专题07 选词填空（期末复习专项训练）高二英语下学期沪外版

**基本信息** 聚焦高中英语期末选词填空，按“人与自我”“人与社会”“人与自然”三大主题分类，通过17篇语境化语篇考查词汇在真实情境中的运用，强化语言能力与文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |人与自我|6篇（如词汇演变、怀旧情绪）|11选10语境选词，侧重实词辨析|围绕个人经历、心理及成长主题，考查词汇在情感与逻辑语境中的适配| |人与社会|6篇（如文化展览、体育精神）|11选10语境选词，涉及社会现象|聚焦文化交流、社会问题等，强化跨文化理解与社会逻辑分析| |人与自然|5篇（如生态保护、动物行为）|11选10语境选词，含自然科学话题|围绕自然生态与环境议题，提升科学语境下的词汇运用与思维品质|

专题07 选词填空（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 人与自我（6篇） Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Not e that there is one word more than you need. A．estimate     B．universally    C． evolved    D．adopted    E. converted F. extended    G. fascinate    H. incredible    I. superior   J. footprint   K. cheer Words, words, words We use hundreds, maybe even thousands of different words every day. Many of them have been part of our vocabulary since early childhood, but the words that 1 us are the other ones, the ones that didn’t even exit a few years ago. As the world changes, the vocabulary that people use moves on too. In fact, experts 2 that at least 4,000 new English words are coined every year. Have you ever stopped to wonder where they come from and why they have the meanings that they do? It's no surprise that some of the new words come from another language, but you would be amazed to find out that Modern English, which has 3 from Old English, has taken about 80% of its vocabulary from other sources: mostly from French and Latin, but also from an 4 350 other languages. Some of these loanwords are used because there is no existing word in English to cover the meaning. In Britain, people now eat Chinese dim sum and the Greek dish kleftiko, and blow a South African vuvuzela to 5 on a football team. Other words are 6 even when there’s an existing English alternative, because the foreign word sounds 7 or more clever and elegant in some way. People think Italian coffee tastes better than the coffee traditionally drunk in Britain, so they often use the Italian word americano to order a black coffee in a café. Whenever we switch on a computer or mobile, we do things that were unheard of a few decades ago. Sometimes, the new language that we need for technology evolves by giving new meanings to old words. Hack used to mean cut or kick and this usage carries on today. But as the Internet developed, the use of the word was 8 to the metaphorical meaning “access someone else’s computer illegally”. This new meaning is now so 9 accepted that no one today thinks of it as a metaphor. There are also new compounds of existing words, for example. cloud computing (computer resources delivered over the Internet) and digital 10 (the record left on the Internet of all your online so activity). And then there are those useful things, prefixes. Instead of receiving an old-fashioned card bought in a shop and sent in the mail, you might now receive an e-card bought in an e-shop and sent by email. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海杨浦·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.   A．sense  B．dominate  C． ignore  D．emotional  E. trends  F. combined  G. motivation  H. bonding  I. associated  J. grateful  K. feature   Remember when ... Do you ever find yourself looking back on earlier times, remembering happy moments from the past? Nostalgia, the feeling 1 with remembering happiness in the past, is often described as bittersweet. It is bitter because you long for things that are no more but sweet as you enjoy remembering your past happiness. Some psychologists even distinguish positive nostalgia from negative nostalgia, depending on whether happy emotions or sad ones 2 a person’s experience.   In today’s culture, expressions of nostalgia are becoming common. People share old social media posts remembering the good old days. They buy products made years ago from secondhand stores and enjoy media that reminds them of their childhoods. Taking note of these 3 companies are offering products like those of earlier decades. Social media platforms offer filters that can make pictures look like old photographs. Some restaurants are even putting together menus that 4 some dishes from the 1970s. And the fact that people are buying all these products shows that those people want to experience nostalgia.   This desire for nostalgia makes a lot of 5 because this feeling has psychological benefits. It can improve a person’s mood and self-esteem (自我价值感), sometimes helping people handle difficult transitions in life. It can also help people connect with others as they share memories.   But nostalgia can also lead to 6 problems. Focusing on the past can make people less satisfied with the present and make it harder to find 7 to improve their current situation. Nostalgia can also lead people to view earlier stages of life with rose-colored glasses. They may forget about or 8 past hardships, thinking only about the positive side of things.   How can you find a balance, remembering the past without letting it interfere with the present? Start by making a conscious effort to recognize and be 9 for the positives in your current situation. While remembering the past, focus on lessons you’ve learned and ways you’ve grown and changed over the years. And share these memories with others to deepen relationships by learning more about each other or 10 over shared experiences.   Nostalgia can bring many benefits to individuals and to communities, but we all must remain cautious of its potential downsides. Passage 3 （23-24高二下·上海·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.Note that there one word more than you need. A．avoid       B．diligent      C． flexible     D．guidance      E. imagination F. independent G. initiative  H. prospects     I. pursue       J. ruin          K. unrealistic Why don’t you get a proper job? Today’s 14-and 15-year-olds are ambitious. They are optimistic about their 1 , but their career ideas are rather vague. A job for life is not in their vocabulary; neither is a dead-end but secure job that is boring but pays the bills. Almost half the boys surveyed expected that their hobbies would lead them into the right sort of job, while most girls seemed determined to 2 traditionally female careers such as nursing. In the past, this might have counted as bad news. But the world has changed. The global economy is not kind to yesterday’s 3 and dependable worker. The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the 4 . This means that a 14-year-old who sees her working future as a kind of adventure, to be made up as she goes along, is not necessarily being 5 . However, she has to have the training and 6 to help her develop the right skills for today’s market; not the rigid (死板的) preparation for a workplace that disappeared 20 years ago. So what is to be done? A good first step would be to change the way in which schools prepare young people for adult life. The education system is becoming less 7 and more obsessed (无法摆脱) with traditional skills at just the time that the employment market is going in the opposite direction. Accurate, up-to-date information on new jobs and qualifications can help guidance counsellors to help their students. Young people need solid information on the sort of training they need to 8 the career of their dreams. Also, a little bit of encouragement can go a long way. What, then, can we as parents do to help them? The best thing is to forget all the advice that our parents gave us, and step into our teenager’s shoes. Once we’ve done that, it’s easier to see how important it is that they learn how to be 9 and resourceful. Give them the courage to follow their dreams—however odd they might sound right now. In a world that offers economic security to almost no one, 10 is a terrible thing to waste. Passage 4 （25-26高二下·上海松江·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．resistant     B．concentrating     C． recognition     D．resembling    E. essential F. distinct     G. revealed     H. approach     I. appreciate     J. creativity     K. viewed In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on developing stronger science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curriculum (课程) and programs, as these disciplines are widely 1 as the means to help innovation and support national economies. This trend reflects a shift in how school disciplines are being looked at; schools are 2 on subject that have traditionally been isolated from each other-science, mathematics, and art — in favor of deeper, interdisciplinary learning. K-12 education leaders are pioneering new methods for combining the arts with STEM activities, 3 the ways in which subjects naturally connect in the real world. While this new movement is being discussed almost clearly and directly in an education context, its roots are planted across nearly every industry. In many ways, technology is the connective tissue. Similarly, engineering new transportation technologies requires artful design. The growing 4 of the important unions between different skills is paving the way for STEAM in schools. Some doubts of this movement have dismissed 5 as a mere fashion driven by artists who are concerned their profession is losing critical support in an increasingly technology-focused society. However, the Hilburn Academy argues that STEAM is not just a contemporary program of learning, but an important life philosophy — 6 for higher education and career success. Schools should provide students plentiful opportunities to 7 the complexities and complicated layers that indicate concrete knowledge. Early examples of STEAM learning include teaching students how mathematical concepts such as geometry (几何学) are rooted in artworks. While the rise of STEAM learning is relatively new, there are already figures that prove the integration of these seemingly 8 disciplines is supporting student performance at school. A study conducted by the University of Florida 9 that students who are engaged in music class do better in math. For example, female high school students enrolled in music appreciation class scored 42points higher on the math section of their SATs. Formal experience with the arts is proven to cultivate innovative thinking, adaptability and other problem-solving skills that are necessary for mastering STEM abilities. in other words, 10 is a pioneer for students to understand, use, and apply technologies in new ways. Passage 5 （25-26高二下·上海徐汇·阶段检测）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．spot     B．call on    C． thunderous    D．fury     E. cautiously    F. delight G. explosion   H. handful    I. disturbingly    J. immensely    K. collapse The silence of the late afternoon was absolute. I was hiking along a familiar trail in the mountains, enjoying the rare solitude. Then, without warning, it was shattered. A(n) 1 crack ripped through the air, not from the sky, but from the earth itself. The sound was so powerful that it felt less like a noise but more like a physical force pressing against my chest. I froze, my heart pounding against my ribs. For a terrifying second, I thought it was a(n) 2 . My mind raced through impossible scenarios — a hidden military exercise, a meteor strike. The ground beneath my feet trembled, and a cloud of dust rose from further up the ridge, staining the clear blue sky. The initial shock was so immense that it took me a moment to process what my eyes were seeing: a section of the old cliff face was beginning to 3 . Rocks, some the size of cars, broke away and tumbled down the mountainside in a deadly avalanche. The sight was horrifying. I was too far away to be in danger, but close enough to feel the raw, destructive power of nature. It was a stark reminder of how suddenly the world can change. After what felt like a century, the rumbling stopped, and a terrible quietness returned, 4 different from the peace that had existed just minutes before. As the dust began to settle, I realized I was probably the only person who had witnessed this event. I was, in a very literal sense, on the   5 . My first instinct was to check my phone. Miraculously, I had a single bar of signal. I knew I had to report what I had seen. It took a   6 of attempts — perhaps five or six — before the call finally went through to the park ranger station. My voice shook as I described the location and the scale of the rockfall. The ranger on the other end remained calm and professional. He assured me that the area was remote and that no hikers were likely to have been in that specific zone. He thanked me for the report, saying it would help them 7 visitors to avoid the area until it could be assessed for safety. Knowing that my quick action might prevent an accident was a small comfort. Hanging up, I felt the adrenaline (肾上腺素) slowly drain from my body, leaving me feeling weak but 8 grateful. Grateful for the safe distance, for the faint signal, and for the perspective the experience had given me. As I made my way back down the trail, I thought about how this moment of chaos would eventually become a story that would 9 my friends and family. The sheer improbability of it all — being in the right (or wrong) place at the perfect time — was something I would never forget. What began as a terrifying encounter with nature’s 10 would, in time, become an unforgettable tale of survival and gratitude. Passage 6 （25-26高二上·上海嘉定·阶段检测）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．imaged  B．lengthened  C． equivalent  D．treated E. indicator  F. mechanism  G. effectiveness  H. remarkably I. postpone  J. ultimately  K. exceed Low-cost diabetes drug slows ageing in male monkeys and is particularly effective at delaying the effects of ageing on the brain, finds a small study that tracked the animals for more than three years. The results raise the possibility that the widely used medication, metformin (二甲双胍), could one day be used to 1 ageing in humans. Metformin has been used for more than 60 years to lower blood-sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes—and is the second most-prescribed medication in the United States. The drug has long been known to have effects beyond treating diabetes, leading researchers to study it against conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and ageing. Data from worms, rodents, flies and people who have taken the drug for diabetes suggest the drug might have anti-ageing effects. But its 2 against ageing had not been tested directly in primates, and it is unclear whether its potential anti-ageing effects are achieved by lowering blood sugar or through a separate 3 . This led Guanghui Liu, a biologist who studies ageing at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, and his colleagues to test the drug on 12 elderly male cynomolgus macaques (食蟹猴); another 16 elderly monkeys and 18 young or middle-aged animals served as a control group. Every day, 4 monkeys received the standard dose of metformin that is used to control diabetes in humans. The animals took the drug for 40 months, 5 to about 13 years for humans. Over the course of the study, Liu and his colleagues took samples from 79 types of the monkeys’ tissues and organs, 6 the animals’ brains and performed routine physical examinations. By analyzing the cellular activity in the samples, the researchers were able to create a computational model to determine the tissues’ “biological age”, which can lag behind or 7 the animals’ age in years since birth. The researchers observed that the drug slowed the biological ageing of many tissues, including from the lung, kidney, liver, skin and the brain’s frontal lobe. They also found that it suppressed chronic inflammation, a key 8 of ageing. The study was not intended to see whether the drug extended the animals’ lifespans; previous research has not established an impact on lifespan but has shown 9 health span— the number of years an organism lives in good health. This means that metformin can“ 10 rewind organ age” in monkeys, Liu says. The authors also identified a potential pathway by which the drug protects the brain; it activates a protein called NRF 2, which safeguards against cellular damage triggered by injury and inflammation. 语篇类型二: 人与社会（6篇） Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海黄浦·期末）Directions: Complete the following paragraphs by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．soil     B．practices     C． underscored     D．order E. themed     F. staged     G. anticipating     H. immersive I. boasts     J. solidifying     K. context Shanghai Unveils Pharaohs’ Glory The Shanghai Museum transformed into a gateway to the Nile Valley today as the monumental exhibition, “Top of the Pyramid: Ancient Egyptian Civilization”, officially opened its doors. Praised as the largest and most significant display of Egyptian antiquities ever 1 in China, the exhibition promises an unprecedented journey through 4,000 years of Pharaonic splendor, diplomacy, and enduring mystery. The grand opening ceremony resonated with a sense of historic occasion. Dignitaries, including high-level representatives from Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities and Chinese cultural leaders, 2 the exhibition’s role as a peak of Sino-Egyptian cultural exchange. The presence of artifacts, many leaving Egyptian 3 for the first time, granted the event profound significance. The exhibition 4 a stunning 788 carefully selected artifacts sourced directly from seven premier Egyptian institutions. This collection transcends the typical; it features national treasures of the highest 5 . These masterpieces of ancient artistry, rarely seen outside Egypt offer an intimate glimpse into royal burial 6 and beliefs in the afterlife. “This exhibition represents far more than a display of antiquities.” stated Dr. Ahmed El-Damaty, a senior advisor from the Egyptian delegation, during the opening. “It is a profound dialogue between two of the world’s oldest continuous civilizations.” The exhibition is widely seen as a major soft power initiative, strengthening cultural ties between Egypt and China, particularly within the 7 of the Belt and Road framework. Anticipation in Shanghai has been building for months. “Egyptomania” is tangible, with 8 events, lectures, and merchandise appearing across the city. The Shanghai Museum has prepared extensively, creating 9 environments with dramatic lighting, contextual projections, and replicas of tomb interiors to enhance the visitor experience while ensuring state-of-the-art security and climate control for the priceless artifacts. “Top of the Pyramid” is not just an exhibition; it’s a monumental cultural event, placing the pinnacle of ancient Egyptian achievement firmly within reach of the Chinese public and 10 Shanghai’s status as a global hub for world-class cultural exchange. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期末）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．vulnerability   B．motivation   C． undergoing   D．integrity   E. rejected F. upsetting   G. extend   H. invade   I. justified   J. contributing   K. arisen Sportsmanship Isn’t Just for Athletes Sportsmanship is defined as fair, generous and polite behaviour or treatment of others, especially in sports. At its heart, it reflects a commitment to fair play and goodwill toward an opponent. But this spirit should not be restricted to the sporting stadium. It should 1 to everyone involved, especially those watching and cheering from the stands. In recent years, the idolization (崇拜)of athletes has 2 dramatically among young people in China. However, some fans have gone too far, 3 to the “fan circle” culture. This fanatical support creates an ugly, competitively unfair environment, damaging the spirit of sportsmanship. A clear example was seen at the recent table tennis Asian Cup, where some fans even 4 shouting abusively at the opponent of the athlete they supported. Sports are meant to promote unity and inspiration, not hostility or personal attacks. What’s worse, athletes are 5 wild treatment beyond stadiums and courts as well. Some fans follow athletes through airports, crowd them at hotels, and ignore their privacy entirely. This not only creates safety risks but also causes genuine emotional 6 . Online, things can get even uglier, with some fans attacking rival athletes and their supporters. These fans are missing the point. Rather than fixate on rivalry or 7 their lives, we should celebrate the qualities that make athletes great. They go through hard training, endure 8 injuries, and make countless sacrifices to achieve their dreams. What is truly inspiring is not their fame but their dedication, resilience and discipline. True champions display respect for opponents, handle victories with humility, and accept defeat with grace. For example, tennis legend Roger Federer is beloved not just for his exceptional skills but also for his 9 on and off the court. Chinese athletes, like Ma Long, have also set examples by showing deep respect for their competitors. Their conduct reminds us that we can love the competition itself, cheering for our athletes with pride. All these values including the hard work behind the glory, and the respect transcending (超越) rivalry are the very essence of true sportsmanship. Athletes’ journeys remind us that success is built through effort, setbacks and determination. By celebrating their character, not just victories, we can transform admiration into 10 , not obsession. Passage 3 （25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．successfully  B．distinct    C． established   D．evaluated    E. consumed   F. complications   G. navigation  H. recreate  I. purposely  J. comprehend   K. reflective   The Lighthouse of Alexandria The Lighthouse of Alexandria is often referred to as “The Pharos of Alexandria”. For as long as historical buildings have been   1 , the Lighthouse of Alexandria is considered to have been one of the top three tallest structures in the world. It is preceded by the two pyramids identified as “Khufu” and “Khafra”. During the years of 956, 1303, and 1323, the immense structure received damage as a result of earthquakes that occurred in the area. The citizens of the time used a mixture of fire and 2 mirror like material in order to provide the lighting needed by ships to discover the port. Claims indicate that the light was so immense that ships as far out to sea as 35 miles could see the   3 light coming from the mysterious lighthouse. There are also legends that the fire emitted from the port was so protective that ships that contained enemies would be 4 at sea so that they would not reach the shores where the lighthouse stood. In the year of 1183, a traveler by the name of Ibn Jubayr observed the Lighthouse of Alexandria and made the following observation: “Description of it falls short, the eyes fail to 5 it, and words are inadequate, so vast is the spectacle...” In the year of 1994, scuba divers that specialize in archaeology searched the water near where the magnificent structure stood. They were able to 6 discover many different pieces of block and other construction materials. It is a mystery as to why the structure finally collapsed into the Mediterranean Sea. It has been 7 that the fall likely occurred in the year of 1326. There are many theories about the final collapse, but many agree that the earthquakes of the area probably resulted in the 8 . There are many other theories that indicate the structure may have been 9 destroyed due to rumors that there were great treasures buried underneath the structure. It is believed that a man identified as the “Caliph at Cairo” was told of a rumor from a neighboring port that extremely valuable treasures were under the building in order to eliminate the port as a   10 system into the area. While this is just a legend, could it have been what led to the fall of the Lighthouse of Alexandria? This remains to be one of the greatest unsolved mysteries of the world. Passage 4 （25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．estimated   B．feasible   C． localized   D．striking   E. category   F. avenues G. endeavor   H. festive   I. exceeding   J. magnifier   K. partnering Blockbuster movies shaping cultural exchange Zootopia 2 has become the highest-grossing (票房最高的) imported film in Chinese box office history, earning more than 4.25 billion yuan. What proved even more 1 , however, was the craze beyond the theater. Cashing in on the excitement of the film’s release, more than 60 domestic brands reportedly launched co-branded products, spanning, designer toys, coffee, snacks, cosmetics, mobile games and even automobiles. Nearly every major consumer 2 was covered. Similarly, the domestic IP Ne Zha 2 saw its post-film merchandise gain momentum over nearly a year, 3 with more than 23 brands across sectors such as child care, digital products, food and beverages and collectible toys. By incorporating traditional Chinese cultural elements during festivals such as the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Dragon Boat Festival, the franchise (系列电影) achieved a(n) 4 total commercial value of 30 to 35 billion yuan. In the past, film revenues relied mainly on box office and copyright sales. Today, the post-film industry has become a powerful 5 of IP value. Data show that for mature film IPs, post-film products can account for over 60 percent of total revenue, far 6 box office earnings. The rapid growth of the post-film industry has also opened new 7 for cultural exchange between China and the rest of the world. High-quality foreign IP s and their post-film products are allowing audiences in China to experience the appeal of different cultures beyond the screen. Hollywood has actively adapted its IP strategies to the Chinese market. Zootopia 2, for instance, was released during the Year of the Snake and promoted a key character, Gary the snake, whose name was humorously 8 for Chinese audiences. Shanghai Disneyland adjusted the operation of its Zootopia zone in sync with the film’s promotion, creating 9 experiences tailored to the Year of the Snake. As international film exchanges deepen, Chinese cinema must continue to learn from global experience while confidently sharing its own cultural narratives. At the heart of this 10 lies sincere storytelling. Only by telling stories that genuinely resonate can IP value remain vibrant. Passage 5 （25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．addiction    B．boom  C． consequently  D．drain   E. police    F. replacing   G. rushing     H. steady    I. steer    J. tragically    K. vulnerable Meet the real screen addicts: the elderly As ownership of digital devices becomes more common, older people’s screen time is growing. Instead of 1 time spent on other media, phones and tablets seem to be adding to the daily total. Over the past decade, TV and radio consumption among people in their 50s and 60s has held 2 , while time spent on social media, gaming and audio streaming have all increased. Ofcom has found that combining TV and smart devices, those of retirement age clock up more daily screen time than do young adults. Older people face some online risks that other 3 groups do not. Unlike most teenagers, their phones and tablets are often linked to their bank accounts. In-app purchasing within games — so-called trophies and the like — can 4 wallets. So can fraudsters (骗子), who are able to contact and rob their victims within the same app. “In poor countries especially, older people have embraced WhatsApp for everything,” says Dr Vahia, “which is also the platform of choice for fraudsters as a result.” The elderly also lack the social guardrails that regulate teenagers’ screen time. During the day teachers 5 teens’ phone usage, while parents do the nagging (唠叨) in the evening. By contrast, elderly people are their own bosses; they may not have someone to 6 them towards help if they need it. “ 7 , with older people, sometimes there is simply no one around, or if then no one really notices what they’re up to on their computer,” says Henrietta Bowden-Jones. Elderly people are much less likely than the young to complain to their doctor of phone 8 , says Dr Vahia. But in some cases, screen time is what lies behind other, more obvious problems in older patients, he says. For instance, alarming and misleading news may be a particular threat to the elderly, who are twice as likely as under-25s to use news apps or websites. Yet a 9 in screen time among the elderly is by no means all bad. Professor Bowden-Jones believes that for people forced to stay at home, because they feel unable to get out or because they can no longer drive, the ability to follow pursuits online “is just so wonderfully invigorating”. Messaging apps bring family closer. Gaming passes the time. Spotify and YouTube are nostalgia machines that bring childhood music and video 10 back. Passage 6 （25-26高二下·上海黄浦·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．address    B．yield    C． marked    D．initially    E. potential    F. produce G. intense    H. sound    I. feature    J. harbored    K. virtually The Rise of Urban Vertical Gardening For many years, city centers have been seen as “concrete jungles,” where tall buildings covered the sky and nature was limited to small parks far away. However, by early 2026, the global urban planning plan is rapidly changing this story to fight the worsening climate problems. The landscape of modern cities is currently undergoing a(n) 1 change as scientists and architects work together to reduce the urban heat effect, a problem that has long troubled people living in big cities with very hot summer temperatures. This shift shows a change from treating green plants as simple decorations to making them a working part of building design. In many modern districts, the plain grey concrete that once covered rooftops has 2 disappeared, replaced by green vertical farms that grow on the sides of glass buildings. These gardens 3 multiple ecological roles, serving not only to provide a local source of food but also to collect used water and significantly lower the surrounding temperatures. They effectively work as a “living skin” for the city, absorbing sunlight and reducing the 4 heat trapped in narrow streets, creating a cooler and more comfortable urban environment. In the early stages of development, many urban planners and experts 5 doubts about the high costs and technical problems that these green structures were intended to 6 . People worried whether the watering systems could work well in extreme weather or if the added weight of wet soil would damage the foundations of old buildings. However, clear data collected over the past year has shown that these vertical gardens are far more 7 than people expected. They have proven to be very strong, providing a high 8 of organic food even during periods of unexpected dry weather or transport problems. The 9 for reducing a city’s carbon footprint through this method is great, especially when used with clean energy. Besides storing carbon, these green areas help birds and insects find a home in the city. Despite the great benefits of having high-quality 10 grown just a few floors away, some developers still don’t want to make the change because they are worried about money in the short term. Nevertheless, experts argue that functional green space must be treated as a necessity rather than a luxury. 语篇类型三: 人与自然（5篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二下·上海·阶段检测）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．advocacy  B．effectively  C． endangered  D．identified  E. mirror F. polarizing  G. promise  H. promoting  I. surfacing  J. slightly  K. generated Rewriting the Relationship Between Elephant and Keeper In 2019, before Covid-19 damaged international tourism, Thailand was the eighth-most-visited country in the world. Its 39.8 million international visitors 1 20% of the country’s GDP. Elephants are Thailand’s biggest attraction: The World Animal Protection Agency estimates that, before the pandemic, elephant tourism brought in an income of $581-770 million USD every year. The boom of elephant tourism has been accompanied by criticism, with reports 2 of animal abuse and a lack of government regulation. Since the 2000s, 3 for better elephant welfare has been raised by animal rights groups such as Lek Chailer t of Elephant Nature Park. In response to the criticism, the Thai government passed its first animal welfare act in 2014, and 4 ceased the illegal capture of wild elephants. Tourism companies stopped 5 elephant rides and shows. Instead, they began to advertise “ethical” elephant experiences and 6 “no hook, no chain, no riding.” The debate around elephant tourism is deeply 7 , setting elephant welfare against Thai tradition. Thai laws 8 this duality (双重性), governing its wild and caged elephants as if they were entirely different creatures. Wild elephants are treated as a(n) 9 species and have lived in Thailand’s national parks protected by strict conservation laws since 1921. Its caged elephants, on the other hand, are working animals, governed by the department in charge of livestock. Even though Thailand has more captive elephants than anywhere else in Asia, today, the country’s 3,837 captive elephants only 10 outnumber the wild ones, caught as they are between a fading tradition and a booming industry. Ensuring elephant welfare isn’t as simple as setting all of them free. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海徐汇·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．survived   B．interaction   C． shrinking   D．lessons    E. evidence   F. habitats G. ultimately   H. temporarily   I. extinction   J. factor    K. existing New research reveals that some of South America’s largest prehistoric animals, including saber toothed cats and giant sloths (树懒) weighing over 4 tons, survived much longer than scientists previously believed — some until just 3,500 years ago. This discovery challenges 1 theories about what caused their extinction. For decades, researchers thought these “megafauna” (大型动物) died out around 11,700 years ago, when Earth’s climate warmed (the start of the Holocene period), and humans spread across the Americas. However, a Brazilian research team has found 2 that many species persisted for thousands of years after human arrival. Using radiocarbon dating on fossils from eight species, including the massive sloth Eremotherium laurillardi and saber-toothed cat Smilodon popular, scientists discovered most 3 until 6,000-8,000 years ago. Two species — a giant llama (美洲驼) (Palaeolama major) and a camel-like creature (Xenorhinotherium bahiense) — lasted until 3,500 years ago, making them the continent’s last surviving megafauna. The team argues that environmental changes, not human hunting, were the main cause of 4 . As the Holocene (全新世) climate transformed South America’s landscapes — 5 grasslands and expanding forests — these large animals lost their 6 . “While humans may have contributed, habitat loss was the primary 7 ,” says lead researcher Fábio Cortes. Other experts disagree. Jens-Christian Svenning suggests growing human populations 8 caused the extinctions, though he acknowledges climate played a role. Suresh Singh notes the complex 9 between human activity and environmental change likely sealed the megafauna’s fate. This debate continues as scientists re-examine why Earth’s largest creatures disappeared — with important 10 for modern conservation efforts. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．unrecognized B．consequently C．fiction D．advanced E．historically F．understanding G．identify H．picture I．unaffected J．long-standing K．breakthroughs A New Dark Age Possibility Imagine a future in which humanity’s wisdom about Earth — our vast experience with weather trends, fish migration patterns and much more — turns out-of-date. Civilization enters a dark age in its 1 of our planet. To comprehend, how this could occur, 2 yourself in our grandchildren’s time. Significant global warming has occurred, as scientists predicted. Nature’s 3 patterns — relied on for millennia by humanity to plan everything — are no longer so reliable. Cycles that have been largely repeatable are disrupted (打乱) by dramatic climate changes. As Earth’s warming becomes stable, new patterns begin to appear. At first, they are hard to 4 These new patterns need many years — sometimes decades — to reveal themselves fully. Until then, farmers will struggle to predict new seasonal patterns and regularly plant wrong crops. Early signs of major disasters will go 5 . Disruptive impacts will be widespread. Such a dark age is a growing possibility. In a recent report, scientists concluded that human-caused global warming was already changing patterns of some extreme weather events. Our foundation of Earth knowledge, largely obtained from 6 observed patterns, has been central to society’s progress. Early cultures kept track of nature’s ebb and flow (起伏盛衰), passing improved knowledge about Earth to each new generation. Science has sped up this process through 7 observation methods. However, as Earth warms, our historical understanding will turn out-of-date faster than we can replace it with new knowledge. Some patterns will change significantly; others will be largely 8 though it will be difficult to say what will change, by how much, and when. Without big scientific 9 , we will remain reliant on pattern-based methods. The problem is, these patterns will become increasingly difficult to track. Predicting extreme weather may become even tougher than it is today. We 10 will face huge challenges. Our grandchildren could grow up knowing less about the planet than we do today. This is not what we want to leave them, yet we are on the edge of ensuring this happens. Passage 4 （25-26高三下·上海·阶段检测）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．anchoring    B．chorus    C． cooperative    D．documenting    E. enhance    F. essentially G. host    H. randomly    I. recognizable    J. shoots    K. vocabulary Distant Diplomacy When danger approaches, many creatures seem to follow the ancient proverb that “the enemy of my enemy is my friend.” Researchers have recently been finding subtle ways that animals communicate with other species in this kind of 1 defense treaty. For example, Nature Ecology & Evolution carries a recent study 2 more than 20 bird species on four continents that emit virtually identical “whining (哀鸣)” calls when they spot brood parasites (寄生繁殖) such as cuckoos. “That call is 3 the word for ‘cuckoo,’” says study co-lead author James Kennerley at Cornell University. “And it’s recruiting individuals to come together against this common enemy.” Brood parasites lay eggs in other birds’ nests, manipulating the 4 parents into raising their chicks for them. At a field site in Australia, Kennerley has witnessed individuals from a dozen or more species attack a cuckoo in response to whining calls in 5 . These mobs can be so aggressive that Kennerley needs to cage the specimen used in their experiments to protect it. Otherwise the attacking birds would have “just completely torn it to pieces,” Kennerley says. Many birds also share a common 6 for predators. Research by wildlife ecologist Erick Greene shows that various songbirds produce 7 “seet” calls to warn of a raptor (猛禽) in flight. The calls are too high-pitched for raptors to hear well, so the predators remain unaware as information about their arrival 8 through the forest. If the raptor settles, songbirds switch to “mobbing” calls, a distinct sound that, as Greene puts it, “draws in the troops to drive that raptor off.” Defense is not the only reason for cross-species communication. Among other things, it may help birds migrate and 9 food intake. A recent study found that when seabirds with good vision search for food with seabirds with strong senses of smell, they both have far greater success at catching krill. Unlike with the seet and whining calls, however, it’s unclear whether they’re deliberately signaling to one another or “just 10 following other birds,” says study lead author Jesse Granger, a biophysicist at Duke University. But clearly, “very complex multispecies communication networks are pervasive,” Greene says. “It really benefits animals to pay attention to one another.” Passage 5 （25-26高二上·上海崇明·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．bodies  B．contributions  C． endangered  D．generously  E. independently F. inferior  G. partnership H. persuaded  I. productive  J. regenerate  K. shaded When Joe Gray cleared a patch of woodland on his Essex farm, he noticed that an abandoned farm pond sprang back to life after being exposed to sunlight. “It was a hole in the woods with some leaves in it. We didn’t think of it as a pond,” he said. Since then, he and his wife, Emma, have restored 11 “zombie” ponds on their 450-hectare farm. They have also 1 neighboring farmers to restore 80 ponds within a three-mile radius near Braintree. Ponds that were dried up or 2 have been opened to sunlight and dug out. They are now filled with rare aquatic plants, dragonflies, and great-crested newts, while providing food and water for birds and bats. “It’s ideal for farmers,” said Emma Gray. “You spend a little and get a lot of biodiversity benefits in a(n) 3 area for farming. You’re not taking 4 land out, but quickly build up a network for species to hop across a landscape.” This effort has been driven by the Essex Lost Ponds Project, a(n) 5 between Essex Wildlife Trust and the RSPB．Volunteers have identified 17,200 ponds across the county, of which 10,400 have disappeared due to agricultural intensification in the 20th century. The Lost Ponds Project offers farmers free surveys identifying ghost or zombie ponds that can be restored along with funding opportunities, including 6 from house-builders. The Farming Wildlife and Advisory Group East also helps farmers access restoration funds. Some farmers are restoring ponds 7 . At Faulkbourne estate, six of 49 old ponds have been revived without funding. “Our farmers are very supportive of wildlife,” said Darren Tansley of Essex Wildlife Trust. “For conservation 8 , farmers, and citizen scientists to work together on this does us all some good.” Restored ponds benefit turtle doves, one of Britain’s most 9 birds, by providing fresh water near nesting sites. Other wildlife also flourishes. “It’s stepping stones for water voles,” said Tansley. “If you’ve got a seedbed in an old pond, you can 10 plants that haven’t grown there for 150 years.” Passage 1 （25-26高三下·上海·阶段检测）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．bond    B．boundaries    C． channel    D．constructed    E. existed    F. gradually G. relatable    H. reserved    I. personally    J. stood    K. visibility A Dangerous Relationship At nine, I formed an intense, entirely imaginary attachment to Mickey Dolenz of The Monkees, a 1960s TV-created pop band. He had long left the spotlight and, of course, didn’t know I 1 . Still, I drifted into a dream whenever Pleasant Valley Sunday played. Looking back, I now understand that The Monkees were a carefully 2 media product. Yet their success lay in how convincingly they created a sense of personal connection. On television, they broke the usual 3 , addressing viewers directly with playful glances. In interviews, they shared stories that felt personal and natural. By appearing open and slightly weak, they encouraged audiences to feel they truly knew them. This kind of one-sided emotional 4 , described as a “parasocial relationship,” is far from new. While working on an episode of Digital Human for BBC Radio 4, I came across earlier examples. One was Lonesome Gal, a radio voice from the mid-20th century who spoke gently to listeners. Her opening lines suggested exclusive devotion, creating the impression that each listener was 5 addressed. For many, she became a kind of imagined companion. Inevitably, such emotional closeness also provided a(n) 6 for persuasion — and for selling products. In today’s digital world, these relationships are everywhere — and often built on purpose. To attract attention, creators present themselves as open and 7 , encouraging followers to feel a personal connection. This works at first, especially when interaction still feels direct. However, as audiences grow, this model begins to fail. It is possible to reply to a few individuals, but not to thousands. As a result, what once felt like a genuine exchange 8 shifts into something less personal. Even so, the audience’s sense of connection remains. People continue to believe they know the person behind the screen, even when the interaction is limited. For creators, this creates a tension between 9 and privacy: they must stay engaging while protecting their own space. Unlike earlier forms of media, where agents or producers 10 in between, today’s online figures often face their audiences directly. And when relationships break down, there is rarely anyone to step in and manage the consequences. Passage 2 （25-26高三下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．identifying  B．exploiting  C． interventions  D．biologically  E. statistically  F. randomized   G. linked  H. regulating    I. trial   J. average  K. clinical New Research Links Daily Multivitamins to Slower Biological Aging Epigenetic (后成的；外遗传的) clocks estimate biological aging based on tiny changes in our DNA．These clocks look at specific sites in our DNA 1 gene expression and change naturally as we get older, helping track with mortality and the pace of aging. “There is a lot of interest today in 2 ways to not just live longer, but to live better,” said Dr. Howard Sesso, a researcher at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. “It was exciting to see benefits of a multivitamin 3 with markers of biological aging. This study opens the door to learning more aboutaccessible, safe 4 that contribute to healthier, higher-quality aging.” For their research, Dr. Sesso and his colleagues used data from the well-established Cocoa Supplement Multivitamins Outcomes Study (COSMOS). They analyzed DNA methylation data from blood samples of 98 randomly selected healthy participants with a(n) 5 chronological age of 70. The participants were 6 to take a daily cocoa extract and multivitamin; daily cocoa extract and placebo; placebo and multivitamin; or placebos only. Samples were analyzed for changes in five epigenetic clocks from the start of the 7 and at the end of the first and second years. Compared to the placebo only group, people in the multivitamin group had slowing in all five epigenetic clocks, including 8 clocks that are predictive of mortality. The changes equated to about four months less biological aging over the course of two years. Additionally, people who were 9 older than their actual age at the start of the trial benefited the most. “We plan to do follow-up research to determine if the slowing of biological aging — observed through these five epigenetic clocks, and additional or new ones — persists after the trial ends,” said Dr. Yanbin Dong, a researcher at Augusta University. “A lot of people take a multivitamin without necessarily knowing any benefits from taking it, so the more we can learn about its potential health benefits, the better,” Dr. Sesso added. “Within COSMOS, we are fortunate and excited to build upon a rich resource of biomarker data to test how two interventions may improve biological aging and reduce age-related 10 outcomes.” Passage 3 （2026·上海浦东新·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．balance  B．breathing  C． expanding  D．figure  E. labeled  F. meeting  G. precision  H. skilled  I. transition  J. unexpected  K. unfolded China’s first robot Peking Opera has drawn attention for its costumes, classic pieces, and the team-up between a fully made-up robot and a human performer. Videos from the first show of Farewell My Concubine (《霸王别姬》) show “Scholar 01,” China’s first robot doctoral student, stepping onstage. Dressed as the historical 1 Xiang Yu, the robot moves, raises its arms, and shifts its eyes to the beat of music, performing alongside Wu Xiaofeng, a Peking Opera major. Those videos triggered widespread discussion. For some audience, the performance was “full of futuristic charm,” an inventive 2 of traditional opera and cutting-edge technology. Others questioned whether a machine, however 3 , could truly belong on a stage for which human performers have spent their whole lives training. Yet what 4 on stage touched something deeper than the novelty of a robot in face paint. The interaction of human breath and machine code suggested a(n) 5 possibility: That technology might extend beyond the languages of traditional operas. The robot’s 6 added a strange clarity to the unique movements that have defined Peking Opera for centuries. Wen Mu, the director of the performance, stated it aimed to offer a glimpse of what a data-driven interpretation of the form could look like. One that can be repeated, fine-tuned and built upon in ways no human body would tolerate. And beyond the mechanics, the integration of robotics and Peking Opera is 7 new life into the ancient art, drawing in youngsters. After the performance, teenagers who had never watched a full traditional opera suddenly found themselves discussing face-painting styles. Whatever one makes of the aesthetics (审美), it is clear that the production succeeded in 8 the conversation around Peking Opera. A robot dressed as Xiang Yu does offer younger and global audiences an accessible doorway into a dense, centuries-old tradition. For a cultural form that is so often 9 “too distant,” this is no small achievement. And perhaps that is where the Shanghai experiment lands most thoughtfully as a reminder that the future of an ancient art depends on how carefully its devoted protectors 10 progress and preservation. Robotics can enrich the stage, but it should not replace the human instinct and emotional intelligence on which Peking Opera’s survival depends. Passage 4 （2026·上海·二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. ‘Hidden’ group of gut bacteria may be essential to good health A．vital      B．identify     C． compound     D．interact    E. digest     F. annually G. diverse    H. defence     I. recently       J. function     K. host The human gut is home to a(n) 1 community of bacteria, often called the gut microbiome, and these tiny organisms play a huge role in keeping our bodies healthy. For years, scientists have known that gut bacteria help to 2 food and absorb nutrients, but new research is uncovering far more complex roles for them in the human body. Luckily, 3 a team of international scientists has managed to 4 a previously hidden group of gut bacteria that produces special 5 . These substances help the body’s immune system build a strong 6 against harmful viruses and bacteria, according to the study published in a top science journal. Each human 7 has a unique gut microbiome, and the balance of bacteria in the gut is closely linked to overall health. Even a small change in this balance may lead to mild physical discomfort or serious diseases. The hidden bacteria 8 with other gut microbes and human cells in a delicate way, and any disruption to this balance can affect the normal 9 of the immune system and even lead to chronic diseases. Scientists have found that this delicate interaction is hard to rebuild once it is broken. Scientists say these hidden gut bacteria are 10 to human health, and further research will help us understand how to protect and support them. It is hoped that one day, we can use this knowledge to develop new ways to keep the gut microbiome healthy, rather than just dealing with diseases after they appear. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 选词填空（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 人与自我（6篇） Passage 1 答案：1.G 2.A 3.C 4.H 5.K 6.D 7.I 8.F 9.B 10.J Passage 2 答案：1.I 2.B 3.E 4.K 5.A 6.D 7.G 8.C 9.J 10.H Passage 3 答案：1.H 2.A 3.B 4.G 5.K 6.D 7.C 8.I 9.F 10.E Passage 4 答案：1.K 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.H 6.E 7.I 8.F 9.G 10.J Passage 5 答案：1.C 2.G 3.K 4.I 5.A 6.H 7.B 8.J 9.F 10.D Passage 6 答案：1.I 2.G 3.F 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.K 8.E 9.B 10.H 语篇类型二: 人与社会（6篇） Passage 1 答案：1.F 2.C 3.A 4.I 5.D 6.B 7.K 8.E 9.H 10.J Passage 2 答案：1.G 2.K 3.J 4.I 5.C 6.A 7.H 8.F 9.D 10.B Passage 3 答案：1.C 2.K 3.B 4.E 5.J 6.A 7.D 8.F 9.I 10.G Passage 4 答案：1.D 2.K 3.I 4.G 5.J 6.A 7.H 8.B 9.E 10.F Passage 5 答案：1.C 2.K 3.B 4.E 5.J 6.A 7.D 8.F 9.I 10.G Passage 6 答案：1.E 2.A 3.H 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.G 8.F 9.J 10.K 语篇类型三: 人与自然（5篇） Passage 1 答案：1.K 2.I 3.A 4.B 5.H 6.G 7.F 8.E 9.C 10.J Passage 2 答案：1.K 2.E 3.A 4.I 5.C 6.F 7.J 8.G 9.B 10.D Passage 3 答案：1.F 2.H 3.J 4.G 5.A 6.E 7.D 8.I 9.K 10.B Passage 4 答案：1.C 2.D 3.F 4.G 5.B 6.K 7.I 8.J 9.E 10.H Passage 5 答案：1.H 2.K 3.F 4.I 5.G 6.B 7.E 8.A 9.C 10.J Passage 1 答案：1.E 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.I 6.C 7.G 8.F 9.K 10.J Passage 2 答案：1.H 2.A 3.G 4.C 5.J 6.F 7.I 8.E 9.D 10.K Passage 3 答案：1.D 2.F 3.H 4.K 5.J 6.G 7.B 8.C 9.E 10.A Passage 4 答案：1.G 2.E 3.I 4.B 5.C 6.H 7.K 8.D 9.J 10.A 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 选词填空（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 人与自我（6篇） Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Not e that there is one word more than you need. A．estimate     B．universally    C． evolved    D．adopted    E. converted F. extended    G. fascinate    H. incredible    I. superior   J. footprint   K. cheer Words, words, words We use hundreds, maybe even thousands of different words every day. Many of them have been part of our vocabulary since early childhood, but the words that 1 us are the other ones, the ones that didn’t even exit a few years ago. As the world changes, the vocabulary that people use moves on too. In fact, experts 2 that at least 4,000 new English words are coined every year. Have you ever stopped to wonder where they come from and why they have the meanings that they do? It's no surprise that some of the new words come from another language, but you would be amazed to find out that Modern English, which has 3 from Old English, has taken about 80% of its vocabulary from other sources: mostly from French and Latin, but also from an 4 350 other languages. Some of these loanwords are used because there is no existing word in English to cover the meaning. In Britain, people now eat Chinese dim sum and the Greek dish kleftiko, and blow a South African vuvuzela to 5 on a football team. Other words are 6 even when there’s an existing English alternative, because the foreign word sounds 7 or more clever and elegant in some way. People think Italian coffee tastes better than the coffee traditionally drunk in Britain, so they often use the Italian word americano to order a black coffee in a café. Whenever we switch on a computer or mobile, we do things that were unheard of a few decades ago. Sometimes, the new language that we need for technology evolves by giving new meanings to old words. Hack used to mean cut or kick and this usage carries on today. But as the Internet developed, the use of the word was 8 to the metaphorical meaning “access someone else’s computer illegally”. This new meaning is now so 9 accepted that no one today thinks of it as a metaphor. There are also new compounds of existing words, for example. cloud computing (computer resources delivered over the Internet) and digital 10 (the record left on the Internet of all your online so activity). And then there are those useful things, prefixes. Instead of receiving an old-fashioned card bought in a shop and sent in the mail, you might now receive an e-card bought in an e-shop and sent by email. 【答案】 1．G 2．A 3．C 4．H 5．K 6．D 7．I 8．F 9．B 10．J 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述现代英语每年新增约4000词，80% 源于外来语，还通过旧词新义、复合词等方式演变，数字相关词汇常见。 1．考查动词。 句意：我们每天使用数百甚至数千个不同的单词。其中许多从童年早期就已成为我们词汇的一部分，但令我们着迷的是那些甚至在几年前还不存在的其他单词。分析句子可知，此空应填动词，作从句的谓语，且时态为一般现在时，主语“the words”为复数，所以动词用原形。fascinate，表“使着迷”，符合语境。故选G。 2．考查动词。 句意：事实上，专家估计每年至少创造4000个新英语单词。分析句子可知，此空应填动词，作主句的谓语，时态为一般现在时，主语experts为复数，动词用原形。estimate，表“估计”，符合语境。故选A。 3．考查动词。 句意：不足为奇的是，一些新单词来自另一种语言，但你会惊讶地发现，由古英语演变而来的现代英语，约 80% 的词汇来自其他来源，主要来自法语和拉丁语，但也来自令人难以置信的350种其他语言。分析句子可知，此空应填动词的过去分词，与has构成现在完成时。evolved，表“演变”，evolve from，为固定短语，意为“从……演变而来”，符合语境。故选C。 4．考查形容词。 句意：不足为奇的是，一些新单词来自另一种语言，但你会惊讶地发现，由古英语演变而来的现代英语，约 80%的词汇来自其他来源，主要来自法语和拉丁语，但也来自令人难以置信的350种其他语言。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词，修饰“350 other languages”。incredible，表“难以置信的”，符合语境。故选H。 5．考查动词。 句意：在英国，人们现在吃中国的点心和希腊的克利夫提科菜，还会吹南非的呜呜祖拉来为足球队加油。分析句子可知，此空应填动词，“to do”不定式表目的。cheer，表“欢呼，加油”，cheer on，为固定短语，意为“为…… 加油”，符合语境。故选K。 6．考查动词。 句意：即使有现有的英语替代词，其他单词也会被采用，因为外来词在某种程度上听起来更优越或更聪明优雅。分析句子可知，此空应填动词的过去分词，与are构成被动语态。adopted，表“采用”，符合语境。故选D。 7．考查形容词比较级。 句意：即使有现有的英语替代词，其他单词也会被采用，因为外来词在某种程度上听起来更优越或更聪明优雅。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作表语，superior，表示“更优越的”，本身含有比较级意义，符合语境。故选I。 8．考查动词。 句意：但随着互联网的发展，这个词的使用被扩展到隐喻意义“非法访问他人的计算机”。分析句子可知，此空应填动词的过去分词，与“was”构成被动语态。extended，表“扩展”，符合语境。故选F。 9．考查副词。 句意：这个新含义现在被普遍接受，以至于今天没有人认为它是一个隐喻。分析句子可知，此空应填副词，修饰accepted。universally，表“普遍地”，符合语境。故选B。 10．考查名词。 句意：还有现有单词的新复合词，例如云计算（通过互联网提供的计算机资源）和数字足迹（你所有在线活动在互联网上留下的记录）。分析句子可知，此空应填名词，作digital的中心词。footprint，表“足迹”，digital footprint，为固定短语，意为“数字足迹”，符合语境。故选J。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海杨浦·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.   A．sense  B．dominate  C． ignore  D．emotional  E. trends  F. combined  G. motivation  H. bonding  I. associated  J. grateful  K. feature   Remember when ... Do you ever find yourself looking back on earlier times, remembering happy moments from the past? Nostalgia, the feeling 1 with remembering happiness in the past, is often described as bittersweet. It is bitter because you long for things that are no more but sweet as you enjoy remembering your past happiness. Some psychologists even distinguish positive nostalgia from negative nostalgia, depending on whether happy emotions or sad ones 2 a person’s experience.   In today’s culture, expressions of nostalgia are becoming common. People share old social media posts remembering the good old days. They buy products made years ago from secondhand stores and enjoy media that reminds them of their childhoods. Taking note of these 3 companies are offering products like those of earlier decades. Social media platforms offer filters that can make pictures look like old photographs. Some restaurants are even putting together menus that 4 some dishes from the 1970s. And the fact that people are buying all these products shows that those people want to experience nostalgia.   This desire for nostalgia makes a lot of 5 because this feeling has psychological benefits. It can improve a person’s mood and self-esteem (自我价值感), sometimes helping people handle difficult transitions in life. It can also help people connect with others as they share memories.   But nostalgia can also lead to 6 problems. Focusing on the past can make people less satisfied with the present and make it harder to find 7 to improve their current situation. Nostalgia can also lead people to view earlier stages of life with rose-colored glasses. They may forget about or 8 past hardships, thinking only about the positive side of things.   How can you find a balance, remembering the past without letting it interfere with the present? Start by making a conscious effort to recognize and be 9 for the positives in your current situation. While remembering the past, focus on lessons you’ve learned and ways you’ve grown and changed over the years. And share these memories with others to deepen relationships by learning more about each other or 10 over shared experiences.   Nostalgia can bring many benefits to individuals and to communities, but we all must remain cautious of its potential downsides. 【答案】 1．I 2．B 3．E 4．K 5．A 6．D 7．G 8．C 9．J 10．H 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了怀旧这一情感现象，包括其定义、表现、心理影响及潜在问题，并提出了平衡怀旧与现实的方法。 1．考查动词。句意：怀旧，这种与回忆过去的幸福联系在一起的感觉，通常被描述为苦乐参半。根据句意及空前“the feeling”和空后“with remembering happiness in the past”可知，此处为固定短语be associated with“与……有关”，空处应填过去分词associated。故选I。 2．考查动词。句意：一些心理学家甚至根据快乐情绪或悲伤情绪是否主导一个人的经历，将积极怀旧与消极怀旧区分开来。根据句意及空前“whether happy emotions or sad ones”可知，此处表示快乐情绪或悲伤情绪是否主导一个人的经历，空处应填动词dominate“主导”，在从句中作谓语，根据主句谓语distinguish可知，从句用一般现在时。故选B。 3．考查名词。句意：注意到这些趋势，公司正在提供几十年前的产品。根据句意及空前“Taking note of these”可知，此处表示注意到这些趋势，且空前由these修饰，所以空处应填名词复数形式trends“趋势”，作宾语。故选E。 4．考查动词。句意：一些餐馆甚至把20世纪70年代的一些菜肴组合在一起。根据句意及空前“Some restaurants are even putting together menus that”可知，此处表示餐馆把20世纪70年代的一些菜肴组合在一起，空处应填动词feature“以……为特色”，在定语从句中作谓语，根据主句谓语are putting together可知，从句谓语动词用一般现在时，关系代词that指代先行词menus，为复数，谓语动词用原形。故选K。 5．考查名词。句意：这种对怀旧的渴望很有意义，因为这种感觉有心理上的好处。根据句意及空前“This desire for nostalgia makes a lot of”可知，此处表示这种对怀旧的渴望很有意义，空处应填名词sense“意义”，make a lot of sense“很有意义”。故选A。 6．考查形容词。句意：但怀旧也会导致情绪问题。根据句意及空后“problems”可知，此处表示怀旧也会导致情绪问题，空处应填形容词emotional“情绪的”，作定语修饰名词problems。故选D。 7．考查名词。句意：专注于过去会让人们对现在不那么满意，也让他们更难找到改善现状的动力。根据句意及空前“Focusing on the past can make people less satisfied with the present and make it harder to find”可知，此处表示专注于过去会让人们对现在不那么满意，也让他们更难找到改善现状的动力，空处应填名词motivation“动力”，作宾语。故选G。 8．考查动词。句意：他们可能会忘记或忽视过去的困难，只想着事情的积极一面。根据句意及空前“They may forget about or”可知，此处表示他们可能会忘记或忽视过去的困难，空处应填动词ignore“忽视”，在情态动词may后，用动词原形。故选C。 9．考查形容词。句意：首先，要有意识地努力认识并感激当前情况中的积极因素。根据句意及空前“Start by making a conscious effort to recognize and be”可知，此处表示要有意识地努力认识并感激当前情况中的积极因素，空处应填形容词grateful“感激的”，作表语。故选J。 10．考查动词。句意：并与他人分享这些回忆，通过更多地了解彼此或通过共同经历加深关系。根据句意及空前“And share these memories with others to deepen relationships by learning more about each other or”可知，此处表示并与他人分享这些回忆，通过更多地了解彼此或通过共同经历加深关系，空处应填动词bond“建立关系”，在介词by后，用动名词形式。故选H。 Passage 3 （23-24高二下·上海·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.Note that there one word more than you need. A．avoid       B．diligent      C． flexible     D．guidance      E. imagination F. independent G. initiative  H. prospects     I. pursue       J. ruin          K. unrealistic Why don’t you get a proper job? Today’s 14-and 15-year-olds are ambitious. They are optimistic about their 1 , but their career ideas are rather vague. A job for life is not in their vocabulary; neither is a dead-end but secure job that is boring but pays the bills. Almost half the boys surveyed expected that their hobbies would lead them into the right sort of job, while most girls seemed determined to 2 traditionally female careers such as nursing. In the past, this might have counted as bad news. But the world has changed. The global economy is not kind to yesterday’s 3 and dependable worker. The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the 4 . This means that a 14-year-old who sees her working future as a kind of adventure, to be made up as she goes along, is not necessarily being 5 . However, she has to have the training and 6 to help her develop the right skills for today’s market; not the rigid (死板的) preparation for a workplace that disappeared 20 years ago. So what is to be done? A good first step would be to change the way in which schools prepare young people for adult life. The education system is becoming less 7 and more obsessed (无法摆脱) with traditional skills at just the time that the employment market is going in the opposite direction. Accurate, up-to-date information on new jobs and qualifications can help guidance counsellors to help their students. Young people need solid information on the sort of training they need to 8 the career of their dreams. Also, a little bit of encouragement can go a long way. What, then, can we as parents do to help them? The best thing is to forget all the advice that our parents gave us, and step into our teenager’s shoes. Once we’ve done that, it’s easier to see how important it is that they learn how to be 9 and resourceful. Give them the courage to follow their dreams—however odd they might sound right now. In a world that offers economic security to almost no one, 10 is a terrible thing to waste. 【答案】 1．H 2．A 3．B 4．G 5．K 6．D 7．C 8．I 9．F 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何帮助青少年在当今快速变化的就业市场中找到自己的定位，发展适合市场的技能，并鼓励他们勇敢地追求自己的梦想。 1．考查名词。句意：他们对自己的前景很乐观，但他们的职业理想却相当模糊。由上文“Today’s 14-and 15-year-olds are ambitious”可知，句子表示“他们对自己的前景很乐观”，空格处意为“前景”，是prospect，要用复数，故选H。 2．考查不定式。句意：近一半的受访男孩希望他们的爱好能让他们找到合适的工作，而大多数女孩似乎决心避免从事护士等传统的女性职业。由上文“Almost half the boys surveyed expected that their hobbies would lead them into the right sort of job, while most girls seemed determined to”可知，句子表示“近一半的受访男孩希望他们的爱好能让他们找到合适的工作，而大多数女孩似乎决心避免从事护士等传统的女性职业”，空格处意为“避免”，是avoid，be determined to do是固定短语，意为“下定决心做某事”，因此空格处用动词原形，故选A。 3．考查形容词。句意：全球经济对昔日勤奋可靠的工人并不友好。由下文“The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious”可知，句子表示“全球经济对昔日勤奋可靠的工人并不友好”，空格处意为“勤奋的”，是diligent，故选B。 4．考查名词。句意：未来属于思维敏捷、足智多谋、雄心勃勃、能采取主动的人。由上文“resourceful, ambitious”可知，句子表示“未来属于思维敏捷，能采取主动的人”，空格处意为“主动性，积极性”，用名词作宾语，是initiative，take the initiative是固定短语，意为“采取主动”，故选G。 5．考查形容词。句意：这意味着，一个14岁的女孩把自己的工作未来视为一种冒险，可以随着她的发展而改变，这并不一定是不现实的。由上文“The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the __4__”可知，句子表示“一个14岁的女孩把自己的工作未来视为一种冒险，可以随着她的发展而改变，这并不一定是不现实的”，空格处意为“不现实的”，是unrealistic，故选K。 6．考查名词。句意：然而，她必须接受培训和指导，以帮助她发展适合当今市场的技能;而不是20年前消失的那种死板的职场准备。由上文“she has to have the training and”和下文“to help her develop the right skills for today’s market”可知，句子表示“她必须接受培训和指导”，空格处意为“指导”，是guidance，是不可数名词，故选D。 7．考查形容词。句意：教育体系正变得越来越不灵活，越来越注重传统技能，而与此同时，就业市场正朝着相反的方向发展。由下文“more obsessed (无法摆脱) with traditional skills”可知，句子表示“教育体系正变得越来越不灵活”，空格处意为“灵活的”，是flexible，故选C。 8．考查不定式。句意：年轻人需要关于他们追求梦想的职业所需的培训的可靠信息。由下文“the career of their dreams”可知，句子表示“年轻人需要关于他们追求梦想的职业所需的培训的可靠信息”，空格处意为“追求”，是pursue，空格处用不定式表目的，故选I。 9．考查形容词。句意：一旦我们做到了这一点，就更容易看出他们学会如何独立和足智多谋是多么重要。由上文“The best thing is to forget all the advice that our parents gave us, and step into our teenager’s shoes”可知，句子表示“他们学会如何独立”，空格处意为“独立的”，是independent，故选F。 10．考查名词。句意：在一个几乎不向任何人提供经济保障的世界里，浪费想象力是一件可怕的事情。由上文“Give them the courage to follow their dreams—however odd they might sound right now”可知，句子表示“浪费想象力是一件可怕的事情”，空格处意为“想象力”，是imagination，是不可数名词，故选E。 Passage 4 （25-26高二下·上海松江·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．resistant     B．concentrating     C． recognition     D．resembling    E. essential F. distinct     G. revealed     H. approach     I. appreciate     J. creativity     K. viewed In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on developing stronger science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curriculum (课程) and programs, as these disciplines are widely 1 as the means to help innovation and support national economies. This trend reflects a shift in how school disciplines are being looked at; schools are 2 on subject that have traditionally been isolated from each other-science, mathematics, and art — in favor of deeper, interdisciplinary learning. K-12 education leaders are pioneering new methods for combining the arts with STEM activities, 3 the ways in which subjects naturally connect in the real world. While this new movement is being discussed almost clearly and directly in an education context, its roots are planted across nearly every industry. In many ways, technology is the connective tissue. Similarly, engineering new transportation technologies requires artful design. The growing 4 of the important unions between different skills is paving the way for STEAM in schools. Some doubts of this movement have dismissed 5 as a mere fashion driven by artists who are concerned their profession is losing critical support in an increasingly technology-focused society. However, the Hilburn Academy argues that STEAM is not just a contemporary program of learning, but an important life philosophy — 6 for higher education and career success. Schools should provide students plentiful opportunities to 7 the complexities and complicated layers that indicate concrete knowledge. Early examples of STEAM learning include teaching students how mathematical concepts such as geometry (几何学) are rooted in artworks. While the rise of STEAM learning is relatively new, there are already figures that prove the integration of these seemingly 8 disciplines is supporting student performance at school. A study conducted by the University of Florida 9 that students who are engaged in music class do better in math. For example, female high school students enrolled in music appreciation class scored 42points higher on the math section of their SATs. Formal experience with the arts is proven to cultivate innovative thinking, adaptability and other problem-solving skills that are necessary for mastering STEM abilities. in other words, 10 is a pioneer for students to understand, use, and apply technologies in new ways. 【答案】 1．K 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．H 6．E 7．I 8．F 9．G 10．J 【导语】文章主要讨论了近年来STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）课程和项目受到越来越多的重视，以及将艺术融入STEM形成STEAM的趋势，阐述了这种趋势的背景、意义及对学生表现的积极影响。 1．考查动词。句意：近年来，人们越来越重视发展更强大的科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）课程和项目，因为这些学科被广泛认为是帮助创新和支持国家经济的手段。空格处为谓语动词，be viewed as为固定短语，意为“被视为”前面已有be动词，用过去分词形式。 2．考查动词。句意：这一趋势反映了学校学科看待方式的转变；学校正把重点放在传统上相互孤立的学科上——科学、数学和艺术——以支持更深入的跨学科学习。空格处为谓语动词，concentrate on为固定短语，意为“集中于；专注于”，和前面的are进行时，用concentrate的现在分词形式。 3．考查动词。句意：K-12教育领导者正在开创将艺术与STEM活动相结合的新方法，模仿学科在现实世界中自然联系的方式。空格处为非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语K-12 education leaders之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，resemble“模仿；类似”符合句意，其现在分词resembling。 4．考查名词。句意：人们越来越认识到不同技能之间重要结合的重要性，这为学校中的STEAM铺平了道路。空格处为名词作主语，recognition“认识；认可”符合句意。 5．考查名词。句意：一些对这一运动持怀疑态度的人认为，这只不过是一种时尚，是由那些担心自己的职业在日益以技术为中心的社会中失去关键支持的艺术家们推动的。空格处为dismiss的宾语，approach“方法；态度”符合句意。 6．考查形容词。句意：然而，Hilburn学院认为，STEAM不仅仅是一个当代学习项目，而是一种重要的生活哲学——对高等教育和职业成功至关重要。空格处为形容词作后置定语，essential“必要的；至关重要的”符合句意。 7．考查动词。句意：学校应该为学生提供充足的机会来欣赏表明具体知识的复杂性和复杂层次。空格处为非谓语动词，表目的，应用不定式形式作目的状语，appreciate“欣赏；感激”符合句意，接在不定式to后用原形。 8．考查形容词。句意：虽然STEAM学习的兴起相对较新，但已经有数据证明，这些看似截然不同的学科的融合正在支持学生在学校的表现。空格处为形容词修饰名词disciplines，distinct“截然不同的；有区别的”为形容词，符合句意。 9．考查动词。句意：佛罗里达大学进行的一项研究显示，参加音乐课的学生在数学方面表现更好。空格处为谓语动词，reveal“显示；透露”符合句意，描述过去的事情，用一般过去时。 10．考查名词。句意：换句话说，创造力是学生在理解、使用和应用新技术方面的先锋。空格处为名词作主语，creativity“创造力”符合句意。 Passage 5 （25-26高二下·上海徐汇·阶段检测）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．spot     B．call on    C． thunderous    D．fury     E. cautiously    F. delight G. explosion   H. handful    I. disturbingly    J. immensely    K. collapse The silence of the late afternoon was absolute. I was hiking along a familiar trail in the mountains, enjoying the rare solitude. Then, without warning, it was shattered. A(n) 1 crack ripped through the air, not from the sky, but from the earth itself. The sound was so powerful that it felt less like a noise but more like a physical force pressing against my chest. I froze, my heart pounding against my ribs. For a terrifying second, I thought it was a(n) 2 . My mind raced through impossible scenarios — a hidden military exercise, a meteor strike. The ground beneath my feet trembled, and a cloud of dust rose from further up the ridge, staining the clear blue sky. The initial shock was so immense that it took me a moment to process what my eyes were seeing: a section of the old cliff face was beginning to 3 . Rocks, some the size of cars, broke away and tumbled down the mountainside in a deadly avalanche. The sight was horrifying. I was too far away to be in danger, but close enough to feel the raw, destructive power of nature. It was a stark reminder of how suddenly the world can change. After what felt like a century, the rumbling stopped, and a terrible quietness returned, 4 different from the peace that had existed just minutes before. As the dust began to settle, I realized I was probably the only person who had witnessed this event. I was, in a very literal sense, on the   5 . My first instinct was to check my phone. Miraculously, I had a single bar of signal. I knew I had to report what I had seen. It took a   6 of attempts — perhaps five or six — before the call finally went through to the park ranger station. My voice shook as I described the location and the scale of the rockfall. The ranger on the other end remained calm and professional. He assured me that the area was remote and that no hikers were likely to have been in that specific zone. He thanked me for the report, saying it would help them 7 visitors to avoid the area until it could be assessed for safety. Knowing that my quick action might prevent an accident was a small comfort. Hanging up, I felt the adrenaline (肾上腺素) slowly drain from my body, leaving me feeling weak but 8 grateful. Grateful for the safe distance, for the faint signal, and for the perspective the experience had given me. As I made my way back down the trail, I thought about how this moment of chaos would eventually become a story that would 9 my friends and family. The sheer improbability of it all — being in the right (or wrong) place at the perfect time — was something I would never forget. What began as a terrifying encounter with nature’s 10 would, in time, become an unforgettable tale of survival and gratitude. 【答案】 1．C 2．G 3．K 4．I 5．A 6．H 7．B 8．J 9．F 10．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述作者在山间徒步时，意外目睹悬崖突然崩塌的惊险经历。 1．考查形容词。句意：一声震耳欲聋的巨响划破天空，这声音并非来自天空，而是源自大地本身。空处修饰名词crack可知，此处为形容词作定语，表示“雷鸣般的，震耳欲聋的”应用形容词thunderous。故选C项。 2．考查名词。句意：在可怕的一瞬间，我以为这是一场爆炸。空处作表语，需填名词，表示“爆炸”应用名词explosion。故选G项。 3．考查动词。句意：最初的震惊是如此巨大，以至于我花了一段时间才理解眼前所见：一段古老的悬崖面开始崩塌。begin to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“开始做某事”，空处需填动词原形和to构成动词不定式，表示“崩塌”应用动词collapse。故选K项。 4．考查副词。句意：仿佛过了一个世纪，轰鸣声停止了，可怕的寂静再次降临，与几分钟前的宁静令人不安地截然不同。空处修饰形容词different，需填副词作状语，表示“令人不安地、令人恐慌地”应用副词disturbingly。故选I项。 5．考查名词。句意：从字面上来说，我就在现场。空处作介词宾语，需填名词，表示“在现场”应用介词短语on the spot。故选A项。 6．考查名词。句意：我试了好几次——大概五六次——电话才终于接通公园护林站。根据句意“几个”可知，此处为固定搭配a handful of。故选H项。 7．考查动词短语。句意：他感谢我的报告，称这能帮助他们呼吁游客避开该区域，直到对其安全状况进行评估。help sb do sth.为固定搭配，意为“帮助某人做某事”，空处为省略to的动词不定式，需填动词原形；表示“呼吁”应用动词短语 call on。故选B项。 8．考查副词。句意：挂断电话后，肾上腺素慢慢从身体里褪去，我感到虚弱，但无比感激。空处修饰形容词grateful，需填副词作状语，表示“极其，非常”应用副词immensely。故选J项。 9．考查动词。句意：在沿小径往回走时，我想到这段混乱的时刻最终会成为一个让亲友们欣喜的故事。位于情态动词would后面，使用动词原形，表示“使高兴”应用动词delight。故选F项。 10．考查名词。句意：这场始于与大自然暴怒的可怕遭遇，终将成为一段关于生存与感恩的难忘传奇。空处位于名词所有格nature’s后面，需填名词作宾语，表示“愤怒”应用名词fury。故选D项。 Passage 6 （25-26高二上·上海嘉定·阶段检测）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．imaged  B．lengthened  C． equivalent  D．treated E. indicator  F. mechanism  G. effectiveness  H. remarkably I. postpone  J. ultimately  K. exceed Low-cost diabetes drug slows ageing in male monkeys and is particularly effective at delaying the effects of ageing on the brain, finds a small study that tracked the animals for more than three years. The results raise the possibility that the widely used medication, metformin (二甲双胍), could one day be used to 1 ageing in humans. Metformin has been used for more than 60 years to lower blood-sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes—and is the second most-prescribed medication in the United States. The drug has long been known to have effects beyond treating diabetes, leading researchers to study it against conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and ageing. Data from worms, rodents, flies and people who have taken the drug for diabetes suggest the drug might have anti-ageing effects. But its 2 against ageing had not been tested directly in primates, and it is unclear whether its potential anti-ageing effects are achieved by lowering blood sugar or through a separate 3 . This led Guanghui Liu, a biologist who studies ageing at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, and his colleagues to test the drug on 12 elderly male cynomolgus macaques (食蟹猴); another 16 elderly monkeys and 18 young or middle-aged animals served as a control group. Every day, 4 monkeys received the standard dose of metformin that is used to control diabetes in humans. The animals took the drug for 40 months, 5 to about 13 years for humans. Over the course of the study, Liu and his colleagues took samples from 79 types of the monkeys’ tissues and organs, 6 the animals’ brains and performed routine physical examinations. By analyzing the cellular activity in the samples, the researchers were able to create a computational model to determine the tissues’ “biological age”, which can lag behind or 7 the animals’ age in years since birth. The researchers observed that the drug slowed the biological ageing of many tissues, including from the lung, kidney, liver, skin and the brain’s frontal lobe. They also found that it suppressed chronic inflammation, a key 8 of ageing. The study was not intended to see whether the drug extended the animals’ lifespans; previous research has not established an impact on lifespan but has shown 9 health span— the number of years an organism lives in good health. This means that metformin can“ 10 rewind organ age” in monkeys, Liu says. The authors also identified a potential pathway by which the drug protects the brain; it activates a protein called NRF 2, which safeguards against cellular damage triggered by injury and inflammation. 【答案】 1．I 2．G 3．F 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．K 8．E 9．B 10．H 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究发现，二甲双胍可延缓雄性猴子衰老，对延缓大脑衰老尤其有效。该药物抗衰老的有效性在灵长类动物身上得到验证，还能延长健康寿命。 1．考查动词。句意：研究结果提出一种可能性：这种应用广泛的药物 —— 二甲双胍，或许有朝一日能用于延缓人类衰老。分析句子可知，be used to do sth. 后接动词原形，postpone 表示“延缓、推迟”为动词，符合语境。故选I项。 2．考查名词。句意：但它抗衰老的有效性还没有在灵长类动物身上直接测试过，也不清楚它的潜在抗衰老效果是通过降低血糖还是通过另一种机制实现的。分析句子可知，前文提到二甲双胍在低等生物和人类糖尿病患者身上显示出抗衰老潜力，本句转折指出其抗衰老的有效性尚未在灵长类动物身上直接验证。its后接名词，effectiveness 表示“有效性”为名词，契合句意。故选G项。 3．考查名词。句意：但它抗衰老的有效性还没有在灵长类动物身上直接测试过，也不清楚它的潜在抗衰老效果是通过降低血糖还是通过另一种机制实现的。分析句子可知，separate 后接名词，mechanism表示“机制、机理”为名词，符合科研语境的逻辑。故选F项。 4．考查过去分词。句意：每天，接受治疗的猴子接受标准剂量的二甲双胍，这种药物用于控制人类糖尿病。分析句子可知，空后monkeys为名词，此处作定语修饰该名词，treated为过去分词作定语，修饰monkeys，表示“被给药处理的”，符合语境。故选D项。 5．考查固定短语。句意：这些动物服用了40个月的药物，相当于人类服用了大约13年。分析句子可知，此处equivalent to是固定搭配，表示“等同于”，符合动物实验与人类年龄换算的语境。故选C项。 6．考查动词。句意：在研究过程中，刘和他的同事们从79种猴子的组织和器官中采集了样本，对动物的大脑进行了成像，并进行了常规的身体检查。分析句子可知，本句列举研究人员的操作：采集组织样本、为猴子大脑成像、进行常规体检。设空处与 took、performed 并列，用过去式表示过去的动作，imaged表示“为……成像”为动词，符合语境。故选A项。 7．考查动词。句意：通过分析样本中的细胞活动，研究人员能够创建一个计算模型来确定组织的“生物年龄”，这可能落后于或超过动物出生后的年龄。分析句子可知，生物年龄可能落后于或超过实际年龄，exceed 表示“超过”为动词，与 lag behind 形成对比，符合句意。故选K项。 8．考查名词。句意：他们还发现它能抑制慢性炎症，这是衰老的一个关键指标。分析句子可知，空前为a key，此处为名词形式，结合句意可知，慢性炎症是衰老的关键指标，indicator表示“指标、标志”为名词，符合科研表述逻辑。故选E项。 9．考查过去分词。句意：先前的研究还没有确定对寿命的影响，但已经显示了健康寿命的延长——一个有机体在健康状态下生活的年限。分析句子可知，前文提到研究不关注寿命延长，而是指出药物能延长健康寿命，过去分词lengthened 表示“被延长的”，与 health span 搭配合理。故选B项。 10．考查副词。句意：刘说，这意味着二甲双胍可以“显著地延缓猴子的器官衰老”。分析句子可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词rewind，remarkably为副词，修饰动词rewind，表示 “显著地、引人注目地”，符合语境。故选H项。 语篇类型二: 人与社会（6篇） Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海黄浦·期末）Directions: Complete the following paragraphs by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．soil     B．practices     C． underscored     D．order E. themed     F. staged     G. anticipating     H. immersive I. boasts     J. solidifying     K. context Shanghai Unveils Pharaohs’ Glory The Shanghai Museum transformed into a gateway to the Nile Valley today as the monumental exhibition, “Top of the Pyramid: Ancient Egyptian Civilization”, officially opened its doors. Praised as the largest and most significant display of Egyptian antiquities ever 1 in China, the exhibition promises an unprecedented journey through 4,000 years of Pharaonic splendor, diplomacy, and enduring mystery. The grand opening ceremony resonated with a sense of historic occasion. Dignitaries, including high-level representatives from Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities and Chinese cultural leaders, 2 the exhibition’s role as a peak of Sino-Egyptian cultural exchange. The presence of artifacts, many leaving Egyptian 3 for the first time, granted the event profound significance. The exhibition 4 a stunning 788 carefully selected artifacts sourced directly from seven premier Egyptian institutions. This collection transcends the typical; it features national treasures of the highest 5 . These masterpieces of ancient artistry, rarely seen outside Egypt offer an intimate glimpse into royal burial 6 and beliefs in the afterlife. “This exhibition represents far more than a display of antiquities.” stated Dr. Ahmed El-Damaty, a senior advisor from the Egyptian delegation, during the opening. “It is a profound dialogue between two of the world’s oldest continuous civilizations.” The exhibition is widely seen as a major soft power initiative, strengthening cultural ties between Egypt and China, particularly within the 7 of the Belt and Road framework. Anticipation in Shanghai has been building for months. “Egyptomania” is tangible, with 8 events, lectures, and merchandise appearing across the city. The Shanghai Museum has prepared extensively, creating 9 environments with dramatic lighting, contextual projections, and replicas of tomb interiors to enhance the visitor experience while ensuring state-of-the-art security and climate control for the priceless artifacts. “Top of the Pyramid” is not just an exhibition; it’s a monumental cultural event, placing the pinnacle of ancient Egyptian achievement firmly within reach of the Chinese public and 10 Shanghai’s status as a global hub for world-class cultural exchange. 【答案】 1．F 2．C 3．A 4．I 5．D 6．B 7．K 8．E 9．H 10．J 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主题是：上海博物馆举办大型古埃及文明主题展，展现中埃文化交流成果，凸显其作为国际文化枢纽的地位。 1．考查动词。句意：该展览被誉为中国有史以来举办过的规模最大、意义最重大的埃及文物展览，它承诺将带来一场前所未有的旅程，穿越 4000 年的法老辉煌、外交史和不朽谜团。空格处应填非谓语动词作后置定语，根据空前“display of Egyptian antiquities”可知，此处指“展览被举办”，应用动词stage“举行，举办”，且display与stage之间为被动关系，需用过去分词形式staged。故选F项。 2．考查动词。句意：包括埃及旅游和文物部高级代表和中国文化界领袖在内的政要们强调了此次展览是中埃文化交流的巅峰之作。空格处应填谓语动词，且根据前文“The grand opening ceremony resonated with a sense of historic occasion.”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，所以应填动词的过去式，结合句意可知，此处指“强调展览的作用”，underscored“强调”为动词的过去式，符合句意。故选C项。 3．考查名词。句意：许多文物首次离开埃及的土地，使这一活动具有深远的意义。空格处应填名词作宾语，此处指“离开埃及的土地”，名词soil“土地”符合句意。故选A项。 4．考查动词。句意：该展览展出了788件直接来自埃及七家顶级机构的精心挑选的文物。空格处应填谓语动词，且根据语境可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语为单数名词，所以应填动词的第三人称单数形式，boasts“拥有，展出”为动词的第三人称单数形式，符合句意。故选I项。 5．考查名词。句意：这批藏品超越了常规；它拥有最高级别的国宝。空格处应填名词作宾语，此处指“最高等级”，名词order“级别，顺序”符合句意。故选D项。 6．考查名词。句意：这些在埃及境外罕见的古代艺术杰作，让人得以一窥王室的埋葬习俗和对来世的信仰。空格处应填名词作宾语，此处指“皇家丧葬习俗”，practices“习俗”为名词的复数形式，符合句意。故选B项。 7．考查名词。句意：该展览被广泛视为一项重大的软实力举措，加强了埃及和中国之间的文化联系，特别是在“一带一路”框架的背景下。空格处应填名词作介词within的宾语，根据空后“of the Belt and Road framework”可知，此处指“在……背景下”，名词context“背景”符合句意。故选K项。 8．考查形容词。句意：“埃及热”是显而易见的，全市范围内涌现出以埃及为主题的活动、讲座和商品。空格处应填形容词作定语修饰名词events，此处指“以埃及为主题的活动”，形容词themed“以……为主题的”符合句意。故选E项。 9．考查形容词。句意：上海博物馆做了充分的准备，创造了沉浸式的环境，有戏剧性的灯光、情境投影和墓室内部的复制品，以增强游客的体验，同时确保为无价文物提供最先进的安全和气候控制。空格处应填形容词作定语修饰名词environments，此处指“沉浸式的环境”，形容词immersive“沉浸式的”符合句意。故选H项。 10．考查动词。句意：“金字塔之巅”不仅仅是一个展览；它是一项重大的文化活动，将古埃及成就的巅峰牢牢地置于中国公众的视野中，并巩固了上海作为世界级文化交流全球枢纽的地位。空格处应填非谓语动词与placing并列，且和主语it之间为主动关系，所以应填现在分词形式，此处指“巩固了上海的地位”，solidifying“巩固”为动词的现在分词形式，符合句意。故选J项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期末）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．vulnerability   B．motivation   C． undergoing   D．integrity   E. rejected F. upsetting   G. extend   H. invade   I. justified   J. contributing   K. arisen Sportsmanship Isn’t Just for Athletes Sportsmanship is defined as fair, generous and polite behaviour or treatment of others, especially in sports. At its heart, it reflects a commitment to fair play and goodwill toward an opponent. But this spirit should not be restricted to the sporting stadium. It should 1 to everyone involved, especially those watching and cheering from the stands. In recent years, the idolization (崇拜)of athletes has 2 dramatically among young people in China. However, some fans have gone too far, 3 to the “fan circle” culture. This fanatical support creates an ugly, competitively unfair environment, damaging the spirit of sportsmanship. A clear example was seen at the recent table tennis Asian Cup, where some fans even 4 shouting abusively at the opponent of the athlete they supported. Sports are meant to promote unity and inspiration, not hostility or personal attacks. What’s worse, athletes are 5 wild treatment beyond stadiums and courts as well. Some fans follow athletes through airports, crowd them at hotels, and ignore their privacy entirely. This not only creates safety risks but also causes genuine emotional 6 . Online, things can get even uglier, with some fans attacking rival athletes and their supporters. These fans are missing the point. Rather than fixate on rivalry or 7 their lives, we should celebrate the qualities that make athletes great. They go through hard training, endure 8 injuries, and make countless sacrifices to achieve their dreams. What is truly inspiring is not their fame but their dedication, resilience and discipline. True champions display respect for opponents, handle victories with humility, and accept defeat with grace. For example, tennis legend Roger Federer is beloved not just for his exceptional skills but also for his 9 on and off the court. Chinese athletes, like Ma Long, have also set examples by showing deep respect for their competitors. Their conduct reminds us that we can love the competition itself, cheering for our athletes with pride. All these values including the hard work behind the glory, and the respect transcending (超越) rivalry are the very essence of true sportsmanship. Athletes’ journeys remind us that success is built through effort, setbacks and determination. By celebrating their character, not just victories, we can transform admiration into 10 , not obsession. 【答案】 1．G 2．K 3．J 4．I 5．C 6．A 7．H 8．F 9．D 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，探讨体育精神应延伸至所有人，批判饭圈不良现象，倡导正确崇拜观。 1．考查动词。句意：但这种精神不应局限于体育场，它应该延伸到所有相关的人。分析句子结构，空格处需填入动词原形与should搭配，且能与to构成短语。结合上文的“But this spirit should not be restricted to the sporting stadium.”可知，此处指的是体育精神延伸，符合语境，extend意为“延伸”，extend to表示“延伸至”。故选G项。 2．考查动词。句意：近年来，中国年轻人对运动员的崇拜急剧增加。句子时态为现在完成时，空格处需填入过去分词，根据常识和上文的“the idolization (崇拜)of athletes”可知，此处指的是对运动员的崇拜增加，arisen（arise的过去分词）意为“出现，产生”，“has arisen dramatically”表示“显著出现”，准确描述了崇拜现象的发展。故选K项。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，一些粉丝做得太过火，促成了“饭圈”文化。空格处需填入现在分词作结果状语，根据上文的“some fans have gone too far”可知，粉丝做的过火，应该“促成”饭圈文化，contributing to意为“导致，促成”，符合“粉丝过度行为导致不良文化”的因果关系。故选J项。 4．考查动词。句意：在最近的乒乓球亚洲杯上，一些粉丝甚至认为辱骂他们支持的运动员的对手是合理的。空格处需填入动词过去式作谓语，且其后使用动名词作宾语，所以此处为justified意为“证明……合理”，此处用于负面语境，体现粉丝行为的失当。故选I项。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：更糟糕的是，运动员在体育场和球场外也正遭受粗暴对待。空格处需填入现在分词与are构成现在进行时，结合下文的“wild treatment beyond stadiums and courts as well.”可知，此处指的是运动员们遭受粗暴对待，undergoing意为“经历，遭受”，与“wild treatment”搭配，描述运动员被骚扰的现状。故选C项。 6．考查名词。句意：这不仅造成安全风险，还会导致真正的情感伤害。空格处需填入名词作宾语，结合上文的“This not only creates safety risks”可知，此处表示与风险相关，vulnerability意为“脆弱，易受伤害”，“emotional vulnerability”表示“情感上的伤害”，与隐私被侵犯的影响一致。故选A项。 7．考查动词。句意：我们应该赞美让运动员变得伟大的品质，而不是专注于竞争或侵犯他们的生活。空格处需填入动词原形与fixate on并列，invade意为“入侵，侵犯”，invade their lives表示“侵犯他们的生活”，呼应前文粉丝跟踪、骚扰的行为。故选H项。 8．考查形容词。句意：他们经历艰苦训练，忍受令人苦恼的伤病。空格处需填入形容词修饰injuries，upsetting意为“令人苦恼的”，符合“运动员忍受伤痛”的语境。故选F项。 9．考查名词。句意：网球传奇人物罗杰·费德勒受人喜爱，不仅因为他卓越的球技，还因为他在球场内外的正直。空格处需填入名词，integrity意为“正直，诚实”，与“尊重对手、谦逊”等品质呼应，体现体育精神。故选D项。 10．考查名词。句意：通过赞美他们的品格，而不仅仅是胜利，我们可以将崇拜转化为动力，而不是痴迷。空格处需填入名词与obsession对比，motivation意为“动力”，“transform admiration into motivation”符合“积极转化崇拜”的语义。故选B项。 Passage 3 （25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．successfully  B．distinct    C． established   D．evaluated    E. consumed   F. complications   G. navigation  H. recreate  I. purposely  J. comprehend   K. reflective   The Lighthouse of Alexandria The Lighthouse of Alexandria is often referred to as “The Pharos of Alexandria”. For as long as historical buildings have been   1 , the Lighthouse of Alexandria is considered to have been one of the top three tallest structures in the world. It is preceded by the two pyramids identified as “Khufu” and “Khafra”. During the years of 956, 1303, and 1323, the immense structure received damage as a result of earthquakes that occurred in the area. The citizens of the time used a mixture of fire and 2 mirror like material in order to provide the lighting needed by ships to discover the port. Claims indicate that the light was so immense that ships as far out to sea as 35 miles could see the   3 light coming from the mysterious lighthouse. There are also legends that the fire emitted from the port was so protective that ships that contained enemies would be 4 at sea so that they would not reach the shores where the lighthouse stood. In the year of 1183, a traveler by the name of Ibn Jubayr observed the Lighthouse of Alexandria and made the following observation: “Description of it falls short, the eyes fail to 5 it, and words are inadequate, so vast is the spectacle...” In the year of 1994, scuba divers that specialize in archaeology searched the water near where the magnificent structure stood. They were able to 6 discover many different pieces of block and other construction materials. It is a mystery as to why the structure finally collapsed into the Mediterranean Sea. It has been 7 that the fall likely occurred in the year of 1326. There are many theories about the final collapse, but many agree that the earthquakes of the area probably resulted in the 8 . There are many other theories that indicate the structure may have been 9 destroyed due to rumors that there were great treasures buried underneath the structure. It is believed that a man identified as the “Caliph at Cairo” was told of a rumor from a neighboring port that extremely valuable treasures were under the building in order to eliminate the port as a   10 system into the area. While this is just a legend, could it have been what led to the fall of the Lighthouse of Alexandria? This remains to be one of the greatest unsolved mysteries of the world. 【答案】 1．C 2．K 3．B 4．E 5．J 6．A 7．D 8．F 9．I 10．G 【导语】本文主要介绍了世界古代七大奇迹之一的亚历山大灯塔的历史、功能、毁坏原因及相关传说。 1．考查动词。句意：自有历史建筑被建造以来，亚历山大灯塔就被认为是世界上最高的三大建筑之一。根据后文“the Lighthouse of Alexandria is considered to have been one of the top three tallest structures in the world.”可知，自有历史建筑被建造以来。空处在“have been”之后，构成现在完成时的被动语态，应用过去分词。established的过去分词为established，含义为“建立；建造”。 2．考查形容词。句意：当时的市民使用火和一种类似镜子的反光材料的混合物，以便为船只提供发现港口所需的照明。根据后文“mirror like materia”可知，利用一种类似镜子的反光材料。空处修饰名词“mirror like material”，应用形容词作定语。reflective为形容词，含义为“反光的；反射的”，与“mirror like”（像镜子一样的）语义呼应。 3．考查形容词。句意：有说法称，灯光如此强烈，以至于远至35英里外海上的船只都能看到这座神秘灯塔发出的清晰光线。根据前文“the light was so immense”可知，能看到这座神秘灯塔发出的清晰光线。空处修饰名词“light”，应用形容词作定语。distinct为形容词，含义为“清晰的；明显的”，用于描述远处可见的明亮光线。 4．考查动词。句意：还有传说称，港口发出的火如此具有保护性，以至于载有敌人的船只会在海上被烧毁，以免它们到达灯塔所在的岸边。 根据前文“the fire emitted from the port was so protective”可知，载有敌人的船只会在海上被烧毁。空处与would be构成被动语态，应用过去分词，consume的过去分词为consumed，含义为“烧毁、消耗”。 5．考查动词。句意：描述它显得苍白，眼睛无法理解它，言语亦显不足，景象如此宏伟……，根据后文“words are inadequate”可知，眼睛无法理解它。空处在不定式符号“to”之后，应用动词原形。comprehend为动词原形，含义为“理解、领会”，与”falls short”（显得不足）和“inadequate”（不充分）构成并列语义。 6．考查副词。句意：他们成功地发现了许多不同的石块和其他建筑材料。根据后文“discover many different pieces of block and other construction materials.”可知，发现了许多不同的石块和其他建筑材料。空处修饰动词“discover”，应用副词。successfully为副词，含义为“成功地”，说明考古潜水员的探索取得了成果。 7．考查动词。句意：据估计，倒塌很可能发生在1326年。根据后文“the fall likely”可知，这是在估计。空处在“has been”之后，构成现在完成时的被动语态，应用过去分词。evaluated的过去分词为evaluated，含义为“评估、估计”，常用于It has been evaluated that...（据估计……）的固定句型。 8．考查名词。句意：关于其最终的衰落有诸多说法，但许多人认为，该地区频发的地震很可能引发了一系列复杂问题。空处在定冠词“the”之后，应用名词。complications为名词复数，含义为“并发症、复杂情况、引发的问题”，此处指地震造成的复杂后果最终导致灯塔倒塌。 9．考查副词。句意：还有许多其他理论表明，该建筑可能是被故意摧毁的，因为有传言称建筑下埋藏着巨大的宝藏。 根据后文“there were great treasures buried underneath the structure.”可知，建筑可能是被故意摧毁的。空处修饰动词destroyed，应用副词，purposely为副词，含义为“故意地、蓄意地”。 10．考查名词。人们认为，一位被称作 “开罗哈里发” 的男子听闻了来自邻近港口的一则传闻：该建筑下方藏有价值连城的宝藏，而散播此传闻的目的，是为了废除该港口作为进入这一地区的导航系统。 根据全篇可知，灯塔是港口导航系统的重要组成部分。空处位于不定冠词a之后，应用名词，navigation为名词，含义为“导航、航行”。 Passage 4 （25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．estimated   B．feasible   C． localized   D．striking   E. category   F. avenues G. endeavor   H. festive   I. exceeding   J. magnifier   K. partnering Blockbuster movies shaping cultural exchange Zootopia 2 has become the highest-grossing (票房最高的) imported film in Chinese box office history, earning more than 4.25 billion yuan. What proved even more 1 , however, was the craze beyond the theater. Cashing in on the excitement of the film’s release, more than 60 domestic brands reportedly launched co-branded products, spanning, designer toys, coffee, snacks, cosmetics, mobile games and even automobiles. Nearly every major consumer 2 was covered. Similarly, the domestic IP Ne Zha 2 saw its post-film merchandise gain momentum over nearly a year, 3 with more than 23 brands across sectors such as child care, digital products, food and beverages and collectible toys. By incorporating traditional Chinese cultural elements during festivals such as the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Dragon Boat Festival, the franchise (系列电影) achieved a(n) 4 total commercial value of 30 to 35 billion yuan. In the past, film revenues relied mainly on box office and copyright sales. Today, the post-film industry has become a powerful 5 of IP value. Data show that for mature film IPs, post-film products can account for over 60 percent of total revenue, far 6 box office earnings. The rapid growth of the post-film industry has also opened new 7 for cultural exchange between China and the rest of the world. High-quality foreign IP s and their post-film products are allowing audiences in China to experience the appeal of different cultures beyond the screen. Hollywood has actively adapted its IP strategies to the Chinese market. Zootopia 2, for instance, was released during the Year of the Snake and promoted a key character, Gary the snake, whose name was humorously 8 for Chinese audiences. Shanghai Disneyland adjusted the operation of its Zootopia zone in sync with the film’s promotion, creating 9 experiences tailored to the Year of the Snake. As international film exchanges deepen, Chinese cinema must continue to learn from global experience while confidently sharing its own cultural narratives. At the heart of this 10 lies sincere storytelling. Only by telling stories that genuinely resonate can IP value remain vibrant. 【答案】 1．D 2．E 3．K 4．A 5．J 6．I 7．F 8．C 9．H 10．G 【导语】文章主要讲述了热门电影及其衍生产品的商业价值，以及电影IP在中外文化交流中发挥的作用。 1．考查形容词。句意：然而，更引人注目的是影院之外的热潮。根据后文“Cashing in on the excitement of the film’s release, more than 60 domestic brands reportedly launched co-branded products”可知，超过60个国内品牌推出了联名产品，这体现了电影带来的狂热程度，所以本空应填一个表示“显著的”或“惊人的”的形容词，striking意为“显著的”，符合语境。 2．考查名词。句意：几乎所有主要消费类别都被涵盖了。根据前文“spanning designer toys, coffee, snacks, cosmetics, mobile games and even automobiles”可知，设计师玩具、咖啡等涉及多个不同的消费领域，所以本空应填一个表示“种类、类别”的名词，category意为“类别、种类”，符合语境。 3．考查动词。句意：同样，国产IP《哪吒2》的电影衍生周边在近一年内势头强劲，与育儿、数码产品、食品饮料、收藏玩具等领域的23多个品牌合作。根据后文“with more than 23 brands across sectors such as child care, digital products”可知，《哪吒2》与多个领域的品牌有合作，所以本空应填一个表示“合作”的动词，partnering意为“合作、协作”，此处为现在分词作伴随状语。 4．考查形容词。句意：通过在中秋节、端午节等节日融入中国传统文化元素，该系列电影实现了估计300至350亿元的总商业价值。根据后文“total commercial value of 30 to 35 billion yuan”可知，300至350亿元是一个大致的数值，并非精确计算，所以本空应填一个表示“估计的、预计的”的形容词，estimated意为“估计的、预计的”，符合语境。 5．考查名词。句意：如今，电影衍生行业已成为IP价值的有力放大器。根据后文“Data show that for mature film IPs, post-film products can account for over 60 percent of total revenue”可知，电影衍生产品大幅提升了IP的总收入，放大了IP价值，所以本空应填一个表示“放大器”的名词，magnifier意为“放大器、放大镜”，符合语境。 6．考查动词。句意：数据显示，对于成熟的电影IP，衍生产品占总收入的比例可超过60%，远超过票房收入。根据前文“post-film products can account for over 60 percent of total revenue”可知，衍生产品收入占比很高，远超票房收入，所以本空应填一个表示“超过、超出”的动词，exceeding意为“超过、超出”，此处为现在分词作伴随状语。 7．考查名词。句意：电影衍生行业的快速发展也为中外文化交流开辟了新途径。根据后文“for cultural exchange between China and the rest of the world”可知，电影衍生行业为中外文化交流提供了新的方式和渠道，所以本空应填一个表示“途径、方法”的名词，avenues意为“途径、方法”，符合语境。 8．考查动词。句意：例如，《疯狂动物城2》在蛇年上映，并推出了关键角色——蛇加里，其名字为中国观众进行了幽默的本土化调整。根据前文“Hollywood has actively adapted its IP strategies to the Chinese market”可知，好莱坞会调整IP策略以适应中国市场，名字的调整也是本土化的体现，所以本空应填一个表示“使本土化”的动词，localized意为“使本土化、本地化”，此处是过去分词与前文的was一起构成一般过去时的被动语态。 9．考查形容词。句意：上海迪士尼乐园同步调整其动物城区域的运营以配合电影宣传，打造了适合蛇年的节日氛围体验。根据前文“released during the Year of the Snake”可知，电影在蛇年上映，相关体验也贴合节日氛围，所以本空应填一个表示“节日的、喜庆的”的形容词，festive意为“节日的、喜庆的”，符合语境。 10．考查名词。句意：这一努力的核心是真诚的故事讲述。根据前文“Chinese cinema must continue to learn from global experience while confidently sharing its own cultural narratives”可知，中国电影借鉴经验、分享文化叙事是一项需要付出的行动，所以本空应填一个表示“努力、尝试”的名词，endeavor意为“努力、尝试”，符合语境。 Passage 5 （25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．addiction    B．boom  C． consequently  D．drain   E. police    F. replacing   G. rushing     H. steady    I. steer    J. tragically    K. vulnerable Meet the real screen addicts: the elderly As ownership of digital devices becomes more common, older people’s screen time is growing. Instead of 1 time spent on other media, phones and tablets seem to be adding to the daily total. Over the past decade, TV and radio consumption among people in their 50s and 60s has held 2 , while time spent on social media, gaming and audio streaming have all increased. Ofcom has found that combining TV and smart devices, those of retirement age clock up more daily screen time than do young adults. Older people face some online risks that other 3 groups do not. Unlike most teenagers, their phones and tablets are often linked to their bank accounts. In-app purchasing within games — so-called trophies and the like — can 4 wallets. So can fraudsters (骗子), who are able to contact and rob their victims within the same app. “In poor countries especially, older people have embraced WhatsApp for everything,” says Dr Vahia, “which is also the platform of choice for fraudsters as a result.” The elderly also lack the social guardrails that regulate teenagers’ screen time. During the day teachers 5 teens’ phone usage, while parents do the nagging (唠叨) in the evening. By contrast, elderly people are their own bosses; they may not have someone to 6 them towards help if they need it. “ 7 , with older people, sometimes there is simply no one around, or if then no one really notices what they’re up to on their computer,” says Henrietta Bowden-Jones. Elderly people are much less likely than the young to complain to their doctor of phone 8 , says Dr Vahia. But in some cases, screen time is what lies behind other, more obvious problems in older patients, he says. For instance, alarming and misleading news may be a particular threat to the elderly, who are twice as likely as under-25s to use news apps or websites. Yet a 9 in screen time among the elderly is by no means all bad. Professor Bowden-Jones believes that for people forced to stay at home, because they feel unable to get out or because they can no longer drive, the ability to follow pursuits online “is just so wonderfully invigorating”. Messaging apps bring family closer. Gaming passes the time. Spotify and YouTube are nostalgia machines that bring childhood music and video 10 back. 【答案】 1．F 2．H 3．K 4．D 5．E 6．I 7．J 8．A 9．B 10．G 【导语】文章主要阐述随着数字设备的普及，老年人屏幕使用时间增长，他们面临一些特殊的网络风险，但屏幕使用对他们也有积极影响，如丰富居家生活、拉近与家人距离等。 1．考查动词。句意：手机和平板电脑似乎并没有取代花在其他媒体上的时间反而增加了每日的总时长。结合“phones and tablets seem to be adding to the daily total. ”可知，“instead of”是介词短语其后需接动名词形式作宾语表达手机和平板电脑并非替代了花在其他媒体上的时间，“replacing”符合语境用于说明手机和平板电脑与其他媒体使用时间的关系。 2．考查形容词。句意：在过去十年里50多岁和60多岁人群对电视和广播的消费保持稳定而花在社交媒体、游戏和音频流媒体上的时间都有所增加。“hold”在这里作为系动词后接形容词作表语，结合“while time spent on social media, gaming and audio streaming have all increased”可知，对电视和广播的消费保持稳定，“hold steady”表示保持稳定的状态。 3．考查形容词。句意：老年人面临一些其他弱势群体没有的网络风险。“groups”是名词需要形容词来修饰像老年人这样易遭受网络风险的群体，“vulnerable”符合语境，用于说明该群体的特点。 4．考查动词。句意：游戏内的应用内购买——所谓的战利品之类的——会耗尽钱包。“can”是情态动词后接动词原形表达应用内购买这种行为会使钱包里的钱被耗尽，“drain”符合语境用于描述应用内购买对钱包造成的影响。 5．考查动词。句意：白天老师监督青少年的手机使用情况晚上家长则唠叨此事。句子缺少谓语动词，描述老师在白天对青少年手机使用进行管理这一动作，“police”符合语境用于体现老师对青少年手机使用的监管行为。 6．考查动词。句意：相比之下老年人自己做主；如果他们需要帮助可能没有人引导他们获得帮助。“to”为不定式符号后接动词原形构成动词不定式“steer sb. towards...”表示“引导某人走向……”，这里表示当老年人需要帮助时可能无人引导他们获得帮助。 7．考查副词。句意：亨丽埃塔・鲍登 - 琼斯表示：可悲的是，对于老年人而言，身边有时根本无人陪伴；即便有人在旁，也没人真正留意他们在电脑上做些什么。老年人身边常常没人，没人注意他们在电脑上做什么，这是可悲的情况，tragically意思是“可悲的是”符合，作状语。 8．考查名词。句意：瓦希博士说老年人比年轻人更不太可能向医生抱怨手机成瘾问题。此句描述老年人向医生抱怨手机成瘾问题的可能性，“addiction”符合语境，用于说明抱怨的内容。 9．考查名词。句意：然而老年人屏幕时间的激增并非全是坏事。空处应填名词作主语，“boom”符合语境，用于描述老年人屏幕时间变多。 10．考查动词。句意：Spotify和YouTube是怀旧机器能让童年的音乐和视频快速回到眼前。结合“ Spotify and YouTube are nostalgia machines”可知，此处指让与童年有关的事物快速回到眼前，rush back意思是“快速返回；突然回来”，“rushing”在这里作宾语补足语。 Passage 6 （25-26高二下·上海黄浦·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．address    B．yield    C． marked    D．initially    E. potential    F. produce G. intense    H. sound    I. feature    J. harbored    K. virtually The Rise of Urban Vertical Gardening For many years, city centers have been seen as “concrete jungles,” where tall buildings covered the sky and nature was limited to small parks far away. However, by early 2026, the global urban planning plan is rapidly changing this story to fight the worsening climate problems. The landscape of modern cities is currently undergoing a(n) 1 change as scientists and architects work together to reduce the urban heat effect, a problem that has long troubled people living in big cities with very hot summer temperatures. This shift shows a change from treating green plants as simple decorations to making them a working part of building design. In many modern districts, the plain grey concrete that once covered rooftops has 2 disappeared, replaced by green vertical farms that grow on the sides of glass buildings. These gardens 3 multiple ecological roles, serving not only to provide a local source of food but also to collect used water and significantly lower the surrounding temperatures. They effectively work as a “living skin” for the city, absorbing sunlight and reducing the 4 heat trapped in narrow streets, creating a cooler and more comfortable urban environment. In the early stages of development, many urban planners and experts 5 doubts about the high costs and technical problems that these green structures were intended to 6 . People worried whether the watering systems could work well in extreme weather or if the added weight of wet soil would damage the foundations of old buildings. However, clear data collected over the past year has shown that these vertical gardens are far more 7 than people expected. They have proven to be very strong, providing a high 8 of organic food even during periods of unexpected dry weather or transport problems. The 9 for reducing a city’s carbon footprint through this method is great, especially when used with clean energy. Besides storing carbon, these green areas help birds and insects find a home in the city. Despite the great benefits of having high-quality 10 grown just a few floors away, some developers still don’t want to make the change because they are worried about money in the short term. Nevertheless, experts argue that functional green space must be treated as a necessity rather than a luxury. 【答案】 1．C 2．K 3．I 4．G 5．J 6．A 7．H 8．B 9．E 10．F 【导语】文章主要介绍了城市垂直园艺的兴起，讲述了垂直绿植农场给城市环境带来的改变、人们对此项目曾经的担忧以及它在低碳环保、粮食供给等方面的巨大潜力。 1．考查形容词。句意：随着科学家与建筑师携手缓解城市热岛效应这一长期困扰大城市居民夏季高温生活的难题，现代城市风貌正经历着显著的变化。空处修饰名词change，应用形容词，结合 as scientists and architects work together to reduce the urban heat effect可知，城市发生了显著的变化，marked表示“显著的，明显的”符合题意。 2．考查副词。句意：在很多现代化区域，曾经铺满屋顶的灰色水泥几乎已经消失，取而代之的是玻璃建筑外墙生长的绿色垂直农场。空处修饰动词disappeared，应用副词，结合replaced by green vertical farms that grow on the sides of glass buildings.可知，灰色的水泥几乎消失了，virtually表示“几乎，差不多”符合语境。 3．考查动词。句意：这些花园具备多重生态功能，不仅可以提供本地食物来源，还能收集废水并显著降低周边温度。空处作谓语，结合multiple ecological roles可知，花园具备多种功能，feature表示“具有，具备（特征、功能）”，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语gardens是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 4．考查形容词。句意：它们如同城市的一层“鲜活外衣”，吸收阳光、散去狭窄街道积聚的酷热，打造出更加凉爽舒适的城市环境。空处修饰名词heat，应用形容词，结合trapped in narrow streets可知，狭窄的街道非常热，intense表示“强烈的，酷热的”符合语境。 5．考查动词。句意：在发展初期，许多城市规划者和专家都心存疑虑，担忧这些绿色建筑想要解决的成本与技术难题。空处作谓语，harbor doubts为固定搭配，表示“心存疑虑”，结合上文 In the early stages of development可知，句子陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，harbor用过去式harbored。 6．考查动词。句意：在发展初期，许多城市规划者和专家都心存疑虑，担忧这些绿色建筑想要解决的成本与技术难题。be intended to后接动词原形，结合problems可知，此处指解决问题，address表示“解决”符合语境。 7．考查形容词。句意：然而一年的数据表明，垂直花园比人们预想的更加稳固可靠。空处作表语，结合下文 They have proven to be very strong可知，垂直花园比人们预想的要稳固，sound表示“安全的，稳固的，可靠的”符合语境。 8．考查名词。句意：它们十分坚固，即使干旱或运输受阻也能产出高产量有机食材。空处作宾语，结合organic food even during periods of unexpected dry weather or transport problems可知，此处指高产量，名词yield“产量”符合，a high yield of为固定搭配，表示“……的高产量”。 9．考查名词。句意：用这种方式降低城市碳足迹的潜力十分巨大，尤其是使用这些清洁能源。空处在句中作主语，potential表示“潜力，可能性”，符合语境。 10．考查名词。句意：尽管足不出楼就能收获优质农产品益处良多，部分开发商由于担心短期的金钱仍不愿做出改变。空处作宾语，结合上文organic food和垂直农场的背景可知，此处指农产品，produce“农产品”符合，为不可数名词。 语篇类型三: 人与自然（5篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二下·上海·阶段检测）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．advocacy  B．effectively  C． endangered  D．identified  E. mirror F. polarizing  G. promise  H. promoting  I. surfacing  J. slightly  K. generated Rewriting the Relationship Between Elephant and Keeper In 2019, before Covid-19 damaged international tourism, Thailand was the eighth-most-visited country in the world. Its 39.8 million international visitors 1 20% of the country’s GDP. Elephants are Thailand’s biggest attraction: The World Animal Protection Agency estimates that, before the pandemic, elephant tourism brought in an income of $581-770 million USD every year. The boom of elephant tourism has been accompanied by criticism, with reports 2 of animal abuse and a lack of government regulation. Since the 2000s, 3 for better elephant welfare has been raised by animal rights groups such as Lek Chailer t of Elephant Nature Park. In response to the criticism, the Thai government passed its first animal welfare act in 2014, and 4 ceased the illegal capture of wild elephants. Tourism companies stopped 5 elephant rides and shows. Instead, they began to advertise “ethical” elephant experiences and 6 “no hook, no chain, no riding.” The debate around elephant tourism is deeply 7 , setting elephant welfare against Thai tradition. Thai laws 8 this duality (双重性), governing its wild and caged elephants as if they were entirely different creatures. Wild elephants are treated as a(n) 9 species and have lived in Thailand’s national parks protected by strict conservation laws since 1921. Its caged elephants, on the other hand, are working animals, governed by the department in charge of livestock. Even though Thailand has more captive elephants than anywhere else in Asia, today, the country’s 3,837 captive elephants only 10 outnumber the wild ones, caught as they are between a fading tradition and a booming industry. Ensuring elephant welfare isn’t as simple as setting all of them free. 【答案】 1．K 2．I 3．A 4．B 5．H 6．G 7．F 8．E 9．C 10．J 【导语】主要介绍泰国大象旅游曾创造巨大经济收益，但伴随动物虐待争议，相关倡导与法规出台后行业转向伦理化，该国法律对野生与圈养大象区别对待，大象保护面临复杂双重困境。 1．考查动词。句意：其3980万国际游客创造了该国20%的国内生产总值。根据“20% of the country’s GDP”可知，此处表示国际游客创造了该国20%的国内生产总值，应用动词generated“产生，创造”，符合题意。 2．考查动词。句意：大象旅游的繁荣伴随着批评，有报道称动物虐待和缺乏政府监管。根据“of animal abuse and a lack of government regulation”可知，此处表示虐待动物与缺乏监管的报道不断浮现，surface表示“浮现、显露”，与reports之间是主动关系，使用现在分词形式surfacing。 3．考查名词。句意：自21世纪初以来，像大象自然公园的Lek Chailert这样的动物权利组织就发起了改善大象福利的倡议。根据空后的“for better elephant welfare”可知，此处表示动物权利组织发起了改善大象福利的倡议，应用名词advocacy“倡导，拥护”，符合题意。 4．考查副词。句意：针对这些批评，泰国政府于2014年通过了第一部动物福利法案，有效地停止了非法捕捉野生大象的行为。根据空后的“ceased the illegal capture of wild elephants”可知，此处表示政府有效地停止了非法捕捉野生大象，应用副词effectively“有效地”，修饰动词ceased，符合题意。 5．考查动词。句意：旅游公司停止推广骑大象和表演。根据空后的“Instead, they began to advertise “ethical” elephant experiences”可知，此处表示旅游公司停止推广骑大象和表演，应用动词promoting“促进，推广”，符合题意。 6．考查动词。句意：相反，他们开始宣传“道德”的大象体验，并承诺“无钩、无链、无骑乘”。根据空后的“no hook, no chain, no riding”可知，此处表示promise表示“承诺”，与advertise并列。 7．考查形容词。句意：关于大象旅游的争论极具两极分化，将大象福利与泰国传统对立起来。根据空后的“setting elephant welfare against Thai tradition”可知，此处表示关于大象旅游的争论极具两极分化，应用形容词polarizing“两极分化的”，符合题意。 8．考查动词。句意：泰国法律反映了这种双重性，对野生大象和圈养大象的管理方式截然不同，仿佛它们是完全不同的生物。根据空后的“governing its wild and caged elephants as if they were entirely different creatures”可知，此处表示泰国法律反映了这种双重性，应用动词mirror“反映，映照”，符合题意。 9．考查形容词。句意：野生大象被视为濒危物种，自1921年以来一直生活在泰国国家公园，受到严格保护法的保护。根据空后的“protected by strict conservation laws since 1921”可知，此处表示野生大象被视为濒危物种、受到保护，应用形容词endangered“濒危的”，修饰名词species，符合题意。 10．考查副词。句意：尽管泰国的圈养大象数量比亚洲其他任何地方都多，但如今，该国的3837头圈养大象仅略多于野生大象，因为它们正处于一种逐渐消失的传统和蓬勃发展的产业之间。根据空后的“outnumber the wild ones”可知，此处表示圈养大象的数量仅略多于野生大象，应用副词slightly“略微，稍微”，修饰动词outnumber，符合题意。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海徐汇·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．survived   B．interaction   C． shrinking   D．lessons    E. evidence   F. habitats G. ultimately   H. temporarily   I. extinction   J. factor    K. existing New research reveals that some of South America’s largest prehistoric animals, including saber toothed cats and giant sloths (树懒) weighing over 4 tons, survived much longer than scientists previously believed — some until just 3,500 years ago. This discovery challenges 1 theories about what caused their extinction. For decades, researchers thought these “megafauna” (大型动物) died out around 11,700 years ago, when Earth’s climate warmed (the start of the Holocene period), and humans spread across the Americas. However, a Brazilian research team has found 2 that many species persisted for thousands of years after human arrival. Using radiocarbon dating on fossils from eight species, including the massive sloth Eremotherium laurillardi and saber-toothed cat Smilodon popular, scientists discovered most 3 until 6,000-8,000 years ago. Two species — a giant llama (美洲驼) (Palaeolama major) and a camel-like creature (Xenorhinotherium bahiense) — lasted until 3,500 years ago, making them the continent’s last surviving megafauna. The team argues that environmental changes, not human hunting, were the main cause of 4 . As the Holocene (全新世) climate transformed South America’s landscapes — 5 grasslands and expanding forests — these large animals lost their 6 . “While humans may have contributed, habitat loss was the primary 7 ,” says lead researcher Fábio Cortes. Other experts disagree. Jens-Christian Svenning suggests growing human populations 8 caused the extinctions, though he acknowledges climate played a role. Suresh Singh notes the complex 9 between human activity and environmental change likely sealed the megafauna’s fate. This debate continues as scientists re-examine why Earth’s largest creatures disappeared — with important 10 for modern conservation efforts. 【答案】 1．K 2．E 3．A 4．I 5．C 6．F 7．J 8．G 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了南美大型史前动物灭绝时间及原因的新研究引发争议，对现代保护工作有启示。 1．考查形容词。句意：这一发现挑战了关于它们灭绝原因的现有理论。根据空后的theories可知，空处需用形容词修饰名词，existing“现有的”符合句意，指现有的理论。故选K。 2．考查名词。句意：然而，一个巴西研究团队发现了证据，表明许多物种在人类到来后又持续了数千年。根据空前的found可知，空处应填名词作宾语，结合下文“that many species persisted for thousands of years after human arrival.”可知evidence“证据”符合句意，指发现了物种持续存在的证据。故选E。 3．考查动词。句意：科学家们通过对包括巨大的树懒Eremotherium laurillardi和剑齿虎Smilodon popular在内的8个物种的化石进行放射性碳年代测定，发现大多数物种存活到6000 - 8000年前。根据句意及空前的discovered可知，空处应用动词survived“存活”，作宾语从句的谓语，表示“发现大多数物种存活到……”。故选A。 4．考查名词。句意：研究小组认为，环境变化，而不是人类狩猎，是灭绝的主要原因。根据空前的“the main cause of”可知，空处应填名词，extinction“灭绝”符合句意，指环境变化是灭绝的主因。故选I。 5．考查动词。句意：随着全新世的气候改变了南美洲的景观——草原缩小，森林扩大——这些大型动物失去了它们的栖息地。根据空后的grasslands and expanding forests可知，空处需用现在分词作伴随状语，shrinking“缩小”符合句意，描述草原的变化。故选C。 6．考查名词。句意：随着全新世的气候改变了南美洲的景观——草原缩小，森林扩大——这些大型动物失去了它们的栖息地。根据句意及空前的形容词性物主代词their可知，空处应用名词habitats“栖息地”，作lost的宾语，表示“失去了它们的栖息地”。故选F。 7．考查名词。句意：“虽然人类可能也促成了这一结果，但栖息地丧失是主要因素，”首席研究员法比奥·科尔特斯说。根据句意及空前的形容词primary可知，空处应用名词factor“因素”，作表语，表示“栖息地丧失是主要因素”。故选J。 8．考查副词。句意：延斯-克里斯蒂安·斯文宁表示，不断增长的人口最终导致了灭绝，尽管他承认气候也起到了一定作用。根据句意及空后的动词caused可知，空处应用副词ultimately“最终”，修饰动词caused，表示“最终导致了灭绝”。故选G。 9．考查名词。句意：苏雷什·辛格指出，人类活动与环境变化之间的复杂相互作用可能决定了这些大型动物的命运。根据句意及空前的形容词complex可知，空处应用名词interaction“相互作用”，作notes的宾语从句的主语，指两者之间的相互影响。故选B。 10．考查名词。句意：随着科学家们重新审视地球最大生物消失的原因，这场辩论仍在继续 —— 这对现代保护工作有着重要的教训。根据空前的important可知，空处应填名词，lessons“教训”符合句意，指对保护工作有借鉴意义。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．unrecognized B．consequently C．fiction D．advanced E．historically F．understanding G．identify H．picture I．unaffected J．long-standing K．breakthroughs A New Dark Age Possibility Imagine a future in which humanity’s wisdom about Earth — our vast experience with weather trends, fish migration patterns and much more — turns out-of-date. Civilization enters a dark age in its 1 of our planet. To comprehend, how this could occur, 2 yourself in our grandchildren’s time. Significant global warming has occurred, as scientists predicted. Nature’s 3 patterns — relied on for millennia by humanity to plan everything — are no longer so reliable. Cycles that have been largely repeatable are disrupted (打乱) by dramatic climate changes. As Earth’s warming becomes stable, new patterns begin to appear. At first, they are hard to 4 These new patterns need many years — sometimes decades — to reveal themselves fully. Until then, farmers will struggle to predict new seasonal patterns and regularly plant wrong crops. Early signs of major disasters will go 5 . Disruptive impacts will be widespread. Such a dark age is a growing possibility. In a recent report, scientists concluded that human-caused global warming was already changing patterns of some extreme weather events. Our foundation of Earth knowledge, largely obtained from 6 observed patterns, has been central to society’s progress. Early cultures kept track of nature’s ebb and flow (起伏盛衰), passing improved knowledge about Earth to each new generation. Science has sped up this process through 7 observation methods. However, as Earth warms, our historical understanding will turn out-of-date faster than we can replace it with new knowledge. Some patterns will change significantly; others will be largely 8 though it will be difficult to say what will change, by how much, and when. Without big scientific 9 , we will remain reliant on pattern-based methods. The problem is, these patterns will become increasingly difficult to track. Predicting extreme weather may become even tougher than it is today. We 10 will face huge challenges. Our grandchildren could grow up knowing less about the planet than we do today. This is not what we want to leave them, yet we are on the edge of ensuring this happens. 【答案】 1．F 2．H 3．J 4．G 5．A 6．E 7．D 8．I 9．K 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了全球变暖可能导致人类对地球的认知陷入“新黑暗时代”的风险：气候模式的改变会使传统知识过时，若缺乏科学突破，人类将难以适应新变化，面临巨大挑战。 1．考查名词。句意：文明在对我们星球的理解上进入了一个黑暗时代。根据上文“humanity’s wisdom about Earth — our vast experience with weather trends, fish migration patterns and much more(人类对地球的智慧——我们对天气趋势、鱼类迁徙模式等的丰富经验)”可知，此处指对地球的理解进入黑暗时代，空处应用名词understanding，表示“理解”，作介词in的宾语。故选F。 2．考查动词。句意：为了理解这是如何发生的，想象一下自己身处孙辈的时代。分析句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，空处应用动词原形，结合“身处孙辈时代”的语境可知，此处应用picture表示“想象”。故选H。 3．考查形容词。句意：人类数千年来赖以规划一切的自然长期模式不再那么可靠。根据下文“relied on for millennia(依赖了几千年)”可知，此处指自然长期模式不再可靠，空处应用形容词long-standing，表示“长期的”，修饰名词patterns。故选J。 4．考查动词。句意：起初，它们很难识别。根据下文“These new patterns need many years — sometimes decades — to reveal themselves fully.”可知，新的模式需要很多年才能完全显现，所以起初很难识别，空处应用动词identify，表示“识别”，且空前有不定式符号to，所以空处用动词原形。故选G。 5．考查形容词。句意：重大灾难的早期迹象将不被注意。根据上文“These new patterns need many years — sometimes decades — to reveal themselves fully. Until then, farmers will struggle to predict new seasonal patterns and regularly plant wrong crops.(这些新的模式需要很多年——有时是几十年——才能完全显露出来。在此之前，农民将难以预测新的季节模式，并经常种植错误的作物)”可知，此处指重大灾难的早期迹象将不被注意，“go + 形容词”表示状态，空处应用形容词unrecognized，表示“未被注意的”，作表语。故选A。 6．考查副词。句意：我们对地球知识的基础，主要来自于对历史上观察到的模式的理解，一直是社会进步的核心。根据下文“Early cultures kept track of nature’s ebb and flow (起伏盛衰), passing improved knowledge about Earth to each new generation.(早期的文化记录着自然的起伏盛衰，将对地球的认识传给每一代新人)”可知，此处指对历史上观察到的模式的理解，空处应用副词historically，表示“历史上地”，修饰动词observed。故选E。 7．考查形容词。句意：科学通过先进的观察方法加速了这一过程。根据“Science has sped up this process”可知，此处指先进的观察方法加速了这一过程，空处应用形容词advanced，表示“先进的”，修饰名词observation methods。故选D。 8．考查形容词。句意：一些模式将发生重大变化；而其他模式将基本不受影响，尽管很难说哪些会改变，改变多少，以及何时改变。此处和上文“Some patterns will change significantly”形成对比，故指其他模式将基本不受影响，空处应用形容词unaffected，表示“不受影响的”，作表语。故选I。 9．考查名词。句意：如果没有重大的科学突破，我们将继续依赖基于模式的方法。根据“we will remain reliant on pattern-based methods”可知，此处指如果没有重大的科学突破，空处应用名词breakthroughs，表示“突破”，作介词without的宾语。故选K。 10．考查副词。句意：我们因此将面临巨大的挑战。根据上文“we will remain reliant on pattern-based methods”和“The problem is, these patterns will become increasingly difficult to track. Predicting extreme weather may become even tougher than it is today.(问题是，这些模式将变得越来越难以追踪。预测极端天气可能会比现在更加困难)”可知，此处指无疑将面临巨大的挑战，应用副词consequently，表示“因此，无疑地”，来表示一种因果关系。故选B。 Passage 4 （25-26高三下·上海·阶段检测）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．anchoring    B．chorus    C． cooperative    D．documenting    E. enhance    F. essentially G. host    H. randomly    I. recognizable    J. shoots    K. vocabulary Distant Diplomacy When danger approaches, many creatures seem to follow the ancient proverb that “the enemy of my enemy is my friend.” Researchers have recently been finding subtle ways that animals communicate with other species in this kind of 1 defense treaty. For example, Nature Ecology & Evolution carries a recent study 2 more than 20 bird species on four continents that emit virtually identical “whining (哀鸣)” calls when they spot brood parasites (寄生繁殖) such as cuckoos. “That call is 3 the word for ‘cuckoo,’” says study co-lead author James Kennerley at Cornell University. “And it’s recruiting individuals to come together against this common enemy.” Brood parasites lay eggs in other birds’ nests, manipulating the 4 parents into raising their chicks for them. At a field site in Australia, Kennerley has witnessed individuals from a dozen or more species attack a cuckoo in response to whining calls in 5 . These mobs can be so aggressive that Kennerley needs to cage the specimen used in their experiments to protect it. Otherwise the attacking birds would have “just completely torn it to pieces,” Kennerley says. Many birds also share a common 6 for predators. Research by wildlife ecologist Erick Greene shows that various songbirds produce 7 “seet” calls to warn of a raptor (猛禽) in flight. The calls are too high-pitched for raptors to hear well, so the predators remain unaware as information about their arrival 8 through the forest. If the raptor settles, songbirds switch to “mobbing” calls, a distinct sound that, as Greene puts it, “draws in the troops to drive that raptor off.” Defense is not the only reason for cross-species communication. Among other things, it may help birds migrate and 9 food intake. A recent study found that when seabirds with good vision search for food with seabirds with strong senses of smell, they both have far greater success at catching krill. Unlike with the seet and whining calls, however, it’s unclear whether they’re deliberately signaling to one another or “just 10 following other birds,” says study lead author Jesse Granger, a biophysicist at Duke University. But clearly, “very complex multispecies communication networks are pervasive,” Greene says. “It really benefits animals to pay attention to one another.” 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．F 4．G 5．B 6．K 7．I 8．J 9．E 10．H 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了动物之间存在跨物种交流，在防御、迁徙和觅食等方面发挥着重要作用。 1．考查形容词。句意：研究人员最近发现了动物以这种合作的防御方式与其他物种交流的微妙方式。空后为名词短语defense treaty，应用形容词修饰。根据“many creatures seem to follow the ancient proverb that “the enemy of my enemy is my friend.””可知，许多生物似乎都遵循着一句古老的谚语：“敌人的敌人就是朋友。”，这表明动物之间存在一种合作的防御关系。C选项cooperative“合作的”符合语境，作定语，修饰defense treaty。故选C。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，《自然生态与进化》杂志最近发表了一项研究，记录了四大洲20多种鸟类在发现杜鹃等巢寄生鸟类时发出的几乎相同的“哀鸣”声。根据“more than 20 bird species on four continents that emit virtually identical “whining (哀鸣)” calls”可知，研究对此现象进行了记录，D选项documenting“记录”，符合语境，document与study为主动关系，用现在分词，作后置定语，修饰study。故选D。 3．考查副词。句意：康奈尔大学的研究共同负责人詹姆斯·肯纳利说：“这种叫声本质上就是‘杜鹃’的信号”。根据“the word for ‘cuckoo,’”可知，这里强调的是哀鸣声与“杜鹃”这个词之间的本质联系。F选项essentially“本质上”符合语境，修饰整个句子，作状语，说明哀鸣声本质上就是“杜鹃”的代名词。故选F。 4．考查形容词。句意：巢寄生鸟类在其他鸟类的巢中产卵，操纵寄主父母为它们抚养雏鸟。根据“parents into raising their chicks for them”可知，这里指的是被巢寄生鸟类利用的鸟，即寄主父母。G选项host“寄主的，主人的”，形容词，修饰parents，作定语，符合语境。故选G。 5．考查名词。句意：在澳大利亚的一个野外地点，肯纳利看到，十几种或更多种类的鸟会齐声对哀鸣声做出反应，攻击一只杜鹃。根据“individuals from a dozen or more species attack a cuckoo in response to whining calls in”可知，这里描述的是多种鸟同时发出声音攻击杜鹃的场景。B选项chorus“齐声，合唱”，符合题意，in chorus为固定短语，意为“齐声，一起”。故选B。 6．考查名词。句意：许多鸟类也有一个共同的关于捕食者的词汇。根据后文“various songbirds produce ______ “seet” calls to warn of a raptor (猛禽) in flight”提到各种鸣禽发出不同的声音来警告捕食者，可以推断这里说的是鸟类有关于捕食者的共同“词汇”或声音信号。K选项vocabulary“词汇”符合语境，在此处引申为鸟类用来交流关于捕食者信息的声音集合。故选K。 7．考查形容词。句意：野生动物生态学家埃里克·格林的研究表明，各种鸣禽会发出可识别的“嘶嘶”声来警告空中飞行的猛禽。根据““seet” calls to warn of a raptor (猛禽) in flight”可知，这里强调的是“嘶嘶”声能够被其他鸟类识别出来，从而起到警告作用。I选项recognizable“可识别的”符合语境，修饰“seet” calls，作定语。故选I。 8．考查动词。句意：这些叫声音调太高，猛禽很难听清，因此当关于它们来袭的信息在森林中迅速传开时，这些捕食者仍浑然不觉。根据“through the forest”可知，这里描述的是信息在森林中的传播过程。J选项shoots“迅速传播”符合语境，作as引导的时间状语从句的谓语，说明信息在森林中迅速传播而猛禽未察觉。故选J。 9．考查动词。句意：除此之外，它可能有助于鸟类迁徙和增强食物摄入量。根据“food intake. A recent study found that when seabirds with good vision search for food with seabirds with strong senses of smell, they both have far greater success at catching krill”可知，这里强调的是跨物种交流对鸟类食物摄入量的积极影响。E选项enhance“增强，提高”符合语境，说明交流有助于鸟类增强食物摄入量。故选E。 10．考查副词。句意：然而，与“嘶嘶”声和哀鸣声不同，目前尚不清楚它们是否在故意向对方发出信号，还是只是随机跟随其他鸟类。根据“following other birds”可知，这里描述的是鸟类行为的不确定性，即它们是否是有目的地交流还是随机跟随。H选项randomly“随机地”符合语境，修饰following other birds，作状语。故选H。 Passage 5 （25-26高二上·上海崇明·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．bodies  B．contributions  C． endangered  D．generously  E. independently F. inferior  G. partnership H. persuaded  I. productive  J. regenerate  K. shaded When Joe Gray cleared a patch of woodland on his Essex farm, he noticed that an abandoned farm pond sprang back to life after being exposed to sunlight. “It was a hole in the woods with some leaves in it. We didn’t think of it as a pond,” he said. Since then, he and his wife, Emma, have restored 11 “zombie” ponds on their 450-hectare farm. They have also 1 neighboring farmers to restore 80 ponds within a three-mile radius near Braintree. Ponds that were dried up or 2 have been opened to sunlight and dug out. They are now filled with rare aquatic plants, dragonflies, and great-crested newts, while providing food and water for birds and bats. “It’s ideal for farmers,” said Emma Gray. “You spend a little and get a lot of biodiversity benefits in a(n) 3 area for farming. You’re not taking 4 land out, but quickly build up a network for species to hop across a landscape.” This effort has been driven by the Essex Lost Ponds Project, a(n) 5 between Essex Wildlife Trust and the RSPB．Volunteers have identified 17,200 ponds across the county, of which 10,400 have disappeared due to agricultural intensification in the 20th century. The Lost Ponds Project offers farmers free surveys identifying ghost or zombie ponds that can be restored along with funding opportunities, including 6 from house-builders. The Farming Wildlife and Advisory Group East also helps farmers access restoration funds. Some farmers are restoring ponds 7 . At Faulkbourne estate, six of 49 old ponds have been revived without funding. “Our farmers are very supportive of wildlife,” said Darren Tansley of Essex Wildlife Trust. “For conservation 8 , farmers, and citizen scientists to work together on this does us all some good.” Restored ponds benefit turtle doves, one of Britain’s most 9 birds, by providing fresh water near nesting sites. Other wildlife also flourishes. “It’s stepping stones for water voles,” said Tansley. “If you’ve got a seedbed in an old pond, you can 10 plants that haven’t grown there for 150 years.” 【答案】 1．H 2．K 3．F 4．I 5．G 6．B 7．E 8．A 9．C 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了格雷夫妇在英国埃塞克斯郡发起的“僵尸池塘”修复项目，该项目通过清理、恢复干涸或被遮蔽的池塘，显著提升了当地的生物多样性，并促进了环保组织、农民和社区居民之间的合作。 1．考查动词。句意：他们还说服了邻近的农民，在三英里半径范围内恢复了80个池塘。根据“neighboring farmers to restore 80 ponds”可知，格雷夫妇通过劝说，使其他农民也加入了修复池塘的行列。H项“persuaded”意为“说服”，符合语境。故选项H。 2．考查动词。句意：那些已经干涸或被遮蔽的池塘被清理出来重见阳光并进行了挖掘。根据“Ponds that were dried up or __2__ have been opened to sunlight”可知，此处需要一个与“dried up”并列的词，描述池塘的另一种不良状态。K项“shaded”是过去分词，构成被动语态，表示“被遮蔽”，指池塘被树木或杂物遮挡阳光，与后文“opened to sunlight”形成直接对应。故选项K。 3．考查形容词。句意：你花很少的钱，就能在一块不那么适合耕种的土地上获得巨大的生物多样性效益。根据前文“restored 11 “zombie” ponds on their 450-hectare farm”以及“Ponds that were dried up or __2__ have been opened to sunlight and dug out.”可知，这里描述的池塘所在区域，原本对农耕而言价值不高。F项“inferior”意为“较差的，低劣的”，符合描述“农业价值较低的土地”这一语境。故选项F。 4．考查形容词。句意：你不是把高产的土地拿出来(做池塘)，而是快速建立了一个物种可以在景观中跳跃的网络。根据前文“restored 11 “zombie” ponds on their 450-hectare farm”可知，修复池塘并没有占用那些原本用于农业生产的宝贵土地。I项“productive”意为“多产的，高产的”，与“agricultural land”常搭配使用，符合“不占用良田”的语义。故选项I。 5．考查名词。句意：这项工作是由埃塞克斯“失落的池塘”项目推动的，该项目是埃塞克斯野生动物信托基金会和皇家鸟类保护协会之间的一个合作项目。根据“a(n) __5__ between Essex Wildlife Trust and the RSPB”可知，该项目是两个机构共同参与的。G项“partnership”意为“伙伴关系，合作关系”，准确描述了两者之间的关系。故选项G。 6．考查名词。句意：“失落的池塘”项目为农民提供免费调查，以确定可以修复的幽灵或僵尸池塘，并提供资金机会，包括来自住宅建筑商的捐助。根据“including __6__ from house-builders”可知，此处指资金来源之一。B项“contributions”意为“贡献，捐款”，符合“来自建筑商的资金支持”这一语境。故选项B。 7．考查副词。句意：一些农民正在独立地修复池塘。根据“Some farmers are restoring ponds __7__”和后文“six of 49 old ponds have been revived without funding”可知，一些农民自行修复池塘，没有依靠外部项目或资金。E项“independently”意为“独立地”，符合语境。故选项E。 8．考查名词。句意：保护机构、农民和公民科学家在这件事上共同努力，对我们所有人都有好处。根据“For conservation __8__, farmers, and citizen scientists to work together”可知，此处需要与“farmers”、“citizen scientists”并列的名词，指参与合作的另一方。A项“bodies”意为“机构，团体”，常用“conservation bodies”表示“保育/保护机构”，符合语境。故选项A。 9．考查形容词。句意：修复后的池塘为斑鸠提供了便利，斑鸠是英国最濒危的鸟类之一，它们在巢穴附近就能获得淡水。根据“turtle doves, one of Britain’s most __9__ birds”可知，斑鸠是受保护鸟类。C项“endangered”意为“濒危的”，是描述受威胁物种的常用词，符合语境。故选项C。 10．考查动词。句意：“如果你在一个古老的池塘里有了种床，你就可以让150年未在那里生长过的植物重新生长。”根据“you can __10__ plants that haven’t grown there for 150 years”可知，修复池塘可以使早已消失的植物重新出现。J项“regenerate”意为“使再生，使恢复”，符合“使植物重新生长”的语境。故选项J。 Passage 1 （25-26高三下·上海·阶段检测）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．bond    B．boundaries    C． channel    D．constructed    E. existed    F. gradually G. relatable    H. reserved    I. personally    J. stood    K. visibility A Dangerous Relationship At nine, I formed an intense, entirely imaginary attachment to Mickey Dolenz of The Monkees, a 1960s TV-created pop band. He had long left the spotlight and, of course, didn’t know I 1 . Still, I drifted into a dream whenever Pleasant Valley Sunday played. Looking back, I now understand that The Monkees were a carefully 2 media product. Yet their success lay in how convincingly they created a sense of personal connection. On television, they broke the usual 3 , addressing viewers directly with playful glances. In interviews, they shared stories that felt personal and natural. By appearing open and slightly weak, they encouraged audiences to feel they truly knew them. This kind of one-sided emotional 4 , described as a “parasocial relationship,” is far from new. While working on an episode of Digital Human for BBC Radio 4, I came across earlier examples. One was Lonesome Gal, a radio voice from the mid-20th century who spoke gently to listeners. Her opening lines suggested exclusive devotion, creating the impression that each listener was 5 addressed. For many, she became a kind of imagined companion. Inevitably, such emotional closeness also provided a(n) 6 for persuasion — and for selling products. In today’s digital world, these relationships are everywhere — and often built on purpose. To attract attention, creators present themselves as open and 7 , encouraging followers to feel a personal connection. This works at first, especially when interaction still feels direct. However, as audiences grow, this model begins to fail. It is possible to reply to a few individuals, but not to thousands. As a result, what once felt like a genuine exchange 8 shifts into something less personal. Even so, the audience’s sense of connection remains. People continue to believe they know the person behind the screen, even when the interaction is limited. For creators, this creates a tension between 9 and privacy: they must stay engaging while protecting their own space. Unlike earlier forms of media, where agents or producers 10 in between, today’s online figures often face their audiences directly. And when relationships break down, there is rarely anyone to step in and manage the consequences. 【答案】 1．E 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．I 6．C 7．G 8．F 9．K 10．J 【导语】文章主要探讨了拟社会关系，讲述人们与影视、网络人物之间单方面的情感联结，以及这类关系的特点、演变与存在的矛盾。 1．考查动词。句意：他早已离开了聚光灯，当然，也不知道我的存在。宾语从句缺少谓语动词，exist表示“存在”，时态为一般过去时，因此填过去式existed。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：回想起来，我现在明白The Monkees是一个精心构建的媒体产品。空格处修饰名词media product，constructed“被构建的”，符合句意，为过去分词作定语。 3．考查名词。句意：在电视上，他们打破了通常的界限，用俏皮的眼神直接与观众交流。空格处为broke的宾语，需填名词，boundaries“界限”为名词复数，符合句意。 4．考查名词。句意：这种单方面的情感纽带，被称为“准社会关系”，远非新鲜事物。空格处为名词作主语，bond“纽带；联系”，符合句意。 5．考查副词。句意：她的开场白暗示了专属的忠诚，营造出每位听众都被亲自对话的印象。空格处修饰动词addressed，需填副词，personally“亲自地”，符合句意。 6．考查名词。句意：不可避免地，这种情感上的亲密也为说服——以及推销产品——提供了一个渠道。空格处为provided的宾语，需填名词，channel“渠道”，符合句意。 7．考查形容词。句意：为了吸引注意力，创作者展现自己开放且容易产生共鸣的一面，鼓励粉丝感到一种个人联系。空格处与open并列，需填形容词，relatable“容易产生共鸣的”，符合句意。 8．考查副词。句意：结果，曾经感觉像真正交流的东西逐渐转变为不那么私人化的东西。分空格处修饰动词shifts，需填副词，gradually“逐渐地”，符合句意。 9．考查名词。句意：对创作者来说，这在可见性与隐私之间制造了一种张力：他们必须保持吸引力，同时保护自己的空间。空格处与privacy并列，需填名词，visibility“可见性；曝光度”，符合句意。 10．考查动词。句意：与早期的媒体形式不同，那时经纪人或制片人站在中间，如今的网络人物常常直接面对他们的受众。空格处为定语从句中的谓语动词，stood in between意为“站在中间”，符合句意。 Passage 2 （25-26高三下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．identifying  B．exploiting  C． interventions  D．biologically  E. statistically  F. randomized   G. linked  H. regulating    I. trial   J. average  K. clinical New Research Links Daily Multivitamins to Slower Biological Aging Epigenetic (后成的；外遗传的) clocks estimate biological aging based on tiny changes in our DNA．These clocks look at specific sites in our DNA 1 gene expression and change naturally as we get older, helping track with mortality and the pace of aging. “There is a lot of interest today in 2 ways to not just live longer, but to live better,” said Dr. Howard Sesso, a researcher at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. “It was exciting to see benefits of a multivitamin 3 with markers of biological aging. This study opens the door to learning more aboutaccessible, safe 4 that contribute to healthier, higher-quality aging.” For their research, Dr. Sesso and his colleagues used data from the well-established Cocoa Supplement Multivitamins Outcomes Study (COSMOS). They analyzed DNA methylation data from blood samples of 98 randomly selected healthy participants with a(n) 5 chronological age of 70. The participants were 6 to take a daily cocoa extract and multivitamin; daily cocoa extract and placebo; placebo and multivitamin; or placebos only. Samples were analyzed for changes in five epigenetic clocks from the start of the 7 and at the end of the first and second years. Compared to the placebo only group, people in the multivitamin group had slowing in all five epigenetic clocks, including 8 clocks that are predictive of mortality. The changes equated to about four months less biological aging over the course of two years. Additionally, people who were 9 older than their actual age at the start of the trial benefited the most. “We plan to do follow-up research to determine if the slowing of biological aging — observed through these five epigenetic clocks, and additional or new ones — persists after the trial ends,” said Dr. Yanbin Dong, a researcher at Augusta University. “A lot of people take a multivitamin without necessarily knowing any benefits from taking it, so the more we can learn about its potential health benefits, the better,” Dr. Sesso added. “Within COSMOS, we are fortunate and excited to build upon a rich resource of biomarker data to test how two interventions may improve biological aging and reduce age-related 10 outcomes.” 【答案】 1．H 2．A 3．G 4．C 5．J 6．F 7．I 8．E 9．D 10．K 【导语】本篇围绕一项全新研究展开，介绍每日服用复合维生素与生物衰老速度减缓之间的关联，依托科学实验数据与表观遗传时钟展开论述，侧重考查语境词义辨析、词性搭配与非谓语、形容词、副词等语法运用。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些时钟聚焦DNA中的特定位点，调控基因表达，并会随着年龄增长自然发生变化，有助于追踪死亡率和衰老速度。此处表示“调节；管控”，应选regulating，现在分词作后置定语。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今人们十分热衷于找出多种方式，不只是为了延长寿命，更是为了提升生活质量。此处表示“识别；找出”，应选identifying，介词in后接动名词形式。 3．考查过去分词。句意：看到复合维生素的效用与生物衰老指标存在关联，这一结果令人振奋。此处表示“联系；相关联”，应选linked，过去分词作后置定语。 4．考查名词复数。句意：该研究也为进一步探寻安全便捷、有助于实现健康优质衰老的干预方式拓宽了思路。此处表示“干预措施”，应选interventions，形容词safe修饰名词。 5．考查形容词。句意：他们分析了98名随机选取的健康参与者的血液DNA甲基化数据，这些参与者的平均生理年龄为七十岁。此处表示“平均的”，应选average，修饰名词chronological age。 6．考查被动语态。句意：参与者被随机分组，分别每日服用可可提取物与复合维生素、可可提取物与安慰剂、安慰剂与复合维生素，或仅服用安慰剂。此处表示“随机分配”，应选randomized，用于被动结构。 7．考查名词。句意：研究人员从试验初期以及第一年年末、第二年年末，分析了五项表观遗传时钟的相关数据变化。此处表示“试验”，应选trial，属于实验固定表述。 8．考查副词。句意：与仅服用安慰剂的组别相比，复合维生素组的人群五项表观遗传时钟的衰老速度均有所放缓，其中包含预测死亡率的统计类时钟。此处表示“统计上地”，应选statistically，作状语。 9．考查副词。句意：此外，在试验初期生理年龄比实际年龄偏大的人群，从该项干预中获益最多。此处表示“生物层面上地”，应选biologically，修饰形容词older。 10．考查形容词。句意：我们有望依托丰富的生物标志物数据资源，探究两种干预方式如何改善生物衰老、减少与年龄相关的临床病症。此处表示“临床的”，应选clinical，修饰名词outcomes。 Passage 3 （2026·上海浦东新·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．balance  B．breathing  C． expanding  D．figure  E. labeled  F. meeting  G. precision  H. skilled  I. transition  J. unexpected  K. unfolded China’s first robot Peking Opera has drawn attention for its costumes, classic pieces, and the team-up between a fully made-up robot and a human performer. Videos from the first show of Farewell My Concubine (《霸王别姬》) show “Scholar 01,” China’s first robot doctoral student, stepping onstage. Dressed as the historical 1 Xiang Yu, the robot moves, raises its arms, and shifts its eyes to the beat of music, performing alongside Wu Xiaofeng, a Peking Opera major. Those videos triggered widespread discussion. For some audience, the performance was “full of futuristic charm,” an inventive 2 of traditional opera and cutting-edge technology. Others questioned whether a machine, however 3 , could truly belong on a stage for which human performers have spent their whole lives training. Yet what 4 on stage touched something deeper than the novelty of a robot in face paint. The interaction of human breath and machine code suggested a(n) 5 possibility: That technology might extend beyond the languages of traditional operas. The robot’s 6 added a strange clarity to the unique movements that have defined Peking Opera for centuries. Wen Mu, the director of the performance, stated it aimed to offer a glimpse of what a data-driven interpretation of the form could look like. One that can be repeated, fine-tuned and built upon in ways no human body would tolerate. And beyond the mechanics, the integration of robotics and Peking Opera is 7 new life into the ancient art, drawing in youngsters. After the performance, teenagers who had never watched a full traditional opera suddenly found themselves discussing face-painting styles. Whatever one makes of the aesthetics (审美), it is clear that the production succeeded in 8 the conversation around Peking Opera. A robot dressed as Xiang Yu does offer younger and global audiences an accessible doorway into a dense, centuries-old tradition. For a cultural form that is so often 9 “too distant,” this is no small achievement. And perhaps that is where the Shanghai experiment lands most thoughtfully as a reminder that the future of an ancient art depends on how carefully its devoted protectors 10 progress and preservation. Robotics can enrich the stage, but it should not replace the human instinct and emotional intelligence on which Peking Opera’s survival depends. 【答案】 1．D 2．F 3．H 4．K 5．J 6．G 7．B 8．C 9．E 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕中国首个机器人京剧展开讨论，阐述了机器人与人类演员合作表演《霸王别姬》引发的争议、带来的意义及对传统京剧未来发展的思考。 1．考查名词。句意：机器人装扮成历史人物项羽，随着音乐的节拍移动、举臂、转动眼神，与京剧专业的吴小凤同台表演。空处作介词as的宾语，结合“Xiang Yu”可知，此处指历史人物，名词figure“人物”符合题意。故选D。 2．考查名词。句意：对一些观众来说，这场表演“充满未来感”，是传统戏曲与尖端技术的创造性结合。空处前有形容词inventive修饰，结合“traditional opera and cutting-edge technology”可知，此处指传统戏剧和尖端技术的结合，名词meeting“结合；融合”，符合题意。故选F。 3．考查形容词。句意：另一些人则质疑，无论一台机器多么熟练，是否真的能登上一个人类演员耗费一生时间训练才能登上的舞台。空处作表语，修饰machine，结合“human performers have spent their whole lives training”可知，此处指熟练程度，形容词skilled“熟练的”，符合题意。故选H。 4．考查动词。句意：然而，舞台上呈现的一切，触动人们的不仅仅是脸上涂着油彩的机器人带来的新奇感。文章整体为一般过去时，空处作谓语，结合“on stage ”可知，此处指舞台上呈现的内容，动词unfolded“呈现；展开”，符合题意。故选K。 5．考查形容词。句意：人类的气息与机器代码的互动，暗示了一种意想不到的可能性：技术或许能超越传统戏曲的语言。空处修饰名词possibility，结合后文“technology might extend beyond the languages of traditional operas”可知，此处指意想不到的可能性，形容词unexpected“意想不到的”符合题意。故选J。 6．考查名词。句意：机器人的精准度为几个世纪以来定义京剧的独特动作增添了一种奇特的清晰度。空处作主语，结合“added a strange clarity to the unique movements”可知，此处指机器人的精准度，名词precision“精准度；精确性”符合题意。故选G。 7．考查动词。句意：除了机械原理之外，机器人技术与京剧的融合正在为这门古老的艺术注入新的活力，吸引着年轻人。空前有is，结合“new life into the ancient art”可知，此处指注入活力，动词breathing（此处为现在分词，与is构成现在进行时）“注入；赋予”符合题意。故选B。 8．考查动词。句意：无论人们对其审美有何看法，显然这场演出成功地扩大了关于京剧的讨论范围。空处前有介词in，结合“the conversation around Peking Opera”可知，此处指扩大了讨论范围，动词expanding（此处为动名词）“扩大；拓展”符合题意。故选C。 9．考查动词。句意：对于一种经常被贴上“过于遥远”标签的文化形式来说，这是一项不小的成就。空前有is，结合““too distant,””可知，此处指被贴上过于遥远的标签，动词labeled（此处为过去分词，与is构成被动语态）“贴标签；把……称为”符合题意。故选E。 10．考查动词。句意：或许，上海的这场实验最具深意的地方在于，它提醒我们，一门古老艺术的未来，取决于其忠实的守护者如何谨慎地平衡进步与保护。空处作谓语，结合“progress and preservation”可知，此处指品更进步与保护，动词balance“平衡”符合题意。故选A。 Passage 4 （2026·上海·二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. ‘Hidden’ group of gut bacteria may be essential to good health A．vital      B．identify     C． compound     D．interact    E. digest     F. annually G. diverse    H. defence     I. recently       J. function     K. host The human gut is home to a(n) 1 community of bacteria, often called the gut microbiome, and these tiny organisms play a huge role in keeping our bodies healthy. For years, scientists have known that gut bacteria help to 2 food and absorb nutrients, but new research is uncovering far more complex roles for them in the human body. Luckily, 3 a team of international scientists has managed to 4 a previously hidden group of gut bacteria that produces special 5 . These substances help the body’s immune system build a strong 6 against harmful viruses and bacteria, according to the study published in a top science journal. Each human 7 has a unique gut microbiome, and the balance of bacteria in the gut is closely linked to overall health. Even a small change in this balance may lead to mild physical discomfort or serious diseases. The hidden bacteria 8 with other gut microbes and human cells in a delicate way, and any disruption to this balance can affect the normal 9 of the immune system and even lead to chronic diseases. Scientists have found that this delicate interaction is hard to rebuild once it is broken. Scientists say these hidden gut bacteria are 10 to human health, and further research will help us understand how to protect and support them. It is hoped that one day, we can use this knowledge to develop new ways to keep the gut microbiome healthy, rather than just dealing with diseases after they appear. 【答案】 1．G 2．E 3．I 4．B 5．C 6．H 7．K 8．D 9．J 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了肠道微生物群的多样性及其基本消化功能，重点阐述了科学家新近发现的一类隐藏肠道细菌的作用 —— 其产生的化合物能增强人体免疫系统的防御能力，且这类细菌对人体健康至关重要。 1．考查形容词。句意：人类的肠道是一个多样化的细菌群落的家园，这个群落通常被称为肠道微生物群，这些微小的生物在维持我们的身体健康方面发挥着巨大的作用。“diverse”意思是“多样的；不同的”。分析句子，“community”为名词，需用形容词修饰，此处描述肠道内细菌群落的特点，“diverse”符合语境，表明肠道细菌种类丰富多样。故填G。 2．考查动词。句意：多年来，科学家们已经知道肠道细菌有助于消化食物和吸收营养，但新的研究正在揭示它们在人体中更为复杂的作用。“digest”意思是“消化”。分析句子，“help to do sth.”为固定结构，此处表达肠道细菌在人体消化系统中的作用，“digest”符合语境，与“absorb nutrients”并列，说明肠道细菌对食物的处理功能。故填E。 3．考查副词。句意：幸运的是，最近一组国际科学家设法识别出了一组此前隐藏的肠道细菌，这些细菌能产生特殊的化合物。“recently”意思是“最近；近来”。分析句子，该词在句中作时间状语，表明动作发生的时间，符合语境，说明这一研究成果是近期取得的。故填I。 4．考查动词。句意：幸运的是，最近一组国际科学家设法识别出了一组此前隐藏的肠道细菌，这些细菌能产生特殊的化合物。“identify”意思是“识别；认出”。分析句子，“manage to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“设法做某事”，这里表示科学家成功识别出隐藏的肠道细菌，“identify”符合语境，描述科学家的研究行为。故填B。 5．考查名词。句意：幸运的是，最近一组国际科学家设法识别出了一组此前隐藏的肠道细菌，这些细菌能产生特殊的化合物。“compound”意思是“化合物”。分析句子，“produces”为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，根据后文“These substances”可知这里指细菌产生的特殊物质，“compound”符合语境，作为产生的对象。故填C。 6．考查名词。句意：根据发表在一本顶级科学杂志上的研究，这些物质有助于人体免疫系统建立强大的防御，以对抗有害病毒和细菌。“defence”意思是“防御；防卫”。分析句子，“build a strong +名词”，这里表示免疫系统对有害病菌的防御，“defence”符合语境，用于描述免疫系统的功能表现。故填H。 7．考查名词。句意：每个人类宿主都有独特的肠道微生物群，肠道内细菌的平衡与整体健康密切相关。“host”意思是“宿主”。分析句子，“Each human”修饰名词，结合语境，在微生物学领域，人体是肠道微生物群的宿主，“host”符合语境，明确人体与肠道微生物群的关系。故填K。 8．考查动词。句意：这些隐藏的细菌以一种微妙的方式与其他肠道微生物和人体细胞相互作用，这种平衡的任何破坏都可能影响免疫系统的正常功能，甚至导致慢性疾病。“interact”意思是“相互作用；相互影响”。分析句子，句子缺少谓语动词，且描述细菌与其他微生物及人体细胞之间的关系，“interact with”为固定搭配，“interact”符合语境，体现它们之间的相互关联性。故填D。 9．考查名词。句意：这些隐藏的细菌以一种微妙的方式与其他肠道微生物和人体细胞相互作用，这种平衡的任何破坏都可能影响免疫系统的正常功能，甚至导致慢性疾病。“function”意思是“功能”。分析句子，“the normal +名词”名词作宾语，这里表示免疫系统正常发挥的功能，“function”符合语境，说明平衡被破坏对免疫系统功能的影响。故填J。 10．考查形容词。句意：科学家们表示，这些隐藏的肠道细菌对人类健康至关重要，进一步的研究将帮助我们了解如何保护和支持它们。“vital”意思是“至关重要的；生死攸关的”。分析句子，“are +形容词 + to...”为常见结构，这里表达肠道细菌对人类健康的重要程度，“vital”符合语境，强调其对健康的重要意义。故填A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $