专题04 阅读理解（说明文）（贵州专用）2026年中考英语二模分类汇编

**基本信息** 聚焦中华文化与科技前沿，精选2026年多地市二模说明文阅读题，通过传统节气、AI机器人等真实情境，考查学生细节理解、推理判断及跨文化思维能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（选择题）|每篇4-5题|细节理解（如“it”指代题）、词义猜测（如“absorb”）、主旨大意（最佳标题）、推理判断（作者意图）|以“中华文化”（如节气食物、书法）和“科技前沿”（如人形机器人马拉松、AI复原秦代历史）为主题，问题设计梯度分明，兼具文化传承与时代性|

专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 中华文化 Passage 1 （2026·贵州贵阳·二模）A spring pancake is prepared at a restaurant in Beijing, one day ahead of lichun, or Start of Spring, the first of China’s traditional 24 solar terms (节气). For many Chinese families, the first sign of spring is tasted rather than seen. Spring pancakes, spring rolls and the ancient idea of the spring platter all carry the same message: Renewal begins at the table. Lichun marks the turning of the seasons. The tradition of eating spring pancakes on this day—known as yaochun, or “biting into spring”—is one expression of that belief. Folk tradition holds that taking a bite of a spring pancake is a way of symbolizing hopes for health, prosperity and smooth days ahead. While spring pancakes are popular in northern China, the south marks the same solar term with spring rolls. Though different in form, both foods carry the same symbolic hopes for renewal. Compared with the soft suppleness of spring pancakes, spring rolls are thinner and firmer, turning crisp without easily breaking. Inside, bamboo shoots, mushrooms, chives and pork are commonly used, stir-fried just enough to keep their freshness before being fried. They have become a must-eat seasonal dish on southern tables. Even as modern life improves, the tradition of “biting into spring” remains widely practiced across China. Like an invisible thread (线), it connects people to their cultural heritage, reminding them to follow nature’s rhythms and taste the beauty of folk traditions. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By using numbers. B．By comparing things. C．By giving an example. 2．Which of the following food carries the meaning of lichun in South China? A． B． C． 3．What does the underlined “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A．China. B．Modern life. C．The tradition. 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．Taste Food, Feel Cultures B．Celebrate Festivals, Enjoy Life C．Create Hopes, Change Traditions Passage 2 （2026·贵州贵阳·二模）Chinese calligraphy, an important part of China’s traditional culture, has a long history of about 3,000 years. It’s not just writing but an expressive art form that shows the beauty of Chinese characters and the spirit of the Chinese people. The four treasures of the study—brush, ink, paper, and inkstone—are necessary tools. The brush, made from animal hair, comes in various sizes and styles. Ink is traditionally ground from an ink stick on the inkstone, creating a rich black color. Xuan paper, thin yet strong, can absorb water well, allowing strokes (笔画) to be clear. There are different styles like regular script, running script, and clerical script (隶书), each with their own characteristics. Regular script features neat and uniform strokes, often used for official documents and teaching. Running script is freer, showing the writer’s personality. Clerical script, with its ancient and serious appearance, is commonly seen in temples and monuments. Chinese calligraphy shows the writer’s personality and emotions. It requires control of stroke thickness and rhythm. Famous works like Wang Xizhi’s “Preface to the Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion” (《兰亭集序》) are treasures in Chinese art. These great works show the calligrapher’s skill and artistic feeling. Learning calligraphy helps people understand Chinese culture and history. It’s a way to relax and develop patience. Even today, many people practice it to be more focused and experience traditional culture. Schools often offer calligraphy classes to develop students’ interest and appreciation for this art form. As a bridge linking the past and the present, Chinese calligraphy is a symbol of Chinese culture. It passes down the wisdom and art of the Chinese nation and continues to attract people worldwide. 1．What does the underlined word “absorb” most probably mean? A．put up B．take in C．throw away 2．Which calligraphy style can people often see in monuments? A．Clerical script. B．Regular script. C．Running script. 3．Why does the writer mention Wang Xizhi’s work in Para. 4? A．To compare it with other calligraphers’ works. B．To explain why it’s a symbol of Chinese culture. C．To show that calligraphy expresses one’s personality. 4．In which part of a magazine can we read the text? A．Travel Around B．Culture Window C．Business Today Passage 3 （2026·贵州黔东南·二模）Dashuhua, or “striking iron flowers,” is an amazing traditional performance. During festivals in Nuanquan, Hebei province, performers use special tools to throw melted iron (铁水) at city walls. The hot iron suddenly breaks into thousands of sparks (火花) that look like golden trees in the night sky. It is a beautiful but highly dangerous show. Because of its danger, only well-trained experts are allowed to perform it. This traditional art has a long history. During the Ming Dynasty, Nuanquan was a town famous for making tools for wars. Local workers found that hot iron thrown onto a cold wall could create beautiful sparks. They drew inspiration from this and started to throw iron for fun. In the past, people performed it during the Spring Festival to wish for peace and a good year. Wang De, a 61-year-old performer, has been doing this for over 40 years. He explains that a performance needs 2 hours of preparation and a team of 12 people. The iron is heated to over 1,600℃. To stay safe, performers must wear special clothes, like thick jackets and grass hats. Even with careful protection, accidents are still common. Therefore, the show requires excellent skills and amazing courage. However, this fantastic art faces big challenges. In Nuanquan, there are only four inheritors (传承人) left who have mastered the skill. “When I was young, I thought it was just exciting,” Wang De says. “But years later, I realized it is my duty to pass it on to the next generation.” He hopes more people will value and protect this national cultural heritage (遗产). 1．Why did people perform Dashuhua in the past? A．Because they wanted to show their excellent skills. B．Because they wanted to make special tools for wars. C．Because they wanted to wish for peace and a good year. 2．How does the writer show the danger and difficulty of Dashuhua in Paragraph 3? A．By asking questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By showing differences. 3．How does Wang De’s attitude change towards passing on Dashuhua? A．Bored → doubtful → excited B．Doubtful → worried → hopeful C．Excited → responsible → hopeful 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To explain how people celebrate festivals in Hebei. B．To teach us how to make a successful performance. C．To introduce a traditional art and call for its protection. 主题02 科学技术 Passage 1 （2026·贵州黔东南·二模）On April 19, 2026, a very special and exciting sports event was successfully held in Yizhuang, Beijing. As the world’s first humanoid (人形的) robot half marathon (马拉松), this event attracted wide attention from both the technology field and the public. A robot named Lightning from a Chinese team finally won the first place with its excellent performance. It finished the challenging 21.0975 kilometer race in just 50 minutes and 26 seconds. This amazing record is much faster than the human world record of 57 minutes and 20 seconds set earlier in March 2026. It clearly shows that robots have made an amazing success in running ability and balance control. Compared with the first robot half marathon held last year, this year’s robots performed much better and smarter. The winner of last year’s race spent more than two hours finishing the same challenging distance (距离). This year, the top three robots all broke the human world record easily. They could not only run at high speed but also plan their ways by themselves and keep perfect balance on different road conditions. The race has shown the rapid progress of China’s robot and AI technology. These smart robots can deal with small difficulties during running, such as avoiding small stones, passing gentle turns and keeping proper speed. In the near future, they are expected to help humans with more kinds of work, including looking after the elderly, carrying heavy things and doing simple housework. This special robot competition not only brings people surprise and excitement but also makes us believe that humanoid robots will play a more and more important role in our daily life and create more wonders for the whole world. 1．What can we know about the robot Lightning? A．It was the only robot to finish the race in Beijing. B．It spent more than two hours finishing the marathon. C．Its running record is faster than the human world record. 2．What can we infer (推断) from Paragraph 3? A．The road conditions this year were much easier than last year. B．Human runners will no longer take part in half marathon races. C．Robots are becoming better at thinking and moving by themselves. 3．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Small stones. B．Smart robots. C．Heavy things. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．The Future Challenges of Human Marathon B．The Great History of Modern AI Technology C．The Rapid Progress of China’s Robot and AI Technology Passage 2 （2026·贵州铜仁·二模）At the 2025 Spring Festival Gala, the performance called “Yang-BOT” surprised many people because the robots could dance really well. However, the 2026 new show “Wu-BOT” took robot technology to a much higher level. It was not only a dance show, but also a wonderful martial arts (Kung Fu) performance. In the “Wu-BOT” performance, robots performed with students from a famous martial arts school. They did many difficult actions that even most humans can not do easily. For example, they performed single-leg backflips and jumped nearly three meters high into the air. They even used their dexterous (灵巧的) hands to wave wooden staffs (棍) just like real Kung Fu masters. How did these robots become so “smart”? Wang Xingxing, the founder of Unitree Robotics, shared the secret. He explained that the robots practiced over 100 million times in a computer simulation (模拟) before they appeared on the real stage. This way of learning is called “Reinforcement Learning”. It helps robots find the best way to keep their balance and complete difficult moves. “Wu-BOT” is more than just a show. It shows that Chinese robots are becoming faster, stronger, and more flexible. In the future, such technology will make it possible for robots to work in factories or help people with housework. From “Yang-BOT” to “Wu-BOT”, we can see that the dream of “humans and machines working together” is coming true. The future of technology is truly exciting! 1．What did the “Wu-BOT” show do in 2026? A．It only performed on the computer. B．It was a fantastic Kung Fu performance. C．It was a dance show just like “Yang-BOT”. 2．How did the robots become so “smart” according to the passage? A．They learned from real Kung Fu masters directly. B．They were born with the ability to do difficult moves. C．They practiced millions of times in a computer simulation. 3．What does the underlined word “Reinforcement” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese? A．强化 B．虚拟 C．平衡 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Robots can already help people in many families. B．People and robots may work together in the future. C．Chinese robots are already the best in the world in all fields. 主题03 科普知识 Passage 1 （2026·贵州遵义·二模）You may feel that math is difficult and boring. Is it possible that you’ve been looking at math in the wrong way? Li Xing, a math professor at Ningxia University, thinks math can be beautiful and fun. I completely agree with what he said. Numbers are beautiful There is math hidden in beautiful human bodies. Measure (测量) the length from your head to your belly button and from your belly button to your feet. The ratio (比例) of these two numbers is always around 0.618. This is the golden ratio, which can be seen everywhere, like in nature, music and paintings. In Chinese poems, we can also see the beauty of numbers. As Li Bai wrote, “My skiff (小船) has left ten thousand mountains far away” “A thousand miles in one day”—all these numbers show how fast Li Bai traveled and how happy he felt. Curves (曲线) are beautiful “Sine curves” are beautiful. They go towards the two opposite directions on and on without ever ending. When you look at them, you may feel like standing by the sea and watching the waves slowly moving. “Tangent curves” is like a waterfall, just as Li Bai wrote, “dashing (猛冲) down three thousand feet from on high” Formulas (公式) are beautiful There are some amazing formulas. In a right-angled triangle (直角三角形), the square of the longest side is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. How amazing! Just as Chinese-American mathematician Chern Shingshen said “Math is fun!” 1．Why does the writer mention Li Bai and his poems in the passage? A．To introduce the topic. B．To support his opinion. C．To share the Chinese poems. 2．What does a sine curve look like? A． B． C． 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．Why math is beautiful and fun. B．What are the curves and formulas. C．How we can learn math in a right way. 4．Who is the most probable writer of the passage? A．A teacher who likes playing basketball. B．A student who likes math and is good at it. C．A dancer who likes Li Bai and Chinese poems. Passage 2 （2026·贵州遵义·二模） It is always hard to get out of bed on a cold winter morning. As I try to get out of bed, I sometimes think, “How nice it would be if I were a bear.” I could then sleep from winter until the following spring. Bears start preparing for hibernation (冬眠) in early autumn. They eat up to 40 kilograms of food a day. Their weight can increase by ten to fifteen kilograms per week. To get through the winter, they fall into long periods of sleep in order to save energy. After they enter hibernation, bears don’t eat or drink, but it doesn’t mean that their bodies have completely shut down. In fact, the bears experience a mild (温和的) form of hibernation. Deep hibernators, such as squirrels, will experience a drop in body temperature of about 30 degrees. Bears’ body temperature, however, drops by only ten degrees. Because of their small drop in body temperature, bears can wake up and react quickly to danger during hibernation. During hibernation, bears’ stored fat and protein (蛋白质) are broken down to produce energy. Throughout the winter, they may lose fifteen to twenty percent of their body weight. After the weather becomes warm, bears wake up and emerge again, and they begin eating to make up for their weight loss. Do all the bears hibernate? Well, polar bears don’t need to do so. Also, bears in zoos don’t hibernate if they are given food. However, this is unhealthy for these animals, because it may cause them to become overweight. Most zoos now do allow bears to hibernate. It’s happy to see that these animals can enjoy a sweet and healthy sleep. 1．How much food can bears eat at most a day when preparing for hibernation? A．10 kg. B．15 kg. C．40 kg. 2．Which is the difference between mild and deep hibernation mentioned in the text? A．The changes in weight. B．The ways to store food. C．The drops in body temperature. 3．What does the underlined word “emerge” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Hide. B．Appear. C．Sleep. 4．What does the writer think of the hibernation of bears in zoos? A．It is helpful. B．It is dangerous. C．It is surprising. 主题01 中华文化 Passage 1 （2026·贵州遵义·二模）As more Brazilians seek holistic (全面的) ways to health and wellness, Chinese tai chi has become popular across the nation in recent years. In Brazil, tai chi classes have appeared in parks and squares, attracting Brazilians of all ages. On an ordinary morning in Brasilia, nearly 60 members of a local community gather for tai chi lessons. Hildo Couko, a retired professor, has been practicing tai chi for about two decades. In 2005, he passed by a park and saw some people practicing tai chi, which sparked curiosity in him. Then a German invited him to join in. “Then I joined ‘forever’. It changed my life,” Couko said, noting that tai chi makes him much healthier, and is a beautiful way to connect body and mind. Woo Moo-Shong from China, 93, started a tai chi class in Brazil in 1974. Learners from different belief backgrounds and nationalities gather to practice tai chi under his guidance. His efforts toward cultural dialogue have been praised by the Brazilian government many times. Master Woo expressed a deep desire to spread Chinese culture globally. “Tai chi is a treasure left by our ancestors. Through tai chi, many people have come to understand that China is not only known for its martial arts but also for tai chi, which symbolizes health, harmony, and peaceful coexistence (共存).” he said. Nowadays, there are 43 clinics in Brasilia that introduce tai chi to patients, helping them in their health. Furthermore, the Brazilian government has listed tai chi as one of the “recommended health sports”. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By introducing the places to learn tai chi. B．By showing the popularity of tai chi in Brazil. C．By sharing personal experiences of learning tai chi. 2．What can we infer from the text? A．Hildo Couko learned tai chi from a Chinese teacher in 2005. B．Woo Moo-Shong has been teaching tai chi in Brazil for over 60 years. C．The Brazilian government thinks highly of Woo Moo-Shong’s efforts. 3．Why does the writer mention the 43 clinics in Brasilia in the last paragraph? A．To show medical workers love tai chi very much. B．To show the government supports all kinds of sports. C．To prove tai chi is helpful to people’s health and wellness. 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．Tai Chi: A New Health Sport in Brazil B．Tai Chi: A Bridge Between Two Cultures C．Woo Moo-Shong: A Tai Chi Culture Spreader Passage 2 （2026·贵州贵阳·二模）In the central square of Zengchong Village in Guizhou stands a special wooden tower, the Zengchong Drum Tower. Built in 1672, it is one of the oldest Dong drum towers in China. It shows the great building skills of the Dong people and is a key national cultural relic (文物). The tower is 25 meters high with 13 layers of roofs. It is made only of wood in a special way. The wood fits perfectly without any nails (钉子). Four large thick wooden pillars (柱子) inside form a strong center, and eight more outside form a ring. They connect tightly, making the tower very stable. The roofs are painted with colourful pictures of dragons, fish and other animals. The tower is more than a beautiful building. On the first floor, there is a fire pit (火坑). People sit around it to keep warm, chat and have big meals. In the past, villagers held important meetings here. It is also a place for showing respect to their ancestors. High in the tower hangs a big drum. In the old days, people used different drum-beats to send messages. This special structure is a folk building for the Dong people, serving as a place for discussing affairs in the community, welcoming guests, singing grand songs, and holding other important events. It is not only a living treasure of the Dong people’s building skills, but also one of the oldest existing drum towers in Dong villages all over China. Today, the Zengchong Drum Tower is well protected. It stands for the wisdom and spirit of the Dong people. It is a living cultural treasure for us to value and protect. 1．What makes Zengchong Drum Tower special in building? A．It has no nails. B．It is made of stone. C．It has a black roof. 2．What does the underlined word“stable” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Strong. B．Popular. C．Beautiful. 3．What can we know about Zengchong Drum Tower? A．It’s one of the oldest existing drums in the world. B．It’s a place where Dong people can get together. C．It’s a common building structure in Dong villages. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．The special design of the drum tower. B．The traditional life of the Dong people. C．The history and roles of the drum tower. Passage 3 （2026·广西南宁·二模）In Jingdezhen, China’s famous “Porcelain (瓷器) Capital,” scientists are doing something amazing. They’re using modern technology to understand and recreate ancient ceramics (制陶术). How cool is that? One of their projects is the Ancient Ceramics Gene Bank. Researchers collect broken pieces of old porcelain—yes, even “rubbish”!—and study them with high-technology tools. And then each piece is given a “digital ID”. This helps them learn how the old masters made their art. A broken piece of a duck-shaped incense burner (香炉) even became a cute cartoon character called “Suisui Duck”! But that’s not all. Some people in Jingdezhen use 3D printers to make ceramics. In the past, making a porcelain vase (花瓶) needed 72 steps and took up to 15 days. Now, with a 3D printer, you can finish a piece in just 3 hours! This means artists can create wild shapes that were impossible before. A young designer named Liang Liwen has an even cooler idea. His family has made ceramics for three generations (几代人). Now he makes ceramic material! He creates very thin porcelain pieces—only 0.4 mm thick—and joins them with cloth to make beautiful dresses. His designs have appeared in London and Milan Fashion Weeks! These stories show that old traditions and new technology can work together. Science is not just for labs — it can help us keep our culture alive in exciting new ways. 1．Why do researchers collect broken pieces of old porcelain? A．To turn them into cartoon characters. B．To learn how old masters made their art. C．To sell them to museums for money. 2．What is the main difference between traditional ceramics making and using 3D printers? A．3D printers cannot make vases. B．Traditional methods are much cheaper. C．Traditional methods take more time and more steps. 3．What does the underline word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Thin porcelain pieces. B．Beautiful dresses. C．His designs. 4．According to the passage, what might happen in Jingdezhen in the future? A．People will stop making ceramics by hand. B．People will use ceramic dresses to replace all normal clothing. C．People will mix traditional ceramics with more creative thoughts. 5．Which is the best title for this passage? A．The Long History of Jingdezhen Porcelain B．Liang Liwen: A Young Designer from Jingdezhen C．Old Art, New Tech: Keeping Ceramic Culture Alive 主题02 青少年问题 Passage 1 （2026·贵州铜仁·二模）Recently, a super popular phrase “Aini, Laoji” is sweeping Chinese social media among young people. It is a cute way of saying “love yourself” in Chinese. Instead of taking “love yourself” too seriously, this phrase turns people into their own best friends. The trend started from a funny change to a video game line. When life feels hard or stressful, young people say “Love you, Lao Ji, see you tomorrow” to comfort themselves, like giving themselves a gentle pat (轻拍) on the back. In today’s fast-paced world, people often face huge pressure and are too hard on themselves. “Aini, Laoji” reminds us to treat ourselves with the same kindness we show to others, teaching us that it is okay to make mistakes and we deserve (值得) our own love and self-care. Self-care doesn’t need to be expensive. You can buy a cup of tea with milk you like, do exercise after class, or just listen to music. These small acts help you to feel better without spending much money. True self-care is not being lazy or selfish. It’s about balancing your needs with responsibilities. This popular online phrase is more than a joke, it marks the growth of young people’s self-awareness (自我意识), proving that they are learning to accept who they are and care for their own feelings first, instead of only waiting to be loved by others. Though the phrase may fade (褪去) one day, its spirit will stay: be kind to yourself, light up your own heart, and always love your “LaoJi”. 1．What does the phrase “Aini, Laoji” mean? A．Loving and being kind to yourself. B．Spending much money on self-care. C．Asking other people to love and care for you. 2．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．To show where the popular online phrase comes from. B．To tell us how the phrase “Aini, Laoji” first became popular. C．To explain why young people need to learn to love themselves. 3．Which of the following is a cheap way of self-care according to the passage? A．Asking others to please you. B．Doing exercise after class. C．Buying a gift that you can’t afford. 4．What is the structure of the text? (P = paragraph) A． B． C． 主题03 科学技术 Passage 1 （2026·贵州遵义·二模） In recent years, the idea of flying cars has moved from science fiction to real life. On Oct 12, a flying car flew up over Dubai. The Chinese company Aridge made it. How cool is that? Two in one The flying car’s name is Land Aircraft Carrier. It is the world’s first modular (模块化的) flying car. It means that the car and the aircraft can be separated. The car is 5.5 meters long. The aircraft is kept in the back of the car. You can charge (充电) it when it is in the car. It usually takes about 35 minutes to charge an electric car from 30% to 80%. But the flying car takes 18 minutes. To make the car ready to fly, you only need to press one button (按钮). The car and aircraft can separate in five minutes. Easy to drive and fly The aircraft can take off and land in small spaces. It has six special wings to help it fly. They can fold up. The aircraft can fly on its own or with a person controlling it. When it flies by itself, you can plan where it goes. You can let it take off or land with just one button. When you control it, you can use one stick to do everything with one hand. The aircraft can fly for 30 minutes and up to 1,000 meters high. Ready to go The price of the flying car is under 2 million yuan. By now, Aridge already has more than 7,000 orders from around the world. Experts predict that by 2030, such flying cars could be widely used for daily travel and emergency services. 1．How long does it take to charge the flying car from 30% to 80%? A．18 minutes. B．30 minutes. C．35 minutes. 2．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The small spaces. B．The special wings. C．The flying cars. 3．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To explain the history of flying cars. B．To introduce a new kind of flying car. C．To teach us how to drive a flying car. 4．In which part of a magazine can we read the text? A．Science Window. B．Famous People. C．Eating Customs. Passage 2 （2026·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模）A face-to-face meeting with Emperor Qinshihuang, once only a thought, is now within reach. In Central China’s Hunan Province, AI is making this kind of “meeting” possible—it’s making old things, places and even people from Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC) come alive. This fun project is from teamwork between a Changsha company and archaeologists (考古学家). The team uses AI to extract information from old papers and things dug up. Also, they put them in order. The company’s manager, Zhang Gangyi, showed how useful the technology is. He made a picture of Hua, an officer from the Qin Dynasty. Hua’s story and many facts of life in Qin times were written on about 38,000 bamboo slips (竹简). People found these slips in 2002. They are very useful — they filled an empty part in history and told us 15-year life in an old Qin town. Now, the AI-made Hua is a guide at Liye Ancient Town Archaeological Site Park. The park opened again in October after being fixed. It has a new smart guiding system made by Zhang’s team. They turned the old words on the bamboo slips into fun videos. Visitors can scan QR codes (二维码) at the park to watch these videos. Then they can feel what life was like 2,000 years ago. All pictures, clothes and things in the videos are based on real historical finds. For example, Hua’s clothes got ideas from Emperor Qinshihuang’s tomb in Shaanxi. The team had to read many reports to get small facts right. This was a big challenge for them. Zhang loves Chinese history very much. He said technology helps people learn about the past better. “History is not just in museum boxes—people can feel it and talk with it,” he said. He thinks “culture+technology” will make traditional culture easier for everyone to enjoy. For example, visitors could wear VR (虚拟现实) glasses to see Qin Dynasty buildings on screen. He also said our own technology is important. We can’t use foreign technologies for our cultural projects. 1．What makes the “face-to-face meeting with Emperor Qinshihuang” possible? A．AI technology used in the project. B．The old papers and things dug up. C．Bamboo slips found in Honan Province. 2．Which has the same meaning as the underlined word “extract” in Paragraph 2? A．The dentist needs to extract my bad tooth right away because it hurts a lot. B．To finish our history report, we need to extract important details from old books. C．People use special machines to extract oil from sunflower seeds every day. 3．How can visitors experience Qin life at the park? A．By wearing beautiful Qin Dynasty clothes. B．By talking with archaeologists in person. C．By scanning QR codes to watch videos. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．The bamboo slips found in 2002 told us everything about Qin life. B．The facts showed in the videos come from real historical discoveries. C．The AI-made Hua has become a popular guide in many ancient parks. 5．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．AI and Qin History: Making the Past Come Alive B．AI and Bamboo Slips: Telling Qin Dynasty History C．AI and Smart Park: Experiencing Qin Dynasty Life Passage 3 （2026·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）At the 2025 Spring Festival Gala, the “Yang-BOT” performance amazed everyone. People were surprised to see robots dancing so well. However, in 2026, the new show “Wu-BOT” took technology to a whole new level. It was not just a dance; it was a martial arts (武术) show, which was a special performance by Unitree Robotics. On the stage, several bright and flexible robots appeared, moving in perfect stage with students from a famous martial arts school. The robots, with their white bodies and red tops, copied every move of the performers, even quick arm swings. This performance was a great mix of traditional Chinese culture and modern technology. The stage background was a beautiful blue design with golden patterns (图案), just like the mountains and rivers of China. The robots showed how good Chinese technology has become, while the Kungfu performers kept our traditional art alive. Many people online talked excitedly about this show. They said it was both cool and meaningful. It was not just a fun performance, but also a way to show the world that China is moving forward. From “Yang-BOT” to “Wu-BOT,” we can see that the dream of “man and machine working together” is coming true. The future of technology is truly exciting! 1．Why does the writer mention the 2025 Spring Festival Gala? A．To compare the 2025 and 2026 Spring Festival Gala shows. B．To show that the “Yang-BOT” was more successful than “Wu-BOT”. C．To introduce the topic of robot performances. 2．Which company created the robots in the performance? A．A foreign tech company. B．Unitree Robotics. C．A traditional art school. 3．What did the robots do on the stage? A．They sang songs with the performers. B．They copied the Kungfu performers’ moves. C．They played music for the show. 4．What does the underlined word “flexible” probably mean in Chinese? A．沉重的 B．灵活的 C．缓慢的 5．What is the main topic of the passage? A．The history of the Spring Festival Gala. B．How to become a Kung fu performer. C．A special performance at the 2026 Spring Festival Gala. 主题04 科普知识 Passage 1 （2026·广西南宁·二模）① If you put two bottles of water—one hot and the other cold in a fridge, which will freeze more quickly? The cold water? But in fact, the hot water most probably freezes first. Strange, isn’t it? Scientists call it the Mpemba effect (姆潘巴效应). ② Once Erasto Mpemba, a school boy, was making ice cream in a cooking class. He was surprised to find that a heated mix froze more quickly than a cold one. He wondered why this happened. When Osborne, a university scientist, came to the school, he asked him about it. Osborne took it seriously. He suggested that they work together to find out why. They tested many times by using water with temperatures from 25℃ to 90℃, and their discovery (发现) showed that the higher the water temperature was, the less time it took the water to freeze. It means water at 25℃ takes the longest time to freeze and water at 90℃ takes the shortest. ③ What causes this effect? Some scientists think that the gas leaves water as water heats up, which makes it freeze quicker. Other scientists think differently. They say water in a bottle keeps moving, with hot water rising and cold water going down. This convection is stronger in the hotter bottle, which makes hot water lose heat faster than cold water. ④ Last winter, the Mpemba effect became popular online. Many people went to Harbin and threw hot water into the freezing air. The hot water would turn into ice at once, allowing people to enjoy the beautiful ice mist (薄雾) in the air. People took videos of this process and put them on the Internet. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking questions. 2．Which of the following can show Mpemba and Osborne’s discovery? A．B． C． 3．What does the underlined word “convection” mean in Para.③? A．The weight of the water bottle. B．The movement of heat in water. C．The leaving of the gas in the fridge. 4．Why does the writer give the example in the last paragraph? A．To answer Mpemba’s question. B．To invite people to travel to Harbin. C．To show the Mpemba effect in real life. 5．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． Passage 2 （2026·广西南宁·二模）Many people like staying in their comfort zone (区域), but is it always good for us? A comfort zone is a place, situation or level where there is the least stress. However, stepping into the learning zone can help us achieve our best. Here are the reasons. Challenging yourself can help you be at your best Stepping outside one’s comfort zone is important for personal development. We should try something we might not succeed in. Taking risks helps us grow As children, we naturally like to take risks. But as we get older and learn to fear failure, we start trying fewer new things. We lose a lot because we’re afraid of failure. But you can’t learn anything without having problems. Facing new challenges can help us grow better Our comfort zone seems to become smaller as we get older—but if we can keep expanding (扩大) it, we’ll open ourselves up to a greater world as we grow. As we step into the learning zone, we will get more comfortable with the skills gradually and we’ll start to move into the comfort zone. A study found that learning new life skills can help our brain stay smart as we get older. However, don’t push yourself too far. Have you heard of “Yerkes-Dodson Law”? It means performance increases as stress grows, but only up to a point. If the level of stress becomes too high, performance will go down. When we experience too much stress, we enter the danger zone. 1．What is a comfort zone? A．A situation with the least stress. B．A learning environment. C．A dangerous area. 2．According to Paragraph 3, how can we help ourselves grow? A．By fearing failure. B．By feeling natural. C．By taking risks. 3．According to the passage, what helps keep our brain smart as we get old? A．Pushing yourself hard. B．Learning new life skills. C．Reducing stress. 4．Which of the following pictures can describe “Yerkes-Dodson Law”? A．B． C． 5．What’s the best title for this passage? A．A Comfort Zone Makes Us Safe B．Step Outside a Comfort Zone C．Never Fear a Comfort Zone Passage 3 （2026·山西长治·二模）请阅读下面语篇，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 All aboard! Let’s take a ride on the world’s highest railway—the Qinghai-Tibet Railway (青藏铁路). Sit back and enjoy the journey. Get ready for the trip of a lifetime. We’re leaving Qinghai Station. The scenery (风景) along the way is among the wildest across China. Keep your eyes open as we race through this beautiful land. Before we begin our journey, let’s learn about this amazing railway. It's truly one of the great engineering wonders of the 21st century. When it was completed on July 1, 2006, the Tibet Railway set nine world records. As we travel higher, the air gets thinner and thinner. Soon there will only be 50 to 60 percent of the oxygen (氧气) we are used to breathing. But there is no need to worry. Each rail car has two separate oxygen systems. One system fills the train with oxygen at all times. And each passenger can also get a personal oxygen mask just like those used on planes. Here are a few more things to think about as our train leaves the station. The designers solved three main challenges when building this great railway. First, the high altitude (海拔) made the task difficult because there was not enough oxygen. Second, much of the railway runs across permafrost (冻土). Finally, the railway goes through some of the most important ecological areas in China. Great care was taken to minimize (减少到最低程度) its influence on nature. All three challenges were met, making our trip possible. All aboard! The train to Tibet is leaving in fifteen minutes. 1．Who is the writer of this passage most likely to be? A．An engineer. B．A guide. C．A driver. 2．What is special about the Qinghai-Tibet Railway? A．It is the world’s highest railway. B．It was built by the most engineers. C．It passes through areas with many wild animals. 3．Why can passengers still breathe normally on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway train? A．Because the train runs at a very low speed. B．Because the train has special oxygen systems. C．Because the train makes frequent stops for passengers to rest. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the passage about the designers of the railway? A．They built the railway only in one year. B．They thought about passengers’ safety the most. C．They cared a lot about environmental protection. 5．What is the best title of the passage? A．An Amazing Engineering Wonder B．A Railway with the Most Beautiful Scenery C．A Railway Connecting China to the World 主题05 其他 Passage 1 （2026·贵州遵义·二模）Have you ever written letters? Letter writing is a traditional way to make friends who live far away feel closer. Letters can cross time and space. They build up a relationship that’s hard to find in today’s digital world. On 8 September, 2024, Jin Xiaoyu held a book sharing event for The Letters of Walter Benjamin. The book has over 300 letters from Walter Benjamin, a famous writer from Germany. These letters show deep friendship between Benjamin and his friends. The Letters of Walter Benjamin reminds us of the importance of keeping in touch with others through letters. In the past, sending or receiving letters by horse or by bird was usual. However, this form of communication seems less common today. Now children can hardly enjoy this kind of joy. A group named ReachOut provided teenagers with chances to write letters about their feelings and experiences. Linda Williams, a worker of ReachOut, said, “Letter writing can help us express feelings. And it also helps us keep in touch with others.” Dr Maria Nicholas from Deakin University said, “Handwriting is still an important part of the school course. It is good for children’s learning, reading and memory.” Also, she advised children to write letters to friends, family, or their favorite writers. The experiences are useful for children. They make children express their feelings more often through writing. All in all, letter writing is a special way to connect with others and express ourselves. It’s a tradition worth continuing, especially for young people. As Dr Nicholas said, letter writing in schools is good for children’s learning. Let’s encourage children to experience the joy of writing letters. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By showing a fact. 2．Which of the following would Linda Williams most probably agree with? A．Letter writing is bad for friendship. B．People can communicate by writing letters. C．Letter writing can help children improve speaking skills. 3．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Handwriting. B．A letter. C．The school course. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．A Book Sharing Event. B．The History of Writing Letters. C．The Importance of Letter Writing. Passage 2 （2026·贵州遵义·二模）Generative (生成式) AI is a big hit right now. “Students need to learn about AI’s value, ethics (伦理) and how to use it properly,” said Gong Yuanli, a teacher of the information technology department at Beijing No. 8 High School. This semester, more than 1,400 primary and secondary schools in Beijing started a new course called AI literacy (人工智能通识课). Students will take at least eight AI lessons each year, Beijing Daily said. At Beijing No. 8 High School, 7th graders have classes such as introduction to AI and AI’s social responsibility. Eighth graders go to lectures, visit AI companies and take courses like AI+ math to see how AI connects with other subjects. Ninth graders explore topics such as career choices in the AI era to help them plan for the future. In one AI class, 8th grader Yan Xia created an English learning game. On the screen, players catch clownfish and must spell words correctly. “I used AI to design the fish, the boat, all the words and even the game code,” Yan explained. “If I had done it by myself, coding and making the pictures would have taken a long time. Thanks to AI, I had more time and energy to improve the game.” 9th grader Shi Qixin found that creating better orders helped her think and share her ideas more clearly. “The class changed how I study and made me a better problem solver.” AI literacy courses bring great benefits to students’ learning and growth and have opened up a new world of learning for students and shown remarkable educational value, yet they have also caused some worries in society. 1．What does the underlined word it in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．AI’s ethics. B．AI’s value. C．Generative AI. 2．What can we learn from the text? A．Students take fewer than eight AI lessons every year. B．Ninth graders study AI-era career choices for their future. C．Over 1,400 universities in Beijing started AI literacy this term. 3．Which saying best shows students’ view towards AI literacy courses according to Para 4? A．Never too old to learn. B．Practice makes perfect. C．Good tools make good work. 4．What will the writer probably talk about next? A．Ways to create different online games. B．Disadvantages and worries of AI courses. C．The history of AI technology development. Passage 3 （2026·贵州贵阳·二模）In many ways, artificial intelligence (AI) makes our lives easier. Among various AI tools, chatbots like ChatGPT stand out, they can understand what we say and find information quickly. This human-like quality is increasingly attracting people, some of whom are even starting to treat AI as friends. According to a news report, a growing number of people are turning to AI as friends, especially among teenagers. They ask AI for help with questions that they would usually talk about with their real friends. These AI tools can have different traits (特征) and personalities. Many teenagers think talking with AI is as good as or better than talking with real friends. “AI is always available. It never gets tired of me, and it never judges (评判) me,” said an 18-year-old teen Kayla. “When I talk to it, I always feel relaxed.” But there are problems. On the one hand, AI friends are convenient: they are free and are made just for you, so you don’t need to worry about being turned down. On the other hand, relying too much on AI can make teenagers feel more lonely. It also becomes harder for them to make real friends, as meeting people can feel challenging. What’s more, if teenagers only talk to AI, they won’t learn to understand others. Therefore, while AI can be a helpful tool in our daily lives, it is very important for teenagers to recognize both its benefits and risks. Learning to use AI wisely is the key to balancing technology and healthy growth. 1．What makes AI tools increasingly attractive to people? A．Their problem-solving ability. B．Their user-friendly character. C．Their human-like quality. 2．What does Kayla mean by saying “AI is always available.”? A．AI can help her solve all problems. B．AI can talk to her at any time. C．AI can do many things for free. 3．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．AI tools. B．Teenagers. C．Technologies. 4．What is the writer’s main idea about teenagers treating AI as friends? A．It is a perfect solution for lonely teenagers. B．It requires careful management and balance. C．It is a dangerous trend that should be stopped. Passage 4 （2026·贵州遵义·二模）“Volunteering makes you look at the world differently. You see how little things can change a person’s life for the better,” said Mason, a volunteer. What makes people volunteer? Some volunteer to improve themselves. Others hope to make new friends. Among these reasons, helping others is the most popular. Making the decision to take the first step can be difficult, because people often wonder if they will be able to meet the organization’s expectations. Some people are afraid of knowing nobody in the group. Not having enough time, the cost of traveling and training or being short of experience may also prevent someone from showing their abilities. Here are some suggestions that can help you if you have some of these worries. ◆Start out slowly. Even a few hours a month can make a difference in someone’s life. ◆Choose an organization with the same interests. ◆Work with an experienced volunteer, which can help you understand the organization’s expectations. ◆Invite a friend or a family member to join you so that you won’t be alone. Spend some time on volunteer work and you will see great changes in people’s lives, as Mason discovered during his volunteer experience. Little things can change a person’s life for the better. 1．What makes people volunteer the most? A．To improve themselves. B．To make friends. C．To help others. 2．What is the order of people’s difficulties from the most to the least according to the chart? A．③②①⑤④ B．③②⑤①④ C．③①⑤②④ 3．What is the advice for volunteers who don’t have enough time? A．Start out slowly. B．Invite a friend to join you. C．Work with an experienced volunteer. 4．Why does the writer take Mason as an example? A．To show what difficulty volunteers can meet. B．To encourage people to join in volunteering. C．To tell the ways people can choose to volunteer. Passage 5 （2026·贵州遵义·二模） You may notice that horses appear in many Chinese idioms (习语). These horse-related sayings help us know about Chinese culture and ancient wisdom. “A horse that covers a thousand miles” is perhaps the most famous horse idiom. It describes someone with great talent or ability. Chinese parents often use this phrase to encourage their children, hoping they will become “thousand-mile horses” who achieve great things. “A swift horse needs a good rider” tells us more about this idea. Although talented people (“swift horses”) may be common, good leaders (“good riders”) who can recognize talent are rare (稀少的). This saying reminds us that having talent is not enough—you need someone who believes in you and gives you chances. “Ride a horse while looking for a better one” describes someone who keeps looking for better chances while still doing their own work well. Chinese people use this idiom to describe hard-working people who never stop improving themselves. “An old horse knows the way” tells us experience makes us wise. Just as an old horse remembers the safest roads through mountains, experienced (有经验的) people can guide others to get through difficult situations. This idiom shows that Chinese people respect old people and their experience. “A painted horse won’t run” tells us not to care only about looks. No matter how beautifully you paint a horse, it will never run fast. Similarly, nice promises without real action are useless. This idiom teaches Chinese people to value real results more than empty words. 1．Who often uses “a thousand-mile horse” to encourage children? A．Talented people. B．Chinese parents. C．Good leaders. 2．What’s the Chinese meaning of “Ride a horse while looking for a better one”? A．骑驴找马 B．马到成功 C．老马识途 3．How does the writer organize the passage? A．By telling a story about horses in ancient China. B．By introducing horse idioms and explaining them. C．By comparing Chinese idioms with Western sayings. 4．Which is the correct structure of the text? (①= paragraph 1) A．①/②/③④/⑤⑥ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥ C．①/②③④⑤⑥ Passage 6 （2026·山西晋城·二模） Have you heard of the “giant panda of the water”? It’s the Yangtze finless porpoise (江豚), a national first-class protected animal found only in the Yangtze River. Sadly, its population dropped from about 2,700 in the early 1990s to around 1,012 by 2017. One reason is the increase in boat traffic, which has led to more noise and pollution in the river. To protect the river and its wildlife, the government has come up with some new ideas. One is the river and lake chief system (河湖长制). Under this system, the river chiefs (河长) are responsible for protecting rivers and lakes. The river chiefs do their routine tasks along the river to make sure there is no illegal (不合法的) pollution, and there are no floating objects. Besides, they also help deal with wastewater and protect riverbanks. Hunan Province has also set up the “12314” hotline so that people can report problems. Since Jan 1, 2021, a 10-year fishing ban (禁渔令) has also been in place. It stops people from fishing for sale in the Yangtze River. In July 2024, for example, three people were fined (罚款) 9,900 yuan for catching 40 kilograms of fish in a no-fishing area. This ban is important because too much fishing has left the Yangtze finless porpoises with less food and has caused some to get caught in fishing nets. Thanks to these efforts, the number of Yangtze finless porpoises stopped falling and rose for the first time in 2022, reaching 1249, then went on rising to 1,426 in 2026. Other important animals are also coming back. And scientists found some more native fish species in the Yangtze River. 1．How many finless porpoises were there in the Yangtze River in 2017? A．About 2700. B．About 1012. C．About 1426. 2．What do the river chiefs do? A．They check for possible problems along the river. B．They set up hotlines for people to report problems. C．They solve the problem of increasingly busy traffic. 3．Which can best explain the underlined words “floating objects”? A．Things moving on the river. B．Boats travelling on the river. C．Animals playing in the river. 4．Why is the example in Paragraph 4 mentioned? A．To show why fishing is of less importance. B．To show people in this area live by fishing. C．To show the fishing ban is carried out strictly. 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．Exploring the Yangtze River is a meaningful task. B．The government’s work on saving wildlife has paid off. C．Everyone should be responsible for environmental protection. Passage 7 （2026·四川成都·二模）Dear Diary, Can you guess where I am? I’m in China’s Tiangong Space Station, about 400 kilometers above Earth! I’m not alone, though. I share my tiny “apartment” with two males and another female. Six Chinese astronauts take turns caring for us. Three of them—Zhang Lu, Wu Fei and Zhang Hongzhang—came up with us. Last night, we excitedly boarded the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft. The trip took just a little over three hours, and it was surprisingly smooth. As far as I know, this is already China’s 16th crewed spaceflight. However, for us mice, it’s a whole new world! The astronauts taught me some scientific knowledge here. That’s so amazing! In the 1,600s, Isaac Newton discovered that gravity (重力) depends on mass (质量) and distance. Bigger objects, like the sun, pull harder, and the further the object is from Earth, the less is the pull of gravity. However, the mass of an object remains the same. Also, the gravitational potential energy (重力势能) of an object depends on its mass and its height from the ground. When two objects have the same mass, the object that is at a greater height has more gravitational potential energy. However, if the two objects are at the same height, the object with a greater mass has more gravitational potential energy. Now, I’m aboard Tiangong. I plan to make every minute count. We’ll stay here for about a week. After that, we’ll fly back to Earth. Scientists will then study how our bodies may have changed. 1．When did the mice board the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft? A．On October 31st. B．On November 2nd. C．On November 8th. 2．What’s the topic of Paragraphs 1 and 2? A．My task after boarding the space station. B．My first trip experience in the space station. C．My imagination about living in the space station. 3．We do the experiment in such conditions: ①Ball A and Ball B are identical (完全一样); ②Ball B is at a greater height; ③The two ramps and the ground are equally (同样) smooth. The result: D1<D2. Why? A．Because Ball B has a greater mass. B．Because Ball A is heavier to stop it from moving. C．Because Ball B has more gravitational potential energy to make it move farther. 4．How does the mouse feel when it says “I plan to make every minute count”? A．“I’ll fall in love with counting time. It’s interesting.” B．“Every minute and second is important. I will value it.” C．“I can count. I know there are sixty minutes in an hour.” 5．Which part of a magazine may the text be taken from? A．Culture and tradition. B．Science and technology. C．Hobby and habit. Passage 8 （2026·四川成都·二模）Rainforests are home to many kinds of plants, birds and animals. Can you believe that a small group of bushes in the Amazon may have more types of ants than all of Britain? About 480 kinds of trees can be found in just 10,000 square meters of rainforest. Rainforests are the “lungs of the Earth”. They breathe in CO2 and breathe out O2 for all living things. They have their own ways to stay alive—tall trees form a top layer of leaves and branches, protecting themselves, small plants and animals from heavy rain, strong heat and strong winds. Surprisingly, the trees grow in a special way. Although their leaves and branches are close to each other, they never really touch those of other trees. Scientists think this can help stop tree illnesses from spreading and make it difficult for leaf-eating insects to live. To live in the forest, animals have to climb, jump or fly across these spaces. Different from what we see in films, the ground of the rainforest is not full of thick leaves and bushes. It is quite clear. Dead leaves turn into food for trees and other living things there. Rainforests can make 75% of their own rain. Every year, the rain is usually about 2032 mm, and in some places, it can be as much as 10922 mm. Such heavy rain can make small rivers rise about 3 to 6 meters in only two hours. The wet air in rainforests also helps make rain clouds for other countries that need rain. 1．Why are rainforests called the “lungs of the Earth”? A．Because they have many tall trees. B．Because they give homes to many animals. C．Because they take in CO2 and make O2 for the world. 2．How does the top layer of tall trees help the rainforest? A．It stops trees from touching each other. B．It protects living things there from bad weather. C．It provides enough living space for leaf-eating insects. 3．Why don’t the branches and leaves of different trees touch each other? A．To help animals jump across the spaces. B．To make leaf-eating insects live more easily. C．To help stop tree illnesses and harmful insects. 4．What can we learn about rainforests in the last paragraph? A．They need much rain from other places. B．The wet air from them helps other countries. C．Heavy rain in rainforests is bad for small rivers. 5．Which part of the newspaper is this text taken from? A．Nature. B．Life. C．Science. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 中华文化 Passage 1 （2026·贵州贵阳·二模）A spring pancake is prepared at a restaurant in Beijing, one day ahead of lichun, or Start of Spring, the first of China’s traditional 24 solar terms (节气). For many Chinese families, the first sign of spring is tasted rather than seen. Spring pancakes, spring rolls and the ancient idea of the spring platter all carry the same message: Renewal begins at the table. Lichun marks the turning of the seasons. The tradition of eating spring pancakes on this day—known as yaochun, or “biting into spring”—is one expression of that belief. Folk tradition holds that taking a bite of a spring pancake is a way of symbolizing hopes for health, prosperity and smooth days ahead. While spring pancakes are popular in northern China, the south marks the same solar term with spring rolls. Though different in form, both foods carry the same symbolic hopes for renewal. Compared with the soft suppleness of spring pancakes, spring rolls are thinner and firmer, turning crisp without easily breaking. Inside, bamboo shoots, mushrooms, chives and pork are commonly used, stir-fried just enough to keep their freshness before being fried. They have become a must-eat seasonal dish on southern tables. Even as modern life improves, the tradition of “biting into spring” remains widely practiced across China. Like an invisible thread (线), it connects people to their cultural heritage, reminding them to follow nature’s rhythms and taste the beauty of folk traditions. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By using numbers. B．By comparing things. C．By giving an example. 2．Which of the following food carries the meaning of lichun in South China? A． B． C． 3．What does the underlined “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A．China. B．Modern life. C．The tradition. 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．Taste Food, Feel Cultures B．Celebrate Festivals, Enjoy Life C．Create Hopes, Change Traditions 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国立春时节南北方吃春饼、春卷的传统习俗，讲述了这些食物的特点、寓意，以及“咬春”传统承载的文化意义。 【详解】1．根据第一段“A spring pancake is prepared at a restaurant in Beijing, one day ahead of lichun...”作者开篇就用“北京餐厅准备春饼”这一具体场景作为例子，引出立春的话题。 2．根据第二段“Spring pancakes, spring rolls and the ancient idea of the spring platter all carry the same message...”以及第四段可知，春饼和春卷（spring rolls）承载着立春更新的意义。全文围绕春饼、春卷展开，提到两者都承载立春的寓意；北方吃春饼、南方吃春卷，选项B是春卷，符合文中描述的立春传统食物。 3．根据最后一段“Even as modern life improves, the tradition of ‘biting into spring’ remains widely practiced across China. Like an invisible thread, it connects people to their cultural heritage...”可知代词it指代前文提到的单数名词，这里前文的核心名词是 “the tradition of ‘biting into spring’”（咬春的传统）。 4．全文以立春的传统食物（春饼、春卷）为切入点，讲述食物背后的文化寓意与民俗传统，核心是“食物与文化”的关联，因此选项A“Taste Food, Feel Cultures” 最贴合主题。 Passage 2 （2026·贵州贵阳·二模）Chinese calligraphy, an important part of China’s traditional culture, has a long history of about 3,000 years. It’s not just writing but an expressive art form that shows the beauty of Chinese characters and the spirit of the Chinese people. The four treasures of the study—brush, ink, paper, and inkstone—are necessary tools. The brush, made from animal hair, comes in various sizes and styles. Ink is traditionally ground from an ink stick on the inkstone, creating a rich black color. Xuan paper, thin yet strong, can absorb water well, allowing strokes (笔画) to be clear. There are different styles like regular script, running script, and clerical script (隶书), each with their own characteristics. Regular script features neat and uniform strokes, often used for official documents and teaching. Running script is freer, showing the writer’s personality. Clerical script, with its ancient and serious appearance, is commonly seen in temples and monuments. Chinese calligraphy shows the writer’s personality and emotions. It requires control of stroke thickness and rhythm. Famous works like Wang Xizhi’s “Preface to the Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion” (《兰亭集序》) are treasures in Chinese art. These great works show the calligrapher’s skill and artistic feeling. Learning calligraphy helps people understand Chinese culture and history. It’s a way to relax and develop patience. Even today, many people practice it to be more focused and experience traditional culture. Schools often offer calligraphy classes to develop students’ interest and appreciation for this art form. As a bridge linking the past and the present, Chinese calligraphy is a symbol of Chinese culture. It passes down the wisdom and art of the Chinese nation and continues to attract people worldwide. 1．What does the underlined word “absorb” most probably mean? A．put up B．take in C．throw away 2．Which calligraphy style can people often see in monuments? A．Clerical script. B．Regular script. C．Running script. 3．Why does the writer mention Wang Xizhi’s work in Para. 4? A．To compare it with other calligraphers’ works. B．To explain why it’s a symbol of Chinese culture. C．To show that calligraphy expresses one’s personality. 4．In which part of a magazine can we read the text? A．Travel Around B．Culture Window C．Business Today 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国书法的历史、文房四宝、不同书体的特点、书法作品的意义以及学习书法的价值。 【详解】1．原文第二段提到“Xuan paper, thin yet strong, can absorb water well, allowing strokes to be clear.”，根据上下文，宣纸能很好地吸收水分，由此可知“absorb”在这里的意思是“吸收”，与“take in”一致。 2．原文第三段提到“Clerical script, with its ancient and serious appearance, is commonly seen in temples and monuments.”，由此可知在碑刻中常见的书体是隶书。 3．原文第四段提到“Chinese calligraphy shows the writer’s personality and emotions... These great works show the calligrapher’s skill and artistic feeling.”，由此可知作者提到王羲之的作品，是为了说明书法能够表达书写者的个性与情感。 4．全文围绕中国书法这一传统文化艺术展开介绍，由此可知这篇文章最可能出现在杂志的“文化窗口”栏目。 Passage 3 （2026·贵州黔东南·二模）Dashuhua, or “striking iron flowers,” is an amazing traditional performance. During festivals in Nuanquan, Hebei province, performers use special tools to throw melted iron (铁水) at city walls. The hot iron suddenly breaks into thousands of sparks (火花) that look like golden trees in the night sky. It is a beautiful but highly dangerous show. Because of its danger, only well-trained experts are allowed to perform it. This traditional art has a long history. During the Ming Dynasty, Nuanquan was a town famous for making tools for wars. Local workers found that hot iron thrown onto a cold wall could create beautiful sparks. They drew inspiration from this and started to throw iron for fun. In the past, people performed it during the Spring Festival to wish for peace and a good year. Wang De, a 61-year-old performer, has been doing this for over 40 years. He explains that a performance needs 2 hours of preparation and a team of 12 people. The iron is heated to over 1,600℃. To stay safe, performers must wear special clothes, like thick jackets and grass hats. Even with careful protection, accidents are still common. Therefore, the show requires excellent skills and amazing courage. However, this fantastic art faces big challenges. In Nuanquan, there are only four inheritors (传承人) left who have mastered the skill. “When I was young, I thought it was just exciting,” Wang De says. “But years later, I realized it is my duty to pass it on to the next generation.” He hopes more people will value and protect this national cultural heritage (遗产). 1．Why did people perform Dashuhua in the past? A．Because they wanted to show their excellent skills. B．Because they wanted to make special tools for wars. C．Because they wanted to wish for peace and a good year. 2．How does the writer show the danger and difficulty of Dashuhua in Paragraph 3? A．By asking questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By showing differences. 3．How does Wang De’s attitude change towards passing on Dashuhua? A．Bored → doubtful → excited B．Doubtful → worried → hopeful C．Excited → responsible → hopeful 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To explain how people celebrate festivals in Hebei. B．To teach us how to make a successful performance. C．To introduce a traditional art and call for its protection. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了河北省暖泉镇的传统表演艺术“打树花”的历史、表演方式、危险性及传承困境，旨在呼吁人们重视和保护这一国家级文化遗产。 【详解】1．第二段“In the past, people performed it during the Spring Festival to wish for peace and a good year.” 文中直接说明过去人们表演打树花是为了祈求平安、年景顺遂。 2．第三段“over 40 years”、“2 hours of preparation”、“a team of 12 people”、“over 1,600℃” 作者通过列举表演时长、团队人数、铁水温度等具体数字，直观体现打树花的准备复杂度与表演危险性。 3．第四段“When I was young, I thought it was just exciting...But years later, I realized it is my duty to pass it on to the next generation…He hopes more people will value and protect this national cultural heritage.”，王德年轻时觉得打树花很刺激，后来意识到传承是自己的责任，最后对这门艺术的未来充满希望，态度变化为 “兴奋→有责任感→满怀希望”。 4．文章先介绍打树花的形式、历史与难度，最后点明其面临传承困境，呼吁人们重视并保护这一非遗艺术，核心目的是介绍传统艺术并倡导保护。 主题02 科学技术 Passage 1 （2026·贵州黔东南·二模）On April 19, 2026, a very special and exciting sports event was successfully held in Yizhuang, Beijing. As the world’s first humanoid (人形的) robot half marathon (马拉松), this event attracted wide attention from both the technology field and the public. A robot named Lightning from a Chinese team finally won the first place with its excellent performance. It finished the challenging 21.0975 kilometer race in just 50 minutes and 26 seconds. This amazing record is much faster than the human world record of 57 minutes and 20 seconds set earlier in March 2026. It clearly shows that robots have made an amazing success in running ability and balance control. Compared with the first robot half marathon held last year, this year’s robots performed much better and smarter. The winner of last year’s race spent more than two hours finishing the same challenging distance (距离). This year, the top three robots all broke the human world record easily. They could not only run at high speed but also plan their ways by themselves and keep perfect balance on different road conditions. The race has shown the rapid progress of China’s robot and AI technology. These smart robots can deal with small difficulties during running, such as avoiding small stones, passing gentle turns and keeping proper speed. In the near future, they are expected to help humans with more kinds of work, including looking after the elderly, carrying heavy things and doing simple housework. This special robot competition not only brings people surprise and excitement but also makes us believe that humanoid robots will play a more and more important role in our daily life and create more wonders for the whole world. 1．What can we know about the robot Lightning? A．It was the only robot to finish the race in Beijing. B．It spent more than two hours finishing the marathon. C．Its running record is faster than the human world record. 2．What can we infer (推断) from Paragraph 3? A．The road conditions this year were much easier than last year. B．Human runners will no longer take part in half marathon races. C．Robots are becoming better at thinking and moving by themselves. 3．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Small stones. B．Smart robots. C．Heavy things. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．The Future Challenges of Human Marathon B．The Great History of Modern AI Technology C．The Rapid Progress of China’s Robot and AI Technology 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了2026年北京举办的世界首个人形机器人半程马拉松中，中国机器人“闪电”以快于人类世界记录的成绩夺冠，展示了中国机器人及AI技术的快速进步。 【详解】1．根据第二段中“This amazing record is much faster than the human world record of 57 minutes and 20 seconds”可知，机器人的纪录比人类世界纪录快。 2．根据第三段中“They could not only run at high speed but also plan their ways by themselves and keep perfect balance on different road conditions”，可以推断出机器人在自主思考和移动能力方面变得更好。 3．根据第四段中“These smart robots can deal with small difficulties...they are expected to help humans...”可知， “they”指代前一句的主语These smart robots（这些智能机器人）。 4．根据全文内容，文章以人形机器人半程马拉松赛事为切入点，多处体现机器人性能大幅提升，第四段首句直接点明赛事展现出中国机器人与人工智能技术飞速进步，因此C选项是最佳标题。 Passage 2 （2026·贵州铜仁·二模）At the 2025 Spring Festival Gala, the performance called “Yang-BOT” surprised many people because the robots could dance really well. However, the 2026 new show “Wu-BOT” took robot technology to a much higher level. It was not only a dance show, but also a wonderful martial arts (Kung Fu) performance. In the “Wu-BOT” performance, robots performed with students from a famous martial arts school. They did many difficult actions that even most humans can not do easily. For example, they performed single-leg backflips and jumped nearly three meters high into the air. They even used their dexterous (灵巧的) hands to wave wooden staffs (棍) just like real Kung Fu masters. How did these robots become so “smart”? Wang Xingxing, the founder of Unitree Robotics, shared the secret. He explained that the robots practiced over 100 million times in a computer simulation (模拟) before they appeared on the real stage. This way of learning is called “Reinforcement Learning”. It helps robots find the best way to keep their balance and complete difficult moves. “Wu-BOT” is more than just a show. It shows that Chinese robots are becoming faster, stronger, and more flexible. In the future, such technology will make it possible for robots to work in factories or help people with housework. From “Yang-BOT” to “Wu-BOT”, we can see that the dream of “humans and machines working together” is coming true. The future of technology is truly exciting! 1．What did the “Wu-BOT” show do in 2026? A．It only performed on the computer. B．It was a fantastic Kung Fu performance. C．It was a dance show just like “Yang-BOT”. 2．How did the robots become so “smart” according to the passage? A．They learned from real Kung Fu masters directly. B．They were born with the ability to do difficult moves. C．They practiced millions of times in a computer simulation. 3．What does the underlined word “Reinforcement” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese? A．强化 B．虚拟 C．平衡 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Robots can already help people in many families. B．People and robots may work together in the future. C．Chinese robots are already the best in the world in all fields. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了春晚机器人节目《Wu‑BOT》的精彩功夫表演、背后的强化学习技术原理，以及该技术展现出的中国机器人发展成果与未来应用前景。 【详解】1．根据第一段最后一句“It was not only a dance show, but also a wonderful martial arts (Kung Fu) performance.”可知，2026年的《Wu-BOT》不仅仅是一场舞蹈秀，更是一场精彩的武术（功夫）表演。 2．根据第三段第三句“He explained that the robots practiced over 100 million times in a computer simulation (模拟) before they appeared on the real stage.”可知，机器人变得“聪明”的秘诀是在登上真实舞台前，在计算机模拟中练习了超过一亿次。 3．根据第三段语境可知，该学习方式帮助机器人反复练习、优化动作、找到最佳平衡方式，属于强化学习，因此“Reinforcement”意为强化。 4．根据最后一段倒数第二句“From ‘Yang‑BOT’ to ‘Wu‑BOT’, we can see that the dream of ‘humans and machines working together’ is coming true.”可知，未来人类和机器人可能一起工作。 主题03 科普知识 Passage 1 （2026·贵州遵义·二模）You may feel that math is difficult and boring. Is it possible that you’ve been looking at math in the wrong way? Li Xing, a math professor at Ningxia University, thinks math can be beautiful and fun. I completely agree with what he said. Numbers are beautiful There is math hidden in beautiful human bodies. Measure (测量) the length from your head to your belly button and from your belly button to your feet. The ratio (比例) of these two numbers is always around 0.618. This is the golden ratio, which can be seen everywhere, like in nature, music and paintings. In Chinese poems, we can also see the beauty of numbers. As Li Bai wrote, “My skiff (小船) has left ten thousand mountains far away” “A thousand miles in one day”—all these numbers show how fast Li Bai traveled and how happy he felt. Curves (曲线) are beautiful “Sine curves” are beautiful. They go towards the two opposite directions on and on without ever ending. When you look at them, you may feel like standing by the sea and watching the waves slowly moving. “Tangent curves” is like a waterfall, just as Li Bai wrote, “dashing (猛冲) down three thousand feet from on high” Formulas (公式) are beautiful There are some amazing formulas. In a right-angled triangle (直角三角形), the square of the longest side is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. How amazing! Just as Chinese-American mathematician Chern Shingshen said “Math is fun!” 1．Why does the writer mention Li Bai and his poems in the passage? A．To introduce the topic. B．To support his opinion. C．To share the Chinese poems. 2．What does a sine curve look like? A． B． C． 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．Why math is beautiful and fun. B．What are the curves and formulas. C．How we can learn math in a right way. 4．Who is the most probable writer of the passage? A．A teacher who likes playing basketball. B．A student who likes math and is good at it. C．A dancer who likes Li Bai and Chinese poems. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【知识点】科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，通过数字、曲线、公式三个角度，结合人体比例、李白诗歌、三角函数等例子，阐述了数学的美感与趣味性，反驳了“数学枯燥困难”的观点。 【详解】1．根据文中引用李白的诗句，是为了证明“数字在古诗中也有美感”这一观点，属于举例支撑观点。 2．根据文中描述正弦曲线“‘Sine curves’ are beautiful. They go towards the two opposite directions on and on without ever ending.”（向相反方向无限延伸、周期性波动），选项C的图像符合这一特征。 3．文章开头就提出“math can be beautiful and fun”，并从数字、曲线、公式三个方面展开论述，核心是说明数学为何美丽有趣。 4．通读全文可知，作者既熟悉数学知识，又能结合李白诗歌解读数学美感，大概率是喜欢数学且擅长数学的学生。 Passage 2 （2026·贵州遵义·二模） It is always hard to get out of bed on a cold winter morning. As I try to get out of bed, I sometimes think, “How nice it would be if I were a bear.” I could then sleep from winter until the following spring. Bears start preparing for hibernation (冬眠) in early autumn. They eat up to 40 kilograms of food a day. Their weight can increase by ten to fifteen kilograms per week. To get through the winter, they fall into long periods of sleep in order to save energy. After they enter hibernation, bears don’t eat or drink, but it doesn’t mean that their bodies have completely shut down. In fact, the bears experience a mild (温和的) form of hibernation. Deep hibernators, such as squirrels, will experience a drop in body temperature of about 30 degrees. Bears’ body temperature, however, drops by only ten degrees. Because of their small drop in body temperature, bears can wake up and react quickly to danger during hibernation. During hibernation, bears’ stored fat and protein (蛋白质) are broken down to produce energy. Throughout the winter, they may lose fifteen to twenty percent of their body weight. After the weather becomes warm, bears wake up and emerge again, and they begin eating to make up for their weight loss. Do all the bears hibernate? Well, polar bears don’t need to do so. Also, bears in zoos don’t hibernate if they are given food. However, this is unhealthy for these animals, because it may cause them to become overweight. Most zoos now do allow bears to hibernate. It’s happy to see that these animals can enjoy a sweet and healthy sleep. 1．How much food can bears eat at most a day when preparing for hibernation? A．10 kg. B．15 kg. C．40 kg. 2．Which is the difference between mild and deep hibernation mentioned in the text? A．The changes in weight. B．The ways to store food. C．The drops in body temperature. 3．What does the underlined word “emerge” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Hide. B．Appear. C．Sleep. 4．What does the writer think of the hibernation of bears in zoos? A．It is helpful. B．It is dangerous. C．It is surprising. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了熊冬眠的相关知识，包括冬眠前的准备、冬眠的特点（温和型冬眠与深度冬眠的区别）、冬眠期间的生理变化，以及不同种类的熊（如北极熊、动物园里的熊）冬眠的情况。 【详解】1． 第2段“They eat up to 40 kilograms of food a day.”，直接说明熊在为冬眠做准备时，每天最多能吃40公斤食物，与选项C完全对应。 2．第3段“Deep hibernators...will experience a drop in body temperature of about 30 degrees. Bears’ body temperature, however, drop by only ten degrees.” ，对比了深度冬眠动物和熊（温和冬眠）的体温下降幅度，说明二者的区别在于体温下降的程度。 3．第4段“After the weather becomes warm, bears wake up and emerge again, and they begin eating...”，描述天气变暖后熊醒来并再次出现、开始进食，“emerge”意为“出现、现身”，与“Appear”意思一致。 4．第5段“Most zoos now do allow bears to hibernate. It’s happy to see that these animals can enjoy a sweet and healthy sleep.”，作者提到动物园让熊冬眠能让它们享受“sweet and healthy sleep”，可见作者认为这对熊是有益的。 主题01 中华文化 Passage 1 （2026·贵州遵义·二模）As more Brazilians seek holistic (全面的) ways to health and wellness, Chinese tai chi has become popular across the nation in recent years. In Brazil, tai chi classes have appeared in parks and squares, attracting Brazilians of all ages. On an ordinary morning in Brasilia, nearly 60 members of a local community gather for tai chi lessons. Hildo Couko, a retired professor, has been practicing tai chi for about two decades. In 2005, he passed by a park and saw some people practicing tai chi, which sparked curiosity in him. Then a German invited him to join in. “Then I joined ‘forever’. It changed my life,” Couko said, noting that tai chi makes him much healthier, and is a beautiful way to connect body and mind. Woo Moo-Shong from China, 93, started a tai chi class in Brazil in 1974. Learners from different belief backgrounds and nationalities gather to practice tai chi under his guidance. His efforts toward cultural dialogue have been praised by the Brazilian government many times. Master Woo expressed a deep desire to spread Chinese culture globally. “Tai chi is a treasure left by our ancestors. Through tai chi, many people have come to understand that China is not only known for its martial arts but also for tai chi, which symbolizes health, harmony, and peaceful coexistence (共存).” he said. Nowadays, there are 43 clinics in Brasilia that introduce tai chi to patients, helping them in their health. Furthermore, the Brazilian government has listed tai chi as one of the “recommended health sports”. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By introducing the places to learn tai chi. B．By showing the popularity of tai chi in Brazil. C．By sharing personal experiences of learning tai chi. 2．What can we infer from the text? A．Hildo Couko learned tai chi from a Chinese teacher in 2005. B．Woo Moo-Shong has been teaching tai chi in Brazil for over 60 years. C．The Brazilian government thinks highly of Woo Moo-Shong’s efforts. 3．Why does the writer mention the 43 clinics in Brasilia in the last paragraph? A．To show medical workers love tai chi very much. B．To show the government supports all kinds of sports. C．To prove tai chi is helpful to people’s health and wellness. 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．Tai Chi: A New Health Sport in Brazil B．Tai Chi: A Bridge Between Two Cultures C．Woo Moo-Shong: A Tai Chi Culture Spreader 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了中国太极在巴西的流行情况，讲述了太极如何成为巴西民众喜爱的健康运动，并成为中巴文化交流的桥梁。 【详解】1．文中第一段提到“Chinese tai chi has become popular across the nation in recent years. In Brazil, tai chi classes have appeared in parks and squares, attracting Brazilians of all ages.”，直接说明了太极在巴西的流行程度，因此作者是通过展示太极在巴西的受欢迎程度来开篇的。 2．文中第三段提到“His efforts toward cultural dialogue have been praised by the Brazilian government many times.”，说明巴西政府高度认可Woo Moo-Shong的贡献。 3．文中最后一段提到“Nowadays, there are 43 clinics in Brasilia that introduce tai chi to patients, helping them in their health.”，说明提及这些诊所是为了证明太极对人们的健康有益。 4．全文围绕“太极在巴西作为健康运动的流行”展开，从民众的参与、诊所的引入到政府的推荐，都聚焦于太极在巴西作为健康运动的发展现状。虽然文中提到了文化交流，但这只是次要内容，并非全文的核心。因此最佳标题应是Tai Chi: A New Health Sport in Brazil。 Passage 2 （2026·贵州贵阳·二模）In the central square of Zengchong Village in Guizhou stands a special wooden tower, the Zengchong Drum Tower. Built in 1672, it is one of the oldest Dong drum towers in China. It shows the great building skills of the Dong people and is a key national cultural relic (文物). The tower is 25 meters high with 13 layers of roofs. It is made only of wood in a special way. The wood fits perfectly without any nails (钉子). Four large thick wooden pillars (柱子) inside form a strong center, and eight more outside form a ring. They connect tightly, making the tower very stable. The roofs are painted with colourful pictures of dragons, fish and other animals. The tower is more than a beautiful building. On the first floor, there is a fire pit (火坑). People sit around it to keep warm, chat and have big meals. In the past, villagers held important meetings here. It is also a place for showing respect to their ancestors. High in the tower hangs a big drum. In the old days, people used different drum-beats to send messages. This special structure is a folk building for the Dong people, serving as a place for discussing affairs in the community, welcoming guests, singing grand songs, and holding other important events. It is not only a living treasure of the Dong people’s building skills, but also one of the oldest existing drum towers in Dong villages all over China. Today, the Zengchong Drum Tower is well protected. It stands for the wisdom and spirit of the Dong people. It is a living cultural treasure for us to value and protect. 1．What makes Zengchong Drum Tower special in building? A．It has no nails. B．It is made of stone. C．It has a black roof. 2．What does the underlined word“stable” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Strong. B．Popular. C．Beautiful. 3．What can we know about Zengchong Drum Tower? A．It’s one of the oldest existing drums in the world. B．It’s a place where Dong people can get together. C．It’s a common building structure in Dong villages. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．The special design of the drum tower. B．The traditional life of the Dong people. C．The history and roles of the drum tower. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了贵州增冲鼓楼的建筑特点、历史文化意义，以及它在侗族人民生活中的重要作用。 【详解】1．文中第2段提到“It is made only of wood in a special way. The wood fits perfectly without any nails.”，说明增冲鼓楼建筑上的特别之处是不用钉子。 2．文中第2段提到“Four large thick wooden pillars inside form a strong center, and eight more outside form a ring. They connect tightly, making the tower very stable.”，结合上下文，柱子紧密连接让鼓楼“稳固、结实”，因此“stable”的含义与“Strong”相近。 3．文中第3段提到“People sit around it to keep warm, chat and have big meals. In the past, villagers held important meetings here. It is also a place for showing respect to their ancestors.”，说明鼓楼是侗族人民聚会的场所。 4．全文介绍了增冲鼓楼的建造历史、建筑特点，以及它在侗族社区中的多种功能（议事、待客、举办活动等），因此主旨是鼓楼的历史与作用。 Passage 3 （2026·广西南宁·二模）In Jingdezhen, China’s famous “Porcelain (瓷器) Capital,” scientists are doing something amazing. They’re using modern technology to understand and recreate ancient ceramics (制陶术). How cool is that? One of their projects is the Ancient Ceramics Gene Bank. Researchers collect broken pieces of old porcelain—yes, even “rubbish”!—and study them with high-technology tools. And then each piece is given a “digital ID”. This helps them learn how the old masters made their art. A broken piece of a duck-shaped incense burner (香炉) even became a cute cartoon character called “Suisui Duck”! But that’s not all. Some people in Jingdezhen use 3D printers to make ceramics. In the past, making a porcelain vase (花瓶) needed 72 steps and took up to 15 days. Now, with a 3D printer, you can finish a piece in just 3 hours! This means artists can create wild shapes that were impossible before. A young designer named Liang Liwen has an even cooler idea. His family has made ceramics for three generations (几代人). Now he makes ceramic material! He creates very thin porcelain pieces—only 0.4 mm thick—and joins them with cloth to make beautiful dresses. His designs have appeared in London and Milan Fashion Weeks! These stories show that old traditions and new technology can work together. Science is not just for labs — it can help us keep our culture alive in exciting new ways. 1．Why do researchers collect broken pieces of old porcelain? A．To turn them into cartoon characters. B．To learn how old masters made their art. C．To sell them to museums for money. 2．What is the main difference between traditional ceramics making and using 3D printers? A．3D printers cannot make vases. B．Traditional methods are much cheaper. C．Traditional methods take more time and more steps. 3．What does the underline word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Thin porcelain pieces. B．Beautiful dresses. C．His designs. 4．According to the passage, what might happen in Jingdezhen in the future? A．People will stop making ceramics by hand. B．People will use ceramic dresses to replace all normal clothing. C．People will mix traditional ceramics with more creative thoughts. 5．Which is the best title for this passage? A．The Long History of Jingdezhen Porcelain B．Liang Liwen: A Young Designer from Jingdezhen C．Old Art, New Tech: Keeping Ceramic Culture Alive 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文讲述景德镇运用现代科技复刻、创新古老制陶技艺，打造瓷器基因库、3D 打印制瓷，设计师还跨界融合瓷料与服饰，展现传统工艺与现代科技相融，助力传统文化传承焕新。 【详解】1．根据原文第二段“This helps them learn how the old masters made their art.”可知，研究者收集碎古瓷研究的目的是了解古代工匠的制瓷工艺。 2．根据原文第三段“In the past, making a porcelain vase (花瓶) needed 72 steps and took up to 15 days. Now, with a 3D printer, you can finish a piece in just 3 hours!”可知，传统做一个瓷花瓶需要72道工序，最长耗时15天，3D打印仅需要3小时，说明传统方法比3D打印工序更多、耗时更长。 3．原文第四段“He creates very thin porcelain pieces—only 0.4 mm thick—and joins them with cloth to make beautiful dresses.”可知，代词them指代前文提到的同名复数名词，前文句意为“他制作出仅0.4毫米厚的薄瓷片，再把它们和布料拼接制作成漂亮的裙子”，因此them指代的就是前文的“薄瓷片”。 4．根据原文第五段“These stories show that old traditions and new technology can work together.”可知，古老传统与新兴科技能够相辅相成、融合共存。C“人们会将传统陶瓷和更多创意结合”符合文章方向。 5．本文讲述景德镇运用现代科技复刻、创新古老制陶技艺，打造瓷器基因库、3D 打印制瓷，设计师还跨界融合瓷料与服饰，展现传统工艺与现代科技相融，助力传统文化传承焕新。C选项准确点明了文章主旨：古老艺术结合新技术，延续陶瓷文化。 主题02 青少年问题 Passage 1 （2026·贵州铜仁·二模）Recently, a super popular phrase “Aini, Laoji” is sweeping Chinese social media among young people. It is a cute way of saying “love yourself” in Chinese. Instead of taking “love yourself” too seriously, this phrase turns people into their own best friends. The trend started from a funny change to a video game line. When life feels hard or stressful, young people say “Love you, Lao Ji, see you tomorrow” to comfort themselves, like giving themselves a gentle pat (轻拍) on the back. In today’s fast-paced world, people often face huge pressure and are too hard on themselves. “Aini, Laoji” reminds us to treat ourselves with the same kindness we show to others, teaching us that it is okay to make mistakes and we deserve (值得) our own love and self-care. Self-care doesn’t need to be expensive. You can buy a cup of tea with milk you like, do exercise after class, or just listen to music. These small acts help you to feel better without spending much money. True self-care is not being lazy or selfish. It’s about balancing your needs with responsibilities. This popular online phrase is more than a joke, it marks the growth of young people’s self-awareness (自我意识), proving that they are learning to accept who they are and care for their own feelings first, instead of only waiting to be loved by others. Though the phrase may fade (褪去) one day, its spirit will stay: be kind to yourself, light up your own heart, and always love your “LaoJi”. 1．What does the phrase “Aini, Laoji” mean? A．Loving and being kind to yourself. B．Spending much money on self-care. C．Asking other people to love and care for you. 2．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．To show where the popular online phrase comes from. B．To tell us how the phrase “Aini, Laoji” first became popular. C．To explain why young people need to learn to love themselves. 3．Which of the following is a cheap way of self-care according to the passage? A．Asking others to please you. B．Doing exercise after class. C．Buying a gift that you can’t afford. 4．What is the structure of the text? (P = paragraph) A． B． C． 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了在快节奏的现代生活中，年轻人常被压力裹挟，却也在寻找与自己和解的方式。“爱你，老几”这句流行语的爆火，不仅是一次网络趣味表达的传播，更是青年群体自我意识觉醒的缩影。本文将从其起源、内涵与现实意义展开探讨。 【详解】1．根据文章第一段“It is a cute way of saying “love yourself” in Chinese. ”可知，它是“love yourself”的可爱说法，且核心含义是善待自己，选项A符合题意。 2．根据文章第3段讲述了年轻人面临压力、对自己太苛刻，而这个短语提醒人们要自我关怀，也就是解释年轻人为什么需要学会爱自己，选项C符合题意。 3．根据文章第四段“You can buy a cup of tea with milk you like, do exercise after class, or just listen to music. ”可知，“do exercise after class”是不用花很多钱的自我关怀方式，选项B符合题意。 4．通读全文可知，文章结构是：第1段：引入话题（介绍短语）；第2段：短语的起源/由来；第3段：解释原因/意义；第4段：说明自我关怀的方式；第5段：总结/升华 这是典型的“总—分—总”或“引入—分述—总结”结构，对应选项C的结构。 主题03 科学技术 Passage 1 （2026·贵州遵义·二模） In recent years, the idea of flying cars has moved from science fiction to real life. On Oct 12, a flying car flew up over Dubai. The Chinese company Aridge made it. How cool is that? Two in one The flying car’s name is Land Aircraft Carrier. It is the world’s first modular (模块化的) flying car. It means that the car and the aircraft can be separated. The car is 5.5 meters long. The aircraft is kept in the back of the car. You can charge (充电) it when it is in the car. It usually takes about 35 minutes to charge an electric car from 30% to 80%. But the flying car takes 18 minutes. To make the car ready to fly, you only need to press one button (按钮). The car and aircraft can separate in five minutes. Easy to drive and fly The aircraft can take off and land in small spaces. It has six special wings to help it fly. They can fold up. The aircraft can fly on its own or with a person controlling it. When it flies by itself, you can plan where it goes. You can let it take off or land with just one button. When you control it, you can use one stick to do everything with one hand. The aircraft can fly for 30 minutes and up to 1,000 meters high. Ready to go The price of the flying car is under 2 million yuan. By now, Aridge already has more than 7,000 orders from around the world. Experts predict that by 2030, such flying cars could be widely used for daily travel and emergency services. 1．How long does it take to charge the flying car from 30% to 80%? A．18 minutes. B．30 minutes. C．35 minutes. 2．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The small spaces. B．The special wings. C．The flying cars. 3．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To explain the history of flying cars. B．To introduce a new kind of flying car. C．To teach us how to drive a flying car. 4．In which part of a magazine can we read the text? A．Science Window. B．Famous People. C．Eating Customs. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了飞行汽车的一些相关情况。 1．根据第二段“It usually takes about 35 minutes to charge an electric car from 30% to 80%. But the flying car takes 18 minutes.”可知，这种飞行汽车从30%充电到80%只需要18分钟。 2．根据第三段“It has six special wings to help it fly. They can fold up.”可知，这里“they”指代的是前文提到的“six special wings”。 3．根据全文可知，文章从结构、操作、市场前景等方面介绍了中国公司研发的一款新型模块化飞行汽车，因此作者的目的是介绍这种新型飞行汽车。 4．本文主要介绍了飞行汽车的一些相关情况，是新型科技发明，属于科技方面的，所以可以在杂志的“科技之窗”部分看到。 Passage 2 （2026·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模）A face-to-face meeting with Emperor Qinshihuang, once only a thought, is now within reach. In Central China’s Hunan Province, AI is making this kind of “meeting” possible—it’s making old things, places and even people from Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC) come alive. This fun project is from teamwork between a Changsha company and archaeologists (考古学家). The team uses AI to extract information from old papers and things dug up. Also, they put them in order. The company’s manager, Zhang Gangyi, showed how useful the technology is. He made a picture of Hua, an officer from the Qin Dynasty. Hua’s story and many facts of life in Qin times were written on about 38,000 bamboo slips (竹简). People found these slips in 2002. They are very useful — they filled an empty part in history and told us 15-year life in an old Qin town. Now, the AI-made Hua is a guide at Liye Ancient Town Archaeological Site Park. The park opened again in October after being fixed. It has a new smart guiding system made by Zhang’s team. They turned the old words on the bamboo slips into fun videos. Visitors can scan QR codes (二维码) at the park to watch these videos. Then they can feel what life was like 2,000 years ago. All pictures, clothes and things in the videos are based on real historical finds. For example, Hua’s clothes got ideas from Emperor Qinshihuang’s tomb in Shaanxi. The team had to read many reports to get small facts right. This was a big challenge for them. Zhang loves Chinese history very much. He said technology helps people learn about the past better. “History is not just in museum boxes—people can feel it and talk with it,” he said. He thinks “culture+technology” will make traditional culture easier for everyone to enjoy. For example, visitors could wear VR (虚拟现实) glasses to see Qin Dynasty buildings on screen. He also said our own technology is important. We can’t use foreign technologies for our cultural projects. 1．What makes the “face-to-face meeting with Emperor Qinshihuang” possible? A．AI technology used in the project. B．The old papers and things dug up. C．Bamboo slips found in Honan Province. 2．Which has the same meaning as the underlined word “extract” in Paragraph 2? A．The dentist needs to extract my bad tooth right away because it hurts a lot. B．To finish our history report, we need to extract important details from old books. C．People use special machines to extract oil from sunflower seeds every day. 3．How can visitors experience Qin life at the park? A．By wearing beautiful Qin Dynasty clothes. B．By talking with archaeologists in person. C．By scanning QR codes to watch videos. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．The bamboo slips found in 2002 told us everything about Qin life. B．The facts showed in the videos come from real historical discoveries. C．The AI-made Hua has become a popular guide in many ancient parks. 5．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．AI and Qin History: Making the Past Come Alive B．AI and Bamboo Slips: Telling Qin Dynasty History C．AI and Smart Park: Experiencing Qin Dynasty Life 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了湖南长沙的一家公司与考古学家合作，利用AI技术从竹简中提取信息，让秦朝官员“华”成为虚拟导游，使游客能够通过扫描二维码体验秦朝生活，展示了“文化+科技”让历史“活”起来的可能性。 【详解】1．文章第一段指出“AI is making this kind of ‘meeting’ possible”，说明是AI技术让“与秦始皇面对面”成为可能。 2．文章第二段描述团队使用AI从古老文献和出土文物中“extract”信息，与B选项“从旧书中提取重要细节”中的extract意思一致（提取、获取信息）。 3．文章第三段指出“Visitors can scan QR codes at the park to watch these videos. Then they can feel what life was like 2,000 years ago.”，说明游客通过扫描二维码观看视频来体验秦朝生活。 4．文章第四段指出“All pictures, clothes and things in the videos are based on real historical finds.”，说明视频中的内容基于真实的历史发现。 5．文章通篇讲述AI技术让秦朝历史“活”起来，使人们能够与过去互动，因此最佳标题为“AI and Qin History: Making the Past Come Alive”。 Passage 3 （2026·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）At the 2025 Spring Festival Gala, the “Yang-BOT” performance amazed everyone. People were surprised to see robots dancing so well. However, in 2026, the new show “Wu-BOT” took technology to a whole new level. It was not just a dance; it was a martial arts (武术) show, which was a special performance by Unitree Robotics. On the stage, several bright and flexible robots appeared, moving in perfect stage with students from a famous martial arts school. The robots, with their white bodies and red tops, copied every move of the performers, even quick arm swings. This performance was a great mix of traditional Chinese culture and modern technology. The stage background was a beautiful blue design with golden patterns (图案), just like the mountains and rivers of China. The robots showed how good Chinese technology has become, while the Kungfu performers kept our traditional art alive. Many people online talked excitedly about this show. They said it was both cool and meaningful. It was not just a fun performance, but also a way to show the world that China is moving forward. From “Yang-BOT” to “Wu-BOT,” we can see that the dream of “man and machine working together” is coming true. The future of technology is truly exciting! 1．Why does the writer mention the 2025 Spring Festival Gala? A．To compare the 2025 and 2026 Spring Festival Gala shows. B．To show that the “Yang-BOT” was more successful than “Wu-BOT”. C．To introduce the topic of robot performances. 2．Which company created the robots in the performance? A．A foreign tech company. B．Unitree Robotics. C．A traditional art school. 3．What did the robots do on the stage? A．They sang songs with the performers. B．They copied the Kungfu performers’ moves. C．They played music for the show. 4．What does the underlined word “flexible” probably mean in Chinese? A．沉重的 B．灵活的 C．缓慢的 5．What is the main topic of the passage? A．The history of the Spring Festival Gala. B．How to become a Kung fu performer. C．A special performance at the 2026 Spring Festival Gala. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了2026年春晚中Unitree Robotics带来的“Wu-BOT”机器人武术表演，通过与2025年的“Yang-BOT”舞蹈机器人对比，展现了中国科技与传统武术文化的融合，以及人机协作的未来发展。 【详解】1．第一段第1-2句“At the 2025 Spring Festival Gala, the ‘Yang-BOT’ performance amazed everyone… However, in 2026, the new show ‘Wu-BOT’ took technology to a whole new level.”，作者先介绍2025年的机器人舞蹈表演，是为了引出下文2026年的“Wu-BOT”机器人武术表演，属于引入话题的作用。 2．第一段最后一句“…it was a martial arts show, which was a special performance by Unitree Robotics.”，原文直接说明表演是由Unitree Robotics公司带来的。 3．第二段第二句“The robots… copied every move of the performers, even quick arm swings.”， 原文提到机器人模仿武术表演者的每一个动作。 4．第二段第一句“On the stage, several bright and flexible robots appeared, moving in perfect stage with students from a famous martial arts school.”，机器人能和武术学生同步完成动作，甚至快速挥臂，说明它们的动作是“灵活的”。 5．全文主旨，全文围绕2026年春晚的“Wu-BOT”机器人武术表演展开，介绍了表演的形式、技术亮点和文化意义。选项C“2026年春晚的一场特别表演”能概括全文核心内容。 主题04 科普知识 Passage 1 （2026·广西南宁·二模）① If you put two bottles of water—one hot and the other cold in a fridge, which will freeze more quickly? The cold water? But in fact, the hot water most probably freezes first. Strange, isn’t it? Scientists call it the Mpemba effect (姆潘巴效应). ② Once Erasto Mpemba, a school boy, was making ice cream in a cooking class. He was surprised to find that a heated mix froze more quickly than a cold one. He wondered why this happened. When Osborne, a university scientist, came to the school, he asked him about it. Osborne took it seriously. He suggested that they work together to find out why. They tested many times by using water with temperatures from 25℃ to 90℃, and their discovery (发现) showed that the higher the water temperature was, the less time it took the water to freeze. It means water at 25℃ takes the longest time to freeze and water at 90℃ takes the shortest. ③ What causes this effect? Some scientists think that the gas leaves water as water heats up, which makes it freeze quicker. Other scientists think differently. They say water in a bottle keeps moving, with hot water rising and cold water going down. This convection is stronger in the hotter bottle, which makes hot water lose heat faster than cold water. ④ Last winter, the Mpemba effect became popular online. Many people went to Harbin and threw hot water into the freezing air. The hot water would turn into ice at once, allowing people to enjoy the beautiful ice mist (薄雾) in the air. People took videos of this process and put them on the Internet. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking questions. 2．Which of the following can show Mpemba and Osborne’s discovery? A．B． C． 3．What does the underlined word “convection” mean in Para.③? A．The weight of the water bottle. B．The movement of heat in water. C．The leaving of the gas in the fridge. 4．Why does the writer give the example in the last paragraph? A．To answer Mpemba’s question. B．To invite people to travel to Harbin. C．To show the Mpemba effect in real life. 5．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了姆潘巴效应的现象、发现过程、科学解释以及现实生活中的趣味应用。 【详解】1．根据第①段“If you put two bottles of water—one hot and the other cold in a fridge, which will freeze more quickly?”可知，作者以提问的方式开篇，引出姆潘巴效应的话题。 2．根据第②段“the higher the water temperature was, the less time it took the water to freeze. It means water at 25℃ takes the longest time to freeze and water at 90℃ takes the shortest”可知，水温越高，结冰时间越短，水温与结冰时间呈负相关，对应A图曲线。 3．根据第③段“They say water in a bottle keeps moving, with hot water rising and cold water going down. This convection is stronger in the hotter bottle...”可知，“convection”指水在瓶中冷热对流的运动方式，即热量在水中的传递与流动。 4．根据第④段内容可知，作者举哈尔滨泼水成冰的例子，是为了展示姆潘巴效应在现实生活中的实际体现。 5．本文结构为：第①段引出话题，第②段介绍发现过程，第③段解释原理，第④段举现实例子，属于“总—分”结构，对应A选项的结构图。 Passage 2 （2026·广西南宁·二模）Many people like staying in their comfort zone (区域), but is it always good for us? A comfort zone is a place, situation or level where there is the least stress. However, stepping into the learning zone can help us achieve our best. Here are the reasons. Challenging yourself can help you be at your best Stepping outside one’s comfort zone is important for personal development. We should try something we might not succeed in. Taking risks helps us grow As children, we naturally like to take risks. But as we get older and learn to fear failure, we start trying fewer new things. We lose a lot because we’re afraid of failure. But you can’t learn anything without having problems. Facing new challenges can help us grow better Our comfort zone seems to become smaller as we get older—but if we can keep expanding (扩大) it, we’ll open ourselves up to a greater world as we grow. As we step into the learning zone, we will get more comfortable with the skills gradually and we’ll start to move into the comfort zone. A study found that learning new life skills can help our brain stay smart as we get older. However, don’t push yourself too far. Have you heard of “Yerkes-Dodson Law”? It means performance increases as stress grows, but only up to a point. If the level of stress becomes too high, performance will go down. When we experience too much stress, we enter the danger zone. 1．What is a comfort zone? A．A situation with the least stress. B．A learning environment. C．A dangerous area. 2．According to Paragraph 3, how can we help ourselves grow? A．By fearing failure. B．By feeling natural. C．By taking risks. 3．According to the passage, what helps keep our brain smart as we get old? A．Pushing yourself hard. B．Learning new life skills. C．Reducing stress. 4．Which of the following pictures can describe “Yerkes-Dodson Law”? A．B． C． 5．What’s the best title for this passage? A．A Comfort Zone Makes Us Safe B．Step Outside a Comfort Zone C．Never Fear a Comfort Zone 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述走出舒适区的益处与注意事项。 【详解】1．根据第一段中的“A comfort zone is a place, situation or level where there is the least stress.”可知，舒适区是压力最小的地方、处境或水平。 2．根据第三段的标题“Taking risks helps us grow”以及该段中的“As children, we naturally like to take risks…We lose a lot because we’re afraid of failure. But you can’t learn anything without having problems.”可知，第三段主旨为冒险助力成长，害怕失败不利于成长。 3．根据第四段中的“A study found that learning new life skills can help our brain stay smart as we get older.”可知，学习新生活技能让大脑保持灵敏。 4．根据最后一段中的“It means performance increases as stress grows, but only up to a point. If the level of stress becomes too high, performance will go down.”可知，压力上升，表现上升，压力过高，表现下降，对应先升后降的抛物线图A。 5．根据第一段中的“However, stepping into the learning zone can help us achieve our best. Here are the reasons.”可知，文章主要介绍了走出舒适区的好处，尾段补充了注意事项，因此全文中心是“呼吁走出舒适区”。 Passage 3 （2026·山西长治·二模）请阅读下面语篇，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 All aboard! Let’s take a ride on the world’s highest railway—the Qinghai-Tibet Railway (青藏铁路). Sit back and enjoy the journey. Get ready for the trip of a lifetime. We’re leaving Qinghai Station. The scenery (风景) along the way is among the wildest across China. Keep your eyes open as we race through this beautiful land. Before we begin our journey, let’s learn about this amazing railway. It's truly one of the great engineering wonders of the 21st century. When it was completed on July 1, 2006, the Tibet Railway set nine world records. As we travel higher, the air gets thinner and thinner. Soon there will only be 50 to 60 percent of the oxygen (氧气) we are used to breathing. But there is no need to worry. Each rail car has two separate oxygen systems. One system fills the train with oxygen at all times. And each passenger can also get a personal oxygen mask just like those used on planes. Here are a few more things to think about as our train leaves the station. The designers solved three main challenges when building this great railway. First, the high altitude (海拔) made the task difficult because there was not enough oxygen. Second, much of the railway runs across permafrost (冻土). Finally, the railway goes through some of the most important ecological areas in China. Great care was taken to minimize (减少到最低程度) its influence on nature. All three challenges were met, making our trip possible. All aboard! The train to Tibet is leaving in fifteen minutes. 1．Who is the writer of this passage most likely to be? A．An engineer. B．A guide. C．A driver. 2．What is special about the Qinghai-Tibet Railway? A．It is the world’s highest railway. B．It was built by the most engineers. C．It passes through areas with many wild animals. 3．Why can passengers still breathe normally on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway train? A．Because the train runs at a very low speed. B．Because the train has special oxygen systems. C．Because the train makes frequent stops for passengers to rest. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the passage about the designers of the railway? A．They built the railway only in one year. B．They thought about passengers’ safety the most. C．They cared a lot about environmental protection. 5．What is the best title of the passage? A．An Amazing Engineering Wonder B．A Railway with the Most Beautiful Scenery C．A Railway Connecting China to the World 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文以导游的口吻介绍了青藏铁路，讲述了它作为世界最高铁路的地位、乘车体验、建设过程中克服的三大挑战以及环保措施，展现了这一21世纪伟大的工程奇迹。 【详解】1．第一段“All aboard! Let’s take a ride on the world’s highest railway”和最后一段“The train to Tibet is leaving in fifteen minutes”的表述，符合导游引导乘客的口吻。 2．第一段明确指出青藏铁路是“the world’s highest railway”，这是它的核心特殊之处。 3．第四段说明“Each rail car has two separate oxygen systems”，这是乘客能在高原列车上正常呼吸的原因。 4．第五段提到“Great care was taken to minimize its influence on nature”，说明铁路设计者非常重视环境保护。 5．第三段称青藏铁路是“one of the great engineering wonders of the 21st century”，全文围绕这一工程奇迹展开介绍， 故最佳标题为“An Amazing Engineering Wonder”。 主题05 其他 Passage 1 （2026·贵州遵义·二模）Have you ever written letters? Letter writing is a traditional way to make friends who live far away feel closer. Letters can cross time and space. They build up a relationship that’s hard to find in today’s digital world. On 8 September, 2024, Jin Xiaoyu held a book sharing event for The Letters of Walter Benjamin. The book has over 300 letters from Walter Benjamin, a famous writer from Germany. These letters show deep friendship between Benjamin and his friends. The Letters of Walter Benjamin reminds us of the importance of keeping in touch with others through letters. In the past, sending or receiving letters by horse or by bird was usual. However, this form of communication seems less common today. Now children can hardly enjoy this kind of joy. A group named ReachOut provided teenagers with chances to write letters about their feelings and experiences. Linda Williams, a worker of ReachOut, said, “Letter writing can help us express feelings. And it also helps us keep in touch with others.” Dr Maria Nicholas from Deakin University said, “Handwriting is still an important part of the school course. It is good for children’s learning, reading and memory.” Also, she advised children to write letters to friends, family, or their favorite writers. The experiences are useful for children. They make children express their feelings more often through writing. All in all, letter writing is a special way to connect with others and express ourselves. It’s a tradition worth continuing, especially for young people. As Dr Nicholas said, letter writing in schools is good for children’s learning. Let’s encourage children to experience the joy of writing letters. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By showing a fact. 2．Which of the following would Linda Williams most probably agree with? A．Letter writing is bad for friendship. B．People can communicate by writing letters. C．Letter writing can help children improve speaking skills. 3．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Handwriting. B．A letter. C．The school course. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．A Book Sharing Event. B．The History of Writing Letters. C．The Importance of Letter Writing. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了书信是维系人际联结的传统方式，如今虽不再普遍，但对情感表达、人际沟通及孩子的学习成长仍有重要价值，值得被传承。 【详解】1．根据文章第一段第一句“Have you ever written letters?”可知，作者是通过提出一个问题来开始文章的。 2．根据第二段中Linda Williams说的话“And it also helps us keep in touch with others.”可知，她认为写信可以帮助人们与他人保持联系，即通过写信进行沟通。 3．根据前一句“Handwriting is still an important part of the school course.”以及后一句“It is good for children’s learning…”可知，划线词It指代的是前句的主语Handwriting。 4．通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了写信的好处，如建立关系、表达情感、促进学习等，并鼓励孩子们体验写信的乐趣，选项C“写信的重要性”适合作为本文的标题。 Passage 2 （2026·贵州遵义·二模）Generative (生成式) AI is a big hit right now. “Students need to learn about AI’s value, ethics (伦理) and how to use it properly,” said Gong Yuanli, a teacher of the information technology department at Beijing No. 8 High School. This semester, more than 1,400 primary and secondary schools in Beijing started a new course called AI literacy (人工智能通识课). Students will take at least eight AI lessons each year, Beijing Daily said. At Beijing No. 8 High School, 7th graders have classes such as introduction to AI and AI’s social responsibility. Eighth graders go to lectures, visit AI companies and take courses like AI+ math to see how AI connects with other subjects. Ninth graders explore topics such as career choices in the AI era to help them plan for the future. In one AI class, 8th grader Yan Xia created an English learning game. On the screen, players catch clownfish and must spell words correctly. “I used AI to design the fish, the boat, all the words and even the game code,” Yan explained. “If I had done it by myself, coding and making the pictures would have taken a long time. Thanks to AI, I had more time and energy to improve the game.” 9th grader Shi Qixin found that creating better orders helped her think and share her ideas more clearly. “The class changed how I study and made me a better problem solver.” AI literacy courses bring great benefits to students’ learning and growth and have opened up a new world of learning for students and shown remarkable educational value, yet they have also caused some worries in society. 1．What does the underlined word it in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．AI’s ethics. B．AI’s value. C．Generative AI. 2．What can we learn from the text? A．Students take fewer than eight AI lessons every year. B．Ninth graders study AI-era career choices for their future. C．Over 1,400 universities in Beijing started AI literacy this term. 3．Which saying best shows students’ view towards AI literacy courses according to Para 4? A．Never too old to learn. B．Practice makes perfect. C．Good tools make good work. 4．What will the writer probably talk about next? A．Ways to create different online games. B．Disadvantages and worries of AI courses. C．The history of AI technology development. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了北京中小学开设人工智能通识课的情况，包括课程设置、不同年级的学习内容、学生的学习体验，以及课程带来的积极影响和引发的社会担忧。 【详解】1．根据第一段“Students need to learn about AI’s value, ethics and how to use it properly”，这里的“it”指代前文提到的“Generative AI”。 2．根据第三段“Ninth graders explore topics such as career choices in the AI era to help them plan for the future”，可知九年级学生学习AI时代的职业选择，以此为未来做规划。 3．根据第四段学生的反馈，AI作为工具帮助他们节省时间、提升效率，对应谚语“Good tools make good work”（工欲善其事，必先利其器），因此可得出答案。 4．文章最后一段提到“yet they have also caused some worries in society”，由此可推断下文会继续介绍AI通识课的弊端和引发的担忧。 Passage 3 （2026·贵州贵阳·二模）In many ways, artificial intelligence (AI) makes our lives easier. Among various AI tools, chatbots like ChatGPT stand out, they can understand what we say and find information quickly. This human-like quality is increasingly attracting people, some of whom are even starting to treat AI as friends. According to a news report, a growing number of people are turning to AI as friends, especially among teenagers. They ask AI for help with questions that they would usually talk about with their real friends. These AI tools can have different traits (特征) and personalities. Many teenagers think talking with AI is as good as or better than talking with real friends. “AI is always available. It never gets tired of me, and it never judges (评判) me,” said an 18-year-old teen Kayla. “When I talk to it, I always feel relaxed.” But there are problems. On the one hand, AI friends are convenient: they are free and are made just for you, so you don’t need to worry about being turned down. On the other hand, relying too much on AI can make teenagers feel more lonely. It also becomes harder for them to make real friends, as meeting people can feel challenging. What’s more, if teenagers only talk to AI, they won’t learn to understand others. Therefore, while AI can be a helpful tool in our daily lives, it is very important for teenagers to recognize both its benefits and risks. Learning to use AI wisely is the key to balancing technology and healthy growth. 1．What makes AI tools increasingly attractive to people? A．Their problem-solving ability. B．Their user-friendly character. C．Their human-like quality. 2．What does Kayla mean by saying “AI is always available.”? A．AI can help her solve all problems. B．AI can talk to her at any time. C．AI can do many things for free. 3．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．AI tools. B．Teenagers. C．Technologies. 4．What is the writer’s main idea about teenagers treating AI as friends? A．It is a perfect solution for lonely teenagers. B．It requires careful management and balance. C．It is a dangerous trend that should be stopped. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了人工智能（尤其是聊天机器人）因类人特质吸引人，许多青少年将其当作朋友，因其随时可用、不评判。但过度依赖AI会导致孤独、难以交真实朋友，也无法学习理解他人。 【详解】1．根据第一段最后一句“This human-like quality is increasingly attracting people.”可知，吸引人们的是AI的类人品质。 2．根据第二段中Kayla所说的“It never gets tired of me, and it never judges me.”可知，这里的available指的是AI永远不会对我感到厌倦，也永远不会评判我。 3．根据第三段上文“relying too much on AI can make teenagers feel more lonely”可知，下句中的them指代的是前文提到的主体teenagers（青少年）。 4．根据最后一段作者的观点“recognize both its benefits and risks”以及“Learning to use AI wisely is the key to balancing technology and healthy growth”可知，作者认为需要明智管理并保持平衡，既不是完美的解决方案，也不是要完全禁止。 Passage 4 （2026·贵州遵义·二模）“Volunteering makes you look at the world differently. You see how little things can change a person’s life for the better,” said Mason, a volunteer. What makes people volunteer? Some volunteer to improve themselves. Others hope to make new friends. Among these reasons, helping others is the most popular. Making the decision to take the first step can be difficult, because people often wonder if they will be able to meet the organization’s expectations. Some people are afraid of knowing nobody in the group. Not having enough time, the cost of traveling and training or being short of experience may also prevent someone from showing their abilities. Here are some suggestions that can help you if you have some of these worries. ◆Start out slowly. Even a few hours a month can make a difference in someone’s life. ◆Choose an organization with the same interests. ◆Work with an experienced volunteer, which can help you understand the organization’s expectations. ◆Invite a friend or a family member to join you so that you won’t be alone. Spend some time on volunteer work and you will see great changes in people’s lives, as Mason discovered during his volunteer experience. Little things can change a person’s life for the better. 1．What makes people volunteer the most? A．To improve themselves. B．To make friends. C．To help others. 2．What is the order of people’s difficulties from the most to the least according to the chart? A．③②①⑤④ B．③②⑤①④ C．③①⑤②④ 3．What is the advice for volunteers who don’t have enough time? A．Start out slowly. B．Invite a friend to join you. C．Work with an experienced volunteer. 4．Why does the writer take Mason as an example? A．To show what difficulty volunteers can meet. B．To encourage people to join in volunteering. C．To tell the ways people can choose to volunteer. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了人们参与志愿服务的常见原因、面临的困难，并针对这些困难给出了相应的建议，旨在鼓励更多人参与志愿服务。 【详解】1．文章第2段“Among these reasons, helping others is the most popular.”表明人们参与志愿服务最主要的原因是帮助他人。 2．文中的柱状图“What difficulties do you have in volunteering?”对应的困难数值从高到低依次为：③Don’t have enough time、②Cannot meet the expectations、 ⑤Don’t have enough experience、①Fear knowing no one、 ④The cost。对应选项B。 3．文章“Start out slowly. Even a few hours a month can make a difference in someone’s life.”表明这是针对“没有足够时间”的志愿者提出的建议。 4．文章开头和结尾都引用了志愿者Mason的话“Volunteering makes you look at the world differently...Little things can change a person’s life for the better.”，通过分享Mason的真实感受，强调志愿服务的意义，目的是鼓励更多人参与志愿服务。 Passage 5 （2026·贵州遵义·二模） You may notice that horses appear in many Chinese idioms (习语). These horse-related sayings help us know about Chinese culture and ancient wisdom. “A horse that covers a thousand miles” is perhaps the most famous horse idiom. It describes someone with great talent or ability. Chinese parents often use this phrase to encourage their children, hoping they will become “thousand-mile horses” who achieve great things. “A swift horse needs a good rider” tells us more about this idea. Although talented people (“swift horses”) may be common, good leaders (“good riders”) who can recognize talent are rare (稀少的). This saying reminds us that having talent is not enough—you need someone who believes in you and gives you chances. “Ride a horse while looking for a better one” describes someone who keeps looking for better chances while still doing their own work well. Chinese people use this idiom to describe hard-working people who never stop improving themselves. “An old horse knows the way” tells us experience makes us wise. Just as an old horse remembers the safest roads through mountains, experienced (有经验的) people can guide others to get through difficult situations. This idiom shows that Chinese people respect old people and their experience. “A painted horse won’t run” tells us not to care only about looks. No matter how beautifully you paint a horse, it will never run fast. Similarly, nice promises without real action are useless. This idiom teaches Chinese people to value real results more than empty words. 1．Who often uses “a thousand-mile horse” to encourage children? A．Talented people. B．Chinese parents. C．Good leaders. 2．What’s the Chinese meaning of “Ride a horse while looking for a better one”? A．骑驴找马 B．马到成功 C．老马识途 3．How does the writer organize the passage? A．By telling a story about horses in ancient China. B．By introducing horse idioms and explaining them. C．By comparing Chinese idioms with Western sayings. 4．Which is the correct structure of the text? (①= paragraph 1) A．①/②/③④/⑤⑥ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥ C．①/②③④⑤⑥ 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个和马相关的汉语习语，解释其含义与寓意，展现中国文化与古人智慧。 1．第二段“Chinese parents often use this phrase to encourage their children”可知中国父母用来鼓励孩子。 2．第四段对习语作了解释“describes someone who keeps looking for better chances while still doing their own work well.”，对应“骑驴找马”。 3．文章开篇指出马出现在许多中文习语中，这些习语有助于了解中国文化和古代智慧，接着分别介绍了“A horse that covers a thousand miles”“A swift horse needs a good rider”“Ride a horse while looking for a better one”“An old horse knows the way”“A painted horse won’t run”这些与马有关的习语并解释其含义，所以作者是通过介绍马相关的习语并解释它们来组织文章的。 4．第一段总述马出现在许多中文习语中，这些习语有助于了解中国文化和古代智慧；第二段到第六段分别介绍了不同的与马有关的习语及其含义，是分述内容。所以文章结构是①/②③④⑤⑥。 Passage 6 （2026·山西晋城·二模） Have you heard of the “giant panda of the water”? It’s the Yangtze finless porpoise (江豚), a national first-class protected animal found only in the Yangtze River. Sadly, its population dropped from about 2,700 in the early 1990s to around 1,012 by 2017. One reason is the increase in boat traffic, which has led to more noise and pollution in the river. To protect the river and its wildlife, the government has come up with some new ideas. One is the river and lake chief system (河湖长制). Under this system, the river chiefs (河长) are responsible for protecting rivers and lakes. The river chiefs do their routine tasks along the river to make sure there is no illegal (不合法的) pollution, and there are no floating objects. Besides, they also help deal with wastewater and protect riverbanks. Hunan Province has also set up the “12314” hotline so that people can report problems. Since Jan 1, 2021, a 10-year fishing ban (禁渔令) has also been in place. It stops people from fishing for sale in the Yangtze River. In July 2024, for example, three people were fined (罚款) 9,900 yuan for catching 40 kilograms of fish in a no-fishing area. This ban is important because too much fishing has left the Yangtze finless porpoises with less food and has caused some to get caught in fishing nets. Thanks to these efforts, the number of Yangtze finless porpoises stopped falling and rose for the first time in 2022, reaching 1249, then went on rising to 1,426 in 2026. Other important animals are also coming back. And scientists found some more native fish species in the Yangtze River. 1．How many finless porpoises were there in the Yangtze River in 2017? A．About 2700. B．About 1012. C．About 1426. 2．What do the river chiefs do? A．They check for possible problems along the river. B．They set up hotlines for people to report problems. C．They solve the problem of increasingly busy traffic. 3．Which can best explain the underlined words “floating objects”? A．Things moving on the river. B．Boats travelling on the river. C．Animals playing in the river. 4．Why is the example in Paragraph 4 mentioned? A．To show why fishing is of less importance. B．To show people in this area live by fishing. C．To show the fishing ban is carried out strictly. 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．Exploring the Yangtze River is a meaningful task. B．The government’s work on saving wildlife has paid off. C．Everyone should be responsible for environmental protection. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了长江江豚数量因航运和过度捕捞而下降，政府通过河湖长制和十年禁渔令等措施有效保护了江豚。 【详解】1．根据第1段中“Sadly, its population dropped from about 2,700 in the early 1990s to around 1,012 by 2017.”可知，2017 年江豚数量约为1012只。 2．根据第3段中“The river chiefs do their routine tasks along the river to make sure there is no illegal pollution, and there are no floating objects. Besides, they also help deal with wastewater and protect riverbanks.”可知，河长的工作是沿河巡查，排查各类问题，对应选项A。 3．根据第3段语境，河长巡查是为了确保河道无非法污染、无漂浮物，因此“floating objects”指的是河面上漂浮的各类杂物、垃圾等，对应选项A“Things moving on the river”。 4．第4段提到“three people were fined 9,900 yuan for catching 40 kilograms of fish in a no-fishing area.” 2024年7月有3人因在禁渔区捕鱼被罚款，该例子是为了说明禁渔令的执行十分严格，对应选项C。 5．根据最后一段中“Thanks to these efforts, the number of Yangtze finless porpoises stopped falling and rose for the first time in 2022...Other important animals are also coming back.”可知，政府的保护措施取得了成效，江豚数量回升，对应选项B。 Passage 7 （2026·四川成都·二模）Dear Diary, Can you guess where I am? I’m in China’s Tiangong Space Station, about 400 kilometers above Earth! I’m not alone, though. I share my tiny “apartment” with two males and another female. Six Chinese astronauts take turns caring for us. Three of them—Zhang Lu, Wu Fei and Zhang Hongzhang—came up with us. Last night, we excitedly boarded the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft. The trip took just a little over three hours, and it was surprisingly smooth. As far as I know, this is already China’s 16th crewed spaceflight. However, for us mice, it’s a whole new world! The astronauts taught me some scientific knowledge here. That’s so amazing! In the 1,600s, Isaac Newton discovered that gravity (重力) depends on mass (质量) and distance. Bigger objects, like the sun, pull harder, and the further the object is from Earth, the less is the pull of gravity. However, the mass of an object remains the same. Also, the gravitational potential energy (重力势能) of an object depends on its mass and its height from the ground. When two objects have the same mass, the object that is at a greater height has more gravitational potential energy. However, if the two objects are at the same height, the object with a greater mass has more gravitational potential energy. Now, I’m aboard Tiangong. I plan to make every minute count. We’ll stay here for about a week. After that, we’ll fly back to Earth. Scientists will then study how our bodies may have changed. 1．When did the mice board the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft? A．On October 31st. B．On November 2nd. C．On November 8th. 2．What’s the topic of Paragraphs 1 and 2? A．My task after boarding the space station. B．My first trip experience in the space station. C．My imagination about living in the space station. 3．We do the experiment in such conditions: ①Ball A and Ball B are identical (完全一样); ②Ball B is at a greater height; ③The two ramps and the ground are equally (同样) smooth. The result: D1<D2. Why? A．Because Ball B has a greater mass. B．Because Ball A is heavier to stop it from moving. C．Because Ball B has more gravitational potential energy to make it move farther. 4．How does the mouse feel when it says “I plan to make every minute count”? A．“I’ll fall in love with counting time. It’s interesting.” B．“Every minute and second is important. I will value it.” C．“I can count. I know there are sixty minutes in an hour.” 5．Which part of a magazine may the text be taken from? A．Culture and tradition. B．Science and technology. C．Hobby and habit. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文以太空老鼠日记的视角，讲述了老鼠搭乘神舟二十一号飞船进驻中国天宫空间站的经历，还介绍了重力、重力势能相关科学知识以及后续科研安排。 1．图片中的信息“Saturday 1 November”、“2nd night in the space station”表明，11月1日是小鼠在空间站的第二晚，所以它是10月31日登上飞船的。 2．第一段的“I’m in China’s Tiangong Space Station”和第二段的“Last night, we excitedly boarded the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft.”表明这两段主要介绍了小鼠搭乘神舟二十一号飞船进入中国天宫空间站的经历：它们与三名宇航员同行，飞行约三小时，首次体验太空环境。 3．第三段“When two objects have the same mass, the object that is at a greater height has more gravitational potential energy.”对于重力势能的介绍表明，两个球质量相同时，高度更高的球重力势能更大，球B的高度更高，有更多的重力势能可以使它移动得更远。 4．第四段“Now, I’m aboard Tiangong. I plan to make every minute count. We’ll stay here for about a week.”表明小鼠第一次登上空间站，所有东西对它来说都是新奇的，所以它的意思应是每一秒钟都很重要，应该珍惜。 5．通读全文，文章围绕天宫空间站、航天飞船、太空科学实验、物理知识展开，属于科学技术范畴。 Passage 8 （2026·四川成都·二模）Rainforests are home to many kinds of plants, birds and animals. Can you believe that a small group of bushes in the Amazon may have more types of ants than all of Britain? About 480 kinds of trees can be found in just 10,000 square meters of rainforest. Rainforests are the “lungs of the Earth”. They breathe in CO2 and breathe out O2 for all living things. They have their own ways to stay alive—tall trees form a top layer of leaves and branches, protecting themselves, small plants and animals from heavy rain, strong heat and strong winds. Surprisingly, the trees grow in a special way. Although their leaves and branches are close to each other, they never really touch those of other trees. Scientists think this can help stop tree illnesses from spreading and make it difficult for leaf-eating insects to live. To live in the forest, animals have to climb, jump or fly across these spaces. Different from what we see in films, the ground of the rainforest is not full of thick leaves and bushes. It is quite clear. Dead leaves turn into food for trees and other living things there. Rainforests can make 75% of their own rain. Every year, the rain is usually about 2032 mm, and in some places, it can be as much as 10922 mm. Such heavy rain can make small rivers rise about 3 to 6 meters in only two hours. The wet air in rainforests also helps make rain clouds for other countries that need rain. 1．Why are rainforests called the “lungs of the Earth”? A．Because they have many tall trees. B．Because they give homes to many animals. C．Because they take in CO2 and make O2 for the world. 2．How does the top layer of tall trees help the rainforest? A．It stops trees from touching each other. B．It protects living things there from bad weather. C．It provides enough living space for leaf-eating insects. 3．Why don’t the branches and leaves of different trees touch each other? A．To help animals jump across the spaces. B．To make leaf-eating insects live more easily. C．To help stop tree illnesses and harmful insects. 4．What can we learn about rainforests in the last paragraph? A．They need much rain from other places. B．The wet air from them helps other countries. C．Heavy rain in rainforests is bad for small rivers. 5．Which part of the newspaper is this text taken from? A．Nature. B．Life. C．Science. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇关于雨林的科普说明文。文章主要介绍了雨林中丰富的生物多样性、它们作为“地球之肺”的重要作用、树木独特的生长方式、雨林地面的真实状况，以及雨林对全球降雨和气候的调节功能。 1．根据第二段中“Rainforests are the ‘lungs of the Earth’. They breathe in CO2 and breathe out O2 for all living things.”可知，雨林被称为地球之肺是因为它们能吸收二氧化碳并制造氧气。 2．根据第二段中“tall trees form a top layer of leaves and branches, protecting themselves, small plants and animals from heavy rain, strong heat and strong winds.”可知，顶层的树木枝叶可以保护那里的生物免受恶劣天气的伤害。 3．根据第三段中“Scientists think this can help stop tree illnesses from spreading and make it difficult for leaf-eating insects to live.”可知，不同树木的枝叶互不触碰是为了防止疾病传播和抵御害虫。 4．根据最后一段中“The wet air in rainforests also helps make rain clouds for other countries that need rain.”可知，雨林产生的湿润空气还能为那些需要降雨的其他国家形成雨云。 5．通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了雨林的自然环境、生态系统以及其对地球气候的影响，属于自然科学的范畴。因此，这篇文章最可能出现在报纸的“自然（Nature）”版块。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $