专题03 必修第三册Unit4～Unit6（期末复习知识清单）高一英语下学期外研版

专题03 必修第三册Unit4~Unit6单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 4 Amazing art Unit 5 What an adventure! 一．核心单词 15个核心单词背默 一．核心单词 15个核心单词背默 二．单词拓展 8个单词拓展背默 二．单词拓展 9个单词拓展背默 三．常考单词 4个常考单词解析 三．常考单词 5个常考单词解析 四．单元短语 12个单元短语背默 四．单元短语 13个单元短语背默 五．单元佳句 4个单元佳句背默 五．单元佳句 4个单元佳句背默 六．单元语法 现在进行时的被动语态 六．单元语法 过去将来时 七．单元写作 描写一件艺术品 七．单元写作 探险类记叙文 Unit 6 Disaster and hope 一．核心单词 17个核心单词背默 二．单词拓展 8个单词拓展背默 三．常考单词 4个常考单词解析 四．单元短语 10个单元短语背默 五．单元佳句 4个单元佳句背默 六．单元语法 省略 七．单元写作 安全指南说明文 Unit 4 Amazing art 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．broadcast n．广播节目，电视节目 2．fond adj.喜爱的 3．load n．某物的量 4．battle n．战斗，战役 5．fold v．折起 6．neighbourhood n．社区，街坊 7．carve v．刻(图形或字母) 8．lack v．没有，缺乏 9．sponsor v．资助 10．shade n．(色彩的)浓淡，深浅，色度 11．conventional adj.传统的；因循守旧的 12．controversial adj.有争议的；引起争议的 13．conversation n．谈话；交谈 14．convince vt.说服；使确信 15．convincing adj.令人信服的 二、单词拓展 1．greet v．问候，迎接，招呼→greeting n．招呼，问候 2．exhibition n．展出，展览→exhibit v．展出，展览 3．vividly adv.生动地→vivid adj.生动的 4．elegant adj.高雅的，优美的→elegance n．优雅 5．stimulate v．刺激，促使，促进→stimulation n．刺激 6．bare v．使暴露，露出 adj.裸露的；空的→barely adv.仅仅；几乎没有 7．frequent adj.经常发生的，频繁的→frequently adv.频繁地 8．mostly adv.大部分；主要地→most pron.大多数 adv.最；非常；极其 三、常考单词 1.imagine vt.想象；设想 imagine＋ 2.be made of...由……制成 be made from... 由……制成 be made up of 由……组成 be made into... 把……制成…… 3.seem to be doing (1)主语＋seem ＋ 不定式结构有时态和语态的变化。 seem＋to do/to have done/to be doing，意为“好像要做……/已经做了……/正在做……”。 (2)“主语＋seem＋(to be)＋表语”结构，表语多为名词、形容词、分词、介词短语等，以说明主语的特征或状态，意为“好像……”。 (3)“It seems＋that从句”，其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句，意为“好像……(用陈述语气)”。 (4)“There＋seems (to be)＋名词”，意为“好像有……”。 4.“That's why...”句型 I guess that's why she attracts so many visitors every day.我猜那就是她每天都能吸引这么多游客的原因吧。 句式分析：本句是that引导宾语从句作guess的宾语；同时宾语从句是主系表结构，其中why引导的是表语从句。That's why ＋ 从句表示“那是……的原因” [知识拓展] (1)This/That is because... 这是……的原因。 (2)The reason why...is that... ……的原因是…… 四．单元短语 1．make an impression on...给……留下印象 2．get a load of...注意，仔细看 3．hold up举起 4．look into往里看；调查 5．reach out to把手伸向，接触 6．be fond of...喜欢…… 7．catch one’s attention吸引某人的注意力 8．in the shape of...呈……的形状 9．throw away扔掉 10．mistake...for...把……错弄成…… 11．lie in在于……；位于…… 12．sing high praises for...高度赞扬…… 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元佳句 1．They really do reach out to us across the centuries as if time itself were nothing.它们确实跨越几个世纪走向我们，仿佛时间本身什么都不是。 2．Its artist，Han Gan，is known for his skill in capturing not only the physical features of the animal，but also its inner spirit and strength. 它的画家——韩干，因能捕捉动物的身体特征以及它们的神韵和力量而出名。 3．While waiting at the gate，Han Gan used a stick to draw pictures in the dirt and was seen by the poet himself. 在大门口等着时，韩干用棍子在土里画画，被诗人(王维)亲眼所见。 4．The more time he spent observing these animals，the more his understanding of them grew. 他观察这些动物的时间越长，他就越了解它们。 六．单元语法 现在进行时的被动语态 [观察例句] 1．And just look at how her dress is being folded by the wind. 2．A new cinema is being built here and they hope to finish it next month. 3．I am being pushed around quite a bit，in fact. 4．Now the machine is being tasted. [归纳用法] 一、现在进行时态的被动语态的构成be(is/am/are)＋being＋done 二、现在进行时态的被动语态的用法 1．表示此时此刻正在进行的被动的动作。 My sister is now being interviewed.我妹妹正在面试。 2．表示现阶段正在进行的被动的动作。 Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days. 这些天正在进行着许多有趣的实验。(说话时，并不一定正在进行) 3．表示反复进行的被动的动作。 always、frequently、 constantly 等和现在进行时的被动语态连用表示反复进行的被动的动作，这种动词形式常用来表示赞扬或厌恶的感情色彩。 I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is frequently being broken. 我感到很吃惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。 三、现在进行时的被动语态的注意要点 1．不可遗漏being 现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行的被动动作，如果漏掉being，则成为一般现在时的被动语态。 Look！The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 瞧！孩子们正由他们的姑妈照看着。 Children are taken good care of at school. 孩子们在学校里被照顾得很好。(一般现在时的被动语态) 2．现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来 现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的被动动作(此种用法仅限于少数及物动词，如hold，take等)。 A party is being held tonight.今晚将要举行一场晚会。 3．现在进行时的被动语态有时也可以转换为“be＋介词(under/in等)＋名词”结构 The problem is being discussed(＝is under discussion)at the meeting.会上正在讨论这个问题。 The telephone is being used(＝is in use)now.这部电话正在使用中。 七．单元写作 描写一件艺术品 本单元的写作项目是描写一件艺术品，属于说明文的范畴。艺术品是具有艺术价值的创意物品，它包括：绘画类、书法类、摄影类、文艺类(音乐、舞蹈、戏剧等)、雕塑类、陶瓷类、传统工艺品以及民间工艺品等等。描述艺术品需要对该艺术品的作者以及创作背景、材质、形状、构造、特点等作客观而准确的说明。用语言文字把该物品形象逼真地呈现在读者面前，同时表达自己对它的喜爱之情。因此写作时要抓住它的特点，以及从中获得的乐趣、启迪或者帮助。 [基本框架] 1．开头(beginning)——作品简介，交代该艺术品的基本信息 2．主体(body)——具体描述，介绍该艺术品的详细信息 3．结尾(ending)——评价并写出自己关于该艺术品的评论 [常用词块] 1．can hardly tear myself away from it爱不释手 2．feel the hardships of the working people感受到了劳动人民的艰辛 3．my favorite artwork我喜欢的艺术品 4．bringing people joy and enjoyment给人们带来欢乐，带来享受 5．symbolize joy and happiness象征快乐和幸福 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1．The craft yacht on my desk is unique in shape and in the national style of Venice，Italy. 在我的书桌上放着的工艺品游艇造型别致且具有意大利威尼斯的民族风格。 2．The work of“Clay Figurine Zhang”is a handicraft of folk coloured sculpture. “泥人张”的作品是民间彩塑的工艺品。 3．My favorite painting is the Eight Horses painting.我最喜欢《八骏图》这幅画了。 ★正文佳句 1．The whole matching of colours is very harmonious.整个色彩的搭配非常协调。 2．Each of the four clay figures looks different and lifelike.四个泥人个个神态各异，栩栩如生。 3．There seemed to be something that surprised him.好像有什么东西让他大吃一惊，不知所措。 ★余味结尾 1．When we see the sand passing by，it's like seeing the two brothers of hour hand and minute hand racing. 每当我们看到沙子的流逝，就好像看到时针和分针两兄弟在赛跑。 2．This horse gives people confidence.Whenever I lose confidence and see it，it immediately gives me confidence. 这匹马让人有了信心。每当我失去了信心，看到它，立即信心十足。 3．It will encourage me to go forward bravely in my study and life. 它将鼓励着我在学习和生活中勇往直前。 例文 《独钓》(Angling Alone)是中国近代著名艺术作品之一，由中国著名画家齐白石所作。请根据所给图画，写一篇80词左右的短文，介绍这一作品。 Angling Alone, drawn by the well­known painter Qi Baishi, is one of the famous contemporary paintings in China. In this picture, we can see huge black mountains in the distance, a wide river at the foot and some bare trees by the riverside. There aren't any leaves on the branches, revealing that it is late in winter. On the river floats a small boat, a fisherman seated silently on one end of the boat. Though it is so cold, the fisherman is still fishing with great attention, hoping to catch some fish to feed his families. The painter described such vivid image that we can feel the atmosphere of coldness and loneliness. Unit 5 What an adventure! 一、核心单词 1．thus adv.因此，从而 2．confirm v．证实，证明 3．attempt n．努力，尝试 4．charge n．主管，负责 5．ahead adv.在前面 6．distinguish v．看清；认出 7．shore n．岸，滨 8．carpet n．地毯 9．broad adj.宽的，阔的 10．beneath prep.在……之下，在……正下方 11．deadline n．最后期限，截止日期 12．decade n．十年 13．decline vt.& vi.婉拒；衰落；减弱 14．decrease vi.减少 15．deliberately adv.故意地 二、单词拓展 1．crowd n．人群→crowded adj.拥挤的 2．failure n．失败→fail v．失败 3．wool n．羊毛，毛织物→woolen adj.羊毛的 4．bleeding n．流血，失血→bleed v．流血→blood n．血 5．injury n．伤，损害→injure v．伤害 6．permit v．允许，准许，许可→permission n．允许，许可 7．astonish v．使吃惊，使惊讶→astonished adj.惊讶的→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 8．surround v．环绕，围绕→surrounding adj.周围的 9．depth n．深，深度→deep adj.深的 adv.在深处；至深处 三、常考单词 1.confirm v．证实，证明 confirmation n． 证实，证明；确认函 confirmed adj. 成习惯的，根深蒂固的，坚定的 confirm to have done sth. 确认已完成某事 2.bring...into focus 使……成为焦点 focus n． 　 焦点；集中点；焦距；中心 　v. (使)集中；聚集 focus sth.on 集中某物于/把某物对准…… focus one's attention/mind/energy on 集中注意力/心思/精力于 3.attempt vt.企图，尝试n.努力，尝试 attempt at doing sth./to do sth. 尝试或努力做某事 make an attempt at doing/to do sth. 尝试或努力做某事 at one's/the first attempt 第一次尝试 4.It is ＋ 过去分词 ＋从句 It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life.目前尚不清楚他是否在遇难前成功登顶珠穆朗玛峰。 句式分析：本句的结构分析如下： (1)if引导的主语从句不能位于句首，只能位于句末，前面需用it作形式主语。if在从句中不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用，意为“是否”。 (2)whether引导主语从句时，可以置于句首，也可放于句末。whether在从句中不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用，意为“是否”。 5.either...or...要么……要么…… either...or...主要用于表示选择，其意为“要么……要么……”“或者……或者……”，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语；连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与其靠近的主语保持一致。除可连接两个词或短语外，有时也可连接两个句子。其否定式可以是not either...or...，也可以是neither...nor...。 四．单元短语 1．bring...into focus使……成为焦点 2．in search of寻找 3．by the end of到……末为止 4．focus on集中注意力于…… 5．figure out弄明白；计算 6．result in导致 7．refer to...as...把……称作…… 8．take risks/a risk冒险 9．up to由……决定 10．along with和……一起 11．in charge主管；掌管 12．look back upon回顾 13．in broad daylight在大白天 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元佳句 1．Vasco da Gama(1460－1524) was a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea. 瓦斯科·达·伽马(1460－1524)是一名葡萄牙探险家，也是第一个从海上到达印度的欧洲人。 2．Once the wound is cleaned and dry，cover it with a bandage. 一旦伤口被清理干净且变干，用绷带包上。 3．Captain Nemo walked in front，one of his men following some steps behind. 尼摩船长走在前面，他的一个手下在后面几步处跟着。 4．Above me was the calm surface of the sea.在我上面是平静的海面。 六．单元语法 过去将来时 [观察例句] 1．I knew Julie would make dinner. 2．I knew John would finish the work by 5：00 p．m. 3．Was Jack going to write a letter to Tom? 4．Would my sister buy a house in that city and settle down? [归纳用法] 一、过去将来时的构成 肯定句 主语＋would＋动词原形＋其他 否定句 主语＋would not＋动词原形 ＋其他 疑问句 Would＋主语＋动词原形＋其他 被动句 would ＋ be ＋ 动词的过去分词(done) 二、过去将来时的用法 过去将来时表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 I thought he wouldn't attend the evening party，but to my surprise，he came. 我原以为他不会参加这个晚会，但是令我惊讶的是，他来了。 I told her I should/would return the book in a few days. 我告诉过她，我将在几天后还书。 三、过去将来时的表示方法 1．“would/should＋动词原形”，would用于所有人称，should只用于第一人称。 She told us that she would not go with us，if it rained. 她告诉我们，如果下雨的话她就不和我们一起去了。 I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天给他打电话问我下周做什么。 2．“was/were going to do”表示过去打算/计划做某事或客观迹象表明要发生的事。 I was going to see Mr. Brown the next day，but the appointment was cancelled. 我本打算第二天去看布朗先生的，但预约被取消了。 I thought it was going to rain because the sky was very dark.我想是要下雨了，因为天色很暗。 3．“was/were about to do”表示过去正要/即将做某事，一般不与时间状语连用。 When I got there they were about to leave.我到那儿的时候他们正要离开。 4．“was/were to do”表示过去计划或安排将要做某事。 He said he was to finish the work in a week.他说他打算一星期后完成这项工作。 She said she was to take up the position.她说她要承担这个职务。 5．“was/were＋doing”表示过去将来时时，仅限于go，come，leave，start，take off等趋向性(短语)动词。 I didn't know they were coming.我并不知道他们要来。 David was leaving for Shanghai in a few days.戴维几天以后要去上海。 七．单元写作 如何写探险类记叙文 本单元的写作项目是描述一次探险或者冒险经历，属于记叙文文体。记叙文有六大要素：时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。探险类文章需要注意重点要放在“探险”上；主人公是有意识地去做的，而不是偶然或者意外发生的事情。另外需要体现探险的意义所在，读过之后能让读者有所启发。通常用过去相关的时态。在文章里要写出自己做了什么，自己看见了什么，以及自己的感受。 [基本框架] 1．开头(beginning)——交代探险发生的时间、地点以及内容； 2．主体(body)——详细说明探险的经过或过程； 3．结尾(ending)——写出对探险的评价以及自己的感受。 [常用词块] 1．save the earth拯救地球 2．take the time machine 乘坐时光机 3．fly past the stars飞过星球 4．be transformed into an insect变成了昆虫 5．be eaten by a monster 被怪物吃掉 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1．When it comes to the adventure story，the Magic School Bus came into my mind first. 一说到冒险故事，我首先想到的就是《神奇校车》。 2．Speaking of the adventure，I experienced once three years ago.说起冒险，我三年前经历了一次。 3．If you want to experience the travel in space, let's read the following story together. 如果你想感受太空旅行，我们一起来读读下面的故事吧。 ★正文佳句 1．We flew through the tunnel and got into the time machine.我们飞跃隧道，进入了时光机器。 2．I was swimming in the sea when a big shark appeared several meters away from me. 我正在海里游泳，突然一条大鲨鱼出现在离我几米远的地方。 3．They jumped into the tree hole and then shrank into a little man of the same size as a mouse. 他们跳入树洞，然后缩成了像一只老鼠大小的小人。 ★余味结尾 1．The little girl came to herself and found she was still sleeping under the tree. 小姑娘苏醒过来，发现自己依然睡在树底下。 2．Till now I still feel frightened at the thought of that adventure.直到现在，一想起那次冒险我依然感到恐惧。 3．The hero in the movie saved the people in trouble and taught me to be kind and helpful to people around me. 电影中的男主角拯救了苦难中的人们，教会我要对周围的人善良，要乐于帮助他们。 例文 As a child, I experienced an adventure when I was a little child. As a naughty boy, I, together with another two boys, was determined to make an adventure into the cave at the back of our village. We were very excited to find some strange stones never seen before and went further into the cave. However, the deeper, the darker. Soon it became completely dark before we realized it, and we couldn't see anything and couldn't find our way back. We felt frightened and burst into tears. Fortunately, my father and some villagers came to find us. We were safe. I am so deeply impressed that I shall never forget it. Unit 6 Disaster and hope 一、核心单词 1．disaster n．灾难，灾祸 2．plus adj.(用于数字后面表示)多，余 3．forecast v．预测，预报 4．grab v．攫取，抓住 5．rescue v．营救，解救 6．billion num.十亿 7．nowhere adv.什么地方都不，无处 8．otherwise adv.否则，要不然 9．midnight n．午夜；子夜 10．property n．所有物，资产，财产 11．shelter n．庇护，掩蔽 12．delighted adj.高兴的，快乐的 13．deserve vt.应受(报答或惩罚)；值得 14．dignity n．尊严；高贵 15．dilemma n．进退两难的困境 16．diploma n．毕业文凭；学位证书 17．direction n．方向；方位 二、单词拓展 1．erupt v．(火山)爆发，喷发→eruption n．爆发 2．immediately adv.即刻，马上→immediate adj.立刻的 3．occur v．发生→occurrence n．发生，出现 4．announcement n．通告，公告→announce v．宣告 5．reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的→rely v．依靠 6．emergency n．紧急情况，不测事件→emergent adj.紧急的；突发的 7．threaten v．威胁到，危及→threat n．威胁；可能带来威胁的人(事) 8．precisely adv.精确地，准确地→precise adj.精确的，准确的 三、常考单词 1.be expected to有望做某事，被期待做某事 expect v． 期望；预料；要求；认为(某事)会发生 expectation n. 期待；预期；前程 expected adj. 预计要发生的，期待中的 2.compare to 与……相比，和……比起来 compare A with/and B　 把A和B加以比较 compare A to B B 把A比作B beyond/without compare 无与伦比的，不可比的 3.It is typical that 从句 一贯如此；做某事是典型的 (1)It＋be＋形容词(possible，obvious，important...)＋that从句 (2)It＋be＋名词短语(a pity，a fact，a wonder，an honour，an idea，no wonder...)＋that从句 (3)It＋be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句 4.now that 引导原因状语从句 英语中原因状语从句引导词还有： (1)because表示直接的原因或理由，表示原因的语气最强。回答以why引导的特殊疑问句，只能用because。意为“因为”。 (2)since表示对方已经知道，无须加以说明的原因或事实，语气比because稍弱。意为“既然”。 (3)as往往表示十分明显的原因，听者或读者已经知道或能看出来，语气较弱，比较口语化。as引导的句子一般放在句首。意为“由于”。 四．单元短语 1．have yet to还没有 2．make it to到达…… 3．look through浏览 4．what’s more而且 5．think about考虑 6．fly off飞走 7．all of a sudden突然；猛地 8．in the open air在户外 9．move on前进 10．blow away吹走 五．单元佳句 1．Now that it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth，perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space... 既然很难避免地球上的灾难，或许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去…… 2．It’s just typical that my journey is one of the oldest lines，as well as the deepest. 我的旅程是在最古老的线路上，也是最深的线路上，这是很典型的。 3．I was sitting in my room with my cat，Smartie，on my lap，when the roof just flew off.我正坐在房间里，我的猫斯玛蒂趴在我的大腿上，这时屋顶飞走了。 4．But Mom said that whatever happens，we should always try to see the good side of things. 但是妈妈说，无论发生什么，我们都应该总是努力看到事情好的一面。 六．单元语法 省略 [观察例句] 1．It is just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines，as well as one of the deepest (lines)． 2．My office is only on the third floor of the building，so (it is) quite low. 3．He is going to his uncle's (house)． 4．(Is there) Anything wrong? 5．Her job is to take care of the elders and (to) wash their clothes. 6．The child wanted to play in the street，but her mother told her not to(play in the street)． 7．— Would you like to come to dinner tonight? — I'd like to (come to dinner tonight)．But I'm too busy. 8．To some smile is very easy，and to others (smile is) so hard. 9．Mary is going to sweep the floor because Alice won't (sweep the floor)． 10．The baby closed his eyes as if (he were) to sleep. [归纳用法] 一、状语从句中的省略 在as if，if，though，when，where，while，no matter what，until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。 When (she was) very young，she began to learn to play the piano.在她很小的时候，她就开始学弹钢琴。 Don't come in until(you are) asked to.不叫你时，请你不要进来。 He did as(he had been) told.他按照被告知的那样去做了。 Though(they were)tired，they went on working.虽然他们累了，但他们仍继续工作。 二、动词不定式的省略 1．感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定式时，不定式省略to。 They made the boy go to bed early.他们强迫这个男孩早睡。 2．do nothing but，can't help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。 We didn't do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.昨天，我们没做任何事，只是在家看电视。 3．在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时要保留be和have。 My parents encouraged me to go to college，but I didn't want to. 我父母鼓励我去上大学，但我不想去。 —Are you a teacher?——你是老师吗？ —No，but I used to be(a teacher)．——不，但我以前是。 三、简单句中的省略 感叹句中常省略主语和谓语；在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。 What a hot day(it is)！多热的天啊！ How wonderful (it is)！多精彩啊！ —(Will you)Have a smoke?——你抽烟吗？ —No.Thanks.——不。谢谢。 We have nothing to do now but wait.我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。 Why (do you) talk so much about it?关于这件事为什么说这么多呢？ 四、并列句中的省略 1．如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分。 2．主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则两者均可以省略。 3．主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。 4．在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其他一些成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。 John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 约翰一定在踢球，而玛丽一定在做作业。 Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while，but (he)soon returned to his old ways. 老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。 五、常用的省略结构 [名师点津] 省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息而省略句中的一个或者几个句子成分并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略和替代一样，也是避免重复、突出关键词语并使上下文紧密连接。只要不损害语法结构或产生歧义，能省略就应省略。尤其在对话中，它是一种普遍的现象，因为它有助于语言上的简洁。所涉及的省略情况一般有：词的省略、句子成分的省略、多个成分的同时省略等。 七．单元写作 安全指南类说明文的写作 本单元的写作项目是写安全指南类的书面表达，属于说明文的范畴。这类表达要求根据可能遇到的危险的内容有针对性地写出遇险时的安全指导。注意写作的主题时态通常以一般现在时为主；语言要精炼，思路要清晰，适当运用祈使句。 [基本框架] 1．开头(beginning)——写作的背景及目的，分析遇到的危险 2．主体1(body 1)——介绍危险来临前的各种准备 3．主体2(body 2)——危险中的各种应对措施 4．主体3(body 3)——写出危险中不应该做的 [常用词块] 1．Organize personnel protection组织人员防护 2．Move to a safe place转移到安全地带 3．Avoid walking on banks and bridges避免在岸边和桥上行走 4．Pay attention when walking in water.在积水中行走要注意观察。 5．Get off the high hill从高山上下来 6．don't climb the trees when there is lightning闪电时不要爬树 7．Cover your mouth and nose with wet clothes or towel用湿的衣物或毛巾捂住口鼻 8．Hold your head quickly迅速抱住头部 9．Send the poisoned or burned person to hospital将中毒或烧伤人员送医院救治 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1．If you are trapped in the flood what will you do to help yourself? 如果你被困在洪水中，你该怎么做来自救？ 2．If you find somewhere around you is on fire，how will you escape safely? 如果你发现周围的某个地方着火了，你怎么安全逃生？ 3．When there is an earthquake，you must obey the following rules to keep yourself safe. 如果发生地震，你必须遵循以下规则来保证自己的安全。 ★正文佳句 1．Attention should be paid to prevent smoke poisoning，prevent suffocation. 要注意防止烟雾中毒，预防窒息。 2．When opening a room door，touch the door with the back of your hand first，see whether it is hot. 开房间门时，先用手背接触房门，看是否发热。 3．When you can't escape，don't hide in the attic or closet. 当无路可逃时，不要藏在顶楼或者壁橱等地方。 4．Learn more self­rescue common sense in advance.提前学会更多的自救常识。 ★余味结尾 1．Helping those who are in need is making a great difference.帮助需要帮助的人让这个世界大不同。 2．Keep in mind that you should keep calm and don't panic.要记住保持冷静不要慌乱。 例文 地震是常见的自然灾害。请你写一篇安全指南类说明文，告诉大家在地震发生的时候，如何有效地保护自己。 要点包括：1.交代背景及目的；2.具体的建议。 要求：词数80左右。 Earthquake Safety Guidelines As we all know, earthquakes frequently occur on earth. It is important to keep in mind some useful tips when earthquakes break out so that you can protect yourselves from possible injuries. Things to do during an earthquake： Run down the stairs and get to safe ground as quickly as possible. If you cannot leave the room immediately hide yourself under a table or something solid in the corner of the room. Things not to do during an earthquake： It's important not to take the lift. Remember not to stay in your car. 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1． money，I have no choice but to give up the plan. 2．He his clothes in a neat pile on the chair and went out. 3．Being always well-dressed，our English teacher is an woman. 4．The (针) pierced(刺破) her finger while she was doing some sewing. 5．Tom’s wife is an artist，so you can always see her in art (展览)． 6．Before he died，he had a large quantity of alcohol. 7．In the (拥挤的) city，my father prefers walking to taking a bus. 8．I need to hire a new (仆人)，because the last one was not good enough. 9．As far as I am concerned，it is hard to judge the (界限) between love and friendship. 10．The foreigner made an to make himself understood by the local people，but failed. 11．It is an area where natural (灾难) often happen. 12．It was said that the volcano could (爆发) at any time. 13．The accident which happened yesterday more than 20 lives. 14．The terrible accident in this street the other day. 15．One of the men suddenly reached out a hand and my arm. 【答案】1.Lacking 2.folded 3.elegant 4.needle5.exhibitions6.consumed 7.crowded8.servant9.border10.attempt 11.disasters12.erupt13.claimed 14.occurred 15.grabbed 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1．With prices rising all the time，he could (bare) make ends meet. 2．Mr Brown was old，but he could consume (load) of food each day. 3．The speaker gave us a (stimulate) speech，which inspired us a lot. 4．This (sculpture) is very talented；in addition，I admire his personality. 5．The picture (vivid) describes a very common phenomenon in our society. 6．Stop doing it，or you’ll do yourself an (injure)． 7．Determining where we are in relation to our (surround) remains an essential skill for our survival. 8．I felt greatly (thrill) when I met my favorite author in person. 9．I strongly believe you can deal with the (relate) between study and relaxation. 10．I had (initial) hoped that I could become a writer writing science fictions. 11．The young man is (rely) so you can depend on him. 12．He would not make a (threaten) that he wasn’t prepared to carry out the plan. 13．After our business failed，we were in (precise) the same position as before. 14．These children with disability must be looked after with (exception) care. 15．She recovered (sufficient) to accompany Chou on his tour of Africa. 【答案】1.barely2.loads3.stimulating4.sculptor5.vividly 6.injury7.surroundings8.thrilled9.relation10.initially 11.reliable12.threat13.precisely14.exceptional15.sufficiently 三、完成句子。 1．那天晚上他确实让老师和父母失望了。(强调谓语动词) He that night. 2．我的英语老师不但对我们要求严格，而且充满了爱。(not only...but also...) My English teacher is . 3．必要时你可以给我打电话。(状语从句的省略) You may give me a call . 4．一般来说，你越是自信，就越容易达成目标。(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...) Generally speaking， you are， it is to reach your goal. 5．中国已经成为第一个将航天器降落到月球背面的国家。(the＋序数词＋to do) China has become a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. 6．一旦你放弃了他，他就没有成功的可能了。(once) ，there is no chance for him to succeed. 7．教授正坐在那里，一些学生围着他。(独立主格结构) The professor is sitting there， . 8．在我的面前站着一头狼，盯着我看。(完全倒装) , staring at me. 9．既然你已经列出了你的优点，那就列出你的缺点吧。 ，list your imperfections. 10．一旦被抓到在商场偷盗，你将会被惩罚。(省略) , you will be punished. 11．他正在修他的自行车，这时他听到有东西正在靠近他。(be doing...when...) he heard something was approaching him. 12．不管是什么，结果都是对最纯正的中亚传统的精妙生动的描述。(whatever) ，the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. 【答案】1．did let his teacher and his parents down 2．not only strict with us but also full of love. 3．when necessary. 4．the more confident，the easier 5．the first country to land 6．Once you have given him up 7．some students surrounding him. 8．In front of me stood a wolf 9．Now that you’ve listed your strengths 10．Once caught stealing in the supermarket 11．He was repairing his bike when 12．Whatever it is $专题03 必修第三册Unit4~Unit6单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 4 Amazing art Unit 5 What an adventure! 一．核心单词 15个核心单词背默 一．核心单词 15个核心单词背默 二．单词拓展 8个单词拓展背默 二．单词拓展 9个单词拓展背默 三．常考单词 4个常考单词解析 三．常考单词 5个常考单词解析 四．单元短语 12个单元短语背默 四．单元短语 13个单元短语背默 五．单元佳句 4个单元佳句背默 五．单元佳句 4个单元佳句背默 六．单元语法 现在进行时的被动语态 六．单元语法 过去将来时 七．单元写作 描写一件艺术品 七．单元写作 探险类记叙文 Unit 6 Disaster and hope 一．核心单词 17个核心单词背默 二．单词拓展 8个单词拓展背默 三．常考单词 4个常考单词解析 四．单元短语 10个单元短语背默 五．单元佳句 4个单元佳句背默 六．单元语法 省略 七．单元写作 安全指南说明文 Unit 4 Amazing art 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1． n．广播节目，电视节目 2． adj.喜爱的 3． n．某物的量 4． n．战斗，战役 5． v．折起 6． n．社区，街坊 7． v．刻(图形或字母) 8． v．没有，缺乏 9． v．资助 10． n．(色彩的)浓淡，深浅，色度 11．conventional adj. 12．controversial adj. 13．conversation n． 14．convince vt. 15．convincing adj. 二、单词拓展 1．greet v．问候，迎接，招呼→ n．招呼，问候 2．exhibition n．展出，展览→ v．展出，展览 3．vividly adv.生动地→ adj.生动的 4．elegant adj.高雅的，优美的→ n．优雅 5．stimulate v．刺激，促使，促进→ n．刺激 6．bare v．使暴露，露出 adj.裸露的；空的→ adv.仅仅；几乎没有 7．frequent adj.经常发生的，频繁的→ adv.频繁地 8．mostly adv.大部分；主要地→ pron.大多数 adv.最；非常；极其 三、常考单词 1.imagine vt.想象；设想 imagine＋ 2.be made of...由……制成 be made from... be made up of be made into... 3.seem to be doing (1)主语＋seem ＋ 不定式结构有时态和语态的变化。 seem＋to do/to have done/to be doing，意为“好像要做……/已经做了……/正在做……”。 (2)“主语＋seem＋(to be)＋表语”结构，表语多为名词、形容词、分词、介词短语等，以说明主语的特征或状态，意为“好像……”。 (3)“It seems＋that从句”，其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句，意为“好像……(用陈述语气)”。 (4)“There＋seems (to be)＋名词”，意为“好像有……”。 4.“That's why...”句型 I guess that's why she attracts so many visitors every day.我猜那就是她每天都能吸引这么多游客的原因吧。 句式分析：本句是that引导宾语从句作guess的宾语；同时宾语从句是主系表结构，其中why引导的是表语从句。That's why ＋ 从句表示“那是……的原因” [知识拓展] (1)This/That is because... (2)The reason why...is that... 四．单元短语 1．make an on...给……留下印象 2．get a of...注意，仔细看 3． up举起 4．look 往里看；调查 5． out to把手伸向，接触 6．be of...喜欢…… 7．catch one’s 吸引某人的注意力 8．in the of...呈……的形状 9．throw 扔掉 10． ...for...把……错弄成…… 11．lie 在于……；位于…… 12． high praises for...高度赞扬…… 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元佳句 1．They really across the centuries as if time itself were nothing.它们确实跨越几个世纪走向我们，仿佛时间本身什么都不是。 2．Its artist，Han Gan，is known for his skill in capturing its inner spirit and strength. 它的画家——韩干，因能捕捉动物的身体特征以及它们的神韵和力量而出名。 3． ，Han Gan used a stick to draw pictures in the dirt and was seen by the poet himself. 在大门口等着时，韩干用棍子在土里画画，被诗人(王维)亲眼所见。 4． he spent observing these animals， his understanding of them grew. 他观察这些动物的时间越长，他就越了解它们。 六．单元语法 现在进行时的被动语态 [观察例句] 1．And just look at how her dress is being folded by the wind. 2．A new cinema is being built here and they hope to finish it next month. 3．I am being pushed around quite a bit，in fact. 4．Now the machine is being tasted. [归纳用法] 一、现在进行时态的被动语态的构成be(is/am/are)＋being＋done 二、现在进行时态的被动语态的用法 1．表示此时此刻正在进行的被动的动作。 My sister .我妹妹正在面试。 2．表示现阶段正在进行的被动的动作。 Many interesting experiments these days. 这些天正在进行着许多有趣的实验。(说话时，并不一定正在进行) 3．表示反复进行的被动的动作。 always、frequently、 constantly 等和现在进行时的被动语态连用表示反复进行的被动的动作，这种动词形式常用来表示赞扬或厌恶的感情色彩。 I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom . 我感到很吃惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。 三、现在进行时的被动语态的注意要点 1．不可遗漏being 现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行的被动动作，如果漏掉being，则成为一般现在时的被动语态。 Look！The children by their aunt. 瞧！孩子们正由他们的姑妈照看着。 Children at school. 孩子们在学校里被照顾得很好。(一般现在时的被动语态) 2．现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来 现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的被动动作(此种用法仅限于少数及物动词，如hold，take等)。 A party tonight.今晚将要举行一场晚会。 3．现在进行时的被动语态有时也可以转换为“be＋介词(under/in等)＋名词”结构 The problem (＝is under discussion)at the meeting.会上正在讨论这个问题。 The telephone (＝is in use)now.这部电话正在使用中。 七．单元写作 描写一件艺术品 本单元的写作项目是描写一件艺术品，属于说明文的范畴。艺术品是具有艺术价值的创意物品，它包括：绘画类、书法类、摄影类、文艺类(音乐、舞蹈、戏剧等)、雕塑类、陶瓷类、传统工艺品以及民间工艺品等等。描述艺术品需要对该艺术品的作者以及创作背景、材质、形状、构造、特点等作客观而准确的说明。用语言文字把该物品形象逼真地呈现在读者面前，同时表达自己对它的喜爱之情。因此写作时要抓住它的特点，以及从中获得的乐趣、启迪或者帮助。 [基本框架] 1．开头(beginning)——作品简介，交代该艺术品的基本信息 2．主体(body)——具体描述，介绍该艺术品的详细信息 3．结尾(ending)——评价并写出自己关于该艺术品的评论 [常用词块] 1．can hardly tear myself away from it爱不释手 2．feel the hardships of the working people感受到了劳动人民的艰辛 3．my favorite artwork我喜欢的艺术品 4．bringing people joy and enjoyment给人们带来欢乐，带来享受 5．symbolize joy and happiness象征快乐和幸福 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1．The craft yacht on my desk is of Venice，Italy. 在我的书桌上放着的工艺品游艇造型别致且具有意大利威尼斯的民族风格。 2．The work of“Clay Figurine Zhang”is . “泥人张”的作品是民间彩塑的工艺品。 3． is the Eight Horses painting.我最喜欢《八骏图》这幅画了。 ★正文佳句 1．The matching of colours is very .整个色彩的搭配非常协调。 2．Each of the four clay figures .四个泥人个个神态各异，栩栩如生。 3．There to be something that him.好像有什么东西让他大吃一惊，不知所措。 ★余味结尾 1．When we see the sand by，it's like seeing the two brothers of hour hand and minute hand racing. 每当我们看到沙子的流逝，就好像看到时针和分针两兄弟在赛跑。 2．This horse gives people .Whenever I lose and see it，it immediately gives me confidence. 这匹马让人有了信心。每当我失去了信心，看到它，立即信心十足。 3．It will me to go bravely in my study and life. 它将鼓励着我在学习和生活中勇往直前。 例文 《独钓》(Angling Alone)是中国近代著名艺术作品之一，由中国著名画家齐白石所作。请根据所给图画，写一篇80词左右的短文，介绍这一作品。 Angling Alone, drawn by the well­known painter Qi Baishi, is one of the famous contemporary paintings in China. The painter described such vivid image that we can feel the atmosphere of coldness and loneliness. Unit 5 What an adventure! 一、核心单词 1． adv.因此，从而 2． v．证实，证明 3． n．努力，尝试 4． n．主管，负责 5． adv.在前面 6． v．看清；认出 7． n．岸，滨 8． n．地毯 9． adj.宽的，阔的 10． prep.在……之下，在……正下方 11．deadline n． 12．decade n． 13．decline vt.& vi. 14．decrease vi. 15．deliberately adv. 二、单词拓展 1．crowd n．人群→ adj.拥挤的 2．failure n．失败→ v．失败 3．wool n．羊毛，毛织物→ adj.羊毛的 4．bleeding n．流血，失血→ v．流血→ n．血 5．injury n．伤，损害→ v．伤害 6．permit v．允许，准许，许可→ n．允许，许可 7．astonish v．使吃惊，使惊讶→ adj.惊讶的→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 8．surround v．环绕，围绕→ adj.周围的 9．depth n．深，深度→ adj.深的 adv.在深处；至深处 三、常考单词 1.confirm v．证实，证明 confirmation n． confirmed adj. confirm to have done sth. 2.bring...into focus 使……成为焦点 focus n． 　 　v. focus sth.on focus one's attention/mind/energy on 3.attempt vt.企图，尝试n.努力，尝试 attempt at doing sth./to do sth. make an attempt at doing/to do sth. at one's/the first attempt 4.It is ＋ 过去分词 ＋从句 It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life.目前尚不清楚他是否在遇难前成功登顶珠穆朗玛峰。 句式分析：本句的结构分析如下： (1)if引导的主语从句不能位于句首，只能位于句末，前面需用it作形式主语。if在从句中不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用，意为“是否”。 (2)whether引导主语从句时，可以置于句首，也可放于句末。whether在从句中不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用，意为“是否”。 5.either...or...要么……要么…… either...or...主要用于表示选择，其意为“要么……要么……”“或者……或者……”，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语；连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与其靠近的主语保持一致。除可连接两个词或短语外，有时也可连接两个句子。其否定式可以是not either...or...，也可以是neither...nor...。 四．单元短语 1．bring...into 使……成为焦点 2．in of寻找 3． the end of到……末为止 4． on集中注意力于…… 5． out弄明白；计算 6．result 导致 7． to...as...把……称作…… 8．take 冒险 9．u to由……决定 10． with和……一起 11．in 主管；掌管 12．look back 回顾 13．in broad 在大白天 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元佳句 1．Vasco da Gama(1460－1524) was a Portuguese explorer and by sea. 瓦斯科·达·伽马(1460－1524)是一名葡萄牙探险家，也是第一个从海上到达印度的欧洲人。 2． ，cover it with a bandage. 一旦伤口被清理干净且变干，用绷带包上。 3．Captain Nemo walked in front， . 尼摩船长走在前面，他的一个手下在后面几步处跟着。 4． the calm surface of the sea.在我上面是平静的海面。 六．单元语法 过去将来时 [观察例句] 1．I knew Julie would make dinner. 2．I knew John would finish the work by 5：00 p．m. 3．Was Jack going to write a letter to Tom? 4．Would my sister buy a house in that city and settle down? [归纳用法] 一、过去将来时的构成 肯定句 主语＋would＋动词原形＋其他 否定句 主语＋would not＋动词原形 ＋其他 疑问句 Would＋主语＋动词原形＋其他 被动句 would ＋ be ＋ 动词的过去分词(done) 二、过去将来时的用法 过去将来时表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 I thought he the evening party，but to my surprise，he came. 我原以为他不会参加这个晚会，但是令我惊讶的是，他来了。 I told her I the book in a few days. 我告诉过她，我将在几天后还书。 三、过去将来时的表示方法 1．“would/should＋动词原形”，would用于所有人称，should只用于第一人称。 She told us that she not go with us，if it rained. 她告诉我们，如果下雨的话她就不和我们一起去了。 I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I do next week. 我昨天给他打电话问我下周做什么。 2．“was/were going to do”表示过去打算/计划做某事或客观迹象表明要发生的事。 I see Mr. Brown the next day，but the appointment was cancelled. 我本打算第二天去看布朗先生的，但预约被取消了。 I thought it rain because the sky was very dark.我想是要下雨了，因为天色很暗。 3．“was/were about to do”表示过去正要/即将做某事，一般不与时间状语连用。 When I got there they leave.我到那儿的时候他们正要离开。 4．“was/were to do”表示过去计划或安排将要做某事。 He said he finish the work in a week.他说他打算一星期后完成这项工作。 She said she take up the position.她说她要承担这个职务。 5．“was/were＋doing”表示过去将来时时，仅限于go，come，leave，start，take off等趋向性(短语)动词。 I didn't know they .我并不知道他们要来。 David Shanghai in a few days.戴维几天以后要去上海。 七．单元写作 如何写探险类记叙文 本单元的写作项目是描述一次探险或者冒险经历，属于记叙文文体。记叙文有六大要素：时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。探险类文章需要注意重点要放在“探险”上；主人公是有意识地去做的，而不是偶然或者意外发生的事情。另外需要体现探险的意义所在，读过之后能让读者有所启发。通常用过去相关的时态。在文章里要写出自己做了什么，自己看见了什么，以及自己的感受。 [基本框架] 1．开头(beginning)——交代探险发生的时间、地点以及内容； 2．主体(body)——详细说明探险的经过或过程； 3．结尾(ending)——写出对探险的评价以及自己的感受。 [常用词块] 1．save the earth拯救地球 2．take the time machine 乘坐时光机 3．fly past the stars飞过星球 4．be transformed into an insect变成了昆虫 5．be eaten by a monster 被怪物吃掉 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1．When it comes to the story，the Magic School Bus came into my first. 一说到冒险故事，我首先想到的就是《神奇校车》。 2．Speaking of the ，I once three years ago.说起冒险，我三年前经历了一次。 3．If you want to the travel in space, let's read the following story together. 如果你想感受太空旅行，我们一起来读读下面的故事吧。 ★正文佳句 1．We through the tunnel and into the time machine.我们飞跃隧道，进入了时光机器。 2．I was in the sea when a big shark several meters away from me. 我正在海里游泳，突然一条大鲨鱼出现在离我几米远的地方。 3．They into the tree hole and then shrank into a little man of the same size as a mouse. 他们跳入树洞，然后缩成了像一只老鼠大小的小人。 ★余味结尾 1．The little girl to herself found she was still under the tree. 小姑娘苏醒过来，发现自己依然睡在树底下。 2．Till now I still feel at the of that adventure.直到现在，一想起那次冒险我依然感到恐惧。 3．The hero in the movie the people in and taught me to be kind and helpful to people around me. 电影中的男主角拯救了苦难中的人们，教会我要对周围的人善良，要乐于帮助他们。 例文 As a child, I experienced an adventure when I was a little child. Fortunately, my father and some villagers came to find us. We were safe. I am so deeply impressed that I shall never forget it. Unit 6 Disaster and hope 一、核心单词 1． n．灾难，灾祸 2． adj.(用于数字后面表示)多，余 3． v．预测，预报 4． v．攫取，抓住 5． v．营救，解救 6． num.十亿 7． adv.什么地方都不，无处 8． adv.否则，要不然 9． n．午夜；子夜 10． n．所有物，资产，财产 11． n．庇护，掩蔽 12．delighted adj. 13．deserve vt. 14．dignity n． 15．dilemma n． 16．diploma n． 17．direction n． 二、单词拓展 1．erupt v．(火山)爆发，喷发→ n．爆发 2．immediately adv.即刻，马上→ adj.立刻的 3．occur v．发生→ n．发生，出现 4．announcement n．通告，公告→ v．宣告 5．reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的→ v．依靠 6．emergency n．紧急情况，不测事件→ adj.紧急的；突发的 7．threaten v．威胁到，危及→ n．威胁；可能带来威胁的人(事) 8．precisely adv.精确地，准确地→ adj.精确的，准确的 三、常考单词 1.be expected to有望做某事，被期待做某事 expect v． expectation n. expected adj. 2.compare to 与……相比，和……比起来 compare A with/and B　 compare A to B B beyond/without compare 3.It is typical that 从句 一贯如此；做某事是典型的 (1)It＋be＋形容词(possible，obvious，important...)＋that从句 (2)It＋be＋名词短语(a pity，a fact，a wonder，an honour，an idea，no wonder...)＋that从句 (3)It＋be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句 4.now that 引导原因状语从句 英语中原因状语从句引导词还有： (1)because表示直接的原因或理由，表示原因的语气最强。回答以why引导的特殊疑问句，只能用because。意为“因为”。 (2)since表示对方已经知道，无须加以说明的原因或事实，语气比because稍弱。意为“既然”。 (3)as往往表示十分明显的原因，听者或读者已经知道或能看出来，语气较弱，比较口语化。as引导的句子一般放在句首。意为“由于”。 四．单元短语 1．have to还没有 2． it to到达…… 3．look 浏览 4．what’s 而且 5．think 考虑 6．fly 飞走 7．all of a 突然；猛地 8．in the air在户外 9．move 前进 10． away吹走 五．单元佳句 1． ，perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space... 既然很难避免地球上的灾难，或许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去…… 2．It’s just typical that my journey is one of the oldest lines，as well as . 我的旅程是在最古老的线路上，也是最深的线路上，这是很典型的。 3．I in my room with my cat，Smartie，on my lap， the roof just flew off.我正坐在房间里，我的猫斯玛蒂趴在我的大腿上，这时屋顶飞走了。 4．But Mom said that ，we should always try to see the good side of things. 但是妈妈说，无论发生什么，我们都应该总是努力看到事情好的一面。 六．单元语法 省略 [观察例句] 1．It is just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines，as well as one of the deepest (lines)． 2．My office is only on the third floor of the building，so (it is) quite low. 3．He is going to his uncle's (house)． 4．(Is there) Anything wrong? 5．Her job is to take care of the elders and (to) wash their clothes. 6．The child wanted to play in the street，but her mother told her not to(play in the street)． 7．— Would you like to come to dinner tonight? — I'd like to (come to dinner tonight)．But I'm too busy. 8．To some smile is very easy，and to others (smile is) so hard. 9．Mary is going to sweep the floor because Alice won't (sweep the floor)． 10．The baby closed his eyes as if (he were) to sleep. [归纳用法] 一、状语从句中的省略 在as if，if，though，when，where，while，no matter what，until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。 ，she began to learn to play the piano.在她很小的时候，她就开始学弹钢琴。 Don't come in .不叫你时，请你不要进来。 He did .他按照被告知的那样去做了。 ，they went on working.虽然他们累了，但他们仍继续工作。 二、动词不定式的省略 1．感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定式时，不定式省略to。 They to bed early.他们强迫这个男孩早睡。 2．do nothing but，can't help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。 We at home watching TV yesterday.昨天，我们没做任何事，只是在家看电视。 3．在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时要保留be和have。 My parents encouraged me to go to college，but I didn't . 我父母鼓励我去上大学，但我不想去。 —Are you a teacher?——你是老师吗？ —No，but I used ．——不，但我以前是。 三、简单句中的省略 感叹句中常省略主语和谓语；在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。 What a hot day ！多热的天啊！ How wonderful ！多精彩啊！ — Have a smoke?——你抽烟吗？ —No.Thanks.——不。谢谢。 We have nothing to do now .我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。 Why talk so much about it?关于这件事为什么说这么多呢？ 四、并列句中的省略 1．如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分。 2．主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则两者均可以省略。 3．主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。 4．在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其他一些成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。 John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 约翰一定在踢球，而玛丽一定在做作业。 Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while，but (he)soon returned to his old ways. 老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。 五、常用的省略结构 [名师点津] 省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息而省略句中的一个或者几个句子成分并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略和替代一样，也是避免重复、突出关键词语并使上下文紧密连接。只要不损害语法结构或产生歧义，能省略就应省略。尤其在对话中，它是一种普遍的现象，因为它有助于语言上的简洁。所涉及的省略情况一般有：词的省略、句子成分的省略、多个成分的同时省略等。 七．单元写作 安全指南类说明文的写作 本单元的写作项目是写安全指南类的书面表达，属于说明文的范畴。这类表达要求根据可能遇到的危险的内容有针对性地写出遇险时的安全指导。注意写作的主题时态通常以一般现在时为主；语言要精炼，思路要清晰，适当运用祈使句。 [基本框架] 1．开头(beginning)——写作的背景及目的，分析遇到的危险 2．主体1(body 1)——介绍危险来临前的各种准备 3．主体2(body 2)——危险中的各种应对措施 4．主体3(body 3)——写出危险中不应该做的 [常用词块] 1．Organize personnel protection组织人员防护 2．Move to a safe place转移到安全地带 3．Avoid walking on banks and bridges避免在岸边和桥上行走 4．Pay attention when walking in water.在积水中行走要注意观察。 5．Get off the high hill从高山上下来 6．don't climb the trees when there is lightning闪电时不要爬树 7．Cover your mouth and nose with wet clothes or towel用湿的衣物或毛巾捂住口鼻 8．Hold your head quickly迅速抱住头部 9．Send the poisoned or burned person to hospital将中毒或烧伤人员送医院救治 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1．If you are in the flood what will you do to yourself? 如果你被困在洪水中，你该怎么做来自救？ 2．If you find somewhere you is on fire，how will you safely? 如果你发现周围的某个地方着火了，你怎么安全逃生？ 3．When there is an ，you must obey the rules to keep yourself safe. 如果发生地震，你必须遵循以下规则来保证自己的安全。 ★正文佳句 1． should be paid to smoke poisoning，prevent suffocation. 要注意防止烟雾中毒，预防窒息。 2．When a room door， the door with the back of your hand first，see whether it is hot. 开房间门时，先用手背接触房门，看是否发热。 3．When you can't ，don't in the attic or closet. 当无路可逃时，不要藏在顶楼或者壁橱等地方。 4．Learn more self­rescue sense in .提前学会更多的自救常识。 ★余味结尾 1． those who are in need is making a great .帮助需要帮助的人让这个世界大不同。 2．Keep in that you should keep and don't panic.要记住保持冷静不要慌乱。 例文 地震是常见的自然灾害。请你写一篇安全指南类说明文，告诉大家在地震发生的时候，如何有效地保护自己。 要点包括：1.交代背景及目的；2.具体的建议。 要求：词数80左右。 Earthquake Safety Guidelines As we all know, earthquakes frequently occur on earth. It is important to keep in mind some useful tips when earthquakes break out so that you can protect yourselves from possible injuries. Remember not to stay in your car. 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1． money，I have no choice but to give up the plan. 2．He his clothes in a neat pile on the chair and went out. 3．Being always well-dressed，our English teacher is an woman. 4．The (针) pierced(刺破) her finger while she was doing some sewing. 5．Tom’s wife is an artist，so you can always see her in art (展览)． 6．Before he died，he had a large quantity of alcohol. 7．In the (拥挤的) city，my father prefers walking to taking a bus. 8．I need to hire a new (仆人)，because the last one was not good enough. 9．As far as I am concerned，it is hard to judge the (界限) between love and friendship. 10．The foreigner made an to make himself understood by the local people，but failed. 11．It is an area where natural (灾难) often happen. 12．It was said that the volcano could (爆发) at any time. 13．The accident which happened yesterday more than 20 lives. 14．The terrible accident in this street the other day. 15．One of the men suddenly reached out a hand and my arm. 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1．With prices rising all the time，he could (bare) make ends meet. 2．Mr Brown was old，but he could consume (load) of food each day. 3．The speaker gave us a (stimulate) speech，which inspired us a lot. 4．This (sculpture) is very talented；in addition，I admire his personality. 5．The picture (vivid) describes a very common phenomenon in our society. 6．Stop doing it，or you’ll do yourself an (injure)． 7．Determining where we are in relation to our (surround) remains an essential skill for our survival. 8．I felt greatly (thrill) when I met my favorite author in person. 9．I strongly believe you can deal with the (relate) between study and relaxation. 10．I had (initial) hoped that I could become a writer writing science fictions. 11．The young man is (rely) so you can depend on him. 12．He would not make a (threaten) that he wasn’t prepared to carry out the plan. 13．After our business failed，we were in (precise) the same position as before. 14．These children with disability must be looked after with (exception) care. 15．She recovered (sufficient) to accompany Chou on his tour of Africa. 三、完成句子。 1．那天晚上他确实让老师和父母失望了。(强调谓语动词) He that night. 2．我的英语老师不但对我们要求严格，而且充满了爱。(not only...but also...) My English teacher is . 3．必要时你可以给我打电话。(状语从句的省略) You may give me a call . 4．一般来说，你越是自信，就越容易达成目标。(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...) Generally speaking， you are， it is to reach your goal. 5．中国已经成为第一个将航天器降落到月球背面的国家。(the＋序数词＋to do) China has become a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. 6．一旦你放弃了他，他就没有成功的可能了。(once) ，there is no chance for him to succeed. 7．教授正坐在那里，一些学生围着他。(独立主格结构) The professor is sitting there， . 8．在我的面前站着一头狼，盯着我看。(完全倒装) , staring at me. 9．既然你已经列出了你的优点，那就列出你的缺点吧。 ，list your imperfections. 10．一旦被抓到在商场偷盗，你将会被惩罚。(省略) , you will be punished. 11．他正在修他的自行车，这时他听到有东西正在靠近他。(be doing...when...) he heard something was approaching him. 12．不管是什么，结果都是对最纯正的中亚传统的精妙生动的描述。(whatever) ，the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. $