Unit4语法综合练习期末复习-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

**基本信息** 聚焦“疑问词+to do”和“情态动词must/have to”两大语法点，通过结构化必考点归纳、易错点归因及解题技巧提炼，构建从概念辨析到应用迁移的系统性训练体系，提升语言运用能力与逻辑思维品质。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |疑问词+to do|填空15题、选择15题、句型转换10题、翻译10题|四大核心结构表格归纳、6大易错点归因（如why to do错误）、4大秒选技巧（如how many找名词）|从结构类型→适用疑问词→动词分类→易错点→解题技巧，形成“概念-辨析-应用”逻辑链| |情态动词must/have to|填空10题、选择10题、句型转换5题、翻译5题|核心区别（主观vs客观）、否定形式对比（mustn't禁止vs don't have to不必）、时态差异总结|从共同点→核心区别→否定形式→补充考点→一句话区分，构建“对比-迁移”认知框架|

Unit4 A good read语法综合练习 (疑问词+to do; 情态动词must/have to ) 疑问词+to do归纳 一、高频必考点（逢考必出） 1. 四大核心结构辨析 结构类型 核心公式 常见动词/形容词 例句 动词+疑问词 +to do Verb + wh- + to-infinitive decide, know, wonder, forget, learn, ask He decided where to go. 动词+宾语+疑问词+ to do Verb + sb. + wh- + to-infinitive advise, show, teach, tell, ask She showed me how to use it. 形容词 +疑问词+ to do Adjective + wh- + to-infinitive sure, clear, certain I’m not sure who to ask. 疑问词+名词 + to do wh- + n. + to-infinitive what/which/how many/how much We discussed which book to read. 2. 适用的疑问词 ✅ 可使用的疑问词：what, who, whom, which, when, where, how, whose, how many, how much ❌ 绝对不能用的词：why（why to do 永远错误,只能用宾语从句:why sb. does sth.） 3. 常见动词分类（决定结构） · 直接接 wh- + to do：decide, know, wonder, forget, learn, remember, find out · 必须接宾语再接 wh- + to do：advise, show, teach, tell, ask, explain（给某人提建议 / 教某人做某事） · 可接名词的疑问词：what, which, whose, how many, how much（例：what to do /what books to read） 二、高频易错点（丢分重灾区） 1. 为什么 why to do 永远是错的？ 易错形式：I don’t know why to choose. ❌ 正确用法：I don’t know why I should choose it. ✅ · 原因:疑问词+不定式结构只能表达 “如何 / 何时 / 何地 / 做什么”，而why是用来询问原因的,不定式无法承载 “主语 + 谓语” 的逻辑,因此必须用宾语从句表达。 2. 动词 + 宾语 + to do 的双宾语陷阱 易错形式：The teacher advised us to choose which book. ❌ 正确用法：The teacher advised us which book to choose. ✅ · 易错点：advise/show/teach/tell 这类动词，宾语（us）要紧跟动词，疑问词 + 不定式（which book to choose）是宾语补足语，不能拆分位置。 3. 疑问词后加名词的固定搭配 易错形式：We need to decide how many take. ❌ 正确用法：We need to decide how many books to take. ✅ · 易错点：how many/how much 后面必须加名词，再接不定式；而when/where/how 后面不能加名词，只能直接接不定式。 4. 不定式的逻辑主语（隐含考点） 易错理解： · He told me what to do. → 是 “他” 要做吗？❌ · 正确理解：是 “我” 要做（逻辑主语是宾语 me） · 考点：完形填空/阅读理解中,常考不定式动作的发出者,需要根据主语/宾语判断。 5. 否定形式的位置 易错形式：I don’t know to not be late. ❌ 正确用法：I don’t know how not to be late. ✅ · 易错点：否定词 not 必须放在 to 的前面，即 wh- + not + to do。 6. 与宾语从句的转换（同义句高频考点） · 疑问词 + 不定式 = 宾语从句（主语和主句主语一致时） 1. I don’t know what to do. = I don’t know what I should do. 1. He told me where to go. = He told me where I should go. · 易错点：转换时宾语从句必须还原为陈述语序，且动词时态要和主句一致。 三、💡 快速解题技巧（考试秒选） 1. 看到 why 直接排除：选项里出现 why to do，直接排除。 2. 看到 advise/show/teach找宾语:动词后面必须有宾语（sb.),再接疑问词+不定式。 3. 看到 how many/how much 找名词:后面必须接名词,没有名词的选项直接排除。 4. 看到 sure/clear 找形容词结构：sure/clear + wh- + to do是固定搭配。 【达标练习】 一、用正确的疑问词填空 1.I don’t know ______ to solve this problem. Could you help me? 2.The teacher told us ______ to do with the broken desk. 3.She hasn’t decided ______ to stay at home or go out. 4.We are discussing ______ to have the meeting. 5.Could you tell me ______ to get to the nearest hospital? 6.He taught me ______ to use the new computer. 7.The little boy forgot ______ to turn in his homework. 8.I’m not sure ______ to ask for help when I’m in trouble. 9.We need to decide ______ books to take with us. 10.She doesn’t know ______ to buy for her mother’s birthday. 11.The students are talking about ______ to spend the weekend. 12.He didn’t remember ______ to return the library book. 13.I wonder ______ to go for the summer holiday. 14.They are discussing ______ many people to invite to the party. 15.She hasn’t decided ______ to do next. 二、单项选择 1.I don’t know ______ to deal with this problem. A. what B. how C. which D. where 2.The teacher asked the students ______ next. A. what to do B. what to do it C. how to do D. where to go to 3.The boy is not sure ______ for help when he is in trouble. A. who should he ask B. who to ask C. whom he asks D. to ask who 4.We are discussing ______ to the cinema this weekend. A. when go B. when to go C. where go D. where to go 5.Could you tell me ______ to make a fruit salad? A. how B. what C. which D. why 6.He hasn’t decided ______ to stay in Beijing or go back home. A. if B. whether C. when D. where 7.The little girl didn’t know ______ to do with her broken toy. A. how B. what C. where D. when 8.My father often teaches me ______ a bike by myself. A. how to ride B. how ride C. what to ride D. where to ride 9.I wonder ______ the meeting tomorrow morning. A. when to hold B. when hold C. to hold when D. hold when 10.—I can’t remember ______ the library card.—Don’t worry. I’ll help you find it. A. where to put B. where put C. to put where D. where putting 11.She hasn’t decided ______ to go for her summer holiday. A. why B. where C. if D. that 12.The problem is ______ to get enough money for the project. A. how B. what C. which D. why 13.Could you tell me ______ to turn on the computer? A. what B. how C. where D. which 14.They are discussing ______ many people to invite to the party. A. what B. how C. when D. where 15.I’m not sure ______ to choose between the two books. A. why B. which C. what D. how 三、句型转换 1.I don’t know what I should do next.（改为同义句） I don’t know ______ ______ ______ next. 2.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?（改为同义句） Could you tell me ______ ______ ______ to the station? 3.She hasn’t decided where she will go this summer.（改为同义句） She hasn’t decided ______ ______ ______ this summer. 4.The teacher told us when we would hand in our homework.（改为同义句） The teacher told us ______ ______ ______ our homework. 5.I want to know which book I should choose first.（改为同义句） I want to know ______ ______ ______ choose first. 6.He doesn’t know who he should ask for help.（改为同义句） He doesn’t know ______ ______ ______ for help. 7.They are talking about how they can solve the problem.（改为同义句） They are talking about ______ ______ ______ the problem. 8.She taught me how I could use the camera.（改为同义句） She taught me ______ ______ ______ the camera. 9.We are not sure when we will leave for Beijing.（改为同义句） We are not sure ______ ______ ______ for Beijing. 10.I don’t know where I should put the box.（改为同义句） I don’t know ______ ______ ______ the box. 四、句子翻译 1. 我不知道该和谁谈这个问题。_________________________________________ 2. 你能告诉我如何使用这台机器吗？________________________________________ 3. 她还没决定什么时候出发。_________________________________________ 4. 老师教我们如何写英语作文。_________________________________________ 5. 我们正在讨论去哪里野餐。_________________________________________ 6. 他不确定该选哪本书。_________________________________________ 7. 你知道如何和别人相处吗？_________________________________________ 8. 他们正在讨论邀请多少人参加聚会。______________________________________ 9. 我不知道该做什么来帮助他。_________________________________________ 10. 她忘记了该如何打开这个文件。_________________________________________ 情态动词must/have to 一、核心共同点 must 和 have to 都用来表示 “必须、有必要做某事”，但二者的使用场景和语气有本质区别。 二、核心区别（考试高频考点） 1. must：主观上的 “必须” 核心含义:说话人自己认为某事是必要的,带有强烈的主观意愿,责任感或自我要求。 典型场景:自我约束、道德义务、规定的行为规范。 例句： I must check my spelling and grammar before I hand in my book review. （我自己觉得必须检查拼写语法） “I must run away from them,” Gulliver thought.（格列佛自己主观认为必须逃跑） 2. have to：客观上的 “不得不” 核心含义:受外部规则/情况/环境所迫,不得不做某事,强调 “非自愿/客观条件要求”。 典型场景:学校/公司规定;时间限制,客观条件约束。 变形:有人称、时态变化（has to/had to/will have to） 例句： I have to hand in the book review on Friday.（学校规定周五必须交，客观要求） Gulliver had to pull his hand out of the rope.（被绳子绑住，客观情况迫使他这么做） 三、否定形式（易错点重点） 形式 含义 用法 & 例句 must not/mustn't 禁止,绝对不允许 表示强烈的禁令，语气非常强硬，≠“不必”例： I mustn't give away the ending of the story. （剧透是绝对不允许的） do not have to/ don't have to 不必,没有必要 表示 “可做可不做”，≠“禁止”例：I don't have to love the book.（我不必非要喜欢这本书） ❌ 易错提醒：mustn't ≠ don't have to *想表达 “禁止” 用 mustn't *想表达 “不必” 用 don't have to 四、补充考点 时态差异 *must 只有现在时，没有过去式，过去的 “必须” 要用 had to。 例：Yesterday I had to finish the homework.（不能用 must） *have to 有完整时态变化:have to(现在)→ had to(过去)→ will have to(将来） 疑问句用法 Must I...? 提问时,否定回答必须用 No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to.,不能用 mustn't. 例：—Must I hand it in today? —No, you don't have to.（你不必今天交） 五、一句话快速区分 must：我自己觉得必须做（主观） have to：外界要求我不得不做（客观） mustn't：绝对不能做（禁止） don't have to：可做可不做（不必） 【巩固达标】 一、选择have to / must;mustn’t / don’t have to填空题 1.I ______ hand in my book review on Friday. 2.I ______ give away the ending of the story. 3.You ______ check your spelling and grammar before handing in the paper. 4.I ______ love the book to write a review about it. 5.The students ______ follow the school rules. 6.You ______ talk loudly in the library. 7.She ______ work late because she has a lot of work to do. 8.You ______ come if you don’t want to. 9.We ______ wear masks when we go out. 10.You ______ forget to bring your homework tomorrow. 二、单项选择题 1.—Do you ______ finish your report today?—Yes, the teacher says it’s due tomorrow. A. must B. have to C. can D. may 2.You ______ smoke in public places. It’s against the rules. A. mustn’t B. don’t have to C. have to D. must 3.I ______ love the movie to write a review. I just need to give my opinion. A. mustn’t B. don’t have to C. have to D. must 4.The little boy ______ hold his mother’s hand when crossing the street. A. must B. have to C. has to D. mustn’t 5.—Must I clean the classroom now?—No, you ______. You can do it after school. A. mustn’t B. don’t have to C. have to D. can’t 6.You ______ give away the ending of the book to others. A. must B. have to C. mustn’t D. don’t have to 7.She ______ stay at home because her mother is ill. A. must B. has to C. mustn’t D. don’t have to 8.We ______ wear uniforms at school every day. It’s a rule. A. must B. have to C. mustn’t D. don’t have to 9.You ______ speak with your mouth full. It’s rude. A. must B. have to C. mustn’t D. don’t have to 10.You ______ come to the party if you are busy. A. mustn’t B. don’t have to C. have to D. must 三、句型转换 1.I must finish my homework first. (改为否定句) I ______ ______ my homework first. 2.She has to go to school by bus. (改为一般疑问句) ______ she ______ to go to school by bus? 3.You must keep quiet in the reading room. (改为否定句) You ______ ______ quiet in the reading room. 4.They don’t have to get up early on weekends. (改为肯定句) They ______ ______ get up early on weekends. 5.Must we hand in the report today? (作否定回答) ______, you ______. 四、句子翻译 1.我必须在周五上交我的书评。____________________________________ 2.你不能泄露故事的结局。____________________________________ 3.我不必喜欢这本书。____________________________________ 4.他必须检查他的拼写和语法。____________________________________ 5.你不必现在就离开。____________________________________ Keys 疑问词+to do 一、 1.how 2.what 3.whether 4.where/when 5.how 6.how 7.when 8.who/whom 9.which/how many 10.what 11.how/where/when 12.when 13.where 14.how 15.what 二、 1-5BABBA 6-10BBAAA 11-15BABBB 三、 1.what to do 2.how to get 3.where to go 4.when to hand in 5.which book to 6.who to ask 7.how to solve 8.how to use 9.when to leave 10.where to put 四、 1. I don’t know who to talk to about this problem. 2. Could you tell me how to use this machine? 3. She hasn’t decided when to leave. 4. The teacher taught us how to write English compositions. 5. We are discussing where to have a picnic. 6. He is not sure which book to choose. 7. Do you know how to get along with others? 8. They are discussing how many people to invite to the party. 9. I don’t know what to do to help him. 10. She forgot how to open the file. 情态动词have to/must 一、1.have to 2.mustn’t 3.must 4.don’t have to 5.must 6.mustn’t 7.has to 8.don’t have to 9.have to 10.mustn’t 二、1-5BABCB 6-10CBBCB 三、1.mustn’t finish 2.Does; have 3.mustn’t keep 4.have to 5.No; don’t have to 四、1.I have to hand in my book review on Friday. 2.You mustn’t give away the ending of the story. 3.I don’t have to love the book. 4.He must check his spelling and grammar. 5.You don’t have to leave now. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $