的) 2. ___________(adj. 次要的) → ___________(n. 少数；少数派) 3. ___________(adj. 偏远的) → ___________(n. 偏远；遥远) 4. ___________(v./n. 打猎；搜寻) → ___________(n. 猎人) → ___________(n. 狩猎活动) 5. ___________(n./v. 要求；需求) → ___________(adj. 高要求的；费力的) 6. ___________(adj. 死板的；僵硬的) → ___________(n. 僵硬；死板) 7. ___________(v. 限制；约束) → ___________(adj. 受限制的) → ___________(n. 限制；约束) 8. ___________(adj. 巨大的) → ___________(adv. 极其；非常) 9. ___________(adj. 流利的) → ___________(n. 流利；流畅) 10. ___________(v./n. 抓紧；理解) → ___________(adj. 贪婪的) 11. ___________(v. 使隔离) → ___________(adj. 孤立的；偏远的) → ___________(n. 隔离；孤立) 12. ___________(n. 居民) → ___________(n. 住所；居住) → ___________(adj. 居住的) 13. ___________(adj. 紧密相关的) → ___________(n. 相关性；中肯) 14. ___________(v. 克服；解决) → ___________(n. 战胜) 15. ___________(v. 结冰；冻结) → ___________(adj. 冰封的；冻住的) 三、常考单词 1. remote /rɪˈməʊt/ adj. 偏远的；偏僻的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. remote areas 偏远地区 2. remote control 遥控 3. remote from reality 脱离现实 4. remote possibility 极小的可能性 5. remote past 久远的过去 ✍️ 应用文佳句 The local government has built new roads to connect remote villages with the outside world. 当地政府修建了新公路，将偏远村落与外界连通起来。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Standing on the mountain top, he stared at the remote twinkling lights in the valley, lost in deep thought. 站在山顶，他凝望着山谷远处闪烁的灯火，陷入了深深的沉思。 2. demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/ n./v. 需求；强烈要求 背重点 背写作佳句 1. meet/satisfy the demand 满足需求 2. in great demand 需求量很大 3. demand for ……的需求 4. demand an explanation 要求给出解释 5. on demand 一经要求 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Nowadays, there is a growing demand for online English learning among senior high students. 如今，高中生对于线上英语学习的需求正不断增长。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 The trapped villagers demanded immediate rescue, and every rescuer spared no effort to help them out. 被困村民急需立刻救援，每一位救援人员都拼尽全力将他们救出险境。 3. curriculum /kəˈrɪkjələm/ n. 全部课程 背重点 背写作佳句 1. school curriculum 学校课程 2. improve the curriculum 优化课程体系 3. basic curriculum 基础课程 4. add to the curriculum 增设课程 5. official curriculum 官方规定课程 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Our school has added more art courses to our curriculum to enrich students' after-school life. 我校在课程体系中增设了更多艺术课程，来丰富学生的课余生活。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 After discussing with teachers, the students put forward creative advice to perfect the school curriculum. 和老师们商议过后，学生们提出了完善学校课程的创新性建议。 4. enormous /ɪˈnɔːməs/ adj. 巨大的；庞大的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. enormous pressure 巨大的压力 2. enormous amount of 大量的 3. enormous potential 巨大的潜力 4. enormous difficulty 极大的困难 5. enormous success 巨大的成功 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Protecting the ancient cultural relics faces enormous challenges at present. 目前，保护古老文物面临着巨大的挑战。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 To everyone’s surprise, the little girl had an enormous courage to fight against the heavy storm alone. 令所有人惊讶的是，这个小女孩有着独自对抗狂风暴雨的莫大勇气。 5. grasp /ɡrɑːsp/ v./n. 抓紧；理解；领会 背重点 背写作佳句 1. grasp the chance/opportunity 抓住机遇 2. grasp the main idea 领会主旨 3. have a good grasp of 精通；很好地掌握 4. grasp firmly 紧紧抓住 5. beyond one’s grasp 超出某人的理解 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Only by listening carefully in class can we fully grasp the key knowledge of each lesson. 只有课堂认真听讲，我们才能完全掌握每一课的核心知识点。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 She grasped her mother’s hand tightly, refusing to let go even when she felt extremely scared. 她紧紧攥住妈妈的手，即便满心恐惧，也绝不肯松开。 6. relevant /ˈreləvənt/ adj. 紧密相关的；切题的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. be relevant to 与……相关 2. relevant information 相关信息 3. relevant to the topic 贴合主题 4. highly relevant 高度相关 5. relevant experience 相关经验 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Please provide all relevant documents before the application deadline. 请在申请截止日期前提交全部相关材料。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 All the clues he found were closely relevant to the secret that had been hidden for decades. 他找到的所有线索，都和这个埋藏了数十年的秘密紧密相关。 7. overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/ v. 克服；解决 背重点 背写作佳句 1. overcome difficulties/hardships 克服困难 2. overcome fear 战胜恐惧 3. overcome shortcomings 改正缺点 4. overcome challenges 应对挑战 5. overcome loneliness 排解孤独 ✍️ 应用文佳句 With teammates’ encouragement, I finally overcame my fear of speaking in public. 在队友的鼓励下，我终于克服了当众发言的胆怯。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Though he met countless failures, he never gave up and managed to overcome every barrier ahead. 纵然历经无数次失败，他从未放弃，成功跨越了前路的每一道阻碍。 8. atmosphere /ˈætməsfɪə(r)/ n. 气氛；氛围；大气 背重点 背写作佳句 1. friendly atmosphere 友好的氛围 2. warm atmosphere 温馨的气氛 3. create an atmosphere 营造氛围 4. relaxing atmosphere 轻松的氛围 5. the earth’s atmosphere 地球大气层 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Our class held a party, creating a pleasant and relaxing learning atmosphere. 我们班级举办了一场派对，营造了愉悦又轻松的学习氛围。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 The soft candlelight filled the yard, building a peaceful and warm atmosphere all night long. 柔和的烛光铺满小院，整夜都萦绕着安宁温暖的氛围。 9. horizon /həˈraɪzn/ n. 地平线；眼界 背重点 背写作佳句 1. on the horizon 即将来临；在地平线上 2. broaden/widen one’s horizons 开阔眼界 3. distant horizon 遥远的地平线 4. beyond the horizon 地平线之外 5. expand one’s horizons 拓宽视野 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Travelling abroad is a wonderful way to broaden our horizons and enrich our experience. 出国旅行是开阔眼界、丰富人生阅历的绝佳方式。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 As the sun slowly rose above the horizon, the whole world was dyed with soft golden light. 当太阳缓缓升上地平线，整个世界都被染上了温柔的金光。 10. conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ n. 冲突；争执 /kənˈflɪkt/ v. 冲突 背重点 背写作佳句 1. avoid conflict 避免冲突 2. resolve a conflict 化解矛盾 3. conflict with 与……相冲突 4. cultural conflict 文化冲突 5. sharp conflict 激烈争执 ✍️ 应用文佳句 We should learn to communicate properly to deal with interpersonal conflict wisely. 我们要学会恰当沟通，理智处理人际间的矛盾冲突。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Inner conflict troubled him for a long time, before he finally made up his mind to follow his heart. 内心的挣扎困扰了他许久，最终他下定决心遵从本心做出选择。 四．单元短语 1. ___________ 一把；少量 2. ___________ 使他人接受（观点、想法等） 3. ___________搜寻；查找 4. ___________全球各地；全世界 5. ___________ 优化课程 6. ___________ 海象牙雕 7. ___________ 领会含义 8. ___________ 克服困难 9. ___________ 偏远地区 10. ___________ 与……紧密相关 五．单元佳句 句式1：形容词+介词短语作后置定语 1. 原句：The village ______________________ still keeps its ancient tradition. 2. 翻译：这个远离大城市的村庄依然保留着古老的传统。 句式2：It is + adj. + to do sth. 形式主语 1. 原句：______________________ the fluency of a foreign language in a short time. 2. 翻译：想要在短时间内掌握一门外语的流畅表达是很难的。 句式3：现在分词作伴随状语 1. 原句：They went hunting in the forest, _________________________________ 2. 翻译：他们在森林里打猎，克服了所有恶劣的天气状况。 句式4：sth. relevant to... 与……相关的事物 1. 原句：We only focus on the information ______________________ 2. 翻译：我们只关注和学校课程相关的信息。 句式5：tend to + 动词原形 往往会…… 1. 原句：People living on the shoreline _________________________________ 2. 翻译：住在海岸线边的人们往往喜爱宁静的海景。 六．单元语法 The future in different forms（表达将来时的多种形式） 1. will + 动词原形 用法：临时决定、客观将来、预测、承诺、主动提出帮忙 例句：I will join the new school club tomorrow. 特征：无事先计划，当下临时做出的决定 2. be going to + 动词原形 用法：已经打算好的计划；有明显迹象、即将发生的事 例句：We are going to improve the school curriculum. 例句：Look at the clouds! It's going to rain. 3. 现在进行时（be doing） 用法：已经安排、敲定好的近期将来（多为交通、活动类计划） 例句：Our club is starting next Monday. 4. 一般现在时（do/does） 用法：时刻表、日历、既定不变的安排（火车、课程、节日） 例句：The new term begins in September. 5. be about to + 动词原形 用法：立刻、马上就要发生（极近的将来），不能加具体时间状语 例句：The meeting is about to start. 6. be to + 动词原形 用法：正式安排、官方指令、注定会发生的事 例句：We are to finish the project this week. ✅ 易错区分：• 临时选will，早计划选be going to• 已敲定的近期行程用现在进行时 七．单元写作 Writing a description of a place（地点描写文） 🎯 写作核心目标 向读者生动、有条理地介绍一个地方（城市、景点、家乡、特色地域），传递它的风貌、人文与个人感受。 1. 文章通用三段式高分结构 1. 开头段（总起）：点明描写对象，总体概括地位、最突出的整体印象 模板句：I’d like to introduce ______, a wonderful place located in ______. It is well-known for its unique scenery and special culture. 2. 主体段（分述）：分层展开描写 ◦ 地理位置与环境：remote/shoreline/frozen 等环境特点 ◦ 人文与特色：当地curriculum、生活方式、特色景观 ◦ 个人体验与细节：在这里的所见、所闻、所做 3. 结尾段（升华+总结）：表达喜爱、推荐来访、抒发情感 2. 本单元专属加分词块&句型 • 形容词：enormous 巨大的、harsh 艰苦的、isolated 偏僻的、relevant 相关的 • 名词：shoreline 海岸线、resident 居民、fluency 流畅 • 高级句型： ◦ Located in..., this place enjoys a long history and amazing natural views. ◦ What impresses me most about this place is its warm local people. ◦ It is such a special place that I will always remember it. 3. 写作高分技巧 • 描写顺序：从整体→局部，从外在景色→内在人文 • 多用感官描写（see/hear/smell/feel），让文字更有画面感 • 避免全程罗列景点，一定要加入个人主观感受 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1. The b______ is the scientific study of living things. 2. The town is located in a r______ area, far away from cities. 3. We need to o______ many difficulties to achieve our goals. 4. The c______ of this school focuses on all-round student development. 5. The company increased production to meet growing public d______. 6. The ______ (气氛) in the room became warm and friendly after the talk. 7. We were shocked by the ______ (巨大的) size of the ancient building. 8. She speaks English with great ______ (流畅；流利). 9. Many ______ (偏远的) villages still have no good Internet service. 10. The local ______ (居民) are all kind to visitors. 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. He managed ______ (grasp) the main idea of this long article quickly. 2. The frozen ground made it ______ (possible) for cars to pass through. 3. She felt ______ (inevitable) nervous before the final exam. 4. The new policy is closely ______ (relate) to our daily life. 5. The hunter spent the whole day ______ (hunt) in the forest. 6. It is ______ (harshly) to live in such cold and dry places. 7. The girl sat there silently, with her eyes ______ (fix) on the sea shoreline. 8. The teacher asked us ______ (sew) simple patterns by hand. 9. This rule is ______ (rigidly) carried out in our school. 10. Many people choose ______ (overcome) their fear and try new things. 三、完成句子。 1. 孩子们一把抓起了桌上的糖果。 The children took all the candies on the table ______ ______ ______ . 2. 我们不能把身边人的付出视为理所当然。 We should never ______ people around us ______ ______ ______ . 3. 这座小村庄靠捕鱼为生。 This small village ______ ______ fishing for a living. 4. 恶劣的天气导致了本次航班延误。 The bad weather ______ ______ the flight delay. 5. 他终于克服了自己的胆怯。 ______ ______ , he has overcome his shyness. 6. 这条海岸线绵延数千公里。 This ______ stretches for thousands of kilometers. 7. 请不要随意丢弃废弃物品。 Please don’t ______ ______ waste things carelessly. 8. 这项决定关乎所有学生的切身利益。 This decision ______ closely ______ ______ all students’ interests. 9. 这片荒野几乎无人居住。 This large ______ is almost uninhabited. 10. 他们偶然发现了一个隐蔽的山洞。 They found a hidden ______ by accident. Unit 2 Things that matter 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. sentimental adj. ____________________ 2. mirror n. ___________v. ___________ 3. jazz n. ______________________ 4. reluctant adj. ______________________ 5. primitive adj. ______________________ 6. permanent adj. ____________________ 7. possession n. ______________________ 8. annoyed adj. ______________________ 9. friction n. ______________________ 10. temporary adj. ___________ 11. resist v. ______________________ 12. currency n. ______________________ 13. tendency n. ______________________ 14. abnormal adj. _____________________ 15. hazardous adj. ____________________ 16. licence n. ______________________ 17. diamond n. ______________________ 18. astonish v. ______________________ 19. exhibition n. ______________________ 20. precious adj. ______________________ 二、单词拓展 1. ___________(n. 情感；情绪) → ___________(adj. 情感的；非理性的) 2. ___________(n. 镜子) → ___________(v. 反射；映照) 3. ___________(adj. 不情愿的) → ___________(n. 不情愿；勉强) → ___________(adv. 不情愿地) 4. ___________(adj. 永久的) → ___________(adv. 永久地；长久地) → ___________(n. 永恒) 5. ___________(v. 拥有；具有) → ___________(n. 个人财产；拥有) 6. ___________(v. 使恼怒；惹恼) → ___________(adj. 恼怒的；生气的) → ___________(n. 恼怒；烦恼) 7. ___________(adj. 短暂的；临时的) → ___________(adv. 暂时地；临时地) 8. ___________(v. 抵制；阻挡) → ___________(n. 抵制；抵抗力) → ___________(adj. 抵抗的) 9. ___________(adj. 危险的；有害的) → ___________(n./v. 危险；冒风险) 10. ___________(v. 使十分惊讶) → ___________(adj. 惊讶的) → ___________(adj. 惊人的) → ___________(n. 惊讶) 11. ___________(n. 面具；面罩) → ___________(v. 掩饰；遮盖) 12. ___________(v. 提交；呈递) → ___________(n. 提交；屈服) 13. ___________(v. 展出；展示) → ___________(n. 展览；展出) 14. ___________(v. 申请；应用) → ___________(n. 申请人) → ___________(n. 申请；应用) 15. ___________(adj. 珍奇的；珍稀的) → ___________(n. 珍贵；宝贵) 三、常考单词 1. permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ adj. 永久的；永恒的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. permanent change 永久性改变 2. permanent job 固定工作 3. permanent memory 永恒的记忆 4. permanent damage 永久损伤 5. permanent residence 永久居住 ✍️ 应用文佳句 The environmental damage caused by pollution will leave permanent harm to our planet. 污染带来的环境破坏，会给我们的星球留下永久的伤害。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 That warm and unforgettable day became a permanent treasure buried deep in his heart forever. 那段温暖难忘的时光，成了他心底永远珍藏的宝贵回忆。 2. reluctant /rɪˈlʌktənt/ adj. 不情愿的；勉强的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. be reluctant to do sth 不情愿做某事 2. reluctant agreement 勉强同意 3. reluctant to admit 不愿承认 4. reluctant to leave 舍不得离开 5. reluctant helper 不情愿帮忙的人 ✍️ 应用文佳句 At first, he was reluctant to join our rubbish classification promotion activity. 一开始，他并不情愿加入我们的垃圾分类推广活动。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 She stood at the school gate, reluctant to say goodbye to her dearest teacher and classmates. 她站在校门口，满心不舍，不愿和最敬爱的老师、同窗道别。 3. annoy /əˈnɔɪ/ v. 使恼怒；使烦恼 背重点 背写作佳句 1. be annoyed with sb 生某人的气 2. be annoyed at/about sth 为某事气恼 3. annoy sb greatly 使某人大为恼火 4. feel annoyed 感到烦闷 5. annoy endlessly 反复打扰 ✍️ 应用文佳句 I was really annoyed when someone interrupted me while I was preparing for the speech. 我准备演讲稿的时候被人打断，心里十分烦闷。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Though he felt annoyed by the misunderstanding, he calmed himself down and explained patiently. 纵然因这场误会满心恼火，他还是冷静下来，耐心地做出了解释。 4. temporary /ˈtemprəri/ adj. 短暂的；临时的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. temporary difficulty 暂时的困难 2. temporary job 临时工作 3. temporary shelter 临时避难所 4. temporary pain 短暂的痛苦 5. temporary solution 临时解决方案 ✍️ 应用文佳句 We set up a temporary exhibition hall to show our handmade artworks. 我们搭建了临时展厅，用来展出大家的手工作品。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 All the sadness at that moment was only temporary, and bright hope was waiting ahead. 彼时所有的难过都只是暂时的，光明的希望正在前路等候。 5. resist /rɪˈzɪst/ v. 抵制；阻挡；忍住 背重点 背写作佳句 1. resist doing sth 忍住不做某事 2. resist temptation 抵制诱惑 3. resist change 抗拒改变 4. cannot resist doing 忍不住做某事 5. resist attack 抵御攻击 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Teenagers should learn to resist bad online information and protect themselves. 青少年要学会抵制不良网络信息，做好自我保护。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 She could hardly resist the warm invitation, and decided to join the kids in their happy game. 她实在难以拒绝这份热情的邀约，决定加入孩子们欢乐的游戏之中。 6. criterion /kraɪˈtɪəriən/ n. 标准；准则 背重点 背写作佳句 1. selection criterion 选拔标准 2. evaluation criterion 评价准则 3. strict criterion 严格标准 4. main criterion 核心标准 5. meet the criterion 符合标准 ✍️ 应用文佳句 This is the important criterion we will use to judge students’ performance. 这就是我们评判学生表现的重要参考标准。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 For him, honesty rather than success alone is the only criterion to judge a person. 对他而言，评判一个人的唯一准则是真诚，而非单纯的成功。 7. submit /səbˈmɪt/ v. 提交；呈递 背重点 背写作佳句 1. submit an application 提交申请 2. submit a report 上交报告 3. submit homework 上交作业 4. submit to authority 服从权威 5. submit before deadline 截止前提交 ✍️ 应用文佳句 All participants need to submit their writing works before this Friday afternoon. 所有参赛者需在本周五下午前提交自己的参赛作文。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 After polishing his story again and again, he finally submitted it to the storytelling competition. 反复打磨自己的故事之后，他终于将作品提交给了故事写作大赛。 8. precious /ˈpreʃəs/ adj. 珍奇的；珍贵的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. precious time 宝贵的时间 2. precious memory 珍贵的回忆 3. precious gift 珍贵的礼物 4. precious resource 珍稀资源 5. precious moment 珍贵的瞬间 ✍️ 应用文佳句 We should value every minute and make good use of our precious high school time. 我们应当珍惜每一分每一秒，好好利用宝贵的高中时光。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 The old photo was her most precious treasure, which kept all the warm memories of her family. 这张老照片是她最珍贵的珍藏，留存着全家人所有温暖的过往。 9. debate /dɪˈbeɪt/ v./n. 正式讨论；辩论 背重点 背写作佳句 1. hold a debate 举办辩论赛 2. heated debate 激烈辩论 3. debate about/on 就……展开辩论 4. public debate 公众讨论 5. debate with sb 与某人争辩 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Our class will hold a heated debate about whether rubbish classification should be promoted widely. 我们班级将就垃圾分类是否应当大范围推广，举办一场激烈辩论赛。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 They debated for a whole night, trying to find the best way to solve the difficult problem. 他们争论了整整一夜，只为找到解决这个难题的最佳办法。 10. justify /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ v. 证明……正确；有理 背重点 背写作佳句 1. justify one’s action 为某人的行为辩解 2. fully justify 充分证明合理 3. hardly justify 难以自圆其说 4. justify the effort 证明付出值得 5. justify the decision 证明决定妥当 ✍️ 应用文佳句 No difficulty can justify giving up our dreams easily. 任何困难都不能成为轻易放弃梦想的理由。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Years of persistent hard work finally justified all his early insistence and endless efforts. 多年坚持不懈的努力，最终印证了他当初的坚守与所有付出都无比值得。 四．单元短语 1. ___________ 对……习以为常 2. ______________________大量；一大堆 3. ____________________ 随意地；随机地 4. ______________________ 决定退出 5. ___________扔掉；摆脱；除去 6. ___________清除；销毁；处理掉 7. ______________________ 大量；大批 8. ______________________ 垃圾分类 9. ______________________ 责任感 10. ______________________ 提交申请 五．单元佳句 句式1：主语从句（That/What引导） 1. 原句：______________________ really makes a difference to our planet. 2. 翻译：我们处理日常垃圾的方式，真的会对我们的地球产生影响。 句式2：be reluctant to do sth. 不情愿做某事 1. 原句：Many people______________________ their old living habits. 2. 翻译：很多人都不愿意改变自己旧的生活习惯。 句式3：There is a conflict between A and B A与B之间存在冲突 1. 原句：______________________ personal desire and public rules. 2. 翻译：个人诉求和公共规则之间常常存在冲突。 句式4：It is one’s responsibility to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任 1. 原句：_________________________________rubbish classification. 2. 翻译：推行垃圾分类是每个人的责任。 句式5：prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 1. 原句：The dangerous environment _________________________________ the museum exhibit. 2. 翻译：危险的环境阻碍了他们举办博物馆展览。 六．单元语法 The subject clause（主语从句） 1. 定义：一个句子充当整个主句的主语，就叫主语从句 2. 引导词分类 that 无实际含义，只起连接作用，从句不缺成分 That we protect rubbish classification is very important. whether/if 表“是否”，位于句首只能用whether Whether the museum will open is unknown. 连接代词what/who/which/whose 在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语 What we need is better waste sorting rules. 连接副词when/where/why/how 在从句中作状语，表时间/地点/原因/方式 How we display exhibits matters a lot. 3. 两大核心句型结构 1. 从句前置：引导词+从句 + 谓语+其他 What you did is meaningful. 2. it作形式主语（最常用，避免头重脚轻）：It + be + adj/n + 真实主语从句 It is true that rubbish recycling helps our planet. 4. 必记规则 主语从句一律陈述语序（不能用疑问倒装） ❌ What is life? → ✅ What life is that引导主语从句放句首，that绝对不能省略 谓语动词永远用单数形式 七．单元写作 Writing a story for a storytelling competition（参赛叙事故事） 🎯 写作核心目标 写一篇情节完整、有细节、有情感、主题积极的短篇记叙文，适合故事比赛展示。 1. 经典记叙文五段式结构（高分拿分框架） 1. 开端（Beginning）：交代时间、地点、人物、故事背景 2. 发展（Development）：事情起因、经过，一步步推进情节 3. 高潮（Climax）：故事最紧张、最关键的冲突/转折点 4. 结局（Ending）：冲突解决，事情最终结果 5. 感悟（Moral/Feeling）：从故事里学到的道理、人生启示 2. 本单元专属加分词块&句型 • 核心词汇：annoyed 恼怒的、friction 分歧、temporary 短暂的、guilty 愧疚的、precious 珍贵的、critical 关键的 • 短语：take ... for granted 习以为常、get rid of 摆脱、a bunch of 大量 • 高级过渡&情节句型： ◦ One day, something unexpected happened to me. ◦ At that moment, I realized that... ◦ This experience taught me that rubbish classification/protecting our daily things is really important. 3. 写作高分技巧 • 多用过去时态（一般过去时为主），时态全程统一 • 加入人物动作、心理、对话描写，故事更生动 • 主题贴合单元“环保、垃圾分类、生活里珍贵的事物”，立意更贴合教材 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1. She has a deeply s______ attitude towards old memories. 2. You’d better set a d______ for your task to avoid delay. 3. The shop will refuse drunk and a______ young teenagers. 4. This company will increase its annual ______ (预算) next year. 5. We all admire his ______ (永久的) contribution to this field. 6. It is rude to hold ______ (偏见) against different groups. 7. The museum will open a new ______ (展览) next month. 8. He felt g______ for lying to his parents. 9. The ______ (金融的) crisis influenced the whole world. 10. We need to solve this ______ (冲突) through communication. 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. He was ______ (reluctance) to talk about his past experience. 2. The girl looked at the broken vase ______ (sad). 3. We all choose ______ (resist) bad habits in daily life. 4. The movie was so amazing that it made all of us ______ (astonish). 5. This new dress is ______ (preciousness) to her. 6. ______ (politics) leaders will attend the international meeting. 7. The thief admitted ______ (steal) the expensive diamond ring. 8. She refused ______ (submit) to the unfair rules. 9. The accident ______ (defeat) his confidence completely last year. 10. The teacher asked us ______ (justify) our opinions clearly. 三、完成句子。 1. 大家随机抽取了本次活动的奖品。 All people picked the activity prizes ______ ______ . 2. 他决定退出本次比赛的选拔。 He decided to ______ ______ of this competition selection. 3. 我们应该摆脱生活里的负面情绪。 We should ______ ______ ______ negative feelings in life. 4. 不要把他人的善意视作理所当然。 Never ______ others’ kindness ______ ______ ______ . 5. 大批游客涌入了这座历史古城。 ______ ______ ______ tourists flooded into this ancient historical city. 6. 他为自己的观点找到了合理的理由支撑。 He managed to ______ ______ his own opinion. 7. 这座美术馆正在展出珍贵的艺术品。 The ______ is displaying precious works of art now. 8. 恶劣的工作环境引发了员工之间的分歧。 Bad working environment caused ______ among workers. 9. 这家餐厅只接受提前订阅的顾客。 This restaurant only serves customers who have ______ in advance. 10. 她向报社提交了自己的设计方案。 She ______ her design plan to the newspaper office. Unit 3 Mind and body 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. session n. ______________________ 2. routine n. ______________________ 3. shift v. ___________；n.___________ 4. root v. ___________；n.___________ 5. philosophy n. ______________________ 6. symbol n. ______________________ 7. crisis n. ______________________ 8. embarrassed adj. ___________ 9. motivation n. ___________ 10. attain v.______________________ 11. tackle v. ______________________ 12. significance n. ___________ 13. consequence n. ___________ 14. comfort n. ___________；v. __________ 15. confuse v. ______________________ 16. novelist n. ______________________ 17. upset adj. ______________________ 18. shadow n. ______________________ 19. profession n. ______________________ 20. undergo v. ______________________ 二、单词拓展 1. ___________(n. 常规；正常顺序) → ___________(adj. 常规的；例行的) 2. ___________(v./n. 转移；改变) → ___________(adj. 不断变化的) 3. ___________(n. 哲学；人生信条) → ___________(adj. 哲学的；豁达的) 4. ___________(n. 符号；象征) → ___________(v. 象征；代表) → ___________(adj. 象征性的) 5. ___________(n. 危难时刻) → ___________(pl. 复数) → ___________(adj. 关键的；危急的) 6. ___________(v. 使尴尬) → ___________(adj. 窘迫的；害羞的) → ___________(adj. 令人尴尬的) → ___________(n. 尴尬) 7. ___________(v. 激励；激发) → ___________(n. 动机；动力) → ___________(adj. 有积极性的) 8. ___________(v. 意味着；表示) → ___________(n. 意义；重要性) → ___________(adj. 重要的；显著的) 9. ___________(adj. 真实的) → ___________(adj. 现实的) → ___________(adj. 不切实际的；不现实的) 10. ___________(n. 结果；后果) → ___________(adj. 随之而来的) → ___________(adv. 因此；结果) 11. ___________(n./v. 安慰；慰藉) → ___________(adj. 舒适的) → ___________(adj. 不安的；不舒服的) 12. ___________(v. 使迷惑；使难以理解) → ___________(n. 困惑；混乱) → ___________(adj. 令人困惑的) 13. ___________(n. 行业；职业) → ___________(adj. 专业的；职业的) 14. ___________(adj. 清晰的；纯正的) → ___________(adv. 纯粹地；仅仅) → ___________(n. 纯净；纯洁) 15. ___________(adj. 道德上的；道义上的) → ___________(n. 道德；道德准则) 三、常考单词 1. routine /ruːˈtiːn/ n. 常规；正常顺序 adj. 日常的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. daily routine 日常生活；日常作息 2. regular routine 固定惯例 3. break the routine 打破常规 4. routine work 日常工作 5. follow a routine 遵循惯例 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Keeping a healthy daily routine is the key to staying energetic both in study and life. 保持健康的日常作息，是在学习和生活中保持精力充沛的关键。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 After living the same boring routine for years, he decided to make a big change to his life. 多年过着一成不变的枯燥日常后，他决心给自己的人生来一场彻底的改变。 2. crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ n. 危难时刻；危机期 背重点 背写作佳句 1. face a crisis 面临危机 2. economic crisis 经济危机 3. emotional crisis 情绪危机 4. overcome a crisis 渡过难关 5. in times of crisis 在危急时刻 ✍️ 应用文佳句 It is our personality and courage that truly matter when we are in a crisis. 身处困境之时，真正重要的是我们的品格与勇气。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 The unexpected crisis tested everyone, but they united together and got through it safely. 这场突如其来的危机考验着所有人，可众人团结一致，平安渡过了难关。 3. embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 窘迫的；尴尬的；害羞的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. feel embarrassed 感到尴尬 2. be embarrassed about 对……难为情 3. deeply embarrassed 无比窘迫 4. slightly embarrassed 略显尴尬 5. embarrassed smile 尴尬的微笑 ✍️ 应用文佳句 I felt so embarrassed when I made a mistake while giving my speech in front of the whole grade. 当着全年级同学演讲出错的时候，我感到无比窘迫。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Her face turned bright red, and she lowered her head, too embarrassed to say a single word. 她的脸颊涨得通红，低下头，窘迫得一句话也说不出来。 4. motivation /ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃn/ n. 动机；动力 背重点 背写作佳句 1. strong motivation 强烈的动力 2. learning motivation 学习动力 3. lack of motivation 缺乏干劲 4. provide motivation 给予激励 5. inner motivation 内在驱动力 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Positive encouragement from teachers and parents can give us lasting study motivation. 老师和家长的正向鼓励，能给予我们持久的学习动力。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 The warm support from his family became his forever motivation to keep moving forward bravely. 家人温暖的支持，成了他永远勇敢前行的不竭动力。 5. tackle /ˈtækl/ v. 应付；处理；解决难题 背重点 背写作佳句 1. tackle a problem 解决难题 2. tackle difficulties 应对困难 3. tackle the challenge 迎接挑战 4. tackle effectively 高效处理 5. tackle together 共同应对 ✍️ 应用文佳句 We need to work together to tackle teenagers’ worries about body image and self-esteem. 我们需要共同努力，解决青少年对于外貌与自尊的烦恼。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 No matter how hard the situation was, he chose to face it bravely and tackle it one step at a time. 无论处境多么艰难，他都选择勇敢直面，一步一步攻克难关。 6. significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/ n. 意义；重要性 背重点 背写作佳句 1. great significance 重大意义 2. historical significance 历史意义 3. realize the significance 意识到重要性 4. of little significance 无关紧要 5. cultural significance 文化价值 ✍️ 应用文佳句 It is of great significance for us to build a healthy attitude towards appearance. 树立健康的容貌观，对我们而言有着十分重大的意义。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Only after many years passed did he finally understand the true significance of that experience. 多年时光流逝过后，他才终于明白那段经历真正的意义所在。 7. comfort /ˈkʌmfət/ n. 安慰；慰藉 v. 安慰 背重点 背写作佳句 1. offer comfort 给予安慰 2. seek comfort 寻求慰藉 3. comfort sb gently 温柔安抚某人 4. a great comfort 莫大的安慰 5. live in comfort 安逸生活 ✍️ 应用文佳句 A sincere hug and warm words can comfort a person who feels upset and lose confidence. 一个真诚的拥抱、几句暖心的话语，就能安抚失落、失去信心的人。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Seeing her tears, he sat beside her and comforted her patiently until she calmed down slowly. 看见她落泪，他坐在身旁耐心安抚，直到她慢慢平复了情绪。 8. behave /bɪˈheɪv/ v. 表现；举止 背重点 背写作佳句 1. behave well 举止得体 2. behave properly 行为端正 3. behave oneself 守规矩；安分 4. behave naturally 表现自然 5. behave politely 举止礼貌 ✍️ 应用文佳句 We are required to behave well and respect others during all public activities. 在所有公共活动中，我们都要举止得体、尊重他人。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Though he was very angry inside, he still behaved calmly and dealt with the matter rationally. 纵然内心怒火翻涌，他依旧保持冷静，理智地处理了整件事。 9. moral /ˈmɒrəl/ adj. 道义上的；道德上的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. moral standard 道德标准 2. moral support 精神支持 3. moral education 品德教育 4. moral duty 道义责任 5. moral value 道德观 ✍️ 应用文佳句 High school students should build correct moral values and always stick to what is right. 高中生应当树立正确的道德观念，永远坚守正道。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 In that difficult moment, he chose to follow his moral heart and help the stranger in trouble. 在那个艰难的时刻，他选择遵从本心的道义，帮助了身陷困境的陌生人。 10. ambition /æmˈbɪʃn/ n. 野心；雄心；志向；抱负 背重点 背写作佳句 1. achieve one’s ambition 实现抱负 2. great ambition 远大志向 3. lifelong ambition 毕生追求 4. full of ambition 充满斗志 5. realize one’s ambition 达成理想 ✍️ 应用文佳句 We should set clear goals and hold firm ambition to fight for our bright future. 我们应当树立清晰目标，怀揣坚定志向，为光明的未来拼搏奋斗。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Young as he was, he had a burning ambition to become a person who could bring warmth to others. 纵然年纪尚轻，他内心有着炽热的理想，立志成为能给他人带去温暖的人。 四．单元短语 1. __________（成功）对付；妥善处理难题 2. ______________________ 剥夺；使丧失 3. ___________ 徒劳；白费力气；无效果的 4. ______________________ 表达个人观点 5. ______________________ 追寻身心平衡 6. ______________________ 克制情绪 7. ______________________ 增强自信心 8. ______________________ 减轻压力 9. ______________________ 心情愉悦 10. ______________________ 履行职责 五．单元佳句 句式1：in order to 表目的状语 1. 原句：___________ search for balance in life, more people start to pay attention to their mind and body. 2. 翻译：为了寻找生活里的平衡，越来越多人开始关注身心健康。 句式2：feel embarrassed about 对……感到尴尬窘迫 1. 原句：Many teenagers______________________their body image. 2. 翻译：很多青少年对自己的外形感到自卑尴尬。 句式3：play a key/significant role in 在……起到关键作用 1. 原句：Self-esteem______________________ teenagers’ mental health. 2. 翻译：自尊对青少年的心理健康至关重要。 句式4：be unlikely to do sth. 不太可能做某事 1. 原句：If you stay positive, you ______________________ stress. 2. 翻译：如果你保持积极心态，就不太容易被压力困扰。 句式5：It occurs to sb. that… 某人突然想到…… 1. 原句：______________________ inner beauty matters far more than appearance. 2. 翻译：很多人突然意识到，内在美远比外表重要。 六．单元语法 The verb-ed form as predicative（动词-ed形式作表语） 1. 基本概念 过去分词（v-ed）放在系动词（be/feel/become/seem/look等）后面，充当表语，用来描述人的感受、事物的状态。 2. -ed vs -ing 分词终极区别（高频考点） v-ed 结尾：感到……的（用来形容人的主观感受） v-ing 结尾：令人……的（用来形容事物本身的性质、特点） He felt embarrassed about his body image.（他本人感到尴尬） The situation is very embarrassing.（这件事令人尴尬） 3. 常见高频-ed表语形容词 surprised 惊讶的、interested 感兴趣的、tired 疲惫的、disappointed 失望的、shocked 震惊的、worried 担忧的 4. 用法拓展 be concerned about 对……担忧 be satisfied with 对……满意 be confused about 对……困惑 七．单元写作 Writing a letter to a newspaper about teenagers’ concerns about body image （给报社的公开建议信） 🎯 写作核心目标 正式书信格式，就青少年身材焦虑、外貌焦虑、自尊问题发表观点、分析原因、给出合理建议。 1. 正式英文书信标准结构 1. 称呼：Dear Editor, 2. 开篇：自我介绍+点明写信目的：就青少年身材形象问题来信发表看法 3. 主体第一段：描述现状：现在很多青少年过分在意外貌、整形、身材，产生自卑、焦虑情绪 4. 主体第二段：分析危害：影响self-esteem自尊、心理健康、日常学习生活 5. 主体第三段：给出具体可行建议 6. 结尾段：总结期望+恳请报社呼吁关注 7. 落款：Yours sincerely, 姓名 2. 本单元专属加分词块&句型 • 核心词汇：embarrassed 窘迫的、motivation 动力、moral 道德的、patience 恒心、vivid 生动的、overcome 克服 • 短语：cope with 处理、deprive ... of 使丧失、in vain 白费力气 • 建议类高级句型： ◦ As far as I am concerned, teenagers should pay more attention to inner beauty. ◦ It is high time that we helped teenagers build confidence in themselves. ◦ Instead of caring too much about appearance, we should focus on personal growth. 3. 写作高分技巧 • 语气礼貌、客观理性，不要偏激 • 建议分点清晰，逻辑连接词（Firstly/Secondly/Finally）串联 • 紧扣单元主题：身心平衡、自我接纳、内在美大于外在美 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1. Many teenagers care too much about their body i______. 2. Regular daily r______ can help us keep healthy. 3. She felt e______ when she made a mistake in public. 4. We need strong m______ to stick to our goals. 5. This novel’s final c______ shocked all readers. 6. Many young people pay for ______ (外科的) beauty treatment. 7. Doing exercise can ______ (增强) your physical strength. 8. We should treat others with ______ (道德上的) kindness. 9. She showed great ______ (耐心) in teaching slow learners. 10. His lifelong ______ (志向) finally came true. 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. We are learning how ______ (tackle) difficult social problems. 2. The warm drink helped him ______ (refresh) himself after work. 3. This story is full of ______ (vividly) descriptions of nature. 4. She refused ______ (reject) this sincere invitation. 5. The bad weather made him ______ (upset) all day long. 6. The writer spent ten years ______ (novelist) this famous book. 7. Everyone has experienced some ______ (unrealistic) wishes in life. 8. Taking exercise can ______ (ease) your daily pressure greatly. 9. The little boy was shy and ______ (confuse) in the new class. 10. He ______ (undergo) a hard period of growth when he was young. 三、完成句子。 1. 我们学会了如何成功应对生活里的困难。 We have learned how to ______ ______ difficulties in life successfully. 2. 父母的离世让他失去了所有美好的童年回忆。 The death of his parents ______ him ______ all happy childhood memories. 3. 他努力了很久，但最终一切都是白费力气。 He tried very hard, but all his efforts were ______ ______ . 4. 持续的压力让他难以保持良好心态。 ______ stress made it hard for him to keep a good state. 5. 这部小说源于一个真实的历史事件。 This novel ______ ______ a real historical event. 6. 她在众人面前缓解了紧张情绪。 She managed to ______ herself in front of the crowd. 7. 这位医生成功处理了这场紧急危机。 The doctor dealt with the sudden ______ perfectly. 8. 不要让负面情绪混淆你的判断。 Don’t let negative feelings ______ your judgement. 9. 他来回踱步，等待最终结果公布。 He ______ back and forth, waiting for the final result. 10. 坚持锻炼能极大减轻身体疼痛。 Regular exercise can greatly ______ body pain. Unit 4 Words 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. estimate v. ______________________ 2. evolve v. ______________________ 3. alternative n. ___________ 4. superior adj. ___________ 5. elegant adj. ______________________ 6. extend v. ______________________ 7. universally adv. ___________ 8. combine v. ______________________ 9. formation n. ___________ 10. innocent adj. ______________________ 11. fibre n. ______________________ 12. microscope n. ____________________ 13. inspection n. ___________ 14. artificial adj. ___________ 15. classic adj. ______________________ 16. spectacular adj.___________ 17. tragic adj. ______________________ 18. integrity n. ______________________ 19. peak n. ______________________ 20. complex adj. ______________________ 二、单词拓展 1. ___________(v. 逐步发展；逐渐演变) → ___________(n. 进化；演变) 2. ___________(adj. 上等的；较好的) → ___________(n. 优越性；优势) 3. ___________(n. 优雅；文雅) → ___________(adj. 优美的；文雅的) → ___________(adv. 优雅地) 4. ___________(v. 结合；组合) → ___________(n. 结合；联合体) 5. ___________(v./n. 形成；构成) → ___________(n. 组成；形成) 6. ___________(n. 无辜；清白) → ___________(adj. 无辜的；清白的) → ___________(adv. 天真地；无辜地) 7. ___________(v. 检查；查看) → ___________(n. 检查；查看) 8. ___________(n. 主题；话题) → ___________(adj. 主观的；非客观的) 9. ___________(n. 神秘；奥秘) → ___________(adj. 神秘的；奇怪的) 10. ___________(v. 劝诱；鼓动) → ___________(n. 诱惑；引诱) 11. ___________(n. 悲剧；悲惨事) → ___________(adj. 悲惨的；悲剧的) 12. ___________(adj. 脆弱的；易受伤害的) → ___________(n. 脆弱性；易受攻击性) 13. ___________(v. 整合；完整) → ___________(n. 诚实；正直) 14. ___________(n./v. 乐事；使高兴) → ___________(adj. 令人愉快的) 15. ___________(v. 描绘；描述) → ___________(n. 描绘；描述) 三、常考单词 1. estimate /ˈestɪmeɪt/ v. 估计；估价；估算 背重点 背写作佳句 1. estimate roughly 粗略估算 2. estimate the cost 预估成本 3. estimate accurately 精准估计 4. it is estimated that 据估算 5. estimate the time 预估时间 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Experts estimate that the number of public library visitors will rise sharply in the next 3 years. 专家预估，未来三年公共图书馆的到访人数将会大幅增长。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 It was hard to estimate how far they had walked, but they kept moving forward without stopping. 很难估算他们已经走了多远的路程，但他们从未停下脚步，一直向前。 2. alternative /ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv/ adj. 可供选择的 n. 选择 背重点 背写作佳句 1. alternative choice 备选选择 2. have no alternative but to 别无选择只能 3. alternative plan 替代方案 4. alternative way 另一种方式 5. available alternative 可行选项 ✍️ 应用文佳句 If the first plan fails, we still have another effective alternative to carry out our survey. 如果第一套方案失败，我们还有另一套可行方案来开展我们的调研活动。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Trapped in the heavy rain, they had no alternative but to take shelter in an old small house. 被困在大雨之中，他们别无选择，只能躲进一间老旧的小屋里避雨。 3. superior /suːˈpɪəriə(r)/ adj. 上等的；较好的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. be superior to 比……更优秀；胜过 2. superior quality 上乘品质 3. superior ability 出众的能力 4. superior service 优质服务 5. superior performance 优异表现 ✍️ 应用文佳句 This new public library provides superior service and convenient reading environment for citizens. 这座新建的公共图书馆，为市民提供优质的服务与便利的阅读环境。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 His patience and kindness made him superior to anyone else in everyone’s heart. 他的耐心与善良，让他在所有人心中都远比旁人更加可贵。 4. elegant /ˈelɪɡənt/ adj. 优美的；文雅的；简洁的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. elegant behaviour 优雅的举止 2. elegant design 精美的设计 3. elegant handwriting 工整优美的字迹 4. elegant dress 雅致的服饰 5. simple and elegant 简洁雅致 ✍️ 应用文佳句 The fiction book I reviewed uses elegant and simple language to tell a touching story. 我书评里的这本小说，用简洁雅致的语言讲述了一个动人的故事。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 She walked into the hall with an elegant smile, catching everyone’s attention at once. 她带着优雅的微笑走进大厅，瞬间吸引了所有人的目光。 5. combine /kəmˈbaɪn/ v. 结合；组合 背重点 背写作佳句 1. combine A with B 将A与B相结合 2. combine work and rest 劳逸结合 3. combine together 融合在一起 4. combine efforts 齐心协力 5. combine perfectly 完美融合 ✍️ 应用文佳句 We should combine reading practice with writing practice to improve our English ability quickly. 我们应当将阅读与写作练习相结合，快速提升英语综合能力。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 The writer successfully combined imagination with real life experience in this famous novel. 这位作家在这本经典小说中，成功将想象与真实人生经历融为一体。 6. innocent /ˈɪnəsnt/ adj. 无辜的；清白的；天真的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. innocent of a crime 无罪；清白 2. innocent child 天真烂漫的孩子 3. innocent mistake 无心之失 4. innocent eyes 纯净无邪的眼神 5. completely innocent 全然无辜 ✍️ 应用文佳句 The story tells us an innocent boy’s adventure and his growth during the special experience. 这个故事讲述了一个天真男孩的冒险旅程，以及这段特殊经历带给他的成长。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Looking at the kid’s innocent smiling face, all his tiredness and anger disappeared at once. 看着孩子天真无邪的笑脸，他所有的疲惫与怒火瞬间烟消云散。 7. artificial /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl/ adj. 人工的；人造的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. artificial intelligence 人工智能 2. artificial flowers 人造花 3. artificial light 人造光源 4. artificial smile 假意的微笑 5. artificial lake 人工湖 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Nowadays, more and more artificial intelligent technology is used in public libraries. 如今，越来越多的人工智能技术被应用到公共图书馆当中。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 The soft artificial light lit up the quiet room, creating a peaceful reading atmosphere all night. 柔和的人造灯光点亮安静的房间，整夜营造出平和的阅读氛围。 8. spectacular /spekˈtækjələ(r)/ adj. 壮观的；壮丽的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. spectacular view 壮丽的景色 2. spectacular performance 精彩绝伦的表演 3. spectacular sunset 绝美的日落 4. spectacular success 惊人的成功 5. spectacular scenery 绝美风光 ✍️ 应用文佳句 Our city museum held an exhibition with spectacular traditional art works from all over the country. 我市博物馆举办展览，展出了来自全国各地的精美传统艺术品。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 They climbed to the top of the mountain, and enjoyed the most spectacular view they had ever seen. 他们登上山顶，欣赏到了此生见过最壮丽的绝美风光。 9. integrity /ɪnˈteɡrəti/ n. 诚实；正直 背重点 背写作佳句 1. personal integrity 个人品行 2. moral integrity 品德正直 3. show great integrity 展现高尚品格 4. respect for integrity 崇尚诚信 5. a man of integrity 正直的人 ✍️ 应用文佳句 This great writer won people’s long-lasting respect for his talent and lifelong integrity. 这位伟大的作家，凭借才华与一生正直的品格，赢得了世人长久的敬仰。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Faced with huge temptation, he stuck to his integrity and never broke his own principle. 面对巨大的诱惑，他坚守本心的正直，从未打破自己的行事准则。 10. peak /piːk/ n. 顶峰；高峰 背重点 背写作佳句 1. reach one’s peak 到达巅峰 2. the peak of ……的顶峰时期 3. mountain peak 山峰 4. traffic peak 交通高峰期 5. career peak 事业巅峰 ✍️ 应用文佳句 The number of readers will reach its peak during the weekend in the newly built library. 新建图书馆的读者数量，会在周末时段达到高峰期。 ✨ 读后续写佳句 Standing at the peak of the hill, he looked back at all the hard paths he had walked through. 站在小山的顶峰，他回望自己一路走来所有布满艰辛的路途。 四．单元短语 1. ______________________放松；冷静下来 2.______________________童话故事；童话 3. ____________________ 组合；形成整体 4. ___________ 估算价值 5. ___________ 扩大影响力 6. ______________________结合；组合 7. ___________ 情绪突发；情感迸发 8. ______________________ 文学作品 9. ______________________ 深刻理解 10. ___________ 巅峰时期；顶峰 五．单元佳句 句式1：with复合结构 1. 原句：The library stood there, _________________________________ 2. 翻译：图书馆矗立在那里，全新的服务吸引了大量访客。 句式2：used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 1. 原句：This writer ______________________ fairy tales for children of all ages. 2. 翻译：这位作家过去常常为各个年龄段的孩子创作童话。 句式3：be superior to 优于；胜过 1. 原句：This new reading system ______________________ the old one in many ways. 2. 翻译：这套全新的阅览系统在很多方面都优于旧系统。 句式4：It is generally believed that… 人们普遍认为…… 1. 原句：______________________ words can shape our way of thinking. 2. 翻译：人们普遍认为，语言会塑造我们的思维方式。 句式5：not only...but also... 不仅……而且…… 1. 原句：The book review ___________ introduces the story ___________ shares deep thoughts. 2. 翻译：这篇书评不仅介绍了故事情节，还分享了深刻的见解。 六．单元语法 Modal verbs referring to the past（情态动词表过去） 情态动词+have done，专门用来对过去的事情推测、评论、后悔、责备，是高考重难点！ 1. 核心结构&含义对照表 must have done 过去一定已经做了（肯定推测） The library must have improved its service. 图书馆肯定已经升级了服务。 can't/couldn't have done 过去不可能做了（否定推测） He can't have finished the book review yesterday. may/might have done 过去也许/可能做了（不确定推测） She might have visited the old library. should/ought to have done 本应该做（实际没做，带责备/后悔） You should have joined the survey last week. shouldn't have done 本不该做（实际却做了） We shouldn't have wasted so many resources. needn't have done 本不必做（没必要却做了） You needn't have prepared so much work. could have done 本能够做（当时有能力，却没做） They could have built a better library. 2. 解题秒杀技巧 肯定语气最强 → 选must have done 完全否定、不可能 → 选can't have done 后悔、当初该做没做 → 选should have done 不确定、委婉猜测 → 选may/might have done 七．单元写作 Writing a review of a fiction book（虚构小说读后感/书评） 🎯 写作核心目标 读完一本小说后，介绍书籍基本信息、概括剧情、点评人物、给出个人评价与推荐理由。 1. 标准书评四段式万能框架 1. 开头引入：书名、作者、书籍类型、整体阅读初印象 ◦ 模板：Recently I have finished reading the fiction book ______ written by ______. It is a ______ story that really touches me deeply. 2. 内容简介：简要介绍故事背景、主要情节（不剧透关键结局） 3. 深度点评： ◦ 最喜欢的角色&人物性格 ◦ 故事亮点、写作特色 ◦ 带给你的思考与触动 4. 结尾推荐：给出整体评分，推荐给什么样的读者 2. 本单元专属加分词块&句型 • 核心词汇：elegant 优美的、comic 喜剧的、classic 经典的、tragic 悲剧的、integrity 正直、plot 故事情节、complex 复杂的、gripping 扣人心弦的 • 短语：chill out 放松、fairy tale 童话 • 书评万能高级句型： ◦ The plot of this book is really gripping and unexpected. ◦ The main character teaches me the importance of honesty and courage. ◦ I highly recommend this book to anyone who loves wonderful stories. 3. 写作高分技巧 • 剧情概括切忌照搬全文，精简提炼主线即可 • 重点放在个人感悟与评价，而不是单纯复述故事 • 可以结合单元语言、文字、文化传承的主题拔高立意 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1. It is not polite to ______ (非法侵入) others’ private computer system. 2. This hotel provides e______ service for all its guests. 3. We need to choose the best ______ (可供选择的) plan carefully. 4. This writer’s works have ______ (普遍地) won people’s praise. 5. The police are investigating this ______ (网络犯罪) case. 6. This comedy film has a classic happy ______ (结局). 7. It is ______ (主观的) to judge things only by personal feelings. 8. The museum bought a precious ancient ______ (包裹) from abroad. 9. The police carried out a close ______ (检查) of the accident site. 10. The ______ (脆弱性) of teenagers needs more social care. 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. It is hard ______ (estimate) the final result of this game. 2. This custom slowly ______ (evolve) over hundreds of years. 3. This new model is far ______ (superiority) to the old one. 4. The two companies decided ______ (combine) to develop new products. 5. We all need ______ (chill) out before making big decisions. 6. The man was accused of ______ (murder) the young officer. 7. The expert gave a ______ (spectacular) wonderful speech yesterday. 8. She was ______ (temptation) to accept the high-paid job offer. 9. The movie’s ______ (grip) plot won worldwide popularity. 10. The young boy dreamed of ______ (knit) clothes for homeless kids. 三、完成句子。 1. 听完老师的开导，他终于冷静了下来。 After the teacher’s comfort, he finally ______ ______ . 2. 这部童话陪伴了几代人的童年。 This ______ has accompanied generations of children. 3. 这个传统节日从古至今逐步演变而来。 This traditional festival has ______ ______ for thousands of years. 4. 我们可以把多种材料组合起来制作新作品。 We can ______ different materials ______ to make new works. 5. 警方仔细检查了所有在场人员的随身物品。 The police ______ closely ______ all people’s personal belongings. 6. 不要被外表诱惑而做出错误选择。 Don’t be ______ by appearance to make wrong decisions. 7. 故事的背景设定在19世纪的欧洲。 The story’s ______ was set in 19th-century Europe. 8. 他拒绝屈服于不公平的权威压迫。 He refused to give in to authority and ______ . 9. 这家餐厅提供不限量自助餐食。 This restaurant serves unlimited food ______ . 10. 很多人都憧憬童话里的美好世界。 Many people long for the beautiful world in ______ ______ . 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $