专题07 非谓语动词专题-备战高考英语语法冲刺宝典

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦非谓语动词核心考点，系统梳理不定式、动名词、分词的句法功能及时态语态变化，结合高考真题按句子成分（主语、宾语、定语等）分类讲解。通过课前检测诊断学情，课中考点梳理与解题方法指导（逻辑主语分析、主被动判断等），配合分层训练，帮助学生构建知识网络，突破语法难点。 资料以“思维品质”和“语言能力”培养为核心，创新设计“非谓语解题四步法”教学活动，引导学生通过判断逻辑主语、分析主被动关系、确定动作时间精准解题。融入近5年高考真题实例，设置基础、巩固、拔高三级练习，确保学生高效掌握考点，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支持。

专题 07 非谓语动词专题--备战2027年高考英语一轮语法冲刺宝典 非谓语动词 这一章我们讲解英语中很重要的动词变化形式----三种非谓语动词形式，即动词不定式(to do),动名词(doing)和两种分词(现在分词doing和过去分词done)。他们的作用和特点简介如下: 不定式，即“不一定是什么词性的成分”，可当作名词，形容词，和副词来使用，因此，不定式在句中能够充当除了谓语以外的任何其他成分。 动名词，相当于名词。因此，在句中主要充当:主语、宾语和表语 分词，相当于形容词和副词。因此，在句中主要充当:定语、状语和补足语，非谓语动词作句中成分是他们非动词特征的体现，这是我们的学习的重点。 非谓语动词作为动词的一种变化形式，仍保留有动词的特征，比如有自己的主语，有时态和语态的变化.因此，掌握非谓语动词的三个重点是:句子成分，时态和语态的变化，逻辑主语。 【课前检测】（8mins) 1．Many bad habits can be especially difficult to cure because they are likely ________at a very young age.(form). 2．The project, led by Koichi Takada Architects, is a mixed-use development (intend) to serve as a gateway to the new Shanghai Tian An Caobao Road Area Residential Masterplan. 3．This practice not only shows cooking skills but also stresses the collective aspect of dining, as many people share from a single noodle, (strengthen) social bonds. 4．Their round form is believed (promote) equality, reducing distinctions among diners. 5．Bert draws inspiration from the Terracotta Warriors of China, which were an ancient army (bury) underground for thousands of years.   6．Yang tackled the challenge (pose) by traditional paper’s tendency to be affected by humidity and fading.   7．Day by day, her coworkers, (shock) by Thunder’s rapid recovery, fell silent. 8．Waving a pole that she had placed inside her home before, the stranger was like putting on a pole (dance) show. 9．My smartphone handles everything — from scanning QR codes at street markets to sharing restaurant bills, even (pay) rent. 10． (ensure) safety during the journey, specially designed equipment will be used for separate pet transport. 11．AI companionship has emerged as a growing trend, with companies racing to develop products (range) from chatbots to wearable devices. 12．They demanded a highly aesthetic space, (decorate) with fine stationery, so that they could be isolated from disturbing affairs. 13．This thrilling experience can be yours through bodyboarding, sometimes (call) boogie boarding, which uses a short, soft board to catch the waves. 14．Secondly, stop (try) to manage your anger. 15． (ease) his pain, she reached for a small jar containing a thick paste — a mixture made from Angelica sinensis. 课中讲解 一、定义 不充当句中谓语的动词叫作非谓语动词。它们不受主语限制，无时态与语态变化，又称非限定动词。 二、形式 1.动词不定式(to do sth.) 2.动名词(v.-ing) 现在分词(v.-ing) 3.分词{ 过去分词(-ed或不规则变化) 考点一： 不定式 1.不定式的结构 动词不定式:to+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。否定式:not+to do, 非谓语 主动 被动 谓语先后 to do 表将来 表目的 一般 to do to be done 后 进行 to be doing / 同时 完成 to have done to have been done 先 完成进行 to have been doing / 后 We plan to go to the cinema this afternoon. I want the house to be repaired. He pretend to be doing his homework. I regretted to have told a lie The little girl seems to have been watching TV all this evening 2.不定式的句法功能: (1)作主语: To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard 往往用it作形式主语，而把真正主语---动词不定式置于句末。常用句式: ①It is(not)+adj.+(for/of sb.)to do sth.. To do the work is not easy for him. =It is not easy for him to do the work.做这项工作对他而言并非易事。 ②It+be+名词+to do.~ 如; It is not a good habit to stay up too late. ③ It takes sb+some time + to do. 如：It takes him two hours to study 1（全国甲卷）It is possible __________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 2.（北京卷）It takes them hundreds of years __________ (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. (2).作表语 往往置于连系动词be,seem等之后。 My dream is to work as an astronaut.我的梦想是当一名宇航员。 (3) 作宾语:常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有: want, hope,wish, offer, fail. plan, lcarn. pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer.如: You promised to do something good with it. 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语，则用 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语(不定式)后置，放在宾语补足语后面。如: Marx found it important to study the situation int Russia.马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语。如: I have no choice but to stay here. 动词不定式前有时可与疑问调连用。如: He gave us some advice on how to lean English. 1.（新高考I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 2.（新高考I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 3.（新高考II卷）He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know __________to thank him.” 4.（浙江1月卷）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans __________ (continue) the practice. 5（全国乙卷）Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim __________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment. (4)作宾语补足语: 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，用不定式作补语的动词及动词词组有 advise,allow,ask, beg , cause , encourage , expect , forbid , force , get , intend , invite, like , love , order , persuade , prefer , remind , require , teach , tell, want , warn , wish, wait for,call on,depend on 等。 You are not allowed to smoke here.这里不允许吸烟。 The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.医生告诫他不要吃太多的肉。 注意：下列动词(词组)在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但在被动语态中要加上to: 它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”--5 看( look at,see,watch, notice,observe);3使( make,let,have);2听( listen to,hear);1感觉(feel)。 Someone was heard to come up the stairs. I saw her cross the road. 1.（浙江卷）Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do). 2.（浙江1月卷）Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was 30; today it is 41 and is expected __________ (increase)to 42 by 2050. (5)作定语: ①动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系:动宾关系:I have a meeting to attend. 注意，不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词.如 He found a good house to live in.. ②如果不定式修饰time, place, way、可以省略介词: He has no place to live. ③如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式 Have you got anything to send? 你要送什么东西吗? Have you got anything to be sent? 你有什么东西需要送吗? 说明所修饰名词的内容:We have made a plan to finish the work. 当名词被序数词或 the only, the next, the last, the right修饰,且该名词是作定语的非谓语动词动作的执行者时,用不定式的主动形式作定语。 She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。 He was the only one to survive the plane crash.他是这次飞机失事中唯一的幸存者。 【过关检测】单句填空 1.They made a decision_______( put) off the meeting until next week. 2.There is no need _________( build) a dam across the small river. 3.Her eagerness_________ ( work) will please the boss. 4.I want to buy a brush to paint________. 5（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step __________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 6.（2022北京卷）As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention __________ (harm) her, Helen started to run. 7.（北京卷）Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need 20 (invest) in disaster prevention. 8. (全国II)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans __________(retire) from her 36-year-old business. (6)做状语 1）To keep healthy, you should take more exercise regularly.为了保持健康，你应该有规律地多锻炼身体。(目的状语) 2）Kate is old enough to go to school.凯特已经够上学的年龄了。(结果状语) 3）I'm sorry to hear that.听说这件事我很难过(遗憾)。(原因状语) 【过关检测】 1.（2024九省联考卷）He knows that computers are here (stay) and that they will not disappear. 2.（2024浙江1月卷）The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 3.（2023全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 4.（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority __________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 5.（2022新高考II卷）Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up __________ (see) them. 6.（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 7.（2021新高考II卷）I decided to do something __________ (educate) people about this problem. 8.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over __________ (plant) flowers in the front yard. 9.（2020全国I卷）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66 __________ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. 10.（2020全国III卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out __________ (find) the well-known painter. 11.(2020·浙江卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology __________ (change)lives. 4）.构成"Sth.+be+形容词+不定式"结构(其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义) 此类形容词常见的有:easy, hard, difficult,pleasant, good, fit, comfortable 等。 This book is difficult to understand.这本书很难懂。 注意 在only too...to...结构中,too...to...不是“太......而不能......”之意，而是“非常......”,相当于"very...to...”。与only too...to...搭配的形容词常见的有 pleased, ready , willing,glad, happy 等。 I'm only too glad to have passed the exam.( =I'm very glad to have passed the exam.)考试及格了,我非常高兴。 【过关检测】 (3mins) 单旬填空 1.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely _______( bring) your work home. 2. For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something______(eat)! 3.Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees ________(sell) the wood. 4.Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ______(improve)water quality. 5.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ______(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged. 6.Once his message was delivered.He allowed me ______(stay) and watch 动名词 1. 动名词的结构 一般式：doing 否定式：not+ doing 被动式：being +done 完成式：having done 被动式：having been done Eg: Seeing is believing. I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday. He came to the party without being invited. We remembered having seen the film. He prided himself on having never been beaten in chess. 2、 动名词的句法功能: (1) 作主语：Drinking hot water is good for health. 动名词做主语常用作it形式主语 It is no use arguing with him. (2) 作宾语：常接动名词作宾语的动词口诀： 建议 suggest /advise 考虑 consider 保持 keep 练 practise 允许 permit/allow 想象 imagine 否 deny 冒险 risk 阻止 prevent 错过 miss 完 finish 避开 avoid/escape 介意 mind 抵制 resist 承 admit 喜欢 enjoy I often practise listening and speaking. 我经常练习听和说。 Do you mind passing me that dictionary?你介意递给我那本词典吗? 后接动词-ing 作宾语的动词短语 此类短语有很多,如:feel like(想).can't help(忍不住).give up(放弃).put off( 推迟),insist on(坚持)等 When he doesn't feel like talking,we just let him be.他不想说话时,我们就任其自便吧 She couldn't help crying when she heard the news. 听到那则消息她忍不住哭起来。 (3) 作定语：Is there a swimming pool in our school. 〖过关检测〗 单句语法填空 1.They represent the earth_________(come)back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 2.They are easy__________(care) for and make great presents. 3.The dancer's incredible performance had the audience on its feet______(clap) for 10 minutes at the end of the show. 4.[ On the last day of our week-long stay , we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,__________(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 5.________(learn)to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. 6.You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of_______( die) early by running. 7 I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not ___________(stay) out with my friends too late. 8.After ___________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! 9.Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:•Minimize the impact of ___________ (visit) the place. 10.If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. 11.Scientists have responded by ___________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements. 12.You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___________(die) early by running. 13.By (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 分词 主动含义 被动含义 一般动作 doing done 进行动作 doing being done 完成动作 having done having been done 现在分词 1、现在分词的形式:doing 否定式:not+ 现在分词 (1)现在分调的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语、 Having done his homework, he played basketball. (2)现在分词的被动语态，一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作，如 The problem being discussed is very important 2、现在分词的句法功能: (1)作定语:现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前，如果是分面短语做定语放在名词后， 如 In the following years he worked even harder. The girl standing under the tree is my sister. 注:现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能。如 the man speaking to the teacher 可改为 the man who is speaking to the teacher( (2)作表语: 如: The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. be+doing 既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，区别在于前者表示动作的进行，而后者是系表结构。 (3)作宾语补足语:如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语: see,watch,hear,feel,find get, keep,notice,observe, listen to, look alt,leave,catch等，如 He kept the car waiting at the gate (4)作状语: 1)作时间状语: (While) Working in the factory. he was an advanced worker . 2)作原因状语: Being a League member, he is always helping others . 3)作伴随状语: He stayed at home, cleaning and washing . 4)作条件状语: (1f) Playing all day.you will waste your valuable time 5)作结果状语: He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces 【过关检测】(3mins) 1.“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 2. (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 3. ___________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 4.Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on seat 20, ___________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 5.To strengthen the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 6.I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ___________ (think)it is food. 7.From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, ___________ (result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss. 8.On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, __________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 9.Nervously __________ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”. 10.China’s approach to protecting its environment while ________(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. 11.They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 40 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 12.When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___________ (fall) child. 13.Blind people recognize shapes with their ___________ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of ___________ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. 14.Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ___________ (ache) legs. 过去分词 过去分词的形式: done 否定式:not + 过去分词 过去分词的句法功能 1)作定语:Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 注意:当过去分词是单个词时，一般放名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放名词后，如 He was reading a book _________(write) by Mark Twain. 2)作表语： 过去分词作表语时位于系动词之后，多用于表示主语的状态或状况.所体现的是形容词的特性。 The shops have remained shut for a week.这些商店关门一周了。 特别提醒 过去分词作表语时强调主语所处的状态:动词的被动话态则表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 The cup is broken.杯子破了。(强调杯子“破了"的状态) The cup was broken by Jim.杯子被吉姆打破了。(强调"打破"这一动作) 3） 作状语 其逻辑主语通常就是主句的主语，构成过去分词的动词与主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词（短语)作状语可表示时间，原因、让步、条件，伴随和方式.可转化为相应的状语从句(作方式或伴随状语时除外) Given more time,I’ll catch up with you.----If 1 am given more time,I’ll catch up with you.如果多给我一些时间，我就能赶上你。(条件) 特别提醒 有些及物动词的-ed 形式形容词化了,并不强调被动意味，主要表示一种状态。 Dressed in white,she suddenly appeared. 她穿着白色的衣服突然出现了。 Lost in thought,he didn't notice us come in. 由于陷入深思，他没注意到我们进来了。 4) 作宾语补足语 I heard the song sung several times last week. 【过关检测】 单句填空 1. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s when I was the first Western TV reporter________ （permit) to film a. special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.2.The adobe dwellings(土坯房)________(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modem of architects and engineers. 非谓语的解题方法 判断是否使用非谓语:两个句子连接必须使用连接词，如果没有连接词，则需要使用非谓语动词。如: He was told many times, but he still couldn't understand it. Having been told many times, he still couldn't understand it. 句 1 因为有连词 but，前后都是独立的句子，所以都有独立的谓语部分 句2 因为没有连词， 所以前半部分不是一个独立的句子，使用非谓语。 找出句子的逻辑主语:非谓语动词虽然不能作谓语，但仍然具有动词特点。其逻辑的动作执行者就是其逻辑主语。 First_______ (introduce ) to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 句中没有连接词，前半句不是独立的句子，并且缺少 introduce 的逻辑主语，于是回到句中，找到逻辑主语为 these products. 判断语态的主被动:在确定逻辑主语之后，需要判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动关系还是被动关系。 Seen from space. the earth looks blue. Seeing from space,we can see the earth is blue. 句1 中的逻辑主语是 the earth 地球，“地球”被“看”，表被动，所以使用 see 的被动形式seen. 句 2 中的逻辑主语是 we 我们，“我们”看“地球”，表主动，所以使用 see 的主动形式seeing 判断非谓语的时间:在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，是进行,完成还是将来， The building________ now will be a restaurant . The building ________next year will be a restaurant. The building________ last year is a restaurant . A. to be built B.being built C.built 句1 中 now 说明大楼正在被建，故用表进行的现在分词 being built。 句 2 中 next year 说明大楼将在明年被建,故用表将来的不定式 to be built.句 3 中last year 说明大楼已被建完，故用表完成的过去分词 built. 【过关检测】 (8mins) 1.Last night, there were millions.of people________( watch) the opening ceremony live on TV. 2.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on_______(thank) all the people who had helped in her career 3.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ______(take) good care of at home。 4.________(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. 5.Like ancient sailors, birds can find their.way_______ (use)the sun and the stars.。 【基础练习】(10mins) 1. The “burnt toast theory” means bad things happen for a reason — they make way for something better (come). 2．A tech company created a screen-free smartphone that allows kids (chat) with loved ones without the distractions of a touchscreen. 3. For Mollie, comics are considered a beautiful art form, (encourage) people to read for pleasure — that’s why they deserve to be taken seriously. 4．The first or last phrase (speak) is memorised better than the conversation as a whole. 5. His design enables smoother movement through water, (reduce) impact on the delicate underwater ecosystems. 6．If you decide to major in a social science, you should expect to conduct your own research and keep yourself (equip) with related information. 7. At the same time, designers are employing programmes (produce) high-performance equipment, which is stretching the capacity of today’s athletes far beyond that of previous generations. 8．Equipment producers are spending increasingly large budgets (develop) state-of-the-art materials in the production of a whole range of sports items. 9. Researchers over the years point to lower stress, (reduce) pain and better blood pressure as a result of being grateful. 10．The gala, widely considered the world’s most-watched television program, featured robots from several companies (perform) everything from kung fu moves to complex gymnastics displays. 11. Using musical heritage as an emotional entry point (combine) with modern tourism brands, it transformed the konghou into a living art form.  12． (originate) in the Shang Dynasty, it has developed various styles across different regions of China. 13．They conclude that people choose to work out, (drive) by the immediate rewards of feeling good and having fun with friends. 14．No longer (limit) to prescriptions taken in times of sickness, it now appears in coffee cups, bread baskets and takeaway drinks, taking on a wholly new look. 15．Water ice is frozen H₂O (find) on moons, planets, comets, and asteroids. 【巩固练习】(15mins) 一、单句语法填空 1． The 2021 list of Best Tourism Villages was released at the 24th General Assembly of the World Tourism Organization, with Yucun (list) among the 44 outstanding villages. 2． The symbolic significance was perfectly shown in the song Ji Liang performed at the Spring Festival Gala of 2026, (win) a great deal of praise from the audience. 3． Everyone is talking freely, (picture) moments of closeness and connection at a round table at the center. 4．China is accelerating efforts to advance its Healthy China Initiative, (aim) to raise the average life expectancy and improve people’s health further during the next five years. 5．It took scholars and experts over two decades (complete) this ambitious project, which involved reproducing the world’s largest ancient encyclopedia. 66．Once (consider) just a children’s toy, this craft has now evolved into a major social currency among teenagers in China. 7． The temple was built during the Northern Wei Dynasty by a monk (name) Liao Ran.   8．TCM practitioners are careful (draw) clear boundaries. 9．Visitors can wear MR headsets, allowing them (act) as virtual archaeologists.   10． (integrate) satellite remote sensing, big data analytics and autonomous agricultural machinery, modern farming systems have greatly boosted the overall competitiveness.  11．The key to these toys lies in the use of “dougong”, a unique bracket system (date) from thousands of years.  12．A small number of nanoparticles could be the (solve) to a problem that has troubled plastics producers for a long time. 13．Wooden signs hang from trees alongside stone paths (lead) to the village. 14． (get) around this, the researchers mixed nanoparticles with several commonly used plastic materials. 15．In China, the sauce is so popular, (give) birth to Lao Gan Ma phone cases, clothing, pencil cases. 二、完成句子 1．Reading a good book is a great __________ (放松方式) after a long day. 2．He decided to __________ (开始从事) photography as a new hobby. 3．Many people work two jobs to __________ (谋生) and support their families. 4．After three days of negotiation, the two leaders decided to ________________ (发表联合声明) on climate change. 5．The careless driver was caught on camera __________ (闯红灯) at a busy intersection, causing a near-miss accident with a pedestrian who was crossing legally. 6．After a long and tiring journey through the mountains, we were relieved to finally __________ (到达目的地) and check into the hotel for a good night’s rest. 7．When the subway train is extremely crowded during rush hour, it is important to __________ (紧握扶手) to avoid falling down when the train starts or stops suddenly. 8．If you want to achieve success, you must learn to __________ (化苦难为动力) and keep pushing forward. 9．Our culture teaches us to ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (尊老爱幼). 10．We should try our best to ________ ________ ________ (传承习俗) to our children. 11．Children love to see colorful ________ ________ (挂灯笼) everywhere. 12．Families sit in the yard to ________ ________ ________ ________ (赏月) after dinner. 13．On the Spring Festival, northerners like to ________ ________ (吃饺子). 14．The lion dance performance aims to ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (辞旧迎新) and bring good luck. 15．Children are excited to ________ ________ ________ (放烟花) with their parents. 【拔高练习】(20mins) A As the countdown to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics continues, the new high-speed railway line 1 （connect）the capital with Olympic host city Zhangjiakou has just entered service. It cuts the travel time 2 the two from three hours to 47 minutes. But this isn’t just another bullet train. This beauty, part of China’s Fuxing series, can run up to 350 kilometers per hour without a driver, 3 （say）to be the world’s first smart high-speed railway. So what makes them “smart”? Well, the carriages 4 （equip）with 5G signals, intelligent lighting and sensors to collect real-time data and detect any operational abnormalities. Meanwhile, each individual seat has 5 （it）own touch-screen control panel and wireless charging docks. Though the high-speed trains on the route are autonomous, 6 monitoring driver will be on board at all times. The trains can 7 （automatic）start, stop and adjust to the different speed 8 （limit）between stations. Back at the station, robots and facial recognition technologies can help passengers with directions, luggage and paperless check-ins. Today, China is home to the world’s largest high-speed rail network, and the 9 （fast）commercially operating train—the Shanghai maglev. According to the China State Railway Group, 1,036 Fuxing bullet trains have been put into operation since 2017, 10 the series were first launched. B November 11, known as “Singles Day”, has grown into China’s and possibly the world’s 1 (busy) online shopping day. Singles Day 2 (create) by Chinese college students in the 1990s as 3 version of Valentine’s Day for people without romantic partners. On that day, unattached young people would treat each other to dinner or give gifts to chase that special someone 4 (end) their single status. That gift-giving helped to turn 5 into a major shopping event as sellers saw a marketing opportunity and launched Singles Day sales. It is China’s 6 (respond) to Cyber Monday in the US, the day after Thanksgiving weekend,   7 online shopping for Christmas begins. Last year, 8 (businessman) on Taobao and Tmall.com took in about $3 billion on Singles Day. This figure exceeded the total of $1.25 billion that U.S. online business earned on Cyber Monday, 9 (make) Singles Day the biggest e­commerce sales day on record. China has the biggest population of online users in the world, 10 about 538 million people online. Now, it follows the U.S. and Japan in online spending and is forecasted to rise to first place as early as this year. C Anna had a car accident when she was a teenager. She lost her arms because of that. What’s worse, when she was twenty years old, she lost her parents. Her elder sister, 1 is ten years older than  her, told her she’d take care of her. However, Anna refused 2 (live) with her. Instead, she said she would take care of   3 (she). She managed to enter college and 4 (study) very hard. Four 5 (year) later, she graduated and was offered work. Once she wrote in her diary, “I am quite lucky. 6 I lost my arms, I still have my legs.” Anna lost her arms, but she chose to face it in a positive way. Instead of 7 (feel) sad every day, she decided not to let it hold her back. She has taught us 8 good lesson. When something bad happens to us, we have two 9 (choose). One is to complain, and the other is to face it   10 (brave). If we choose to escape, it will always follow us wherever we go. If we decided to be strong, new hopes will come. So choose wisely. 参考答案 【课前检测】 1．to have been formed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。 句意：许多坏习惯尤其难以治愈，因为它们很可能在很小的时候就形成了。 根据空格前are likely可知，此处考查sb. be likely to do(某人很有可能做)；根据句意及时间状语at a very young age可知，不定式部分用have done表示不定式动作已经发生；所填词form与其逻辑主语they之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填to have been formed。 2．intended 【详解】句意：由高田孝一建筑事务所主导的该项目是一处综合开发项目，旨在成为上海天安漕宝路片区新住宅总体规划的门户。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，逻辑主语development与intend为被动关系，用过去分词intended作后置定语。 3．strengthening 【详解】句意：这种做法不仅展示了烹饪技巧，还强调了用餐的集体性，因为许多人共享一根面条，加强了社会联系。此处应为非谓语动词作结果状语，结合句意可知，此处表示自然而然的结果，所以使用现在分词形式。 4．to promote 【详解】句意：人们认为它们的圆形造型有助于促进平等，弱化用餐者之间的等级差异。固定句型sth./sb. be believed to do sth. 意为“某物/某人被认为做某事”，故填to promote。 5．buried 【详解】句意：伯特从中国兵马俑中汲取灵感，兵马俑是一支在地下埋藏了数千年的古代军队。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，逻辑主语an ancient army与bury为被动关系，用过去分词buried作后置定语。 6．posed 【详解】句意：杨解决了传统纸张容易受湿度影响和褪色所带来的挑战。本空作后置定语，修饰名词challenge，challenge与pose“造成，引起”之间是被动关系，用过去分词posed。 7．shocked 【详解】句意：日复一日，同事们都被桑德快速痊愈的样子惊呆了，纷纷陷入沉默。空处作后置定语，需填非谓语动词形式，her coworkers和shock为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式shocked。 8．dancing 【详解】句意：那个陌生人挥舞着之前放在家里的一根杆子，就像在上演一场杆子舞蹈表演。此处应用动名词作定语修饰show，表示“跳舞表演”，a pole dancing show意为“钢管舞表演”。 9．paying 【详解】句意：我的智能手机包办一切——从街边市场扫码到AA聚餐结账，甚至交房租。根据even可知，此处与前面的“scanning QR codes”和“sharing restaurant bills”为并列关系，共同作介词的宾语，故用动名词paying。 10．To ensure 【详解】句意：为确保旅途安全，将使用专门设计的设备来分别运送宠物。此处ensure作目的状语，用不定式，首字母大写。 11．ranging 【详解】句意：AI陪伴已成为一种日益增长的趋势，各公司竞相开发从聊天机器人到可穿戴设备等一系列产品。句中已有谓语动词have emerged，此处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰products。products与range之间为主动关系，故用现在分词ranging。 12．decorated 【详解】句意：他们要求一个极具美感的空间，装饰着精美的文具，以便能远离烦扰之事。句中已有谓语动词demanded，此处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰space。space与decorate之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。 13．called 【详解】句意：这种惊险刺激的体验你可以通过趴板冲浪获得，它有时也被称为波基冲浪，使用的是短而软的冲浪板来乘风破浪。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰bodyboarding，bodyboarding与call为被动关系，故用过去分词called作定语。 14．trying 【详解】句意：其次，不要再试图控制你的愤怒了。stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”，此处表示“停止试图控制愤怒”。所以此处用动名词作宾语。 15．To ease 【详解】句意：为了减轻他的痛苦，她伸手拿了一个小罐子，里面装着一种厚厚的膏体——这是由当归草制成的混合物。此处ease作目的状语，用不定式，首字母大写。 【基础练习】 1．to come 【详解】句意：“烤焦的面包理论”指的是，糟糕的事情之所以发生，是有其原因的——它们是为了为更好的事物的到来腾出空间。此处为短语make way for sth to do表示“为某事到来让路”，应填不定式。 2．to chat 【详解】句意：一家科技公司研发出一款无屏幕智能手机，能让孩子们和亲人聊天且不受触屏干扰。此处为固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.，意为“允许某人做某事”，所以此处使用to chat作宾补。 3．encouraging 【详解】句意：对莫莉而言，漫画被视作一种优美的艺术形式，激励人们愉悦阅读，这也是它们值得被认真对待的原因。此处为非谓语动词作状语，encourage与逻辑主语comics为主动关系，所以使用encourage的现在分词encouraging。 4．spoken 【详解】句意：最先说出或是最后说出的语句，会比整段对话更容易被记住。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词phrase，phrase与speak构成被动关系，所以此处使用speak的过去分词spoken。 5．reducing 【详解】句意：他的设计能让物体在水中更顺畅地游动，减少对脆弱水下生态系统的影响。此处为非谓语动词作状语，reduce与逻辑主语design为主动关系，所以使用现在分词reducing。 6．equipped 【详解】句意：如果你决定主修社会科学，你应该期望自主开展研究并让自己储备好相关资讯。此处为“keep+宾语+宾补”结构，宾语yourself与equip构成被动关系，需使用equip的过去分词形式equipped作宾补。 7．to produce 【详解】句意：与此同时，设计师们运用程序来制作高性能装备，这让如今运动员的能力远超前代选手。此处为固定用法employ sth. to do sth.，意为“运用某物做某事”，所以此处使用动词不定式to produce作目的状语。 8．developing 【详解】句意：设备生产商正投入越来越多资金研发各类运动用品生产所需的顶尖材料。此处为固定搭配spend money doing sth.，意为“花费财力做某事”，所以用develop的动名词形式developing。 9．reduced 【详解】句意：多年来，研究人员指出，感恩能带来压力减轻、疼痛缓解以及血压改善。reduce与pain之间是被动关系，即疼痛被减轻，这里用过去分词reduced作定语修饰pain。 10．performing 【详解】句意：这场被广泛认为是全球收视最高的电视节目晚会上，多家公司的机器人表演了从武术动作到复杂体操展示的各类节目。此处为feature sb./sth. doing sth.，用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，robots与perform为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式performing。 11．combined 【详解】句意：以音乐遗产为情感切入点，并与现代旅游品牌相结合，它将箜篌转化为一种鲜活的艺术形式。本句已有谓语transformed，空格处为非谓语动词；逻辑主语 musical heritage与combine“结合”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。 12．Originating 【详解】句意：它起源于商朝，在中国不同地区发展出了各种风格。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，主语it和originate是逻辑上的主谓关系，需填现在分词形式，句首首字母需大写。 13．driven 【详解】句意：他们得出的结论是，人们选择锻炼，其驱动因素是感觉良好和与朋友一起玩得开心的直接回报。本句已经存在谓语动词conclude和从句谓语choose，空格处需要填非谓语形式； 逻辑主语是people，people和动词drive(驱使)之间是被动关系，因此用drive的过去分词driven作伴随状语。 14．limited 【详解】句意：它不再仅限于生病时服用的药方，如今还出现在咖啡杯、面包篮以及外卖饮品中，呈现出全新的面貌。分析句子可知，此处为固定搭配：be limited to“局限于……”，结合句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语it与limit是被动关系，用过去分词 limited。 15．found 【详解】句意：水冰是在卫星、行星、彗星和小行星上发现的冰冻水。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，find“发现”与其逻辑主语frozen H₂O之间为被动关系，所以此处用过去分词found。 【巩固练习】 单句语法填空 1．listed 【详解】句意：2021年最佳旅游乡村名单在世界旅游组织第24届大会上发布，余村位列44个杰出乡村之中。此处考查“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的复合结构，其中宾语Yucun与动词list之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作宾语补足语。 2．winning 【详解】句意：这种象征意义在2026年春晚演唱的《脊梁》一曲中展现得淋漓尽致，赢得了观众的广泛赞誉。此处为现在分词作状语，逻辑主语为前面整句话内容，与win为主动关系，所以用现在分词winning。 3．picturing 【详解】句意：每个人都在畅所欲言，勾勒出围坐在中央圆桌旁亲密相聚、彼此交心的温馨时刻。此处为现在分词作状语，picture与其逻辑主语Everyone为主动关系，所以此处用现在分词picturing。 4．aiming 【详解】句意：中国正加快推进健康中国行动，力求在未来五年进一步提高人均预期寿命、提升国民健康水平。此处为现在分词作状语，aim与其逻辑主语China之间为主动关系，所以此处用现在分词aiming。 5．to complete 【详解】句意：学者和专家们花了二十多年的时间才完成了这项雄心勃勃的工程，该工程涉及复制世界上最大的古代百科全书。此处考查固定句型“It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.”，表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式短语，所以空处需要动词不定式。 6．considered 【详解】句意：这项手工艺曾经只被看作儿童玩具，如今已演变成中国青少年间重要的社交资本。此处为非谓语动词作状语，consider与其逻辑主语this craft为被动关系，用过去分词considered。 7．named 【详解】句意：这座寺庙是北魏时期由一位名叫了然的僧人修建的。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，逻辑主语monk与name为被动关系，用过去分词named作后置定语。 8．to draw 【详解】句意：中医从业者在划清界限方面很谨慎。be careful to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“谨慎做某事”，本空用不定式to draw。 9．to act 【详解】句意：游客可以佩戴混合现实头戴设备，这让他们能够充当虚拟考古学家。此处为固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.，意为“允许某人做某事”，空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 10．Integrating 【详解】句意：融合卫星遥感、大数据分析和农业自主机械，现代农业体系大幅提升了整体竞争力。此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语modern farming systems与integrate为主动关系，用现在分词integrate作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。 11．dating 【详解】句意：这些玩具的关键在于运用了“斗拱”，一种源自数千年前的独特斗拱结构体系。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，逻辑主语bracket system与date from(追溯到)之间主动关系，用现在分词dating作后置定语。 12．solution 【详解】句意：少量的纳米颗粒可能是解决长期困扰塑料生产商的问题的办法。此处作表语，由冠词the可知，表示“解决办法”，且此处为单数意义，应用名词solution。 13．leading 【详解】句意：通往村庄的石径旁的树上挂着木制指示牌。此处为定语修饰stone paths，lead与stone paths构成主动关系，用现在分词作定语。 14．To get 【详解】句意：为了解决这个问题，研究人员将纳米粒子与几种常用的塑料材料混合在一起。由the researchers mixed nanoparticles with several commonly used plastic materials可知，此处表示“为了解决这个问题”，空格处用不定式表目的，位于句首，首字母大写。 15．giving 【详解】句意：在中国，这种酱非常受欢迎，催生了老干妈手机壳、衣服、铅笔盒。此处应填非谓语动词作结果状语，此处表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词。 二、完成句子 1．way to unwind 【详解】句意：在漫长的一天后，读一本好书是一种很好的放松方式。空处位于不定冠词a之后，作表语，应用名词way，表示“方式”，“放松”使用动词unwind，使用动词不定式形式to unwind作后置定语，修饰way，表示“放松的方式”。 2．take up 【详解】句意：他决定把摄影当作一项新的爱好来培养。表示“开始从事”使用动词短语take up，空前为固定搭配decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，动词不定式作宾语，空前有to，动词使用原形。 3．make a living 【详解】句意：许多人打两份工来谋生、养家糊口。根据汉语提示“谋生”，使用固定短语make a living，不定式符号to后接动词原形。 4．issue a joint statement 【详解】句意：经过三天的谈判，两位领导人决定就气候变化发表一份联合声明。根据汉语提示可知短语为issue a joint statement，此处为不定式作宾语。 5．running a red light 【详解】句意：这名粗心的司机被拍到在繁忙的十字路口闯红灯，引发了一起险发事故，差点撞到正常合规过马路的行人。“闯红灯”用动词短语run a red light，作主语补足语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语driver之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。 6．reach the destination 【详解】句意：经过漫长而艰辛的山间跋涉，我们终于抵达目的地并入住酒店，准备好好休息一晚。根据汉语提示可知短语为reach the destination，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形。 7．hold the handrail 【详解】句意：高峰时段地铁十分拥挤，列车突然启停时，紧握扶手以防摔倒十分重要。根据汉语提示“紧握扶手”，使用短语hold the handrail，不定式符号to后接动词原形。 8．treat trouble as fuel 【详解】句意：如果你想取得成功，你必须学会把困难当作燃料，并继续前进。 根据汉语提示“化苦难为动力”可知，空处应用短语treat trouble as fuel，其中“treat... as...”意为“把……当作……”，trouble意为“困难/苦难”，fuel意为“燃料”，比喻推动前进的动力。空处位于learn to do结构中，动词treat用原形。 9． respect the old and love the young 【详解】句意：我们的文化教会我们尊老爱幼。根据汉语提示可知短语为respect the old and love the young，且上文为短语teach sb. to do sth.。 10． pass down customs 【详解】我们应该尽全力把习俗传承给孩子们。根据汉语提示“传承习俗”可知，表示“传承”用固定短语pass down，表示“习俗”用customs；固定搭配try one’s best to“尽全力”后接动词原形。 11． lanterns hanging 【详解】句意：孩子们喜欢看到到处都挂着五颜六色的灯笼。根据汉语提示“灯笼”可知，此处为名词lantern，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限制，需填名词复数形式，表示“挂”应用hang，此处为现在分词作宾补。 12． enjoy the full moon 【详解】句意：晚饭后一家人坐在院子里赏月。根据汉语提示“赏月”可知，此处为固定短语enjoy the full moon，不定式符号to后用动词原形。 13． eat dumplings 【详解】句意：春节时，北方人喜欢吃饺子。like to后接动词原形，结合汉语提示“吃饺子”对应短语eat dumplings。 14． ring out the old and ring in the new 【详解】句意：舞狮表演旨在辞旧迎新，带来好运。表示“辞旧迎新”应用ring out the old and ring in the new，为固定搭配。aim to do...意为“旨在做某事”，不定式作宾语。 15． set off fireworks 【详解】句意：孩子们很兴奋能和父母一起放烟花。根据汉语提示“放烟花”可知，“燃放”用动词短语set off，空前的to为不定式符号，此处用动词原形；“烟花”用名词firework，常用复数。 【拔高练习】 A 1．connecting 2．between 3．said 4．are equipped 5．its 6．a 7．automatically 8．limits 9．fastest 10．when 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着2022年北京奥运会倒计时的继续，连接首都和奥运会主办城市张家口的新高速铁路刚刚投入使用。文章介绍了高铁的情况。 1．考查现在分词。句意：随着2022年北京冬奥会倒计时的继续，连接首都和奥运会主办城市张家口的新高速铁路刚刚投入使用。connect和它所修饰的词line之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填connecting。 2．考查介词。句意：它将两辆车之间的旅行时间从3小时缩短到47分钟。根据句意则指，空格处填介词，指“两个城市之间”；between意为“两者之间”，故填between。 3．考查过去分词。句意：这条美丽的高速铁路是中国复兴系列的一部分，在没有司机的情况下时速可达350公里，据说是世界上第一条智能高铁。分析句子可知，say和句子主语This beauty, part of China'sFuxing series之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填said。 4．考查时态语态。句意：车厢配备了5G信号、智能照明和传感器，以收集实时数据，并检测任何运行异常。根据固定搭配be equipped with意为“配备着”，可知用被动语态，描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为复数名词。故填are equipped。 5．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：同时，每个座位都有自己的触摸屏控制面板和无线充电座。放在名词前面，所以用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 6．考查冠词。句意：虽然这条线路上的高速列车是自动驾驶的，但司机会一直在车上监控。分析句子可知，主句中dirver是可数名词且为单数形式，空格处需填冠词，此处是泛指，故填a。 7．考查副词。句意：列车可自动启动、停车和调整，以适应车站之间不同的速度限制。修饰动词，所以用副词。空后是动词start，故填automatically。 8．考查名词的数。句意：列车可自动启动、停车和调整，以适应车站之间不同的速度限制。作介词的宾语，所以用名词；空格处前有different修饰，需用名词复数。故填limits。 9．考查形容词最高级。句意：如今，中国拥有世界上最大的高速铁路网络和最快的商业运营列车——上海磁悬浮列车。和前面的largest一样，表示“最快的”，所以用形容词最高级作定语。故填fastest。 10．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：据中国国家铁路集团称，自2017年复兴号动车组首次推出以来，已有1036列复兴号动车组投入运行。分析可知，空白处及之后内容为非限制性定语从句，先行词为时间名词2017，在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语。故填when。 B 1．busiest 2．was created 3．a 4．to end 5．it 6．response 7．when 8．businessmen 9．making 10．with 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍“光棍节”及有关事宜。11月11日，被称为“光棍节”，已经成为中国乃至世界上最繁忙的网购日。 1．考查最高级。句意：11月11日，被称为“光棍节”，已经成为中国乃至世界上最繁忙的网购日。此处是形容词最高级，故答案为busiest。 2．考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：光棍节是中国大学生在20世纪90年代创造的，是为没有恋人的人设立的情人节。此处Singles Day 和create之间是一种被动关系，且句子指过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态的被动语态，答案为was created。 3．考查不定冠词。句意：光棍节是中国大学生在20世纪90年代创造的，是为没有恋人的人设立的情人节。此处用不定冠词a，结合句意可知答案为a。 4．考查动词不定式。句意：在那一天，为了结束他们的单身状态，单身的年轻人会请对方吃晚饭或送礼物来追求那个特别的人。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为to end。 5．考查it的用法。句意：由于商家看到了一个营销机会，并在光棍节推出了促销活动，这种送礼行为帮助光棍节变成了一场大型购物活动。此处it指Singles Day，故答案为it。 6．考查名词。句意：这是中国对美国“网络星期一”(Cyber Monday)的回应。“网络星期一”是感恩节周末后的第一天，也是圣诞节网购活动开始的日子。此处China’s是名词所有格，后面用名词形式，故答案为response。 7．考查定语从句。句意：这是中国对美国“网络星期一”(Cyber Monday)的回应。“网络星期一”是感恩节周末后的第一天，也是圣诞节网购活动开始的日子。此处weekend是先行词，指时间，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。 8．考查名词复数。句意：去年，淘宝和天猫的商家在光棍节的收入约为30亿美元。此处用名词复数，故答案为businessmen。 9．考查现在分词。句意：这一数字超过了美国网络星期一的12.5亿美元收入，使光棍节成为有记录以来最大的电子商务销售日。此处是现在分词做自然的结果状语，故答案为making。 10．考查介词。句意：中国拥有世界上最多的网民，大约有5.38亿网民。此处with“具有，和------在一起”，故答案为with。 【点睛】1.作为结果状语的现在分词短语所表示的都是谓语动词的直接结果，是意料中的结果。比如，（1） He cut off the electricity quickly, preventing an accident.他迅速切断了电源，防止了一起意外事故。“防止了事故”是“切断电源”的直接结果。（2）European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sports in the world.有80个国家踢欧式足球，这使得它成为世界上最流行的体育活动。欧式足球成为世界上最流行的体育活动是众多国家踢欧式足球是直接的意料中的自然而然的结果，决非是出乎意料之外的事。 2. 不定式做结果状语通常表示的是一个未曾料到的不愉快的结果。（1） Tom got to the station only to find the train had gone.汤姆到达车站，却发现火车已经开走了。（2）Marry hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital.玛丽匆忙赶了回来，结果却发现她母亲在医院里奄奄一息。 本题第9小题，句意：这一数字超过了美国网络星期一的12.5亿美元收入，使光棍节成为有记录以来最大的电子商务销售日。此处是现在分词做自然的结果状语，故答案为making。 C 1．who 2．to live 3．herself 4．studied 5．years 6．Although 7．feeling 8．a 9．choices 10．bravely 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。安娜十几岁的时候由于车祸失去了胳膊，二十岁的时候失去了父母。她的姐姐要照顾她，她拒绝了，通过自己的努力进入了大学和找到了工作。通过安娜的故事，作者告诉我们 当我们遇到不好的事情时，我们要选择勇敢。 1．考查定语从从句的关系词。分析可知空格处引导定语从句，先行词为her elder sister指人，在定语从句中做主语，故用who引导这个定语从句。故填who。 2．考查不定式。refuse to do为固定搭配，意为“拒绝做某事”，空格处要用不定式。故填to live。 3．考查反身代词。句意：相反，她说她会照顾她自己。根据句意，这里要表达的是照顾“她自己”，故填反身代词herself。 4．考查时态。安娜学习努力这件事发生在过去，所以这里要用一般过去时，故填studied。 5．考查名词单复数。year为可数名词，且由four修饰，所以这里要用其复数形式，故填years。 6．考查连词。句意：尽管我失去了双臂，我还有双腿。I lost my arms和I still have my legs是两个完整的句子，要用一个连词这两个句子，根据句意可知前后为转折关系，所以用although，故填 Although。 7．考查动名词。Instead of为介词短语，后要接动词的动名词形式，故填feeling。 8．考查冠词。lesson为可数名词，且原文没有用复数形式，所以要用冠词修饰。这里要表达的是“一堂好课”，是泛指，故用不定冠词a,故填a。 9．考查名词单复数。句意：当发生不好的事情时，我们有两个选择。空格处做have的宾语，结合句意这里应该用所给词的名词choice, choice为可数名词且由two修饰，要用其复数形式 ，故填choices。 10．考查副词。空格处修饰动词face，要用副词修饰动词，故填bravely。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $