专题 04 阅读理解（说明文）（期末复习专项训练）高一英语下学期外研版

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文阅读理解，涵盖科技、自然、文化等主题，通过期末真题训练系统提升信息获取与逻辑推理能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |科学技术|2篇|细节理解、观点态度|以AI伦理、脑机接口为载体，考查技术影响与文本论证逻辑| |科普知识|3篇|主旨归纳、词义猜测|围绕海洋迁徙、昆虫减少、蝾螈保护，构建自然现象与科学研究的关联| |文化与社会|7篇|推理判断、信息整合|涵盖遗产语言、清洁能源等，融合跨文化理解与社会议题分析，培养批判性思维|

专题 04 阅读理解（说明文）（期末复习专项训练） 科学技术 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山东济南·期末）Artificial intelligence (AI) is putting itself into our daily lives, from the moment we unlock our phones with facial recognition to the recommendations that guide our music playlists or online shopping. Understanding how this powerful technology will change our daily activities and experiences is significant. But that isn’t the whole picture. We also need to pay close attention to how we build and shape AI itself, and what that process shows us about ourselves. Every AI system we create functions as a mirror, clearly reflecting our values and views. Consider hiring algorithms (算法). In 2018, a large USA firm gave up an AI-powered hiring tool after discovering it was one-sided against female applicants. The AI wasn’t programmed to differentiate, but it was trained on historical hiring data that favored men, and it learned to reproduce these models. The use of AI systems in the police area, healthcare, and education reveals similar patterns. In all these cases, AI isn’t creating new unfair opinions. Instead, it is reflecting existing ones. As long as AI is trained on human data, it will reflect human behavior. That means we have to think carefully about the traces of ourselves we leave in the world. I may claim to value privacy, but if I give it up in a heartbeat to access a website, the algorithms may make a very different judgement of what I really want and what is good for me. If I claim to want meaningful human connections yet spend more time on social media and less time in the physical company of my friends, I am training AI models about the true nature of humanity. AI not only reveals problems within the systems, but also clearly shows people’s inner struggles. As AI grows stronger, we must try harder to make sure our actions follow our principles. As we continue to integrate (融合) AI into our lives, we must recognize that these systems don’t just predict our behavior; they reflect our character. Reflecting on that reflection allows us to make better, more principled choices, but only if we’re willing to look closely and take responsibility for what we see. 1．What does “the whole picture” mean in Paragraph 1? A．The process of building and shaping AI. B．The takeover of AI in our everyday life. C．The dilemma of AI in decision-making. D．The interplay between AI and humans. 2．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning hiring algorithms? A．To support an argument. B．To state a phenomenon. C．To showcase a practice. D．To oppose an opinion. 3．What does the author advise us to do? A．Hide emotional struggles. B．Delete historical database. C．Suit the action to the word. D．Avoid AI in sensitive areas. 4．What does the underlined part “that reflection” in the last paragraph refer to? A．AI melts into our lives. B．AI mirrors our mindset. C．We make wise choices. D．We remain responsible. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·海南·期末）Scientific company Neuralink announced that a third person has had a special electronic device (装置) directly connected to his brain. The person received an implant (植入体) from the company Neuralink, which produces devices that link the human brain to computers. Neuralink is one of many companies working to connect the human nervous system to machines. An expert of the company said, “We’ve got… three humans with Neuralinks and all are working well.” Neuralink announced its first brain implant one year ago. Recently, the company has improved its devices. Neuralink hopes to implant the experimental devices in 20 to 30 more people this year. The first patient, paralyzed (瘫痪) after a spinal cord injury, said it helped him play video games and chess. The second patient suffered a similar injury and got the implant last summer. The person can now play video games with the help of the device and is learning how to use design software. Many other companies and research groups are working on similar projects. Two studies published last year described how brain-computer interfaces (接口), known as BCIs, helped people with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) communicate better. ALS is a nervous system disease that affects cells in the brain and the spinal cord. There have been published results from 28 trials worldwide of BCIs over the past 25 years. Neuralink might be different from the others in two ways. First, the operation to implant the device is the first to use a robot to fix flexible electrical connectors into a human brain to record brain signals and to control devices. Second, those connectors might record from more parts of the brain than interfaces from other research. Marco Baptista is chief scientific officer of the Christopher Dana Reeve Foundation. He called BCI technology “very exciting” with possible benefits to people with paralysis. Neuralink announced in 2023 that it had received permission from U. S. officials to begin testing its device in people. 1．Why does the author mention two patients playing video games? A．To compare two brain injury cases. B．To show the technology works well. C．To explain the fixing process of the device. D．To stress the benefit of playing video games. 2．What makes Neuralink different from its competitors? A．It focuses on treatments for ALS patients. B．It specializes in spinal cord injury recovery. C．It owns more technological advantages. D．It is funded by the government. 3．What is Marco Baptista’s attitude towards BCI technology? A．Mixed. B．Uncaring. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The impacts of BCI technology on human health. B．How Neuralink works with other companies on BCI research. C．The challenges faced by Neuralink in developing BCI technology. D．The unique features and development of Neuralink’s BCI technology. 科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山东济南·期末） Many marine species (海洋物种) depend on specific routes to migrate (迁徙). The routes offer these seafaring travellers the right conditions, at the right time of year, to guide them through the oceans. We humans try to discover the routes and have drawn our own lines, but they are not clear to us because of unexpected changes in nature. To find out the routes that migratory marine species regularly take, a research team of scientists in Australia and the US have now created an interactive map that shows the paths connecting ocean habitats (栖息地). The new map, named the Migratory Connectivity in the Ocean (MiCO), collects data and makes it easier for scientists to see where migratory marine species may be falling into the paths. The database (数据库) includes information on 109 species, based on around 30 years of data, and shows where they are going to and from — including which species cross into whose national waters. “MiCO connects almost 2,000 important habitats and shows the importance of cross-boundary teamwork,” says the research team. They find that all of the species recorded in MiCO have less protection at some point in their life history because of different situations in different countries. That means no country is able to fully protect migratory species if there is no help from others. “For example, green turtles nest in Costa Rica and migrate north through Nicaragua and out to islands in the Caribbean,” the team says. “Although largely protected in Costa Rica, it is allowed to fish for turtles in Nicaragua and huge numbers are lost off the coast there every year.” MiCO works to provide useful knowledge on migratory connectivity to help protect marine species. In 2023, a UN report found climate (气候) changes are having bad influence on migratory species. MiCO catches the information from different time periods and the team hopes it may be used to tell those changes in connectivity. MiCO is also expected to collect information on more migratory marine species because there is less than one-third of data collected now. “So far, the migratory information revealed within the MiCO system only touches the surface of the true connectivity of the global oceans,” the team says. 1．How does the writer lead in the topic? A．By offering advice. B．By presenting study results. C．By expressing opinions. D．By giving background information. 2．What is MiCO? A．A map that humans draw to look for marine species. B．A route which guides marine species through the oceans. C．A database that shows the lines marine species migrate along. D．A system which scientists use for researches on temperature changes. 3．Why does the writer take the example of green turtles? A．To prove the harm in fishing for migratory species. B．To show the importance of cross-country teamwork. C．To share the methods of marine species protection. D．To explain the reason for marine species to migrate. 4．Which of the following can be the data MiCO collects? A．Over 10 laws are made on marine species protection. B．There are mainly 3 elephant species living on the earth. C．Leatherback turtles travel about 20,000 km from Indonesia to Oregon. D．Thousands of people visit the whale shark habitat in South Africa every year. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·山东青岛·期末）Anyone with even a passing interest in the natural world will have noticed a dramatic phenomenon this year: a lack of insects. Perhaps most noticeable is the near-absence of butterflies. Species that are usually common are in many places down to the point of having almost disappeared. There are several probable reasons for this sudden reduction compared with typical summers. The weather has not helped, with a cool and wet spring across much of the country affecting insect numbers. But even with that factored in, this year’s sudden drop comes after many years of going down little by little. Dave Goulson, one of the UK’s leading entomologists (昆虫学家), says that insect populations compared with a century ago are 90% to 95% down. That was not caused by one wet spring: it is the result of a combination of factors that include the rise of ever more intensive farming, destruction of animals’ living environment and the impacts of climate breakdown. Aside from the disheartening silence and stillness of gardens, woods and grasslands, there are more practical implications. For example, many of our crop plants-including tomatoes, apples and strawberries-depend on wild insects to pollinate (授粉) them. Insects are also the food source of many birds that are also in decrease. The present position will hopefully last for a short time but is nonetheless a wake-up call about the degree of losses that have taken place in recent decades. One thing that we can all do to help is to get out and gather more information. This weekend the annual Big Butterfly Count gets under way, helping people survey their local area as part of a necessary national counting exercise — a fantastic example of citizen science in action. Nature is not just a nice thing to have: it is important for our national health, wealth and safety. Our butterflies and other insects are telling us something rather important. 1．What can we learn about this year’s butterflies? A．Their numbers suffer a sharp drop. B．Their species are rich and varied. C．They can be found in many places. D．Their migration habits have changed. 2．Why is Dave Goulson mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To suggest solutions to farming issues. B．To show insect numbers a century ago. C．To explain the impact of the cool wet spring. D．To offer evidence for a long-term phenomenon. 3．What does the underlined word “implications” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Effects. B．Advantages. C．Features. D．Opportunities. 4．What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph? A．Appreciate butterflies’ beauty. B．Wait for short-term recovery. C．Join in citizen science activities. D．Study insect losses professionally. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·陕西渭南·期末）Axolotls (蝾螈) — the cute and charming creatures made famous by the video game “Minecraft” — are in a free fall. Pollution, modern farming, and the introduction of invasive (入侵的) fish that hunt and eat the endangered species have reduced their habitat to the waterways of a single lake in Mexico. But a new study is offering a flash of hope: axolotls raised by people can survive in the wild, Justine McDaniel reported for The Washington Post. “This is a huge step because in conservation programs when you have animals raised by people and you take them back to the wild... there are a lot of deaths,” Alejandra Ramos, the study’s lead author said. Axolotls have long been bred in labs and are popular pets, but increasing their numbers in the wild has proven to be a much greater challenge. The study stuck radio transmitters onto 18 axolotls that would allow them to be tracked, then set free eight into Mexico City’s Lake Xochimilco and 10 into a man-made wetland. At least twice a day for 40 days, researchers visited both sites to collect data. The researchers found that the axolotls introduced to a man-made pond also endured, a promising finding for the potential of artificial wetlands to aid axolotl conservation, the study authors said. That finding matters if their habitat doesn’t recover or if climate change worsens, Esther Quintero, a Conservation International-Mexico biologist said. Conservation International is supporting a project in Lake Xochimilco to bring back the axolotl’s natural habitat by returning to ancestral farming practices. By supporting farmers’ change to pesticide-free farming and helping put in biofilters (生物过滤器) to clean the water, the project aims to restore these waters so axolotls can live well in the future. “Saving the axolotl goes beyond liking this creature that is really lovely,” Quintero said. “There is no future for any species without its habitat.” 1．What may prevent Axolotls from going extinct according to the study? A．Hunting invasive fish B．Monitoring their life. C．A ban on hunting them. D．Feeding under human care. 2．What`s Alejandra Ramos’ attitude to the finding? A．Negative. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Unconcerned. 3．What does the underlined word “endured” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Survived. B．Escaped. C．Approached. D．Responded. 4．What’s the suitable title of the text? A．Axolotls: Target of Researchers B．Foreign Species: Threat to Axolotls C．Being Raised: Axolotls’ New Hope D．Habitat: Axolotls’ Surviving Key Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山东淄博·期末）A heritage language is a language that isn’t the “most powerful” language of an area, but is still learned by children in their homes (thus, it’s their heritage). Any language can be a heritage language, depending on the surrounding social context. English, for example, is often a primary language, but could technically be a heritage language if someone’s English-speaking parents moved from, say, the United Kingdom to Japan Heritage languages can be someone’s native language, but the two terms aren’t interchangeable. A native language is the language or languages a person learns when they’re very young while heritage languages can be determined by a broad range of social and cultural factors. Usually, people speak their native language very well. Someone’s abilities in their heritage language can vary quite a bit, however. Some people may master it well because they learned it a lot when they were children, while others may speak it but not read it, and still others may struggle with speaking it at all. The United States has over 56 million Spanish speakers, and a large part of those are heritage learners of the language. A research found that the percentage of people who report speaking Spanish “well” drops from 91 to 82 for first-and second-generation immigrants (移民). While that might seem small, it gets much more obvious after that, with third-and fourth-generation immigrants dropping to 47 percent. There are a couple of reasons why heritage languages — and Spanish in particular — tends to drop off from generation to generation. The first one is that the heritage language is less important to get around in society. When a person needs the majority language to go to school, get a job and interact with most people around them, it’s not surprising that the heritage language might seem less important. Another reason is some parents encourage their children not to use their heritage language. It’s unfortunate but true that speaking another language is still a cause for discrimination (歧视) today. Heritage languages may have a hard time lasting from generation to generation, but it’s not only a story of decline (衰弱). There are countless people in the world who go out of their way to learn their heritage languages — some learn the heritage language later in life — and help others to do the same. If you’ve ever thought about reconnecting with a heritage language, it’s never too late to get started. There’s no time like the present. 1．How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A．By mentioning an expert. B．By explaining a term (术语). C．By describing a scene. D．By providing figures. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The importance of learning heritage languages when little. B．The variations in people’s abilities to speak heritage languages. C．The differences between heritage languages and native languages. D．The similarities between the broad range of social and cultural factors. 3．What is one reason for the drop of Heritage languages in the US? A．Appearance discrimination B．Generation gap. C．Varying cultures. D．Losing popularity. 4．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．Parents play a key role in protecting heritage languages. B．Heritage languages’ difficult time will end in the near future. C．Efforts have been made towards the heritage languages’ survival. D．Some people consider it too late to bring heritage languages back to life. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·海南海口·期末）China has launched a clean energy system at its Qinling Station in Antarctica, designed for the harsh polar environment. This makes China the first country to successfully operate a large-scale clean energy system in such extreme conditions. Sun Hongbin, lead scientist, explains that this project is a significant step in China’s efforts towards green scientific exploration in polar energy. It shows how China’s polar research has moved from using diesel fuel to using green energy. The energy system mostly relies on solar and wind power, which together make up 60% of its energy. When there is no wind or sunlight, stored hydrogen can provide power, ensuring that research needs and basic living needs are met. The construction of this energy system began in 2023. Many of the required tools and facilities needed special research and adjustments for the extreme environment, so Taiyuan University of Technology set up a digital twin laboratory to simulate Antarctic conditions. This lab can recreate nearly 10 extreme scenarios (场景), such as severe cold, strong winds, and harsh weather. The lab’s goal is to tackle the challenges of research, testing, and operations. Sun noted that once the equipment is sent to Antarctica, it can’t be easily replaced if something goes wrong. Therefore, new energy devices were tested in the lab before being shipped to Antarctica, and the lab now receives and analyzes real-time data from the station. Dou Yinke, a leading expert from Taiyuan University of Technology, states that China is the first to use hydrogen energy on a large scale in Antarctica. Currently, 80 to 90% of research stations in Antarctica still depend on fuel-powered electricity, which causes significant pollution. Antarctica has great potential for wind and solar energy. However, the extreme conditions and shortage of technologies make it tough for solar and wind power generation equipment to maintain stable and efficient operation. Last year, Taiyuan University led the creation of a “Twelve-Year Development Outline for Clean Energy Utilization Technologies in Antarctica,” aiming to set up a complete clean energy system for research stations by 2035. 1．What is a key advantage of Qinling Station’s clean energy system? A．It gets rid of the need for any form of energy storage. B．It has been widely used in many research stations in Antarctica. C．It has no environmental impact on the surrounding environment. D．It is the first large-scale clean energy system to operate in Antarctica 2．Why did Taiyuan University of Technology establish a digital twin laboratory? A．To create new research equipment. B．To design a new type of diesel fuel. C．To forecast weather patterns in Antarctica. D．To simulate Antarctic conditions for testing. 3．What is the problem mentioned in paragraph 4? A．The reliance on fuel-powered electricity. B．The lack of research stations in Antarctica. C．The high cost of installing clean energy systems. D．The harsh conditions affecting research activities. 4．What is the main goal of the Outline in the last paragraph? A．To increase the use of diesel fuel. B．To remove all research stations in Antarctica. C．To replace solar and wind energy with fossil fuel sources. D．To establish a complete clean energy system for Antarctica. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·陕西西安·期末）The pleasure people get from a piece of music has been linked to its effects on our emotional responses and ability to form social connections. The degree of enjoyment differs from person to person, but little is known about why. To see if genetics (遗传学) can account for it, Giacomo Bignardi at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in the Netherlands and his colleagues conducted a new study. The researchers looked at more than 9,000 twins from the Swedish Twin Registry. About 3,400 were identical (同卵的) and 5,600 non-identical. The former share the same genome (基因组), while non-identical twins share only half their genomes, which enabled the researchers to determine the effects of genes through comparison. Besides, all the twins in the study were raised in the same households and so grew up with similar environmental influences. This made it easier to sort out genetic contributions. The researchers got the twins to complete the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire, which focused on how much pleasure they get from music. For example, they were asked the extent to which they agreed with statements such as “when I share music with someone I feel a special connection with that person” and “in my free time I hardly listen to music”. The result showed that genes seem to play a significant role in influencing how much pleasure music brings, with the identical twins being more than twice as similar in this feature as the non-identical ones. “While it’s fairly understandable that musical ability might have a genetic basis, which provides an easy explanation for why some people seem to have a talent for music, it’s obscure that the degree of pleasure from listening to music is influenced by genes, so it is inspiring that the study finds this effect,” says Peter Harrison at the University of Cambridge. However, Nick Collins at Durham University, UK thinks differently. “Certain musical abilities and preferences may be influenced by genetics, but there are a large number of cultural elements in music development that are not addressed by genetics alone,” he says. 1．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．How twins contribute to the progress of genetic research. B．Why the researchers chose the twins as research subjects. C．What makes the new study different from previous ones. D．What inspired the researchers to conduct the new study. 2．What is the finding of the new study? A．The secret of musical talent lies in our genes. B．Our genes determine what kind of music we like. C．Our genes can influence how much we enjoy music. D．The pleasure that different people get from music varies greatly. 3．Which can best replace the underlined word “obscure” in paragraph 4? A．easy to conclude. B．reasonable to assume. C．impossible to prove. D．difficult to see. 4．What is Nick Collins’ attitude towards the research finding? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Supportive. D．Unconcerned. Passage 4 （24-25高一下·陕西咸阳·期末）Cuckoos (杜鹃) are a well-known and much-loved species in the UK. They are a call of summer, travelling all the way from their wintering ground in Africa to breed on islands in the UK. Unfortunately, cuckoos are facing a dramatic decline in the UK. Since 1995, their breeding population has decreased by 35%. Why this decline is occurring is something researchers at the British Trust for Ornithology (鸟类学) are trying to find out, and they are using some high-tech equipment to do so. Researchers have been attaching satellite tags (标签) to cuckoos, which transmit real-time location data. This data reveals how long cuckoo s spend in the UK, when they leave, and which migration routes they take between the UK and Africa. The hope is that this data will give scientists a detailed understanding of cuckoo migration, the threats they face along the way, and the conservation measures that could be adopted to improve their chances of survival. The tags have already revealed many insights into cuckoo migration. It’s hoped that as data keeps coming in, scientists will better understand the factors that influence whether cuckoo s survive their migration, and therefore the best ways to help protect the species. It’s not just the scientists who have been eagerly tracking the tagged birds, though. The tags provide live location data which is published on an online map. Members of the public can therefore watch the cuckoos’ incredible journeys, too, and if you click on the individuals on the map, you can find out more about each bird. “This ongoing project opens a significant window on the wonders of migration, and our discoveries are helping to shape the way we look at bird migration more widely,” says lead scientist on the project, Dr. Chris Hewson. “It will also lay a foundation (基础) from which cuckoo conservation measures can be planned , increasing the likelihood that the call of these birds will grace our summers for generations to come.” 1．What are researchers at the British Trust for Ornithology trying to find out? A．Why there are fewer and fewer cuckoos. B．What happened to cuckoos’ habitat. C．How to make an online map for Africa. D．Where to look for new species. 2．How can the public take part in the cuckoo tracking project according to the passage? A．By contributing funds to the research. B．By participating in bird watching tours. C．By observing the birds in their natural habitat. D．By following the live location data online. 3．What does Dr. Chris Hewson think of the project? A．It inspires the public’s passion for technology. B．It shows the exact population of cuckoos in the UK. C．It lays a foundation for the species’ conservation. D．It will help cuckoo s choose a safer migration route. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Cuckoos’ Migration Routes B．Tracking Cuckoos’ Journeys C．Decline of New Species in the UK D．Conservation Measures for Birds Passage 5 （24-25高一下·陕西咸阳·期末）The European Space Agency (ESA) recently started a new project — Proba-3. In the project, two satellites were sent into space to perform tasks that include simulating a total solar eclipse (日食). The two satellites are set to separate and fly 150 meters apart in about a month when they reach their target area high above the Earth. The ESA explains the project is designed to examine how well the two satellites can travel together in a fixed position while maintaining their effective flight performance. In one experiment, the two satellites will carry out a series of virtual total solar eclipses. One satellite will block the sun to produce a shadow (阴影), allowing the other to observe solar activity. The goal of this operation is to give scientists the chance to study the sun’s outside atmosphere, known as the corona (日冕). The corona is difficult to observe because of the brightness of the sun. Scientists have repeatedly tried to study this part of the sun from observations on the Earth during real total solar eclipses. But those eclipses do not happen often and usually only last up to five minutes. The ESA plans to carry out total eclipses at least twice a week, with each lasting up to six hours .Scientists are especially happy about that as repeated studies of the corona can help provide new information about how solar activity influences the Earth. The ESA said in a statement, “Proba-3 is very different because our satellites will be flying just one and a half football fields away from each other during the active flying.” Proba-3 will aim for at least 1,000 hours of “on demand” flight during its two-year operation. Once the task is completed, both satellite s will continually drop lower until they burn up in the atmosphere. Officials said that would likely happen within five years. The ESA has said other circling flights of Proba-3, besides the eclipse experiments, will be carried out to test a series of exact formation flying to help support future tasks. 1．What does the underlined word “simulating” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Lacking. B．Lecturing. C．Creating. D．Electing. 2．What does Paragraph 3 focus on? A．Some experiments to test the two satellites. B．The best position to observe the corona. C．Why scientists observe solar activities. D．How the two satellites will finish an experiment. 3．What does the passage say about real total solar eclipses? A．They occur in certain regions. B．They leave limited time for observing the corona. C．They require advanced technology to discover. D．They are caused by satellites blocking the sun. 4．What will happen to the two satellites at last according to the passage? A．They will burn up. B．They will be improved. C．They will perform other tasks. D．They will stay in the space station. Passage 6 （24-25高一下·四川泸州·期末）According to official government figures, there are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia, and many Australians consider them dangerous. It is reported that kangaroos are involved in more than 80 percent of the 20,000 vehicle-animal accidents each year. In the country’s under-populated region, the common belief is that kangaroo numbers have rocketed to “pandemic (大规模流行的) percentage”. It is believed that killing kangaroos is critical to boosting the economy. Meat, skins and leather from kangaroos have been sold to 56 countries. Global brands such as Nike, Puma and Adidas buy strong, soft “k-leather” to make athletic products. And kangaroo meat is finding its way into more and more grocery stores. Advocates point out that low-fat, high-protein kangaroo meat is more environmentally friendly than greenhouse gas-releasing sheep and cattle. John Kelly, former executive director of the Kangaroo Industry Association of Australia, says, “Harvesting our food from animals adapted to Australia’s environment is extremely wise and sustainable. Many ecologists will tell you that there is no more humane way of producing red meat.” Opponents of the industry call the killing inhumane, unsustainable and unnecessary. Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking in this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country? I don’t understand the logic in that.” Can Australians’ disagreement on kangaroos be solved? George Wilson, a professor from Australian National University, says that if kangaroos were privately owned, then graziers (放牧人) would protect the animals, treating them as possessions (财产). They could feed them, lease them, breed them and charge hunters a fee for access. “If you want to protect something,” Wilson says, “you have to give it a value. Animals that are considered dangerous don’t have value.” If kangaroos were more valuable than cattle or sheep, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation. 1．What do we know from the article? A．Kangaroos are to blame for most accidents. B．Global brands make small profits on kangaroos. C．Kangaroos are relatively friendly to the environment. D．Over-populated kangaroos are doing great harm to the country’s economy. 2．Why does Dwayne Bannon disagree to kill kangaroos? A．Because it is laughable. B．Because it is destroying the country. C．Because they have existed on Earth longer than man. D．Because they live in harmony with people. 3．Which of the following might be the benefit of privatization (私有化)? A．The popularity of kangaroo hunting. B．The reduction in the number of kangaroos. C．The establishment of more conservation areas. D．The better management of the kangaroo industry. 4．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To argue against the killing of kangaroos. B．To provide a solution to the problem caused by kangaroos. C．To present different opinions on the kangaroo industry. D．To stress the importance of protecting kangaroos. Passage 7 （24-25高一下·内蒙古赤峰·期末）Dr. Llyr is a computer scientist but draws his inspiration from the natural sciences. His latest app is called Ocean Rift and it is the latest in a long line of animations (动画) influenced by science. Disney animators were encouraged to visit zoos or even bring animals into the studio to help make their animations more lifelike. But Llyr believes his app takes realism to a new level. “It’s about making virtual life,” he explains. “For example, in Ocean Rift the animals are not animated like in a Disney movie — it actually swims, it waves its tail, opens its mouth and closes its eyes.” Modelling animal was no easy task. Small animals like fish swim past you, but larger ones such as dolphins look at you and you can see their eyes move around. For Llyr, the dolphin is the most challenging animal to recreate because when you enter their habitat, they swim right up to you. He says, “you feel like they are breaking in your personal space as they are more than your arm’s width close to you. What happens then? Do they stay back? How often do they come up to you? It depends on how friendly it is.” The mobile edition also presented a challenge. “I am used to working with £2,000 — £3,000 machines,” he explains. “Smartphones are tiny computers, and of course you can’t put a fan on one.” Without the processing power and cooling systems of powerful desktop computers, the app needed improvement to make a mobile edition possible. Nowadays, Llyr is already working on the next edition. “It is divided into habitats, the dolphin habitat, whale one and so on and I will be adding more habitats.” And because he has done the hard work of making it work on a smartphone, when he transfers (传输) it back for bigger devices (设备) it can be more detailed. “It means I can have tens of thousands of fish all swimming around on the computer or on a PlayStation or whatever.” 1．How is the animation in Ocean Rift influenced by science? A．By visiting zoos for lifelike effects. B．By bringing animals into the studio. C．By using advanced methods to model real animals. D．By copying the animal behaviors from Disney films. 2．Why is it difficult to model dolphin according to Llyr? A．They are unfriendly with people. B．They move unpredictably. C．They like breaking into your place. D．They are too big to observe. 3．What does Llyr try to explain by mentioning “you can’t put a fan”? A．The limitation of the app for smartphones. B．The danger of overheating problems. C．The need for fans in smartphone. D．The power of cooling system. 4．What can we learn about Llyr’s next edition? A．It will apply new techniques. B．It will show more details. C．It will include more dolphins. D．It will work in rail station. Passage 8 （24-25高一下·内蒙古通辽·期末）Destructive earthquakes rock the world from time to time. Nothing can be done to prevent them from striking. The best way to ease these future disasters is to draw maps of the underworld, recording every fault (断层) and tracking its behavior. To create those maps, researchers employ machines that sense and record all sorts of vibrations (震动). This work, historically, has sometimes been inaccurate. When Zachary Ross, an assistant geophysics professor, started in the field in the early 2010s, he tried to find a new way forward. “Even the best computer programs at the time missed certain earthquakes. There had to be a better way,” he says. He made the study in California which is so geologically active and there were more data than human experts alone could reasonably handle. In 2017 Ross started to focus on tiny quakes. They might be harmless, but that doesn’t make them unimportant — their waves can explain each fault they pass through, including the more precarious, stress­loaded ones that may one day crack and set off a disaster. Ross and his colleagues set an algorithm (算法) upon the seismic (地震的) record. The algorithm quickly identified nearly two million previously hidden tiny quakes. However, his program could only find earthquakes in the seismic record that it was taught to recognize. So Ross turned to more advanced tools: self­learning programs, software that could make predictions about the future — in this case, what a greatly wider variety of earthquakes might sound like. Very quickly, these programs found all sorts of unfamiliar-sounding quakes — later confirmed by human scientists. These AI learning programs can also be used to improve the speed and accuracy (精确度) of earthquake early­warning systems — largely autonomous (自主的) programs that forecast threats to life and property in the moments after an earthquake starts and send people emergency text messages before seismic waves reach them. But for all their promise, AI programs won’t replace human scientists. “They’re just tools,” Ross says — ones that in time, he believes, will become as ordinary as seismometers (地震仪) themselves. 1．What inspired Ross to carry out the new study? A．The massive amounts of data available. B．The geographical location of California. C．The limitation of the traditional method. D．The breakdown of the computer programs. 2．What does the underlined word “precarious” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Unusual. B．Unstable. C．Inaccessible. D．Informal. 3．What is the advantage of self­learning programs over Ross’ algorithm? A．They forecast new earthquakes. B．They help restore hidden faults. C．They rely on previous information. D．They use the best computer programs. 4．What do we know about the AI programs from the last paragraph? A．They will replace seismometers. B．They serve as an efficiency booster. C．They reduce the threats to life and property. D．They prevented seismic waves from reaching people. Passage 9 （24-25高一下·内蒙古包头·期末）Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. Many forms of cancers could be cured if discovered early and treated properly. But identifying it is quite an effort. Now a new study may offer an approach. Researchers in France recently found that insects, including ants, have a powerful sense of smell and can quickly learn to find out cancerous cells (细胞). The researchers experimented with 36 ants of the species Formica fusca. They first trained the ants by placing a sugar solution near the cancerous cells. Half of the ants were taught to recognize one type of cancer, and the rest were taught another. Then the ants were put near the healthy cells and the cancerous cells. It turned out that when the sugar solution was taken away, the ants could still find out the cancerous cells. In the test, the ants moved towards the cancerous cells they learned to discover, even if they had to choose between different cancer varieties. This isn’t the first time that animals’ sense of smell has been used to identify cancerous cells. Earlier studies have suggested that dogs are good at smelling out cancerous cells. “Ants equal dogs in terms of smelling abilities,” the researchers wrote. “In some regards, ants are better than dogs because they can learn extremely fast — less than 30 minutes for most ants — with a low-cost method that can be achieved by anyone after a couple of days of training, while training a dog to properly smell out cancerous cells requires several months to a year and it also costs much.” More clinical (临床的) tests must be carried out before they could be used in clinical settings like hospitals. The researchers’ next step will be to further study whether ants could make themselves useful in other real-world situations where dogs are now used. They believe that the method could possibly be adapted to other challenging tasks. 1．What can we learn about the ants in the experiment? A．They were used for curing cancer. B．They fed mainly on cancerous cells. C．They preferred healthy cells to cancerous cells. D．They could tell different cancerous cell varieties apart. 2．How are ants better than dogs according to the researchers? A．Ants have a stronger sense of smell. B．Ants have more correct results. C．Ants are much more cost-effective. D．Ants can be used for longer periods. 3．What will the researchers do next? A．Explore other possible uses of ants. B．Experiment with other species of ants. C．Use ants instead of dogs in real-world situations. D．Promote the use of ants in hospitals around the world. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Ants can identify cancerous cells. B．Cancer is a leading cause of death. C．Cancer can be cured sooner or later. D．Ants and dogs have good smelling abilities. Passage 10 （24-25高一下·黑龙江鸡西·期末）Climate change threatens the health of polar bears across the Arctic. A study published in Conservation Physiology introduces a new approach to measuring the health of polar bear populations, inspired by a well-known idea in human medicine: allostatic load, which refers to the wear and tear on the body from long-term stress. Scientists used this idea to create a health score for polar bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea, where the polar bear population has dropped by 25-50%. The model included measures of nutritional (营养的), immune, and long-term stress. Polar bears depend on the sea ice to hunt for food, and ice loss can lead to poorer nutritional condition. In. summer and fall, as the ice moves northward, bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea must decide whether to follow the ice into less productive hunting areas or to come onto land until the ice freezes (结冰) again. Increasingly, bears are coming ashore and eating food left by humans, which increases disease risk. Additionally, being on land means they face more human activity, such as oil and gas work, which adds extra stress. “It’s like carrying a heavy backpack that keeps getting heavier. Soon, it becomes too much to bear,” said Sarah Teman, lead author of the study. “By studying allostatic load, we can understand how much ‘weight’ each bear is carrying, and how that affects populations.” The scientists measured allostatic load through blood and hair samples collected from polar bears. One finding stood out to the team: adult females that spend the summer on land have higher allostatic load than those that remain on the sea ice. This may be driven by onshore food sources that fail to meet their nutritional needs, coupled with immune stress. “This study gives us valuable insights into the factors affecting polar bears and how we can support their survival in a changing Arctic,” said Kristin Laidre, co-author of the study. 1．What has happened to the polar bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea according to the text? A．Their nutritional condition has improved. B．Their populations have seen a notable fall. C．They have been hunted and killed by humans. D．They have been forced to hunt alone in winter. 2．What can be learned about the sea ice from paragraph 3? A．It is increasing disease risk. B．It is subject to the wild animals. C．It is getting bigger in summer. D．It is key to polar bears’ survival. 3．What did Laidre try to explain about the research? A．Its process. B．Its method. C．Its background. D．Its significance. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The long-term stress polar bears face. B．The productive hunting area in the Arctic. C．A new way to check polar bears’ health. D．An approach to addressing climate change. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题 04 阅读理解（说明文）（期末复习专项训练） 科学技术 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山东济南·期末）Artificial intelligence (AI) is putting itself into our daily lives, from the moment we unlock our phones with facial recognition to the recommendations that guide our music playlists or online shopping. Understanding how this powerful technology will change our daily activities and experiences is significant. But that isn’t the whole picture. We also need to pay close attention to how we build and shape AI itself, and what that process shows us about ourselves. Every AI system we create functions as a mirror, clearly reflecting our values and views. Consider hiring algorithms (算法). In 2018, a large USA firm gave up an AI-powered hiring tool after discovering it was one-sided against female applicants. The AI wasn’t programmed to differentiate, but it was trained on historical hiring data that favored men, and it learned to reproduce these models. The use of AI systems in the police area, healthcare, and education reveals similar patterns. In all these cases, AI isn’t creating new unfair opinions. Instead, it is reflecting existing ones. As long as AI is trained on human data, it will reflect human behavior. That means we have to think carefully about the traces of ourselves we leave in the world. I may claim to value privacy, but if I give it up in a heartbeat to access a website, the algorithms may make a very different judgement of what I really want and what is good for me. If I claim to want meaningful human connections yet spend more time on social media and less time in the physical company of my friends, I am training AI models about the true nature of humanity. AI not only reveals problems within the systems, but also clearly shows people’s inner struggles. As AI grows stronger, we must try harder to make sure our actions follow our principles. As we continue to integrate (融合) AI into our lives, we must recognize that these systems don’t just predict our behavior; they reflect our character. Reflecting on that reflection allows us to make better, more principled choices, but only if we’re willing to look closely and take responsibility for what we see. 1．What does “the whole picture” mean in Paragraph 1? A．The process of building and shaping AI. B．The takeover of AI in our everyday life. C．The dilemma of AI in decision-making. D．The interplay between AI and humans. 2．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning hiring algorithms? A．To support an argument. B．To state a phenomenon. C．To showcase a practice. D．To oppose an opinion. 3．What does the author advise us to do? A．Hide emotional struggles. B．Delete historical database. C．Suit the action to the word. D．Avoid AI in sensitive areas. 4．What does the underlined part “that reflection” in the last paragraph refer to? A．AI melts into our lives. B．AI mirrors our mindset. C．We make wise choices. D．We remain responsible. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人工智能不仅融入日常生活，还反映人类价值观，提醒人们言行一致。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Understanding how this powerful technology will change our daily activities and experiences is significant. But that isn’t the whole picture. We also need to pay close attention to how we build and shape AI itself, and what that process shows us about ourselves.(理解这项强大的技术将如何改变我们的日常活动和体验是很重要的。但这并不是the whole picture。我们还需要密切关注我们如何构建和塑造人工智能本身，以及这一过程向我们展示了什么关于我们自己的信息)”可知，“the whole picture”指的是人工智能与人类之间的相互作用，即人工智能如何影响人类以及人类如何塑造人工智能。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Every AI system we create functions as a mirror, clearly reflecting our values and views. Consider hiring algorithms (算法).(我们创造的每一个AI系统都像一面镜子，清晰地反映着我们的价值观和观点。以招聘算法为例)”可推知，作者提到招聘算法是为了支持其关于人工智能反映人类价值观和观点的论点。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“As AI grows stronger, we must try harder to make sure our actions follow our principles.(随着人工智能变得越来越强大，我们必须更加努力地确保我们的行动遵循我们的原则)”可Yui知，作者建议我们言行一致，确保行动符合原则。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“As we continue to integrate (融合) AI into our lives, we must recognize that these systems don’t just predict our behavior; they reflect our character. Reflecting on that reflection allows us to make better, more principled choices, but only if we’re willing to look closely and take responsibility for what we see.(随着我们继续将人工智能融入生活，我们必须认识到，这些系统不仅仅预测我们的行为；它们还反映了我们的性格。反思that reflection能让我们做出更好、更有原则的选择，但前提是我们愿意仔细观察，并为我们所看到的承担责任)”可知，此处“that reflection”指的是人工智能对我们心态的映射，即人工智能如何反映我们的思想和价值观。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·海南·期末）Scientific company Neuralink announced that a third person has had a special electronic device (装置) directly connected to his brain. The person received an implant (植入体) from the company Neuralink, which produces devices that link the human brain to computers. Neuralink is one of many companies working to connect the human nervous system to machines. An expert of the company said, “We’ve got… three humans with Neuralinks and all are working well.” Neuralink announced its first brain implant one year ago. Recently, the company has improved its devices. Neuralink hopes to implant the experimental devices in 20 to 30 more people this year. The first patient, paralyzed (瘫痪) after a spinal cord injury, said it helped him play video games and chess. The second patient suffered a similar injury and got the implant last summer. The person can now play video games with the help of the device and is learning how to use design software. Many other companies and research groups are working on similar projects. Two studies published last year described how brain-computer interfaces (接口), known as BCIs, helped people with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) communicate better. ALS is a nervous system disease that affects cells in the brain and the spinal cord. There have been published results from 28 trials worldwide of BCIs over the past 25 years. Neuralink might be different from the others in two ways. First, the operation to implant the device is the first to use a robot to fix flexible electrical connectors into a human brain to record brain signals and to control devices. Second, those connectors might record from more parts of the brain than interfaces from other research. Marco Baptista is chief scientific officer of the Christopher Dana Reeve Foundation. He called BCI technology “very exciting” with possible benefits to people with paralysis. Neuralink announced in 2023 that it had received permission from U. S. officials to begin testing its device in people. 1．Why does the author mention two patients playing video games? A．To compare two brain injury cases. B．To show the technology works well. C．To explain the fixing process of the device. D．To stress the benefit of playing video games. 2．What makes Neuralink different from its competitors? A．It focuses on treatments for ALS patients. B．It specializes in spinal cord injury recovery. C．It owns more technological advantages. D．It is funded by the government. 3．What is Marco Baptista’s attitude towards BCI technology? A．Mixed. B．Uncaring. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The impacts of BCI technology on human health. B．How Neuralink works with other companies on BCI research. C．The challenges faced by Neuralink in developing BCI technology. D．The unique features and development of Neuralink’s BCI technology. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述Neuralink 公司已有三人植入脑机接口装置且运行良好，其技术有独特优势，获许可并计划扩大试验，前景受关注。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段“The first patient, paralyzed (瘫痪) after a spinal cord injury, said it helped him play video games and chess. The second patient suffered a similar injury and got the implant last summer. The person can now play video games with the help of the device and is learning how to use design software.(第一位患者因脊髓损伤而瘫痪，他说这有助于他玩电子游戏和下棋。第二位患者也遭受了类似的伤害，并于去年夏天接受了植入手术。该人现在可以在设备的帮助下玩视频游戏，并正在学习如何使用设计软件。)”可知，作者提到两位患者玩电子游戏是为了说明这项技术运行良好。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“Neuralink might be different from the others in two ways. First, the operation to implant the device is the first to use a robot to fix flexible electrical connectors into a human brain to record brain signals and to control devices. Second, those connectors might record from more parts of the brain than interfaces from other research.(Neuralink可能在两个方面与其他产品不同。首先，植入该设备的操作是首次使用机器人将柔性电连接器固定到人脑中，以记录大脑信号并控制设备。其次，这些连接器可能从大脑的更多部位进行记录，而不是从其他研究的接口进行记录。)”可知，Neuralink拥有更多技术优势，使其有别于竞争对手。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段“He called BCI technology ‘very exciting’ with possible benefits to people with paralysis.(他称脑机接口技术‘非常令人兴奋’，可能对瘫痪患者有益。)”可知，Marco Baptista对脑机接口技术持支持态度。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了Neuralink公司的脑机接口技术，包括其已植入三位患者体内、装置运行良好，以及该技术与其他公司相比的独特之处（使用机器人植入、记录大脑更多部位信息）等。因此，本文主要讲述了Neuralink脑机接口技术的独特特点和发展。故选D项。 科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山东济南·期末） Many marine species (海洋物种) depend on specific routes to migrate (迁徙). The routes offer these seafaring travellers the right conditions, at the right time of year, to guide them through the oceans. We humans try to discover the routes and have drawn our own lines, but they are not clear to us because of unexpected changes in nature. To find out the routes that migratory marine species regularly take, a research team of scientists in Australia and the US have now created an interactive map that shows the paths connecting ocean habitats (栖息地). The new map, named the Migratory Connectivity in the Ocean (MiCO), collects data and makes it easier for scientists to see where migratory marine species may be falling into the paths. The database (数据库) includes information on 109 species, based on around 30 years of data, and shows where they are going to and from — including which species cross into whose national waters. “MiCO connects almost 2,000 important habitats and shows the importance of cross-boundary teamwork,” says the research team. They find that all of the species recorded in MiCO have less protection at some point in their life history because of different situations in different countries. That means no country is able to fully protect migratory species if there is no help from others. “For example, green turtles nest in Costa Rica and migrate north through Nicaragua and out to islands in the Caribbean,” the team says. “Although largely protected in Costa Rica, it is allowed to fish for turtles in Nicaragua and huge numbers are lost off the coast there every year.” MiCO works to provide useful knowledge on migratory connectivity to help protect marine species. In 2023, a UN report found climate (气候) changes are having bad influence on migratory species. MiCO catches the information from different time periods and the team hopes it may be used to tell those changes in connectivity. MiCO is also expected to collect information on more migratory marine species because there is less than one-third of data collected now. “So far, the migratory information revealed within the MiCO system only touches the surface of the true connectivity of the global oceans,” the team says. 1．How does the writer lead in the topic? A．By offering advice. B．By presenting study results. C．By expressing opinions. D．By giving background information. 2．What is MiCO? A．A map that humans draw to look for marine species. B．A route which guides marine species through the oceans. C．A database that shows the lines marine species migrate along. D．A system which scientists use for researches on temperature changes. 3．Why does the writer take the example of green turtles? A．To prove the harm in fishing for migratory species. B．To show the importance of cross-country teamwork. C．To share the methods of marine species protection. D．To explain the reason for marine species to migrate. 4．Which of the following can be the data MiCO collects? A．Over 10 laws are made on marine species protection. B．There are mainly 3 elephant species living on the earth. C．Leatherback turtles travel about 20,000 km from Indonesia to Oregon. D．Thousands of people visit the whale shark habitat in South Africa every year. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个名为MiCO的交互式地图系统，该系统用于展示海洋物种迁徙路线，并强调跨国合作对保护迁徙动物的重要性。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Many marine species (海洋物种) depend on specific routes to migrate (迁徙). The routes offer these seafaring travellers the right conditions, at the right time of year, to guide them through the oceans.(许多海洋生物依赖于特定的迁徙路线。这些路线为这些航海旅行者提供了合适的条件，在一年中的合适时间，引导他们穿越海洋。)”和第二段“To find out the routes that migratory marine species regularly take, a research team of scientists in Australia and the US have now created an interactive map that shows the paths connecting ocean habitats (栖息地).(为了找出海洋物种迁徙的常规路线，澳大利亚和美国的一个科学家研究小组制作了一张互动地图，显示了连接海洋栖息地的路径。)”可知，作者通过描述海洋物种依赖特定路线迁徙的背景信息，引出MiCO系统的研究目的。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The new map, named the Migratory Connectivity in the Ocean (MiCO), collects data and makes it easier for scientists to see where migratory marine species may be falling into the paths. The database (数据库) includes information on 109 species, based on around 30 years of data, and shows where they are going to and from — including which species cross into whose national waters.(这张名为‘海洋中的迁徙连通性’（MiCO）的新地图收集了数据，使科学家更容易看到迁徙海洋物种可能落入的路径。该数据库包括基于约30年数据的109个物种的信息，并显示了它们的去向和来源，包括哪些物种进入了哪些国家的水域。)”可知，MiCO是一个展示海洋物种迁徙路线的数据库。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“They find that all of the species recorded in MiCO have less protection at some point in their life history because of different situations in different countries. That means no country is able to fully protect migratory species if there is no help from others.(他们发现，由于不同国家的不同情况，MiCO中记录的所有物种在其生命史的某个阶段都受到的保护较少。这意味着，如果没有其他国家的帮助，任何国家都无法充分保护迁徙物种。)”以及““For example, green turtles nest in Costa Rica and migrate north through Nicaragua and out to islands in the Caribbean,” the team says. “Although largely protected in Costa Rica, it is allowed to fish for turtles in Nicaragua and huge numbers are lost off the coast there every year.”(‘例如，绿海龟在哥斯达黎加筑巢，然后向北迁徙，穿过尼加拉瓜，到达加勒比海的岛屿，’研究小组说。‘尽管哥斯达黎加受到很大程度的保护，但尼加拉瓜允许捕捞海龟，每年都有大量海龟在海岸附近消失。’)”可知，作者通过海龟在不同国家保护差异的案例，说明跨国合作的重要性。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The database (数据库) includes information on 109 species, based on around 30 years of data, and shows where they are going to and from—including which species cross into whose national waters.(该数据库包括基于约30年数据的109个物种的信息，并显示了它们的去向和来源，包括哪些物种进入了哪些国家的水域。)”可知，MiCO收集的数据与海洋物种迁徙路线有关，选项C“棱皮龟从印度尼西亚到俄勒冈州穿行了大约2万公里。”符合这一特征。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·山东青岛·期末）Anyone with even a passing interest in the natural world will have noticed a dramatic phenomenon this year: a lack of insects. Perhaps most noticeable is the near-absence of butterflies. Species that are usually common are in many places down to the point of having almost disappeared. There are several probable reasons for this sudden reduction compared with typical summers. The weather has not helped, with a cool and wet spring across much of the country affecting insect numbers. But even with that factored in, this year’s sudden drop comes after many years of going down little by little. Dave Goulson, one of the UK’s leading entomologists (昆虫学家), says that insect populations compared with a century ago are 90% to 95% down. That was not caused by one wet spring: it is the result of a combination of factors that include the rise of ever more intensive farming, destruction of animals’ living environment and the impacts of climate breakdown. Aside from the disheartening silence and stillness of gardens, woods and grasslands, there are more practical implications. For example, many of our crop plants-including tomatoes, apples and strawberries-depend on wild insects to pollinate (授粉) them. Insects are also the food source of many birds that are also in decrease. The present position will hopefully last for a short time but is nonetheless a wake-up call about the degree of losses that have taken place in recent decades. One thing that we can all do to help is to get out and gather more information. This weekend the annual Big Butterfly Count gets under way, helping people survey their local area as part of a necessary national counting exercise — a fantastic example of citizen science in action. Nature is not just a nice thing to have: it is important for our national health, wealth and safety. Our butterflies and other insects are telling us something rather important. 1．What can we learn about this year’s butterflies? A．Their numbers suffer a sharp drop. B．Their species are rich and varied. C．They can be found in many places. D．Their migration habits have changed. 2．Why is Dave Goulson mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To suggest solutions to farming issues. B．To show insect numbers a century ago. C．To explain the impact of the cool wet spring. D．To offer evidence for a long-term phenomenon. 3．What does the underlined word “implications” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Effects. B．Advantages. C．Features. D．Opportunities. 4．What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph? A．Appreciate butterflies’ beauty. B．Wait for short-term recovery. C．Join in citizen science activities. D．Study insect losses professionally. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了今年昆虫数量锐减尤其是蝴蝶近乎消失的现象，分析原因并呼吁公众参与保护行动。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Perhaps most noticeable is the near-absence of butterflies. Species that are usually common are in many places down to the point of having almost disappeared. (也许最明显的是蝴蝶几乎绝迹。通常很常见的物种在许多地方几乎消失殆尽。)”可知，今年蝴蝶的数量急剧下降。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Dave Goulson, one of the UK’s leading entomologists (昆虫学家), says that insect populations compared with a century ago are 90% to 95% down. That was not caused by one wet spring: it is the result of a combination of factors that include the rise of ever more intensive farming, destruction of animals’ living environment and the impacts of climate breakdown. (英国顶尖昆虫学家之一戴夫·古尔森表示，与一个世纪前相比，昆虫数量减少了90%至95%。这不是一个潮湿的春天造成的：这是多种因素共同作用的结果，包括日益集约的农业兴起、动物生存环境的破坏以及气候崩溃的影响。)”可知，提到戴夫·古尔森是为了说明昆虫数量减少是一个长期现象，而非单一原因导致。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Aside from the disheartening silence and stillness of gardens, woods and grasslands (除了花园、树林和草地的令人沮丧的寂静和静止)”以及后文“For example, many of our crop plants-including tomatoes, apples and strawberries-depend on wild insects to pollinate (授粉) them. Insects are also the food source of many birds that are also in decrease. (例如，我们的许多作物植物，包括西红柿、苹果和草莓，都依赖野生昆虫为它们授粉。昆虫也是许多鸟类的食物来源，这些鸟类的数量也在减少。)”可知，昆虫数量减少除了带来寂静的花园等直观感受外，还有更实际的影响，比如影响农作物授粉和鸟类食物来源。故implications意思是“影响”。A. Effects影响；B. Advantages优势；C. Features特征；D. Opportunities机会。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“One thing that we can all do to help is to get out and gather more information. This weekend the annual Big Butterfly Count gets under way, helping people survey their local area as part of a necessary national counting exercise — a fantastic example of citizen science in action. (我们每个人都能做的一件事就是走出去收集更多信息。本周末，一年一度的大蝴蝶计数活动开始，帮助人们调查当地情况，这是全国必要计数活动的一部分——公民科学在行动中的一个绝佳例子。)”可知，作者建议读者参与公民科学活动，如大蝴蝶计数活动，来帮助收集信息并保护昆虫。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·陕西渭南·期末）Axolotls (蝾螈) — the cute and charming creatures made famous by the video game “Minecraft” — are in a free fall. Pollution, modern farming, and the introduction of invasive (入侵的) fish that hunt and eat the endangered species have reduced their habitat to the waterways of a single lake in Mexico. But a new study is offering a flash of hope: axolotls raised by people can survive in the wild, Justine McDaniel reported for The Washington Post. “This is a huge step because in conservation programs when you have animals raised by people and you take them back to the wild... there are a lot of deaths,” Alejandra Ramos, the study’s lead author said. Axolotls have long been bred in labs and are popular pets, but increasing their numbers in the wild has proven to be a much greater challenge. The study stuck radio transmitters onto 18 axolotls that would allow them to be tracked, then set free eight into Mexico City’s Lake Xochimilco and 10 into a man-made wetland. At least twice a day for 40 days, researchers visited both sites to collect data. The researchers found that the axolotls introduced to a man-made pond also endured, a promising finding for the potential of artificial wetlands to aid axolotl conservation, the study authors said. That finding matters if their habitat doesn’t recover or if climate change worsens, Esther Quintero, a Conservation International-Mexico biologist said. Conservation International is supporting a project in Lake Xochimilco to bring back the axolotl’s natural habitat by returning to ancestral farming practices. By supporting farmers’ change to pesticide-free farming and helping put in biofilters (生物过滤器) to clean the water, the project aims to restore these waters so axolotls can live well in the future. “Saving the axolotl goes beyond liking this creature that is really lovely,” Quintero said. “There is no future for any species without its habitat.” 1．What may prevent Axolotls from going extinct according to the study? A．Hunting invasive fish B．Monitoring their life. C．A ban on hunting them. D．Feeding under human care. 2．What`s Alejandra Ramos’ attitude to the finding? A．Negative. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Unconcerned. 3．What does the underlined word “endured” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Survived. B．Escaped. C．Approached. D．Responded. 4．What’s the suitable title of the text? A．Axolotls: Target of Researchers B．Foreign Species: Threat to Axolotls C．Being Raised: Axolotls’ New Hope D．Habitat: Axolotls’ Surviving Key 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了蝾螈因多种原因濒危，研究发现人工饲养的蝾螈能在野外存活，且人工湿地有助于其保护，还提及相关保护项目。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But a new study is offering a flash of hope: axolotls raised by people can survive in the wild, (但一项新的研究带来了一线希望：由人类饲养的蝾螈可以在野外生存)”可知，根据这项研究，人类饲养蝾螈，即蝾螈在人类的照顾下进食，这种方式可能有助于防止它们灭绝。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段““This is a huge step because in conservation programs when you have animals raised by people and you take them back to the wild... there are a lot of deaths,” Alejandra Ramos, the study’s lead author said. (该研究的主要作者 Alejandra Ramos 表示：“这是一大进步，因为在保护项目中，当你把人工饲养的动物放归野外时…… 会有很多死亡案例。”)”可知，亚历杭德拉·拉莫斯认为这项研究是保护动物过程中的巨大进步，所以她对这项发现是持支持态度的。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Axolotls have long been bred in labs and are popular pets, but increasing their numbers in the wild has proven to be a much greater challenge. (Axolotls长期以来一直在实验室里繁殖，是受欢迎的宠物，但事实证明，增加它们在野外的数量是一个更大的挑战)”以及第四段“The researchers found that the axolotls introduced to a man-made pond also endured, a promising finding for the potential of artificial wetlands to aid axolotl conservation, the study authors said. (研究人员发现，引入人工池塘的蝾螈也endured，这对人工湿地帮助蝾螈保护的潜力来说是一个有希望的发现，研究作者说)”可知，增加蝾螈在野外的数量是大的挑战，推测此处表示引入人工池塘的蝾螈存活了下来，所以这是一个有希望的发现，划线单词endured的意思是“存活”，与Survived意思相近。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But a new study is offering a flash of hope: axolotls raised by people can survive in the wild, Justine McDaniel reported for The Washington Post. (但据《华盛顿邮报》贾斯汀·麦克丹尼尔报道，一项新的研究带来了一线希望：由人类饲养的蝾螈可以在野外生存)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明由人类饲养的蝾螈可以在野外生存，这为蝾螈的保护带来了新的希望，所以“被饲养：蝾螈的新希望”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山东淄博·期末）A heritage language is a language that isn’t the “most powerful” language of an area, but is still learned by children in their homes (thus, it’s their heritage). Any language can be a heritage language, depending on the surrounding social context. English, for example, is often a primary language, but could technically be a heritage language if someone’s English-speaking parents moved from, say, the United Kingdom to Japan Heritage languages can be someone’s native language, but the two terms aren’t interchangeable. A native language is the language or languages a person learns when they’re very young while heritage languages can be determined by a broad range of social and cultural factors. Usually, people speak their native language very well. Someone’s abilities in their heritage language can vary quite a bit, however. Some people may master it well because they learned it a lot when they were children, while others may speak it but not read it, and still others may struggle with speaking it at all. The United States has over 56 million Spanish speakers, and a large part of those are heritage learners of the language. A research found that the percentage of people who report speaking Spanish “well” drops from 91 to 82 for first-and second-generation immigrants (移民). While that might seem small, it gets much more obvious after that, with third-and fourth-generation immigrants dropping to 47 percent. There are a couple of reasons why heritage languages — and Spanish in particular — tends to drop off from generation to generation. The first one is that the heritage language is less important to get around in society. When a person needs the majority language to go to school, get a job and interact with most people around them, it’s not surprising that the heritage language might seem less important. Another reason is some parents encourage their children not to use their heritage language. It’s unfortunate but true that speaking another language is still a cause for discrimination (歧视) today. Heritage languages may have a hard time lasting from generation to generation, but it’s not only a story of decline (衰弱). There are countless people in the world who go out of their way to learn their heritage languages — some learn the heritage language later in life — and help others to do the same. If you’ve ever thought about reconnecting with a heritage language, it’s never too late to get started. There’s no time like the present. 1．How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A．By mentioning an expert. B．By explaining a term (术语). C．By describing a scene. D．By providing figures. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The importance of learning heritage languages when little. B．The variations in people’s abilities to speak heritage languages. C．The differences between heritage languages and native languages. D．The similarities between the broad range of social and cultural factors. 3．What is one reason for the drop of Heritage languages in the US? A．Appearance discrimination B．Generation gap. C．Varying cultures. D．Losing popularity. 4．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．Parents play a key role in protecting heritage languages. B．Heritage languages’ difficult time will end in the near future. C．Efforts have been made towards the heritage languages’ survival. D．Some people consider it too late to bring heritage languages back to life. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。围绕传承语言展开，介绍其定义、与母语的区别、使用情况的变化等。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“A heritage language is a language that isn’t the “most powerful” language of an area, but is still learned by children in their homes (thus, it’s their heritage). (传承语言是指并非一个地区“最有影响力”的语言，但仍被孩子在家中学习的语言（因此，它是他们的传承）)”可知，作者通过解释“传承语言”这一术语来引入话题。故选B项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Heritage languages can be someone’s native language, but the two terms aren’t interchangeable. A native language is the language or languages a person learns when they’re very young while heritage languages can be determined by a broad range of social and cultural factors. (传承语言可以是某人的母语，但这两个术语不可互换。母语是一个人在很小的时候学习的语言，而传承语言则由广泛的社会和文化因素决定)”可知，第二段的主要内容是传承语言和母语的区别。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“The first one is that the heritage language is less important to get around in society. When a person needs the majority language to go to school, get a job and interact with most people around them, it’s not surprising that the heritage language might seem less important. (首先，传承语言在社会中出行等方面没那么重要。当一个人需要主流语言来上学、找工作以及和周围大多数人交流时，传承语言似乎没那么重要就不足为奇了)”可知，传承语言在美国衰落的一个原因是它不那么重要、使用得不多、不那么受欢迎了。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“There are countless people in the world who go out of their way to learn their heritage languages — some learn the heritage language later in life — and help others to do the same. (世界上有无数人不遗余力地学习他们的传承语言，有些人在晚些时候才学习传承语言，并帮助其他人也这样做)”可知，人们为传承语言的存续做出了努力。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·海南海口·期末）China has launched a clean energy system at its Qinling Station in Antarctica, designed for the harsh polar environment. This makes China the first country to successfully operate a large-scale clean energy system in such extreme conditions. Sun Hongbin, lead scientist, explains that this project is a significant step in China’s efforts towards green scientific exploration in polar energy. It shows how China’s polar research has moved from using diesel fuel to using green energy. The energy system mostly relies on solar and wind power, which together make up 60% of its energy. When there is no wind or sunlight, stored hydrogen can provide power, ensuring that research needs and basic living needs are met. The construction of this energy system began in 2023. Many of the required tools and facilities needed special research and adjustments for the extreme environment, so Taiyuan University of Technology set up a digital twin laboratory to simulate Antarctic conditions. This lab can recreate nearly 10 extreme scenarios (场景), such as severe cold, strong winds, and harsh weather. The lab’s goal is to tackle the challenges of research, testing, and operations. Sun noted that once the equipment is sent to Antarctica, it can’t be easily replaced if something goes wrong. Therefore, new energy devices were tested in the lab before being shipped to Antarctica, and the lab now receives and analyzes real-time data from the station. Dou Yinke, a leading expert from Taiyuan University of Technology, states that China is the first to use hydrogen energy on a large scale in Antarctica. Currently, 80 to 90% of research stations in Antarctica still depend on fuel-powered electricity, which causes significant pollution. Antarctica has great potential for wind and solar energy. However, the extreme conditions and shortage of technologies make it tough for solar and wind power generation equipment to maintain stable and efficient operation. Last year, Taiyuan University led the creation of a “Twelve-Year Development Outline for Clean Energy Utilization Technologies in Antarctica,” aiming to set up a complete clean energy system for research stations by 2035. 1．What is a key advantage of Qinling Station’s clean energy system? A．It gets rid of the need for any form of energy storage. B．It has been widely used in many research stations in Antarctica. C．It has no environmental impact on the surrounding environment. D．It is the first large-scale clean energy system to operate in Antarctica 2．Why did Taiyuan University of Technology establish a digital twin laboratory? A．To create new research equipment. B．To design a new type of diesel fuel. C．To forecast weather patterns in Antarctica. D．To simulate Antarctic conditions for testing. 3．What is the problem mentioned in paragraph 4? A．The reliance on fuel-powered electricity. B．The lack of research stations in Antarctica. C．The high cost of installing clean energy systems. D．The harsh conditions affecting research activities. 4．What is the main goal of the Outline in the last paragraph? A．To increase the use of diesel fuel. B．To remove all research stations in Antarctica. C．To replace solar and wind energy with fossil fuel sources. D．To establish a complete clean energy system for Antarctica. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述中国在南极秦岭站启用大型清洁能源系统，为首个在极端环境运行的此类系统，以风光电为主，氢储能，2035年将建完整系统。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“This makes China the first country to successfully operate a large-scale clean energy system in such extreme conditions.(这使中国成为首个在如此极端条件下成功运行大型清洁能源系统的国家。)”可知，秦岭站清洁能源系统的关键优势是它是首个在南极运行的大型清洁能源系统。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Many of the required tools and facilities needed special research and adjustments for the extreme environment, so Taiyuan University of Technology set up a digital twin laboratory to simulate Antarctic conditions. This lab can recreate nearly 10 extreme scenarios (场景), such as severe cold, strong winds, and harsh weather. (许多所需的工具和设施需要针对极端环境进行特殊的研究和调整，因此太原理工大学建立了一个数字孪生实验室来模拟南极条件。该实验室可以重现近10种极端情况，如严寒、强风和恶劣天气。)”可知，建立该实验室是为了模拟南极环境进行测试。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Currently, 80 to 90% of research stations in Antarctica still depend on fuel-powered electricity, which causes significant pollution.(目前，南极80%至90%的科考站仍依赖燃油发电，这造成了严重污染。)”可知，第四段提到的问题是对燃油发电的依赖。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Last year, Taiyuan University led the creation of a ‘Twelve-Year Development Outline for Clean Energy Utilization Technologies in Antarctica,’ aiming to set up a complete clean energy system for research stations by 2035.(去年，太原理工大学牵头制定了《南极清洁能源利用技术十二年发展纲要》，旨在到2035年建立完整的科研站清洁能源体系。)”可知，该纲要的主要目标是为南极建立完整的清洁能源系统。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·陕西西安·期末）The pleasure people get from a piece of music has been linked to its effects on our emotional responses and ability to form social connections. The degree of enjoyment differs from person to person, but little is known about why. To see if genetics (遗传学) can account for it, Giacomo Bignardi at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in the Netherlands and his colleagues conducted a new study. The researchers looked at more than 9,000 twins from the Swedish Twin Registry. About 3,400 were identical (同卵的) and 5,600 non-identical. The former share the same genome (基因组), while non-identical twins share only half their genomes, which enabled the researchers to determine the effects of genes through comparison. Besides, all the twins in the study were raised in the same households and so grew up with similar environmental influences. This made it easier to sort out genetic contributions. The researchers got the twins to complete the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire, which focused on how much pleasure they get from music. For example, they were asked the extent to which they agreed with statements such as “when I share music with someone I feel a special connection with that person” and “in my free time I hardly listen to music”. The result showed that genes seem to play a significant role in influencing how much pleasure music brings, with the identical twins being more than twice as similar in this feature as the non-identical ones. “While it’s fairly understandable that musical ability might have a genetic basis, which provides an easy explanation for why some people seem to have a talent for music, it’s obscure that the degree of pleasure from listening to music is influenced by genes, so it is inspiring that the study finds this effect,” says Peter Harrison at the University of Cambridge. However, Nick Collins at Durham University, UK thinks differently. “Certain musical abilities and preferences may be influenced by genetics, but there are a large number of cultural elements in music development that are not addressed by genetics alone,” he says. 1．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．How twins contribute to the progress of genetic research. B．Why the researchers chose the twins as research subjects. C．What makes the new study different from previous ones. D．What inspired the researchers to conduct the new study. 2．What is the finding of the new study? A．The secret of musical talent lies in our genes. B．Our genes determine what kind of music we like. C．Our genes can influence how much we enjoy music. D．The pleasure that different people get from music varies greatly. 3．Which can best replace the underlined word “obscure” in paragraph 4? A．easy to conclude. B．reasonable to assume. C．impossible to prove. D．difficult to see. 4．What is Nick Collins’ attitude towards the research finding? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Supportive. D．Unconcerned. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项关于基因对人们从音乐中获得快乐的影响的研究。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第二段“The researchers looked at more than 9,000 twins from the Swedish Twin Registry. About 3,400 were identical (同卵的) and 5,600 non-identical. The former share the same genome (基因组), while non-identical twins share only half their genomes, which enabled the researchers to determine the effects of genes through comparison. Besides, all the twins in the study were raised in the same households and so grew up with similar environmental influences. This made it easier to sort out genetic contributions.(研究人员观察了瑞典双胞胎登记处的9000多名双胞胎。其中大约3400对是同卵双胞胎，5600对是异卵双胞胎。前者拥有相同的基因组，而异卵双胞胎只共享一半的基因组，这使得研究人员能够通过比较来确定基因的影响。此外，研究中的所有双胞胎都在同一个家庭中长大，因此成长环境相似。这使得区分基因的贡献变得更容易。)”可知，研究人员选择双胞胎作为研究对象是因为他们可以通过比较同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎的基因差异来确定基因的影响；由此可知，从第二段可以了解为什么研究人员选择双胞胎作为研究对象。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The result showed that genes seem to play a significant role in influencing how much pleasure music brings, with the identical twins being more than twice as similar in this feature as the non-identical ones.(结果表明，基因似乎在影响音乐带来的快乐程度方面发挥着重要作用，同卵双胞胎在这一特征上的相似性是非同卵双胞胎的两倍多。)”可知，这项新研究的发现是我们的基因可以影响我们从音乐中获得多少快乐。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“While it’s fairly understandable that musical ability might have a genetic basis, which provides an easy explanation for why some people seem to have a talent for music.(虽然音乐能力可能有遗传基础是相当容易理解的，这为为什么有些人似乎有音乐天赋提供了一个简单的解释。)可知，“obscure”所在的部分与上文是转折关系，上文说音乐能力有遗传基础是容易理解的，那么可推测出“obscure”的意思应该是“不容易看出”或“难以察觉”。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Certain musical abilities and preferences may be influenced by genetics, but there are a large number of cultural elements in music development that are not addressed by genetics alone.(某些音乐能力和偏好可能受到遗传学的影响，但在音乐发展中存在大量文化元素，这些元素并非仅由遗传学所能解释。)”可知，Nick Collins认为这项研究结果有疑点，即他对此持怀疑态度。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·陕西咸阳·期末）Cuckoos (杜鹃) are a well-known and much-loved species in the UK. They are a call of summer, travelling all the way from their wintering ground in Africa to breed on islands in the UK. Unfortunately, cuckoos are facing a dramatic decline in the UK. Since 1995, their breeding population has decreased by 35%. Why this decline is occurring is something researchers at the British Trust for Ornithology (鸟类学) are trying to find out, and they are using some high-tech equipment to do so. Researchers have been attaching satellite tags (标签) to cuckoos, which transmit real-time location data. This data reveals how long cuckoo s spend in the UK, when they leave, and which migration routes they take between the UK and Africa. The hope is that this data will give scientists a detailed understanding of cuckoo migration, the threats they face along the way, and the conservation measures that could be adopted to improve their chances of survival. The tags have already revealed many insights into cuckoo migration. It’s hoped that as data keeps coming in, scientists will better understand the factors that influence whether cuckoo s survive their migration, and therefore the best ways to help protect the species. It’s not just the scientists who have been eagerly tracking the tagged birds, though. The tags provide live location data which is published on an online map. Members of the public can therefore watch the cuckoos’ incredible journeys, too, and if you click on the individuals on the map, you can find out more about each bird. “This ongoing project opens a significant window on the wonders of migration, and our discoveries are helping to shape the way we look at bird migration more widely,” says lead scientist on the project, Dr. Chris Hewson. “It will also lay a foundation (基础) from which cuckoo conservation measures can be planned , increasing the likelihood that the call of these birds will grace our summers for generations to come.” 1．What are researchers at the British Trust for Ornithology trying to find out? A．Why there are fewer and fewer cuckoos. B．What happened to cuckoos’ habitat. C．How to make an online map for Africa. D．Where to look for new species. 2．How can the public take part in the cuckoo tracking project according to the passage? A．By contributing funds to the research. B．By participating in bird watching tours. C．By observing the birds in their natural habitat. D．By following the live location data online. 3．What does Dr. Chris Hewson think of the project? A．It inspires the public’s passion for technology. B．It shows the exact population of cuckoos in the UK. C．It lays a foundation for the species’ conservation. D．It will help cuckoo s choose a safer migration route. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Cuckoos’ Migration Routes B．Tracking Cuckoos’ Journeys C．Decline of New Species in the UK D．Conservation Measures for Birds 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国鸟类学信托基金的研究人员正在研究杜鹃数量急剧下降的原因，他们通过给杜鹃安装卫星标签来追踪其迁徙情况，同时公众也能通过网络参与追踪项目，该项目为杜鹃物种的保护奠定了基础。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Unfortunately, cuckoos are facing a dramatic decline in the UK. Since 1995, their breeding population has decreased by 35%. Why this decline is occurring is something researchers at the British Trust for Ornithology (鸟类学) are trying to find out, and they are using some high-tech equipment to do so. (不幸的是，杜鹃在英国的数量急剧下降。自1995年以来，它们的繁殖种群数量减少了35%。英国鸟类学信托基金的研究人员正在试图找出这种下降的原因)”可知，英国鸟类学信托基金的研究人员正在试图找出为什么杜鹃越来越少。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“The tags provide live location data which is published on an online map. Members of the public can therefore watch the cuckoos’ incredible journeys, too, and if you click on the individuals on the map, you can find out more about each bird. (这些标签提供实时位置数据，并发布在在线地图上。因此，公众也可以观看杜鹃不可思议的旅程，如果你点击地图上的个体，你可以了解更多关于每只鸟的信息)”可知，公众可以通过在线跟踪实时位置数据来参与杜鹃追踪项目。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It will also lay a foundation (基础) from which cuckoo conservation measures can be planned, increasing the likelihood that the call of these birds will grace our summers for generations to come. (它还将为制定杜鹃保护措施奠定基础，增加这些鸟的叫声在未来几代人的夏天都能听到的可能性)”可知，克里斯·休森博士认为该项目为物种保护奠定了基础。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Unfortunately, cuckoos are facing a dramatic decline in the UK. Since 1995, their breeding population has decreased by 35%. Why this decline is occurring is something researchers at the British Trust for Ornithology (鸟类学) are trying to find out, and they are using some high-tech equipment to do so. (不幸的是，杜鹃在英国的数量急剧下降。自1995年以来，它们的繁殖种群数量减少了35%。英国鸟类学信托基金的研究人员正在试图找出这种下降的原因，他们正在使用一些高科技设备来做到这一点)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了英国鸟类学信托基金的研究人员正在研究杜鹃数量急剧下降的原因，他们通过给杜鹃安装卫星标签来追踪其迁徙情况，同时公众也能通过网络参与追踪项目，该项目为杜鹃物种的保护奠定了基础。由此可知，B选项“追踪杜鹃的旅程”最符合文章标题。故选B。 Passage 5 （24-25高一下·陕西咸阳·期末）The European Space Agency (ESA) recently started a new project — Proba-3. In the project, two satellites were sent into space to perform tasks that include simulating a total solar eclipse (日食). The two satellites are set to separate and fly 150 meters apart in about a month when they reach their target area high above the Earth. The ESA explains the project is designed to examine how well the two satellites can travel together in a fixed position while maintaining their effective flight performance. In one experiment, the two satellites will carry out a series of virtual total solar eclipses. One satellite will block the sun to produce a shadow (阴影), allowing the other to observe solar activity. The goal of this operation is to give scientists the chance to study the sun’s outside atmosphere, known as the corona (日冕). The corona is difficult to observe because of the brightness of the sun. Scientists have repeatedly tried to study this part of the sun from observations on the Earth during real total solar eclipses. But those eclipses do not happen often and usually only last up to five minutes. The ESA plans to carry out total eclipses at least twice a week, with each lasting up to six hours .Scientists are especially happy about that as repeated studies of the corona can help provide new information about how solar activity influences the Earth. The ESA said in a statement, “Proba-3 is very different because our satellites will be flying just one and a half football fields away from each other during the active flying.” Proba-3 will aim for at least 1,000 hours of “on demand” flight during its two-year operation. Once the task is completed, both satellite s will continually drop lower until they burn up in the atmosphere. Officials said that would likely happen within five years. The ESA has said other circling flights of Proba-3, besides the eclipse experiments, will be carried out to test a series of exact formation flying to help support future tasks. 1．What does the underlined word “simulating” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Lacking. B．Lecturing. C．Creating. D．Electing. 2．What does Paragraph 3 focus on? A．Some experiments to test the two satellites. B．The best position to observe the corona. C．Why scientists observe solar activities. D．How the two satellites will finish an experiment. 3．What does the passage say about real total solar eclipses? A．They occur in certain regions. B．They leave limited time for observing the corona. C．They require advanced technology to discover. D．They are caused by satellites blocking the sun. 4．What will happen to the two satellites at last according to the passage? A．They will burn up. B．They will be improved. C．They will perform other tasks. D．They will stay in the space station. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了欧洲航天局启动的Proba-3项目，包括发射两颗卫星进行模拟日食等任务，以及该项目的相关实验、对真实日食的对比和卫星的最终结局等内容。 【详解】1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“In the project, two satellites were sent into space to perform tasks that include simulating a total solar eclipse (日食). (在该项目中，两颗卫星被送入太空执行包括simulating日全食的任务)”以及第三段中“In one experiment, the two satellites will carry out a series of virtual total solar eclipses. One satellite will block the sun to produce a shadow (阴影), allowing the other to observe solar activity. The goal of this operation is to give scientists the chance to study the sun’s outside atmosphere, known as the corona (日冕). (在一个实验中，两颗卫星将进行一系列虚拟日全食实验。一颗卫星将遮挡太阳产生阴影，使另一颗卫星能够观测太阳活动。这个操作的目的是让科学家有机会研究太阳的外层大气，即日冕)”可知，两颗卫星是要创造出类似日食时太阳被遮挡、产生阴影供观测的场景。creating有“创造、产生”的意思，符合两颗卫星通过特定操作创造出类似日食场景的含义。所以“simulating”意思是“创造”。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“In one experiment, the two satellites will carry out a series of virtual total solar eclipses. One satellite will block the sun to produce a shadow (阴影), allowing the other to observe solar activity. The goal of this operation is to give scientists the chance to study the sun’s outside atmosphere, known as the corona (日冕). (在一个实验中，两颗卫星将进行一系列虚拟日全食实验。一颗卫星将遮挡太阳产生阴影，使另一颗卫星能够观测太阳活动。这个操作的目的是让科学家有机会研究太阳的外层大气，即日冕)”可知，第三段主要讲述了两颗卫星将如何完成一个实验。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Scientists have repeatedly tried to study this part of the sun from observations on the Earth during real total solar eclipses. But those eclipses do not happen often and usually only last up to five minutes. (科学家们多次尝试在真实的日全食期间从地球上的观测来研究太阳的这一部分。但这些日食并不经常发生，通常只持续五分钟)”可知，真实的日全食留给观测日冕的时间有限。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“Once the task is completed, both satellites will continually drop lower until they burn up in the atmosphere.(一旦任务完成，两颗卫星将持续下降，直到在大气层中燃烧殆尽)”可知，最后两颗卫星会燃烧殆尽。故选A。 Passage 6 （24-25高一下·四川泸州·期末）According to official government figures, there are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia, and many Australians consider them dangerous. It is reported that kangaroos are involved in more than 80 percent of the 20,000 vehicle-animal accidents each year. In the country’s under-populated region, the common belief is that kangaroo numbers have rocketed to “pandemic (大规模流行的) percentage”. It is believed that killing kangaroos is critical to boosting the economy. Meat, skins and leather from kangaroos have been sold to 56 countries. Global brands such as Nike, Puma and Adidas buy strong, soft “k-leather” to make athletic products. And kangaroo meat is finding its way into more and more grocery stores. Advocates point out that low-fat, high-protein kangaroo meat is more environmentally friendly than greenhouse gas-releasing sheep and cattle. John Kelly, former executive director of the Kangaroo Industry Association of Australia, says, “Harvesting our food from animals adapted to Australia’s environment is extremely wise and sustainable. Many ecologists will tell you that there is no more humane way of producing red meat.” Opponents of the industry call the killing inhumane, unsustainable and unnecessary. Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking in this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country? I don’t understand the logic in that.” Can Australians’ disagreement on kangaroos be solved? George Wilson, a professor from Australian National University, says that if kangaroos were privately owned, then graziers (放牧人) would protect the animals, treating them as possessions (财产). They could feed them, lease them, breed them and charge hunters a fee for access. “If you want to protect something,” Wilson says, “you have to give it a value. Animals that are considered dangerous don’t have value.” If kangaroos were more valuable than cattle or sheep, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation. 1．What do we know from the article? A．Kangaroos are to blame for most accidents. B．Global brands make small profits on kangaroos. C．Kangaroos are relatively friendly to the environment. D．Over-populated kangaroos are doing great harm to the country’s economy. 2．Why does Dwayne Bannon disagree to kill kangaroos? A．Because it is laughable. B．Because it is destroying the country. C．Because they have existed on Earth longer than man. D．Because they live in harmony with people. 3．Which of the following might be the benefit of privatization (私有化)? A．The popularity of kangaroo hunting. B．The reduction in the number of kangaroos. C．The establishment of more conservation areas. D．The better management of the kangaroo industry. 4．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To argue against the killing of kangaroos. B．To provide a solution to the problem caused by kangaroos. C．To present different opinions on the kangaroo industry. D．To stress the importance of protecting kangaroos. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要就袋鼠在澳大利亚的影响展开讨论，介绍了其经济与生态效益，以及对于袋鼠管理的不同观点。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Advocates point out that low-fat, high-protein kangaroo meat is more environmentally friendly than greenhouse gas-releasing sheep and cattle. (支持者指出，低脂、高蛋白袋鼠肉比释放温室气体的绵羊和牛更环保)”可知，袋鼠是比绵羊和牛更环保的动物，即相对而言袋鼠对环境更友好。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking in this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country? I don’t understand the logic in that.” (新南威尔士州尤因人Dwayne Bannon Harrison表示，袋鼠正在摧毁这个国家的想法是可笑的。他说：“它们在这片土地上行走的时间比人们长得多。”。“在这里存在了数千年的物种怎么会“摧毁”这个国家？我不明白其中的逻辑。”)”可知，Dwayne Bannon认为在这片土地上，袋鼠比人类存在的时间更长，即袋鼠本来就生活在这里，所以Dwayne Bannon不同意杀死袋鼠。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If kangaroos were more valuable than cattle or sheep, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation. (如果袋鼠比牛或羊更有价值，土地所有者将与袋鼠产业合作进行品牌、营销和质量控制。政府的作用将是监督和监管)”可知，私有化之后，土地所有者可以与袋鼠产业在各方面进行合作，同时得到政府的监督和监管，即私有化会使得袋鼠产业得到更好的管理。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“According to official government figures, there are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia, and many Australians consider them dangerous. (根据政府官方数据，袋鼠的数量是澳大利亚人的两倍多，许多澳大利亚人认为它们很危险)”。第二段“It is believed that killing kangaroos is critical to boosting the economy.(人们认为，杀死袋鼠对促进经济发展至关重要)”以及最后一段“George Wilson, a professor from Australian National University, says that if kangaroos were privately owned, then graziers (放牧人) would protect the animals, treating them as possessions (财产). They could feed them, lease them, breed them and charge hunters a fee for access.(澳大利亚国立大学教授乔治·威尔逊说，如果袋鼠是私人所有的，那么牧场主就会保护这些动物，把它们当作财产)”可知，文章开头提出问题，袋鼠使得人们面临危机，后文提出不同的解决方法，所以文章的写作目的是为袋鼠造成的问题提供解决方案。故选B。 Passage 7 （24-25高一下·内蒙古赤峰·期末）Dr. Llyr is a computer scientist but draws his inspiration from the natural sciences. His latest app is called Ocean Rift and it is the latest in a long line of animations (动画) influenced by science. Disney animators were encouraged to visit zoos or even bring animals into the studio to help make their animations more lifelike. But Llyr believes his app takes realism to a new level. “It’s about making virtual life,” he explains. “For example, in Ocean Rift the animals are not animated like in a Disney movie — it actually swims, it waves its tail, opens its mouth and closes its eyes.” Modelling animal was no easy task. Small animals like fish swim past you, but larger ones such as dolphins look at you and you can see their eyes move around. For Llyr, the dolphin is the most challenging animal to recreate because when you enter their habitat, they swim right up to you. He says, “you feel like they are breaking in your personal space as they are more than your arm’s width close to you. What happens then? Do they stay back? How often do they come up to you? It depends on how friendly it is.” The mobile edition also presented a challenge. “I am used to working with £2,000 — £3,000 machines,” he explains. “Smartphones are tiny computers, and of course you can’t put a fan on one.” Without the processing power and cooling systems of powerful desktop computers, the app needed improvement to make a mobile edition possible. Nowadays, Llyr is already working on the next edition. “It is divided into habitats, the dolphin habitat, whale one and so on and I will be adding more habitats.” And because he has done the hard work of making it work on a smartphone, when he transfers (传输) it back for bigger devices (设备) it can be more detailed. “It means I can have tens of thousands of fish all swimming around on the computer or on a PlayStation or whatever.” 1．How is the animation in Ocean Rift influenced by science? A．By visiting zoos for lifelike effects. B．By bringing animals into the studio. C．By using advanced methods to model real animals. D．By copying the animal behaviors from Disney films. 2．Why is it difficult to model dolphin according to Llyr? A．They are unfriendly with people. B．They move unpredictably. C．They like breaking into your place. D．They are too big to observe. 3．What does Llyr try to explain by mentioning “you can’t put a fan”? A．The limitation of the app for smartphones. B．The danger of overheating problems. C．The need for fans in smartphone. D．The power of cooling system. 4．What can we learn about Llyr’s next edition? A．It will apply new techniques. B．It will show more details. C．It will include more dolphins. D．It will work in rail station. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了计算机科学家Llyr受自然科学启发开发应用Ocean Rift，其动画极具真实感，制作有挑战，他正研发下一版本，将增加栖息地且细节更丰富。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“ His latest app is called Ocean Rift and it is the latest in a long line of animations (动画) influenced by science.(他最新开发的应用程序名为《海洋裂痕》，这是一系列受科学启发的动画作品中最新的一款)”和第二段“For example, in Ocean Rift the animals are not animated like in a Disney movie — it actually swims, it waves its tail, opens its mouth and closes its eyes.(例如，在Ocean Rift中，这些动物的动画效果并非像迪士尼电影那样夸张——它们真的会游动、摆动尾巴、张开嘴巴并闭上眼睛)”可知，Ocean Rift中的动画效果是通过运用先进的方法来模拟真实的动物而实现的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“For Llyr, the dolphin is the most challenging animal to recreate because when you enter their habitat, they swim right up to you. He says, “you feel like they are breaking in your personal space as they are more than your arm’s width close to you. What happens then? Do they stay back? How often do they come up to you? It depends on how friendly it is.”(对利尔来说，海豚是最难重现的动物，因为当你进入它们的栖息地时，它们会直接游向你。他说：“你会感觉它们正在侵犯你的私人空间，因为它们距离你不到你的手臂长度。接下来会发生什么呢？它们会退后吗？它们多久会靠近你一次？这取决于它们的友好程度。”)”可知，模拟海豚很困难是因为它们的行动方式难以预测。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The mobile edition also presented a challenge. “I am used to working with £2,000 — £3,000 machines,” he explains. “Smartphones are tiny computers, and of course you can’t put a fan on one.” Without the processing power and cooling systems of powerful desktop computers, the app needed improvement to make a mobile edition possible.(移动版也带来了新的挑战。“我习惯使用价值 2000 至 3000 英镑的电脑，”他解释道，“智能手机就是微型电脑，当然你没法在上面安装风扇。”由于没有强大台式电脑那样的处理能力和散热系统，这款应用程序需要改进才能实现移动版的推出)”可知，利尔提到“你不能安装一个风扇”时，意在说明智能手机应用程序的局限性。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Nowadays, Llyr is already working on the next edition. “It is divided into habitats, the dolphin habitat, whale one and so on and I will be adding more habitats.” And because he has done the hard work of making it work on a smartphone, when he transfers (传输) it back for bigger devices (设备) it can be more detailed. “It means I can have tens of thousands of fish all swimming around on the computer or on a PlayStation or whatever.”(如今，利尔已经在着手制作下一版了。“它被划分为不同的栖息地，比如海豚栖息地、鲸鱼栖息地等等，而且我还会增加更多的栖息地。”由于他已经完成了让其在智能手机上运行的艰巨任务，所以当他将其传输到更大的设备上时（比如平板电脑或游戏机），画面会更加清晰。“这意味着我可以在电脑上、或者在PlayStation上，或者任何其他设备上看到成千上万条鱼在周围游动。”)”可知，利尔的下一部作品将会包含更多细节。故选B。 Passage 8 （24-25高一下·内蒙古通辽·期末）Destructive earthquakes rock the world from time to time. Nothing can be done to prevent them from striking. The best way to ease these future disasters is to draw maps of the underworld, recording every fault (断层) and tracking its behavior. To create those maps, researchers employ machines that sense and record all sorts of vibrations (震动). This work, historically, has sometimes been inaccurate. When Zachary Ross, an assistant geophysics professor, started in the field in the early 2010s, he tried to find a new way forward. “Even the best computer programs at the time missed certain earthquakes. There had to be a better way,” he says. He made the study in California which is so geologically active and there were more data than human experts alone could reasonably handle. In 2017 Ross started to focus on tiny quakes. They might be harmless, but that doesn’t make them unimportant — their waves can explain each fault they pass through, including the more precarious, stress­loaded ones that may one day crack and set off a disaster. Ross and his colleagues set an algorithm (算法) upon the seismic (地震的) record. The algorithm quickly identified nearly two million previously hidden tiny quakes. However, his program could only find earthquakes in the seismic record that it was taught to recognize. So Ross turned to more advanced tools: self­learning programs, software that could make predictions about the future — in this case, what a greatly wider variety of earthquakes might sound like. Very quickly, these programs found all sorts of unfamiliar-sounding quakes — later confirmed by human scientists. These AI learning programs can also be used to improve the speed and accuracy (精确度) of earthquake early­warning systems — largely autonomous (自主的) programs that forecast threats to life and property in the moments after an earthquake starts and send people emergency text messages before seismic waves reach them. But for all their promise, AI programs won’t replace human scientists. “They’re just tools,” Ross says — ones that in time, he believes, will become as ordinary as seismometers (地震仪) themselves. 1．What inspired Ross to carry out the new study? A．The massive amounts of data available. B．The geographical location of California. C．The limitation of the traditional method. D．The breakdown of the computer programs. 2．What does the underlined word “precarious” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Unusual. B．Unstable. C．Inaccessible. D．Informal. 3．What is the advantage of self­learning programs over Ross’ algorithm? A．They forecast new earthquakes. B．They help restore hidden faults. C．They rely on previous information. D．They use the best computer programs. 4．What do we know about the AI programs from the last paragraph? A．They will replace seismometers. B．They serve as an efficiency booster. C．They reduce the threats to life and property. D．They prevented seismic waves from reaching people. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍地震研究学者扎卡里·罗斯借助AI算法和自学习程序提升地震监测精度的探索。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When Zachary Ross, an assistant geophysics professor, started in the field in the early 2010s, he tried to find a new way forward. “Even the best computer programs at the time missed certain earthquakes. There had to be a better way,” he says. (地球物理学助理教授扎卡里·罗斯在2010年代初进入该领域时，试图找到一条新的研究路径。他说：“即使是当时最好的计算机程序也会漏掉某些地震。一定有更好的方法。”)”可知，传统方法的局限性（计算机程序漏检地震）促使罗斯开展新研究。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“They might be harmless, but that doesn’t make them unimportant — their waves can explain each fault they pass through, including the more precarious, stress­loaded ones that may one day crack and set off a disaster (它们可能是无害的，但这并不意味着它们不重要——它们的波浪可以解释它们所经历的每一个断层，包括那些更precarious、压力更大的断层，这些断层有朝一日可能会破裂并引发灾难)”可知，这些断层有一天可能会破裂并引发灾难，说明它们是不稳定的，所以画线词precarious的意思是“不稳定的”，与“unstable”同义。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Very quickly, these programs found all sorts of unfamiliar­sounding quakes—later confirmed by human scientists.(很快，这些程序就发现了各种听起来不熟悉的地震——后来得到了人类科学家的证实。)”可知，自学程序的优势在于它们能够预测出新型的地震。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“These AI learning programs can also be used to improve the speed and accuracy of earthquake early­warning systems — largely autonomous programs that forecast threats to life and property in the moments after an earthquake starts and send people emergency text messages before seismic waves reach them.(这些AI学习程序还可用于提高地震预警系统的速度和精度——预警系统是高度自主的程序，能在地震发生后立即预测对生命和财产的威胁，并在地震波到达前向人们发送紧急短信。)”可知，AI程序通过提升预警速度和精度，成为提高地震监测效率的助推器。故选B项。 Passage 9 （24-25高一下·内蒙古包头·期末）Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. Many forms of cancers could be cured if discovered early and treated properly. But identifying it is quite an effort. Now a new study may offer an approach. Researchers in France recently found that insects, including ants, have a powerful sense of smell and can quickly learn to find out cancerous cells (细胞). The researchers experimented with 36 ants of the species Formica fusca. They first trained the ants by placing a sugar solution near the cancerous cells. Half of the ants were taught to recognize one type of cancer, and the rest were taught another. Then the ants were put near the healthy cells and the cancerous cells. It turned out that when the sugar solution was taken away, the ants could still find out the cancerous cells. In the test, the ants moved towards the cancerous cells they learned to discover, even if they had to choose between different cancer varieties. This isn’t the first time that animals’ sense of smell has been used to identify cancerous cells. Earlier studies have suggested that dogs are good at smelling out cancerous cells. “Ants equal dogs in terms of smelling abilities,” the researchers wrote. “In some regards, ants are better than dogs because they can learn extremely fast — less than 30 minutes for most ants — with a low-cost method that can be achieved by anyone after a couple of days of training, while training a dog to properly smell out cancerous cells requires several months to a year and it also costs much.” More clinical (临床的) tests must be carried out before they could be used in clinical settings like hospitals. The researchers’ next step will be to further study whether ants could make themselves useful in other real-world situations where dogs are now used. They believe that the method could possibly be adapted to other challenging tasks. 1．What can we learn about the ants in the experiment? A．They were used for curing cancer. B．They fed mainly on cancerous cells. C．They preferred healthy cells to cancerous cells. D．They could tell different cancerous cell varieties apart. 2．How are ants better than dogs according to the researchers? A．Ants have a stronger sense of smell. B．Ants have more correct results. C．Ants are much more cost-effective. D．Ants can be used for longer periods. 3．What will the researchers do next? A．Explore other possible uses of ants. B．Experiment with other species of ants. C．Use ants instead of dogs in real-world situations. D．Promote the use of ants in hospitals around the world. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Ants can identify cancerous cells. B．Cancer is a leading cause of death. C．Cancer can be cured sooner or later. D．Ants and dogs have good smelling abilities. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要说明了法国研究人员发现蚂蚁具有强大的嗅觉能力，能够通过训练快速识别癌细胞，且在某些方面比狗更具优势，未来或可应用于医疗诊断等现实场景。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In the test, the ants moved towards the cancerous cells they learned to discover, even if they had to choose between different cancer varieties.(在测试中，蚂蚁向它们学会发现的癌细胞移动，即使它们必须在不同的癌症品种之间做出选择。)”可知，实验中的蚂蚁可以区分不同种类的癌细胞。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In some regards, ants are better than dogs because they can learn extremely fast — less than 30 minutes for most ants — with a low-cost method that can be achieved by anyone after a couple of days of training, while training a dog to properly smell out cancerous cells requires several months to a year and it also costs much.(在某些方面，蚂蚁比狗学得好，因为它们学得非常快——大多数蚂蚁不到30分钟就能学会——只要训练几天，任何人都可以用一种低成本的方法学会，而训练一只狗正确嗅出癌细胞需要几个月到一年的时间，而且成本也很高。)”可知，蚂蚁比狗好是因为蚂蚁的成本效益高得多。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The researchers’ next step will be to further study whether ants could make themselves useful in other real-world situations where dogs are now used.(研究人员接下来的步骤将是进一步研究蚂蚁是否能在其他目前由狗来承担任务的现实场景中发挥作用。)”可知，研究人员下一步要探索蚂蚁的其他可能用途。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“In the test, the ants moved towards the cancerous cells they learned to discover, even if they had to choose between different cancer varieties.(在测试中，蚂蚁向它们学会发现的癌细胞移动，即使它们必须在不同的癌症品种之间做出选择。)”可知，这篇文章的主要内容是蚂蚁能识别癌细胞。故选A。 Passage 10 （24-25高一下·黑龙江鸡西·期末）Climate change threatens the health of polar bears across the Arctic. A study published in Conservation Physiology introduces a new approach to measuring the health of polar bear populations, inspired by a well-known idea in human medicine: allostatic load, which refers to the wear and tear on the body from long-term stress. Scientists used this idea to create a health score for polar bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea, where the polar bear population has dropped by 25-50%. The model included measures of nutritional (营养的), immune, and long-term stress. Polar bears depend on the sea ice to hunt for food, and ice loss can lead to poorer nutritional condition. In. summer and fall, as the ice moves northward, bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea must decide whether to follow the ice into less productive hunting areas or to come onto land until the ice freezes (结冰) again. Increasingly, bears are coming ashore and eating food left by humans, which increases disease risk. Additionally, being on land means they face more human activity, such as oil and gas work, which adds extra stress. “It’s like carrying a heavy backpack that keeps getting heavier. Soon, it becomes too much to bear,” said Sarah Teman, lead author of the study. “By studying allostatic load, we can understand how much ‘weight’ each bear is carrying, and how that affects populations.” The scientists measured allostatic load through blood and hair samples collected from polar bears. One finding stood out to the team: adult females that spend the summer on land have higher allostatic load than those that remain on the sea ice. This may be driven by onshore food sources that fail to meet their nutritional needs, coupled with immune stress. “This study gives us valuable insights into the factors affecting polar bears and how we can support their survival in a changing Arctic,” said Kristin Laidre, co-author of the study. 1．What has happened to the polar bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea according to the text? A．Their nutritional condition has improved. B．Their populations have seen a notable fall. C．They have been hunted and killed by humans. D．They have been forced to hunt alone in winter. 2．What can be learned about the sea ice from paragraph 3? A．It is increasing disease risk. B．It is subject to the wild animals. C．It is getting bigger in summer. D．It is key to polar bears’ survival. 3．What did Laidre try to explain about the research? A．Its process. B．Its method. C．Its background. D．Its significance. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The long-term stress polar bears face. B．The productive hunting area in the Arctic. C．A new way to check polar bears’ health. D．An approach to addressing climate change. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新研究，该研究受人类医学概念启发，提出一种衡量北极熊种群健康状况的新方法，并分析了北极熊面临的压力因素。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Scientists used this idea to create a health score for polar bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea, where the polar bear population has dropped by 25-50%.(科学家们利用这个概念为波弗特海南部的北极熊创建了一个健康评分，在那里北极熊的数量下降了25%-50%)”可知，波弗特海南部的北极熊数量显著下降。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Polar bears depend on the sea ice to hunt for food, and ice loss can lead to poorer nutritional condition.(北极熊依靠海冰捕食，海冰的减少会导致北极熊营养状况变差)”可知，北极熊依靠海冰捕食，所以海冰是北极熊生存的关键。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Laidre的话“This study gives us valuable insights into the factors affecting polar bears and how we can support their survival in a changing Arctic(这项研究让我们深入了解影响北极熊的因素，以及我们如何在不断变化的北极支持它们的生存)”可知，Laidre在解释这项研究的意义。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“A study published in Conservation Physiology introduces a new approach to measuring the health of polar bear populations, inspired by a well known idea in human medicine: allostatic load(发表在《保护生理学》上的一项研究介绍了一种衡量北极熊种群健康状况的新方法，该方法受到人类医学中一个著名概念：适应负荷)”可知，文章主要介绍了一种检查北极熊健康状况的新方法。故选C项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $西学科网·上好课 www.zxxk.com 专题04阅读理解（说明文) (期末复 真题实战·百练通关 科学技术 Passage 1 1.D2.A 3.C4.B Passage 2 1.B 2.C3.D4.D 科普知识 Passage 1 1.D2.C3.B4.C Passage 2 1.A2.D3.A4.C Passage 3 1.D2.C3.A4.C 2 考题猜想·高分必刷 Passage 1 1.B2.C3.D4.C Passage 2 1.D2.D3.A4.D Passage 3 1.B2.C3.D4.B Passage 4 1.A2.D3.C4.B Passage 5 1.C2.D3.B4.A Passage 6 1.C2.C3.D4.B Passage 7 1/2 上好每一堂课 ]专项训练) 命学科网·上好课 1.C2.B3.A4.B 1.C2.B3.A4.B 1.D2.C3.A4.A 1.B2.D3.D4.C www zxxk .com Passage 8 Passage 9 Passage 10 2/2 系一每丝丁