专题03 概要写作（期末复习专项训练）高二英语下学期沪外版

**基本信息** 聚焦高中英语概要写作，通过16道上海各区期末真题，系统训练信息提炼与语言转换能力，强化概括思维与表达精准性。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |概要写作核心训练|16题（涵盖科学、社会、生活等多主题文本）|阅读后提炼main idea和main points，60词内，强调用自己的话表达|通过多样主题文本训练信息筛选、要点整合及简洁表达能力，提升语言理解与概括思维，符合期末对综合语言运用的考查要求|

专题03 概要写作（期末复习专项训练） 1．（24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Many animals depend upon sound to find food, detect predators and communicate. These species understandably suffer when loud motorways cut through their habitats. It has always been assumed, however, that noise is a problem unique to animals. But a new study by botanist Alí Akbar GhotbiRavandi has revealed that plants suffer too. That plants can be hampered (抑制生长) indirectly by noise pollution has never been in doubt. Since many flowering and fruit-beaning species need animals to pollinate or disperse (传播) their seeds, it is obvious that if these animal partners are harmed by noise then their botanical counterparts will do badly, too. Scientists have hypothesized that plants may be able to sense sound waves as they are struck by them. Yet blasting plants with ultrasound is not the same as growing them in the presence of actual traffic noise. To this end, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi oscided to set up an experiment. Working with a team of colleagues, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi grew two species — French marigolds (金盏花) and scarlet sage (一串红) — in the same space before they were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to 73 decibels of traffic noise recorded from a busy motorway for 16hours a day. The other group was left to grow in silence. None of the plants exposed to the traffic noise did well. The team found that a range of hormones normally associated with healthy growth and development in plants were present at significantly reduced levels in the plants exposed to the noise. Two stress hormones, jasmonic acid and abscisi c acid, which are normally produced to fend off insect attacks, deal with salty soil or very cold temperatures, were elevated. The next question is whether all noise pollution affects all species in the same way. The natural world, with deafening storms and thunderous waterfalls, is by no means silent. Whether some plant species have evolved coping mechanisms, which might one day be transferred into urban-dwelling species, is a mystery worth exploring. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．（24-25高二下·上海徐汇·期末）Direction: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The PowerStride Backpack: Charging Your Devices While You Walk Modern students rely heavily on electronic devices for learning, communication, and research. However, constant charging interrupts study sessions and mobility. The PowerStride Backpack offers an innovative solution: it binds moving energy from walking to generate electricity, turning daily travels into a power source. The backpack’s secret lies in its flexible piezoelectric panels (Turning-Pressure-into-Power panels) integrated (集成) into the shoulder straps and back padding. As the wearer walks, the natural motion compresses these panels, creating small electrical charges. These charges are collected and stored in a lightweight, built-in battery pack. A single hour of walking generates enough energy to charge a smartphone up to 20%, while a full school day can power a tablet or e-reader. The stored energy is accessible via USB ports unnoticeably placed in a side pocket. Beyond convenience, the PowerStride Backpack promotes sustainability and preparedness. Students no longer need to hunt for outlets between classes or carry large power banks. It ensures devices stay charged for note-taking, research, or emergency communication during long school days or commutes. Additionally, it reduces dependency on grid electricity, cutting down electronic waste from disposable batteries. Its durable, weather-resistant design makes it ideal for all seasons. Currently in model testing, the PowerStride Backpack could soon integrate solar panels for hybrid (混杂的) energy generation. Researchers also aim to adapt its technology for other wearable items like jackets or sports gear. For students, it represents more than convenience — it fosters awareness of renewable energy and demonstrates how everyday actions (like walking) can sustainably power our tech-driven lives. The PowerStride Backpack transforms an ordinary activity into a source of clean energy. It exemplifies how creativity in engineering can address real-world challenges, offering students greater independence while promoting environmental responsibility. As technology evolves, inventions like this empower users to literally carry the future on their shoulders. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．（24-25高二下·上海宝山·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. We are living in an age of metaphorical (隐喻的) parenting. First it was tiger parenting. Then helicopter parenting, snowplow parenting, and free-range parenting became trends. Now, gentle parenting is having an extended moment. Here’s what experts say about these parenting styles and their potential consequences for kids. Known for prioritizing compassion, warmth, and respect, gentle parenting is an approach that has gained popularity in recent years. A major hallmark of this style is the focus on fostering a strong bond between children and their parents. “It involves approaching parenting with understanding and adjustment — being able to look at things through a child’s perspective,” says Sarah Bren, a licensed clinical psychologist and co-founder of the Upshur-Bren Psychology Group in Pelham, New York. “Depending on how boundaries are set and discipline is handled, it can look a bit like authoritative or permissive parenting”, experts say. Parents who stick to snowplow parenting — which is also called lawnmower parenting or bulldozer parenting — often try to clear obstacles out of a child’s path. The parents’ intentions may be good — they don’t want their kids to struggle or feel distressed — but this isn’t realistic because challenges are a natural part of life. As a parent, “You want kids to handle difficulty or conflict with your support and guidance to help them build resilience (toughness),” says Bren. However, Bren emphasizes guiding children through difficulties to build resilience, warning that constantly clearing paths due to fear of failure may unintentionally create the exact weakness parents seek to prevent. The term “helicopter parenting” refers to parents who revolve around their children, being controlling and overprotective, ready to jump in to help at any moment. Much like with snowplow parenting, “This micromanaging doesn’t help kids learn to navigate difficulties on the road or develop resilience,” says Michele Borba, an educational psychologist based in southern California. As a result, “The child becomes dependent and unprepared to make decisions or act independently in real-life situations.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．（24-25高二下·上海·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Wish You Were More Creative? Just Pretend! One great irony about our collective interest in creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: Either we’re “creative” or we aren’t, without much of a middle ground. “I’m just not a creative person!” a frustrated student might say in art class, while another might blame her talent at painting for her difficulties in math, concluding with a comment such as, “I’m very right-brained.” Dr. Pillay, an assistant professor at Harvard University, has spent a great part of his career correcting these ideas. He believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to forget the advice that urges you to “believe in yourself”. In fact, you should do the opposite: Believe you are someone else. Dr. Pillay points to a 2016 study demonstrating the impact of stereotypes (刻板印象) on one’s behavior. The authors, educational psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided the college student subjects into three groups, instructing the members of one to think of themselves as “weird poets” and the members of another to imagine they were “strict librarians” (the third group was the control). The researchers then presented all the participants with ten ordinary objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one. Those who were asked to imagine themselves as weird poets came up with the widest range of ideas, while those in the strict-librarian group had the fewest. Meanwhile the researchers found only small differences in students’ creativity levels across academic majors. In fact, the physics majors imagining themselves as poets came up with more ideas than the art majors did. These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual feature but a “product of context and perspective”. Everyone can be creative, as long as he or she feels like a creative person. Dr. Pillay’s work takes this a step further: He argues that simply identifying yourself as creative is less powerful than taking the bold, creative step of imagining you are somebody else. This exercise, which he calls psychological Halloweenism, refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona. An actor may employ this technique to get into character, but anyone can use it. Unfortunately, those ideas often get drowned out because most of us spend way too much time worrying, and about two things in particular: how successful/unsuccessful we are and how little we’re focusing on the task at hand. These twin worries feed on each other an unfocused person is an unsuccessful one, we believe — and so we don’t allow our minds to wander into its quietly fertile fields. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．（25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. We all know what it feels like when we read a scientific paper. The findings seem solid; the conclusions are presented with confidence. And if you work in social science research, each year you see thousands of new studies published in respected journals. Despite this, researchers have been unable to reproduce a significant portion of these published results when they try to repeat the experiments. A massive seven-year project called SCORE recently examined 3,900 social-science papers and found troubling patterns. If someone publishes a study in a prestigious journal, we generally assume it can be trusted and built upon. We have a sense of the scientific literature as a reliable foundation. As a result, most of us would say that how research credibility works is fairly straightforward: peer-reviewed studies represent solid evidence that advances our understanding. But large-scale replication efforts reveal a different reality. However much a published paper feels like something authoritative, some scientists demand independent verification. Over the past decade, the SCORE team's investigations challenged our assumptions about research reliability. They showed us that reproducibility is limited; many papers lack sufficient detail for others to repeat the analysis accurately. They demonstrated that replication rates are concerning, with only about half of tested studies yielding consistent results when experiments were conducted from scratch. Findings don't always survive independent testing. There isn’t a single universal definition of “replicability,” in the sense that computational reproducibility differs from conceptual replication. Several researchers have taken it even further, suggesting that without transparent data sharing and detailed methodology, published conclusions should be treated as preliminary. Our shared understanding of scientific publication — the assumption that a peer-reviewed paper represents verified knowledge — may not apply to every study across all disciplines, but it does reflect the reality that science is an ongoing, self-correcting process. Many of us think of the published literature as a comprehensive archive that we can consult with full confidence. But replication scientists have shown that the research record is not like that at all. Numerous studies contain errors or incomplete information, and sometimes entire fields build on findings that later prove difficult to reproduce, despite others’ confidence in the original work. On occasion, even careful peer review fails to catch methodological flaws or missing data. Another mistake we make is to assume that conducting original research is completely separate from verifying it through replication. In fact, the two activities are deeply connected. We rely on similar principles of transparency and rigor to ensure both initial studies and replication attempts meet scientific standards. It is the commitment to open data and reproducible methods that enables us to distinguish robust findings from those that require further investigation. This discipline allows the scientific community to build cumulative knowledge and maintain public trust in research. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．（25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as for as possible. Food Shortage Crisis There is no doubt that a global food shortage crisis currently exists. With the prices of staple grains such as wheat, rice, and corn rising from year to year, more people continue to go hungry. In order to prevent this problem from growing any worse and potentially ruining economies around the world, it is crucial that sound solutions are sought and implemented. According to experts, one solution is for scientists to develop new tools to increase crop production. Researchers around the world are studying ways to improve crops and farming techniques. Two such pieces that are making important discoveries are the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center in Mexico. Scientists there are growing staple crops that are more pest-resistant and weed-resistant. The new and improved crops are also more nutrient-rich and yield higher quantities. Helping farmers safeguard against bad weather conditions is another possible solution to the global food shortage crisis. Unprepared farmers and unpredictable weather have proven to be a recipe for disaster. For example, droughts in Australia have left hundreds of farms bare and even more people without food. A farm pond to store rainwater is one preventative method scientists have developed to fight against the threat of droughts. Governments and farmers aren’t the only groups that must work towards a solution to the global food shortage crisis. Consumers also bear the responsibility of helping decrease shortage. One very simple thing that all consumers can do is purchase and eat less meat. Cows, chickens, and pigs are all fed with feed made from corn and other important grains. The large amount of food that is used to feed them could easily be redirected for human consumption if the demand for such meats decreased. There is no doubt that the global food shortage problem needs to be addressed immediately. The only way to prevent further worldwide hunger and malnutrition is for all parties to work together towards a solution. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7．（25-26高二下·上海松江·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Hidden Cost of Secrecy It is no secret that we all have secrets. Maintaining them can be draining, but not for the reason most researchers have long assumed. A new study redefines “secrecy” itself and offers a novel explanation for its known link to depression, anxiety and poor overall health. The researchers suggest that secrecy is primarily the intention to conceal information, regardless of any active concealment around others. And that hurts us by making us feel inauthentic, even when we are alone. Michael Slepian, a psychologist at Columbia Business School, and his colleagues recently reported their findings in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. In six studies, they surveyed a total of 1,200 Americans online — as well as 312 people picnicking in New York City’s Central Park — regarding 38 categories of behavior that are often kept secret. In five of these studies, respondents said they were currently hiding information in about 13 of these categories on average (including about five secrets they were keeping from everyone). The most common secrets were extra-relational thoughts (thinking about being with another person while already in a relationship) and romantic desire (while being single). What was the most important finding in Michael’s research? People reported that when they were not interacting with anyone, they thought about their secrets about twice as often as they actively concealed them in conversation. The more frequently their mind wandered to a secret, the more they said it damaged their well-being and the less healthy they felt. Surprisingly, active concealment had no effect on well-being at all — in contrast to previous assumptions. Four additional studies, all involving couples and conducted online, produced similar findings. If you must keep a secret, Slepian suggests avoiding dwelling on it by practising mindfulness or by discussing the forbidden topic in anonymous online forums. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8．（25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Bridging the gap: from classroom to workplace For all the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the shift from classroom to career world and have difficulty adjusting to life on the job. Writer and editor Joseph Lewis believes that most of our school experiences are fairly predictable, while life in the working world is far more uncertain. In school, for example, the pattern stays more or less the same from year to year. In the workplace, however, constant change is the norm, and one has to adapt quickly. Another problem that graduates entering the workforce encounter is that they are unprepared to think analytically. In school, many students including those in college, spend a lot ot time memorizing facts and repeating what they “learned” on tests. But in the workplace employees are often expected to think critically and make decisions about their work, not just follow a supervisor's instructions. An employee who is facing a problem at work, for example, needs to be able to identify different solutions, select the best course of action, and explain his choice to others. Finally, in school, a student normally works independently to complete most tasks (tests, homework, and projects) and receives a grade according to how well he or she has done. In the workplace, employees must regularly interact with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success. In other words, if an employee has to work with others to complete a given project, that employee's success not only depends on his hard work and expertise, but also on how well his colleagues perform. How can we better prepare young adults for the work place? It is suggested that students should do an internship while they are in school. Volunteering part time at a company, hospital or government organization, for example, can help them gain experience and learn skills. Doing these will help prepare students for the realities of the workplace and make the transition from school to career world less stressful. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9．（25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Reading the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Above the little town, thin clouds moved slowly across the sky. Tree branches shifted in the wind, and leaves brushed against one another with a dry, faint sound. By the lake, ripples travelled over the water and faded among the reeds at the shore. On the farms beyond the houses, horses kept their heads low in the grass, while cows and sheep stood apart across the open ground. Along the narrow stone road, fences threw broken shadows, and from a few chimneys smoke rose into the air in pale, wavering threads. But all this ended abruptly. The first interruption came when a delivery truck overturned in the middle of the town. Boxes split open on the ground, and fruit, bottles, and paper packages were thrown across the road. People ran out from nearby shops, while the driver climbed out in shock and stared at the mess around him. The accident soon caused a serious traffic jam in the town centre. Cars stood bumper to bumper along the narrow street, and impatient drivers began pressing their horns again and again. Even people on foot found it difficult to pass. as the crowd, the fallen goods, and the waiting vehicles had turned the area into a knot of confusion. Yet the town had scarcely begun to settle again when another unease, subtler at first, passed from door to door. Curtains were drawn aside. Heads appeared at windows. Beyond the far end of the lake, a thin line of smoke had begun to rise, and soon a red glow showed itself behind the trees. Before long, flames were seen climbing up the side of an old warehouse. The accident caused enormous economic loss to the family who owned the building. Much of their stored grain was destroyed, several pieces of farming equipment were damaged beyond repair, and a large supply of animal feed was reduced to ash. With their grain, tools and supplies ruined, the family faced serious difficulty in carrying on their work. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10．（25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. In Defense of Oversharing Think about an ordinary day. You feel annoyed after a meeting but say nothing. You pull back from a friend who said something that hurt you, without explaining why. We rarely even consider that revealing a personal truth is an option. And when we do, we tend to think about it in an unfair way: We overestimate the risks and underestimate the benefits. Imagine you are considering whether to tell a friend that their comment hurt you. You will probably worry that your friend might get defensive, feel awkward, or think you’re being oversensitive. What’s less likely to come to mind are the risks of staying silent: lingering resentment(怨恨), a pattern of emotional distance, or a pattern of misunderstandings that slowly hurts the relationship. This skew (偏差) makes a certain psychological sense. The social costs of revealing are often immediate and instinctive: an awkward pause, a fleeting look of discomfort. These moments threaten and teach us quickly what to avoid. The benefits of revealing, by contrast — corrected assumptions, increased trust, a feeling of being known — tend to unfold quietly and over time. They’re harder to feel in the moment, which makes them easy to discount. But the problem runs deeper than individual psychology. The very way we talk about oversharing is flawed. We treat revealing as a personality trait — something you either have or don’t. You’re either “the kind of person who overshares,” or not. But revealing wisely is a skill. And like any skill, it improves with practice, feedback, and reflection. Treating revealing as a skill makes it less scary. Skills can be learned. They can be done imperfectly without being disastrous. And perhaps most importantly, appreciating the benefits of revealing usually requires actually doing it. Silence never teaches us what might have happened if we had spoken. Only revealing does. For most people, getting better at this skill doesn’t mean turning every interaction into a confessional(坦白). It means revealing a bit more than you normally would: explaining a reaction instead of swallowing it, sharing a constraint instead of letting others misinterpret your behavior, and naming uncertainty instead of projecting confidence you don’t feel. These are not grand acts of vulnerability. They are small moves that make our social lives run more smoothly. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11．（25-26高二下·上海·阶段检测）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. I want to be a content creator In 2021, 1,000 children in the US were asked what they would like to be when they grew up. In the past, sports star, pop star and astronaut were the most common answers, but this is no longer the case. While these occupations still feature significantly, social-media content creator or influencer now has a clear lead, with twenty-nine percent of children naming this as their number-one ambition. These findings are perhaps not surprising; successful influencers are now earning a great fortune every day and financial rewards are not the only attraction. Social media attaches importance to another thing: it gives creators precise numbers that tell them exactly how popular — or famous — they are. To date, one top influencer could have over 100 million followers and receive nearly 100 thousand “likes” for a single post. It seems that the benefits for being a creator are endless. However, as with many supposedly desirable jobs, the reality may not match the fantasy. Just as successful sports stars endure tough early-morning training sessions and pop stars find themselves on endless, tiring flights, creators often spend hours sitting alone in front of a camera, repeating the same activities again and again. And while they always seem positive and energetic, it’s important to remember that appearing to be happy is their job. As a creator puts it, “If content creator is your job, you need to get it done whether you feel like doing it or not.” Corporate sponsors also control what creators do and say — they pay influencers to promote their products and services — so while social media creators may seem to “be their own bosses”, this is rarely true. Like sports and music, social media will remain a hobby for most young people, and for many, it is a place where they can make friends and grow in confidence. But when hobbies turn into their jobs, things change. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12．（25-26高二下·上海闵行·月考）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works. Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill,industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation. So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct (行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency (透明) in their operations. Increasingly, too, they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks. All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game.The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company’s competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of “doing well by doing good” has become popular.Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy? Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue (美德)： it is just good business. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13．（25-26高三下·上海·阶段检测）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Do I Get Anxious Thoughts Late at Night? Sleep problems are surprisingly common, with many adults struggling to fall asleep because of anxious thoughts. Research from the University of Oxford shows that people with sleeplessness tend to focus more on worries at bedtime, while good sleepers think of little in particular. Many people have experienced falling asleep easily in front of the TV, only to lie awake once in bed. This highlights a key reason for nighttime anxiety: the sudden lack of distraction. During the day and evening, the brain is constantly engaged — working, socialising, or watching something. But once the lights are off, external stimulation disappears, leaving the mind free to turn inward. At this point, it often dwells on past events or future concerns, the two main sources of worry. Psychologists suggest that trying to push these thoughts away doesn’t really work. Often, the more you resist them, the more they seem to stick around. A better approach is to notice them and simply let them pass. For worries about the past, one useful method is to write in a journal before bed. Studies have shown that people who record their thoughts and feelings fall asleep more quickly. Putting concerns onto paper seems to reduce their mental impact, making it easier to relax. For others, it is future tasks that cause anxiety, especially at the start of the week when responsibilities feel too much to handle. Research supports the idea that writing a to-do list before bedtime can help. In one study, participants who wrote down upcoming tasks fell asleep faster than those who simply reflected on what they had already done. Writing appears to organise thoughts and reduce mental overload. In general, worrying is normal. The key is to manage it, not remove it. If you deal with worries earlier in the day, you’re less likely to feel stressed at night and can sleep more easily. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14．（2026·上海浦东新·三模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why stretching matters If you’ve ever witnessed the starting line of a professional running race, you’ll have seen athletes engaging in dynamic stretches, as if dancing with uncontrollable excitement. This is not random movement but a targeted warm-up routine. The primary purpose is to prepare the body for the intense demands of exercise. Stretching increases blood flow to the muscles, raises body temperature, and improves the range of motion in joints. If you warm up the muscles before the starting gun, you don’t need to use the first part of the race to increase your power. This preparation allows the body to perform optimally from the very beginning. For different sports, stretching serves specific functions. Runners benefit from enhanced joint mobility for greater efficiency. In contrast, weightlifters require stability and precise movement. For them, mobility-focused stretches — such as those for the hips and spine — help achieve correct posture, which is crucial for preventing injury during controlled, powerful lifts. Stretching not only prepares your body for exercise, but it also plays a vital part in keeping your muscles healthy for longer in general life. As you age, your muscles get less flexible naturally over time, so keeping gentle stretches as part of your daily routine can maintain your flexibility into old age and give you better balance for daily life. Stretching also increases the blood flow to your muscles, delivering essential nutrients to tissue and removing waste products for a more efficient muscle-healing system. The value of stretching lies in its power to connect the “present” with the “future”. Therefore, starting today, consider stretching an investment in your body's future. It’s not just about winning the next race, but about being able to easily tie your shoes and walk steadily on every path decades from now—embracing a more flexible, autonomous life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15．（2026·上海黄浦·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Battle to Keep Consumers Means Smaller Packs of Cookies and Chips Snack and drink in very small sizes are hitting store shelves as brands try to keep stretched consumers buying with lower-price options. PepsiCo now sells Lay’s potato chips in half a dozen different-sized bags, costing from around 50 cents to roughly $5. And Mondelez International has six different Milka chocolate bar sizes with prices from under $1 to $6. Food, drink and consumer-product companies are hoping that a wider range of shrunken size options can boost overall sales volumes, which have been pressured in recent quarters. Smaller-size offerings also tend to have higher profit margins (利润率). “Consumers are going into small pack sizes to make the best use of their budget,” said Mondelez Finance Chief Luca Zaramella. “The $3, $4 as opposed to the $6, $7, particularly in snacks, are becoming a clear center of gravity.” Consumer-goods companies have long tailored packaging for cookies, chips and other items to a range of factors: on-the-go or lunch snacking, portion control, affordability. The last one, however, critical in emerging markets for years, has recently become more important in the U.S. Still, offering more package sizes may create some problems. In some cases, consumers clearly see they are getting less — fewer potato chips, cookies, for instance — but not a correspondingly lower price, an approach known as shrinkflation that has annoyed shoppers in recent years. Another difficulty is that just as some brands expand their product listings, retailers (零售商) are working to reduce the number of products on their shelves — intensifying the already harsh competition for shelf space. Companies want the single-serve option to attract consumers, but they also want the multipack and several options to drive volumes, said Bonnie Herzog, a senior analyst at Goldman Sachs. “But there’s only so much space for some of these categories,” she said. “And it’s harder to come by.” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 16．（2026·上海崇明·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Productive Conversations Too often, managers stifle (扼杀) conversation without realizing it — taking over meetings without providing space for discussion and jumping in with their own solutions to problems that are brought to them. This habit of dominating dialogue creates a disconnect between managers and their teams and creates cultures defined by a lack of mutual trust and cooperation. It also restricts the opportunities for employees to develop their own initiative, creativity and independent problem-solving skills required for high performance. Thankfully, there are simple yet effective strategies that can help managers encourage two-way dialogues at work and stimulate more engaged, united teams. Rather than giving directions, leaders can benefit from shifting toward inquiry. Asking a question is almost always better than telling someone what to do. When leaders adopt a directive, “I have all the answers” approach to conversations, the other person is ultimately robbed of a learning opportunity to think for themselves. Word choice in questioning also makes a difference to the tone of a conversation. Too often, leaders ask questions that come across as insincere or critical. To create a psychologically safe space for two-way conversations, replace “why-based” questions with “what-based” ones. This almost always removes the unintended personal inference and focuses on the situation itself. Asked in this way, the other person is more likely to ease into a more comfortable conversation and be more willing to explore specific reasons rather than feeling they need to defend their actions. Learning when to hold back is equally important. Resisting the impulse (冲动) to interrupt the other person's thinking is one of the greatest gifts you can give them. Give them the space to do that valuable mental work. Filling the silence with your voice could be disastrous. Two-way conversations centered around asking powerful questions create deeper, mutually trusting connections between colleagues and pave the way for more cooperative and engaged cultures. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 概要写作（期末复习专项训练） 1．One possible version: A new study by Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi shows that plants suffer from traffic noise. Plants exposed to traffic noise have lower levels of growth hormones and higher levels of stress hormones. Whether all species are affected in the same way and whether some have evolved coping mechanisms are questions for future research. 2．One possible version: The PowerStride Backpack generates electricity from walking motion, charging devices sustainably. It uses piezoelectric panels to convert pressure into energy, stored in a built-in battery. This eco-friendly design reduces reliance on outlets and batteries, offering students portable power. Future versions may include solar panels and wearable tech adaptations. 3．In modern times, multiple parenting styles such as gentle, snowplow, and helicopter parenting have emerged. Gentle parenting emphasizes compassion and building strong parent child bonds. However, snowplow and helicopter parenting, though well intentioned, can impede kids’ development of resilience and independence. 4．Many people regard themselves either creative or not creative. Yet, experts proved creativity is not a personal quality and could be gained in specified situations. Another expert believes people could get creative by pretending to be someone else. But most people fail to do so because they care so much about success, forcing themselves to focus all the time. 5．The passage discusses the replication crisis in social science research. Large-scale projects like SCORE found many published studies lack reproducibility, with low replication rates due to insufficient detail and transparency. It argues science is self-correcting, requiring open data and rigorous replication to build reliable knowledge. 6．A global food shortage crisis exists, with rising grain prices. To stop this problem from worsening and damaging global economies, we must find and carry out effective solutions immediately. Solutions include scientists developing new crop-growing tools, protecting farmers from bad weather, and consumers eating less meat. All must work together. 7．     A new study redefines secrecy as the wish to hide information rather than active hiding. Constantly thinking about secrets alone instead of covering them up harms people’s mental health greatly. Surveys find most people keep various common romantic secrets. Researchers suggest mindfulness or anonymous online talks to ease related troubles. 8．One possible version: Many college graduates find it hard to adapt to life in the workplace. First, workplace circumstances are constantly changing and more uncertain. Besides, they are often required to think critically and make own decisions to solve problems. Finally, they must interact and cooperate with workmates to achieve success. Students are advised to do more volunteering work to tackle this transition. 9．The peaceful town was disturbed by several accidents. A delivery truck fell over, leading to a terrible traffic jam at the centre of the town. Apart from that, an old warehouse was caught in fire, causing a huge economic loss to the owner’s family. As a result, the family had great difficulty dealing with their work. 10．   People usually overestimate the risks of sharing personal feelings and ignore the harm of silence, for its costs are immediate while benefits are long-term. Actually, proper self-revealing is a learnable skill rather than a born trait. Small and wise expressions of true thoughts can reduce misunderstanding and keep social relationships healthy. 11． A 2021 survey shows 29% of 1,000 US children chose social media content creator as their top career, surpassing traditional jobs. It attracts with high earnings and clear popularity metrics (followers, likes). However, reality involves repetitive work, loneliness, forced positivity, and sponsor control. For most, it remains a hobby — things shift when it becomes a job. 12．CSR comprises three layers: traditional charity, risk management addressing reputation crises since 1980s disasters, and strategic value creation. While poorly executed CSR is mere window-dressing, well-implemented CSR constitutes sound business practice rather than peripheral virtue. 13．       People often feel anxious at night because the brain lacks daytime distractions and turns inward. Trying to resist worries makes them worse. A better approach is to manage worries by journaling about the past or making to-do lists for future tasks, which helps reduce mental overload and improve sleep.   14．Stretching is a targeted warm-up. It gets the body ready for intense exercise by improving blood flow, body temperature and joint flexibility. The benefits of stretching vary depending on the sport. It enhances runners’ efficiency and helps weightlifters prevent injury. Also, it maintains flexibility, balance and muscle health with age, being a long-term investment in physical well-being. 15． To retain budget-stretched consumers, snack and drink brands like PepsiCo and Mondelez are launching a wider range of small-sized products. These offerings aim to lift sales volumes and enjoy higher profit margins, with affordable options growing in importance even in the U.S. Yet they face challenges: consumer frustration over shrinkflation and intensified competition for limited retail shelf space. 16．    Managers often dominate conversations, limiting team trust and employees’ skill development. To boost two-way communication, they should ask questions instead of telling in order to encourage independent thinking, use “what” rather than “why” to avoid sounding critical, and resist interrupting to create thinking space. These changes encourage trust and a better team culture. (53 words) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 概要写作（期末复习专项训练） 1．（24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Many animals depend upon sound to find food, detect predators and communicate. These species understandably suffer when loud motorways cut through their habitats. It has always been assumed, however, that noise is a problem unique to animals. But a new study by botanist Alí Akbar GhotbiRavandi has revealed that plants suffer too. That plants can be hampered (抑制生长) indirectly by noise pollution has never been in doubt. Since many flowering and fruit-beaning species need animals to pollinate or disperse (传播) their seeds, it is obvious that if these animal partners are harmed by noise then their botanical counterparts will do badly, too. Scientists have hypothesized that plants may be able to sense sound waves as they are struck by them. Yet blasting plants with ultrasound is not the same as growing them in the presence of actual traffic noise. To this end, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi oscided to set up an experiment. Working with a team of colleagues, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi grew two species — French marigolds (金盏花) and scarlet sage (一串红) — in the same space before they were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to 73 decibels of traffic noise recorded from a busy motorway for 16hours a day. The other group was left to grow in silence. None of the plants exposed to the traffic noise did well. The team found that a range of hormones normally associated with healthy growth and development in plants were present at significantly reduced levels in the plants exposed to the noise. Two stress hormones, jasmonic acid and abscisi c acid, which are normally produced to fend off insect attacks, deal with salty soil or very cold temperatures, were elevated. The next question is whether all noise pollution affects all species in the same way. The natural world, with deafening storms and thunderous waterfalls, is by no means silent. Whether some plant species have evolved coping mechanisms, which might one day be transferred into urban-dwelling species, is a mystery worth exploring. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: A new study by Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi shows that plants suffer from traffic noise. Plants exposed to traffic noise have lower levels of growth hormones and higher levels of stress hormones. Whether all species are affected in the same way and whether some have evolved coping mechanisms are questions for future research. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了噪音对植物生长的影响，通过实验发现交通噪音会使植物生长相关激素水平降低，应激激素水平升高，同时提出了未来值得探索的问题。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①It has always been assumed, however, that noise is a problem unique to animals. But a new study by botanist Alí Akbar GhotbiRavandi has revealed that plants suffer too. ②It is obvious that if these animal partners are harmed by noise then their botanical counterparts will do badly, too. ③Yet blasting plants with ultrasound is not the same as growing them in the presence of actual traffic noise. ④One group was exposed to 73 decibels of traffic noise recorded from a busy motorway for 16 hours a day. The other group was left to grow in silence. ⑤The team found that a range of hormones normally associated with healthy growth and development in plants were present at significantly reduced levels in the plants exposed to the noise. ⑥Whether some plant species have evolved coping mechanisms, which might one day be transferred into urban-dwelling species, is a mystery worth exploring. 2. 缜密构思 将第①、②两个要点进行重组，将第③、④、⑤三个要点进行整合，第⑥要点单独成句。 3. 遣词造句 Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi's study finds plants suffer from traffic noise. Plants exposed to traffic noise have lower levels of growth hormones and higher levels of stress hormones. Whether all species are affected in the same way and whether some have evolved coping mechanisms are questions for future research. 【点睛】[高分句型1]：Plants exposed to traffic noise have lower levels of growth hormones and higher levels of stress hormones. 运用过去分词短语作定语对原文第四、五段进行了概括，使句子结构更加紧凑，表达更加高级。 [高分句型2]：Whether all species are affected in the same way and whether some have evolved coping mechanisms are questions for future research. 运用whether引导的主语从句对原文最后一段进行了概括，表达清晰且高级。 2．（24-25高二下·上海徐汇·期末）Direction: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The PowerStride Backpack: Charging Your Devices While You Walk Modern students rely heavily on electronic devices for learning, communication, and research. However, constant charging interrupts study sessions and mobility. The PowerStride Backpack offers an innovative solution: it binds moving energy from walking to generate electricity, turning daily travels into a power source. The backpack’s secret lies in its flexible piezoelectric panels (Turning-Pressure-into-Power panels) integrated (集成) into the shoulder straps and back padding. As the wearer walks, the natural motion compresses these panels, creating small electrical charges. These charges are collected and stored in a lightweight, built-in battery pack. A single hour of walking generates enough energy to charge a smartphone up to 20%, while a full school day can power a tablet or e-reader. The stored energy is accessible via USB ports unnoticeably placed in a side pocket. Beyond convenience, the PowerStride Backpack promotes sustainability and preparedness. Students no longer need to hunt for outlets between classes or carry large power banks. It ensures devices stay charged for note-taking, research, or emergency communication during long school days or commutes. Additionally, it reduces dependency on grid electricity, cutting down electronic waste from disposable batteries. Its durable, weather-resistant design makes it ideal for all seasons. Currently in model testing, the PowerStride Backpack could soon integrate solar panels for hybrid (混杂的) energy generation. Researchers also aim to adapt its technology for other wearable items like jackets or sports gear. For students, it represents more than convenience — it fosters awareness of renewable energy and demonstrates how everyday actions (like walking) can sustainably power our tech-driven lives. The PowerStride Backpack transforms an ordinary activity into a source of clean energy. It exemplifies how creativity in engineering can address real-world challenges, offering students greater independence while promoting environmental responsibility. As technology evolves, inventions like this empower users to literally carry the future on their shoulders. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: The PowerStride Backpack generates electricity from walking motion, charging devices sustainably. It uses piezoelectric panels to convert pressure into energy, stored in a built-in battery. This eco-friendly design reduces reliance on outlets and batteries, offering students portable power. Future versions may include solar panels and wearable tech adaptations. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了PowerStride背包通过行走动能发电的创新设计，解决了现代学生设备充电中断的问题。文中说明了其发电原理、充电效率、环保效益、耐用设计以及未来的技术拓展方向，展现了该背包如何将日常行走转化为清洁能源，体现了工程创新在解决实际问题中的作用。 【详解】1. 要点摘录   ①Modern students face charging interruptions for devices, and the PowerStride Backpack solves this by generating electricity from walking motion.   ②Flexible piezoelectric panels in straps and padding convert walking pressure into electrical charges, stored in a built-in battery (20% phone charge per hour of walking).   ③It reduces reliance on outlets and disposable batteries, cutting e-waste, with a weather-resistant design for all seasons.   ④Future plans include integrating solar panels and adapting tech to other wearables, fostering renewable energy awareness.   2. 缜密构思   将第①点作为总起句，点明背包解决充电问题的核心功能；将第②点作为背包的工作原理和充电效率；将第③点整合为背包的环保效益和设计优势；将第④点作为未来的技术拓展和意义。   3. 遣词造句   The PowerStride Backpack produces electricity from walking motion, charging devices sustainably. It uses piezoelectric panels to convert pressure into energy, stored in a built-in battery. This eco-friendly design reduces reliance on outlets and batteries, offering students portable power. Future versions may include solar panels and wearable tech adaptations. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The PowerStride Backpack generates electricity from walking motion, charging devices sustainably.（使用现在分词短语作状语）   [高分句型2] This eco-friendly design reduces reliance on outlets and batteries, offering students portable power.（使用现在分词短语作状语） 3．（24-25高二下·上海宝山·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. We are living in an age of metaphorical (隐喻的) parenting. First it was tiger parenting. Then helicopter parenting, snowplow parenting, and free-range parenting became trends. Now, gentle parenting is having an extended moment. Here’s what experts say about these parenting styles and their potential consequences for kids. Known for prioritizing compassion, warmth, and respect, gentle parenting is an approach that has gained popularity in recent years. A major hallmark of this style is the focus on fostering a strong bond between children and their parents. “It involves approaching parenting with understanding and adjustment — being able to look at things through a child’s perspective,” says Sarah Bren, a licensed clinical psychologist and co-founder of the Upshur-Bren Psychology Group in Pelham, New York. “Depending on how boundaries are set and discipline is handled, it can look a bit like authoritative or permissive parenting”, experts say. Parents who stick to snowplow parenting — which is also called lawnmower parenting or bulldozer parenting — often try to clear obstacles out of a child’s path. The parents’ intentions may be good — they don’t want their kids to struggle or feel distressed — but this isn’t realistic because challenges are a natural part of life. As a parent, “You want kids to handle difficulty or conflict with your support and guidance to help them build resilience (toughness),” says Bren. However, Bren emphasizes guiding children through difficulties to build resilience, warning that constantly clearing paths due to fear of failure may unintentionally create the exact weakness parents seek to prevent. The term “helicopter parenting” refers to parents who revolve around their children, being controlling and overprotective, ready to jump in to help at any moment. Much like with snowplow parenting, “This micromanaging doesn’t help kids learn to navigate difficulties on the road or develop resilience,” says Michele Borba, an educational psychologist based in southern California. As a result, “The child becomes dependent and unprepared to make decisions or act independently in real-life situations.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In modern times, multiple parenting styles such as gentle, snowplow, and helicopter parenting have emerged. Gentle parenting emphasizes compassion and building strong parent child bonds. However, snowplow and helicopter parenting, though well intentioned, can impede kids’ development of resilience and independence. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了当下多种隐喻式育儿风格，如温柔育儿、扫雪机式育儿和直升机式育儿，并阐述了不同育儿风格对孩子的潜在影响。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①We are living in an age of metaphorical (隐喻的) parenting. First it was tiger parenting. Then helicopter parenting, snowplow parenting, and free-range parenting became trends. Now, gentle parenting is having an extended moment. ②Known for prioritizing compassion, warmth, and respect, gentle parenting is an approach that has gained popularity in recent years. A major hallmark of this style is the focus on fostering a strong bond between children and their parents. ③Parents who stick to snowplow parenting — which is also called lawnmower parenting or bulldozer parenting — often try to clear obstacles out of a child’s path. ④The term “helicopter parenting” refers to parents who revolve around their children, being controlling and overprotective, ready to jump in to help at any moment. ⑤“This micromanaging doesn’t help kids learn to navigate difficulties on the road or develop resilience,” says Michele Borba … As a result, “The child becomes dependent and unprepared to make decisions or act independently in real life situations.” 2. 缜密构思 将第1要点概括多种育儿风格的出现；将第2要点总结温柔育儿的特点；将第3、4要点整合为扫雪机式和直升机式育儿的做法；将第5要点阐述这两种育儿方式对孩子的不良影响。 3. 遣词造句 In modern times, multiple parenting styles such as gentle, snowplow, and helicopter parenting have emerged. Gentle parenting emphasizes compassion and building strong parent child bonds. Snowplow and helicopter parenting, though well intentioned, can impede kids’ development of resilience and independence. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Gentle parenting emphasizes compassion and building strong parent child bonds. (运用了动名词作宾语) [高分句型2] However, snowplow and helicopter parenting, though well intentioned, can impede kids’ development of resilience and independence. (运用了though引导的让步状语从句并使用了省略) 4．（24-25高二下·上海·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Wish You Were More Creative? Just Pretend! One great irony about our collective interest in creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: Either we’re “creative” or we aren’t, without much of a middle ground. “I’m just not a creative person!” a frustrated student might say in art class, while another might blame her talent at painting for her difficulties in math, concluding with a comment such as, “I’m very right-brained.” Dr. Pillay, an assistant professor at Harvard University, has spent a great part of his career correcting these ideas. He believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to forget the advice that urges you to “believe in yourself”. In fact, you should do the opposite: Believe you are someone else. Dr. Pillay points to a 2016 study demonstrating the impact of stereotypes (刻板印象) on one’s behavior. The authors, educational psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided the college student subjects into three groups, instructing the members of one to think of themselves as “weird poets” and the members of another to imagine they were “strict librarians” (the third group was the control). The researchers then presented all the participants with ten ordinary objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one. Those who were asked to imagine themselves as weird poets came up with the widest range of ideas, while those in the strict-librarian group had the fewest. Meanwhile the researchers found only small differences in students’ creativity levels across academic majors. In fact, the physics majors imagining themselves as poets came up with more ideas than the art majors did. These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual feature but a “product of context and perspective”. Everyone can be creative, as long as he or she feels like a creative person. Dr. Pillay’s work takes this a step further: He argues that simply identifying yourself as creative is less powerful than taking the bold, creative step of imagining you are somebody else. This exercise, which he calls psychological Halloweenism, refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona. An actor may employ this technique to get into character, but anyone can use it. Unfortunately, those ideas often get drowned out because most of us spend way too much time worrying, and about two things in particular: how successful/unsuccessful we are and how little we’re focusing on the task at hand. These twin worries feed on each other an unfocused person is an unsuccessful one, we believe — and so we don’t allow our minds to wander into its quietly fertile fields. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Many people regard themselves either creative or not creative. Yet, experts proved creativity is not a personal quality and could be gained in specified situations. Another expert believes people could get creative by pretending to be someone else. But most people fail to do so because they care so much about success, forcing themselves to focus all the time. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，许多人要么认为自己富有创造力，要么认为自己缺乏创造力。然而，专家们证明，创造力并非一种个人特质，而是在特定情境下能够培养出来的。另一位专家认为，人们可以通过假扮他人来获得创造力。但大多数人做不到这一点，因为他们太在意成功了，以至于总是强迫自己全神贯注。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: Either we’re “creative” or we aren’t, without much of a middle ground. ②These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual feature but a “product of context and perspective”. ③Dr. Pillay’s work takes this a step further: He argues that simply identifying yourself as creative is less powerful than taking the bold, creative step of imagining you are somebody else. This exercise, which he calls psychological Halloweenism, refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona. An actor may employ this technique to get into character, but anyone can use it. ④Unfortunately, those ideas often get drowned out because most of us spend way too much time worrying, and about two things in particular: how successful/unsuccessful we are and how little we’re focusing on the task at hand. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Many people regard themselves either creative or not creative. Yet, experts proved creativity is not a personal quality and could be gained in specified situations. Another expert believes people could get creative by pretending to be someone else. But most people fail to do so because they care so much about success, forcing themselves to focus all the time. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Another expert believes people could get creative by pretending to be someone else.运用了省略that的宾语从句和动名词作宾语对倒数第二段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] But most people fail to do so because they care so much about success, forcing themselves to focus all the time.用because引导原因状语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 5．（25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. We all know what it feels like when we read a scientific paper. The findings seem solid; the conclusions are presented with confidence. And if you work in social science research, each year you see thousands of new studies published in respected journals. Despite this, researchers have been unable to reproduce a significant portion of these published results when they try to repeat the experiments. A massive seven-year project called SCORE recently examined 3,900 social-science papers and found troubling patterns. If someone publishes a study in a prestigious journal, we generally assume it can be trusted and built upon. We have a sense of the scientific literature as a reliable foundation. As a result, most of us would say that how research credibility works is fairly straightforward: peer-reviewed studies represent solid evidence that advances our understanding. But large-scale replication efforts reveal a different reality. However much a published paper feels like something authoritative, some scientists demand independent verification. Over the past decade, the SCORE team's investigations challenged our assumptions about research reliability. They showed us that reproducibility is limited; many papers lack sufficient detail for others to repeat the analysis accurately. They demonstrated that replication rates are concerning, with only about half of tested studies yielding consistent results when experiments were conducted from scratch. Findings don't always survive independent testing. There isn’t a single universal definition of “replicability,” in the sense that computational reproducibility differs from conceptual replication. Several researchers have taken it even further, suggesting that without transparent data sharing and detailed methodology, published conclusions should be treated as preliminary. Our shared understanding of scientific publication — the assumption that a peer-reviewed paper represents verified knowledge — may not apply to every study across all disciplines, but it does reflect the reality that science is an ongoing, self-correcting process. Many of us think of the published literature as a comprehensive archive that we can consult with full confidence. But replication scientists have shown that the research record is not like that at all. Numerous studies contain errors or incomplete information, and sometimes entire fields build on findings that later prove difficult to reproduce, despite others’ confidence in the original work. On occasion, even careful peer review fails to catch methodological flaws or missing data. Another mistake we make is to assume that conducting original research is completely separate from verifying it through replication. In fact, the two activities are deeply connected. We rely on similar principles of transparency and rigor to ensure both initial studies and replication attempts meet scientific standards. It is the commitment to open data and reproducible methods that enables us to distinguish robust findings from those that require further investigation. This discipline allows the scientific community to build cumulative knowledge and maintain public trust in research. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The passage discusses the replication crisis in social science research. Large-scale projects like SCORE found many published studies lack reproducibility, with low replication rates due to insufficient detail and transparency. It argues science is self-correcting, requiring open data and rigorous replication to build reliable knowledge. 【导语】本文介绍说，社会科学研究中存在严重的可复制性问题，大规模项目如SCORE发现很多已发表论文无法被重复验证。作者指出科学是一个不断自我修正的过程，需要透明的数据共享和严格的方法论，才能建立可靠的研究基础。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① Researchers have been unable to reproduce a significant portion of these published results when they try to repeat the experiments. ② A massive seven-year project called SCORE recently examined 3,900 social-science papers and found troubling patterns. ③ They showed us that reproducibility is limited; many papers lack sufficient detail for others to repeat the analysis accurately. ④ Without transparent data sharing and detailed methodology, published conclusions should be treated as preliminary. ⑤ Science is an ongoing, self-correcting process. 2. 缜密构思 第①、②要点合并，概述现象与规模。 第③、④要点整合，说明问题原因及改进建议。 第⑤要点独立，强调科学的本质属性。 3. 遣词造句 Many social science studies fail to be reproduced despite being published in respected journals. Large-scale checks like SCORE reveal serious gaps in research transparency and detail. Open data and strict methodology are essential for building reliable scientific knowledge. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 Large-scale projects like SCORE found many published studies lack reproducibility, with low replication rates due to insufficient detail and transparency. (运用with + 名词 + 介词短语"的复合结构对原文第二、三段核心内容进行了高度概括，表达简洁而高级。)   【高分句型2】 It argues science is self-correcting, requiring open data and rigorous replication to build reliable knowledge. (运用现在分词短语作伴随状语对原文最后两段进行概括，其中“requiring...”结构使行文紧凑流畅，表达非常高级。) 6．（25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as for as possible. Food Shortage Crisis There is no doubt that a global food shortage crisis currently exists. With the prices of staple grains such as wheat, rice, and corn rising from year to year, more people continue to go hungry. In order to prevent this problem from growing any worse and potentially ruining economies around the world, it is crucial that sound solutions are sought and implemented. According to experts, one solution is for scientists to develop new tools to increase crop production. Researchers around the world are studying ways to improve crops and farming techniques. Two such pieces that are making important discoveries are the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center in Mexico. Scientists there are growing staple crops that are more pest-resistant and weed-resistant. The new and improved crops are also more nutrient-rich and yield higher quantities. Helping farmers safeguard against bad weather conditions is another possible solution to the global food shortage crisis. Unprepared farmers and unpredictable weather have proven to be a recipe for disaster. For example, droughts in Australia have left hundreds of farms bare and even more people without food. A farm pond to store rainwater is one preventative method scientists have developed to fight against the threat of droughts. Governments and farmers aren’t the only groups that must work towards a solution to the global food shortage crisis. Consumers also bear the responsibility of helping decrease shortage. One very simple thing that all consumers can do is purchase and eat less meat. Cows, chickens, and pigs are all fed with feed made from corn and other important grains. The large amount of food that is used to feed them could easily be redirected for human consumption if the demand for such meats decreased. There is no doubt that the global food shortage problem needs to be addressed immediately. The only way to prevent further worldwide hunger and malnutrition is for all parties to work together towards a solution. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A global food shortage crisis exists, with rising grain prices. To stop this problem from worsening and damaging global economies, we must find and carry out effective solutions immediately. Solutions include scientists developing new crop-growing tools, protecting farmers from bad weather, and consumers eating less meat. All must work together. 【导语】全球粮食短缺危机已然存在，粮食价格持续上涨。为阻止该问题进一步恶化、破坏全球经济，我们必须立刻寻找并实施有效的解决办法。解决措施包括：科研人员研发新型农作物种植设备、保护农民免受恶劣天气侵害，以及消费者减少肉类摄入。各方必须携手合作、共同应对。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①There is no doubt that a global food shortage crisis currently exists. With the prices of staple grains such as wheat, rice, and corn rising from year to year, more people continue to go hungry. ②According to experts, one solution is for scientists to develop new tools to increase crop production. ③Helping farmers safeguard against bad weather conditions is another possible solution to the global food shortage crisis. ④Consumers also bear the responsibility of helping decrease shortage. One very simple thing that all consumers can do is purchase and eat less meat. ⑤The only way to prevent further worldwide hunger and malnutrition is for all parties to work together towards a solution. 2.缜密构思 将第一个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4、5四个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 A global food shortage crisis exists, with rising grain prices. To stop this problem from worsening and damaging global economies, we must find and carry out effective solutions immediately. Solutions include scientists developing new crop - growing tools, protecting farmers from bad weather, and consumers eating less meat. All must work together. 【点睛】[高分句型1] To stop this problem from worsening and damaging global economies, we must find and carry out effective solutions immediately. (运用了不定式作目的状语) [高分句型2] Solutions include scientists developing new crop-growing tools, protecting farmers from bad weather, and consumers eating less meat. (运用了动名词的复合结构作宾语和现在分词作状语) 7．（25-26高二下·上海松江·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Hidden Cost of Secrecy It is no secret that we all have secrets. Maintaining them can be draining, but not for the reason most researchers have long assumed. A new study redefines “secrecy” itself and offers a novel explanation for its known link to depression, anxiety and poor overall health. The researchers suggest that secrecy is primarily the intention to conceal information, regardless of any active concealment around others. And that hurts us by making us feel inauthentic, even when we are alone. Michael Slepian, a psychologist at Columbia Business School, and his colleagues recently reported their findings in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. In six studies, they surveyed a total of 1,200 Americans online — as well as 312 people picnicking in New York City’s Central Park — regarding 38 categories of behavior that are often kept secret. In five of these studies, respondents said they were currently hiding information in about 13 of these categories on average (including about five secrets they were keeping from everyone). The most common secrets were extra-relational thoughts (thinking about being with another person while already in a relationship) and romantic desire (while being single). What was the most important finding in Michael’s research? People reported that when they were not interacting with anyone, they thought about their secrets about twice as often as they actively concealed them in conversation. The more frequently their mind wandered to a secret, the more they said it damaged their well-being and the less healthy they felt. Surprisingly, active concealment had no effect on well-being at all — in contrast to previous assumptions. Four additional studies, all involving couples and conducted online, produced similar findings. If you must keep a secret, Slepian suggests avoiding dwelling on it by practising mindfulness or by discussing the forbidden topic in anonymous online forums. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】     A new study redefines secrecy as the wish to hide information rather than active hiding. Constantly thinking about secrets alone instead of covering them up harms people’s mental health greatly. Surveys find most people keep various common romantic secrets. Researchers suggest mindfulness or anonymous online talks to ease related troubles. 【导语】本文主要介绍了一项新研究重新定义了秘密，指出反复回想秘密比刻意隐瞒更伤害身心健康，调查显示人们常有各类情感秘密，并给出缓解秘密带来困扰的相关建议。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①A new study redefines “secrecy” itself and offers a novel explanation for its known link to depression, anxiety and poor overall health. ②The researchers suggest that secrecy is primarily the intention to conceal information, regardless of any active concealment around others. ③The most common secrets were extra-relational thoughts (thinking about being with another person while already in a relationship) and romantic desire (while being single). ④The more frequently their mind wandered to a secret, the more they said it damaged their well-being and the less healthy they felt. ⑤If you must keep a secret, Slepian suggests avoiding dwelling on it by practising mindfulness or by discussing the forbidden topic in anonymous online forums. 2.缜密构思 将第1句作为问题描述，第2、4句整合为问题危害，第3句描述普遍现状，第5句作为建议。 3.遣词造句 A new study redefines secrecy as the intention to hide information instead of active hiding. Constantly thinking about secrets alone instead of covering them up harms people’s mental health greatly. Surveys find most people keep various common romantic secrets. Researchers suggest mindfulness or anonymous online talks to ease related troubles. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Constantly thinking about secrets alone instead of covering them up harms people’s mental health greatly. (运用了instead of连接的并列动名词短语作主语) 【高分句型2】Surveys find most people keep various common romantic secrets. (运用了find+宾语+宾补结构) 8．（25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Bridging the gap: from classroom to workplace For all the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the shift from classroom to career world and have difficulty adjusting to life on the job. Writer and editor Joseph Lewis believes that most of our school experiences are fairly predictable, while life in the working world is far more uncertain. In school, for example, the pattern stays more or less the same from year to year. In the workplace, however, constant change is the norm, and one has to adapt quickly. Another problem that graduates entering the workforce encounter is that they are unprepared to think analytically. In school, many students including those in college, spend a lot ot time memorizing facts and repeating what they “learned” on tests. But in the workplace employees are often expected to think critically and make decisions about their work, not just follow a supervisor's instructions. An employee who is facing a problem at work, for example, needs to be able to identify different solutions, select the best course of action, and explain his choice to others. Finally, in school, a student normally works independently to complete most tasks (tests, homework, and projects) and receives a grade according to how well he or she has done. In the workplace, employees must regularly interact with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success. In other words, if an employee has to work with others to complete a given project, that employee's success not only depends on his hard work and expertise, but also on how well his colleagues perform. How can we better prepare young adults for the work place? It is suggested that students should do an internship while they are in school. Volunteering part time at a company, hospital or government organization, for example, can help them gain experience and learn skills. Doing these will help prepare students for the realities of the workplace and make the transition from school to career world less stressful. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Many college graduates find it hard to adapt to life in the workplace. First, workplace circumstances are constantly changing and more uncertain. Besides, they are often required to think critically and make own decisions to solve problems. Finally, they must interact and cooperate with workmates to achieve success. Students are advised to do more volunteering work to tackle this transition. 【导语】文章主要介绍许多大学毕业生发现很难适应职场生活的原因。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①For all the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the shift from classroom to career world and have difficulty adjusting to life on the job. ②Writer and editor Joseph Lewis believes that most of our school experiences are fairly predictable, while life in the working world is far more uncertain. ③Another problem that graduates entering the workforce encounter is that they are unprepared to think analytically. In school, many students including those in college, spend a lot ot time memorizing facts and repeating what they “learned” on tests. But in the workplace employees are often expected to think critically and make decisions about their work, not just follow a supervisor's instructions. ④In the workplace, employees must regularly interact with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success. ⑤It is suggested that students should do an internship while they are in school. Volunteering part time at a company, hospital or government organization, for example, can help them gain experience and learn skills. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行重组作为总说，将第2、3、4三个要点分别重组作为分说，将第5个要点重组作为建议和结语。 3.遣词造句 Many college graduates find it hard to adapt to life in the workplace. First, workplace circumstances are constantly changing and more uncertain. Besides, they are often required to think critically and make own decisions to solve problems. Finally, they must interact and cooperate with workmates to achieve success. Students are advised to do more volunteering work to tackle this transition. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Many college graduates find it hard to adapt to life in the workplace.(运用形式宾语it，不定式作真正宾语的句型对第一段内容总结，表达高级) [高分句型2] Students are advised to do more volunteering work to deal with this transition.(运用不定式作目的状语和不定式做宾语补足语，对最后一段内容进行总结，表达高级)。 9．（25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Reading the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Above the little town, thin clouds moved slowly across the sky. Tree branches shifted in the wind, and leaves brushed against one another with a dry, faint sound. By the lake, ripples travelled over the water and faded among the reeds at the shore. On the farms beyond the houses, horses kept their heads low in the grass, while cows and sheep stood apart across the open ground. Along the narrow stone road, fences threw broken shadows, and from a few chimneys smoke rose into the air in pale, wavering threads. But all this ended abruptly. The first interruption came when a delivery truck overturned in the middle of the town. Boxes split open on the ground, and fruit, bottles, and paper packages were thrown across the road. People ran out from nearby shops, while the driver climbed out in shock and stared at the mess around him. The accident soon caused a serious traffic jam in the town centre. Cars stood bumper to bumper along the narrow street, and impatient drivers began pressing their horns again and again. Even people on foot found it difficult to pass. as the crowd, the fallen goods, and the waiting vehicles had turned the area into a knot of confusion. Yet the town had scarcely begun to settle again when another unease, subtler at first, passed from door to door. Curtains were drawn aside. Heads appeared at windows. Beyond the far end of the lake, a thin line of smoke had begun to rise, and soon a red glow showed itself behind the trees. Before long, flames were seen climbing up the side of an old warehouse. The accident caused enormous economic loss to the family who owned the building. Much of their stored grain was destroyed, several pieces of farming equipment were damaged beyond repair, and a large supply of animal feed was reduced to ash. With their grain, tools and supplies ruined, the family faced serious difficulty in carrying on their work. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The peaceful town was disturbed by several accidents. A delivery truck fell over, leading to a terrible traffic jam at the centre of the town. Apart from that, an old warehouse was caught in fire, causing a huge economic loss to the owner’s family. As a result, the family had great difficulty dealing with their work. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍说这个宁静的小镇遭到了几起事故的干扰。一辆送货卡车侧翻，导致镇中心出现了严重的交通堵塞。除此之外，一座老旧的仓库起火了，给主人一家造成了巨大的经济损失。因此，这家人很难应对日常工作。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①The first interruption came when a delivery truck overturned in the middle of the town. The accident soon caused a serious traffic jam in the town centre. ②Before long, flames were seen climbing up the side of an old warehouse. The accident caused enormous economic loss to the family who owned the building. ③With their grain, tools and supplies ruined, the family faced serious difficulty in carrying on their work.④ 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 The peaceful town was disturbed by several accidents. A delivery truck fell over, leading to a terrible traffic jam at the centre of the town. Apart from that, an old warehouse was caught in fire, causing a huge economic loss to the owner’s family. As a result, the family had great difficulty dealing with their work. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A delivery truck fell over, leading to a terrible traffic jam at the centre of the town.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） [高分句型2] As a result, the family had great difficulty dealing with their work.(运用了动名词短语作宾语) 10．（25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. In Defense of Oversharing Think about an ordinary day. You feel annoyed after a meeting but say nothing. You pull back from a friend who said something that hurt you, without explaining why. We rarely even consider that revealing a personal truth is an option. And when we do, we tend to think about it in an unfair way: We overestimate the risks and underestimate the benefits. Imagine you are considering whether to tell a friend that their comment hurt you. You will probably worry that your friend might get defensive, feel awkward, or think you’re being oversensitive. What’s less likely to come to mind are the risks of staying silent: lingering resentment(怨恨), a pattern of emotional distance, or a pattern of misunderstandings that slowly hurts the relationship. This skew (偏差) makes a certain psychological sense. The social costs of revealing are often immediate and instinctive: an awkward pause, a fleeting look of discomfort. These moments threaten and teach us quickly what to avoid. The benefits of revealing, by contrast — corrected assumptions, increased trust, a feeling of being known — tend to unfold quietly and over time. They’re harder to feel in the moment, which makes them easy to discount. But the problem runs deeper than individual psychology. The very way we talk about oversharing is flawed. We treat revealing as a personality trait — something you either have or don’t. You’re either “the kind of person who overshares,” or not. But revealing wisely is a skill. And like any skill, it improves with practice, feedback, and reflection. Treating revealing as a skill makes it less scary. Skills can be learned. They can be done imperfectly without being disastrous. And perhaps most importantly, appreciating the benefits of revealing usually requires actually doing it. Silence never teaches us what might have happened if we had spoken. Only revealing does. For most people, getting better at this skill doesn’t mean turning every interaction into a confessional(坦白). It means revealing a bit more than you normally would: explaining a reaction instead of swallowing it, sharing a constraint instead of letting others misinterpret your behavior, and naming uncertainty instead of projecting confidence you don’t feel. These are not grand acts of vulnerability. They are small moves that make our social lives run more smoothly. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】   People usually overestimate the risks of sharing personal feelings and ignore the harm of silence, for its costs are immediate while benefits are long-term. Actually, proper self-revealing is a learnable skill rather than a born trait. Small and wise expressions of true thoughts can reduce misunderstanding and keep social relationships healthy. 【导语】本文反驳了人们对“坦诚分享”的偏见，指出人们往往高估分享的即时尴尬风险、低估自我披露带来的益处；主张将明智的自我表露视为可通过练习提升的技能，而非天生性格特质，并建议通过适度、小范围的坦诚沟通，改善社交关系、减少误解。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ① We overestimate the risks and underestimate the benefits. ② What’s less likely to come to mind are the risks of staying silent. ③ But revealing wisely is a skill. And like any skill, it improves with practice, feedback, and reflection. ④ Skills can be learned. ⑤It means revealing a bit more than you normally would: explaining a reaction instead of swallowing it, sharing a constraint instead of letting others misinterpret your behavior, naming uncertainty instead of projecting confidence you don’t feel. ⑥They are small moves that make our social lives run more smoothly. 2.缜密构思 将要点①②进行整合；要点③④进行合并，要点⑤⑥进行概括合并。 3.遣词造句 People usually overestimate the risks of sharing personal feelings and ignore the harm of silence, for its costs are immediate while benefits are long-term. Actually, proper self-revealing is a learnable skill rather than a born trait. Small and wise expressions of true thoughts can reduce misunderstanding and keep social relationships healthy. 【点睛】[高分句型 1] People usually overestimate the risks of sharing personal feelings and ignore the harm of silence, for its costs are immediate while benefits are long-term. (运用了for引导的原因状语从句，并用while连接的并列句，对前三段内容进行概括总结) [高分句型 2] Small and wise expressions of true thoughts can reduce misunderstanding and keep social relationships healthy.(运用and连接的并列结构对最后一段内容进行了高度凝练概括) 11．（25-26高二下·上海·阶段检测）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. I want to be a content creator In 2021, 1,000 children in the US were asked what they would like to be when they grew up. In the past, sports star, pop star and astronaut were the most common answers, but this is no longer the case. While these occupations still feature significantly, social-media content creator or influencer now has a clear lead, with twenty-nine percent of children naming this as their number-one ambition. These findings are perhaps not surprising; successful influencers are now earning a great fortune every day and financial rewards are not the only attraction. Social media attaches importance to another thing: it gives creators precise numbers that tell them exactly how popular — or famous — they are. To date, one top influencer could have over 100 million followers and receive nearly 100 thousand “likes” for a single post. It seems that the benefits for being a creator are endless. However, as with many supposedly desirable jobs, the reality may not match the fantasy. Just as successful sports stars endure tough early-morning training sessions and pop stars find themselves on endless, tiring flights, creators often spend hours sitting alone in front of a camera, repeating the same activities again and again. And while they always seem positive and energetic, it’s important to remember that appearing to be happy is their job. As a creator puts it, “If content creator is your job, you need to get it done whether you feel like doing it or not.” Corporate sponsors also control what creators do and say — they pay influencers to promote their products and services — so while social media creators may seem to “be their own bosses”, this is rarely true. Like sports and music, social media will remain a hobby for most young people, and for many, it is a place where they can make friends and grow in confidence. But when hobbies turn into their jobs, things change. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A 2021 survey shows 29% of 1,000 US children chose social media content creator as their top career, surpassing traditional jobs. It attracts with high earnings and clear popularity metrics (followers, likes). However, reality involves repetitive work, loneliness, forced positivity, and sponsor control. For most, it remains a hobby — things shift when it becomes a job. 【导语】文章主要讨论了成为社交媒体内容创作者或网红这一职业选择在儿童中的流行趋势及其背后的原因和现实情况。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①In 2021, 1,000 children in the US were asked what they would like to be when they grew up. While these occupations still feature significantly, social-media content creator or influencer now has a clear lead, with twenty-nine percent of children naming this as their number-one ambition. ②Successful influencers are now earning a great fortune every day and financial rewards are not only attraction. It gives creators precise numbers that tell them exactly how popular — or famous — they are. ③Just as successful sports stars endure tough early-morning training sessions and pop stars find themselves on endless, tiring flights, creators often spend hours sitting alone in front of a camera, repeating the same activities again and again. And while they always seem positive and energetic, it’s important to remember that appearing to be happy is their job. As a creator puts it, “If content creator is your job, you need to get it done whether you feel like doing it or not.” Corporate sponsors also control what creators do and say — they pay influencers to promote their products and services — so while social media creators may seem to “be their own bosses”, this is rarely true. ④and for many, it is a place where they can make friends and grow in confidence. But when hobbies turn into their jobs, things change. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点作为背景引入，第2个要点阐述成为内容创作者的好处，第3个要点讨论成为内容创作者的现实挑战，第4个要点进行总结。 3.遣词造句 A 2021 survey shows 29% of 1,000 US children chose social media content creator as their top career, surpassing traditional jobs. It attracts with high earnings and clear popularity metrics (followers, likes). However, reality involves repetitive work, loneliness, forced positivity, and sponsor control. For most, it remains a hobby — things shift when it becomes a job. 【点睛】【高分句型1】A 2021 survey shows 29% of 1,000 US children chose social media content creator as their top career, surpassing traditional jobs. (运用了现在分词作状语) 【高分句型2】For most, it remains a hobby — things shift when it becomes a job. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句) 12．（25-26高二下·上海闵行·月考）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works. Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill,industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation. So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct (行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency (透明) in their operations. Increasingly, too, they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks. All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game.The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company’s competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of “doing well by doing good” has become popular.Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy? Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue (美德)： it is just good business. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】CSR comprises three layers: traditional charity, risk management addressing reputation crises since 1980s disasters, and strategic value creation. While poorly executed CSR is mere window-dressing, well-implemented CSR constitutes sound business practice rather than peripheral virtue. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了企业社会责任 (CSR) 的三个层次：传统慈善、风险管理和战略价值创造，并指出CSR若执行得当便是良好的商业实践，反之则沦为表面功夫。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① CSR consists of three layers: traditional charity (about 1% pre-tax profits), risk management (responding to reputation crises since 1980s disasters), and strategic value creation (doing well by doing good). ② Companies manage risks by consulting NGOs, creating codes of conduct, and increasing transparency; they also set common rules with competitors. ③ Well-executed CSR is good business, but poorly done CSR is merely window-dressing and potentially harmful. 2. 缜密构思 将①②整合为“三层内涵+具体表现”，将③独立为“正反评价”，形成“定义—分层—评价”结构。 3. 遣词造句 CSR comprises three layers: traditional charity, risk management addressing reputation crises since 1980s disasters, and strategic value creation. While poorly executed CSR is mere window-dressing, well-implemented CSR constitutes sound business practice rather than peripheral virtue. 【点睛】[高分句型1] CSR comprises three layers: traditional charity, risk management addressing reputation crises since 1980s disasters, and strategic value creation.（运用了现在分词短语作后置定语） [高分句型2] While poorly executed CSR is mere window-dressing, well-implemented CSR constitutes sound business practice rather than peripheral virtue. （运用while连接并列句，表示对比关系） 13．（25-26高三下·上海·阶段检测）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Do I Get Anxious Thoughts Late at Night? Sleep problems are surprisingly common, with many adults struggling to fall asleep because of anxious thoughts. Research from the University of Oxford shows that people with sleeplessness tend to focus more on worries at bedtime, while good sleepers think of little in particular. Many people have experienced falling asleep easily in front of the TV, only to lie awake once in bed. This highlights a key reason for nighttime anxiety: the sudden lack of distraction. During the day and evening, the brain is constantly engaged — working, socialising, or watching something. But once the lights are off, external stimulation disappears, leaving the mind free to turn inward. At this point, it often dwells on past events or future concerns, the two main sources of worry. Psychologists suggest that trying to push these thoughts away doesn’t really work. Often, the more you resist them, the more they seem to stick around. A better approach is to notice them and simply let them pass. For worries about the past, one useful method is to write in a journal before bed. Studies have shown that people who record their thoughts and feelings fall asleep more quickly. Putting concerns onto paper seems to reduce their mental impact, making it easier to relax. For others, it is future tasks that cause anxiety, especially at the start of the week when responsibilities feel too much to handle. Research supports the idea that writing a to-do list before bedtime can help. In one study, participants who wrote down upcoming tasks fell asleep faster than those who simply reflected on what they had already done. Writing appears to organise thoughts and reduce mental overload. In general, worrying is normal. The key is to manage it, not remove it. If you deal with worries earlier in the day, you’re less likely to feel stressed at night and can sleep more easily. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】       People often feel anxious at night because the brain lacks daytime distractions and turns inward. Trying to resist worries makes them worse. A better approach is to manage worries by journaling about the past or making to-do lists for future tasks, which helps reduce mental overload and improve sleep.   【导语】本文主要分析了人们深夜易产生焦虑思绪的原因，并介绍了应对深夜焦虑、改善睡眠的有效方法。    【详解】1.要点摘录 ① Research shows that people with sleeplessness focus more on worries at bedtime.     ② The sudden lack of distraction after lights off leaves the mind free to turn inward, dwelling on past or future concerns.     ③ Trying to push anxious thoughts away doesn’t work; resisting makes them stick more.     ④ Writing in a journal before bed helps reduce the mental impact of past worries.     ⑤ Writing a to-do list before bed helps organize thoughts and reduce mental overload from future tasks.   2. 缜密构思     将第1、2点整合为夜间焦虑产生的原因；将第3点作为错误应对方式；将第4、5点作为两种正确管理策略。 3.遣词造句 People often feel anxious at night because the brain lacks daytime distractions and turns inward. Trying to resist worries makes them worse. A better approach is to manage worries by journaling about the past or making to-do lists for future tasks, which helps reduce mental overload and improve sleep.   【点睛】【高分句型1】People often feel anxious at night because the brain lacks daytime distractions and turns inward.(运用了because引导的原因状语从句) 【高分句型2】A better approach is to manage worries by journaling about the past or making to-do lists for future tasks, which helps reduce mental overload and improve sleep.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 14．（2026·上海浦东新·三模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why stretching matters If you’ve ever witnessed the starting line of a professional running race, you’ll have seen athletes engaging in dynamic stretches, as if dancing with uncontrollable excitement. This is not random movement but a targeted warm-up routine. The primary purpose is to prepare the body for the intense demands of exercise. Stretching increases blood flow to the muscles, raises body temperature, and improves the range of motion in joints. If you warm up the muscles before the starting gun, you don’t need to use the first part of the race to increase your power. This preparation allows the body to perform optimally from the very beginning. For different sports, stretching serves specific functions. Runners benefit from enhanced joint mobility for greater efficiency. In contrast, weightlifters require stability and precise movement. For them, mobility-focused stretches — such as those for the hips and spine — help achieve correct posture, which is crucial for preventing injury during controlled, powerful lifts. Stretching not only prepares your body for exercise, but it also plays a vital part in keeping your muscles healthy for longer in general life. As you age, your muscles get less flexible naturally over time, so keeping gentle stretches as part of your daily routine can maintain your flexibility into old age and give you better balance for daily life. Stretching also increases the blood flow to your muscles, delivering essential nutrients to tissue and removing waste products for a more efficient muscle-healing system. The value of stretching lies in its power to connect the “present” with the “future”. Therefore, starting today, consider stretching an investment in your body's future. It’s not just about winning the next race, but about being able to easily tie your shoes and walk steadily on every path decades from now—embracing a more flexible, autonomous life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Stretching is a targeted warm-up. It gets the body ready for intense exercise by improving blood flow, body temperature and joint flexibility. The benefits of stretching vary depending on the sport. It enhances runners’ efficiency and helps weightlifters prevent injury. Also, it maintains flexibility, balance and muscle health with age, being a long-term investment in physical well-being. 【导语】本文介绍了拉伸运动十分重要，它是针对性热身方式，能为高强度运动做好身体准备、助力运动最佳发挥；不同运动中拉伸有专属作用，同时还能长期维护肌肉健康、保持身体柔韧与平衡，是对身体健康的长远投入。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① This is not random movement but a targeted warm-up routine. ② The primary purpose is to prepare the body for the intense demands of exercise. Stretching increases blood flow to the muscles, raises body temperature, and improves the range of motion in joints. ③ For different sports, stretching serves specific functions. Runners benefit from enhanced joint mobility for greater efficiency. In contrast, weightlifters require stability and precise movement. For them, mobility-focused stretches — such as those for the hips and spine — help achieve correct posture, which is crucial for preventing injury during controlled, powerful lifts. ④ As you age, your muscles get less flexible naturally over time, so keeping gentle stretches as part of your daily routine can maintain your flexibility into old age and give you better balance for daily life. ⑤ The value of stretching lies in its power to connect the “present” with the “future”. 2. 缜密构思   将第①②两个要点进行重组，概括拉伸的定义和核心功能；将第③个要点单独呈现，体现不同运动的差异化益处；将第④⑤两个要点进行整合，突出拉伸的长期健康价值，用“being a long-term investment”一句收束全文。 3. 遣词造句   Stretching is a targeted warm-up, not random movement. It prepares the body for intense exercise by increasing blood flow, raising body temperature and improving joint flexibility. The benefits of stretching vary depending on the sport: runners gain efficiency while weightlifters prevent injury. It also maintains flexibility, balance and muscle health with age, being a long-term investment in physical well-being. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 It gets the body ready for intense exercise by improving blood flow, body temperature and joint flexibility. (运用“by + 动名词”结构简洁高效地概括了原文要点②中拉伸的三大核心作用，比逐一罗列更为紧凑高级。)   【高分句型2】 Also, it maintains flexibility, balance and muscle health with age, being a long-term investment in physical well-being. (用现在分词短语“being a long-term investment...”作结果状语，巧妙融合了原文要点④⑤中关于拉伸长期价值和“连接现在与未来”的核心思想，表达非常高级，且与全文收尾呼应，结构完整。) 15．（2026·上海黄浦·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Battle to Keep Consumers Means Smaller Packs of Cookies and Chips Snack and drink in very small sizes are hitting store shelves as brands try to keep stretched consumers buying with lower-price options. PepsiCo now sells Lay’s potato chips in half a dozen different-sized bags, costing from around 50 cents to roughly $5. And Mondelez International has six different Milka chocolate bar sizes with prices from under $1 to $6. Food, drink and consumer-product companies are hoping that a wider range of shrunken size options can boost overall sales volumes, which have been pressured in recent quarters. Smaller-size offerings also tend to have higher profit margins (利润率). “Consumers are going into small pack sizes to make the best use of their budget,” said Mondelez Finance Chief Luca Zaramella. “The $3, $4 as opposed to the $6, $7, particularly in snacks, are becoming a clear center of gravity.” Consumer-goods companies have long tailored packaging for cookies, chips and other items to a range of factors: on-the-go or lunch snacking, portion control, affordability. The last one, however, critical in emerging markets for years, has recently become more important in the U.S. Still, offering more package sizes may create some problems. In some cases, consumers clearly see they are getting less — fewer potato chips, cookies, for instance — but not a correspondingly lower price, an approach known as shrinkflation that has annoyed shoppers in recent years. Another difficulty is that just as some brands expand their product listings, retailers (零售商) are working to reduce the number of products on their shelves — intensifying the already harsh competition for shelf space. Companies want the single-serve option to attract consumers, but they also want the multipack and several options to drive volumes, said Bonnie Herzog, a senior analyst at Goldman Sachs. “But there’s only so much space for some of these categories,” she said. “And it’s harder to come by.” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 To retain budget-stretched consumers, snack and drink brands like PepsiCo and Mondelez are launching a wider range of small-sized products. These offerings aim to lift sales volumes and enjoy higher profit margins, with affordable options growing in importance even in the U.S. Yet they face challenges: consumer frustration over shrinkflation and intensified competition for limited retail shelf space. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了零食饮料品牌推出小包装产品以留住消费者，虽能提升销量和利润，但也面临缩水式通胀引发消费者不满、货架空间竞争加剧等问题。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Snack and drink in very small sizes are hitting store shelves as brands try to keep stretched consumers buying with lower-price options. ②Food, drink and consumer-product companies are hoping that a wider range of shrunken size options can boost overall sales volumes, which have been pressured in recent quarters. Smaller-size offerings also tend to have higher profit margins (利润率). ③The last one, however, critical in emerging markets for years, has recently become more important in the U.S. ④In some cases, consumers clearly see they are getting less — fewer potato chips, cookies, for instance — but not a correspondingly lower price, an approach known as shrinkflation that has annoyed shoppers in recent years. ⑤Another difficulty is that just as some brands expand their product listings, retailers (零售商) are working to reduce the number of products on their shelves — intensifying the already harsh competition for shelf space. 2. 缜密构思 先以要点①引出品牌推出小包装产品的背景；整合要点②③说明此举目的和市场趋势；最后结合要点④⑤阐述面临的两大挑战。 3. 遣词造句 To retain budget-stretched consumers, snack and drink brands like PepsiCo and Mondelez are launching a wider range of small-sized products. These offerings aim to lift sales volumes and enjoy higher profit margins, with affordable options growing in importance even in the U.S. Yet they face challenges: consumer frustration over shrinkflation and intensified competition for limited retail shelf space. 【点睛】[高分句型1] To retain budget-stretched consumers, snack and drink brands like PepsiCo and Mondelez are launching a wider range of small-sized products. (运用动词不定式作目的状语) [高分句型2] These offerings aim to lift sales volumes and enjoy higher profit margins, with affordable options growing in importance even in the U.S. (运用with复合结构作伴随状语) 16．（2026·上海崇明·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Productive Conversations Too often, managers stifle (扼杀) conversation without realizing it — taking over meetings without providing space for discussion and jumping in with their own solutions to problems that are brought to them. This habit of dominating dialogue creates a disconnect between managers and their teams and creates cultures defined by a lack of mutual trust and cooperation. It also restricts the opportunities for employees to develop their own initiative, creativity and independent problem-solving skills required for high performance. Thankfully, there are simple yet effective strategies that can help managers encourage two-way dialogues at work and stimulate more engaged, united teams. Rather than giving directions, leaders can benefit from shifting toward inquiry. Asking a question is almost always better than telling someone what to do. When leaders adopt a directive, “I have all the answers” approach to conversations, the other person is ultimately robbed of a learning opportunity to think for themselves. Word choice in questioning also makes a difference to the tone of a conversation. Too often, leaders ask questions that come across as insincere or critical. To create a psychologically safe space for two-way conversations, replace “why-based” questions with “what-based” ones. This almost always removes the unintended personal inference and focuses on the situation itself. Asked in this way, the other person is more likely to ease into a more comfortable conversation and be more willing to explore specific reasons rather than feeling they need to defend their actions. Learning when to hold back is equally important. Resisting the impulse (冲动) to interrupt the other person's thinking is one of the greatest gifts you can give them. Give them the space to do that valuable mental work. Filling the silence with your voice could be disastrous. Two-way conversations centered around asking powerful questions create deeper, mutually trusting connections between colleagues and pave the way for more cooperative and engaged cultures. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】    Managers often dominate conversations, limiting team trust and employees’ skill development. To boost two-way communication, they should ask questions instead of telling in order to encourage independent thinking, use “what” rather than “why” to avoid sounding critical, and resist interrupting to create thinking space. These changes encourage trust and a better team culture. (53 words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了管理者主导对话会带来诸多弊端，同时提出了促进高效双向交流的有效策略，以构建互信协作的团队文化。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ① Too often, managers stifle conversation without realizing it — taking over meetings and jumping in with their own solutions.     ② This habit creates a disconnect and restricts employees’ development of initiative, creativity and problem-solving skills.     ③ Rather than giving directions, leaders can benefit from shifting toward inquiry.     ④ To create a psychologically safe space, replace “why-based” questions with “what-based” ones.     ⑤ Learning when to hold back is equally important. Resisting the impulse to interrupt gives others space to think.     ⑥ Two-way conversations create deeper, mutually trusting connections and pave the way for more cooperative and engaged cultures. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2点整合为问题描述，第3、4、5点整合为三种具体策略，第6点作为结果和总结。 3.遣词造句 Managers often dominate conversations, limiting team trust and employees’ skill development. To boost two-way communication, managers should ask questions instead of telling in order to encourage independent thinking, use “what” rather than “why” to avoid sounding critical, and resist interrupting to create thinking space. These changes encourage trust and a better team culture. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Managers often dominate conversations, limiting team trust and employees’ skill development.(运用了现在分词“limiting team trust and employees’ skill development”作结果状语) 【高分句型2】To boost two-way communication, they should ask questions instead of telling in order to encourage independent thinking, use “what” rather than “why” to avoid sounding critical, and resist interrupting to create thinking space.(运用了不定式“To boost two-way communication”作目的状语) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $