专题03 必修第三册Unit4～Unit6（期末复习讲义）高一英语下学期外研版

专题03 必修第三册Unit4~Unit6（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 掌握必修第三册Unit4~Unit6 中28个重点词句的用法 复习难点： 掌握必修第三册Unit4~Unit6 中3个重点语法知识 1.现在进行时的被动语态 2.过去将来时 3.省略 考情规律 语境运用：侧重在具体语境中的选择，以及短语的搭配（完形填空、语法填空题中）。 知识点1 load n.某物的量;负载;工作量;大量 v.(把大量……)装上,装入;承载,装载 ①a load/　loads    of 许多,大量 ②get a load of    (用以让人)看,听 ③take a load off one's 　mind   使某人如释重负 ④load A 　with B 用A装载B ⑤load sth.　onto   /into... 把某物装入…… 例As we are going to bid farewell to middle school, we are considering how to deal with used reference books. 在我们即将告别中学的时候,我们正在考虑如何处理大量的二手参考书。 Mike, get this: our friend Frank is being interviewed by the TV station right now! 迈克,看这个,我们的朋友弗兰克现在正在接受电视台的采访! The good news that I passed the exam took a load my mind.我通过考试的好消息使我如释重负。 It took the workers an hour to load the with the goods.=It took the workers an hour to load the goods onto the lorry.工人们花了一个小时才把货物装上卡车。 ①loaded adj.装载的;满载而沉重的 be loaded with...满载着…… 例The ship is loaded rice.轮船满载着大米。 ②unload vt.卸下;推卸 ③upload vt.上传 ④download vt.下载 知识点2 battle n.战斗,战役;奋斗,斗争 v.斗争;搏斗 ①in  battle在战斗中;在战争中 ②a battle with/against   ...与……的斗争/抗争 ③battle with/against sb./sth.for  sth.为了……与……斗争/搏斗 例Unfortunately, her son was killed battle.不幸的是,她的儿子在战斗中牺牲了。 The brave girl always has a positive attitude in her battle cancer.这个勇敢的女孩在与癌症的斗争中总是抱着积极的态度。 They battled the enemies for their country's independence.为了祖国的独立,他们与敌人抗争。 易混辨析 war 指战争的总称,一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。 We have had two world wars in the twentieth century. 我们在二十世纪经历了两次世界大战。 battle 侧重指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗,也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区的战斗,或个人之间的争斗。 Many soldiers perish in battle.许多士兵死于战斗。 fight 普通用词,含义广,指战斗、斗争或打斗。 His whole life is a fight against poverty and unemployment. 他的一生是与贫苦和失业斗争的一生。 struggle 指长时间、激烈的争斗,多指肉体、精神上的战斗。 His life was a hard struggle with sickness. 他的一生都在跟疾病作艰苦的斗争。 知识点3 fold v.折起,对折,折叠 n.褶;褶层;折痕 ①fold...　up   将……折叠起来 ②fold sth. in two/in half把某物对折 ③fold one's 　arms    双臂交叉在胸前 ④fold one's hands十指交叉合拢交叠 例She folded the letter and put it into the envelope.她把信折起来,然后把它放进了信封。 Her eyes narrowed as she her arms, waiting for his explanation.她眯着眼睛,将双臂交叉在胸前,等待他的解释。  unfold v.(使)展开,打开;(使)逐渐展现,展示,透露 例He the letter, his heart racing.他打开信,心在咚咚跳着。  知识点4 lack v.& n.没有;缺乏;不足;短缺 ①lack sth.缺乏某物 ②(a) lack of    缺乏…… ③for  lack of...因缺乏…… 例The children nothing though the parents are plainly dressed.虽然父母衣着朴素,但孩子们什么都不缺。 A lack trust can make people work against you rather than for you.缺乏信任会让人们与你作对,而不是为你工作。 Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness lack of proper treatment.后来,他在非洲工作,那里有许多人因缺乏适当的治疗而失明。  特别提醒 lack是表示状态的及物动词,不用于被动结构,也不用于进行时。 lacking adj.缺乏的,没有的;不足的 be lacking in sth.缺少某物(后常接表示抽象概念的名词,如patience、confidence) 例If a person always covers his mouth with one hand when talking, it shows that he is in confidence.如果一个人说话时总是用一只手捂住嘴,这表明他缺乏自信。 知识点5 stimulate v.刺激,促使,促进 ①stimulate sb. to do sth.刺激某人做某事 ②stimulate one's interest in    ...激发某人对……的兴趣 例A good teacher should stimulate students think independently.一个好老师应该鼓励学生独立思考。 All of these activities help to learning English and make our school life much more enjoyable.所有这些活动都有助于激发我们学习英语的兴趣,使我们的学校生活更加愉快。  ①stimulation n.刺激;激励 例Lazy people need to make them work.懒人需要激励来使他们工作。 ②stimulating adj.激励人的;振奋人心的;增加活力的 例We should provide students with more activities to enhance their interest in learning.我们应该为学生提供更多趣味盎然的活动,以提高他们的学习兴趣。 知识点6 as if引导的从句 ①as if(=as though)意为“　似乎,好像   ”,常引导方式状语从句或表语从句。 ②如果as if/though所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生,从句要用陈述语气。 ③如果as if/though所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况,从句要用虚拟语气,其形式如下: a.表示与现在事实相反的情况,从句用　一般过去   时(从句中be动词常用were); b.表示与过去事实相反的情况,从句用　过去完成   时; c.表示与将来事实相反的情况,从句谓语用“would/could/might+动词原形”。 ④as if/though引导状语从句时,若主、从句主语一致或从句主语为it,从句谓语中又含有 be动词的某种形式,则从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略 ,从句就变成“as if/though+形容词/名词(短语)/介词短语/分词(短语)/例不定式(短语)”。 It seems you are really enthusiastic about Chinese culture.看来你好像对中国文化很感兴趣。(陈述语气) He treats me I were a stranger.他对待我就好像我是一个陌生人一样。(与现在事实相反) Jack wasn't saying anything but the teacher smiled at him he had done something very clever. 杰克什么也没说,但老师冲他微笑,好像他做了一件非常明智的事情。(与过去事实相反) He keeps talking and talking, he would never stop.他一直在说啊说,就好像不会停似的。(与将来事实相反) Tom raised his right hand as if/though say something.汤姆举起他的右手,好像要说什么。 He stared at me as if/though me for the first time.他盯着我看,好像是第一次看到我似的。 知识点7 It is+过去分词+that... ①在“It is+过去分词+that...”句型中,It为形式主语,that从句为真正的主语 ,常用的 过去分词有said、thought、believed、reported、expected、decided等。当过去分词为required、recommended、suggested等时,that从句要使用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“(should+)动词原形”,should可以省略。 ②“It is+过去分词+that...”句型有时可以转换为“sb./sth. is/are+过去分词+to do”结构。 其中的不定式根据具体语境,可采用to do/to be doing/to have done  等形式。 例 reading increases our knowledge and broadens our horizons.人们相信阅读增长我们的知识,开阔我们的眼界。 the theme (should) be about nature.要求主题与大自然有关。 about 10 persons have lost their lives in the traffic accident.=About 10 persons are reported to have lost their lives in the traffic accident.据报道,在这起交通事故中大约有10人丧生。 结构拓展 It作形式主语构成的常见句型还有: ①It+be+形容词+that从句。常用于这种句型的形容词有necessary、clear、true、strange、 important、wonderful、possible、likely、obvious、surprising等。 例 is certain that fuels like coal and oil cause a lot of pollution.煤和石油这类燃料能造成大量的污染,这是肯定的。 ②It+be+名词词组+that从句。常用于这种句型的名词词组有a fact、a pity、an honor、a shame、no surprise、good news等。 例 is a pity that she has made such a mistake.遗憾的是她犯了这样一个错误。 知识点8 confirm v.证实,证明;使确信 ①confirm sth.证明/确认某事 ②confirm (that)/wh-从句 证实…… ③confirm sb.　in   sth.使某人确信某事 ④It has been confirmed that...   经证实/已确定…… 例What he said me in my belief.他说的话使我坚定了我的信念。 After a roll call that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other. 在点名确认所有人都安然无恙后,他们放松下来,笑着,哭着,互相拥抱。 It has been that the sports meeting will take place next week.已经确定运动会将于下个星期召开。 confirmation n.证实,证明;确认书;证明书 知识点9 bring...into focus使……成为焦点 focus n.焦距,调焦;中心点 v.集中;使聚焦 in/out of focus焦点对准/没有对准 come into focus成为焦点 focus on...关注…… focus one's attention/mind/eyes on...把某人的注意力/心思/目光集中于…… 例The launch of the Shenzhou-16 manned spacecraft came into , whose astronauts would be in space for about five months. 神舟十六号载人飞船的发射成为人们关注的焦点,它的航天员将在太空中停留约五个月。 例Focus what you are doing, and you are more likely to succeed in achieving your goal.专注于你正在做的事情,你就更有可能成功实现你的目标。 特别提醒 表示“集中注意力于”的短语还有be buried in、be absorbed in、concentrate on、pay attention to等。 知识点10 attempt n.& v.努力,尝试;企图,试图 ①make an attempt to do   /at doing sth.尝试/试图做某事 ②in  an attempt to do sth.试图做某事 ③at   the first/second/...attempt第一/二/……次尝试 ④attempt to do    sth.努力做某事;试图做某事 例He passed his driving test at the first .他一次就通过驾照考试了。 He studied hard in an attempt win a scholarship.他努力学习力图获得奖学金。 Soon the tea room came alive with every student making an to make their own tea.由于每个学生都尝试自己泡茶,整个茶室很快活跃起来。 Every year about 40,000 people attempt climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.每年大约有四万人试图攀登非洲的最高峰乞力马扎罗山。 易混辨析 attempt 后跟名词、不定式作宾语。意为“试图做(尤指难事)”,是较正式用词,常隐含着不一定有预期的结果 try 后跟名词、不定式或动名词作宾语。try to do sth.表示“尽量做某事”,强调尽力做某事(但不一定成功)。try doing sth.表示“尝试做某事” manage 后跟名词、代词或不定式。意为“设法做成;努力完成(困难的事)”,可与can、 be able to连用。manage to do sth.暗含succeed in doing sth.之意 知识点11 charge n.主管,负责;要价;指控 v.收(费);(向……)要价;指控 ①in charge (of) 负责,掌管     ②in the  charge of sb.(=in sb.'s charge)由某人负责 ③take charge of   掌管;负责 ④free of charge  免费 ⑤charge sb. (some money)for    ...因……向某人索要(……钱的)费用 ⑥charge sb. with   sth.因某事控告某人 例You can play football in the stadium free of if you are a member.如果你是会员,你可以在体育场免费踢足球。 He was charge of the shop while the manager was away.→The shop was in the charge of him while the manager was away.经理不在时,他负责这家店。 How much did he charge you for this pair of shoes?他修这双鞋要了你多少钱? The man who had charge of the company was charged with bribe-taking.掌管公司的那个人被指控受贿。 特别提醒 in charge of“负责,掌管”,主语通常为人,含主动意义;in the charge of“由……负责”,主语通常为物,含被动意义。 知识点12 permit v. (permitted, permitted, permitting)允许,准许,许可;使有可能 n.许可证,特许证 ①permit sb. sth.允许某人某事 ②permit doing sth.允许做某事 ③permit sb.to do   sth.允许某人做某事 ④time/weather permitting  (=if time/weather permits)如果时间/天气允许的话 ⑤a work/parking permit工作/停车许可证 例They don't permit loudly in the library.他们不允许在图书馆大声说话。 Permit me offer you some advice.请允许我向你提些建议。 Weather , a winter hike will be launched to get us close to nature and raise us students' health awareness. 天气允许的话,将举办冬日远足活动,让我们接近大自然并提高我们学生的健康意识。 特别提醒 permit既可以用于permit doing sth.,也可用于permit sb. to do sth.。有相同用法的动词还有advise、allow、forbid。 permission n.[U]许可,准许 without (sb.'s) permission未经(某人的)许可 例No one is permitted to take photos of the exhibits in the museum without .未经允许,任何人不得对博物馆内的展品拍照。 知识点13 relate v.相联系,有关联;讲述 ①relate...to    ...把……与……联系起来 ②relate to   涉及……;与……相关 例They are interested only in what relates themselves.他们只对与自己有关的事感兴趣。 People tend to one's performance to his education background.人们往往会将一个人的表现与他的教育背景相联系。 ①related adj.有关的,有关联的 be related to与……有关 例Besides, to get our knowledge enriched, we should actively participate in some activities that reading.此外,为了丰富我们的知识,我们应该积极参加一些与阅读有关的活动。 ②relation n.联系,关联;亲属 in relation to有关,涉及;相对某事物而言 例There is no doubt that your disease is relation your unhealthy diet.毫无疑问,你的疾病与你不健康的饮食有关。 ③relative adj.相对的;相关联的 n.亲戚;亲属 ④relatively adv.相对地 知识点14 astonish v.使吃惊,使惊讶 It astonishes/astonished sb.that  ...令某人感到吃惊的是…… It me that she still remembered my name.我真没想到她还记得我的名字。 ①astonished adj.感到十分惊讶的 be astonished at/by sth.对某事感到十分惊讶 be astonished to find/hear...惊讶地发现/听说…… 例We were astonished hear that their football team had won the championship.听说他们的足球队获得了冠军,我们都很惊讶。 ②astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 ③astonishment n.惊讶;吃惊 in astonishment吃惊地 to one's astonishment令某人惊讶的是 例The moment she opened the box, her eyes widened in .她一打开盒子,就吃惊地睁大了双眼。 To our astonishment, he was not astonished at/by the news.令我们惊讶的是,他对这则惊人的消息并不感到惊讶。 知识点15 distinguish v.看清;认出;区分;辨别;使有特色 distinguish A from  B=distinguish between A and B区分A与B 例Learning about laws can help teenagers right from wrong.→Learning about laws can help teenagers distinguish between right and wrong.学习法律可以帮助青少年明辨是非。 distinguished adj.著名的;杰出的;高贵的 be distinguished for...因……而著名 例 for its attractive scenery, Hangzhou witnesses a large number of tourists every year.杭州以其迷人的风景而闻名遐迩,每年都有大量的游客来杭州游玩。 知识点16 surround v.环绕,围绕;喜欢结交 ①be surrounded by /with...被……围绕/环绕 ②surround oneself　with   sb./sth.和某人/某物在一起 例We are by a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.我们周围是一个自然的游乐场,非常适合散步、洞穴探察、爬山和骑自行车。 It is wise to yourself people who have a high level of self-discipline.和一些高度自律的人在一起是明智的。 ①surrounding adj.周围的;附近的 ②surroundings n.环境 知识点17 what引导名词性从句 ①what常用来引导名词性从句,即主语从句 、宾语从句   、表语从句和同位语从句。 ②what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点:一是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义,常表示“……的事物”“所……的”“……的样子”等;二是它在相应的名词性从句中一定作成分,常作主语、　宾语   或表语。 例I have no idea they are talking about.我不知道他们正在谈论什么。 China is not it was more than 50 years ago.中国不是五十多年前的样子了。 People gathered round, curious to know was happening.人们聚拢过来,很想知道正在发生的事情。 troubles me most is that I don't know how to tell her the bad news.最使我苦恼的是我不知道该怎样告诉她这个坏消息。 知识点18 全部倒装 ①有时为了使句子保持平衡或为了强调表语或为了使上下文衔接更加紧密,将作表语的形容词或介词短语提前至句首,构成“表语+连系动词+主语 ”结构。 ②表示地点、方位或时间的副词,如here、 there、 in、 out、 up、 down、 away、ahead、 now、 then 等以及表示地点的介词短语,如in front of、 at the foot of等位于句首时,句子用全部倒装。此时谓语动词一般为be动词或lie、 come、 go、stand等动词,且句子的主语为名词。如果句子的主语是代词,则不用倒装。 ③有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的现在分词短语、过去分词 短语置于句首,句子进行全部倒装。 例Present at the meeting experts on AIDS.出席会议的是艾滋病方面的专家。 Then a familiar voice, which made Jane wild with joy.接着传来一个熟悉的声音,这使简欣喜若狂。 In front of the classroom a tall tree.教室前矗立着一棵高高的树。 Lying on the floor a boy aged about twelve.躺在地上的是一个大约十二岁的男孩。 Seated in the front the guests.坐在前排的是客人。 知识点19 immediately adv.即刻,马上 conj.一……就…… immediately除了作副词外,还可作连词,意为“一……就……”,引导时间状语 从句。有类似用法的词(组)还有instantly、directly、 the instant、the moment、the minute等。 例The young lady rushed into the room she heard the noise.那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进房间。 immediate adj.立即的;当前的;直接的 知识点20 occur vi.(occurred, occurred, occurring)发生;出现;存在于 ①occur in/among...存在于……;出现在…… ②occur to   sb.(主意或想法突然)被某人想起 ③It occurs to sb. to do    sth.某人想起做某事。 ④It occurs to sb. that    ...某人想起…… 例He would always set down new ideas that occurred him.他总是把他想到的新想法写下来。 It immediately occurred her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.她立刻意识到这是海啸即将来临的征兆。 It never occurred him to turn to anyone for help when he failed in doing business.当他做生意失败时,他从未想过向任何人求助。 ①occurrence n.发生;发生的事 ②表示“某人(突然)想起……”的表达还有:It strikes/hits/comes to sb. that...和sth. strikes/hits/ comes to sb.。 知识点21 announcement n.[C](一项)公告,布告,通告;[U](指行动)宣布,宣告 make an  announcement (about sth.)发出(关于某事的)公告 例The school made an about holding an English speech contest the next Monday, which made me very excited.学校宣布下周一举办英语演讲比赛,这让我很激动。 ①announce v.宣布,宣告(决定、计划等);广播通知 announce that...宣布…… announce sth. to sb.向某人宣布某事 It is/was announced that...据宣布…… 例It is that there will be a celebration on National Day.据宣布,国庆节将要举行一场庆祝活动。 ②announcer n.广播员;播音员 知识点22 reliable adj.可信赖的,可靠的 ①rely vi.依靠;信任 rely on/upon(=depend on/upon)依赖;信任 rely on/upon sb./sth. to do sth.依赖/信任某人/某物做某事 rely on/upon it that...相信……;指望…… 例You can rely it that my introduction and efforts can deepen visitors' understanding of traditional Chinese culture.你可以相信,我的介绍和努力可以加深游客对中国传统文化的了解。 ②unreliable adj.不可靠的 ③reliably adv.可靠地 知识点23 rescue n.& vt.营救,解救 ①rescue workers/teams/boats/helicopters救援人员/队/船只/直升机 ②come to    one's rescue前来营救某人 ③rescue sb./sth.from   ...把某人/某物从……中营救出来 例When we were in trouble,a stranger came to our with a generous donation.当我们陷入困境时,一位陌生人慷慨解囊来救助我们。 With the help of a ladder, neighbors were able to the children from the blaze.邻居们借助一把梯子把孩子们从大火中救了出来。 rescuer n.救援者 知识点24 claim v.(战争、事故等)夺去(生命);声称;索要,索取 n.声明;要求,索赔 ①claim (that)...声称…… ②claim 　to be    sb.声称是某人 ③claim to do sth./　to have done    sth.声称要做某事/做了某事 ④It is/was claimed that...　据说……     ⑤make a claim 　for   提出……要求/索赔 例He claimed be the richest man in the world.他自称是世界上最富有的人。 They claim to discovered a cure for the disease.他们声称已经发现了治疗此病的一种药物。 It is claimed that the new regulations will be carried next month.据说新规章制度会在下个月实行。 He the manager's office and made a claim for higher pay.他走进经理的办公室,提出更高报酬的要求。 知识点25 threaten v.威胁到,危及 ①threaten sb. with    sth.用某物威胁某人 ②threaten to do   sth.威胁要做某事 例The earth today is by pollution and the climate emergency.今天的地球遭受污染和气候紧急状态的威胁。(The Guardian) Our neighbour threatened call the police if we didn't stop the noise.我们的邻居威胁说,如果我们不停止喧闹,就要报警。 On Halloween, children usually wear strange costumes, knock on their neighbors' doors and them with “trick or treat”.在万圣节前夕,孩子们通常穿上古怪的服装去敲邻居的门,威胁他们说“不给糖就捣乱”。 ①threat n.威胁,恐吓;凶兆;构成威胁的人/事物 a threat to sb./sth.对某人/某物的威胁 under threat (of...)受到(……的)威胁 例Water is one of our most critical resources, but around the world it is under .水是我们最重要的资源之一,但在世界范围内,它正受到威胁。 ②threatening adj.恐吓的;威胁的 知识点26 shelter n.[U]庇护,掩蔽;[C]庇护处,避难处 vi.躲避 vt.保护;掩蔽 ①take shelter from    ...躲避…… ②under   the shelter of...在……的庇护下 ③shelter sb./sth. from    ...保护某人/某物免受…… 例We took shelter the rain in a cave.我们在一个山洞里避雨。 They were standing the shelter of a huge tree.他们站在一棵大树下躲着。 Parents always want to shelter children danger in society, but it does not help to build up their independence. 父母总是想保护孩子在社会上免受危险,但这并不能帮助建立他们的自立。 知识点27 sb. was/were doing sth. when...某人正在做某事,这时(突然)…… 在“sb. was/were doing sth. when...”句式中,when作并列连词,连接两个并列分句。第一个分句用过去进行时,第二个分句用　一般过去时    。 例Last Monday, I in the street I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.上周一,我正在街上散步,这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。 when作并列连词,还可以用于下列句型中: ①sb. had just done sth. when...某人刚做完某事,这时(突然)…… 例I had just gone to bed after a very hard day the phone rang.在辛苦了一天之后我刚刚就寝,这时电话铃响了。 ②sb. was/were about to do sth. when...=sb. was/were on the point of doing sth. when...某人正要做某事,这时(突然)…… 例He was about to watch TV there was a power failure.=He was on the point of watching TV when there was a power failure.他正要看电视,这时突然停电了。 知识点28 独立主格结构 ①独立主格结构可由“名词或代词+非谓语动词(现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式)”构成, 现在分词 表示动词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语为主动关系或动作正在进行, 过去分词 表示动词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语为被动关系或动作已经完成,过去分词  表示动作将要发生。独立主格结构还可由“名词或代词+介词短语/形容词/名词/副词”构成。 ②独立主格结构与句子其他部分用逗号隔开,在句中一般作状语,常表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等。 例Dad looked at me, tears welling up in his eyes.爸爸看着我,热泪盈眶。 Homework finished, the boy went to bed.家庭作业做完后,这个男孩上床睡觉了。 No one to wake me up, I might be late for the first class.如果没人叫醒我,我第一节课可能会迟到的。 The little girl entered the room, her face red with cold.小女孩走进房间,脸冻红了。 Dark clouds in the sky, it is going to rain soon.天空乌云密布,很快就要下雨了。 知识点29 现在进行时的被动语态 一、现在进行时的被动语态的含义 现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作,强调主语是动作的承受者。 二、现在进行时的被动语态的构成 用法归纳 现在进行时的被动语态的构成： 1. 肯定式：主语+am/is/are+being done 2. 否定式：主语+am/is/are+not being done 3. 一般疑问式：Am/Is/Are+主语+being done? 4. 特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+am/is/are(+主语)+being done? 例Some trees in the park are being down.公园里的一些树正在被砍倒。 The engineer is not being fairly.这位工程师没有被公平地对待。 Are the babies being care of by this nurse? 这些婴儿正在被这个护士照顾吗? Who is being for the coming English speech contest?为了即将到来的英语演讲比赛,谁正在被培训? 三、现在进行时的被动语态的用法 用法归纳 1.表示说话时现在进行的被动动作,句中常有now、at the moment等时间状语; 2.表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行); 3.表示按计划、安排主语将要承受的动作(仅限于少数及物动词); 4.表示说话者的赞扬 、羡慕、厌恶等感情色彩,常与always、constantly、forever等词连用; 5.与某些情态动词连用,表示对正在发生的动作的推测。 例He is being in China now.他现在正在中国接受治疗。 Preparations are being for the activity in our school.在我们学校,(人们)正在为这场活动做准备。 A party is being tonight.今晚将要举行一场联欢会。 Tom is always being by the teacher.汤姆总是被这位老师表扬。 He may be being by reporters at the moment.他此刻可能正在被记者们采访。 四、使用现在进行时的被动语态应注意的问题 用法归纳 1.含有介词的动词短语用于现在进行时的被动语态时,其中的介词不可省略; 2.“be (am/is/are)+under/in/on+n.”结构有时可相当于现在进行时的被动语态; 3.一些表示状态、拥有等的动词(短语),如stay、have、belong to等不用于现在进行时的被动语态。 例Look! The children are being taken care of by their aunt.瞧!孩子们正由他们的姨妈照看着。 The telephone is in use (=is being used) now.这部电话现在正在使用中。 The book belongs to him.这本书属于他。 知识点30 过去将来时 一、过去将来时的含义 用法归纳 过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于宾语从句中。 例They never knew that the population become a big problem.他们从来都不知道人口数量将会成为一个大问题。 Betty said she visit the Great Wall the next Saturday.贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。 二、过去将来时的结构及其用法 用法归纳1 用于“would/should+动词原形    ”结构。would可用于各种人称,should多用 于第一人称;should和would可缩写为“'d”, should not和would not的缩写形式分别为shouldn't和wouldn't。 例He said he go to the north for his holiday.他曾说他会去北方度假。 We thought that we never see you again.我们想我们再也看不到你了。 用法归纳2 用于“was/were+going to+动词原形”结构。该结构有两个主要用法,一是表示过去打算或计划要做的事情;二是表示在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生某事。 例They told me that they were going to have a picnic.他们告诉我他们将要去野餐。 It seemed as if it was going to rain.看来好像要下雨。 用法归纳3 用于“was/were+现在分词”结构。come、go、leave、arrive、start等非延续性动词在该结构中常用过去进行时 代替过去将来时,表示在过去看来即将发生的动作。 例I didn't know they were .我并不知道他们要来。 He said the train was at six the next morning.他说火车第二天早晨六点钟出发。 用法归纳4 用于“was/were to+动词原形”结构。该结构有两个主要用法,一是表示过去计划或安排   将要做的事情;二是表示“命中注定要发生的事情”,此时并非单纯地指过去的将来。 例She said she was to take up the position.她说她计划接任那个职位。 The experience he gained was to change his later life.他获得的经验注定会改变他以后的人生。 用法归纳5 用于“was/were about to+动词原形 ”结构。该结构表示过去即将发生的事情,由于本身已含有“即将”的意味,所以一般不与具体的时间状语连用。 例I was about go out when a friend dropped in.我刚要出去,这时来了一个朋友。 We were to go into the cinema when Mary appeared.我们正要走进电影院,这时玛丽出现了。 特别提醒 在主从复合句中,如果主句是过去将来时,那么在由when、while、before、after等引导的时间状语从句中,或由if和unless引导的条件状语从句及though、although、even if等引导的让步状语从句中,要用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 Tom said that he would give me a present if I won the match.汤姆当时说如果我能赢得比赛,他就会送我一个礼物。 知识点32 省略 无论在口语中还是在书面语中,有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便,常常在不影响文意的情况下将句子中的某些成分略去,这种现象称为省略。 一、简单句中的省略 1.祈使句的省略 用法归纳 在祈使句中,通常省略主语you。 例(You) Go down this street and turn right at the second crossing.(你)沿着这条街走,然后在第二个十字路口向右拐。 (You) Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.(你)把不同类型的衣服放在房间不同的表面上。 2.There be句型的省略 用法归纳 在there be句型的疑问句中,通常省略be动词(Is/Are/Was/Were)+there。 例(Is there) Anything else?(还有)别的东西吗? 3.感叹句的省略 用法归纳 在what或how引出的感叹句中常省略主语和be动词。 例What a beautiful city (it is)!(这是)多么美丽的城市呀! How wonderful (it is)!多妙啊! 二、并列复合句中的省略 用法归纳 在由and或but连接的并列复合句中,常省略一些重复的词或词组。 例The news made me angry, but (the news made) John happy.这条消息使我生气,却让约翰高兴。 三、主从复合句中的省略 1.宾语从句的省略 用法归纳 在宾语从句中,连接词that常省略;但一个动词带有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句时,只能省略第一个that。 例He said (that) the text was very important.他说这篇课文很重要。 Then the teacher began to tell us something about the French language, saying (that) it was the most beautiful tongue in the world, and that we must keep it among us and never forget it. 接着老师开始告诉我们关于法语的一些事情,他说法语是世界上最美的语言,我们必须保留这种语言,不能忘记。 2.状语从句的省略 用法归纳 在表示条件、时间、地点、方式或让步等的状语从句中,如果谓语含有be动词,且从句的主语又和主句中的主语一致,或者从句的主语是it 时,常把从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。 例If (it is) necessary, I will turn to you for help.如果有必要的话,我会向你求助的。 Though (he is) a young man, he has made several inventions.虽然还是个年轻人,但他已经有好几项发明了。 3.定语从句的省略 用法归纳 若引导限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语 ,那么该关系代词一般可省略,但whom、which紧跟在介词后时不能省略。 例The car (which/that) his father gave him as a birthday present was stolen.他父亲送给他作为生日礼物的那辆汽车被盗了。 四、几种特殊的省略 1.比较结构的省略 用法归纳 在“the+比较级..., the+比较级...” 结构中,常会有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。 例The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be). (你做得)越快,(结果就会)越好。 2.不定式符号to的省略 用法归纳1 并列的不定式可省去后面的to。 例His wish is to earn a lot of money and (to) buy his mother a big house.他的愿望是赚很多钱,并给他的妈妈买一所大房子。 用法归纳2 某些使役动词如make、let、have等和感官动词如see、watch、notice、observe等,其后作宾补的不定式常省略to,但若这些动词用于被动语态,则to不能省略。 例My mother wouldn't let me go to see the film.我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。 He was noticed to leave the office.有人注意到他离开了办公室。 用法归纳3 介词but (除了)、except前有实义动词do的某种形式时,后面的不定式不带to。 例All he could do was nothing but wait and see.他所能做的只有等等看。 用法归纳4 主语从句中若含有动词do的某种形式时,后面作表语的不定式的to可带可不带。 例What he wanted to do was (to) become a skillful worker.他的愿望是成为一名技术熟练的工人。 3.介词的省略 用法归纳1 在英语中一些固定短语中的介词常被省略,常见的有spend time (in) doing sth.;have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.;prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth.;be busy (in) doing sth.;have a good/hard time (in) doing sth.等。 例She spends half an hour (in) reading every day.她每天花半小时读书。 The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。 用法归纳2 表示时间 意义的名词前有any、every、next、first、last、this、that等词加以修饰,并在句中用作时间状语时,可以省去相应的介词。 例There were plenty of empty seats (on) that night.那天晚上有许多的空位。 I shall start (in) this week and return (in) next week.我这周启程,下周返回。 4.虚拟语气中的省略 用法归纳1 动词suggest (建议)、 advise、propose、 insist (坚决要求)、 demand、 require (要求)、command、recommend、 order等后的宾语从句及 例“It is important/necessary/strange/...that...”句型中的主语从句中常省略表虚拟语气的should。 Some classmates suggest we (should) go to places of interest nearby.有些同学建议我们去附近的名胜古迹。 It is necessary that we (should) learn more words by heart.我们有必要多背一些单词。 用法归纳2 如果虚拟条件句中含有were、had或 should,有时可将if省略,把were、had或should移到主语之前。 例Had you come here yesterday, you would have met her.=If you had come here yesterday, you would have met her. 如果你昨天来这儿的话,你就会见到她了。 Were I you, I would apply for the job.=If I were you, I would apply for the job.如果我是你,我就会申请那份工作。 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 单句语法填空 1.On the first day of school, the teacher greeted her students 　　　　　 a warm smile and the students exchanged 　　　　　(greet) with each other.  2.The ancient compass used for navigation in the Ming Dynasty is 　　　　　exhibition, with a map showing maritime trade routes next to it.  3.(2025山西名校联考)Fear and excitement mixed inside me as I imagined all the students 　　　　　(wait) for me.  4.(2025广东汕头期中)With food, necessities and cookers 　　　　　(load) into the car, the family squeezed into the car.   5.(2025广东实验中学期末)Since their own house　　　　　(rebuild), they have no alternative but to live with their parents for the moment.  6.He tripped on the stairs 　　　　　 accident and dropped his phone.  7.(2025新课标Ⅱ)“What is your name?” is a question most 　　　　　(frequent) asked when people meet for the first time.  8.(2025广东广州月考)Li and her team are also fond 　　　　　 showing the details of the cooking processes of varieties of traditional Chinese dishes.   9.(2025湖北名校期中联考)The study's findings are based 　　　　　(most) on European data, so the results may not apply to other populations.   10.Our school will hold an art festival, including many activities ranging from singing competitions 　　　　　 talk shows.  11.After playing outside all day, the children came home with 　　　　　(dirt) clothes and muddy shoes.  12.We should sing high praises 　　　　　 the firefighters who bravely risked their lives saving others during the wildfire.  13.The competition 　　　　　(sponsor) by a high-tech company aimed to find the most brilliant minds in the country.  14.(2025新课标Ⅱ)Consider 　　　　　(fail) as a stepping stone to success and never give up.  15.The stairs leading to the concert hall were 　　　　　(crowd) with excited fans waiting to get in.  16.The 　　　　　(thrill) exhibition of contemporary art left visitors amazed by its creative designs and vivid color combinations.  17.(2025四川成都市实验外国语学校月考)With a variety of teaching methods, the teacher got the complex idea across to the students who were 　　　　　(initial) confused and struggled to understand.  18.(2025江西南昌二中月考)A well-chosen joke can have a big impact when you are speaking to a crowd or attempting 　　　　　(ease) a tense meeting.  19.In addition, I have a good command of English, thus 　　　　　(make) it easy for me to communicate well with the foreigners.  20.(2024新课标Ⅰ)Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must 　　　　　(confirm) in advance.  21.(2025江苏盐城期末)I grew up, with the Beatles's music 　　　　　(accompany) me every step of the way.  22.Get a load of the new design, and you will 　　　　　(gradual) understand why it's so popular.  23.Tony wound up the new toy car and let it run across the room, making his little brother 　　　　　(fascinate) by the magic.  24.(2025江苏长泾中学月考)Their achievements have already been analyzed in 　　　　　(deep) and do not require further discussion.  25.(2022新高考Ⅰ)“Talk and Talk” is an English program which provides students with a variety of topics to 　　　　　(broad) their horizons.  26.(2021新高考Ⅰ)But that's how nature is—always leaving us 　　　　　(astonish).  27.Many students who are learning English as a foreign language can't distinguish American English 　　　　　 British English.  28.(2022新高考Ⅰ)The elderly 　　　　　(resident) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.  29.(2025河南郑州外国语学校月考)Sadly, the 　　　　　(intense) of the emotions that movies produce in us may be decreasing.  30.(2025河南南阳六校期末)　　　　　(surround) by mountains all around, the Old Town of Lijiang is neither cold in winter nor hot in summer.  31.People aren't permitted 　　　　　 (park) their cars on the narrow roads in this neighborhood.  32.(2024北京)I was reading a book in the classroom when there was an　　　　　(announce).  33.With the wind picking up, the captain 　　　　　(immediate) ordered the sails to be lowered to ensure the safety of the ship.  34.Despite many dangers and challenges on the way up the mountain, the climbers finally made 　　　　　 to the top of the mountain.  35.(2025新课标Ⅰ)Similar campaigns 　　　　　(occur) in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.   36.(2025河北唐山期中)With a heavy rain approaching, we all stopped working to take shelter 　　　　　 the rain.  37.A recent study reported that planting 　　　　　(billion) of trees was the cheapest and most effective way to help deal with global warming.  38.You won't find such a camping place anywhere else, but you have to look out 　　　　　 spiders and snakes.  39.Academics and employers are concerned that students are not 　　　　　(sufficient) prepared for college courses.  40.They have yet 　　　　　(show) that they can help the local residents get easier access to the Internet.   41.(2025山东济南二中月考)I struggled in the seawater and kept on 　　　　　(wave) my hands.  42.(2025湖南名校期中联考)These problems 　　　　　(threat) not only wildlife but also our future, leading to health problems, extreme weather, and resource shortages.  43.There are some health problems that, when not 　　　　　(treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on.  重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） （1） 一．完成句子 1.(2022全国甲写作)然而,海洋正在被破坏。是我们采取有效措施保护海洋的时候了。 However, the sea 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　. It is high time that we　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 it.  2.The boys and girls are decorating the classrooms for the New Year party.(用现在进行时的被动语态改写句子) →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  3.Look out! Don't get too close to the house whose roof is under repair.(用现在进行时的被动语态改写句子) →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  二．语篇填空 　　Scientists say that global warming isn't the only serious problem that human beings face. At present, we 1.　　　　　　(threaten) by the decline and even extinction of many species. It's said that half of all insects worldwide have been declining since the 1970s. A new warning is that over 40 percent of insect species may die out in the future. According to some researchers, the number of insects 2.　　　　　　(become) smaller and smaller every year.  　　In addition, Dave Goulson, a professor at the University of Sussex, said that a lot of insects 3.　　　　　　(kill) these days by pesticides(杀虫剂) used for farming and gardening. He told reporters, “Three quarters of our crops depend on insect pollinators(传花粉者). If we don't take any measures, we won't even have fruit like strawberries. Actually, a large quantity of rice 4.　　　　　　(consume) every day. But without insects, there would not be enough crops to feed the world's population.”  （2） 一．单句语法填空 1.(2025北京)Little did I realize that single moment 　　　　　(ruin) everything.  2.The dark clouds in the sky meant that a storm 　　　　　(come).  3.(2024新课标Ⅰ)When I was about 　　　　　(give) up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend.  4.Jack was so busy when we saw him, because he 　　　　　(make) a speech the next day.  5.I didn't know when she would come, but when she　　　　　(come) I would let you know.   6.(2025湖南名校期中联考)This experience with Ava taught me a valuable lesson that I 　　　　　(carry) with me for the rest of my life.  二．根据语境,用所给词的正确时态补全短文 　　Two years ago, my mom told me that she 　1　(send) me to a private high school. I was so excited because I 　2　(start) a new chapter of my life. But actually, the first two weeks at the new school was the most difficult time of my entire life.  　　I was so homesick and I didn't know how to cheer myself up. To turn my attention, I threw myself into my studies. I wanted to keep every part of my day busy, so I 　3　(not think) about how lonely I felt. Gradually, I started to adapt myself to my new life. I just remember one afternoon, as I 　4　(leave) the classroom after school, my Chinese teacher walked to me and said that all my hard work 　5　(pay off) soon. Her words encouraged me greatly and made me more determined to make an effort.  　　Now I have entered my dream university. So if you put your effort into something,the result 　6　(not disappoint) you.  （3） 一．将下列句子改写成省略句 1.He won't come to our party even if he is invited. → He won't come to our party 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　.  2.If it is necessary, I'll ask the teacher for help when I am faced with difficulties. →　　　　 　　　　, I'll ask the teacher for help when 　　　　 　　　　 difficulties.  3.If I were you, I would apply for the project. →　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, I would apply for the project.  4.His suggestion made John happy, but his suggestion made Mary angry. →His suggestion made John happy, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.  5.The first thing that we can do is to reduce waste as much as possible. →The first thing 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 reduce waste as much as possible.  二．用省略结构完成句子 1.(2025新课标Ⅰ)虽然它很友善,但它很容易将我侄女的年幼的儿子们以及我六个月大的孙女撞倒。 　　　　　 　　　　　, he could easily knock over my niece's small boys and my six-month-old granddaughter.  2.那个人突然停了下来,好像是要找什么东西。 Suddenly the man stopped, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.  3.我原本计划去拜访那位船长,但是我妈妈不让我去。 I'd planned to pay a visit to the captain, but 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.  4.杰克将马上到达聚会,但我知道约翰不会马上到达聚会。 Jack will arrive at the party immediately, but 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.  5.(2025湖南长沙八校期中联考)参与者在他们的环境中旅行时可以体验到共享的现实。 The participants can experience a shared reality 　　　　　 　　　　　 through their environment.  综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） （1） (2025四川遂宁高级实验中学月考) 　　The China International Search and Rescue Team 　1　(form) in 2001 and is now made up of several hundred rescue workers and about 20 sniffer dogs. The team brings help and hope to those 　2　 lives are changed by a typhoon, flood, earthquake, or any other natural disaster.   　　After long and careful training, the team went on its first international rescue missions in 2003. That year the Chinese team helped save lives after earthquakes in Algeria and Iran. It was the first time that a Chinese team had worked outside China and the team won high praise 　3　 their bravery and skill. Since then, the team 　4　(complete) many missions. The list of people to whom help has been given is long. The team treated more than 3,000 people 　5　(injure) in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia and spent several months 　6　(give) aid to over 25,000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan.   　　Rescue workers are trained to find people, treat injuries, and hand out food, water and other 　7　(supply). They have to be able to do work that is difficult under conditions which can be 　8　(danger). And they even bury 　9　 dead. Rescue workers must have big hearts, too. It takes a lot of love and courage 　10　(risk) one's own life to save someone else.   （2） (2025吉林长春东北师大附中期末) 　　China has many famed explorers, one of 　1　 is Zhang Qian. He traveled into Central Asia, thus　2　(open) corridors(通道)of trade that became the Silk Road. Zheng He was a great explorer in the 15th century. These journeys 　3　(undertake)under the direction of governments; however, Xu Xiake was different.  　　Born in 1587, Xu Xiake grew up in a rich family. Yet he rejected the 　4　(comfort) life in an attempt to travel around the country. As one of the greatest land explorers, Xu Xiake is said 　5　(travel) tens of thousands of kilometers of Chinese mountains and rivers on foot in his lifetime. The written work of Xu Xiake's travel records and diaries contains some 600,000 Chinese characters, 　6　 enormous work for a single author of his time. It mixes 　7　(detail) of geography, botany and local history with the ratings of the lodgings(住宿) in the Ming Dynasty.  　　“On the surface, Xu's travel can neither be classified as great affairs of state 　8　 great undertakings that changed the course of history,” writes the cultural historian Zheng Peikai. “Xu traveled to satisfy his own 　9　(curious)—he traveled just to enjoy the sheer joy of traveling.”  　　Xu Xiake traveled across China for more than thirty years. In his fifties, he traveled to the tropical frontiers of Yunnan. Hundreds of years later we follow. 　10　(natural), he is the father of Chinese backpacking.  1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 必修第三册Unit4~Unit6（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 掌握必修第三册Unit4~Unit6 中28个重点词句的用法 复习难点： 掌握必修第三册Unit4~Unit6 中3个重点语法知识 1.现在进行时的被动语态 2.过去将来时 3.省略 考情规律 语境运用：侧重在具体语境中的选择，以及短语的搭配（完形填空、语法填空题中）。 知识点1 load n.某物的量;负载;工作量;大量 v.(把大量……)装上,装入;承载,装载 ①a load/　loads    of 许多,大量 ②get a load of    (用以让人)看,听 ③take a load off one's 　mind   使某人如释重负 ④load A 　with B 用A装载B ⑤load sth.　onto   /into... 把某物装入…… 例As we are going to bid farewell to middle school, we are considering how to deal with a load/loads of used reference books. 在我们即将告别中学的时候,我们正在考虑如何处理大量的二手参考书。 Mike, get a load of this: our friend Frank is being interviewed by the TV station right now! 迈克,看这个,我们的朋友弗兰克现在正在接受电视台的采访! The good news that I passed the exam took a load off my mind.我通过考试的好消息使我如释重负。 It took the workers an hour to load the lorry with the goods.=It took the workers an hour to load the goods onto the lorry.工人们花了一个小时才把货物装上卡车。 ①loaded adj.装载的;满载而沉重的 be loaded with...满载着…… 例The ship is loaded with rice.轮船满载着大米。 ②unload vt.卸下;推卸 ③upload vt.上传 ④download vt.下载 知识点2 battle n.战斗,战役;奋斗,斗争 v.斗争;搏斗 ①in  battle在战斗中;在战争中 ②a battle with/against   ...与……的斗争/抗争 ③battle with/against sb./sth.for  sth.为了……与……斗争/搏斗 例Unfortunately, her son was killed in battle.不幸的是,她的儿子在战斗中牺牲了。 The brave girl always has a positive attitude in her battle with/against cancer.这个勇敢的女孩在与癌症的斗争中总是抱着积极的态度。 They battled with/against the enemies for their country's independence.为了祖国的独立,他们与敌人抗争。 易混辨析 war 指战争的总称,一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。 We have had two world wars in the twentieth century. 我们在二十世纪经历了两次世界大战。 battle 侧重指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗,也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区的战斗,或个人之间的争斗。 Many soldiers perish in battle.许多士兵死于战斗。 fight 普通用词,含义广,指战斗、斗争或打斗。 His whole life is a fight against poverty and unemployment. 他的一生是与贫苦和失业斗争的一生。 struggle 指长时间、激烈的争斗,多指肉体、精神上的战斗。 His life was a hard struggle with sickness. 他的一生都在跟疾病作艰苦的斗争。 知识点3 fold v.折起,对折,折叠 n.褶;褶层;折痕 ①fold...　up   将……折叠起来 ②fold sth. in two/in half把某物对折 ③fold one's 　arms    双臂交叉在胸前 ④fold one's hands十指交叉合拢交叠 例She folded up the letter and put it into the envelope.她把信折起来,然后把它放进了信封。 Her eyes narrowed as she folded her arms, waiting for his explanation.她眯着眼睛,将双臂交叉在胸前,等待他的解释。  unfold v.(使)展开,打开;(使)逐渐展现,展示,透露 例He unfolded the letter, his heart racing.他打开信,心在咚咚跳着。  知识点4 lack v.& n.没有;缺乏;不足;短缺 ①lack sth.缺乏某物 ②(a) lack of    缺乏…… ③for  lack of...因缺乏…… 例The children lack nothing though the parents are plainly dressed.虽然父母衣着朴素,但孩子们什么都不缺。 A lack of trust can make people work against you rather than for you.缺乏信任会让人们与你作对,而不是为你工作。 Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.后来,他在非洲工作,那里有许多人因缺乏适当的治疗而失明。  特别提醒 lack是表示状态的及物动词,不用于被动结构,也不用于进行时。 lacking adj.缺乏的,没有的;不足的 be lacking in sth.缺少某物(后常接表示抽象概念的名词,如patience、confidence) 例If a person always covers his mouth with one hand when talking, it shows that he is lacking in confidence.如果一个人说话时总是用一只手捂住嘴,这表明他缺乏自信。 知识点5 stimulate v.刺激,促使,促进 ①stimulate sb. to do sth.刺激某人做某事 ②stimulate one's interest in    ...激发某人对……的兴趣 例A good teacher should stimulate students to think independently.一个好老师应该鼓励学生独立思考。 All of these activities help to stimulate our interest in learning English and make our school life much more enjoyable.所有这些活动都有助于激发我们学习英语的兴趣,使我们的学校生活更加愉快。  ①stimulation n.刺激;激励 例Lazy people need stimulation to make them work.懒人需要激励来使他们工作。 ②stimulating adj.激励人的;振奋人心的;增加活力的 例We should provide students with more stimulating activities to enhance their interest in learning.我们应该为学生提供更多趣味盎然的活动,以提高他们的学习兴趣。 知识点6 as if引导的从句 ①as if(=as though)意为“　似乎,好像   ”,常引导方式状语从句或表语从句。 ②如果as if/though所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生,从句要用陈述语气。 ③如果as if/though所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况,从句要用虚拟语气,其形式如下: a.表示与现在事实相反的情况,从句用　一般过去   时(从句中be动词常用were); b.表示与过去事实相反的情况,从句用　过去完成   时; c.表示与将来事实相反的情况,从句谓语用“would/could/might+动词原形”。 ④as if/though引导状语从句时,若主、从句主语一致或从句主语为it,从句谓语中又含有 be动词的某种形式,则从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略 ,从句就变成“as if/though+形容词/名词(短语)/介词短语/分词(短语)/例不定式(短语)”。 It seems as if/though you are really enthusiastic about Chinese culture.看来你好像对中国文化很感兴趣。(陈述语气) He treats me as if/though I were a stranger.他对待我就好像我是一个陌生人一样。(与现在事实相反) Jack wasn't saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if/though he had done something very clever. 杰克什么也没说,但老师冲他微笑,好像他做了一件非常明智的事情。(与过去事实相反) He keeps talking and talking, as if/though he would never stop.他一直在说啊说,就好像不会停似的。(与将来事实相反) Tom raised his right hand as if/though to say something.汤姆举起他的右手,好像要说什么。 He stared at me as if/though seeing me for the first time.他盯着我看,好像是第一次看到我似的。 知识点7 It is+过去分词+that... ①在“It is+过去分词+that...”句型中,It为形式主语,that从句为真正的主语 ,常用的 过去分词有said、thought、believed、reported、expected、decided等。当过去分词为required、recommended、suggested等时,that从句要使用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“(should+)动词原形”,should可以省略。 ②“It is+过去分词+that...”句型有时可以转换为“sb./sth. is/are+过去分词+to do”结构。 其中的不定式根据具体语境,可采用to do/to be doing/to have done  等形式。 例It is believed that reading increases our knowledge and broadens our horizons.人们相信阅读增长我们的知识,开阔我们的眼界。 It is required that the theme (should) be about nature.要求主题与大自然有关。 It is reported that about 10 persons have lost their lives in the traffic accident.=About 10 persons are reported to have lost their lives in the traffic accident.据报道,在这起交通事故中大约有10人丧生。 结构拓展 It作形式主语构成的常见句型还有: ①It+be+形容词+that从句。常用于这种句型的形容词有necessary、clear、true、strange、 important、wonderful、possible、likely、obvious、surprising等。 例It is certain that fuels like coal and oil cause a lot of pollution.煤和石油这类燃料能造成大量的污染,这是肯定的。 ②It+be+名词词组+that从句。常用于这种句型的名词词组有a fact、a pity、an honor、a shame、no surprise、good news等。 例It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.遗憾的是她犯了这样一个错误。 知识点8 confirm v.证实,证明;使确信 ①confirm sth.证明/确认某事 ②confirm (that)/wh-从句 证实…… ③confirm sb.　in   sth.使某人确信某事 ④It has been confirmed that...   经证实/已确定…… 例What he said confirmed me in my belief.他说的话使我坚定了我的信念。 After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other. 在点名确认所有人都安然无恙后,他们放松下来,笑着,哭着,互相拥抱。 It has been confirmed that the sports meeting will take place next week.已经确定运动会将于下个星期召开。 confirmation n.证实,证明;确认书;证明书 知识点9 bring...into focus使……成为焦点 focus n.焦距,调焦;中心点 v.集中;使聚焦 in/out of focus焦点对准/没有对准 come into focus成为焦点 focus on...关注…… focus one's attention/mind/eyes on...把某人的注意力/心思/目光集中于…… 例The launch of the Shenzhou-16 manned spacecraft came into focus, whose astronauts would be in space for about five months. 神舟十六号载人飞船的发射成为人们关注的焦点,它的航天员将在太空中停留约五个月。 例Focus on what you are doing, and you are more likely to succeed in achieving your goal.专注于你正在做的事情,你就更有可能成功实现你的目标。 特别提醒 表示“集中注意力于”的短语还有be buried in、be absorbed in、concentrate on、pay attention to等。 知识点10 attempt n.& v.努力,尝试;企图,试图 ①make an attempt to do   /at doing sth.尝试/试图做某事 ②in  an attempt to do sth.试图做某事 ③at   the first/second/...attempt第一/二/……次尝试 ④attemptto do    sth.努力做某事;试图做某事 例He passed his driving test at the first attempt.他一次就通过驾照考试了。 He studied hard in an attempt to win a scholarship.他努力学习力图获得奖学金。 Soon the tea room came alive with every student making an attempt to make their own tea.由于每个学生都尝试自己泡茶,整个茶室很快活跃起来。 Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.每年大约有四万人试图攀登非洲的最高峰乞力马扎罗山。 易混辨析 attempt 后跟名词、不定式作宾语。意为“试图做(尤指难事)”,是较正式用词,常隐含着不一定有预期的结果 try 后跟名词、不定式或动名词作宾语。try to do sth.表示“尽量做某事”,强调尽力做某事(但不一定成功)。try doing sth.表示“尝试做某事” manage 后跟名词、代词或不定式。意为“设法做成;努力完成(困难的事)”,可与can、 be able to连用。manage to do sth.暗含succeed in doing sth.之意 知识点11 charge n.主管,负责;要价;指控 v.收(费);(向……)要价;指控 ①in charge (of) 负责,掌管     ②in the  charge of sb.(=in sb.'s charge)由某人负责 ③take charge of   掌管;负责 ④free of charge  免费 ⑤charge sb. (some money)for    ...因……向某人索要(……钱的)费用 ⑥charge sb. with   sth.因某事控告某人 例You can play football in the stadium free of charge if you are a member.如果你是会员,你可以在体育场免费踢足球。 He was in charge of the shop while the manager was away.→The shop was in the charge of him while the manager was away.经理不在时,他负责这家店。 How much did he charge you for repairing this pair of shoes?他修这双鞋要了你多少钱? The man who had taken charge of the company was charged with bribe-taking.掌管公司的那个人被指控受贿。 特别提醒 in charge of“负责,掌管”,主语通常为人,含主动意义;in the charge of“由……负责”,主语通常为物,含被动意义。 知识点12 permit v. (permitted, permitted, permitting)允许,准许,许可;使有可能 n.许可证,特许证 ①permit sb. sth.允许某人某事 ②permit doing sth.允许做某事 ③permit sb.to do   sth.允许某人做某事 ④time/weather permitting  (=if time/weather permits)如果时间/天气允许的话 ⑤a work/parking permit工作/停车许可证 例They don't permit talking loudly in the library.他们不允许在图书馆大声说话。 Permit me to offer you some advice.请允许我向你提些建议。 Weather permitting, a winter hike will be launched to get us close to nature and raise us students' health awareness. 天气允许的话,将举办冬日远足活动,让我们接近大自然并提高我们学生的健康意识。 特别提醒 permit既可以用于permit doing sth.,也可用于permit sb. to do sth.。有相同用法的动词还有advise、allow、forbid。 permission n.[U]许可,准许 without (sb.'s) permission未经(某人的)许可 例No one is permitted to take photos of the exhibits in the museum without permission.未经允许,任何人不得对博物馆内的展品拍照。 知识点13 relate v.相联系,有关联;讲述 ①relate...to    ...把……与……联系起来 ②relate to   涉及……;与……相关 例They are interested only in what relates to themselves.他们只对与自己有关的事感兴趣。 People tend to relate one's performance to his education background.人们往往会将一个人的表现与他的教育背景相联系。 ①related adj.有关的,有关联的 be related to与……有关 例Besides, to get our knowledge enriched, we should actively participate in some activities that are related to reading.此外,为了丰富我们的知识,我们应该积极参加一些与阅读有关的活动。 ②relation n.联系,关联;亲属 in relation to有关,涉及;相对某事物而言 例There is no doubt that your disease is in relation to your unhealthy diet.毫无疑问,你的疾病与你不健康的饮食有关。 ③relative adj.相对的;相关联的 n.亲戚;亲属 ④relatively adv.相对地 知识点14 astonish v.使吃惊,使惊讶 It astonishes/astonished sb.that  ...令某人感到吃惊的是…… It astonished me that she still remembered my name.我真没想到她还记得我的名字。 ①astonished adj.感到十分惊讶的 be astonished at/by sth.对某事感到十分惊讶 be astonished to find/hear...惊讶地发现/听说…… 例We were astonished to hear that their football team had won the championship.听说他们的足球队获得了冠军,我们都很惊讶。 ②astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 ③astonishment n.惊讶;吃惊 in astonishment吃惊地 to one's astonishment令某人惊讶的是 例The moment she opened the box, her eyes widened in astonishment.她一打开盒子,就吃惊地睁大了双眼。 To our astonishment, he was not astonished at/by the astonishing news.令我们惊讶的是,他对这则惊人的消息并不感到惊讶。 知识点15 distinguish v.看清;认出;区分;辨别;使有特色 distinguish A from  B=distinguish between A and B区分A与B 例Learning about laws can help teenagers distinguish right from wrong.→Learning about laws can help teenagers distinguish between right and wrong.学习法律可以帮助青少年明辨是非。 distinguished adj.著名的;杰出的;高贵的 be distinguished for...因……而著名 例Distinguished for its attractive scenery, Hangzhou witnesses a large number of tourists every year.杭州以其迷人的风景而闻名遐迩,每年都有大量的游客来杭州游玩。 知识点16 surround v.环绕,围绕;喜欢结交 ①be surrounded by /with...被……围绕/环绕 ②surround oneself　with   sb./sth.和某人/某物在一起 例We are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.我们周围是一个自然的游乐场,非常适合散步、洞穴探察、爬山和骑自行车。 It is wise to surround yourself with people who have a high level of self-discipline.和一些高度自律的人在一起是明智的。 ①surrounding adj.周围的;附近的 ②surroundings n.环境 知识点17 what引导名词性从句 ①what常用来引导名词性从句,即主语从句 、宾语从句   、表语从句和同位语从句。 ②what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点:一是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义,常表示“……的事物”“所……的”“……的样子”等;二是它在相应的名词性从句中一定作成分,常作主语、　宾语   或表语。 例I have no idea what they are talking about.我不知道他们正在谈论什么。 China is not what it was more than 50 years ago.中国不是五十多年前的样子了。 People gathered round, curious to know what was happening.人们聚拢过来,很想知道正在发生的事情。 What troubles me most is that I don't know how to tell her the bad news.最使我苦恼的是我不知道该怎样告诉她这个坏消息。 知识点18 全部倒装 ①有时为了使句子保持平衡或为了强调表语或为了使上下文衔接更加紧密,将作表语的形容词或介词短语提前至句首,构成“表语+连系动词+主语 ”结构。 ②表示地点、方位或时间的副词,如here、 there、 in、 out、 up、 down、 away、ahead、 now、 then 等以及表示地点的介词短语,如in front of、 at the foot of等位于句首时,句子用全部倒装。此时谓语动词一般为be动词或lie、 come、 go、stand等动词,且句子的主语为名词。如果句子的主语是代词,则不用倒装。 ③有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的现在分词短语、过去分词 短语置于句首,句子进行全部倒装。 例Present at the meeting were experts on AIDS.出席会议的是艾滋病方面的专家。 Then came a familiar voice, which made Jane wild with joy.接着传来一个熟悉的声音,这使简欣喜若狂。 In front of the classroom stands a tall tree.教室前矗立着一棵高高的树。 Lying on the floor was a boy aged about twelve.躺在地上的是一个大约十二岁的男孩。 Seated in the front were the guests.坐在前排的是客人。 知识点19 immediately adv.即刻,马上 conj.一……就…… immediately除了作副词外,还可作连词,意为“一……就……”,引导时间状语 从句。有类似用法的词(组)还有instantly、directly、 the instant、the moment、the minute等。 例The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise.那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进房间。 immediate adj.立即的;当前的;直接的 知识点20 occur vi.(occurred, occurred, occurring)发生;出现;存在于 ①occur in/among...存在于……;出现在…… ②occur to   sb.(主意或想法突然)被某人想起 ③It occurs to sb. to do    sth.某人想起做某事。 ④It occurs to sb. that    ...某人想起…… 例He would always set down new ideas that occurred to him.他总是把他想到的新想法写下来。 It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.她立刻意识到这是海啸即将来临的征兆。 It never occurred to him to turn to anyone for help when he failed in doing business.当他做生意失败时,他从未想过向任何人求助。 ①occurrence n.发生;发生的事 ②表示“某人(突然)想起……”的表达还有:It strikes/hits/comes to sb. that...和sth. strikes/hits/ comes to sb.。 知识点21 announcement n.[C](一项)公告,布告,通告;[U](指行动)宣布,宣告 make an  announcement (about sth.)发出(关于某事的)公告 例The school made an announcement about holding an English speech contest the next Monday, which made me very excited.学校宣布下周一举办英语演讲比赛,这让我很激动。 ①announce v.宣布,宣告(决定、计划等);广播通知 announce that...宣布…… announce sth. to sb.向某人宣布某事 It is/was announced that...据宣布…… 例It is announced that there will be a celebration on National Day.据宣布,国庆节将要举行一场庆祝活动。 ②announcer n.广播员;播音员 知识点22 reliable adj.可信赖的,可靠的 ①rely vi.依靠;信任 rely on/upon(=depend on/upon)依赖;信任 rely on/upon sb./sth. to do sth.依赖/信任某人/某物做某事 rely on/upon it that...相信……;指望…… 例You can rely on it that my introduction and efforts can deepen visitors' understanding of traditional Chinese culture.你可以相信,我的介绍和努力可以加深游客对中国传统文化的了解。 ②unreliable adj.不可靠的 ③reliably adv.可靠地 知识点23 rescue n.& vt.营救,解救 ①rescue workers/teams/boats/helicopters救援人员/队/船只/直升机 ②come to    one's rescue前来营救某人 ③rescue sb./sth.from   ...把某人/某物从……中营救出来 例When we were in trouble,a stranger came to our rescue with a generous donation.当我们陷入困境时,一位陌生人慷慨解囊来救助我们。 With the help of a ladder, neighbors were able to rescue the children from the blaze.邻居们借助一把梯子把孩子们从大火中救了出来。 rescuer n.救援者 知识点24 claim v.(战争、事故等)夺去(生命);声称;索要,索取 n.声明;要求,索赔 ①claim (that)...声称…… ②claim 　to be    sb.声称是某人 ③claim to do sth./　to have done    sth.声称要做某事/做了某事 ④It is/was claimed that...　据说……     ⑤make a claim 　for   提出……要求/索赔 例He claimed to be the richest man in the world.他自称是世界上最富有的人。 They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease.他们声称已经发现了治疗此病的一种药物。 It is claimed that the new regulations will be carried out next month.据说新规章制度会在下个月实行。 He entered the manager's office and made a claim for higher pay.他走进经理的办公室,提出更高报酬的要求。 知识点25 threaten v.威胁到,危及 ①threaten sb. with    sth.用某物威胁某人 ②threaten to do   sth.威胁要做某事 例The earth today is threatened by pollution and the climate emergency.今天的地球遭受污染和气候紧急状态的威胁。(The Guardian) Our neighbour threatened to call the police if we didn't stop the noise.我们的邻居威胁说,如果我们不停止喧闹,就要报警。 On Halloween, children usually wear strange costumes, knock on their neighbors' doors and threaten them with “trick or treat”.在万圣节前夕,孩子们通常穿上古怪的服装去敲邻居的门,威胁他们说“不给糖就捣乱”。 ①threat n.威胁,恐吓;凶兆;构成威胁的人/事物 a threat to sb./sth.对某人/某物的威胁 under threat (of...)受到(……的)威胁 例Water is one of our most critical resources, but around the world it is under threat.水是我们最重要的资源之一,但在世界范围内,它正受到威胁。 ②threatening adj.恐吓的;威胁的 知识点26 shelter n.[U]庇护,掩蔽;[C]庇护处,避难处 vi.躲避 vt.保护;掩蔽 ①take shelter from    ...躲避…… ②under   the shelter of...在……的庇护下 ③shelter sb./sth. from    ...保护某人/某物免受…… 例We took shelter from the rain in a cave.我们在一个山洞里避雨。 They were standing under the shelter of a huge tree.他们站在一棵大树下躲着。 Parents always want to shelter children from danger in society, but it does not help to build up their independence. 父母总是想保护孩子在社会上免受危险,但这并不能帮助建立他们的自立。 知识点27 sb. was/were doing sth. when...某人正在做某事,这时(突然)…… 在“sb. was/were doing sth. when...”句式中,when作并列连词,连接两个并列分句。第一个分句用过去进行时,第二个分句用　一般过去时    。 例Last Monday, I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.上周一,我正在街上散步,这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。 when作并列连词,还可以用于下列句型中: ①sb. had just done sth. when...某人刚做完某事,这时(突然)…… 例I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang.在辛苦了一天之后我刚刚就寝,这时电话铃响了。 ②sb. was/were about to do sth. when...=sb. was/were on the point of doing sth. when...某人正要做某事,这时(突然)…… 例He was about to watch TV when there was a power failure.=He was on the point of watching TV when there was a power failure.他正要看电视,这时突然停电了。 知识点28 独立主格结构 ①独立主格结构可由“名词或代词+非谓语动词(现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式)”构成, 现在分词 表示动词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语为主动关系或动作正在进行, 过去分词 表示动词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语为被动关系或动作已经完成,过去分词  表示动作将要发生。独立主格结构还可由“名词或代词+介词短语/形容词/名词/副词”构成。 ②独立主格结构与句子其他部分用逗号隔开,在句中一般作状语,常表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等。 例Dad looked at me, tears welling up in his eyes.爸爸看着我,热泪盈眶。 Homework finished, the boy went to bed.家庭作业做完后,这个男孩上床睡觉了。 No one to wake me up, I might be late for the first class.如果没人叫醒我,我第一节课可能会迟到的。 The little girl entered the room, her face red with cold.小女孩走进房间,脸冻红了。 Dark clouds in the sky, it is going to rain soon.天空乌云密布,很快就要下雨了。 知识点29 现在进行时的被动语态 一、现在进行时的被动语态的含义 现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作,强调主语是动作的承受者。 二、现在进行时的被动语态的构成 用法归纳 现在进行时的被动语态的构成： 1. 肯定式：主语+am/is/are+being done 2. 否定式：主语+am/is/are+not being done 3. 一般疑问式：Am/Is/Are+主语+being done? 4. 特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+am/is/are(+主语)+being done? 例Some trees in the park are being cut down.公园里的一些树正在被砍倒。 The engineer is not being treated fairly.这位工程师没有被公平地对待。 Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse? 这些婴儿正在被这个护士照顾吗? Who is being trained for the coming English speech contest?为了即将到来的英语演讲比赛,谁正在被培训? 三、现在进行时的被动语态的用法 用法归纳 1.表示说话时现在进行的被动动作,句中常有now、at the moment等时间状语; 2.表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行); 3.表示按计划、安排主语将要承受的动作(仅限于少数及物动词); 4.表示说话者的赞扬 、羡慕、厌恶等感情色彩,常与always、constantly、forever等词连用; 5.与某些情态动词连用,表示对正在发生的动作的推测。 例He is being treated in China now.他现在正在中国接受治疗。 Preparations are being made for the activity in our school.在我们学校,(人们)正在为这场活动做准备。 A party is being held tonight.今晚将要举行一场联欢会。 Tom is always being praised by the teacher.汤姆总是被这位老师表扬。 He may be being interviewed by reporters at the moment.他此刻可能正在被记者们采访。 四、使用现在进行时的被动语态应注意的问题 用法归纳 1.含有介词的动词短语用于现在进行时的被动语态时,其中的介词不可省略; 2.“be (am/is/are)+under/in/on+n.”结构有时可相当于现在进行时的被动语态; 3.一些表示状态、拥有等的动词(短语),如stay、have、belong to等不用于现在进行时的被动语态。 例Look! The children are being taken care of by their aunt.瞧!孩子们正由他们的姨妈照看着。 The telephone is in use (=is being used) now.这部电话现在正在使用中。 The book belongs to him.这本书属于他。 知识点30 过去将来时 一、过去将来时的含义 用法归纳 过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于宾语从句中。 例They never knew that the population would become a big problem.他们从来都不知道人口数量将会成为一个大问题。 Betty said she would visit the Great Wall the next Saturday.贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。 二、过去将来时的结构及其用法 用法归纳1 用于“would/should+动词原形    ”结构。would可用于各种人称,should多用 于第一人称;should和would可缩写为“'d”, should not和would not的缩写形式分别为shouldn't和wouldn't。 例He said he would go to the north for his holiday.他曾说他会去北方度假。 We thought that we should never see you again.我们想我们再也看不到你了。 用法归纳2 用于“was/were+going to+动词原形”结构。该结构有两个主要用法,一是表示过去打算或计划要做的事情;二是表示在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生某事。 例They told me that they were going to have a picnic.他们告诉我他们将要去野餐。 It seemed as if it was going to rain.看来好像要下雨。 用法归纳3 用于“was/were+现在分词”结构。come、go、leave、arrive、start等非延续性动词在该结构中常用过去进行时 代替过去将来时,表示在过去看来即将发生的动作。 例I didn't know they were coming.我并不知道他们要来。 He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说火车第二天早晨六点钟出发。 用法归纳4 用于“was/were to+动词原形”结构。该结构有两个主要用法,一是表示过去计划或安排   将要做的事情;二是表示“命中注定要发生的事情”,此时并非单纯地指过去的将来。 例She said she was to take up the position.她说她计划接任那个职位。 The experience he gained was to change his later life.他获得的经验注定会改变他以后的人生。 用法归纳5 用于“was/were about to+动词原形 ”结构。该结构表示过去即将发生的事情,由于本身已含有“即将”的意味,所以一般不与具体的时间状语连用。 例I was about to go out when a friend dropped in.我刚要出去,这时来了一个朋友。 We were about to go into the cinema when Mary appeared.我们正要走进电影院,这时玛丽出现了。 特别提醒 在主从复合句中,如果主句是过去将来时,那么在由when、while、before、after等引导的时间状语从句中,或由if和unless引导的条件状语从句及though、although、even if等引导的让步状语从句中,要用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 Tom said that he would give me a present if I won the match.汤姆当时说如果我能赢得比赛,他就会送我一个礼物。 知识点32 省略 无论在口语中还是在书面语中,有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便,常常在不影响文意的情况下将句子中的某些成分略去,这种现象称为省略。 一、简单句中的省略 1.祈使句的省略 用法归纳 在祈使句中,通常省略主语you。 例(You) Go down this street and turn right at the second crossing.(你)沿着这条街走,然后在第二个十字路口向右拐。 (You) Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.(你)把不同类型的衣服放在房间不同的表面上。 2.There be句型的省略 用法归纳 在there be句型的疑问句中,通常省略be动词(Is/Are/Was/Were)+there。 例(Is there) Anything else?(还有)别的东西吗? 3.感叹句的省略 用法归纳 在what或how引出的感叹句中常省略主语和be动词。 例What a beautiful city (it is)!(这是)多么美丽的城市呀! How wonderful (it is)!多妙啊! 二、并列复合句中的省略 用法归纳 在由and或but连接的并列复合句中,常省略一些重复的词或词组。 例The news made me angry, but (the news made) John happy.这条消息使我生气,却让约翰高兴。 三、主从复合句中的省略 1.宾语从句的省略 用法归纳 在宾语从句中,连接词that常省略;但一个动词带有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句时,只能省略第一个that。 例He said (that) the text was very important.他说这篇课文很重要。 Then the teacher began to tell us something about the French language, saying (that) it was the most beautiful tongue in the world, and that we must keep it among us and never forget it. 接着老师开始告诉我们关于法语的一些事情,他说法语是世界上最美的语言,我们必须保留这种语言,不能忘记。 2.状语从句的省略 用法归纳 在表示条件、时间、地点、方式或让步等的状语从句中,如果谓语含有be动词,且从句的主语又和主句中的主语一致,或者从句的主语是it 时,常把从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。 例If (it is) necessary, I will turn to you for help.如果有必要的话,我会向你求助的。 Though (he is) a young man, he has made several inventions.虽然还是个年轻人,但他已经有好几项发明了。 3.定语从句的省略 用法归纳 若引导限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语 ,那么该关系代词一般可省略,但whom、which紧跟在介词后时不能省略。 例The car (which/that) his father gave him as a birthday present was stolen.他父亲送给他作为生日礼物的那辆汽车被盗了。 四、几种特殊的省略 1.比较结构的省略 用法归纳 在“the+比较级..., the+比较级...” 结构中,常会有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。 例The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be). (你做得)越快,(结果就会)越好。 2.不定式符号to的省略 用法归纳1 并列的不定式可省去后面的to。 例His wish is to earn a lot of money and (to) buy his mother a big house.他的愿望是赚很多钱,并给他的妈妈买一所大房子。 用法归纳2 某些使役动词如make、let、have等和感官动词如see、watch、notice、observe等,其后作宾补的不定式常省略to,但若这些动词用于被动语态,则to不能省略。 例My mother wouldn't let me go to see the film.我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。 He was noticed to leave the office.有人注意到他离开了办公室。 用法归纳3 介词but (除了)、except前有实义动词do的某种形式时,后面的不定式不带to。 例All he could do was nothing but wait and see.他所能做的只有等等看。 用法归纳4 主语从句中若含有动词do的某种形式时,后面作表语的不定式的to可带可不带。 例What he wanted to do was (to) become a skillful worker.他的愿望是成为一名技术熟练的工人。 3.介词的省略 用法归纳1 在英语中一些固定短语中的介词常被省略,常见的有spend time (in) doing sth.;have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.;prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth.;be busy (in) doing sth.;have a good/hard time (in) doing sth.等。 例She spends half an hour (in) reading every day.她每天花半小时读书。 The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。 用法归纳2 表示时间 意义的名词前有any、every、next、first、last、this、that等词加以修饰,并在句中用作时间状语时,可以省去相应的介词。 例There were plenty of empty seats (on) that night.那天晚上有许多的空位。 I shall start (in) this week and return (in) next week.我这周启程,下周返回。 4.虚拟语气中的省略 用法归纳1 动词suggest (建议)、 advise、propose、 insist (坚决要求)、 demand、 require (要求)、command、recommend、 order等后的宾语从句及 例“It is important/necessary/strange/...that...”句型中的主语从句中常省略表虚拟语气的should。 Some classmates suggest we (should) go to places of interest nearby.有些同学建议我们去附近的名胜古迹。 It is necessary that we (should) learn more words by heart.我们有必要多背一些单词。 用法归纳2 如果虚拟条件句中含有were、had或 should,有时可将if省略,把were、had或should移到主语之前。 例Had you come here yesterday, you would have met her.=If you had come here yesterday, you would have met her. 如果你昨天来这儿的话,你就会见到她了。 Were I you, I would apply for the job.=If I were you, I would apply for the job.如果我是你,我就会申请那份工作。 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 单句语法填空 1.On the first day of school, the teacher greeted her students 　　　　　 a warm smile and the students exchanged 　　　　　(greet) with each other.  2.The ancient compass used for navigation in the Ming Dynasty is 　　　　　exhibition, with a map showing maritime trade routes next to it.  3.(2025山西名校联考)Fear and excitement mixed inside me as I imagined all the students 　　　　　(wait) for me.  4.(2025广东汕头期中)With food, necessities and cookers 　　　　　(load) into the car, the family squeezed into the car.   5.(2025广东实验中学期末)Since their own house　　　　　(rebuild), they have no alternative but to live with their parents for the moment.  6.He tripped on the stairs 　　　　　 accident and dropped his phone.  7.(2025新课标Ⅱ)“What is your name?” is a question most 　　　　　(frequent) asked when people meet for the first time.  8.(2025广东广州月考)Li and her team are also fond 　　　　　 showing the details of the cooking processes of varieties of traditional Chinese dishes.   9.(2025湖北名校期中联考)The study's findings are based 　　　　　(most) on European data, so the results may not apply to other populations.   10.Our school will hold an art festival, including many activities ranging from singing competitions 　　　　　 talk shows.  11.After playing outside all day, the children came home with 　　　　　(dirt) clothes and muddy shoes.  12.We should sing high praises 　　　　　 the firefighters who bravely risked their lives saving others during the wildfire.  13.The competition 　　　　　(sponsor) by a high-tech company aimed to find the most brilliant minds in the country.  14.(2025新课标Ⅱ)Consider 　　　　　(fail) as a stepping stone to success and never give up.  15.The stairs leading to the concert hall were 　　　　　(crowd) with excited fans waiting to get in.  16.The 　　　　　(thrill) exhibition of contemporary art left visitors amazed by its creative designs and vivid color combinations.  17.(2025四川成都市实验外国语学校月考)With a variety of teaching methods, the teacher got the complex idea across to the students who were 　　　　　(initial) confused and struggled to understand.  18.(2025江西南昌二中月考)A well-chosen joke can have a big impact when you are speaking to a crowd or attempting 　　　　　(ease) a tense meeting.  19.In addition, I have a good command of English, thus 　　　　　(make) it easy for me to communicate well with the foreigners.  20.(2024新课标Ⅰ)Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must 　　　　　(confirm) in advance.  21.(2025江苏盐城期末)I grew up, with the Beatles's music 　　　　　(accompany) me every step of the way.  22.Get a load of the new design, and you will 　　　　　(gradual) understand why it's so popular.  23.Tony wound up the new toy car and let it run across the room, making his little brother 　　　　　(fascinate) by the magic.  24.(2025江苏长泾中学月考)Their achievements have already been analyzed in 　　　　　(deep) and do not require further discussion.  25.(2022新高考Ⅰ)“Talk and Talk” is an English program which provides students with a variety of topics to 　　　　　(broad) their horizons.  26.(2021新高考Ⅰ)But that's how nature is—always leaving us 　　　　　(astonish).  27.Many students who are learning English as a foreign language can't distinguish American English 　　　　　 British English.  28.(2022新高考Ⅰ)The elderly 　　　　　(resident) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.  29.(2025河南郑州外国语学校月考)Sadly, the 　　　　　(intense) of the emotions that movies produce in us may be decreasing.  30.(2025河南南阳六校期末)　　　　　(surround) by mountains all around, the Old Town of Lijiang is neither cold in winter nor hot in summer.  31.People aren't permitted 　　　　　 (park) their cars on the narrow roads in this neighborhood.  32.(2024北京)I was reading a book in the classroom when there was an　　　　　(announce).  33.With the wind picking up, the captain 　　　　　(immediate) ordered the sails to be lowered to ensure the safety of the ship.  34.Despite many dangers and challenges on the way up the mountain, the climbers finally made 　　　　　 to the top of the mountain.  35.(2025新课标Ⅰ)Similar campaigns 　　　　　(occur) in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.   36.(2025河北唐山期中)With a heavy rain approaching, we all stopped working to take shelter 　　　　　 the rain.  37.A recent study reported that planting 　　　　　(billion) of trees was the cheapest and most effective way to help deal with global warming.  38.You won't find such a camping place anywhere else, but you have to look out 　　　　　 spiders and snakes.  39.Academics and employers are concerned that students are not 　　　　　(sufficient) prepared for college courses.  40.They have yet 　　　　　(show) that they can help the local residents get easier access to the Internet.   41.(2025山东济南二中月考)I struggled in the seawater and kept on 　　　　　(wave) my hands.  42.(2025湖南名校期中联考)These problems 　　　　　(threat) not only wildlife but also our future, leading to health problems, extreme weather, and resource shortages.  43.There are some health problems that, when not 　　　　　(treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on.  1.【答案】with;greetings　 【详解】考查介词和名词。句意:开学第一天,老师以温暖的笑容迎接学生,同学们也互相致以问候。greet sb. with sth.意为“用某种方式迎接/问候某人”,故第一空填with;exchange greetings意为“互相问候”,为固定用法,故第二空填greetings。 2. 【答案】on　 【详解】考查介词。句意:明代用于航行的古老罗盘正在展出,旁边是一幅标注着海上贸易路线的地图。on exhibition在展览中。 3. 【答案】waiting　 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当我想象着所有学生都在等着我时,恐惧和兴奋在我内心交织。imagine sb. doing sth.意为“想象某人做某事”。故填waiting。 4. 【答案】loaded　 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:把食物、必需品和炊具都装上车后,一家人挤进了车里。“With food, necessities and cookers 　　　(load) into the car”为 with 的复合结构,宾语“food, necessities and cookers”和动词load之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填loaded。  5. 【答案】is being rebuilt　 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:由于他们自己的房子正在重建,所以他们别无选择,只能暂时和父母住在一起。分析句子可知,句中Since引导原因状语从句,设空处为从句的谓语。根据句意及空后“they have no alternative but to live with their parents for the moment”可知,本空表示现在正在进行的动作,且从句主语their own house为第三人称单数,和动词rebuild之间为被动关系,故本空应用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being rebuilt。 6. 【答案】by　 【详解】考查介词。句意:他不小心在楼梯上绊了一脚,手机也掉了。by accident意为“偶然;意外地”。 7. 【答案】frequently　 【详解】考查副词。句意:“你叫什么名字?” 是人们初次见面时最常问的一个问题。本空修饰过去分词asked,应用副词形式。故填frequently。 8. 【答案】of　 【详解】考查介词。句意:李和她的团队也喜欢展示各种中国传统菜肴烹饪过程的细节。be fond of...意为“喜欢……”。 9. 【答案】mostly　 【详解】考查副词。句意:这项研究的发现多半基于欧洲的数据,因此其结果可能不适用于其他人群。本空修饰动词短语are based on, 故应用副词mostly, 意为“多半;大多地”。 10. 【答案】to　 【详解】考查介词。句意:我们的学校将举办一场艺术节,包括很多活动,从歌唱比赛到脱口秀都有。range from...to...意为“包括从……到……之间的各类事物”。 11. 【答案】dirty　 【详解】考查形容词。句意:在外面玩了一整天之后,孩子们穿着脏衣服和沾满泥浆的鞋子回家了。本空修饰名词clothes,应用形容词形式。设空处表示“肮脏的,不干净的”,故填dirty。 12. 【答案】for　 【详解】考查介词。句意:我们应该高度赞扬那些在野火中勇敢冒着生命危险拯救他人的消防员。sing high praises for意为“高度赞扬”。 13. 【答案】sponsored　 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这项由一家高科技公司赞助的比赛力求寻找这个国家最聪明的人。本空在句中作定语,修饰名词competition,被修饰名词和动词sponsor之间为被动关系,故本空应用过去分词形式。 14. 【答案】failure　 【详解】考查名词。句意:把失败视为通往成功的垫脚石,永远不要放弃。设空处位于动词Consider后,作宾语,应用名词,failure意为“失败”时,为不可数名词。故填failure。 15. 【答案】crowded　 【详解】考查形容词。句意:通往音乐厅的楼梯上挤满了等待入场的兴奋的乐迷。be crowded with意为“挤满,满是”,故本空应用形容词crowded。 16. 【答案】thrilling　 【详解】考查形容词。句意:这场精彩的当代艺术展览让参观者对其富有创意的设计和生动的色彩搭配惊叹不已。设空处修饰名词exhibition, 应用形容词形式,此处意为“令人兴奋不已的”,故填thrilling。 17. 【答案】initially　 【详解】考查副词。句意:通过各种各样的教学方法,老师成功地向那些最初感到困惑和难以理解的学生阐释了这个复杂的概念。该空位于were后,作状语,应用副词形式。故填initially。 18. 【答案】to ease　 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当你面对众人讲话或试图缓解紧张会议时,一则精心挑选的笑话能够产生很大的影响。attempt to do sth.意为“尝试做某事, 试图做某事”, 故本空应用不定式形式作宾语。故填to ease。 19. 【答案】making　 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:此外,我的英语掌握得很好,所以我很容易和外国人进行良好的沟通。根据句意可知,本空在句中作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词形式。故填making。 20. 【答案】be confirmed　 【详解】考查被动语态。句意:五人或五人以上的组需要特殊安排,并且必须事先确认。动词confirm和句子主语Groups of five or more之间为被动关系,故本空应用被动语态。空前为情态动词must,故填be confirmed。 21. 【答案】accompanying　 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我长大了,披头士乐队的音乐陪伴着我走过每一步。此处考查with的复合结构,宾语the Beatles's music与accompany之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式作宾语补足语。故填accompanying。 22. 【答案】gradually　 【详解】考查副词。句意:瞧瞧那个新的设计,你就会逐渐明白为什么它如此受欢迎。本空修饰动词understand,故应用副词gradually。 23. 【答案】fascinated　 【详解】考查形容词。句意:托尼给新的玩具汽车上了发条,让车在房间里跑,这使他的弟弟对这一魔力着迷。分析句子可知,此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构,设空处作宾语补足语,修饰宾语his little brother,表示人的状态,应用形容词形式,故填fascinated。 24. 【答案】depth　 【详解】考查名词。句意:他们的成就已经得到了深入分析,不需要进一步讨论。设空处作介词in的宾语,应用名词形式。in depth意为“全面;深入;详细”。故填depth。 25. 【答案】broaden　 【详解】考查动词。句意:“Talk and Talk”是一个英语节目,它为学生提供了各种各样的话题,以开阔他们的视野。句中不定式短语作目的状语,to后接动词原形,故填broaden,意为“拓宽”。 26. 【答案】astonished　 【详解】考查形容词。句意:但是大自然就是这样——总是让我们感到惊讶。设空处作宾补,表示人的感受,意为“感到惊讶的”,应用动词-ed形式。故填astonished。 27. 【答案】from　 【详解】考查介词。句意:许多把英语作为外语学习的学生分不清美式英语和英式英语。distinguish A from B意为“区分A与B”。 28. 【答案】residents　 【详解】考查名词复数。句意:为了不让老人感到孤独,伦敦养老院的老年居民被安排照顾母鸡。设空处在句中作主语,根据句中的谓语are being given可知,主语应为名词复数形式。故填residents。 29. 【答案】intensity　 【详解】考查名词。句意:可悲的是,电影给我们带来的情感强度可能正在下降。设空处位于定冠词the后,应用名词形式,故填intensity,意为“强度”。 30. 【答案】Surrounded　 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:丽江古城四面环山,冬不冷夏不热。句中主语the Old Town of Lijiang与surround之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作状语,设空处位于句首,首字母大写。故填Surrounded。 31. 【答案】to park　 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在这个社区,人们不被允许把车停在狭窄的道路上。be permitted to do sth.意为“被允许做某事”,park在此处为动词,意为“停车”。故填to park。 32. 【答案】announcement　 【详解】考查名词。句意:我正在教室里看书,这时有一则通知。根据空前不定冠词an可知,此处应用单数名词,设空处意为“通知,公告”,故填announcement。 33. 【答案】immediately　 【详解】考查副词。句意:随着风力的增强,船长立即下令降帆,以确保船只的安全。本空修饰动词ordered,应用副词形式。故填immediately。 34. 【答案】it　 【详解】考查代词。句意:尽管在上山的路上有许多危险和挑战,登山者们最终还是成功到达了山顶。make it to意为“成功抵达;赶上”。 35. 【答案】occurred　 【详解】考查时态。句意:在20世纪60年代末和70年代,澳大利亚也开展了类似的运动。该空在句中充当谓语,根据时间状语in the late 1960s and 1970s可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填occurred。 36. 【答案】from　 【详解】考查介词。句意:随着一场大雨即将来临,我们都停止了工作,去躲雨。take shelter from...为固定短语,意为“躲避……”。 37. 【答案】billions　 【详解】考查数词。句意:最近的一项研究指出,种植数十亿棵树是帮助应对全球变暖最便宜、最有效的方法。billion前没有确切的数字时,常在其后加-s。 38. 【答案】for　 【详解】考查介词。句意:在其他任何地方你都找不到这样一个露营的地方,但是你必须小心蜘蛛和蛇。look out for意为“当心,留意”。 39. 【答案】sufficiently　 【详解】考查副词。句意:学者和雇用者都担心学生们对大学课程没有做好足够准备。设空处修饰形容词prepared,应用副词形式,故填sufficiently。 40. 【答案】to show　 【详解】考查固定结构。句意:他们还没有表明他们可以帮助当地居民更容易地上网。have yet to do sth.意为“还没有做某事”。 41. 【答案】waving　 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我在海水中挣扎,不停地挥舞着双手。keep on doing sth.意为“继续做某事”,本空应用动名词作宾语。故填waving。 42. 【答案】threaten　 【详解】考查动词。句意:这些问题不仅威胁着野生动物,也威胁着我们的未来,导致健康问题、极端天气和资源短缺。设空处在句中充当谓语,该句主语为These problems,且陈述的是客观事实,谓语动词应用一般现在时。故填threaten。 43. 【答案】treated　 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:有些健康问题如果不及时治疗,以后可能就会变成更大的问题。此处为状语从句的省略,省略了主语和be动词,treat和其逻辑主语problems之间是被动关系,应用过去分词,故填treated。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） （1） 一．完成句子 1.(2022全国甲写作)然而,海洋正在被破坏。是我们采取有效措施保护海洋的时候了。 However, the sea 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　. It is high time that we　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 it.  2.The boys and girls are decorating the classrooms for the New Year party.(用现在进行时的被动语态改写句子) →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  3.Look out! Don't get too close to the house whose roof is under repair.(用现在进行时的被动语态改写句子) →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  二．语篇填空 　　Scientists say that global warming isn't the only serious problem that human beings face. At present, we 1.　　　　　　(threaten) by the decline and even extinction of many species. It's said that half of all insects worldwide have been declining since the 1970s. A new warning is that over 40 percent of insect species may die out in the future. According to some researchers, the number of insects 2.　　　　　　(become) smaller and smaller every year.  　　In addition, Dave Goulson, a professor at the University of Sussex, said that a lot of insects 3.　　　　　　(kill) these days by pesticides(杀虫剂) used for farming and gardening. He told reporters, “Three quarters of our crops depend on insect pollinators(传花粉者). If we don't take any measures, we won't even have fruit like strawberries. Actually, a large quantity of rice 4.　　　　　　(consume) every day. But without insects, there would not be enough crops to feed the world's population.”  一．【答案】1.is being destroyed; took effective measures to protect 2.The classrooms are being decorated by the boys and girls for the New Year party. 3.Look out! Don't get too close to the house whose roof is being repaired. 二．1.【答案】are being threatened　 【详解】句意:目前,我们正受到许多物种减少甚至灭绝的威胁。此处表示现阶段正在进行的动作,且主语we与threaten之间为被动关系,应用现在进行时的被动语态。故填are being threatened。 2. 【答案】is becoming　 【详解】句意:根据一些研究人员的说法,昆虫的数量一年比一年少。根据语境可知,此处应用现在进行时,主语为the number of insects,谓语应用单数。故填is becoming。 3. 【答案】are being killed　 【详解】句意:此外,萨塞克斯大学的教授Dave Goulson说,目前很多昆虫都被用于农业和园艺的杀虫剂杀死了。 根据时间状语these days可知,此处表示现阶段正在进行的动作,insects与kill之间是被动关系,应用现在进行时的被动语态。故填are being killed。 4. 【答案】is being consumed　 【详解】句意:事实上,每天都有大量的大米被吃掉。 根据语境可知此处应用现在进行时, a large quantity of rice与consume之间是被动关系,应用现在进行时的被动语态;a quantity of后接不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。故填is being consumed。 （2） 一．单句语法填空 1.(2025北京)Little did I realize that single moment 　　　　　(ruin) everything.  2.The dark clouds in the sky meant that a storm 　　　　　(come).  3.(2024新课标Ⅰ)When I was about 　　　　　(give) up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend.  4.Jack was so busy when we saw him, because he 　　　　　(make) a speech the next day.  5.I didn't know when she would come, but when she　　　　　(come) I would let you know.   6.(2025湖南名校期中联考)This experience with Ava taught me a valuable lesson that I 　　　　　(carry) with me for the rest of my life.  二．根据语境,用所给词的正确时态补全短文 　　Two years ago, my mom told me that she 　1　(send) me to a private high school. I was so excited because I 　2　(start) a new chapter of my life. But actually, the first two weeks at the new school was the most difficult time of my entire life.  　　I was so homesick and I didn't know how to cheer myself up. To turn my attention, I threw myself into my studies. I wanted to keep every part of my day busy, so I 　3　(not think) about how lonely I felt. Gradually, I started to adapt myself to my new life. I just remember one afternoon, as I 　4　(leave) the classroom after school, my Chinese teacher walked to me and said that all my hard work 　5　(pay off) soon. Her words encouraged me greatly and made me more determined to make an effort.  　　Now I have entered my dream university. So if you put your effort into something,the result 　6　(not disappoint) you.  一．1.【答案】would ruin　 【详解】考查过去将来时。句意:我根本没想到,那一个瞬间竟会毁掉一切。根据语境可知,该空描述过去将要发生的动作,应用过去将来时,故填would ruin。 2. 【答案】was coming　 【详解】考查过去进行时代替过去将来时。句意:天空中的乌云预示暴风雨即将来临。was/were doing sth.表示过去将来时,多用于go、come、leave、start等表位移的动词,表示过去将要发生的情况。 3. 【答案】to give　 【详解】考查固定结构。句意:当我正要放弃的时候,Gunter拿出他的小手机,给一个朋友打了电话。be about to do sth.意为“正要做某事”,故本空应用不定式形式。 4. 【答案】would make　 【详解】考查过去将来时。句意:我们见到杰克时他很忙,因为他第二天要发表演讲。根据时间状语the next day可知此处表示过去将要发生的动作,应用过去将来时,故填would make。 5. 【答案】came　 【详解】考查一般过去时表示过去将来。句意:我不知道她什么时候来,但她来了我会告诉你。分析句子可知,but后的分句中主句I would let you know用的是过去将来时,所以when引导的时间状语从句应用一般过去时表示过去将来,故填came。 6. 【答案】would carry　 【详解】考查过去将来时。句意:和Ava的经历给我上了宝贵的一课,这一课将伴随我的余生。根据语境可知,此处应用过去将来时,故填would carry。 二．【答案】1.would send/was going to send　2.would start3.wouldn't think　4.was about to leave　5.would pay off6.won't disappoint （3） 一．将下列句子改写成省略句 1.He won't come to our party even if he is invited. → He won't come to our party 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　.  2.If it is necessary, I'll ask the teacher for help when I am faced with difficulties. →　　　　 　　　　, I'll ask the teacher for help when 　　　　 　　　　 difficulties.  3.If I were you, I would apply for the project. →　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, I would apply for the project.  4.His suggestion made John happy, but his suggestion made Mary angry. →His suggestion made John happy, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.  5.The first thing that we can do is to reduce waste as much as possible. →The first thing 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 reduce waste as much as possible.  二．用省略结构完成句子 1.(2025新课标Ⅰ)虽然它很友善,但它很容易将我侄女的年幼的儿子们以及我六个月大的孙女撞倒。 　　　　　 　　　　　, he could easily knock over my niece's small boys and my six-month-old granddaughter.  2.那个人突然停了下来,好像是要找什么东西。 Suddenly the man stopped, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.  3.我原本计划去拜访那位船长,但是我妈妈不让我去。 I'd planned to pay a visit to the captain, but 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.  4.杰克将马上到达聚会,但我知道约翰不会马上到达聚会。 Jack will arrive at the party immediately, but 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.  5.(2025湖南长沙八校期中联考)参与者在他们的环境中旅行时可以体验到共享的现实。 The participants can experience a shared reality 　　　　　 　　　　　 through their environment.  一．【答案】1.even if invited　2.If necessary;faced with　3.Were I you　4.but Mary angry　5.we can do is 二．【答案】1.Though friendly　2.as if to look for something　3.my mother asked me not to　4.I know John won't　5.while/when travel(l)ing 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） （1） (2025四川遂宁高级实验中学月考) 　　The China International Search and Rescue Team 　1　(form) in 2001 and is now made up of several hundred rescue workers and about 20 sniffer dogs. The team brings help and hope to those 　2　 lives are changed by a typhoon, flood, earthquake, or any other natural disaster.   　　After long and careful training, the team went on its first international rescue missions in 2003. That year the Chinese team helped save lives after earthquakes in Algeria and Iran. It was the first time that a Chinese team had worked outside China and the team won high praise 　3　 their bravery and skill. Since then, the team 　4　(complete) many missions. The list of people to whom help has been given is long. The team treated more than 3,000 people 　5　(injure) in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia and spent several months 　6　(give) aid to over 25,000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan.   　　Rescue workers are trained to find people, treat injuries, and hand out food, water and other 　7　(supply). They have to be able to do work that is difficult under conditions which can be 　8　(danger). And they even bury 　9　 dead. Rescue workers must have big hearts, too. It takes a lot of love and courage 　10　(risk) one's own life to save someone else.   语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国国际救援队的组成,开展的国际救援行动以及救援人员的工作内容与要求。 1. 【答案】was formed　 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:中国国际救援队成立于2001年,目前由数百名救援人员和大约二十只嗅探犬组成。设空处为句子的谓语,由时间状语in 2001可知,此处用一般过去时,且提示词form与主语The China International Search and Rescue Team之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为第三人称单数,谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填was formed。 2. 【答案】whose　 【详解】考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,结合语境可知,设空处为lives(生活)的定语,表示“那些人的生活”,设空处引导定语从句,先行词为those,所以用关系代词whose。 3. 【答案】for　 【详解】考查介词。win praise for...意为“因……赢得赞扬”。故填for。 4. 【答案】has completed/have completed　 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。设空处为句子的谓语,结合时间状语Since then可知,此处用现在完成时,主语为集体名词,强调整体时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;强调救援队中的很多个体时,谓语动词用复数形式。故填has completed或have completed。 5.【答案】injured　 【详解】考查过去分词。句意:该团队在2006年印度尼西亚地震中治疗了受伤的三千多人,并花了几个月的时间为2010年巴基斯坦水灾中的二万五千多名受害者提供了援助。分析句子结构可知,“　5　(injure) in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia”作后置定语,修饰名词people,提示词injure与people之间为被动关系,故用过去分词。故填injured。  6.【答案】giving　 【详解】考查动名词。此处是“spend time (in) doing sth.”结构,表示“花时间做某事”。故填giving。 7.【答案】supplies　 【详解】考查名词复数。句意:救援人员接受过搜寻人员、治疗伤口以及分发食品、水和其他补给品方面的训练。设空处表示“补给品”,应用复数形式。故填supplies。 8.【答案】dangerous　 【详解】考查形容词。设空处在which引导的定语从句中作表语,应用形容词形式,which指代conditions,故设空处填dangerous,意为“危险的”。 9.【答案】the　 【详解】考查冠词。句意:他们甚至还埋葬死者。这里表示一类人,用“the+形容词”结构,the dead意为“死者”。故填the。 10. 【答案】to risk　 【详解】考查不定式。句意:冒着自己的生命危险去救别人需要很多爱和勇气。分析句子可知,句中It作形式主语,此处应用不定式作真正的主语,构成“It takes+名词+to do sth.”句式。故填to risk。 （2） (2025吉林长春东北师大附中期末) 　　China has many famed explorers, one of 　1　 is Zhang Qian. He traveled into Central Asia, thus　2　(open) corridors(通道)of trade that became the Silk Road. Zheng He was a great explorer in the 15th century. These journeys 　3　(undertake)under the direction of governments; however, Xu Xiake was different.  　　Born in 1587, Xu Xiake grew up in a rich family. Yet he rejected the 　4　(comfort) life in an attempt to travel around the country. As one of the greatest land explorers, Xu Xiake is said 　5　(travel) tens of thousands of kilometers of Chinese mountains and rivers on foot in his lifetime. The written work of Xu Xiake's travel records and diaries contains some 600,000 Chinese characters, 　6　 enormous work for a single author of his time. It mixes 　7　(detail) of geography, botany and local history with the ratings of the lodgings(住宿) in the Ming Dynasty.  　　“On the surface, Xu's travel can neither be classified as great affairs of state 　8　 great undertakings that changed the course of history,” writes the cultural historian Zheng Peikai. “Xu traveled to satisfy his own 　9　(curious)—he traveled just to enjoy the sheer joy of traveling.”  　　Xu Xiake traveled across China for more than thirty years. In his fifties, he traveled to the tropical frontiers of Yunnan. Hundreds of years later we follow. 　10　(natural), he is the father of Chinese backpacking.  语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了明代著名探险家徐霞客的生平和他在旅行方面的成就。 1. 【答案】whom　 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:中国有许多著名的探险家,其中一个是张骞。分析句子可知,“one of 　1　” 引导定语从句,修饰先行词explorers,本空在从句中作介词of的宾语,指人,故应用关系代词whom。  2. 【答案】opening　 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他游历了中亚,从而开辟了成为丝绸之路的贸易通道。本空在句中作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词形式,故填opening。 3. 【答案】were undertaken　 【详解】考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:这些旅程是在政府的指导下进行的,然而,徐霞客则不同。设空处为谓语部分,本空动作发生在过去,且动词undertake和主语These journeys之间为被动关系,故本空应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为复数形式,故填were undertaken。 4. 【答案】comfortable　 【详解】考查形容词。句意:然而,他拒绝了舒适的生活,试图周游全国。本空修饰名词life,应用形容词作定语,故填comfortable。 5. 【答案】to have travel(l)ed　 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:作为最伟大的陆地探险家之一,据说徐霞客一生徒步游历了中国数万千米的山川。be said to have done sth.意为“据说已经做了某事”。不定式表示的动作发生在句子谓语表示的动作之前,故应用不定式的完成式。故填to have travel(l)ed。 6. 【答案】an　 【详解】考查冠词。句意:徐霞客的游记和日记的书面作品包含约600,000个汉字,对于他那个时代的一个作家来说是一部巨大的作品。空后名词work意为“作品”,为可数名词单数,此处表示泛指,空后的enormous发音以元音音素开头,故此处应用不定冠词an。 7. 【答案】details　 【详解】考查名词复数。detail意为“细节”时,为可数名词,根据下文“geography, botany and local history”可知,detail应用复数形式。 8. 【答案】nor　 【详解】考查连词。此处表示“徐霞客的旅行既不能归类为国家大事,也不能归类为改变历史进程的伟大事业”。neither...nor...意为“既不……也不……”,故本空应用连词nor。 9. 【答案】curiosity　 【详解】考查名词。本空作动词satisfy的宾语,应用名词形式。satisfy one's curiosity意为“满足某人的好奇心”。 10. 【答案】Naturally　 【详解】考查副词。句意:理所当然,他是中国背包旅行的先驱。设空处位于句首,空后有逗号与句子隔开,且提示词为形容词,故推测设空处作状语,修饰整个句子,应用副词形式。注意,句首单词的首字母需要大写,故填Naturally。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $