内容正文:
动词的时态
《英语 拓展模块》(高教版2023修订版)
Unit 2 Sharpening Your Skills 语法
03 一般将来时
04 现在进行时
目录
01 一般现在时
02 一般过去时
09 巩固练习
05 现在完成时
06 过去进行时
07 过去将来时
08 过去完成时
(动画)邀请你掌握:
(动画)学会判断祈使句的方法
(动画)用祈使句发出指令或表达禁止
(动画)区别“祈使句+and+陈述句”和“祈使句+or+陈述句”
2
Watch a video
什么是语态?
一般现在时的用法
eg: She does volunteer work in the city stadium every week.
eg: The earth goes around the sun.
1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作
2.表示客观真理、客观存在或自然现象。
什么是语态?
一般现在时的用法
eg: The meeting begins at 10:00 a.m.
eg: If it doesn’t rain, we’ll go to the park.
3.表示按照计划或安排好的将要发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来,但仅限于start、begin、leave、go、come、arrive等词。
4.用在if unless as coon as when等引导的时间或条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来。
一般现在时的标志词
频度副词系列
always
usually
often
sometimes
seldom
hardly
never
every系列
every morning
every day
every week
其他
once a month
twice a week
on Monday
on the weekend
(动画)刚进入博物院,大家就看到了精美的金蝉玉叶,他们不禁赞叹。
(动画)Be quiet, teens. Raise your hand if you have any questions.
(动画)接下来,大报恩寺琉璃塔拱门。
(动画)Be careful. No touching, please.
(动画)现在来看,达摩渡江刺绣图。
(动画)No photos with flash, please. 因为闪关灯的光照会导致织物纤维破裂。
一般现在时的结构
Are you hungry?
特殊疑问句
疑问词+ am/is/are + 主语 + 其他。
Where is he from?
我用am,你用are,
is连着他她它;
单数名词用is,
复数名词全用are。
1. 含有be动词(表示存在的状态)
肯定句
主语 + am/is/are + 其他。
I am happy today.
否定句
主语 + am/is/are + not + 其他。
He is not at home.
一般疑问
Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 其他?
(动画)刚进入博物院,大家就看到了精美的金蝉玉叶,他们不禁赞叹。
(动画)Be quiet, teens. Raise your hand if you have any questions.
(动画)接下来,大报恩寺琉璃塔拱门。
(动画)Be careful. No touching, please.
(动画)现在来看,达摩渡江刺绣图。
(动画)No photos with flash, please. 因为闪关灯的光照会导致织物纤维破裂。
一般现在时的结构
Do you live in Shanghai?
特殊疑问句
疑问词+ 助动词(do/does)+ 主语 + 动词原形+ 其他。
Where does he come from?
2. 含有实义动词(表示经常发生的动作)
肯定句
主语 + 动词(原形/三单形式) + 其他。
You study hard.
否定句
主语 + don’t/doesn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。
We don’t have class on Sunday.
一般疑问
Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 ?
(动画)刚进入博物院,大家就看到了精美的金蝉玉叶,他们不禁赞叹。
(动画)Be quiet, teens. Raise your hand if you have any questions.
(动画)接下来,大报恩寺琉璃塔拱门。
(动画)Be careful. No touching, please.
(动画)现在来看,达摩渡江刺绣图。
(动画)No photos with flash, please. 因为闪关灯的光照会导致织物纤维破裂。
动词的三单变化规则
直接加-s
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变y为i再加-es
特殊变化
play → plays
work → works
以ch, sh, s,x或o结尾的动词,在后面加-es
like → likes
watch→watches
wash → washes
study → studies
have → has
fly → flies
be → is
teach → teaches
carry → carries
(动画)刚进入博物院,大家就看到了精美的金蝉玉叶,他们不禁赞叹。
(动画)Be quiet, teens. Raise your hand if you have any questions.
(动画)接下来,大报恩寺琉璃塔拱门。
(动画)Be careful. No touching, please.
(动画)现在来看,达摩渡江刺绣图。
(动画)No photos with flash, please. 因为闪关灯的光照会导致织物纤维破裂。
一般过去时
基本结构:主语+was/were/动词过去式+其他
定义:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态;或者过去时间里,习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
eg. When I was a kid, I loved reading science fictions.
eg. Last week, they began to make a promotion plan.
(动画)刚进入博物院,大家就看到了精美的金蝉玉叶,他们不禁赞叹。
(动画)Be quiet, teens. Raise your hand if you have any questions.
(动画)接下来,大报恩寺琉璃塔拱门。
(动画)Be careful. No touching, please.
(动画)现在来看,达摩渡江刺绣图。
(动画)No photos with flash, please. 因为闪关灯的光照会导致织物纤维破裂。
一般过去时的标志词
yesterday昨天
the day before yesterday前天 yesterday morning昨天早上
last spring/week/month/year/
night
three days ago
two months ago
four years ago
a moment ago
long long ago
① tomorrow系列
②last系列
③ago系列
(动画)刚进入博物院,大家就看到了精美的金蝉玉叶,他们不禁赞叹。
(动画)Be quiet, teens. Raise your hand if you have any questions.
(动画)接下来,大报恩寺琉璃塔拱门。
(动画)Be careful. No touching, please.
(动画)现在来看,达摩渡江刺绣图。
(动画)No photos with flash, please. 因为闪关灯的光照会导致织物纤维破裂。
一般过去时的标志词
in 1990
on the morning of May 1st
④介词+过去的时间
just now
in the old days
in the past
once upon a time
the other day
in the old time
⑤短语系列
动词过去式的规则变化
clean – cleaned
use – used
drop-dropped
cry-cried
chat-chatted
直接加-ed
辅元辅的重读闭音节:
双写尾字母,加ed
以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed
play → played
work → worked
不发音的e:去掉e,加ed
live-lived
stop-stopped
study-studied
move-moved
不规则动词的过去式
cost→cost cut→cut hit→hit hurt→hurt let→let put→put read→read
swim→swam sing→sang begin→began sit→sat give→gave drink→drank
bring→brought buy→bought
think→thought
catch→caught teach→taught
① AA型
②遇见i变为a
③过去式以ought和aught结尾的单词。
不规则动词的过去式
feel→felt keep→kept sleep→slept feed→fed
sleep→slept sweep→swept meet→met
ride→rode
drive→drove
write→wrote
know→knew grow→grew throw→threw draw→drew
④中间去e末尾加t
⑤把i变为o
⑥ow/aw变为ew
build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent
⑦ 以d结尾的词,把d变成t。
一般过去时的结构
2. 含有实义动词
肯定句
主语 + 动词的过去式 + 其他。
You studied hard in the past.
否定句
主语 +didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。
We didn’t have class last week.
一般疑问
Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 ?
Did you live in Shanghai two years ago?
特殊疑问句
疑问词+ did+ 主语 + 动词原形+ 其他。
What did he do?
一般过去时的结构
What did he do?
2. 含有实义动词
肯定句
主语 + 动词的过去式 + 其他。
You studied hard in the past.
否定句
主语 +didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。
We didn’t have class last week.
一般疑问
Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 ?
Did you live in Shanghai two years ago?
特殊疑问句
疑问词+ did+ 主语 + 动词原形+ 其他。
一般将来时的用法
例句:How long will you stay here?
例句:Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm.
2. “be going to +动原”表示说话者主观计划、打算、安排要做某事,或根据某种迹象预测某事即将发生。
1.“will + 动原”表示客观上势必将发生的事情,或临时做出的打算。
例句:The new rules are to take effect next month.
3. be + 动词不定式。表示有职责,义务,可能,约定,意图等。
一般将来时的用法
例句:They are about to leave.
4. be about + 动词不定式,表示马上,很快,即将发生的动作。
5. 一些位移动词come, go, start, move, leave等词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事情。
例句:I’m leaving in a minute.
6. 在由when, before, after, as soon as, until/till引导的时间状语从句和由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来。
例句:I will call you as soon as I arrive home.
一般将来时的标志词
in 2050 在2050年
in the future 在未来
in two days/weeks/years
④介词+将来时时间
this weekend
this evening
this Friday
③this系列
next day/week/month/year/time
②next系列
tomorrow明天
tomorrow morning 明天早上
the day after tomorrow 后天
① tomorrow系列
一般将来时的结构
主语
will
动词原形
其他
肯定句
否定句
主语+will not / won’t +动词原形(+其他)
一般疑问句
Will +人称+动词原形+(+其他)?
Yes, 人称+will /No, 人称+won’t
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+will+人称+动词原形+(+其他)?
一般将来时的结构
主语
am/is/are going to
动词原形
其他
肯定句
否定句
主语+am/is/are +not going to +动原+其他。
一般疑问句
Am/is/are+主语+ going to +动原+其他。
Yes, 主语 am/is/are./ No, 主语+am/is/are +not.
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+ going to +动原+其他。
现在进行时的用法
(1)表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。
eg. Look! He is working on the floral design project.
(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。
eg. They are studying hard this term.
(3)go leave arrive start 等动词用现在进行时表示将来。
eg. I am leaving next week.
现在进行时的标志词
now
right now
at present
at the moment
Listen!
Look!
Be quiet!
Don't shout!
Where is sb. ?
It’s ... o’clock.
① 表示此时此刻
②动作类
④语境类
these days
this week
this month
③现在阶段类
现在进行时的结构
The teacher is giving us an English lesson.
The farmers are getting in their crops.
We are making preparations for the conference.
is
doing
are
doing
are
doing
现在进行时的结构:
主语
be动词(am/is/are)
doing
其他
现在分词的变化规则
末尾直接+ing
末尾是辅音字母的重读闭音节,双写末尾字母+ing
末尾是ie,变ie为y+ing
play → playing
do-doing
末尾是e,且e不发音,去e+ing
cook-cooking
make-making
write-writing
let-letting
die-dying
cut-cutting
lie-lying
ride-riding
run-running
现在完成时的用法
例句:Actually, they have adjusted it six times since last week.
例句:The bus has left. You must wait for the next one.
1. 表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果;
2. 表示过去已经开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
例句:It is five months since she graduated from the university.
3. It is / has been + 时间段 since + 从句(一般过去时)。
现在完成时的标志词
表示一段时间的状语
笼统表示过去的时间状语
for + 时间段;since + 时间点
already、never、ever、just 等
表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语
lately、recently、in the past few years、these few years、these days、up to now、so far 等
现在完成时的结构
现在完成时的基本结构为: have/has十done (动词的过去分词)
肯定句
主语+have/has+done(过去分词) +其他。
He has watched the movie.
否定句
主语+have/has not+done(过去分词)+其他。
He hasn’t watched the movie.
一般疑问句
Have/Has主语 + done(过去分词 )+其他。
-Has he watched the movie? -Yes, she has./ No, she hasn’t.
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句 ?
Where have you been?
动词的过去分词
listen → listened
invite → invited
直接加-ed
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变y为i再加-ed
重读闭音节结尾,
双写辅音+ed
play → played
work → worked
以 “e” 结尾的动词,只在词尾加 “-d”
like→liked
study → studied
stop → stopped
cry → cried
drop → dropped
love → loved
carry → carried
动词的规则变化
动词的过去分词
cost → cost
meet→ met
take→ taken
bring→brought
buy→ bought
smell→ smelt
say→ said
catch→ caught
leave→ left
find→ found
begin→ begun
常见动词的不规则变化
have /has→ had
be→been
go → gone
break → broken
cut→ cut
现在完成时重难点辨析
eg. Mary has been to the Great Wall.
1.have/has been to表示去过某地(已经回来)
eg. He has gone to the bookshop.
2.have/has gone to 表示去了某地(还未回来)
eg. We have been in this small village for 2 years.
3.have/has been in表示在某地待了多长时间,常与表示一段时间的状语连用
现在完成时重难点辨析
辨析“for” & “since”
eg.We have lived in this city for more than 40 years.
1.for + 时间段。
eg. He has lived here since 1878.
since + 过去一个时间点
since + 时间段 + ago
since + 从句(过去时)
eg. He has lived here since three years ago.
eg. He has lived here since he came here three years ago.
2.since的用法。
过去进行时的用法
(1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。
eg. He was cleaning his room at 10 yesterday.
(2)表示过去某一时间段内正在进行的动作或持续的状态。
eg. They were playing basketball yesterday afternoon.
过去进行时的用法
(3)在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时,另一个短暂性动词用一般过去时。
eg. Students were reading aloud when the teacher came into the classroom.
(4)表示两个延续性动作在过去某一时刻同时进行时,不考虑动作的先后顺序,主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时,连词常用while。
eg. I was reading books while my daughter was drawing pictures.
过去进行时的标志词
标志词
then
at that time
at ten yesterday
at this time yesterday
when while 引导的表示过去的时间状语从句
过去进行时的结构
过去进行时的基本结构为: was/were十doing (动词的现在分词)
肯定句
主语+was/were+动词现在分词.
否定句
主语+was/were+not 动词现在分词.
一般疑问句
Was/were +主语+ 动词现在分词?
Yes, 主语+was/were.
No, 主语+was/were not.
过去将来时的用法
例句:He said he would participate in next year’s competition.
1.“表示从过去的某一时间来看,将要发生的动作或存在的状态。通常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。
例句:Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with the housework.
2.表示过去习惯性的动作,常译为 “总是会”。
例句:If I were you, I would accept the offer.
3.在虚拟语气中表示与现在或将来事实相反的情况。
过去将来时的结构
肯定句
主语 + was/were + going to + 动词原形
否定句
主语 + was/were + not + going to + 动词原形
一般疑问句
Was/Were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形?
过去将来时的基本结构1: would + 动词原形
过去将来时的结构
肯定句
主语 + would + 动词原形。
否定句
主语 + would + not + 动词原形。
一般疑问句
Would + 主语 + 动词原形?
Yes, 主语 + would. / No, 主语 + wouldn’t.
过去将来时的基本结构2: was/were+going to+动词原形
过去完成时的用法
eg: When I arrived at the station, the train had already left.
1.表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作,即“过去的过去”。
eg: Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
2.用于 hardly...when..., no sooner...than... 等固定结构中,表示 “一…… 就……”。
过去完成时的标志词
标志词
before + 过去时间状语
by the time + 过去时间状语 (by the end of last month, by then)
already, yet, just, never, ever (用于过去语境)
when, after, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句(从句用一般过去时)
过去完成时的结构
肯定句
主语 + had + 动词的过去分词。
否定句
主语 + had + not + 动词的过去分词。
一般疑问句
Had + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?
Yes, 主语 + had. / No, 主语 + hadn’t.
过去完成时的基本结构为: had十done (动词的过去分词)
巩固练习
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. He _________________ (work) in this company since he graduated.
2. She told me she ________________________________ (join) the volunteer team soon.
3. I _________________ (read) a novel when you called me last night.
4. The meeting _____________________________________ (begin) at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow.
would join / was going to join
5. They _________________________ (leave) when I got there.
has worked
was reading
will begin / is going to begin / begins
had left
(动画)刚进入博物院,大家就看到了精美的金蝉玉叶,他们不禁赞叹。
(动画)Be quiet, teens. Raise your hand if you have any questions.
(动画)接下来,大报恩寺琉璃塔拱门。
(动画)Be careful. No touching, please.
(动画)现在来看,达摩渡江刺绣图。
(动画)No photos with flash, please. 因为闪关灯的光照会导致织物纤维破裂。
巩固练习
二、选择题
1.The movie Chang’an ________ ancient Chinese poetry to life beautifully.
A.brings B.brought C.will bring D.has brought
2.—May I speak to Mr Jones?
—I’m sorry. He isn’t at home. He ________ fishing twenty minutes ago.
A.is going B.goes C.went D.was going
3.Tony ________ the Great Wall with his classmates next Sunday.
A.visited B.visits C.will visit D.is visiting
4.4.—Jim, could you help me plant some trees in the garden?
—Just a minute, Dad. I ________ my dirty shoes now.
A.washed B.am washing C.have washed D.was washing
5. 1.They left for Beijing last week and we ________ them so far.
A.don’t hear from B.didn’t hear from C.haven’t heard from D.won’t hear from
A
C
C
B
C
(动画)刚进入博物院,大家就看到了精美的金蝉玉叶,他们不禁赞叹。
(动画)Be quiet, teens. Raise your hand if you have any questions.
(动画)接下来,大报恩寺琉璃塔拱门。
(动画)Be careful. No touching, please.
(动画)现在来看,达摩渡江刺绣图。
(动画)No photos with flash, please. 因为闪关灯的光照会导致织物纤维破裂。
动词的时态
03 一般将来时
04 现在进行时
01 一般现在时
02 一般过去时
05 现在完成时
06 过去进行时
07 过去将来时
08 过去完成时
一起总结一下今日所学
(动画)判断句子是否为祈使句,需确认其是否:
(动画)发出指令
(动画)主语省略
(动画)动词原形开头
(动画)祈使句的肯定形式有三种:
(动画)do型
(动画)be型
(动画)let型
(动画)祈使句的否定形式:
(动画)don’t + do型/be型/let型
(动画)no+动词ing型
(动画)以及祈使句+and/or+陈述句的用法区别:
(动画)照这样做,and结果很美好
(动画)得这样做,or结果不如人意。
今天的内容就到这里。我们下次见。
Lavf59.14.100
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