专题02 必修第三册Unit1～Unit3（期末复习知识清单）高一英语下学期外研版

专题02 必修第三册Unit1~Unit3单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 1 Knowing Me, Knowing You Unit 2 Making a Difference 一．核心单词 15个核心单词背默 一．核心单词 15个核心单词背默 二．单词拓展 10个单词拓展背默 二．单词拓展 10个单词拓展背默 三．常考单词 3个常考单词解析 三．常考单词 3个常考单词解析 四．单元短语 14个单元短语背默 四．单元短语 12个单元短语背默 五．单元佳句 5个单元佳句背默 五．单元佳句 4个单元佳句背默 六．单元语法 过去分词作状语 六．单元语法 过去分词作定语 七．单元写作 写说论文 七．单元写作 人物传记 Unit 3 The World of Science 一．核心单词 15个核心单词背默 二．单词拓展 10个单词拓展背默 三．常考单词 3个常考单词解析 四．单元短语 10个单元短语背默 五．单元佳句 5个单元佳句背默 六．单元语法 现在完成时的被动语态 七．单元写作 写实验报告 Unit 1 Knowing Me, Knowing You 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．sink v．使(船)沉没 2．fault n．责任，过错 3．resolve v．解决(问题、困难) 4．strategy n．计谋，策略；行动计划 5．signal n．信号；暗号 6．duty n．职责，义务；责任 7．ensure v．确保，保证 8．justify v．证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护 9．moreover adv.此外，而且 10．apart adv.分离，分开 11．commitment n．承诺；保证；献身，投入 12．companion n．同伴；陪伴 13．competence n．能力；胜任 14．compromise n．& vt.妥协；折中 15．compulsory adj.义务的；强制的 二、单词拓展 1．loose adj.控制不严的→loosely adv.宽松地；松散地 2．breath n．呼出的气→breathe v．呼吸 3．concern n．忧虑，担心→concerned adj.担心的 4．annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的→annoying adj.令人恼怒的 5．adjust v．适应，(使)习惯→adjustment n．调整，调节；适应 6．complexity n．复杂性，错综复杂→complex adj.复杂的 7．criticise v．批评，指责→criticism n．批评 8．embarrassment n．尴尬，难为情→embarrass vt.使尴尬 9．frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的→frankly adv.坦率地 10．independent adj.独立的→independence n．独立 三、常考单词 1.let down使失望，辜负 let alone 不干涉；不管；更不用说 let out 放掉；发出(叫声等)；泄露(秘密等) let off 使爆炸；允许离开；使免受处罚 let go 放弃，放手 2.breath n．呼出的气，呼吸 breathe v． 呼吸 out of breath 上气不接下气 take a deep breath 深吸一口气 hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的 3.concern n．关心；担心vt.影响，牵扯(某人)；关系到，涉及；使担心 (1)concerned adj. 　 关心的；担心的；有关的；参与的 be concerned with/in 与……有关；与……有关系 be concerned about/for 关心；挂念 as/so far as...be concerned 就……而言/来说 (2)concerning prep. 关于，就……而言 四．单元短语 1．help out帮一把 2．let down使失望，辜负 3．let off steam发泄怒火，宣泄情绪 4．loose lips sink ships祸从口出 5．take a breath吸一口气 6．pull one’s weight做好分内事，尽责 7．be crazy about...对……着迷，热衷于 8．calm down冷静下来 9．as well as也，又，还 10．work out进展(顺利)；解决；算出 11．take it easy放轻松；别着急 12．by accident偶然，意外地 13．look down on/upon看不起，轻视 14．settle down安顿下来；坐下；平静下来 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元佳句 1．I’m crazy about basketball，and pretty good at it too，which is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match. 我痴迷于篮球，并且打得相当好，这或许就是我们上次比赛失利时我如此生气的原因。 2．Here’s what you need to do. 这是你需要做的事情。 3．Anne was shocked by the decision and did not know what to do. 安妮被这个决定惊呆了，不知道做什么。 4．It is believed that EQ(emotional quotient) plays an even more important role than IQ(intelligence quotient) in people’s lives.人们相信，在人们的生活中情商的作用甚至比智商更重要。 5．Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. 也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。 六．单元语法 过去分词作状语 [观察例句] 1．Treated this way，you're sure to feel hurt. 2．Approached in this way，your friendship will soon be repaired. 3．Filled with anger，you tend to say whatever comes to your mind. 4．Lost in deep thought，he didn't hear the sound! 5．The signal given，the bus started. 6．When given a medical examination，you should keep calm. [归纳用法] 一、过去分词作状语的基本用法 1．过去分词作状语的功能 过去分词作状语时，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎同时发生的，有时先于谓语动词的动作发生；其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；过去分词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 Built thirty years ago，the house looks very beautiful.虽然这座房子是30年前建造的，但是它看起来很漂亮。 He walked slowly in the forest，followed by a dog.他在森林里慢慢地走着，一条狗跟着他。 2．过去分词作状语的类型 过去分词作状语时，可以表示原因、条件、让步、时间、方式和伴随状况。过去分词作方式状语和伴随状语时可以变为并列分句，作其他状语时可以变为相应的状语从句。 3．过去分词作状语的位置 过去分词作状语时，通常放在句首或句末，有时也可放在句中。 状语类型 例句 原因 Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.→As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.由于受到所取得进步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。 条件 Given more time，we could do it much better.→If we were given more time，we could do it much better.如果多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好。 让步 Wounded，the brave soldier continued to fight.→Although he was wounded，the brave soldier continued to fight.尽管受伤了，那位勇敢的士兵仍然继续战斗。 时间 Discussed many times，the problems were settled at last.→After they were discussed many times，the problems were settled at last.多次讨论之后，这些问题终于解决了。 方式 The old man walked into the room，supported by his son．→The old man walked into the room and was supported by his son.这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。 伴随 Mrs.Wu came in，followed by her daughter．→Mrs.Wu came in and she was followed by her daughter.吴太太走了进来，她的女儿紧跟其后。 [名师点津] 过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征。 过去分词(短语)作状语时，表示被动的或已完成的动作，在句中可作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随等状语，一般都有逗号同其他成分隔开，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。 二、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别 1．逻辑关系 现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。 (1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。 He went out，shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。 Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。 (2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 Given more encouragement，the boy could have behaved better. 如果多给这个男孩一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。 Faced with difficulties，we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。 (3)部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动和完成。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、 born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。 Lost/Absorbed/Buried in deep thought，he didn't hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思考中，所以他没有听到那个声音。 Born in this beautiful town，he hates to leave it.出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。 2．时间概念 过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。 现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)常和表示次数的短语及时间段(for＋一段时间)连用，表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动动作”，这种情况下不能用过去分词替换，其他情况下通常被过去分词替换，使句式更简洁。 Written in a hurry，this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 Reading carefully，he found something he hadn't known before.他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。 Having finished his homework，he went home.完成了作业，他就回家了。 Having been discussed several times，the decision was finally made.进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。 七．单元写作 如何写论说文 本单元的写作项目属于论说文。准确把握论说文的三要素：论点，论据和论证。阐述作者的论点，提出事实论据和理论论据，并且论证论点和论据之间的逻辑关系，也就是用充分有力的论据来证明论点的过程和方法。提出论点要开门见山；论证论点要摆事实，列事例；重申论点要首尾呼应。 [基本框架] 1．开头(beginning)——引言，写出文章的写作目的和文章的论点； 2．主体(body)——论据和论证；详细探讨和阐述论点； 3．结尾(ending)——总结归纳主体部分，回扣文章论点。 [常用词块] 1．be deeply impressed with the story对故事印象很深刻 2．have the same experience with him和他有同样的经历 3．understand the truth behind it明白其中的道理 4．say for example that举例说明 5．put it into practice把它付诸实践 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1．Recently，the problem of environmental protection has been brought into focus. 最近，关于环保的问题成为焦点。 2．It is a common belief that we students should not spend too much money on clothes. 大家普遍认为我们学生不应该在衣服上花太多钱。 3．More and more people are concerned about the problem about food safety in our school. 越来越多的人担心学校的食品安全问题。 ★正文佳句 1．This problem will do harm to our study and distract our concentration. 这个问题将会对我们的学习不利，分散我们的注意力。 2．I have never experienced such an event.我从未经历过这样的事。 3．No one can prove to us，to what extent，we can believe it. 没人能向我们证实可以在多大程度上相信它。 ★余味结尾 1．In conclusion，it can be hard for students to get rid of their favorite clothes. 总之，让学生放弃自己最爱的衣服肯定很难。 2．After reading it，I find every second in life is very precious. 读完后，我觉得人生的每分每秒都是宝贵的。 3．We should spare no effort to study hard and overcome the difficulties before us. 我们应该不遗余力地努力学习，克服我们面前的困难。 例文 最近你校进行了“学生参加社区服务”的讨论，学生们对此观点不一，有的支持，有的反对，请谈谈你的看法。内容包括： 1．你的观点； 2.你的理由； 3.你的结论。 注意：1.词数80左右；2．可根据要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：社区服务community service；责任responsibility Recently our school leader called on the students to take part in community service. Different people have different opinions about it. I think it is helpful for the growth of the students. In the first place, it helps students understand what the needs of the country are. In the second place, it offers students the opportunity to play their own roles in society. Finally，it enables students to understand what social responsibility is by paying close attention to other people, our society and state. Based on the above, I hope more and more students will actively participate in these meaningful activities. Unit 2 Making a Difference 一、核心单词 1．fund v．为……提供资金，资助 2．recycle v．再利用，回收利用 3．disease n．疾病，病 4．cancer n．癌症 5．institution n．机构，团体 6．aid v．帮助，援助 7．obtain v．获得，得到 8．drug n．药物，药材 9．certificate n．证明书，证书 10．further adj.更多的，附加的 11．condemn vt.谴责；宣判，判处 12．conscious adj.意识到；神志清醒的；有意识的 13．consequence n．结果；后果 14．conservative adj.保守的；守旧的 15．considerate adj.体贴的；考虑周到的 二、单词拓展 1．relief n．减轻，缓解→relieve v．减轻，缓解 2．shortage n．短缺，不足，缺乏→short adj.短的；缺少的 3．effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的→effect n．效果 4．earn v．挣(钱)→earnings n．收入 5．disability n．残疾，残障→disabled adj.残疾的 6．generous adj.慷慨的，大方的→generosity n．慷慨，大方 7．hesitate v．迟疑，犹豫→hesitation n．迟疑，犹豫 8．assistance n．帮助，援助→assist v．帮助，援助 9．achievement n．成绩，成就→achieve v．实现 10．major adj.重要的，主要的→majority n．大多数 三、常考单词 1.contribution n．贡献；捐赠；投稿 (1)make a contribution/contributions to 对……做出贡献 (2)contribute v. 捐赠；捐献；贡献；促成；导致；投稿 contribute...to... 把……捐献给……；给……投稿 contribute to... 做出贡献；有助于；导致 2.relief n．减轻，缓解 to one's relief＝to the relief of sb.　 使某人欣慰的是 much to one's relief 使某人很欣慰的是 relieve v. 解除，减轻 3.have trouble (in)doing sth.在……方面有困难；做某事费力 have much/some/little/no difficulty/trouble/problem (in) doing sth.做……有很大/一些/很少/没有困难 have difficulty/trouble/problem with sth.在……方面有困难 have a hard/good time (in) doing sth.做某事经历困难/愉快的时光 四．单元短语 1．have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有麻烦 2．be determined to do sth.决心做某事(表状态) 3．break into a smile突然笑起来 4．set up建立 5．benefit from...从……中受益 6．come up with想出；提出 7．keep records of记录…… 8．serve as充当……；(为……)工作，服务 9．take in接收 10．rise to one’s feet站起身来 11．bring...to one’s attention使……被某人注意 12．pass away去世 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元佳句 1．And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick? 为什么水那么脏，以至于使他们生病了？ 2．After several months，Ryan had raised the $ 2,000，with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. 几个月之后，瑞恩筹集了那2 000美元，用这些钱在乌干达的一所小学附近建造了一口井。 3．On leaving school，Winton worked in banks in Germany and France. 一毕业，威顿就到德国和法国的银行工作了。 4．As the Chinese saying goes，“A kind-hearted person lives a long life.” 正如中国谚语所说的，“仁者长寿”。 六．单元语法 过去分词作定语 [观察例句] 1．In 1988 Winton's wife found a forgotten journal at home. 2．She always wears faded blue jeans. 3．He is fond of the food cooked by his mother. 4．This is the house built last year. [归纳用法] 一、过去分词(短语)作定语的两种位置 1．前置 单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。 The polluted water was to blame for the spread of the disease.被污染的水造成了这次疾病的传播。 2．后置 过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后。 These trucks carry goods imported from foreign countries.这些卡车运送从国外进口的货物。 二、过去分词作定语的意义 1．及物动词的过去分词通常在语态上表示被动；在时间上表示动作已发生或完成。有时只表示被动。如例句1中的a forgotten journal＝a journal that had been forgotten。 2．不及物动词的过去分词只表示动作的完成，不表示被动意义。如例句2中的faded blue jeans＝blue jeans that have faded。 3．某些带有持续意义的及物动词，如honour，love，respect，speak等，其过去分词往往只有被动意义。 What is the language spoken(＝that is spoken) in Australia? [名师点津] 不少位于名词前酷似过去分词的词，实则是形容词。这类词有两个特点： 1．词汇意义无改变 a retired teacher一位退休教师 a fallen tree一棵倒下的树 2．词汇意义有改变 a used car二手轿车 a given time规定的时间 三、不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别 不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。 Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper to write it on. 突然她想到了一个好主意， 但是她找不到纸写下来。 There are many serious health problems associated with smoking. 有很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。 Last night，there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV. 昨天晚上， 有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。 We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。 七．单元写作 人物传记 人物传记类文章属于记叙文的写作范畴。作者根据各种书面的资料、口述的记忆、调查等相关材料，有选择性地编排、描写与说明。传记可分为自传和他传两种。此类文章以人物为中心组织材料，围绕对被写的人的基本情况(如年龄、出生地、家庭背景、所受教育等)作简单的概述，然后在叙述其事迹或者在某个领域中所做出的贡献，最后再对其进行评价。写作时，一般不虚构，纪实性是传记的基本要求。要做到主题鲜明，内容清晰，并注意结构的完整性。 [基本框架] 1．开头(beginning)——简要介绍某个人物及其成就； 2．主体(body)——按照时间或者成就顺序描写该人物； 3．结尾(ending)——你对该人物及其成就的评价。 [常用词块] 1．be born in a common family出生在一个普通家庭 2．in his twenties 在他二十几岁的时候 3．graduate from college 从大学毕业 4．spare no effort in finding out the truth不遗余力地找出真相 5．make a great achievement in sports在运动方面取得很大成就 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1．Brought up by his grandparents，Jack showed a strong interest in plants and insects. 杰克由祖父母养大，从小就对植物和昆虫产生了浓厚的兴趣。 2．Whenever you turn on a light，listen to the CD，or watch TV you are enjoying one of the discoveries of Thomas Alva Edison. 无论何时，你打开灯、听听音乐或者看电视，你正在享受托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生的其中一项发明。 3．Li Yan，an engineer，was born in February，1965 in Beijing，China. 李岩是一名工程师，1965年2月出生于中国北京。 ★正文佳句 1．As a little girl，she began to show a gift in playing the piano. 小时候，她就开始展现演奏钢琴方面的天赋。 2．In order to develop trade and friendship between China and other countries，he spent 28 years on the ocean journeys and went to more than thirty countries. 为了发展中国和其他国家的贸易和友谊，他花了28年的时间在海上航行，去过三十多个国家。 3．Qi Baishi's interest changed later to simple things from everyday life，such as vegetables，flowers，birds and insects. 齐白石的兴趣后来转向日常生活中的简单的东西，如蔬菜、花鸟和昆虫。 ★余味结尾 1．He set a good example for us to follow in achieving our ambition. 在实现抱负上他为我们树立了很好的榜样。 2．She is honored as one of the greatest writers in Chinese literature. 她被誉为中国文学界最伟大的作家之一。 3．His achievements in space exploration are spoken highly of in China even the whole world. 他在太空探索方面的成就在中国乃至全世界都受到高度评价。 例文 假定你是李华，请为你校英语报写一篇人物传记，写作要点如下： 姓名：Allan Stewart 国籍：澳大利亚 出生日期：1915年3月7日 世界纪录：2006年以最高龄获得硕士学位 学习态度：挑战自我，永远为时不晚。 第一个学位：1936年获得 第二个学位：医学博士 第三个学位：80多岁时决定学习法律，2006年获得硕士学位。 第四个学位：2012年通过网络学习获得 Allan Stewart, of Australian nationality, was born on March 7th, 1915. He is hardworking and a good example for us to follow. He got his first degree in 1936, and then his second degree—Doctor of Medicine. He believes that one is never too old to challenge himself. Therefore, in his eighties, he decided to study law, and in 2006 he set a world record for becoming the oldest person to get a doctor's degree.Because he was good at arranging his study time, he got praise from his teacher, and in 2012 he managed to get his fourth degree by online learning. Just as the saying goes, it's never too late to learn. He sets a good example to all of us and inspires people to go on studying. Unit 3 The World of Science 一、核心单词 1．flexible adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的 2．beyond prep.无法…… 3．instance n．例子，实例 4．stream n．小河，小溪 5．extraordinary adj.非凡的，出色的 6．brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的 7．experiment n．(科学)实验 8．attach v．系，绑；贴 9．flash n．闪光 10．account n．记述，描述 11．consideration n．考虑；体谅 12．consult vt.咨询；请教；商量 13．contradict vt.反驳；相矛盾 14．contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的 15．contrary adj.相反的 二、单词拓展 1．desire n．渴望，欲望→desirable adj.理想的；可取的 2．significant adj.重要的，影响深远的→significance n．重要性，意义 3．injure v．使受伤，弄伤→injury n．伤；损害 4．accurate adj.精确的→accurately adv.精确地 5．minor adj.小的→minority n．少数 6．origin n．起源，起因→original adj.最初的，原始的 7．mental adj.精神的；精神健康的→mentally adv.精神上；智力上 8．declaration n．声明，宣告→declare v．宣布 9．scientific adj.科学(上)的→science n．科学 10．proof n．证明，证据→prove v．证明 三、常考单词 1. flexible adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的，灵活的；有弹性的 flexibility n． 　 柔韧性；灵活性 flexibly adv. 易曲地，柔软地；灵活地 inflexible adj. 不灵活的，柔韧性差的 2.in addition 除此之外；另外 (1)in addition to＝besides＝apart/aside from/as well as 除……之外，还…… (2)additional adj. 额外的，附加的 3.capable adj.有能力的；足以胜任的 be capable of 有能力做某事 incapable adj. 没有能力(做某事)；不能自理的 capably adv. 能干地 四．单元短语 1．in addition除此之外，另外 2．never say never别轻易说决不 3．instead of代替，而不是 4．in terms of在……方面；就……而言 5．be capable of有能力做…… 6．work as担任；从事 7．lead to导致 8．beyond recognition难以辨认 9．be named after...根据……来命名 10．apart from除了……之外(还) 五．单元佳句 1．And now，we find ourselves in the great new age of technology.现在，我们发现自己处于伟大的新技术时代。 2．It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places，with computing technology controlling its “legs”．它能依靠全球定位系统技术四处移动，电脑技术控制它的“双腿”。 3．So what is it that inspires us to invent things?所以是什么激励我们进行发明创造的呢？ 4．However，neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. 然而，这个故事以及实验的细节都不完全是真实的。 5．In fact，more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple，there is no proof that it hit him on the head. 事实上，不止一种描述说明：虽然牛顿确实是受到了掉落苹果的启发，但是没有证据证明苹果打到了他的头。 六．单元语法 现在完成时的被动语态 [观察例句] 1．I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before. 2．New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. 3．I guess someone has asked you about the title of your book before. 4．People have used new inventions like 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts. 5．Something bad has happened to him. 6．The door has opened of itself. 7．The orphan has been well looked after. [归纳用法] 一、现在完成时被动语态的构成 基本构成是：has/have＋been done 否定句形式：has/have not＋been done 一般疑问句：Has/Have＋主语＋been done? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋has/have＋主语＋been done? 二、现在完成时被动语态的概念 现在完成时被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作，它有两层意思： 1．动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果： 2．主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系。如： Our classroom has been cleaned.You needn't clean it now.我们的教室已经被打扫过，你现在没必要再打扫了。 These flowers have been watered.You can go home.这些花已经被浇水了，你可以回家了。 3．用在时间状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。 We'll start as soon as the work has been finished.这份工作一完成，我们立即动身。 三、现在完成时被动语态的用法 1．用于不知道动作执行者是谁时。 His bike has been stolen.他的自行车被人偷了。(不清楚是被谁偷的) 2．用于动作执行者是泛指或不言自明时。 Not a book in the library has been taken away.图书馆里的书没有一本被人拿走。(没人拿书，泛指) 3．用于可以说出动作执行者但动作承受者是谈话中心或特别需要强调时。 My watch has been repaired.我的表修好了。 (表修好了是谈话的主旨，是谁修好无关紧要。不必提及) 4．用于出于委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己或对方时。 Enough has been said here on this question.关于这个问题，这里已经谈得不少了。 (意思是说：大家不要再说了) 5．用于文章标题、广告、新闻等中(常用省略助动词be的被动语态)。 Road Blocked.道路已被堵塞(新闻报道，省略了助动词has been) 6．用于动作的执行者不是人时。 The house has been washed away by the storm.那栋房子已被暴风雨冲走了。 7．用于商务书信中书信起草人是以公司名义时。 Your letter has been received.来信已收到。 四、现在完成时被动语态的各种句型变换 从现在完成时被动语态结构has/have been done可以看出has/have为助动词，因此现在完成时被动语态的各种句型变换均应借助于has/have来完成。构成否定句时直接在has/have后面加not，构成一般疑问句时将has/have提前，如： Has this bridge been finished? 这座桥竣工了吗？ His bad habits haven't been done away with.他的坏习惯还没有改掉。 The blackboard has been cleaned，hasn't it? 黑板已经擦过了，是吗？ 七．单元写作 如何写实验报告 实验报告属于说明文，主要用来说明实验的目的、过程以及实验的结果。全文可以分为三个部分，首先说明实验的目的和实验所需要的实验器材；然后说明实验所采用的方法，实验具体过程以及实验所得到的结果；最后根据实验的情况得出相应的结论。句式要多用祈使句，时态多为一般现在时。 [基本框架] 1．开头(beginning)——交代实验的目的和所需器材 2．主体(body)——介绍实验方法、过程及结果 3．结尾(ending)——写出实验结论 [常用词块] 1．make good preparations for the experiment为实验做好充分准备 2．do the experiment as follows按照如下做实验 3．find a better way of doing it找到一个更好的方式来做它 4．be under observation正在观察中 5．make a good study做好充分研究 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1．We carry out the experiment to find out why it rusts.我们做实验是为了查明它为什么会生锈。 2．The aim of the experiment is to find the cause of giving away the gas.实验的目的是找到气体泄露的原因。 3．With the purpose of discovering how it reacts with acid，we carry out the experiment. 为了发现它是怎么和酸发生反应的，我们进行了这次实验。 ★正文佳句 1．Before we started，we prepared a candle，a glass，a basin and some water. 开始之前，我们准备了一支蜡烛，一个玻璃杯，一个盆子还有一些水。 2．The glass must be a little higher than the candle so that we can see the result more easily. 玻璃杯必须比蜡烛稍高一点儿，以便于我们能够更容易看清结果。 3．We were astonished to see that the water level in the glass was higher than that in the basin. 我们很吃惊地发现玻璃杯里的水位高于盆子中的水位。 ★余味结尾 1．We had an interesting experiment lesson.我们上了一堂非常有意义的实验课。 2．We were greatly impressed with the process of burning.我们对燃烧的过程印象非常深刻。 3．The experiment introduced us to a useful way of exploring the unknown field. 这次实验为我们介绍了一种探索未知领域的有用的方式。 例文 请根据以下内容写一篇实验报告。 实验目的：测量镁在空气中加热后重量是否有变化 实验用品：镁(magnesium)，本生灯(Bunsen burner)，天平(balance)，坩埚(crucible) 实验步骤：1.把镁放进坩埚内；2.把坩埚放在天平上称重；3.点燃本生灯，加热坩埚；再把坩埚放在天平上称重；5.比较两次称重的结果。 试验结果：第二次称重数据大于第一次称重的数据 实验结论：镁在空气中加热后重量有变化 The aim of the experiment is to find out if there's a change in weight after magnesium is heated in air. To carry out the experiment, you need the following things: magnesium, a Bunsen burner, a balance and a crucible. When all these are ready, you can begin the experiment. First, put the magnesium in the crucible. Then put the crucible on the balance and weigh them. Next, light the Bunsen burner and place the crucible over it to heat the magnesium. Finally, weigh them again, and compare the two weights. You can see the magnesium weighs a little heavier than before. That's because there is a change in weight after magnesium is heated in air. 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1．When the little boy didn’t see his mother，he burst into . 2．We decided to have a meeting to get their difficulties . 3．He always thinks that it is his (责任) to help others who are in trouble. 4． speaking，it is you not the teachers that are responsible for your son. 5．When the old man heard the horrible news，his heart ，never saying a word. 6．Later，an (机构) was set up to help those who had no chance to learn. 7．When going to the market，people are called on to use the bags. 8．Don’t mention that she has put on weight，for she is very (敏感的) to it. 9．The (内部的) structure of the old building is very different from the outside. 10．Bill is a person，who has given millions of dollars to help those people in need. 11．What’s all that sticky on the carpet? Please tell me. 12．The kitchen is of catering for several hundred people. 13．You have to adopt a (灵活的) method to learn English. 14．In that area making a complaint is quite a simple (程序)． 15．I will continue to believe it until I get (证据) to the contrary. 【答案】1.tears2.resolved3.duty4.Frankly 5.sank6.institution7.recycled 8.sensitive9.internal10.generous 11.stuff 12.capable 13.flexible14.procedure15.proof 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1．There is a column in China Daily (concern) language study. 2．I have made a few (adjust) to my study plan so that I can study effectively. 3．He took a deep (breathe)，desperately trying to keep calm. 4．Compared to a traditional smartphone，Paper Phone is lighter in (weigh)． 5．To be honest，being constantly exposed to advertisements is (annoy)． 6．He gave (assist) to me when I was in trouble. 7．The (short) of water has become a global problem. 8．His boss thought highly of him for his (achieve)． 9．It moved me much that the boy swam well in spite of his (disable)． 10．The town was named after him，in memory of his great (contribute) to it. 11．It is clear that many students are now under great (press)． 12．The boss was (entire) satisfied with what the workers had done. 13．I’m sure that this trip will be of great (significant) to you. 14．In a word，to read the (origin) work is better than to see the film based on it. 15．The headmaster admired the young teacher’s (capable) to give a wonderful class. 【答案】1.concerning2.adjustments3.breath4.weight5.annoying6.assistance7.shortage8.achievements9.disability 10.contributions11.pressure12.entirely13.significance14.original15.capability 三、完成句子。 1．他在比赛中表现得非常出色，这使他的父母很开心。(which引导非限制性定语从句) He did very well in the competition， . 2．她展示给粉丝的是诚实和快乐。(what引导主语从句) is honesty and happiness. 3．他们正在讨论怎样确保典礼顺利进行。(疑问词＋to do) They are discussing that the ceremony goes smoothly. 4．据说老人们害怕被陌生人照顾。(It is said that...) being taken care of by strangers. 5．她是一位如此热心且富有献身精神的老师，以至赢得了普遍赞扬。(so...that...) She is she has won general praise. 6．仪式定于6月8日举行，其间我们回顾了过去的事情，看了一些关于我们的同学在战斗中英勇事迹的视频。(“介词＋which”引导定语从句) The ceremony was scheduled to be held on June 8， we reviewed the past events and watched some videos about the heroic deeds of our schoolmates in the battle 7．一得知你对剪纸感兴趣，我就情不自禁地给你写信。(on doing) ，I can’t help writing to you. 8．正如一句谚语所说，“不到长城非好汉”。(as引导定语从句) ，“He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.” 9．当她到家时，她发现宠物猫躺在院子里。(find复合结构) When she arrived home， in the yard. 10．为完成这三项历史性的任务，我们中国人要坚定地继续奋斗。(with复合结构) ，we Chinese should keep on working with great determination. 11．他没有做过这事，以后也不会做这事。 ，nor will he do it. 12．尽管他高兴得几乎说不出话来，但是他那灿烂的笑脸代表了他的心声。(while) ，his bright smiling face spoke for him. 【答案】1．which made his parents very happy. 2．What she offers to her fans 3．how to ensure 4．It is said that the old are afraid of 5．so warm-hearted and dedicated a teacher that 6．during which 7．On learning that you are interested in paper-cutting 8．Just as a saying goes 9．she found her pet cat lying 10．With the three historic tasks to accomplish 11．Neither has he done it 12．While he was so happy that he could hardly speak $专题02 必修第三册Unit1~Unit3单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 1 Knowing Me, Knowing You Unit 2 Making a Difference 一．核心单词 15个核心单词背默 一．核心单词 15个核心单词背默 二．单词拓展 10个单词拓展背默 二．单词拓展 10个单词拓展背默 三．常考单词 3个常考单词解析 三．常考单词 3个常考单词解析 四．单元短语 14个单元短语背默 四．单元短语 12个单元短语背默 五．单元佳句 5个单元佳句背默 五．单元佳句 4个单元佳句背默 六．单元语法 过去分词作状语 六．单元语法 过去分词作定语 七．单元写作 写说论文 七．单元写作 人物传记 Unit 3 The World of Science 一．核心单词 15个核心单词背默 二．单词拓展 10个单词拓展背默 三．常考单词 3个常考单词解析 四．单元短语 10个单元短语背默 五．单元佳句 5个单元佳句背默 六．单元语法 现在完成时的被动语态 七．单元写作 写实验报告 Unit 1 Knowing Me, Knowing You 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1． v．使(船)沉没 2． n．责任，过错 3． v．解决(问题、困难) 4． n．计谋，策略；行动计划 5． n．信号；暗号 6． n．职责，义务；责任 7． v．确保，保证 8． v．证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护 9． adv.此外，而且 10． adv.分离，分开 11．commitment n． 12．companion n． 13．competence n． 14．compromise n．& vt. 15．compulsory adj. 二、单词拓展 1．loose adj.控制不严的→ adv.宽松地；松散地 2．breath n．呼出的气→ v．呼吸 3．concern n．忧虑，担心→ adj.担心的 4．annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的→ adj.令人恼怒的 5．adjust v．适应，(使)习惯→ n．调整，调节；适应 6．complexity n．复杂性，错综复杂→ adj.复杂的 7．criticise v．批评，指责→ n．批评 8．embarrassment n．尴尬，难为情→ vt.使尴尬 9．frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的→ adv.坦率地 10．independent adj.独立的→ n．独立 三、常考单词 1.let down使失望，辜负 let alone let out let off let go 2.breath n．呼出的气，呼吸 breathe v． out of breath take a deep breath hold one's breath breathless adj. 3.concern n．关心；担心vt.影响，牵扯(某人)；关系到，涉及；使担心 (1)concerned adj. 　 be concerned with/in be concerned about/for as/so far as...be concerned (2)concerning prep. 四．单元短语 1．help 帮一把 2．let 使失望，辜负 3．let steam发泄怒火，宣泄情绪 4． 祸从口出 5．take a 吸一口气 6．pull one’s 做好分内事，尽责 7．be about...对……着迷，热衷于 8． down冷静下来 9．as as也，又，还 10．work 进展(顺利)；解决；算出 11．take easy放轻松；别着急 12．by 偶然，意外地 13．look on/upon看不起，轻视 14． down安顿下来；坐下；平静下来 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元佳句 1．I’m crazy about basketball，and pretty good at it too， I was so mad when we lost our last match. 我痴迷于篮球，并且打得相当好，这或许就是我们上次比赛失利时我如此生气的原因。 2． you need to do.这是你需要做的事情。 3．Anne was shocked by the decision and did not know . 安妮被这个决定惊呆了，不知道做什么。 4． EQ(emotional quotient) plays an even more important role than IQ(intelligence quotient) in people’s lives.人们相信，在人们的生活中情商的作用甚至比智商更重要。 5．Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served . 也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。 六．单元语法 过去分词作状语 [观察例句] 1．Treated this way，you're sure to feel hurt. 2．Approached in this way，your friendship will soon be repaired. 3．Filled with anger，you tend to say whatever comes to your mind. 4．Lost in deep thought，he didn't hear the sound! 5．The signal given，the bus started. 6．When given a medical examination，you should keep calm. [归纳用法] 一、过去分词作状语的基本用法 1．过去分词作状语的功能 过去分词作状语时，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎同时发生的，有时先于谓语动词的动作发生；其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；过去分词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 thirty years ago，the house looks very beautiful.虽然这座房子是30年前建造的，但是它看起来很漂亮。 He walked slowly in the forest， by a dog.他在森林里慢慢地走着，一条狗跟着他。 2．过去分词作状语的类型 过去分词作状语时，可以表示原因、条件、让步、时间、方式和伴随状况。过去分词作方式状语和伴随状语时可以变为并列分句，作其他状语时可以变为相应的状语从句。 3．过去分词作状语的位置 过去分词作状语时，通常放在句首或句末，有时也可放在句中。 状语类型 例句 原因 Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.→As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.由于受到所取得进步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。 条件 Given more time，we could do it much better.→If we were given more time，we could do it much better.如果多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好。 让步 Wounded，the brave soldier continued to fight.→Although he was wounded，the brave soldier continued to fight.尽管受伤了，那位勇敢的士兵仍然继续战斗。 时间 Discussed many times，the problems were settled at last.→After they were discussed many times，the problems were settled at last.多次讨论之后，这些问题终于解决了。 方式 The old man walked into the room，supported by his son．→The old man walked into the room and was supported by his son.这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。 伴随 Mrs.Wu came in，followed by her daughter．→Mrs.Wu came in and she was followed by her daughter.吴太太走了进来，她的女儿紧跟其后。 [名师点津] 过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征。 过去分词(短语)作状语时，表示被动的或已完成的动作，在句中可作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随等状语，一般都有逗号同其他成分隔开，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。 二、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别 1．逻辑关系 现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。 (1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。 He went out， the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。 Not what to do，he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。 (2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 ，the boy could have behaved better. 如果多给这个男孩一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。 ，we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。 (3)部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动和完成。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、 born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。 deep thought，he didn't hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思考中，所以他没有听到那个声音。 this beautiful town，he hates to leave it.出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。 2．时间概念 过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。 现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)常和表示次数的短语及时间段(for＋一段时间)连用，表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动动作”，这种情况下不能用过去分词替换，其他情况下通常被过去分词替换，使句式更简洁。 ，this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 ，he found something he hadn't known before.他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。 his homework，he went home.完成了作业，他就回家了。 several times，the decision was finally made.进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。 七．单元写作 如何写论说文 本单元的写作项目属于论说文。准确把握论说文的三要素：论点，论据和论证。阐述作者的论点，提出事实论据和理论论据，并且论证论点和论据之间的逻辑关系，也就是用充分有力的论据来证明论点的过程和方法。提出论点要开门见山；论证论点要摆事实，列事例；重申论点要首尾呼应。 [基本框架] 1．开头(beginning)——引言，写出文章的写作目的和文章的论点； 2．主体(body)——论据和论证；详细探讨和阐述论点； 3．结尾(ending)——总结归纳主体部分，回扣文章论点。 [常用词块] 1．be deeply impressed with the story对故事印象很深刻 2．have the same experience with him和他有同样的经历 3．understand the truth behind it明白其中的道理 4．say for example that举例说明 5．put it into practice把它付诸实践 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1．Recently，the problem of environmental protection has been . 最近，关于环保的问题成为焦点。 2． that we students should not spend too much money on clothes. 大家普遍认为我们学生不应该在衣服上花太多钱。 3．More and more people the problem about food safety in our school. 越来越多的人担心学校的食品安全问题。 ★正文佳句 1．This problem will our study and distract our concentration. 这个问题将会对我们的学习不利，分散我们的注意力。 2．I have never an event.我从未经历过这样的事。 3． ，to what extent，we can believe it. 没人能向我们证实可以在多大程度上相信它。 ★余味结尾 1． ，it can be hard for students to get rid of their favorite clothes. 总之，让学生放弃自己最爱的衣服肯定很难。 2．After reading it，I find every in life is very . 读完后，我觉得人生的每分每秒都是宝贵的。 3．We should spare no effort to study hard and the before us. 我们应该不遗余力地努力学习，克服我们面前的困难。 例文 最近你校进行了“学生参加社区服务”的讨论，学生们对此观点不一，有的支持，有的反对，请谈谈你的看法。内容包括： 1．你的观点； 2.你的理由； 3.你的结论。 注意：1.词数80左右；2．可根据要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：社区服务community service；责任responsibility Unit 2 Making a Difference 一、核心单词 1． v．为……提供资金，资助 2． v．再利用，回收利用 3． n．疾病，病 4． n．癌症 5． n．机构，团体 6． v．帮助，援助 7． v．获得，得到 8． n．药物，药材 9．certificate n．证明书，证书 10． adj.更多的，附加的 11．condemn vt. 12．conscious adj. 13．consequence n． 14．conservative adj. 15．considerate adj. 二、单词拓展 1．relief n．减轻，缓解→ v．减轻，缓解 2．shortage n．短缺，不足，缺乏→ adj.短的；缺少的 3．effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的→ n．效果 4．earn v．挣(钱)→ n．收入 5．disability n．残疾，残障→ adj.残疾的 6．generous adj.慷慨的，大方的→ n．慷慨，大方 7．hesitate v．迟疑，犹豫→ n．迟疑，犹豫 8．assistance n．帮助，援助→ v．帮助，援助 9．achievement n．成绩，成就→ v．实现 10．major adj.重要的，主要的→ n．大多数 三、常考单词 1.contribution n．贡献；捐赠；投稿 (1)make a contribution/contributions to (2)contribute v. contribute...to... contribute to... 2.relief n．减轻，缓解 to one's relief＝to the relief of sb.　 much to one's relief relieve v. 3.have trouble (in)doing sth.在……方面有困难；做某事费力 have much/some/little/no difficulty/trouble/problem (in) doing sth. have difficulty/trouble/problem with sth. have a hard/good time (in) doing sth. 四．单元短语 1．have (in) doing sth.做某事有麻烦 2．be to do sth.决心做某事(表状态) 3． into a smile突然笑起来 4．set 建立 5． from...从……中受益 6．come up 想出；提出 7．keep of记录…… 8． as充当……；(为……)工作，服务 9．take 接收 10． to one’s feet站起身来 11．bring...to one’s 使……被某人注意 12． away去世 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元佳句 1．And why is the water it makes them sick? 为什么水那么脏，以至于使他们生病了？ 2．After several months，Ryan had raised the $ 2,000， near a primary school in Uganda. 几个月之后，瑞恩筹集了那2 000美元，用这些钱在乌干达的一所小学附近建造了一口井。 3． ，Winton worked in banks in Germany and France. 一毕业，威顿就到德国和法国的银行工作了。 4． ，“A kind-hearted person lives a long life.” 正如中国谚语所说的，“仁者长寿”。 六．单元语法 过去分词作定语 [观察例句] 1．In 1988 Winton's wife found a forgotten journal at home. 2．She always wears faded blue jeans. 3．He is fond of the food cooked by his mother. 4．This is the house built last year. [归纳用法] 一、过去分词(短语)作定语的两种位置 1．前置 单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。 The water was to blame for the spread of the disease.被污染的水造成了这次疾病的传播。 2．后置 过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后。 These trucks carry goods from foreign countries.这些卡车运送从国外进口的货物。 二、过去分词作定语的意义 1．及物动词的过去分词通常在语态上表示被动；在时间上表示动作已发生或完成。有时只表示被动。如例句1中的a forgotten journal＝a journal that had been forgotten。 2．不及物动词的过去分词只表示动作的完成，不表示被动意义。如例句2中的faded blue jeans＝blue jeans that have faded。 3．某些带有持续意义的及物动词，如honour，love，respect，speak等，其过去分词往往只有被动意义。 What is the language spoken(＝that is spoken) in Australia? [名师点津] 不少位于名词前酷似过去分词的词，实则是形容词。这类词有两个特点： 1．词汇意义无改变 a retired teacher一位退休教师 a fallen tree一棵倒下的树 2．词汇意义有改变 a used car二手轿车 a given time规定的时间 三、不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别 不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。 Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper . 突然她想到了一个好主意， 但是她找不到纸写下来。 There are many serious health problems with smoking. 有很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。 Last night，there were millions of people the opening ceremony live on TV. 昨天晚上， 有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。 We must keep a secret of the things here.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。 七．单元写作 人物传记 人物传记类文章属于记叙文的写作范畴。作者根据各种书面的资料、口述的记忆、调查等相关材料，有选择性地编排、描写与说明。传记可分为自传和他传两种。此类文章以人物为中心组织材料，围绕对被写的人的基本情况(如年龄、出生地、家庭背景、所受教育等)作简单的概述，然后在叙述其事迹或者在某个领域中所做出的贡献，最后再对其进行评价。写作时，一般不虚构，纪实性是传记的基本要求。要做到主题鲜明，内容清晰，并注意结构的完整性。 [基本框架] 1．开头(beginning)——简要介绍某个人物及其成就； 2．主体(body)——按照时间或者成就顺序描写该人物； 3．结尾(ending)——你对该人物及其成就的评价。 [常用词块] 1．be born in a common family出生在一个普通家庭 2．in his twenties 在他二十几岁的时候 3．graduate from college 从大学毕业 4．spare no effort in finding out the truth不遗余力地找出真相 5．make a great achievement in sports在运动方面取得很大成就 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1． up by his grandparents，Jack showed a strong interest in plants and insects. 杰克由祖父母养大，从小就对植物和昆虫产生了浓厚的兴趣。 2． you turn on a light，listen to the CD，or watch TV you are one of the discoveries of Thomas Alva Edison. 无论何时，你打开灯、听听音乐或者看电视，你正在享受托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生的其中一项发明。 3．Li Yan，an ，was born in February，1965 in Beijing，China. 李岩是一名工程师，1965年2月出生于中国北京。 ★正文佳句 1． a little girl，she began to show a in playing the piano. 小时候，她就开始展现演奏钢琴方面的天赋。 2． between China and other countries，he spent 28 years on the ocean journeys and went to more than thirty countries. 为了发展中国和其他国家的贸易和友谊，他花了28年的时间在海上航行，去过三十多个国家。 3．Qi Baishi's interest later to simple things from life，such as vegetables，flowers，birds and insects. 齐白石的兴趣后来转向日常生活中的简单的东西，如蔬菜、花鸟和昆虫。 ★余味结尾 1．He for us to follow in achieving our ambition. 在实现抱负上他为我们树立了很好的榜样。 2．She one of the greatest writers in Chinese literature. 她被誉为中国文学界最伟大的作家之一。 3．His achievements in space exploration are in China even the whole world. 他在太空探索方面的成就在中国乃至全世界都受到高度评价。 例文 假定你是李华，请为你校英语报写一篇人物传记，写作要点如下： 姓名：Allan Stewart 国籍：澳大利亚 出生日期：1915年3月7日 世界纪录：2006年以最高龄获得硕士学位 学习态度：挑战自我，永远为时不晚。 第一个学位：1936年获得 第二个学位：医学博士 第三个学位：80多岁时决定学习法律，2006年获得硕士学位。 第四个学位：2012年通过网络学习获得 Unit 3 The World of Science 一、核心单词 1． adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的 2． prep.无法…… 3． n．例子，实例 4． n．小河，小溪 5． adj.非凡的，出色的 6． adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的 7． n．(科学)实验 8． v．系，绑；贴 9． n．闪光 10． n．记述，描述 11．consideration n． 12．consult vt. 13．contradict vt.反 14．contradictory adj. 15．contrary adj. 二、单词拓展 1．desire n．渴望，欲望→ adj.理想的；可取的 2．significant adj.重要的，影响深远的→ n．重要性，意义 3．injure v．使受伤，弄伤→ n．伤；损害 4．accurate adj.精确的→ adv.精确地 5．minor adj.小的→ n．少数 6．origin n．起源，起因→ adj.最初的，原始的 7．mental adj.精神的；精神健康的→ adv.精神上；智力上 8．declaration n．声明，宣告→ v．宣布 9．scientific adj.科学(上)的→ n．科学 10．proof n．证明，证据→ v．证明 三、常考单词 1. flexible adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的，灵活的；有弹性的 flexibility n． 　 flexibly adv. inflexible adj. 2.in addition 除此之外；另外 (1)in addition to＝besides＝apart/aside from/as well as (2)additional adj. 3.capable adj.有能力的；足以胜任的 be capable of incapable adj. capably adv. 四．单元短语 1．in 除此之外，另外 2．never say 别轻易说决不 3． of代替，而不是 4．in of在……方面；就……而言 5．be of有能力做…… 6．work 担任；从事 7． to导致 8． recognition难以辨认 9．be after...根据……来命名 10． from除了……之外(还) 五．单元佳句 1．And now，we .现在，我们发现自己处于伟大的新技术时代。 2．It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places， ．它能依靠全球定位系统技术四处移动，电脑技术控制它的“双腿”。 3．So inspires us to invent things?所以是什么激励我们进行发明创造的呢？ 4．However， are entirely true. 然而，这个故事以及实验的细节都不完全是真实的。 5．In fact，more than one account suggests that ，there is no proof that it hit him on the head. 事实上，不止一种描述说明：虽然牛顿确实是受到了掉落苹果的启发，但是没有证据证明苹果打到了他的头。 六．单元语法 现在完成时的被动语态 [观察例句] 1．I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before. 2．New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. 3．I guess someone has asked you about the title of your book before. 4．People have used new inventions like 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts. 5．Something bad has happened to him. 6．The door has opened of itself. 7．The orphan has been well looked after. [归纳用法] 一、现在完成时被动语态的构成 基本构成是：has/have＋been done 否定句形式：has/have not＋been done 一般疑问句：Has/Have＋主语＋been done? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋has/have＋主语＋been done? 二、现在完成时被动语态的概念 现在完成时被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作，它有两层意思： 1．动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果： 2．主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系。如： Our classroom .You needn't clean it now.我们的教室已经被打扫过，你现在没必要再打扫了。 These flowers .You can go home.这些花已经被浇水了，你可以回家了。 3．用在时间状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。 We'll start as soon as the work .这份工作一完成，我们立即动身。 三、现在完成时被动语态的用法 1．用于不知道动作执行者是谁时。 His bike .他的自行车被人偷了。(不清楚是被谁偷的) 2．用于动作执行者是泛指或不言自明时。 Not a book in the library .图书馆里的书没有一本被人拿走。(没人拿书，泛指) 3．用于可以说出动作执行者但动作承受者是谈话中心或特别需要强调时。 My watch .我的表修好了。 (表修好了是谈话的主旨，是谁修好无关紧要。不必提及) 4．用于出于委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己或对方时。 Enough here on this question.关于这个问题，这里已经谈得不少了。 (意思是说：大家不要再说了) 5．用于文章标题、广告、新闻等中(常用省略助动词be的被动语态)。 Road .道路已被堵塞(新闻报道，省略了助动词has been) 6．用于动作的执行者不是人时。 The house by the storm.那栋房子已被暴风雨冲走了。 7．用于商务书信中书信起草人是以公司名义时。 Your letter .来信已收到。 四、现在完成时被动语态的各种句型变换 从现在完成时被动语态结构has/have been done可以看出has/have为助动词，因此现在完成时被动语态的各种句型变换均应借助于has/have来完成。构成否定句时直接在has/have后面加not，构成一般疑问句时将has/have提前，如： Has this bridge been finished? 这座桥竣工了吗？ His bad habits haven't been done away with.他的坏习惯还没有改掉。 The blackboard has been cleaned，hasn't it? 黑板已经擦过了，是吗？ 七．单元写作 如何写实验报告 实验报告属于说明文，主要用来说明实验的目的、过程以及实验的结果。全文可以分为三个部分，首先说明实验的目的和实验所需要的实验器材；然后说明实验所采用的方法，实验具体过程以及实验所得到的结果；最后根据实验的情况得出相应的结论。句式要多用祈使句，时态多为一般现在时。 [基本框架] 1．开头(beginning)——交代实验的目的和所需器材 2．主体(body)——介绍实验方法、过程及结果 3．结尾(ending)——写出实验结论 [常用词块] 1．make good preparations for the experiment为实验做好充分准备 2．do the experiment as follows按照如下做实验 3．find a better way of doing it找到一个更好的方式来做它 4．be under observation正在观察中 5．make a good study做好充分研究 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1．We the experiment to find out why it rusts.我们做实验是为了查明它为什么会生锈。 2．The of the experiment is to find the of giving away the gas.实验的目的是找到气体泄露的原因。 3．With the of how it reacts with acid，we carry out the experiment. 为了发现它是怎么和酸发生反应的，我们进行了这次实验。 ★正文佳句 1．Before we ，we a candle，a glass，a basin and some water. 开始之前，我们准备了一支蜡烛，一个玻璃杯，一个盆子还有一些水。 2．The glass than the candle so that we can see the result more easily. 玻璃杯必须比蜡烛稍高一点儿，以便于我们能够更容易看清结果。 3．We were to see that the water level in the glass was than that in the basin. 我们很吃惊地发现玻璃杯里的水位高于盆子中的水位。 ★余味结尾 1．We had an interesting lesson.我们上了一堂非常有意义的实验课。 2．We were greatly the of burning.我们对燃烧的过程印象非常深刻。 3．The experiment us to a way of the field. 这次实验为我们介绍了一种探索未知领域的有用的方式。 例文 请根据以下内容写一篇实验报告。 实验目的：测量镁在空气中加热后重量是否有变化 实验用品：镁(magnesium)，本生灯(Bunsen burner)，天平(balance)，坩埚(crucible) 实验步骤：1.把镁放进坩埚内；2.把坩埚放在天平上称重；3.点燃本生灯，加热坩埚；再把坩埚放在天平上称重；5.比较两次称重的结果。 试验结果：第二次称重数据大于第一次称重的数据 实验结论：镁在空气中加热后重量有变化 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1．When the little boy didn’t see his mother，he burst into . 2．We decided to have a meeting to get their difficulties . 3．He always thinks that it is his (责任) to help others who are in trouble. 4． speaking，it is you not the teachers that are responsible for your son. 5．When the old man heard the horrible news，his heart ，never saying a word. 6．Later，an (机构) was set up to help those who had no chance to learn. 7．When going to the market，people are called on to use the bags. 8．Don’t mention that she has put on weight，for she is very (敏感的) to it. 9．The (内部的) structure of the old building is very different from the outside. 10．Bill is a person，who has given millions of dollars to help those people in need. 11．What’s all that sticky on the carpet? Please tell me. 12．The kitchen is of catering for several hundred people. 13．You have to adopt a (灵活的) method to learn English. 14．In that area making a complaint is quite a simple (程序)． 15．I will continue to believe it until I get (证据) to the contrary. 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1．There is a column in China Daily (concern) language study. 2．I have made a few (adjust) to my study plan so that I can study effectively. 3．He took a deep (breathe)，desperately trying to keep calm. 4．Compared to a traditional smartphone，Paper Phone is lighter in (weigh)． 5．To be honest，being constantly exposed to advertisements is (annoy)． 6．He gave (assist) to me when I was in trouble. 7．The (short) of water has become a global problem. 8．His boss thought highly of him for his (achieve)． 9．It moved me much that the boy swam well in spite of his (disable)． 10．The town was named after him，in memory of his great (contribute) to it. 11．It is clear that many students are now under great (press)． 12．The boss was (entire) satisfied with what the workers had done. 13．I’m sure that this trip will be of great (significant) to you. 14．In a word，to read the (origin) work is better than to see the film based on it. 15．The headmaster admired the young teacher’s (capable) to give a wonderful class. 三、完成句子。 1．他在比赛中表现得非常出色，这使他的父母很开心。(which引导非限制性定语从句) He did very well in the competition， . 2．她展示给粉丝的是诚实和快乐。(what引导主语从句) is honesty and happiness. 3．他们正在讨论怎样确保典礼顺利进行。(疑问词＋to do) They are discussing that the ceremony goes smoothly. 4．据说老人们害怕被陌生人照顾。(It is said that...) being taken care of by strangers. 5．她是一位如此热心且富有献身精神的老师，以至赢得了普遍赞扬。(so...that...) She is she has won general praise. 6．仪式定于6月8日举行，其间我们回顾了过去的事情，看了一些关于我们的同学在战斗中英勇事迹的视频。(“介词＋which”引导定语从句) The ceremony was scheduled to be held on June 8， we reviewed the past events and watched some videos about the heroic deeds of our schoolmates in the battle 7．一得知你对剪纸感兴趣，我就情不自禁地给你写信。(on doing) ，I can’t help writing to you. 8．正如一句谚语所说，“不到长城非好汉”。(as引导定语从句) ，“He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.” 9．当她到家时，她发现宠物猫躺在院子里。(find复合结构) When she arrived home， in the yard. 10．为完成这三项历史性的任务，我们中国人要坚定地继续奋斗。(with复合结构) ，we Chinese should keep on working with great determination. 11．他没有做过这事，以后也不会做这事。 ，nor will he do it. 12．尽管他高兴得几乎说不出话来，但是他那灿烂的笑脸代表了他的心声。(while) ，his bright smiling face spoke for him. $