专题05 阅读理解 （七选五）（期末真题汇编，浙江专用）高二英语下学期

**基本信息** 汇编浙江多地市高二下期末七选五真题，聚焦人与自我、社会主题，素材涵盖社交媒体使用、健康管理、科技应用等现实话题，考查语篇逻辑与信息补全能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |七选五阅读理解|多篇（每篇5空）|语篇衔接（如过渡句、段落主旨）、逻辑推理（因果/例证关系）、主题语境（做人做事、科技文化）|以“如何应对绰号”“决策疲劳”等真实情境设题，选项设置区分度高，如通过“Trace the origin story”“Build your self-confidence”等概括性标题考查段落主旨提炼|

专题05 阅读理解（七选五） 参考答案 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1：1．E 2．A 3．D 4．G 5．F Passage 2：1．D 2．E 3．C 4．B 5．F Passage 3：1．G 2．F 3．D 4．B 5．E Passage 4：1．A 2．D 3．E 4．G 5．B Passage 5：1．D 2．A 3．C 4．G 5．F Passage 6：1．B 2．E 3．G 4．D 5．C Passage 7：1．D 2．G 3．B 4．F 5．A Passage 8：1．G 2．C 3．F 4．E 5．D Passage 9：1．C 2．D 3．B 4．E 5．G Passage 10：1．B 2．E 3．A 4．F 5．D Passage 11：1．G 2．B 3．F 4．E 5．D Passage 12：1．C 2．A 3．G 4．D 5．E Passage 13：1．E 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．G 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1：1．G 2．B 3．F 4．D 5．A Passage 2：1．F 2．C 3．D 4．E 5．G Passage 3：1．E 2．G 3．A 4．D 5．F 主题03 人与社会——历史，社会与文化 Passage 1：1．E 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B Passage2：1．F 2．A 3．G 4．B 5．C Passage 3：1．E 2．C 3．F 4．G 5．A 主题01 人与自我——做人做事 Passage 1：1．G 2．D 3．A 4．E 5．F Passage 2：1．G 2．E 3．C 4．B 5．D Passage 3：1．D 2．A 3．B 4．G 5．C Passage 4：1．A 2．E 3．G 4．F 5．C Passage 5：1．E 2．F 3．C 4．A 5．G Passage 6：1．B 2．E 3．G 4．D 5．A Passage 7：1．B 2．E 3．C 4．A 5．F 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1：1．A 2．F 3．B 4．E 5．C Passage 2：1．F 2．D 3．A 4．E 5．G 主题03 人与社会——历史，社会与文化 Passage 1：1．D 2．E 3．G 4．F 5．A Passage 2：1．C 2．D 3．F 4．A 5．B Passage 3：1．B 2．C 3．G 4．F 5．E / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解（七选五） 主题01 人与自我——做人做事 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·浙江台州·期末) People develop nicknames for all sorts of reasons. While some nicknames (绰号) are fun and friendly, others can be unkind or hurtful. 1 But don’t worry — with the right methods, dropping an unwanted nickname is entirely possible. Here are some easy steps to help you reclaim your real name and establish how you wish to be addressed. 2 Think back to when the nickname first started. Who initiated it? Was it meant to be friendly, funny, or a little mean? The context determines your approach. For example, if a loving family member gave the nickname, you might explain your feelings gently, but if classmates used it to tease you, you can be more direct about wanting it to stop. Express your preference clearly. If you want to be called by your real name, express this preference openly and firmly. 1 For example, instead of saying, “You know, I don't really like being called ‘Sparky’,” try something like, “I prefer to be called [Your Full Name] from now on.” Stick to your request. This is crucial. You’ll likely need to remind them of your preference many times, especially in the beginning. 1 Gently correct them each time. A simple, “Actually, please call me [Your Name],” delivered calmly but consistently, can be very effective. Set boundaries. 1 If someone keeps using the nickname after you’ve asked him or her not to, you might need to set clear limits. This could involve politely leaving the conversation or restating your preference. Dropping an unwanted nickname takes time and effort. With patience and persistence, people will learn to respect your preferred name. A．Trace the origin story. B．Challenge the nickname. C．This can help you start a nickname-free life. D．This way, people are more likely to take it seriously. E．Once a nickname sticks, it can be difficult to change F．Be clear about what you will and will not respond to. G．Don’t get discouraged if people make the mistake repeatedly. Passage 2 (24-25高二下·浙江浙南名校·期末) Helping people in need is a great way to make the world a better place. From the smallest acts of kindness to global humanitarian efforts, there are numerous ways in which you can help out your fellow humans. Donate money or supplies to an organization. Making a donation is one of the easiest and most effective ways to help others. 1 You may even have some unused items sitting around your home that could go to someone in need, like your unneeded furniture and clothing. Participate in local or online fundraising efforts. If you don’t have the money or goods to donate yourself, assist in fundraising resources from the people who do. Offer to help with fundraising for a local organization or business, or set up your own fundraiser. You can also spread the word about online fundraisers by sharing posts on social media. 2 Use your platform to raise awareness for social issues. Will you use social media and feel comfortable posting about political and social issues on your account? 3 You can spread important messages and increase the number of people who care about and contribute to a cause. Advocate for causes by sharing stories, fact-checked information, and routes for others to mobilize resources and take action. 4 There’s nothing wrong with deciding to help out others in a reactive way—for instance, donating money in response to a current emergency like a natural disaster, or political conflict. However, it’s equally important to consistently practice the skills to help others. For example, consider getting trained in CPR and other first aid methods. 5 Start with the simple things like holding the door for someone or offering a genuine compliment. Just take actions! A．Commit to reactive actions. B．Be active about gaining the skills. C．Using your voice online can be a powerful way. D．However, money isn’t the only thing that you can donate. E．So, the next time you see a GoFundMe, just click “Share!” F．Helping others doesn’t need to include novel ideas or grand gestures. G．It can be difficult to know exactly how to begin actively helping others. Passage 3 (24-25高二下·浙江金华十校·期末) It’s natural to compare yourself to others, and even envy them, if you hop on your social media for a few minutes. With just a few clicks, you’re flooded with vacation photos, updates, and ads. 1 In this article, we’ll teach you how to avoid certain triggers (触发因素) so you can stop comparing yourself to others. Identify your triggers and avoid them. To stop comparing yourself to others, pay attention to the people or events that trigger your behavior. Do you feel dissatisfaction with your life after looking at high-end goods? 2 Write down your comparative thoughts as soon as they happen so you can limit your exposure to these situations. Appreciate others instead of. envying them. 3 If you have friends who are highly achieving people, you might consider that their networks are full of people who might be able to help you become more successful in your life. Instead of envying their success, be supportive and use their success to your benefit. 4 Instead of focusing on your “weaknesses,” reflect on the areas you can improve. Take classes, workshops, or lessons to improve your skills, and don’t be afraid to ask other people for help along the way. By putting yourself first, you can promote your self-confidence and find your place and value. Talk to a trusted friend or family member. When you habitually compare yourself to others, you can feel even more inadequate or discouraged. Discuss your comparative behavior with a loved one to release any negative beliefs and help you process your emotions. 5 A．Build your self-confidence. B．Work on improving your abilities. C．Do you have a positive thought about yourself? D．Consider the advantage that others can bring you. E．You might be surprised to hear they feel the same way as you. F．Is there someone who always makes you feel bad about yourself? G．But it doesn’t mean you have to “keep up” to live a content and meaningful life. Passage 4 (23-24高二下·浙江舟山·期末) How to Protect Your Eyes When Using a Computer Experts agree that spending time in front of a computer may cause eye strain. While eye strain typically isn’t harmful, it can cause bothersome symptoms like dry, watery eyes, sensitivity to light and neck or shoulder pain. 1 Research suggests that making simple changes may help prevent eye strain. Reposition reference materials. 2 If they are too low or too high, your eyes will have to refocus every time you glance at them, leading to eye fatigue. Actually, reference materials should be located above the keyboard and below the computer’s monitor. To help do this, use a document holder or a book to prop up materials a few inches and help rest your eyes. Blink every so often. We naturally blink about 20 times every minute, but when focusing on a screen this can drop by as much as half. This means your eyes are at much greater risk of drying out when working on the computer. You’ll have to be conscious of this and force yourself to blink. Deliberately blink every five seconds or so. 3 Every 20 minutes, look away from the screen for 20 seconds. Adjust your screen lighting. Your screen should be illuminated in relation to your environment. If you’re working in a brightly lit room, you can increase your brightness settings; if the room is dim, lower the settings. If your eyes are feeling strained, try adjusting your brightness settings in relation to your work environment. 4 5 Eye doctors use this term to describe the adverse effects of prolonged computer use. These symptoms are not permanent and should subside when you step away from the computer for a few hours. They can cause significant discomfort, however, and if ignored can lead to permanent eye problems. A．Fortunately, there is still a way out. B．Pause with computer vision syndrome. C．Have a break when eye strain happens. D．Improper position of materials can cause discomfort. E．If you find this too distracting, try taking breaks. F．During this time, you should blink or close your eyes. G．Anyway, your eyes often tell you what you should do. Passage 6 (23-24高二下·浙江浙南名校·期末) The feeling like there’s no point trying anything since nothing feels good anymore has a name: anhedonia. While anhedonia appears similar to boredom, it’s distinct in that it’s usually coupled with a loss of motivation to even give things a try. 1 So what can be done to deal with it? Here’s how you can bounce back from this joyless state of mind. Keep a thought worksheet to investigate negative thinking. 2 They might have negative views of themselves, combined with negative views of the world and of the future. Keeping a thought worksheet can help restructure the beliefs. Write about a situation that happened, the moods you felt, and the automatic thoughts you had. Then write down evidence that supports the automatic thought driving the moods, and evidence that does not support it. 3 You’re looking not only at the negative aspects, but the neutral (中立的) and positive aspects. Keep a daily record of things you’re grateful for. Listing simple things you’re grateful for brings the forgotten positive aspects of our lives to the front of our mind. You may be grateful for having food on your plate, or having a pillow to rest your head on every night. 4 Try doing something you used to enjoy. It can be really discouraging to do things you usually love to do and find you no longer enjoy them. Take it easy. 5 Instead of seeking enjoyment, focus on leaving the activity with a more neutral perspective, such as, ‘I’ve done something to improve the way I feel. Start with small, manageable bursts of time, such as spending 15 minutes watching a TV show or walking outside. A．Replace negative thoughts with positive ones. B．Sometimes, this state of mind becomes problematic. C．Try approaching these activities with a different purpose. D．Try to do this every day, even if you only write down one or two things. E．People experiencing anhedonia often hold beliefs across three categories. F．Engage in important social connections even if you don’t feel like socializing. G．In doing so, you are positioning yourself to review all the information your brain is receiving. Passage 7 (23-24高二下·浙江嘉兴·期末) Creativity is everywhere. We see it in the architecture of our buildings, the design of everyday objects like our phones, the clothes we wear, and the music we listen to. Being creative is enjoyable and productive. 1 So what can you practically do to help develop your creativity? Practice is crucial. One person who showed its importance was the artist Pablo Picasso. He is famous for creating daring new painting styles, but it wasn’t by accident. He spent years experimenting with the traditional rules of art. 2 Another way you can stimulate your creativity is by learning from others in your field. You can gain new insights and techniques by studying the works of other artists, designers, or professionals. 3 Additionally, interacting with fellow creatives can provide valuable feedback and support, helping you to grow and develop your skills. Creative people are also usually working in a field they love. They are generally more motivated by a love of what they do, rather than money. 4 Then enjoyment becomes the reward, which in turn motivates you to keep being creative. If you know your field inside out you will have the confidence to take risks and allow your creativity to blossom. 5 From techniques that allow your mind to think more originally, to learning from past creative masters, there are practical ways to help you use your imagination to create something original. If you direct your energy thoughtfully, you can learn to be more creative. A．Don’t hesitate to unlock your own creativity. B．This can involve attending workshops or reading books. C．Creativity is the engine that drives progress in every field. D．For some of us it comes naturally but others might need help. E．Creativity isn’t just for the arts, but can be applied in all areas of life. F．Thus, choose a field you enjoy rather than something you feel you ought to do. G．Eventually he produced ground-breaking works like Les Demoiselles d’Avignon. Passage 8 (23-24高二下·浙江温州·期末) There are two types of skills that managers look for in the interviews with job seekers: soft skills and hard skills. 1 Soft skills, unlike hard skills, are usually inborn or gained through personal development. They cover key personality-based aspects of what makes someone a good fit for a given role. Some examples of soft skills include: dependability, positive attitude, listening skills, emotional intelligence and so on. Soft skills are extremely important for job seekers to be considered right for the position. 2 Soft skills are harder to teach. Personality features like listening skills and decision-making skills are not transferable skills in the same way that many technical abilities are. Employers value someone with strong communication skills and other soft skills because those skills are much harder to teach. Soft skills make hard skills easier to learn. 3 Specific skills like good verbal communication and dependability will make you ready to train hard skills, and thus grow quickly within a job. 4 If you are looking for a new job but don’t have much experience, showing your strong soft skills can ease doubt employers might have about you. A recent survey revealed that 89% of interviewers would choose an interviewee with excellent soft skills over one with experience. Employers see soft skills beneficial to a job seeker’s future growth and care er success. 5 A．Hard skills matter in the interview. B．Soft skills can help enrich experience. C．Here are reasons why soft skills are important. D．So, show them your soft skills in the interview. E．Soft skills can make up for a lack of experience. F．Having important soft skills helps you develop a set of hard skills. G．Hard skills are job-specific skills learned through training programs. Passage 9 (23-24高二下·浙江台州·期末) Quite a few people turn to comfort foods when they’re feeling down or just need a little pick-me-up. 1 They, to some extent, provide eaters a sense of warmth and pleasure. But despite the name, do they actually comfort us? 2 As studies have found, the brain has “hedonic hotspots” — specialized regions that increase the rewarding feeling or “liking” of palatable (可口的) tastes, including sugary, fatty and salty foods. This can result in a dopamine (多巴胺) hit that strengthens a person’s motivation to seek palatable food rewards. Therefore, people might be encouraged by their brains to consume particular foods. But why are comfort foods generally somewhat unhealthy? Certain foods — sometimes referred to as “hyper-palatable” foods — arouse intense feelings of pleasure. They are generally easy to digest and are sweet, salty or rich. 3 So, a person’s brain tends not to want them in the same way it does a donut or a slice of pizza. Comfort foods are an attempt to feel content or a means of reducing stress, but it seems they are not always effective. In a survey of 2, 000 adults, one in four people admitted eating comfort foods at least five times a week, even though over half said those meals made them feel worse. So, why? People are aware that these foods are not nutritionally beneficial. 4 Some researches, however, have also found that comfort foods do have the ability to comfort us but just no more than any other food. Comfort foods can result in an immediate mood lift. 5 Individuals may just be giving comfort food credit for mood effects that would have occurred even in the absence of that particular food. A．It seems beneficial to make comfort foods. B．Healthy foods tend not to contain any of these elements. C．Comfort foods are often associated with carefree memories. D．The brain rewards people when they consume certain. foods. E．This leads to their feelings of regret and shame in the longer term. F．When feeling emotionally threatened, you often reach for comfort foods. G．Any other food, regardless of people’s desire, is also able to achieve the same outcome. Passage 10 (23-24高二下·浙江丽水·期末) A quick browse of the FitTok tag reveals our madness with maximum fitness — couples lifting one another overhead, mums sprinting from room to room with pushchairs, which can make the average gymgoer feel hopeless. 1 Try these achievable goals. Find a diet that works Trendy diets are often extreme, but that’s not going to help you sustain a healthy lifestyle. “As a general standard your diet should consist of 20-30 per cent fat, 40-50 per cent carbs and 25-30 per cent protein,” says Farren Morgan, a military fitness coach. 2 Run a 5k You don’t have to run the length of Africa. Training for your local ParkRun — a weekly group 5k — is a great place to start. Fran Bungay says,“ 3 Alternating a minute running with a minute walking is fine to begin with. Once you can run for 20 minutes, try to push for 30.” Remove back pain “Spending all day at a desk can lead to tight hips, which may then lead to pain in the lower back and shoulders,” Clift says.“ 4 ” You can also try the knee twist. Lie on your back and bring your knees up to your chest, before slowly lowering them to the left and to the right while keeping your back flat on the floor. Make the gym a habit Studies have found that activity trackers can help people develop healthy routines over the long term, and that it always takes about 66 days to form a lasting habit. 5 A．Aim for three 20-minute training a week. B．It doesn’t have to be all or nothing, however. C．Squats help to strengthen your back and core, and will burn calories. D．Use the True Coach app to track your goals and receive personalized feedback. E．Get this right, and drink certain amount of water a day, and your body should adapt quickly. F．Yoga and Pilates can help, as well as taking regular breaks or investing in a standing desk. G．Use the Class Pass app to book fitness classes without having to commit to a full membership. Passage 11 (23-24高二下·浙江宁波·期末) The opening sentences of your essay are crucial; first impressions often matter. 1 Think of how you skim a magazine, reading a paragraph or two of each article that looks promising. If the early paragraphs interest you, you’ll continue reading. When writing your own introductory paragraph, assume you have limited words to attract your audience. Therefore, focus on making your initial lines especially interesting and well written. In some essays, a strong main point alone can attract readers. 2 The lead-in serves three key purposes: drawing readers’ attention, introducing the essay’s topic and tone, and paving the way for the thesis and essay outline. Here is some advice to help you avoid common lead-in errors. Make sure your lead-in clearly presents your main point. 3 To prevent a loose flow, use a bridging sentence or phrase between your lead-in and main point. Keep your lead-in brief. Long lead-ins in short essays often give the appearance of a tail wagging the dog. 4 Don’t make your introduction the biggest part of your essay. 5 Identify the related facts even though you know your readers know the assignment. If you are writing about a particular piece of literature or art, identify the title of the work and its author or artist, using the full name in the first reference. A．But how can we write a good sentence? B．But other times, using a lead-in can help. C．You might think of your essay as a clear, connected whole. D．Don’t assume your readers already know your subject matter. E．Use a brief, engaging introduction to establish your main point. F．A common issue is an interesting start but no clear link to the main point. G．Then, your essay‘s start must attract readers’ attention and keep them engaged. Passage 12 (23-24高二下·浙江湖州·期末) We all know that it’s important to stay healthy, and we often link health to exercise and diet. 1 Myopia or shortsightedness is becoming more common. It has reached epidemic levels in East Asia, Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, where approaching 90% of 18-year-olds are now short-sighted. 2 According to research looking at things that are close to us, such as books, for long periods of time damages our eyes. This is especially true while our eyes are still growing. Besides, looking at screens for extended periods can cause harm as well. So, what can we do to protect our eyes? 3 However, this isn’t always possible at school. In this case, we can follow a practical rule called the 20-20-20 rule. This says that every 20 minutes, we should spend 20 seconds looking at something at least 20 feet (six meters) away. This will help us to exercise our eyes properly. 4 There are many other common eye diseases, such as dry eye disease. This chronic problem can be caused by environmental factors. Some of these include blue light from screens as well as exposure to wind and air conditioning. Dry eye disease can result in burning pain and the feeling of something in the eye. 5 What you might need to do is to use hot compresses (敷布), carefully wash your eyelids and eyelashes, and use eye drops. However, there are different types of dry eye disease. So, if you think you have this problem, speak to your doctor for advice. A．The underlying reasons for this trend are clear. B．That may be related to reading for extended periods of time. C．As a part of this, we must consider the health of our eyes, too. D．Myopia isn’t the only problem we can have with our eyes, though. E．Once this problem appears, it can’t be cured, but it can be managed. F．Therefore, there is a concern that the health of our eyes might be at risk. G．The clearest thing is to spend more time on activities involving looking at varying distances. Passage 13 (24-25高二下·浙江嘉兴·期末) Several schools are trying to cut back on the use of slang (俚语). The Harris Academy in Upper Norwood is one school that’s taking action. Students there are banned from using terms such as coz (because), ain’t (isn’t/ aren’t, etc.) and yeah (yes). Signs have been put up with a list of banned words. 1 But why? The big problem is that many of these terms are appearing in written work. 2 The school explained that they don’t want the children to lose their identity, but to be able to communicate properly with people and be understood. “We are going to teach them the rules. 3 But we want them to know that when they are filling in application forms and speaking in a formal situation they should use Standard English,” said a teacher. So, what’s causing the problem? Firstly, slang is just about everywhere these days: in TV shows, songs, films, etc. And with more and more people using it in conversations with friends and coworkers, it’s becoming more acceptable. 4 Texting often involves using abbreviations or phonetic (语音的) forms of words, such as wot (what), dat (that), n (and), and gonna (going to). 5 It’s argued that the very nature of English is its flexibility and it’s a ban that would be impossible to achieve as there’s no official language police. The type of language that people use can’t be controlled. “The reason why English is so popular is that it develops and adapts well to fit the way it’s being used,” a language expert explained. Is the “war” on slang worth fighting? A．This puts many children at a severe disadvantage. B．No doubt the strength of English lies in its diversity. C．The increasing use of social media also has an effect. D．If they decide not to use these rules with friends, that is fine. E．A letter has also been sent to parents explaining the decision. F．The role of schools in developing language skills has raised doubt. G．However, many see any attempts to control language as pointless. 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·浙江衢州·期末) Once a tree seed takes root, it develops a stem that pushes out of the ground and eventually takes the familiar shape of a tree. 1 There are tens of thousands of different tree species, and species grow at different rates. For example, white oaks take decades to reach their full height of 100 feet or more. But they can live for up to 600 years. 2 They reach full height (20 to 30 feet) in about 10years but only live for 20. Coast redwoods are fast-growing, super tall, and long-lived. In early life, many climb more than 3 feet a year. Fully grown, they can soar more than 300 feet (about the same height as the Statue of Liberty). 3 However, they can live for over 1,000 years. Trees mature differently because each species is adapted to its specific habitat. A tree grows in particular kinds of soil and among certain animals and other plants. Throughout the seasons, it lives with temperatures and amounts of water and sun that don’t vary much from year to year. A tree may grow fast or slow-or tall or not-so-tall. 4 Severe weather can also affect tree growth by delivering the wrong amounts of sun, water, heat, or cold. If trees get what they need, they usually reach full height before they’re halfway through life. 5 Each year, their trunks, roots, and branches get wider. So basically, a tree is always growing and changing. That’s tree-rific! A．After that, they still grow in other ways. B．Gray birches grow as fast as 2 feet a year. C．Their leaf colors vary in different conditions. D．Those ways of growing help it survive in its habitat. E．It is interesting to know how long it takes for trees to grow. F．These giants complete much of their upward growth in their first 100 years. G．How long it takes to grow to its full height depends on many things — especially tree species! Passage 2 (24-25高二下·浙江金华·期末) Decision fatigue (决策疲劳) is a psychological phenomenon where the quality of decisions declines after a long session of decision-making. 1 While many of us believe we are logical beings capable of weighing every option carefully, decision fatigue shows how our mental resources can be used up over time. One of the key studies on this phenomenon was conducted in the context of parole hearings (假释听证会). 2 As the day progressed and the judges made more decisions, they were increasingly likely to maintain their previous decisions, denying parole simply because it required less mental effort. 3 For instance, people often report struggling to decide what to eat for dinner after a long day. Similarly, too many choices, such as when people look through streaming platforms or online stores, can leave them feeling confused, leading them to abandon the process entirely or settle for a less satisfying option. To overcome decision fatigue, some well-known figures have adopted strategies to simplify their daily routines. 4 Similarly, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Albert Einstein was known for owning several similar suits to avoid wasting energy on deciding what to wear each day. Understanding decision fatigue can help us structure our lives more effectively. Prioritizing (优先) important decisions earlier in the day or setting up routines to minimize unnecessary choices are strategies to preserve mental energy. 5 A．This can have a wide range of consequences. B．Decision fatigue isn’t a problem that you face every day. C．Researchers found judges tended to approve of parole early in the day. D．Decision fatigue affects not only major choices but also everyday decisions. E．For example, a celebrity minimizes choices by wearing the same gray T-shirts. F．It is caused by the limited mental energy we have for making choices each day. G．This way, we can make sound decisions and reduce the stress from too many choices. Passage 3 (23-24高二下·浙江温州新力量·期末) Imagine that you are in a remote village somewhere with no medical clinic. 1 Once the doctors get to you, they examine you and take blood samples, but they won’t be able to help you until they take the samples back to the hospital to find out what is wrong. 2 Thanks to engineer Andy Ozcan, many people may never be in this situation. He has invented an app that turns your mobile phone into a diagnostic (诊断的) tool. Ozcan’s invention is important because it is very accurate and easy to use. In many remote places, even if doctors have microscopes and other instruments to help them make diagnoses, there may still be other problems. Many doctors, for example, don’t have enough training to correctly interpret what they see. 3 With Ozcan’s mobile phone app, health workers can take a special photo of a blood sample and send it to a central computer at a hospital. The computer will then automatically interpret the photo and send a diagnosis back in a few minutes. 4 His technology only requires a mobile phone and an Internet connection. As more than four billion people already have cell phones, the cost of establishing the diagnostic system is fairly low. By inventing a medical tool that uses existing technology—mobile phones—Ozcan has developed a medical tool that is both practical and economical. Therefore, it can be effectively almost anywhere. 5 A．As a result, they may diagnose illnesses incorrectly. B．People are trying to reduce the cost of this new medical tool. C．This tool has become much more popular all around the world. D．Another reason that Ozcan’s invention is important is that it is inexpensive. E．You become very sick and must wait days until a mobile medical unit arrives to help. F．Ozcan’s simple, cost-effective tool might just save millions of lives around the world. G．Even though you may only have a simple infection, you might die because of the delay. 主题03 人与社会——历史，社会与文化 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·浙江湖州·期末) Community service is more than a college application requirement — it’s a transformative experience that shapes character and offers real-world learning. 1 Yet many students approach it hesitantly, unsure how to make a meaningful impact or seeing it as an uninteresting obligation. This hesitation often comes from not knowing how to match their interests with service opportunities. The key is finding a project that fits both personal interests and community needs. For example, a group of high students noticed the lack of green spaces in their urban neighborhood, realizing a change was a must. 2 They researched local gardening methods, sought neighbors’ support, and spent countless weekends turning an abandoned lot into a lively community garden with flowers and vegetable patches. Successful community service usually involves teamwork. 3 By collaborating with local non-profits, schools, and businesses, students access what they couldn’t get alone. A team aiming to improve literacy in underprivileged areas partnered with a local library. The library provided books, while the students designed engaging reading programs for different age groups. Overcoming obstacles during community service is an unavoidable part in the process. 4 The students faced challenges like getting permits, handling limited funds, and persuading hesitant neighbors. These difficulties taught them problem-solving, patience, and communication. Similarly, those in the literacy project learned to adjust their teaching based on feedback. 5 Many students find hidden talents, like leadership or public speaking, as they take on roles in service projects. Helping others not only enriches the community but also brings a stronger sense of purpose and a deeper understanding of social issues. A．Creating the community garden wasn’t easy. B．Community service also offers self-discovery. C．They decided to act and started a project to change things. D．Joint efforts bring together resources and create greater impacts. E．It’s a chance to leave comfort zones and develop valuable life skills. F．This realization motivates them to take on more ambitious projects later. G．Cooperation in community service builds strong relationships and helps future projects. Passage 2 (24-25高二下·浙江舟山·期末) What do you think about “regifting” — giving someone else a gift that you received before? Is it dishonest to pretend that you bought the gift for the person you’re giving it to? 1 Frankly speaking, regifting is something many of us have felt uncertain or hesitant about. Chances are that we get a gift that, however well-intentioned, just doesn’t match our needs or our lives and thus will go unused. So rather than have it add to household clutter or get thrown out, why not regift? 2 Gift-giving happens within a web of relationships, and there are feelings to be considered (“Where’s that purple scarf I knitted you last Christmas?”). Seriously uncomfortable social situations ought to be avoided (“Why is there a greeting card from someone else for you inside this gift box?”). There are times when integrity might require us to inform the original giver of our intention to regift, even if the conversation might be awkward. 3 We also hope it shouldn’t be something they’ll just regift again and again. But if you think about it, the three gifts the Magi brought to Jesus in Matthew 2 weren’t all that practical. If I got those three gifts, I’d probably keep the gold. 4 Keeping these considerations in mind, I say, “Re-gift away!” 5 In her book Braiding Sweetgrass, Robin Wall Kimmerer points out that in Indigenous and Native American cultures, the attitude toward giving is different: “Whatever we have been given is supposed to be given away again.” A．There are, of course, considerations. B．However, I’d probably regift the other two. C．To some extent, our unwillingness to regift is a cultural attitude. D．Sometimes, regifting can be seen as a smart way to save money. E．Regifting is a common practice in many cultures around the world. F．Is it also ungrateful to the person who gave it to you in the first place? G．And we hope that the person getting the regift actually needs and likes it. Passage 3 (23-24高二下·浙江湖州德清县第一中学·期末) Some children are more energetic than others. As a mom, I know this first-hand, because my son has always been pretty active, but my daughter is on another level. 1 , I would probably be a millionaire (百万富翁). When she was young, it was even more challenging. That was because if we didn’t fit in enough activities, she would get bad-tempered. 2 Not only do they provide structure, but also they allow children to use their boundless energy in a way that’s healthy for their bodies and minds, You just need to find something that attracts them, so it’s fun and not a bother. We try several activities until my daughter finds her calling: gymnastics (体操). 3 , she is happier than ever, despite the long hours she spends training and the competition schedule which can be quite intense. I’m not pushing her, but I’m proudly supporting her every step of the way. 4 Here are several lessons I’ve learned that might help you if your kid is a bit too energetic: Accept that your child needs more physical activities than others. Find one sport or activity that he or she enjoys. If possible, find a school that has daily break time or offers regular PE classes. Work out the schedule for after-school activities that will allow your child to let off some steam, but don’t overdo it. 5 . And being overtired can also create problems related to school, sleep or behavior. A．Kids need time to relax. B．As I know I have a unique daughter. C．All I can do is to thank sports sincerely. D．She was more energetic than other girls. E．If I could gather up her energy and sell it. F．After she convinced her coach to let her compete. G．She found something where her high energy levels help her achieve her goals. 主题01 人与自我——做人做事 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·浙江绍兴·期末) Big moments and decisions in our lives can make our stomachs drop. Moving somewhere new, getting married and starting a family are what we may be nervous about. Here are some ways to deal with your scares. ● Pause and Reflect Take a breath. Harvard professor Luana Marques suggests calming your nerves by meditating, taking a walk or talking to a friend. 1 If yes, would taking on the discomfort of a new thing get me closer to where I want to be in my career or relationships? ● Comfortable Zone Traps Not choosing is making a choice, too. Many clients who come to Tega Edwin, a St. Louis-based career counselor, have stayed in bad jobs for years, terrified they’ll fail or be equally miserable elsewhere. 2 For example, Edwin tells them that avoiding the unknown guarantees a bad outcome: the job you already know you hate. ● Danger ahead 3 Anne Mamaghani, a user experience consultant in San Jose, Calif. , felt torn when a recruiter presented a job opportunity that would have brought her near family in Indiana, exposed her to a new industry and boosted her title. The thought of wresting her two children, ages 10 and 13, from their school and community felt awful, though. She prioritized her children’s needs over career gains. ● Building Resilience (韧性) Learning to adapt to change can be like building a muscle. When Mark Smith moved to Toronto from Salt Lake City a few years ago with his family, panic hit him on the first day of his new job. “I just started thinking, what have I done?” he says. 4 That time abroad did bring him closer to his wife and son, he says, and proved his own resilience. Smith jumped at the chance when the family had an opportunity to move to Italy last year. This time, he says he felt no fear at all. A good life requires a few risks. 5 A．Sometimes you shouldn’t struggle ahead. B．A visit from friends brought him back to life. C．Immediate success is rare, but persistence pay s off. D．Staying passive traps us in predictable unhappiness. E．Obviously, true growth begins when we face discomfort. F．In fact, change often feels terrifying but proves rewarding. G．Ask yourself clearly: Is that something I want to do in future? Passage 2 (24-25高二下·浙江宁波九校·期末) Patterns can be defined as predictable events or recurring responses to a specific situation. Our lives are often played out as a series of patterns. 1 Bad habits are patterns of behaviour that are deeply wired into our lifestyles because of constant repetition. These habits may include more harmless ones such as eating loudly or dumping your shoes on the floor instead of putting them in the closet; the more moderate ones include procrastination (拖延) and gossiping; and the more insidious ones such as gaming, drug, alcoholic addiction. 2 The adult brain can create new neurons (神经元) as well as trim and change existing neural pathways. Rewiring our brains to break patterns is possible. 3 Poverty comes with a host of problems and this elephant in the room cannot be ignored. There is no silver bullet to this complex problem, but thankfully, there are always rags-to-riches stories to show us it is possible and necessary to break the patterns of poverty. Arguably, there are patterns that are beneficial to our lives such as an exercise or study routine. 4 However, patterns create predictable results and when we choose to keep to outdated patterns, we limit ourselves to an expected outcome. 5 If the study routine one has been following is not inspiring and does not help one to achieve his or her goals, isn’t it better to discard it? James Dyson, the inventor of the first bagless vacuum cleaner, made no fewer than 5,000 changes to his innovation before he got it right. If following a pattern of doing things leads us to failure and stagnation (停滞), it is better to disrupt the pattern than continue with it. A．We need to put an end to them. B．We should certainly keep them. C．The cycle of poverty is a pattern that exists worldwide. D．It sometimes results in a sacrifice of growth and creativity. E．Breaking these patterns of behaviour is key to ending the habit. F．It is often not easy to break a pattern that has been rooted in a person or in a system. G．Most of us are stuck inside certain patterns, some of which are better broken than continued. Passage 3 (24-25高二下·浙江温州新力量·期末) There is no question that self-acceptance is critical to an individual’s happiness. As a mother, I want my kids to strive (努力) to deliver their very best, but at the same time, I want them to be able to accept their limitations. Today, I’ll share several self-acceptance exercises for children, which require your assistance. Remember self-acceptance is a long and ongoing journey even with these exercises. 1 The first exercise is discovering strengths. Children should be exposed to a variety of new things and creative activities so they can discover their strengths and interests. 2 Bring them to the library to research their new interests. Help them to understand that not everyone has the same strengths and that it is okay. 3 Take time to have conversations with your child about what they want to talk about. Even if you don’t take any interest in their favorite cartoon or stamp collecting, when they share it with you, allow them to talk. Your listening will help them know they are valuable and that you respect them. Allow change. Your child may express things they don’t like about themselves; that’s okay. We all have things about ourselves that we don’t like and want to change. Talk to your child about this. 4 Then support their efforts in making a change. Help them understand that improving takes work and that it is a choice we get to make. My grandmother used to tell me to just try my best. I pass this same message on to my kids but with a reminder: 5 After all, life is all about balance. Children have to be able to strive for excellence and be content with themselves even if they don’t meet their own high standards. Tell them they can always try again, if they want to. A．Notice what they like. B．Engage in open communication. C．Try your best and then just be satisfied. D．Be patient with your child in this process. E．Focus on the positive aspects of your child. F．Help them realize that wanting to share is normal. G．Encourage them to find ways to better themselves. Passage 4 (24-25高二下·浙江温州环大罗山联盟·期末) Once upon a time, we were all question-asking experts. We started asking our parents numerous questions as kids. By preschool, our inquiries even reached the depths of science, philosophy, and the social order. Where does the sun go at night? Why doesn’t that man have a home like we do? 1 Then, at some point, our inquiring desires disappear. 2 An important factor is how the social environments surrounding us change as we age. Schools transform from a place for asking questions to one funded by our ability to answer them. We learn to sell ourselves on the job market by what we know, not what we don’t. And we recognize that society rewards the people who propose to have the answers. As such, one way to renew our inquiring spirit is to change the atmosphere. We can be braver about asking questions in public and encouraging others to pursue their curiosity, too. 3 When it comes to how we phrase questions, we are advised to open with less sensitive questions, favor follow-up questions, and keep questions open-ended. We can also practice asking questions of and for ourselves by keeping a running list of questions in a journal. 4 Finally, we could set aside time to ask absurd questions like “How would you accomplish a week’s work in two hours?” This type of questions forces us to break the boundaries of our comfort zone. In the world that does not look much as it did years ago, we must ask questions. 5 Great questions can open up our capacity to change because they allow us to draw people in, opening them up to sharing knowledge, ideas, and opinions. And they are also our primary means of learning about the world. In short, asking questions is the best way to deepen our understanding of the things that matter to our life. As any child could probably tell us if we asked. A．Why do rocks sink but ice floats? B．The questions depend on our attitudes and the situations. C．It is a high-payoff behavior especially in times of change. D．However, adults rarely remember such interesting questions. E．Why does the child’s urge to ask questions grow inactive in so many adults? F．It not only removes the publicity from question asking, but offers us a place to experiment. G．In that encouragement, we help create an environment where those around us feel safe to ask questions. Passage 5 (23-24高二下·浙江温州十校·期末) A Neurologist’s Tips to Protect Your Memory As we age, our memory declines. This is a fixed assumption for many people; however, according to neuroscientist Dr. Richard Restak, a neurologist and clinical professor, decline is not unavoidable. 1 . Here are some of his tips for developing and maintaining a healthy memory. Pay more attention. Some memory declines are actually attention problems, not memory problems. For instance, if you’ve forgotten the name of someone you met at a cocktail party, it could be because you were talking with several people at the time. One way to pay attention when you learn new information is to visualize the word. 2 . Play games. Dr. Restak’s “favorite working memory game” is 20 Questions — in which a group thinks of a person, place or object, and the other person, the questioner, asks 20 questions with a yes-or-no answer. To succeed, the questioner must hold all of the previous answers in memory in order to guess the correct answer. 3 . “Maintaining information and moving it around in your mind.” Restak wrote. Read more novels. One early indicator of memory issues, according to Dr. Restak, is giving up on fiction. “People, when they begin to have memory difficulties, tend to switch to reading nonfiction.” Fiction requires active engagement with the text, starting at the beginning and working through to the end. 4 . Storing everything on your phone means that “you don’t know it.” This can damage our own mental abilities. And the phone takes our focus away from the task at hand. Find regular everyday memory challenges. 5 . Dr. Restak suggested composing a grocery list and memorizing it. When you get to the store, don’t automatically pull out your list (or your phone) — instead, pick up everything according to your memory. Once in a while, get in the car without turning on your GPS, and try to navigate through the streets from memory. A．Beware of technology B．Sort out things on devices C．The point is to engage your working memory D．However, we can prevent the memory decline E．Ultimately, “we are what we can remember,” he said F．Having a picture associated with the word can improve recall G．There are many memory exercises that you can integrate into everyday life Passage 6 (23-24高二下·浙江杭州·期末) Stop Comparing Yourself to Others Theodore Roosevelt once said, “Comparison is the thief of joy.” But how can we stop playing the comparison game? Here are my tips. 1 Besides social media, are there any other situations that cause you to play the comparison game? Is there a certain person who is constantly showing off about this or that? Are there certain activities, like strolling (漫步) through a high-end shopping mall, that make you envious? 2 Write how each negatively affects you. Try to stop yourself next time. ● Remind yourself that other people’s “outsides” can’t be compared to your “insides.” Usually, you can’t use their outward appearance to judge the reality of their life. 3 You may have had the experience of being shocked when a couple that appeared to be happy and solid announce their divorce. Continue to wish others well, of course, but remind yourself that you don’t actually know what goes on behind closed doors. ● Repeat whenever necessary: “Money doesn’t buy happiness.” It’s well established that wealth isn’t associated with increased happiness. I used to dance flamenco at a fancy resort where very rich people go, and a manager there once told me she’d never seen so many unhappy people in her life. 4 Their inability to provide lasting contentment is usually more disappointing than anything else. ● Be grateful for the good in your life. If you commit yourself to being deeply grateful for what’s good in your life and remind yourself of it daily, you’ll be far less defenseless to comparison and envy. If someone or something triggers (引发) that ugly feeling of negative comparison, stop and remind yourself of what’s good in your life, right now. 5 A．There is so much. B．Identify the causes and control your envy. C．Use comparison to make yourself a better person. D．Money and things provide temporary boosts of joy. E．Make a list of who and what you frequently compare yourself to. F．Being envious of another person’s money may be a waste of time. G．People carefully select and share the social media versions of their lives. Passage 7 (23-24高二下·浙江衢州·期末) No matter where you are on the planet, the effects of the climate crisis are vast and real.  We know individual actions can only get us so far, and solving the issue of climate change is the job of governments. 1 Here are some tips for what we individuals can do to help work toward a more sustainable future. Switch to climate friendly home appliances By using home appliances and vehicles that run on electricity, we can help reduce our carbon footprint and leave more fossil fuels in the ground. Here are a few appliances to consider, such as clothing dryers with the  “Energy Star”  label and water heaters that use heat pump technology. 2 So don’t feel like you have to change out your appliances overnight. Instead, buy them as your existing machines wear out. Eat less meat Meat production is hard on the environment: It requires a lot of land to raise cattle —and globally, many forests are being cleared to make room for those animals. 3 If people could cut back their beef consumption, it could have a major impact on creating a more sustainable food system. Freeze produce you can’t use right away About 8% of greenhouse gas emissions come from wasted food, and roughly half of all food waste occurs during  “the consumption stage”. One of the best tools to help reduce wasted food? The freezer. If you’re not ready to use fresh fruit and vegetables right away,  freeze them. 4 Cut back on plastic The plastics problem is overwhelming. 5 Are you using a bottle of body wash?  Replace it with a bar of soap. Bring your own bags for groceries instead of packing your goods in plastic bags, or your favorite reusable cup to your local coffee shop. A．This locks in flavor and nutrients. B．But we also know that our decisions matter. C．And cows themselves release a lot of methane. D．That means we should not use the old appliances any more. E．Making these upgrades to your home and lifestyle will cost money. F．The most effective thing you can do is to figure out how much you use. G．So governments should make policies to solve climate change problem. 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 (23-24高二下·浙江温州环大罗山联盟·期末) Productivity can be a struggle for many of us. Overflowing email inboxes, housework, social obligations—it can be easy to feel overwhelmed. However, one simple tool that can help us stay on top of everything is the to-do list. 1 . Psychologist and author David Cohen highlights three key reasons why lists are beneficial. Firstly, they provide a respite (缓解) from chaos and anxiety that arise from having an endless stream of tasks. 2 Secondly, lists offer structure and guidance, giving us a plan to follow. And our brains are more likely to store information when it’s presented in an organized manner. Lastly, lists serve as proof of what we have achieved, which can help boost our sense of accomplishment and motivation. 3 Psychologists use this term to describe how we tend to remember unfinished tasks better than completed ones. A study conducted by researchers from Wake Forest University demonstrated the impact of the Zeigarnik effect on a group of participants. During the experiment, a warm-up task was interrupted halfway through, and only some individuals were allowed to make plans to finish it. The researchers discovered that the group who had the opportunity to plan experienced reduced anxiety and performed better in the subsequent task. 4 Thus, when we check off an item on our list, our brains can let go of it, allowing us to relax. In conclusion, it’s evident that lists are a valuable tool for maintaining control and organization in our lives. 5 By harnessing (利用) the power of lists, we can enhance our productivity and find greater peace of mind amidst life’s demands. A．Write it down, do the tasks and cross them off—simple! B．Another explanation for our attraction to lists lies in the “Zeigarnik Effect”. C．They alleviate stress, provide structure, and offer a sense of accomplishment. D．But the warm-up task remained an unchecked item on their mental to-do list. E．Meanwhile, the others still had the warm-up task stuck in their active memory. F．By writing everything down, we free up our minds and can focus on the task at hand. G．Additionally, the “Zeigarnik Effect” suggests that unfinished tasks can create a sense of mental tension. Passage 2 (23-24高二下·浙江宁波九校·期末) Practical Tips for Parenting Teens Teens spend a lot of time online. In fact, a report from Common Sense Media says that they spend nearly one-third of their day consuming media. According to a survey by Kaspersky Lab, many parents aren’t aware of what their kids are doing online. 1 . Begin conversations early. There’s no time like the present to begin speaking with your kids about their online behaviors. 2 . Remember, teens spend more than a third of their day online, so it’s imperative that we take time to provide parental guidance to help them navigate the virtual world. 3 . Parents often report that they feel like they lack the technical skills to keep up with their child’s online behaviors, but respectfully, I’d say that’s simply not true. It’s necessary to read parenting posts, set up Internet alerts and stay on top of the technological trends of the day. You don’t need to be an IT expert to be in the loop and keep current regarding what your kid does online. Also, there are many organizations that offer assistance and resources to help parents feel less intimidated and more connected. Search the Internet. Conduct random Internet searches of your kid’s full name and nicknames along with the location, like residential state or city, to see if you pull up any surprising information. Also, check for images and video in case your kid was tagged in a post he or she didn’t know about. If you find inappropriate content, work with your teen to get it removed immediately. 4 . Teach the basics. 5 . A great rule of thumb for teens is to treat others with the same respect and kindness online as they would offline. We live in a day and age where kids need our help understanding the complexities of interacting socially online and offline. And they want our help perhaps more than we may even know. A．Stay current with what’s trending. B．Keep up with kids’ online behaviors. C．If not, repeat the procedure until you find any. D．These conversations need to be a priority and occur regularly. E．If need be, contact the service provider to help take down the content. F．Fortunately, there are some ways to stay connected and keep kids safe. G．Kids should understand that device ownership comes with a high level of discipline. 主题03 人与社会——历史，社会与文化 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·浙江温州十校·期末) If you have magnificent goals but aren't sure how to make them a reality, this article is for you. 1 In this article, we will examine high achievers' mindset, their core values, and their approaches to challenges. High achievers' mindset. One thing that separates high achievers from underachievers is their mindset. High achievers think differently from the rest of us. 2 First of all, they have high standards. Second, they possess self-confidence, They believe in their abilities to handle whatever challenges they may face. Goal-oriented (导向) approach. To become an overachiever, set clear, specific, and relevant goals and use visualization (形象化) to paint a vivid picture of what you want to accomplish as your compass to guide and motivate your action. The next step is to break down your vision into proper goals. 3 Priorities (优先事项) . Setting priorities is your guide to the right path. To get started, remove your to-do list. It's so easy to get annoyed when dealing with a million things at once. 4 We all have a very limited amount of time, and not everything can be your priority. 5 It can really take your performance to another level. Though it is unwelcome to some, high achievement is unattainable without self-discipline. One of the best ways to become a high achiever is to set up an environment that supports your goals and leads you in the right direction. While routines might seem boring to some, they effectively streamline your actions, saving both time and effort. With a consistent daily schedule, there's no need to consider your next move. A．Self-discipline. B．Work-life balance. C．Stay flexible and bounce back when things get off track. D．If you copy key habits of high achievers, you will get similar results. E．This way of thinking pushes them forward, fueling their pursuit of success. F．Take a deep breath and start by identifying the most important tasks and goals. G．And these goals should be specific, relevant, and achievable within your control. Passage 2 (24-25高二下·浙江杭州联谊学校·期末) Whether you’re a social butterfly or a natural loner, science has discovered that chosen periods of solitude (独处) can boost our happiness by reducing stress and increasing feelings of personal freedom. 1 Here are four skills to master to enable you to be brilliant at being alone. Communicate to avoid hurting others. Saying you want to be alone can come with the risk of making loved ones feel rejected. But, without alone time, our social batteries can run low because we aren’t giving ourselves the chance to properly manage our thoughts and feelings. 2 Communicate openly about the importance of self-care and alone time. Encouraging others to also take moments for themselves can help normalise the practice and reduce feelings of rejection. Embrace “positive selfishness”. Once loved ones understand the benefits of alone time, you’re ready to embrace a positive kind of “selfishness”. It could involve lunch at your favourite café without inviting a friend or watching an eagerly anticipated film at the cinema without taking your partner. 3 Make time alone meaningful. It can be easy to worry about wasting our precious alone time. If scrolling on your phone or watching TV is too tempting when you’re alone, you shouldn’t feel guilty. 4 That includes rest. For many, TV and phones are a great way to take a rest from the pressures. If we don’t occasionally allow our minds to wander, then we can’t maximise our capacity to think. Plan solo (独自的) dates. 5 Forward-plan “solo dates”, for both practicality and joyful anticipation. Adding solo activities to your diary gives solitude equal importance to social occasions, and ensures you commit to and prioritise alone time regularly. A．Time alone is meaningful if it fulfils its purpose. B．Me time doesn’t just appear, you need to create it. C．So, can we learn to spend time alone for wellbeing? D．This can lead to stress in our interactions with others. E．Is there anything else we can do to avoid being judged? F．Whatever it may be, give yourself permission to please yourself. G．Solitude can be joyful, but stay attentive to the potential downsides. Passage 3 (23-24高二下·浙江温州平阳县万全综合高级中学·期末) How similar are language and music? Language is part of our daily lives, no matter where we live in the world. 1 Both language and music play a huge role in our culture and here are some of their similarities. Both language and music have a writing system. In English we record language using the alphabet, which is a collection of letters. Similarly, we use notes (音符) to keep a record of music. Musicians read notes and create meaning in the form of music. 2 By writing pieces of text or music, we are able to share experiences through time. We can read the ideas or hear the composition (作品) of someone who lived hundreds of years ago. 3 You can make a good guess at where someone is from by listening to the language he uses. In the same way, we know that styles of music are different around the world, giving us the opportunity to explore many different cultures through their music and providing us with music for every situation. Both share emotion. 4 Of course you may be able to see it in my face, but you will know for sure through my words. Similarly, music can sound angry, sad or happy. Music can show you exactly how the composer was or is feeling, and allows us to share that emotion. When you feel happy, you might want to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate your happiness. 5 I think we have all used music to express or process our emotions, often combining it with language in the form of song lyrics (歌词). A．Both are expressive. B．Similarly, music is part of many people's lives. C．So just as you read English, you can read music. D．We use language to express our thoughts. E．In contrast, you probably also listen to sad music when you are feeling down. F．How do you know that I am angry? G．Both vary with culture. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解（七选五） 主题01 人与自我——做人做事 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·浙江台州·期末) People develop nicknames for all sorts of reasons. While some nicknames (绰号) are fun and friendly, others can be unkind or hurtful. 1 But don’t worry — with the right methods, dropping an unwanted nickname is entirely possible. Here are some easy steps to help you reclaim your real name and establish how you wish to be addressed. 2 Think back to when the nickname first started. Who initiated it? Was it meant to be friendly, funny, or a little mean? The context determines your approach. For example, if a loving family member gave the nickname, you might explain your feelings gently, but if classmates used it to tease you, you can be more direct about wanting it to stop. Express your preference clearly. If you want to be called by your real name, express this preference openly and firmly. 1 For example, instead of saying, “You know, I don't really like being called ‘Sparky’,” try something like, “I prefer to be called [Your Full Name] from now on.” Stick to your request. This is crucial. You’ll likely need to remind them of your preference many times, especially in the beginning. 1 Gently correct them each time. A simple, “Actually, please call me [Your Name],” delivered calmly but consistently, can be very effective. Set boundaries. 1 If someone keeps using the nickname after you’ve asked him or her not to, you might need to set clear limits. This could involve politely leaving the conversation or restating your preference. Dropping an unwanted nickname takes time and effort. With patience and persistence, people will learn to respect your preferred name. A．Trace the origin story. B．Challenge the nickname. C．This can help you start a nickname-free life. D．This way, people are more likely to take it seriously. E．Once a nickname sticks, it can be difficult to change F．Be clear about what you will and will not respond to. G．Don’t get discouraged if people make the mistake repeatedly. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．D 4．G 5．F 【来源】浙江省台州市2024-2025学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了摆脱不友好绰号的方法。 1．根据上文“While some nicknames are fun and friendly, others can be unkind or hurtful.(虽然有些绰号很有趣、很友好，但也有一些是不友好或伤人的。)”说明了绰号的害处，再结合下文“But don’t worry — with the right methods, dropping an unwanted nickname is entirely possible.(但是不用担心，只要方法正确，去掉不想要的绰号是完全可能的。)”说明有方法可以摆脱不想要的绰号。E项“一旦绰号被叫开，就很难改变。” 承接上文绰号的负面性，又与下文 “解决方法”形成转折逻辑，符合语境。故选E项。 2．根据下文“Think back to when the nickname first started. Who initiated it? Was it meant to be friendly, funny, or a little mean? The context determines your approach. For example, if a loving family member gave the nickname, you might explain your feelings gently, but if classmates used it to tease you, you can be more direct about wanting it to stop.(回想一下这个绰号最初出现的时候。谁发起的？它是友好的，有趣的，还是有点刻薄？这决定了你的方法。例如，如果是一个有爱的家庭成员给你起的绰号，你可能会温和地解释你的感受，但如果是同学用它来取笑你，你可以更直接地想要停止它。)”可知，本段介绍要回溯绰号的起源。A项“追溯绰号的起源。”可概括本段内容。故选A项。 3．根据上文“If you want to be called by your real name, express this preference openly and firmly.(如果你想要别人叫你的真名，公开而坚定地表达你的偏好。)”说明要有自己坚定的立场，D项“这样一来，人们更可能认真对待。”衔接上文，说明“公开而坚定地表达你的偏好”可以达到的效果，衔接恰当。故选D项。 4．根据下文“Gently correct them each time.(每次都要温和地纠正他们。)”可知，空处需指明“them”指代的对象，G项“如果人们反复犯错，不要气馁。” 与下文“耐心纠正”形成顺承关系。“them”指代那些反复犯错的人们。故选G项。 5．根据小标题“Set boundaries.(设置界限)”及下文“If someone keeps using the nickname after you've asked him or her not to, you might need to set clear limits.( 如果有人在你要求他或她不要使用这个昵称之后仍然使用，你可能需要设置明确的限制。)”可知，本段说明了要设置明确的界限。F项“明确你会回应什么、不会回应什么。”是对“设定界限”的具体解释，符合段落核心内容。故选F项。 Passage 2 (24-25高二下·浙江浙南名校·期末) Helping people in need is a great way to make the world a better place. From the smallest acts of kindness to global humanitarian efforts, there are numerous ways in which you can help out your fellow humans. Donate money or supplies to an organization. Making a donation is one of the easiest and most effective ways to help others. 1 You may even have some unused items sitting around your home that could go to someone in need, like your unneeded furniture and clothing. Participate in local or online fundraising efforts. If you don’t have the money or goods to donate yourself, assist in fundraising resources from the people who do. Offer to help with fundraising for a local organization or business, or set up your own fundraiser. You can also spread the word about online fundraisers by sharing posts on social media. 2 Use your platform to raise awareness for social issues. Will you use social media and feel comfortable posting about political and social issues on your account? 3 You can spread important messages and increase the number of people who care about and contribute to a cause. Advocate for causes by sharing stories, fact-checked information, and routes for others to mobilize resources and take action. 4 There’s nothing wrong with deciding to help out others in a reactive way—for instance, donating money in response to a current emergency like a natural disaster, or political conflict. However, it’s equally important to consistently practice the skills to help others. For example, consider getting trained in CPR and other first aid methods. 5 Start with the simple things like holding the door for someone or offering a genuine compliment. Just take actions! A．Commit to reactive actions. B．Be active about gaining the skills. C．Using your voice online can be a powerful way. D．However, money isn’t the only thing that you can donate. E．So, the next time you see a GoFundMe, just click “Share!” F．Helping others doesn’t need to include novel ideas or grand gestures. G．It can be difficult to know exactly how to begin actively helping others. 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．C 4．B 5．F 【来源】浙江省温州市浙南名校2024-2025学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了帮助有需要的人的多种方式，包括向组织捐款捐物、参与募捐活动、利用平台提高社会问题关注度、学习助人技能以及从简单小事做起等。 1．根据上文“Making a donation is one of the easiest and most effective ways to help others.(捐款是帮助他人最简单有效的方式之一)”及下文“You may even have some unused items sitting around your home that could go to someone in need, like your unneeded furniture and clothing.(你甚至可能在家里有一些闲置物品，可以送给有需要的人，比如你不需要的家具和衣服)”可知，选项承上启下，引出后文关于捐赠物品的内容。D选项“然而，钱并不是你唯一可以捐赠的东西”符合语境，故选D。 2．根据上文 “Offer to help with fundraising for a local organization or business, or set up your own fundraiser. You can also spread the word about online fundraisers by sharing posts on social media.(主动为当地组织或企业的募捐活动提供帮助，或者自己组织募捐活动。你还可以通过在社交媒体上分享帖子来宣传线上募捐活动)”可知，承接前文，举例说明在社交媒体宣传线上募捐活动的具体做法。故E选项“一个众筹平台，只要点击“分享”！” 符合语境，故选E。 3．该段小标题是“Use your platform to raise awareness for social issues.(利用你的平台提高对社会问题的关注度)”根据上文“Will you use social media and feel comfortable posting about political and social issues on your account?(你会使用社交媒体并愿意在你的账号上发布政治和社会问题相关内容吗？)”及“You can spread important messages and increase the number of people who care about and contribute to a cause.(你可以传播重要信息，让更多人关心并为某项事业做贡献)”可知，选项与小标题呼应，说明在网上发声利用平台提高社会问题关注度，引出后文具体作用。C选项“在网上发声是一种强有力的方式” 符合语境，故选C。 4．根据下文“There’s nothing wrong with deciding to help out others in a reactive way... However, it’s equally important to consistently practice the skills to help others. For example, consider getting trained in CPR and other first aid methods.(以被动方式决定帮助他人并没有错…… 然而，持续练习帮助他人的技能同样重要。例如，可以考虑学习心肺复苏和其他急救方法)”可知，本段强调积极学习助人技能的重要性。B选项“积极获取技能”符合语境，故选B。 5．根据下文“Start with the simple things like holding the door for someone or offering a genuine compliment. Just take actions! (从简单的事情做起，比如为别人开门或真诚赞美。行动起来吧！)”可知，选项引出后文关于从简单小事做起帮助他人的内容。F选项“帮助他人不需要新奇的想法或宏大的举动”符合语境，故选F。 Passage 3 (24-25高二下·浙江金华十校·期末) It’s natural to compare yourself to others, and even envy them, if you hop on your social media for a few minutes. With just a few clicks, you’re flooded with vacation photos, updates, and ads. 1 In this article, we’ll teach you how to avoid certain triggers (触发因素) so you can stop comparing yourself to others. Identify your triggers and avoid them. To stop comparing yourself to others, pay attention to the people or events that trigger your behavior. Do you feel dissatisfaction with your life after looking at high-end goods? 2 Write down your comparative thoughts as soon as they happen so you can limit your exposure to these situations. Appreciate others instead of. envying them. 3 If you have friends who are highly achieving people, you might consider that their networks are full of people who might be able to help you become more successful in your life. Instead of envying their success, be supportive and use their success to your benefit. 4 Instead of focusing on your “weaknesses,” reflect on the areas you can improve. Take classes, workshops, or lessons to improve your skills, and don’t be afraid to ask other people for help along the way. By putting yourself first, you can promote your self-confidence and find your place and value. Talk to a trusted friend or family member. When you habitually compare yourself to others, you can feel even more inadequate or discouraged. Discuss your comparative behavior with a loved one to release any negative beliefs and help you process your emotions. 5 A．Build your self-confidence. B．Work on improving your abilities. C．Do you have a positive thought about yourself? D．Consider the advantage that others can bring you. E．You might be surprised to hear they feel the same way as you. F．Is there someone who always makes you feel bad about yourself? G．But it doesn’t mean you have to “keep up” to live a content and meaningful life. 【答案】1．G 2．F 3．D 4．B 5．E 【来源】浙江省金华十校2023-2024学年高二下学期期末调研考试英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。如果你在社交媒体上花几分钟时间，就会很自然地将自己与他人进行比较，甚至羡慕他们。文章主要教我们如何避免某些触发因素，这样我们就可以不再将自己与他人进行比较。 1．上文“It’s natural to compare yourself to others, and even envy them, if you hop on your social media for a few minutes. With just a few clicks, you’re flooded with vacation photos, updates, and ads.(如果你在社交媒体上花几分钟时间，就会很自然地将自己与他人进行比较，甚至羡慕他们。只需点击几下，你就会看到大量度假照片、更新和广告)”指出在社交媒体上花几分钟时间，就会很自然地将自己与他人进行比较，下文“In this article, we’ll teach you how to avoid certain triggers (触发因素) so you can stop comparing yourself to others.(在这篇文章中，我们将教你如何避免某些触发因素，这样你就可以不再将自己与他人进行比较。)”指出文章会教你如何避免某些触发因素，这样你就可以不再将自己与他人进行比较，由此可知，我们没必要与别人进行比较，G项“但这并不意味着你必须“跟上”才能过上充实而有意义的生活。”符合，故选G。 2．上文“To stop comparing yourself to others, pay attention to the people or events that trigger your behavior. Do you feel dissatisfaction with your life after looking at high-end goods? (为了停止将自己与他人进行比较，请关注引发您行为的人或事件。看到高端商品后，您是否对自己的生活感到不满？)”指出为了停止将自己与他人进行比较，我们应该关注引发您行为的人或事件，接着举例指出我们可能会出现的一些比较想法，下文“Write down your comparative thoughts as soon as they happen so you can limit your exposure to these situations.(一旦出现比较想法，就立即将其写下来，这样你就可以限制自己接触这些情况。)”指出出现比较想法该如何做，由此可知，空处承接上文，也应指出我们可能会出现的一些比较想法，F项“是否有人总是让你对自己感觉不好？”符合，故选F。 3．上文“Appreciate others instead of. envying them.(欣赏别人而不是嫉妒他们)”指出我们要欣赏别人，空处承接上文，指出该如何欣赏别人，D项“考虑一下别人能给你带来什么好处。”符合，故选D。 4．由下文“Instead of focusing on your “weaknesses,” reflect on the areas you can improve. Take classes, workshops, or lessons to improve your skills, and don’t be afraid to ask other people for help along the way. By putting yourself first, you can promote your self-confidence and find your place and value.(不要只关注自己的“弱点”，而要反思自己可以改进的地方。参加课程、研讨会或课程来提高自己的技能，不要害怕向其他人寻求帮助。把自己放在第一位，可以增强自信心，找到自己的位置和价值。)”可知，我们努力提高自己的能力。B项“努力提高自己的能力。”符合，故选B。 5．上文“Discuss your comparative behavior with a loved one to release any negative beliefs and help you process your emotions. (与所爱之人讨论你的比较行为，以释放任何消极信念并帮助你处理情绪)”指出与所爱之人讨论你的比较行为，空处承接上文，指出这么做会带来什么样的结果，E项“你可能会惊讶地听到他们和你有同样的感受。”符合，故选E。 Passage 4 (23-24高二下·浙江舟山·期末) How to Protect Your Eyes When Using a Computer Experts agree that spending time in front of a computer may cause eye strain. While eye strain typically isn’t harmful, it can cause bothersome symptoms like dry, watery eyes, sensitivity to light and neck or shoulder pain. 1 Research suggests that making simple changes may help prevent eye strain. Reposition reference materials. 2 If they are too low or too high, your eyes will have to refocus every time you glance at them, leading to eye fatigue. Actually, reference materials should be located above the keyboard and below the computer’s monitor. To help do this, use a document holder or a book to prop up materials a few inches and help rest your eyes. Blink every so often. We naturally blink about 20 times every minute, but when focusing on a screen this can drop by as much as half. This means your eyes are at much greater risk of drying out when working on the computer. You’ll have to be conscious of this and force yourself to blink. Deliberately blink every five seconds or so. 3 Every 20 minutes, look away from the screen for 20 seconds. Adjust your screen lighting. Your screen should be illuminated in relation to your environment. If you’re working in a brightly lit room, you can increase your brightness settings; if the room is dim, lower the settings. If your eyes are feeling strained, try adjusting your brightness settings in relation to your work environment. 4 5 Eye doctors use this term to describe the adverse effects of prolonged computer use. These symptoms are not permanent and should subside when you step away from the computer for a few hours. They can cause significant discomfort, however, and if ignored can lead to permanent eye problems. A．Fortunately, there is still a way out. B．Pause with computer vision syndrome. C．Have a break when eye strain happens. D．Improper position of materials can cause discomfort. E．If you find this too distracting, try taking breaks. F．During this time, you should blink or close your eyes. G．Anyway, your eyes often tell you what you should do. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．E 4．G 5．B 【来源】浙江省舟山市2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了使用电脑时保护眼睛的方法。 【详解】 1．根据上文“Experts agree that spending time in front of a computer may cause eye strain. While eye strain typically isn’t harmful, it can cause bothersome symptoms like dry, watery eyes, sensitivity to light and neck or shoulder pain.(专家一致认为，长时间坐在电脑前可能会导致眼睛疲劳。虽然眼睛疲劳通常是无害的，但它会导致令人烦恼的症状，比如眼睛干涩、流泪、对光敏感、脖子或肩膀疼痛)”以及后文“Research suggests that making simple changes may help prevent eye strain.(研究表明，做一些简单的改变可能有助于预防眼睛疲劳)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出有办法可以缓解眼睛疲劳的问题。故A选项“幸运的是，还有一条出路”符合语境，故选A。 2．根据标题“Reposition reference materials.(重新给材料放位置)”以及后文“If they are too low or too high, your eyes will have to refocus every time you glance at them, leading to eye fatigue. Actually, reference materials should be located above the keyboard and below the computer’s monitor. To help do this, use a document holder or a book to prop up materials a few inches and help rest your eyes.(如果它们太低或太高，你的眼睛在每次看它们时都必须重新聚焦，导致眼睛疲劳。实际上，参考资料应该放在键盘的上方和电脑显示器的下方。为了做到这一点，用一个文件柜或一本书来支撑几英寸的材料，帮助你的眼睛休息)”可知，本段的主旨是关于材料放置位置的建议，故D选项“材料放置位置不当会引起不适”符合语境，故选D。 3．根据上文“Deliberately blink every five seconds or so.(故意每五秒眨眼一次)”以及后文“Every 20 minutes, look away from the screen for 20 seconds.(每隔20分钟，把视线从屏幕上移开20秒)”可知，本句是在说明上文方法的具体运用。E选项中this指代上文“Deliberately blink every five seconds or so.”。故E选项“如果你觉得这太让人分心，试着休息一下”符合语境，故选E。 4．根据上文“If your eyes are feeling strained, try adjusting your brightness settings in relation to your work environment.(如果你的眼睛感到紧张，试着根据你的工作环境调整你的亮度设置)”可知，本段为本段最后一句，故承接上文，说明应该按照眼睛的状况进行亮度调整。故G选项“不管怎样，你的眼睛经常告诉你应该做什么”符合语境，故选G。 5．根据本段内容“Eye doctors use this term to describe the adverse effects of prolonged computer use. These symptoms are not permanent and should subside when you step away from the computer for a few hours. They can cause significant discomfort, however, and if ignored can lead to permanent eye problems.(眼科医生用这个词来描述长时间使用电脑的不良影响。这些症状不是永久性的，离开电脑几个小时后就会消失。然而，它们会引起严重的不适，如果忽视，可能会导致永久性的眼部问题)”可知，后文提到了离开电脑症状就会消失，本句主要说明后文提到的术语this term，指的是B选项中computer vision syndrome。故B选项“有电脑视觉综合症就暂停”符合语境，故选B。 Passage 5 (23-24高二下·浙江宁波慈溪·期末) How to spot misinformation online We’ve all seen it — an article online that seems absolutely crazy or unbelievable. 1 Misinformation isn’t just annoying, it can be false, misleading or even dangerous. But there’s good news: you have tools you can use to help sort through misinformation and identify what’s real and what’s fake. Pause and be skeptical about new information. Whenever you come across an article or post that you haven’t seen before, take a second to consider it. Don’t just scroll by accepting it as fact without exercising some skepticism first. 2 It’s better to investigate information to make sure it’s legal before spreading it around. 3 Look up the information at the source to see if it was actually published there. Double-check the date of the article or information to make sure it’s current and still accurate. Usually, the date is located next to the author of the article. Check to see if you can tell who the original author is. Find out who wrote the information by looking up the article or searching for their name. Check to see if the author is an expert who often covers the subject. If the author isn’t listed, it’s a sign that it could be false or misleading information. 4 Watch out for information that triggers a strong emotional response. 5 If you spot an article, a post or any other information that causes you to feel a super-strong emotion, be alerted. It could be a sign that it’s fake and designed to get a reaction out of you. A．It’s okay to be doubtful! B．Double-check the quote or the post. C．Confirm the source and date of the information. D．The thing is, there’s a lot of misinformation out there these days. E．If only one place is reporting something, the information may be false. F．Misinformation is often designed to make you feel angry, sad, or scared. G．An article by a registered doctor is more credible than one without an author mentioned. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．G 5．F 【来源】浙江省宁波市慈溪市2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了识别网上的错误信息的方法和建议。 1．根据空前的“We’ve all seen it——an article online that seems absolutely crazy or unbelievable.(我们都在网上看到过——一篇看起来绝对疯狂或令人难以置信的文章)”可知，我们在网上都看到过一些看起来绝对疯狂或令人难以置信的文章，结合空后的“Misinformation isn’t just annoying, it can be false, misleading or even dangerous.(错误信息不仅令人讨厌，还可能是虚假的、误导的，甚至是危险的)”可知，错误的信息会带来不好的影响，由此可推断，此空应讲述到与错误信息相关的内容，引出空后提到的错误信息，D选项“The thing is, there’s a lot of misinformation out there these days.(问题是，现在有很多错误的信息。)”引出了下文讲述的错误信息，符合语境。故选D项。 2．根据空前的“Don’t just scroll by accepting it as fact without exercising some skepticism first.(不要不先怀疑一下就把它当作事实来接受)”可知，此处建议先质疑所看到的信息，结合空后的“It’s better to investigate information to make sure it’s legal before spreading it around.(在传播信息之前，最好先调查一下，确保它是合法的)”可知，传播信息钱也要调查看到的信息，确保它的合法性，此处使用的是比较级，由此可推断，此空讲述的内容应与如何处理所看到的信息相关，A选项“It’s okay to be doubtful!(怀疑是可以的!)”讲述的内容是对空前内容的认可，且空后内容承接此选项讲述的内容，符合语境。故选A项。 3．分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的主题句，结合其它段落的主题句可知，此空应为祈使句，结合空后的“Look up the information at the source to see if it was actually published there.(在来源处查找信息，看看它是否真的在哪里发表过)”可知，本段应是建议查找信息来源相关，C选项“Confirm the source and date of the information.(确认信息的来源和日期。)”为祈使句，且讲述的内容与下文讲述的内容吻合，适合作为本段的主题句。故选C项。 4．根据本段的主题句“Check to see if you can tell who the original author is.(看看你是否能分辨出原作者是谁)”可知，本段建议分辨一下原作者是谁，结合空前的“If the author isn’t listed, it’s a sign that it could be false or misleading information.(如果作者没有列出，这是一个信号，它可能是虚假的或误导性的信息)”可知，一篇没有列出作者信息的内容很可能是虚假或者误导性的信息，G选项“An article by a registered doctor is more credible than one without an author mentioned.(一篇由注册医生撰写的文章比一篇没有作者的文章更可信。)”讲述的是出现作者的文章比没有作者的文章更可信，与本段主题一致，且是对空前内容的进一步确认。故选G项。 5．根据本段的主题句“Watch out for information that triggers a strong emotional response.(注意那些会引发强烈情绪反应的信息)”可知，本段建议注意那些会引发强烈情绪反应的信息，F选项“Misinformation is often designed to make you feel angry, sad, or scared.(错误信息通常是为了让你感到愤怒、悲伤或害怕。)”中表示情绪的“angry”，“sad”以及“scared”与主题句中的“emotional response”相呼应。故选F项。 Passage 6 (23-24高二下·浙江浙南名校·期末) The feeling like there’s no point trying anything since nothing feels good anymore has a name: anhedonia. While anhedonia appears similar to boredom, it’s distinct in that it’s usually coupled with a loss of motivation to even give things a try. 1 So what can be done to deal with it? Here’s how you can bounce back from this joyless state of mind. Keep a thought worksheet to investigate negative thinking. 2 They might have negative views of themselves, combined with negative views of the world and of the future. Keeping a thought worksheet can help restructure the beliefs. Write about a situation that happened, the moods you felt, and the automatic thoughts you had. Then write down evidence that supports the automatic thought driving the moods, and evidence that does not support it. 3 You’re looking not only at the negative aspects, but the neutral (中立的) and positive aspects. Keep a daily record of things you’re grateful for. Listing simple things you’re grateful for brings the forgotten positive aspects of our lives to the front of our mind. You may be grateful for having food on your plate, or having a pillow to rest your head on every night. 4 Try doing something you used to enjoy. It can be really discouraging to do things you usually love to do and find you no longer enjoy them. Take it easy. 5 Instead of seeking enjoyment, focus on leaving the activity with a more neutral perspective, such as, ‘I’ve done something to improve the way I feel. Start with small, manageable bursts of time, such as spending 15 minutes watching a TV show or walking outside. A．Replace negative thoughts with positive ones. B．Sometimes, this state of mind becomes problematic. C．Try approaching these activities with a different purpose. D．Try to do this every day, even if you only write down one or two things. E．People experiencing anhedonia often hold beliefs across three categories. F．Engage in important social connections even if you don’t feel like socializing. G．In doing so, you are positioning yourself to review all the information your brain is receiving. 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．G 4．D 5．C 【来源】浙江省浙南名校2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了如何应对一种名为“快感缺失”的心理状态，即患者失去乐趣和对事物的兴趣。文章提出了几种应对策略，包括记录负面思维、关注生活中的积极方面、尝试重新进行曾令自己愉快的活动等。 1．根据前文“While anhedonia appears similar to boredom, it’s distinct in that it’s usually coupled with a loss of motivation to even give things a try. (虽然快感缺失看起来与无聊相似，但它的不同之处在于，它通常伴随着失去尝试的动力)”可知，此处对“快感缺失”的症状进行解释，后文应该对其产生的结果进行说明。B选项“Sometimes, this state of mind becomes problematic.(有时候，这种心态会产生问题。)”中的“这种心态”指代前文的“伴随失去尝试的动力”这种状态，这种心态会产生问题。故选B。 2．根据后文“They might have negative views of themselves, combined with negative views of the world and of the future.(他们可能对自己有消极的看法，同时对世界和未来也有消极的看法)”可知，此处解释的是“快感缺失”的人会对自己、世界以及未来都有消极的看法，即经历“快感缺失”的人通常有三种类别的信念。E选项“People experiencing anhedonia often hold beliefs across three categories.(经历“快感缺失”的人通常有三种类别的信念。)”引起下文，符合语境。故选E。 3．根据前文“Write about a situation that happened, the moods you felt, and the automatic thoughts you had. Then write down evidence that supports the automatic thought driving the moods, and evidence that does not support it. (写下发生的情况，你当时的情绪，以及你产生的自动思维。然后列出支持这种自动思维的情绪的证据，以及不支持这种自动思维的证据)”可知，此处强调写下发生过的情况，描述自己的心情以及下意识的想法，写下支持和不支持这种自动想法的证据，后文应该解释这样做所带来的结果。G选项“In doing so, you are positioning yourself to review all the information your brain is receiving.(这样做可以帮助你审视大脑接收的所有信息。)”中的“so”指代前文的做法，带来的结果是可以帮助自己审视大脑所接受的所有信息，符合语境。故选G。 4．根据本段段旨“Keep a daily record of things you’re grateful for.(每天记录你感激的事情)”可知，本段强调记录每天要感激的事情的重要性。以及前文的“You may be grateful for having food on your plate, or having a pillow to rest your head on every night. (你可能会感激盘子里有食物，或者每晚有个枕头可以让你休息)”可知，此处列出了每天值得感激的一些小事。D选项“Try to do this every day, even if you only write down one or two things.(试着每天都这样做，即使你只写下一两件事。)”与前文呼应，“this”指代前文的“记录每天值得感激的小事”，建议尝试每天都这样做。故选D。 5．根据后文“Instead of seeking enjoyment, focus on leaving the activity with a more neutral perspective, such as, ‘I’ve done something to improve the way I feel. Start with small, manageable bursts of time, such as spending 15 minutes watching a TV show or walking outside.(与其寻求享受，不如专注于从一个更中性的角度来看待活动，例如，“我做了些事情来改善我的感觉。” 从小的、可管理的时间段开始，比如看15分钟的电视节目或户外散步)”可知，此处强调进行一些活动不仅仅只是出于乐趣的目的，而是以一种更中立的角度来完成，并举出具体事例。C选项“Try approaching these activities with a different purpose.(试着用不同的目的来进行这些活动。)”引起下文，指出试着用不同的目的来进行这些活动，即专注于以更中立的角度来完成活动，形成呼应。故选C。 Passage 7 (23-24高二下·浙江嘉兴·期末) Creativity is everywhere. We see it in the architecture of our buildings, the design of everyday objects like our phones, the clothes we wear, and the music we listen to. Being creative is enjoyable and productive. 1 So what can you practically do to help develop your creativity? Practice is crucial. One person who showed its importance was the artist Pablo Picasso. He is famous for creating daring new painting styles, but it wasn’t by accident. He spent years experimenting with the traditional rules of art. 2 Another way you can stimulate your creativity is by learning from others in your field. You can gain new insights and techniques by studying the works of other artists, designers, or professionals. 3 Additionally, interacting with fellow creatives can provide valuable feedback and support, helping you to grow and develop your skills. Creative people are also usually working in a field they love. They are generally more motivated by a love of what they do, rather than money. 4 Then enjoyment becomes the reward, which in turn motivates you to keep being creative. If you know your field inside out you will have the confidence to take risks and allow your creativity to blossom. 5 From techniques that allow your mind to think more originally, to learning from past creative masters, there are practical ways to help you use your imagination to create something original. If you direct your energy thoughtfully, you can learn to be more creative. A．Don’t hesitate to unlock your own creativity. B．This can involve attending workshops or reading books. C．Creativity is the engine that drives progress in every field. D．For some of us it comes naturally but others might need help. E．Creativity isn’t just for the arts, but can be applied in all areas of life. F．Thus, choose a field you enjoy rather than something you feel you ought to do. G．Eventually he produced ground-breaking works like Les Demoiselles d’Avignon. 【答案】1．D 2．G 3．B 4．F 5．A 【来源】浙江省嘉兴市2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末考试英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要给出了一些有助于提高创造力的方法。 1．根据上文“Creativity is everywhere. We see it in the architecture of our buildings, the design of everyday objects like our phones, the clothes we wear, and the music we listen to. Being creative is enjoyable and productive.(创造力无处不在。我们可以从建筑的结构、手机等日常用品的设计、我们穿的衣服和我们听的音乐中看到它。有创造力是令人愉快和富有成效的)”以及后文“So what can you practically do to help develop your creativity? (那么，你实际上可以做些什么来帮助发展你的创造力呢？)”可知，后文给出了发展创造力的方法，推测有些人的创造力并不是天生的，故D选项“对我们中的一些人来说，这是自然而然的，但其他人可能需要帮助”符合语境，故选D。 2．根据上文“Practice is crucial. One person who showed its importance was the artist Pablo Picasso. He is famous for creating daring new painting styles, but it wasn’t by accident. He spent years experimenting with the traditional rules of art.(练习是关键。艺术家巴勃罗·毕加索就是其中之一。他以创造大胆的新绘画风格而闻名，但这并非偶然。他花了数年时间试验传统的艺术规则)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，说明毕加索所取得的成就，G选项中he指代上文Pablo Picasso。故G选项“最终，他创作了《亚维尼翁的少女》等开创性作品”符合语境，故选G。 3．根据上文“Another way you can stimulate your creativity is by learning from others in your field. You can gain new insights and techniques by studying the works of other artists, designers, or professionals.(激发创造力的另一种方法是向你所在领域的其他人学习。通过研究其他艺术家、设计师或专业人士的作品，你可以获得新的见解和技巧)”以及后文“Additionally, interacting with fellow creatives can provide valuable feedback and support, helping you to grow and develop your skills.(此外，与其他创意人员互动可以提供有价值的反馈和支持，帮助你成长和发展你的技能)”可知，本句与后文都是在说明如何向其他人学习，来获得见解或技巧。故B选项“这可以包括参加研讨会或读书”符合语境，故选B。 4．根据上文“Creative people are also usually working in a field they love. They are generally more motivated by a love of what they do, rather than money.(有创造力的人通常也在他们喜欢的领域工作。他们通常更喜欢自己所做的事情，而不是金钱)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出要提高创造力应该从事喜欢的工作，故F选项“因此，选择一个你喜欢的领域，而不是你觉得你应该做的事情”符合语境，故选F。 5．根据后文“From techniques that allow your mind to think more originally, to learning from past creative masters, there are practical ways to help you use your imagination to create something original. If you direct your energy thoughtfully, you can learn to be more creative.(从让你的思维更具原创性的技巧，到向过去的创意大师学习，有一些实用的方法可以帮助你运用你的想象力来创造一些原创的东西。如果你深思熟虑地引导你的精力，你可以学会更有创造力)”可知，本段的主旨是通过运用想象力来创造，从而开发创造力。故A选项“不要犹豫打开你自己的创造力”符合语境，故选A。 Passage 8 (23-24高二下·浙江温州·期末) There are two types of skills that managers look for in the interviews with job seekers: soft skills and hard skills. 1 Soft skills, unlike hard skills, are usually inborn or gained through personal development. They cover key personality-based aspects of what makes someone a good fit for a given role. Some examples of soft skills include: dependability, positive attitude, listening skills, emotional intelligence and so on. Soft skills are extremely important for job seekers to be considered right for the position. 2 Soft skills are harder to teach. Personality features like listening skills and decision-making skills are not transferable skills in the same way that many technical abilities are. Employers value someone with strong communication skills and other soft skills because those skills are much harder to teach. Soft skills make hard skills easier to learn. 3 Specific skills like good verbal communication and dependability will make you ready to train hard skills, and thus grow quickly within a job. 4 If you are looking for a new job but don’t have much experience, showing your strong soft skills can ease doubt employers might have about you. A recent survey revealed that 89% of interviewers would choose an interviewee with excellent soft skills over one with experience. Employers see soft skills beneficial to a job seeker’s future growth and care er success. 5 A．Hard skills matter in the interview. B．Soft skills can help enrich experience. C．Here are reasons why soft skills are important. D．So, show them your soft skills in the interview. E．Soft skills can make up for a lack of experience. F．Having important soft skills helps you develop a set of hard skills. G．Hard skills are job-specific skills learned through training programs. 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．F 4．E 5．D 【来源】浙江省温州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末教学质量统一检测英语试题（B卷） 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了求职者的两种技能：软技能和硬技能以及软技能重要的原因。 1．根据上文“There are two types of skills that managers look for in the interviews with job seekers: soft skills and hard skills.(在面试中，经理们希望求职者具备两种技能：软技能和硬技能)”以及后文“Soft skills, unlike hard skills, are usually inborn or gained through personal development.(与硬技能不同，软技能通常是天生的，或者是通过个人发展获得的)”可知，空处应介绍硬技能的特点。故G选项“硬技能是指通过培训项目学到的特定于工作的技能”承上启下，符合语境，故选G。 2．根据上文“Some examples of soft skills include: dependability, positive attitude, listening skills, emotional intelligence and so on. Soft skills are extremely important for job seekers to be considered right for the position.(软技能的一些例子包括：可靠性，积极的态度，倾听技巧，情商等等。软技能对于求职者来说是非常重要的，因为它被认为是适合这个职位的)”结合后文主要列举了软技能重要的原因，故C选项“以下是为什么软技能很重要的原因”承接上文，引出下文各段落内容，符合语境，故选C。 3．根据上文“Soft skills make hard skills easier to learn.(软技能使困难的硬技能更容易学习)”以及后文“Specific skills like good verbal communication and dependability will make you ready to train hard skills, and thus grow quickly within a job.(像良好的口头沟通和可靠性这样的特殊技能会让你准备好接受艰苦的技能训练，从而在工作中迅速成长)”可知，空处应承接上文，说明软技能是如何使得硬技能更容易学习的，故F选项“拥有重要的软技能可以帮助你培养一套硬技能”承上启下，符合语境，故选F。 4．根据后文“If you are looking for a new job but don’t have much experience, showing your strong soft skills can ease doubt employers might have about you. A recent survey revealed that 89% of interviewers would choose an interviewee with excellent soft skills over one with experience.(如果你正在找一份新工作，但没有太多经验，展示你强大的软技能可以减轻雇主对你的怀疑。最近的一项调查显示，89%的面试官会选择具有优秀软技能的面试者，而不是有经验的面试者)”可知，本段主要说明了软技能在面试中可以弥补经验上的不足。故E选项“软技能可以弥补经验的不足”符合语境，适合作为段落主题句，故选E。 5．根据上文“Employers see soft skills beneficial to a job seeker’s future growth and care er success.(雇主认为软技能有利于求职者的未来发展和成功)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，与上文构成因果关系，指出应该面试展示软技能。故D选项“所以，在面试中向他们展示你的软技能”符合语境，故选D。 Passage 9 (23-24高二下·浙江台州·期末) Quite a few people turn to comfort foods when they’re feeling down or just need a little pick-me-up. 1 They, to some extent, provide eaters a sense of warmth and pleasure. But despite the name, do they actually comfort us? 2 As studies have found, the brain has “hedonic hotspots” — specialized regions that increase the rewarding feeling or “liking” of palatable (可口的) tastes, including sugary, fatty and salty foods. This can result in a dopamine (多巴胺) hit that strengthens a person’s motivation to seek palatable food rewards. Therefore, people might be encouraged by their brains to consume particular foods. But why are comfort foods generally somewhat unhealthy? Certain foods — sometimes referred to as “hyper-palatable” foods — arouse intense feelings of pleasure. They are generally easy to digest and are sweet, salty or rich. 3 So, a person’s brain tends not to want them in the same way it does a donut or a slice of pizza. Comfort foods are an attempt to feel content or a means of reducing stress, but it seems they are not always effective. In a survey of 2, 000 adults, one in four people admitted eating comfort foods at least five times a week, even though over half said those meals made them feel worse. So, why? People are aware that these foods are not nutritionally beneficial. 4 Some researches, however, have also found that comfort foods do have the ability to comfort us but just no more than any other food. Comfort foods can result in an immediate mood lift. 5 Individuals may just be giving comfort food credit for mood effects that would have occurred even in the absence of that particular food. A．It seems beneficial to make comfort foods. B．Healthy foods tend not to contain any of these elements. C．Comfort foods are often associated with carefree memories. D．The brain rewards people when they consume certain. foods. E．This leads to their feelings of regret and shame in the longer term. F．When feeling emotionally threatened, you often reach for comfort foods. G．Any other food, regardless of people’s desire, is also able to achieve the same outcome. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．E 5．G 【来源】浙江省台州市2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍安慰食物是否真的有作用以及人们吃安慰食物的原因。 1．上文“Quite a few people turn to comfort foods when they’re feeling down or just need a little pick-me-up.(相当多的人在情绪低落或只是需要一点提神的时候会转向安慰食物)”提到很多人情绪低落时会转向安慰食物，结合下文“They, to some extent, provide eaters a sense of warmth and pleasure.(它们在某种程度上为食客提供了一种温暖和愉悦的感觉)”可知，空处应是进一步阐述安慰食物，C项“安慰食物通常与无忧无虑的回忆联系在一起”符合语境，故选C。 2．根据下文“As studies have found, the brain has ‘hedonic hotspots’ — specialized regions that increase the rewarding feeling or ‘liking’ of palatable (可口的) tastes, including sugary, fatty and salty foods.(正如研究发现的那样，大脑有‘享乐热点’——一个专门的区域，可以增加对美味的奖励感或‘喜欢’，包括含糖、高脂肪和咸的食物)”可知，大脑有专门的区域增加对美味食物的奖励，D项“当人们食用某些食物时，大脑会给予奖励”符合语境，故选D。 3．上文“They are generally easy to digest and are sweet, salty or rich.(它们通常很容易消化，有甜的、咸的或丰富的)”提到有些安慰食物口味丰富，下文“So, a person’s brain tends not to want them in the same way it does a donut or a slice of pizza.(所以，一个人的大脑往往不会像想要甜甜圈或披萨一样想要它们)”提到，人们不想要吃这些食物，空处与下文是因果关系，所以空处应是说健康的食物不像安慰食物那样美味，所以人们不想吃这些，B项“健康食品往往不含这些元素”符合语境，下文中的“them”指代B项中“Healthy foods”，故选B。 4．根据上文“In a survey of 2, 000 adults, one in four people admitted eating comfort foods at least five times a week, even though over half said those meals made them feel worse. So, why? People are aware that these foods are not nutritionally beneficial.(在一项针对2000名成年人的调查中，四分之一的人承认每周至少吃五次安慰食物，尽管超过一半的人说这些食物让他们感觉更糟。所以，为什么？人们意识到这些食物没有营养价值)”可知，调查中人们虽然吃安慰食物，但这些食物让他们感觉更糟，因为他们意识到这些食物没有营养价值，空处位于段末，总结上文，E项“从长远来看，这会导致他们感到后悔和羞耻”符合语境，与上文“those meals made them feel worse”呼应，故选E。 5．根据上文“Some researches, however, have also found that comfort foods do have the ability to comfort us but just no more than any other food. Comfort foods can result in an immediate mood lift.(然而，一些研究也发现，安慰食物确实有安慰我们的能力，但并不比任何其他食物都强。安慰食物可以立即改善情绪)”可知，研究发现，安慰食物的作用并不比其他食物都强，并提到安慰食物可以立即改善情绪，空处应是接着说其他食物的作用，G项“任何其他食物，不管人们的欲望如何，也都能达到同样的结果”符合语境，故选G。 Passage 10 (23-24高二下·浙江丽水·期末) A quick browse of the FitTok tag reveals our madness with maximum fitness — couples lifting one another overhead, mums sprinting from room to room with pushchairs, which can make the average gymgoer feel hopeless. 1 Try these achievable goals. Find a diet that works Trendy diets are often extreme, but that’s not going to help you sustain a healthy lifestyle. “As a general standard your diet should consist of 20-30 per cent fat, 40-50 per cent carbs and 25-30 per cent protein,” says Farren Morgan, a military fitness coach. 2 Run a 5k You don’t have to run the length of Africa. Training for your local ParkRun — a weekly group 5k — is a great place to start. Fran Bungay says,“ 3 Alternating a minute running with a minute walking is fine to begin with. Once you can run for 20 minutes, try to push for 30.” Remove back pain “Spending all day at a desk can lead to tight hips, which may then lead to pain in the lower back and shoulders,” Clift says.“ 4 ” You can also try the knee twist. Lie on your back and bring your knees up to your chest, before slowly lowering them to the left and to the right while keeping your back flat on the floor. Make the gym a habit Studies have found that activity trackers can help people develop healthy routines over the long term, and that it always takes about 66 days to form a lasting habit. 5 A．Aim for three 20-minute training a week. B．It doesn’t have to be all or nothing, however. C．Squats help to strengthen your back and core, and will burn calories. D．Use the True Coach app to track your goals and receive personalized feedback. E．Get this right, and drink certain amount of water a day, and your body should adapt quickly. F．Yoga and Pilates can help, as well as taking regular breaks or investing in a standing desk. G．Use the Class Pass app to book fitness classes without having to commit to a full membership. 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．A 4．F 5．D 【来源】浙江省丽水市2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题（含听力） 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一些健身的方法。 1．由上文“A quick browse of the FitTok tag reveals our madness with maximum fitness—couples lifting one another overhead, mums sprinting from room to room with pushchairs, which can make the average gymgoer feel hopeless. (快速浏览一下FitTok标签，就会发现我们对最大健身的疯狂——情侣们在头顶上互相举起，妈妈们拿着婴儿车从一个房间跑到另一个房间，这会让普通的健身者感到绝望。)”可知，这里主要讲一些疯狂健身举动让普通的健身者望而却步。而B项It doesn’t have to be all or nothing, however.(然而，这并不一定是要么彻底干完，要么根本不干。)符合语境，其中however表示本句与上文形成转折关系，有承上作用。故选B项。 2．由上文“‘As a general standard your diet should consist of 20-30 per cent fat, 40-50 per cent carbs and25-30 per cent protein,’ says Farren Morgan, a military fitness coach. (军事健身教练法伦·摩根说：‘一般来说，你的饮食应该包括20%至30%的脂肪、40%至50%的碳水化合物和25%至30%的蛋白质。’)”可知，这里主要讲应该怎样搭配膳食，而E项Get this right, and drink certain amount of water a day, and your body should adapt quickly.(做到这一点，每天喝一定量的水，你的身体应该很快适应。)符合语境，其中this代指前文的膳食搭配，有承上作用。故选E项。 3．由下文“Alternating a minute running with a minute walking is fine to begin with. Once you can run for 20 minutes, try to push for30.(一开始，交替一分钟跑步和一分钟步行是很好的。一旦你能跑20分钟，试着推30分钟。)”可知，这里主要讲延长跑步时间，而A项Aim for three 20-minute training a week.(目标是每周进行三次20分钟的训练。)符合语境，其中20-minute training与下文 run for 20 minutes对应，a week与上文weekly对应，所以本句有承上启下作用。故选A项。 4．由上文“Spending all day at a desk can lead to tight hips, which may then lead to pain in the lower back and shoulders,(整天坐在办公桌前会导致臀部紧绷，进而导致下背部和肩部疼痛，)”这里主要讲整天坐在办公桌对下背部和肩部的坏处，而F项Yoga and Pilates can help, as well as taking regular breaks or investing in a standing desk.(瑜伽和普拉提可以起到帮助作用，还可以定期休息或投资一张立式办公桌。)符合句意，其中can help主要针对上句所提到的问题，所以有承上作用。故选F项。 5．由上文“Studies have found that activity trackers can help people develop healthy routines over the long term, and that it always takes about 66 days to form a lasting habit.(研究发现，运动追踪设备可以帮助人们长期养成健康的习惯，养成一个持久的习惯通常需要66天左右。)”可知，这里主要讲运动追踪设备可帮助人们长期养成健康的习惯，而D项Use the True Coach app to track your goals and receive personalized feedback.(使用True Coach应用程序跟踪您的目标并接收个性化反馈。)符合语境，其中track 与上文trackers 对应，有承上作用。故选D项。 Passage 11 (23-24高二下·浙江宁波·期末) The opening sentences of your essay are crucial; first impressions often matter. 1 Think of how you skim a magazine, reading a paragraph or two of each article that looks promising. If the early paragraphs interest you, you’ll continue reading. When writing your own introductory paragraph, assume you have limited words to attract your audience. Therefore, focus on making your initial lines especially interesting and well written. In some essays, a strong main point alone can attract readers. 2 The lead-in serves three key purposes: drawing readers’ attention, introducing the essay’s topic and tone, and paving the way for the thesis and essay outline. Here is some advice to help you avoid common lead-in errors. Make sure your lead-in clearly presents your main point. 3 To prevent a loose flow, use a bridging sentence or phrase between your lead-in and main point. Keep your lead-in brief. Long lead-ins in short essays often give the appearance of a tail wagging the dog. 4 Don’t make your introduction the biggest part of your essay. 5 Identify the related facts even though you know your readers know the assignment. If you are writing about a particular piece of literature or art, identify the title of the work and its author or artist, using the full name in the first reference. A．But how can we write a good sentence? B．But other times, using a lead-in can help. C．You might think of your essay as a clear, connected whole. D．Don’t assume your readers already know your subject matter. E．Use a brief, engaging introduction to establish your main point. F．A common issue is an interesting start but no clear link to the main point. G．Then, your essay‘s start must attract readers’ attention and keep them engaged. 【答案】1．G 2．B 3．F 4．E 5．D 【来源】浙江省宁波市2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】本文是说明文。详细解释了如何撰写引人入胜的文章开头，给出了相关的建议，并讨论了常见的错误和如何避免它们。 1．根据前文“The opening sentences of your essay are crucial; first impressions often matter.(你的文章开头的句子是至关重要的；第一印象通常很重要)”以及后文“Think of how you skim a magazine, reading a paragraph or two of each article that looks promising. If the early paragraphs interest you, you’ll continue reading.(想想你是如何浏览一本杂志的，读一到两段看起来很有希望的文章。如果你对前几段感兴趣，你会继续读下去)”可知，前文讲述开头句很重要，后文讲述一般只读一到两段，所以空处应是文章开头的重要性，所以G项“Then, your essay‘s start must attract readers’ attention and keep them engaged.(然后，你的文章的开头必须吸引读者的注意力，并让他们保持参与)”符合语境，承接上文，引出下文。故选G项。 2．根据前文“In some essays, a strong main point alone can attract readers.(在一些文章中，一个强有力的重点就可以吸引读者)”以及后文“The lead-in serves three key purposes: drawing readers’ attention, introducing the essay’s topic and tone, and paving the way for the thesis and essay outline.(导语有三个主要目的：吸引读者的注意力，介绍文章的主题和语气，为论文和文章大纲铺平道路)”可知，前文在讲述一个强有力的重点就可以吸引读者，后文介绍导语，所以空处应是过渡句，过渡到导语上来，B项“But other times, using a lead-in can help.(但其他时候，使用导语会有所帮助)”符合语境，和前文构成转折关系，同时引出下文。故选B项。 3．后文“The lead-in serves three key purposes: drawing readers’ attention, introducing the essay’s topic and tone, and paving the way for the thesis and essay outline.(为了防止不连贯，在导语和主旨之间使用一个衔接句子或短语)”提出了一个解决方法，所以空处应是提出了一个问题，F项“A common issue is an interesting start but no clear link to the main point.(一个常见的问题是开头很有趣，但与要点没有明确的联系)”符合文意，后文是对此问题的解决方法。故选F项。 4．根据前文“Keep your lead-in brief.(保持你的导语简短)”可知，本段主题是让导语要简短，所以E项“Use a brief, engaging introduction to establish your main point.(使用一个简短的，引人入胜的介绍来建立你的主要观点)”符合本段主题，其中brief为同词复现。故选E项。 5．空格处位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Identify the related facts even though you know your readers know the assignment. If you are writing about a particular piece of literature or art, identify the title of the work and its author or artist, using the full name in the first reference.(即使你知道你的读者知道你的任务，也要找出相关的事实。如果你写的是一篇特定的文学或艺术作品，要标明作品的标题和作者或艺术家，在第一个参考文献中使用全名)”可知，本段主要讲述了，主题要尽可能详细，所以D项“Don’t assume your readers already know your subject matter.(不要以为你的读者已经知道你的主题)”符合本段主题，为本段中心句。故选D项。 Passage 12 (23-24高二下·浙江湖州·期末) We all know that it’s important to stay healthy, and we often link health to exercise and diet. 1 Myopia or shortsightedness is becoming more common. It has reached epidemic levels in East Asia, Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, where approaching 90% of 18-year-olds are now short-sighted. 2 According to research looking at things that are close to us, such as books, for long periods of time damages our eyes. This is especially true while our eyes are still growing. Besides, looking at screens for extended periods can cause harm as well. So, what can we do to protect our eyes? 3 However, this isn’t always possible at school. In this case, we can follow a practical rule called the 20-20-20 rule. This says that every 20 minutes, we should spend 20 seconds looking at something at least 20 feet (six meters) away. This will help us to exercise our eyes properly. 4 There are many other common eye diseases, such as dry eye disease. This chronic problem can be caused by environmental factors. Some of these include blue light from screens as well as exposure to wind and air conditioning. Dry eye disease can result in burning pain and the feeling of something in the eye. 5 What you might need to do is to use hot compresses (敷布), carefully wash your eyelids and eyelashes, and use eye drops. However, there are different types of dry eye disease. So, if you think you have this problem, speak to your doctor for advice. A．The underlying reasons for this trend are clear. B．That may be related to reading for extended periods of time. C．As a part of this, we must consider the health of our eyes, too. D．Myopia isn’t the only problem we can have with our eyes, though. E．Once this problem appears, it can’t be cured, but it can be managed. F．Therefore, there is a concern that the health of our eyes might be at risk. G．The clearest thing is to spend more time on activities involving looking at varying distances. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．G 4．D 5．E 【来源】浙江省湖州市2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种眼睛疾病以及如何应对。 【详解】 1．根据上文“We all know that it’s important to stay healthy, and we often link health to exercise and diet. (我们都知道保持健康很重要，我们经常把健康与运动和饮食联系起来。)”以及下文“Myopia or shortsightedness is becoming more common. (近视眼变得越来越普遍。)”可知，空格处应该说明的是眼睛健康。选项C. As a part of this, we must consider the health of our eyes, too. (作为其中的一部分，我们也必须考虑到我们眼睛的健康。)说明的是眼睛健康，选项中的health of eyes与上文中的health相呼应，能够承上启下。故选C。 2．根据下文“According to research looking at things that are close to us, such as books, for long periods of time damages our eyes. This is especially true while our eyes are still growing. Besides, looking at screens for extended periods can cause harm as well. (根据研究，长时间看离我们很近的东西，比如书，会损害我们的眼睛。当我们的眼睛还在生长时，这一点尤其正确。此外，长时间盯着屏幕也会造成伤害。)”说明的是造成近视的原因，可知空格处需要总的说明引起近视的原因。选项A. The underlying reasons for this trend are clear. (这种趋势的根本原因是显而易见的。)能够引出下文。故选A。 3．根据上文“So, what can we do to protect our eyes? (那么，我们能做些什么来保护眼睛呢?)”以及下文“However, this isn’t always possible at school. (然而，这在学校并不总是可行的。)”可知，空格处说明的是保护眼睛的一种措施，但是这种措施在学校是不可行的。选项G. The clearest thing is to spend more time on activities involving looking at varying distances. (最明显的做法是花更多的时间在观察不同距离的活动上。)是保护眼睛的措施，但是在学校可能实行起来比较困难，所以选项G能够承上启下。故选G。 4．根据下文“There are many other common eye diseases, such as dry eye disease. (还有许多其他常见的眼病，如干眼病。)”可知，空格处应该说明不只是近视一种眼睛健康问题。选项D. Myopia isn’t the only problem we can have with our eyes, though. (不过，近视并不是我们眼睛的唯一问题。)中的the only problem与many other common eye diseases相呼应；能够引出下文。故选D。 5．根据上文“Dry eye disease can result in burning pain and the feeling of something in the eye. (干眼症会导致灼痛和眼睛里有东西的感觉。)”以及下文“What you might need to do is to use hot compresses (敷布), carefully wash your eyelids and eyelashes, and use eye drops. (你可能需要做的是使用热敷，仔细清洗眼睑和睫毛，并使用眼药水。)”可知，空格处进一步说明干眼症的危害。选项E. Once this problem appears, it can’t be cured, but it can be managed. (这个问题一旦出现，就无法治愈，但可以控制。)说明的是干眼症的危害，能够承上启下。故选E。 Passage 13 (24-25高二下·浙江嘉兴·期末) Several schools are trying to cut back on the use of slang (俚语). The Harris Academy in Upper Norwood is one school that’s taking action. Students there are banned from using terms such as coz (because), ain’t (isn’t/ aren’t, etc.) and yeah (yes). Signs have been put up with a list of banned words. 1 But why? The big problem is that many of these terms are appearing in written work. 2 The school explained that they don’t want the children to lose their identity, but to be able to communicate properly with people and be understood. “We are going to teach them the rules. 3 But we want them to know that when they are filling in application forms and speaking in a formal situation they should use Standard English,” said a teacher. So, what’s causing the problem? Firstly, slang is just about everywhere these days: in TV shows, songs, films, etc. And with more and more people using it in conversations with friends and coworkers, it’s becoming more acceptable. 4 Texting often involves using abbreviations or phonetic (语音的) forms of words, such as wot (what), dat (that), n (and), and gonna (going to). 5 It’s argued that the very nature of English is its flexibility and it’s a ban that would be impossible to achieve as there’s no official language police. The type of language that people use can’t be controlled. “The reason why English is so popular is that it develops and adapts well to fit the way it’s being used,” a language expert explained. Is the “war” on slang worth fighting? A．This puts many children at a severe disadvantage. B．No doubt the strength of English lies in its diversity. C．The increasing use of social media also has an effect. D．If they decide not to use these rules with friends, that is fine. E．A letter has also been sent to parents explaining the decision. F．The role of schools in developing language skills has raised doubt. G．However, many see any attempts to control language as pointless. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．G 【来源】浙江省嘉兴市2024-2025学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了很多学校禁止学生使用俚语及其原因。 1．根据上文“Signs have been put up with a list of banned words. (标牌上贴着一系列禁用词汇)”可知，学校正试图减少俚语的使用，标牌上贴着一系列禁用词汇，E项意为“还向家长发送了一封信，解释了这一决定”，选项能够承接上文，学校向家长发送了一封信，解释了为什么减少俚语的使用。故选E。 2．根据下文“The school explained that they don’t want the children to lose their identity, but to be able to communicate properly with people and be understood. (学校解释说，他们不希望孩子们失去自己的身份，而是希望他们能够与人正确沟通并被理解)”可知，俚语的使用导致孩子们不能够与人正确沟通，A项意为“这使许多孩子处于严重的不利地位”，选项能够引起下文，下文具体说明使孩子处于怎样的不利地位。故选A。 3．根据下文“But we want them to know that when they are filling in application forms and speaking in a formal situation they should use Standard English,” said a teacher. (但我们希望他们知道，当他们填写申请表并在正式场合发言时，他们应该使用标准英语，”一位老师说)”可知，至少在填写申请表并在正式场合发言时，应该使用标准英语，D项意为“如果他们决定不与朋友一起使用这些规则，那也没关系”，选项能够引起下文，即使孩子们决定不使用这些规则也没关系，但在填写申请表并在正式场合发言时，应该使用标准英语。故选D。 4．根据上文“Firstly, slang is just about everywhere these days: in TV shows, songs, films, etc. And with more and more people using it in conversations with friends and coworkers, it’s becoming more acceptable. (首先，如今俚语几乎无处不在：在电视节目、歌曲、电影等中。随着越来越多的人在与朋友和同事的对话中使用它，它变得越来越被接受)”可知，上文介绍了人们越来越多使用俚语的原因，C项意为“社交媒体的日益普及也产生了影响”，选项能够承接上文，社交媒体的日益普及也推动了俚语的使用。故选C。 5．根据下文“It’s argued that the very nature of English is its flexibility and it’s a ban that would be impossible to achieve as there’s no official language police. (有人认为，英语的本质是它的灵活性，这是一个不可能实现的禁令，因为没有官方语言警察)”可知，下文介绍了人们反对禁用俚语的原因，G项意为“然而，许多人认为任何控制语言的尝试都是毫无意义的”，选项能够引起下文，许多人认为任何控制语言的尝试都是毫无意义的，因为英语的本质是它的灵活性。故选G。 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·浙江衢州·期末) Once a tree seed takes root, it develops a stem that pushes out of the ground and eventually takes the familiar shape of a tree. 1 There are tens of thousands of different tree species, and species grow at different rates. For example, white oaks take decades to reach their full height of 100 feet or more. But they can live for up to 600 years. 2 They reach full height (20 to 30 feet) in about 10years but only live for 20. Coast redwoods are fast-growing, super tall, and long-lived. In early life, many climb more than 3 feet a year. Fully grown, they can soar more than 300 feet (about the same height as the Statue of Liberty). 3 However, they can live for over 1,000 years. Trees mature differently because each species is adapted to its specific habitat. A tree grows in particular kinds of soil and among certain animals and other plants. Throughout the seasons, it lives with temperatures and amounts of water and sun that don’t vary much from year to year. A tree may grow fast or slow-or tall or not-so-tall. 4 Severe weather can also affect tree growth by delivering the wrong amounts of sun, water, heat, or cold. If trees get what they need, they usually reach full height before they’re halfway through life. 5 Each year, their trunks, roots, and branches get wider. So basically, a tree is always growing and changing. That’s tree-rific! A．After that, they still grow in other ways. B．Gray birches grow as fast as 2 feet a year. C．Their leaf colors vary in different conditions. D．Those ways of growing help it survive in its habitat. E．It is interesting to know how long it takes for trees to grow. F．These giants complete much of their upward growth in their first 100 years. G．How long it takes to grow to its full height depends on many things — especially tree species! 【答案】1．G 2．B 3．F 4．D 5．A 【来源】浙江省衢州市2024-2025学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了不同树种生长速度和成熟情况存在差异，这取决于多种因素，包括树种本身、生长环境等，且树木即使达到一定高度后仍会以其他方式生长。 【详解】 1．根据下文“There are tens of thousands of different tree species, and species grow at different rates.(有成千上万种不同的树种，而且不同树种生长速度不同)”和下文“There are tens of thousands of different tree species, and species grow at different rates.(世界上有上万种不同的树种，且不同树种的生长速度各异)” 可知，树的生长与树种有关。G选项“长到完整高度需要多长时间取决于很多因素 —— 尤其是树种！” 符合语境，故选G。 2．根据上文“For example, white oaks take decades to reach their full height of 100 feet or more. But they can live for up to 600 years.(例如，白橡树需要几十年才能长到 100 英尺或更高的完整高度。但它们可以活到 600 年)”及下文“They reach full height (20 to 30 feet) in about 10 years but only live for 20.(它们在大约 10 年达到 20 - 30 英尺的完整高度，但仅活 20 年)” 可知，此处应介绍另一种树的生长速度。B选项“桦树每年能长 2 英尺那么快”符合语境，故选B。 3．根据上文“Coast redwoods are fast-growing, super tall, and long-lived. In early life, many climb more than 3 feet a year. Fully grown, they can soar more than 300 feet (about the same height as the Statue of Liberty).(海岸红杉生长迅速、极高且寿命长。在早期，许多每年能长高超过 3 英尺。完全长成后，它们能高达 300 多英尺（大约和自由女神像一样高）)” 可知，选项承接前文关于海岸红杉生长情况的描述，进一步说明其向上生长阶段。F选项“这些巨树在最初的 100 年里完成了大部分向上的生长” 符合语境，故选F。 4．根据上文“Trees mature differently because each species is adapted to its specific habitat. A tree grows in particular kinds of soil and among certain animals and other plants. Throughout the seasons, it lives with temperatures and amounts of water and sun that don’t vary much from year to year. A tree may grow fast or slow - or tall or not - so - tall.(树木成熟情况不同是因为每个物种都适应其特定栖息地。一棵树生长在特定的土壤中，与特定的动物和其他植物共生。一年四季，它所处的温度、水和阳光的量每年变化不大。一棵树可能长得快或慢 - 或高或不那么高)” 及下文 “Severe weather can also affect tree growth by delivering the wrong amounts of sun, water, heat, or cold.(恶劣天气也会通过提供不合适的阳光、水、热量或寒冷程度来影响树木生长)” 可知，选项承上启下，解释前文树木生长与栖息地的关系，引出后文恶劣天气对生长的影响。D选项“那些生长方式帮助它在栖息地生存” 符合语境，故选D。 5．根据上文“If trees get what they need, they usually reach full height before they’re halfway through life.(如果树木得到它们需要的东西，它们通常在生命过半之前达到完整高度)”以及下文 “Each year, their trunks, roots, and branches get wider.(每年，它们的树干、根和树枝会变粗)”可知，选项承上启下，引出后文树木树干、根和树枝变粗等其他生长方式。A选项“在那之后，它们仍然以其他方式生长” 符合语境，故选A。 Passage 2 (24-25高二下·浙江金华·期末) Decision fatigue (决策疲劳) is a psychological phenomenon where the quality of decisions declines after a long session of decision-making. 1 While many of us believe we are logical beings capable of weighing every option carefully, decision fatigue shows how our mental resources can be used up over time. One of the key studies on this phenomenon was conducted in the context of parole hearings (假释听证会). 2 As the day progressed and the judges made more decisions, they were increasingly likely to maintain their previous decisions, denying parole simply because it required less mental effort. 3 For instance, people often report struggling to decide what to eat for dinner after a long day. Similarly, too many choices, such as when people look through streaming platforms or online stores, can leave them feeling confused, leading them to abandon the process entirely or settle for a less satisfying option. To overcome decision fatigue, some well-known figures have adopted strategies to simplify their daily routines. 4 Similarly, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Albert Einstein was known for owning several similar suits to avoid wasting energy on deciding what to wear each day. Understanding decision fatigue can help us structure our lives more effectively. Prioritizing (优先) important decisions earlier in the day or setting up routines to minimize unnecessary choices are strategies to preserve mental energy. 5 A．This can have a wide range of consequences. B．Decision fatigue isn’t a problem that you face every day. C．Researchers found judges tended to approve of parole early in the day. D．Decision fatigue affects not only major choices but also everyday decisions. E．For example, a celebrity minimizes choices by wearing the same gray T-shirts. F．It is caused by the limited mental energy we have for making choices each day. G．This way, we can make sound decisions and reduce the stress from too many choices. 【答案】1．F 2．C 3．D 4．E 5．G 【来源】浙江省金华市2024-2025学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了决策疲劳这一心理现象，即长时间做决策后决策质量下降的情况，并探讨了其原因、影响及应对策略。 1．根据上文“Decision fatigue (决策疲劳) is a psychological phenomenon where the quality of decisions declines after a long session of decision-making.(决策疲劳是一种心理现象，指的是在长时间进行决策之后，决策的质量会下降)”可知，上文解释了决策疲劳的现象，本句承接上文，说明起因。故F选项“这是由我们每天用于做选择的有限精力所导致的”符合语境，故选F。 2．根据上文“One of the key studies on this phenomenon was conducted in the context of parole hearings (假释听证会).(关于这一现象的一项重要研究是在假释听证会的背景下进行的)”以及后文“As the day progressed and the judges made more decisions, they were increasingly likely to maintain their previous decisions, denying parole simply because it required less mental effort.(随着审判过程的推进，法官们做出了越来越多的裁决，他们也越来越倾向于维持之前的决定，拒绝给予假释，仅仅是因为这样做所需耗费的脑力更少)”可知，后文提到随着审判过程的推进，法官们会倾向于拒绝给予假释，推测本句是在说明批准假释的情况。故C选项“研究人员发现，法官在一天的早些时候更倾向于批准假释”符合语境，故选C。 3．根据后文“For instance, people often report struggling to decide what to eat for dinner after a long day. Similarly, too many choices, such as when people look through streaming platforms or online stores, can leave them feeling confused, leading them to abandon the process entirely or settle for a less satisfying option.(例如，人们常常会抱怨在忙碌了一整天之后，难以决定晚餐吃什么。同样地，过多的选择（比如当人们浏览流媒体平台或在线商店时）也会让他们感到困惑，导致他们完全放弃这个过程或者选择一个不太令人满意的选项)”可知，本段主要说明了决策疲劳对日常生活的影响。故D选项“决策疲劳不仅影响重大决策，也影响日常决策”符合语境，故选D。 4．根据上文“To overcome decision fatigue, some well-known figures have adopted strategies to simplify their daily routines.(为了克服决策疲劳，一些知名人士采取了简化日常事务的策略)”可知，本句主要针对知名人士简化日常事务进行举例说明，故E选项“例如，一位名人通过穿着同样的灰色T恤来减少选择的数量”符合语境，故选E。 5．根据上文“Understanding decision fatigue can help us structure our lives more effectively. Prioritizing (优先) important decisions earlier in the day or setting up routines to minimize unnecessary choices are strategies to preserve mental energy.(了解决策疲劳现象有助于我们更有效地规划生活。比如在一天中尽早处理重要决策，或者制定常规流程以减少不必要的选择，这些都是保持精力充沛的有效策略)”可知，本句承接上文，说明上述方法策略的好处和作用。故G选项“通过这种方式，我们能够做出明智的决策，并减轻过多选择带来的压力”符合语境，故选G。 Passage 3 (23-24高二下·浙江温州新力量·期末) Imagine that you are in a remote village somewhere with no medical clinic. 1 Once the doctors get to you, they examine you and take blood samples, but they won’t be able to help you until they take the samples back to the hospital to find out what is wrong. 2 Thanks to engineer Andy Ozcan, many people may never be in this situation. He has invented an app that turns your mobile phone into a diagnostic (诊断的) tool. Ozcan’s invention is important because it is very accurate and easy to use. In many remote places, even if doctors have microscopes and other instruments to help them make diagnoses, there may still be other problems. Many doctors, for example, don’t have enough training to correctly interpret what they see. 3 With Ozcan’s mobile phone app, health workers can take a special photo of a blood sample and send it to a central computer at a hospital. The computer will then automatically interpret the photo and send a diagnosis back in a few minutes. 4 His technology only requires a mobile phone and an Internet connection. As more than four billion people already have cell phones, the cost of establishing the diagnostic system is fairly low. By inventing a medical tool that uses existing technology—mobile phones—Ozcan has developed a medical tool that is both practical and economical. Therefore, it can be effectively almost anywhere. 5 A．As a result, they may diagnose illnesses incorrectly. B．People are trying to reduce the cost of this new medical tool. C．This tool has become much more popular all around the world. D．Another reason that Ozcan’s invention is important is that it is inexpensive. E．You become very sick and must wait days until a mobile medical unit arrives to help. F．Ozcan’s simple, cost-effective tool might just save millions of lives around the world. G．Even though you may only have a simple infection, you might die because of the delay. 【答案】1．E 2．G 3．A 4．D 5．F 【来源】浙江省温州新力量联盟2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试卷 【分析】本文为说明文。主要介绍了Andy Ozcan发明的一种将手机变成一种诊断工具的应用程序，这种发明很精确并易于使用。这种经济又实惠的医疗工具可以在世界的任何地方使用，能拯救全世界数百万人的生命。 1．根据上文“想象一下，你在一个偏僻的村庄没有医疗诊所”及下句“一旦医生找到你，他们会给你检查并取血样，但是直到他们把血样带回医院，找出问题所在，他们才能帮助你”可推断出生病了要等几天医疗队才来看病。E项：你病得很重，必须等上几天，直到一个流动医疗队赶到帮助你，承上启下，故选E。 2．根据上文的内容“如果你生病要等好几天医生才来看病，并送医院检查才能诊断”。其结果会导致耽误病情，G项“即使只是简单的小感染，可能也会因为耽搁而死”，与上文连接，故选G。 3．根据上文In many remote places. . . there may still be other problems. Many doctors, for example, don’t have enough training to correctly interpret what they see.可知，“在许多偏远的地方，即使医生有仪器帮忙，仍然会出现其他问题。例如，许多医生没有足够的培训来正确解释他们所看到的”，由此可判断出“这样可能会出现误诊”，A项(因此，他们可能错误地诊断疾病)是前面情况可能出现的结果。故选A。 4．第二段说Ozcan的发明重要的一个原因，此处应当是另一个原因。分析选项可知D项(Ozcan的发明之所以重要的另一个原因是它很便宜)应该是正确的。此处是这一段的主题句，根据本段的内容可知“Ozcan的发明成本相当低”。D项中的inexpensive与本段最后的fairly low同义。故选D。 5．根据上文Ozcan has developed a medical tool that is both practical and economical. Therefore, it can be effectively almost anywhere.“Ozcan研制了既实用又经济的医疗工具。因此, 它几乎可以在任何地方都有效”由此可推断出这种简单的、成本低的工具可以在全世界救人, F项(Ozcan的简单、有效的工具可能会拯救全世界数百万人的生命)符合本段内容。故选F。 主题03 人与社会——历史，社会与文化 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·浙江湖州·期末) Community service is more than a college application requirement — it’s a transformative experience that shapes character and offers real-world learning. 1 Yet many students approach it hesitantly, unsure how to make a meaningful impact or seeing it as an uninteresting obligation. This hesitation often comes from not knowing how to match their interests with service opportunities. The key is finding a project that fits both personal interests and community needs. For example, a group of high students noticed the lack of green spaces in their urban neighborhood, realizing a change was a must. 2 They researched local gardening methods, sought neighbors’ support, and spent countless weekends turning an abandoned lot into a lively community garden with flowers and vegetable patches. Successful community service usually involves teamwork. 3 By collaborating with local non-profits, schools, and businesses, students access what they couldn’t get alone. A team aiming to improve literacy in underprivileged areas partnered with a local library. The library provided books, while the students designed engaging reading programs for different age groups. Overcoming obstacles during community service is an unavoidable part in the process. 4 The students faced challenges like getting permits, handling limited funds, and persuading hesitant neighbors. These difficulties taught them problem-solving, patience, and communication. Similarly, those in the literacy project learned to adjust their teaching based on feedback. 5 Many students find hidden talents, like leadership or public speaking, as they take on roles in service projects. Helping others not only enriches the community but also brings a stronger sense of purpose and a deeper understanding of social issues. A．Creating the community garden wasn’t easy. B．Community service also offers self-discovery. C．They decided to act and started a project to change things. D．Joint efforts bring together resources and create greater impacts. E．It’s a chance to leave comfort zones and develop valuable life skills. F．This realization motivates them to take on more ambitious projects later. G．Cooperation in community service builds strong relationships and helps future projects. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 【来源】浙江省湖州市2024-2025学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了社区服务不仅是大学申请要求，更是塑造品格和提供现实学习的体验，还介绍了参与社区服务的要点及意义。 1．上文“Community service is more than a college application requirement — it’s a transformative experience that shapes character and offers real world learning.(社区服务不仅仅是大学申请的要求——它是一种改变人生的经历，塑造品格并提供现实世界的学习机会)”强调了社区服务的积极意义，E选项“It’s a chance to leave comfort zones and develop valuable life skills.(这是一个走出舒适区并培养宝贵生活技能的机会)”进一步阐述了社区服务的好处，与上文衔接紧密，都是在说明社区服务的价值。故选E项。 2．上文“For example, a group of high students noticed the lack of green spaces in their urban neighborhood, realizing a change was a must.(例如，一群高中生注意到他们所在城市社区缺乏绿地，意识到必须做出改变)”指出学生们意识到问题并觉得需要改变，C选项“They decided to act and started a project to change things.(他们决定采取行动，启动了一个项目来改变现状)”承接上文，表明学生们付诸行动，句中“They”与上文“a group of high students”构成指代关系，上下文逻辑连贯。故选C项。 3．上文“Successful community service usually involves teamwork.(成功的社区服务通常需要团队合作)”强调团队合作的重要性，D选项“Joint efforts bring together resources and create greater impacts.(共同努力可以汇聚资源并产生更大的影响)”解释了团队合作能带来的好处，即汇聚资源和产生更大影响，与上文逻辑相符。故选D项。 4．下文“The students faced challenges like getting permits, handling limited funds, and persuading hesitant neighbors.(学生们面临着诸如获得许可证、处理有限资金以及说服犹豫不决的邻居等挑战)”描述了创建社区花园过程中遇到的困难，A选项“Creating the community garden wasn’t easy.(创建社区花园并不容易)”引出下文关于困难的描述，与下文内容紧密相关。故选A项。 5．下文“Many students find hidden talents, like leadership or public speaking, as they take on roles in service projects.(许多学生在服务项目中承担角色时发现了自己隐藏的才能，如领导能力或公众演讲能力)”说明了社区服务能让学生实现自我发现，B选项“Community service also offers self discovery.(社区服务还提供自我发现的机会)”与下文内容相呼应，点明了该段的主题。故选B项。 Passage 2 (24-25高二下·浙江舟山·期末) What do you think about “regifting” — giving someone else a gift that you received before? Is it dishonest to pretend that you bought the gift for the person you’re giving it to? 1 Frankly speaking, regifting is something many of us have felt uncertain or hesitant about. Chances are that we get a gift that, however well-intentioned, just doesn’t match our needs or our lives and thus will go unused. So rather than have it add to household clutter or get thrown out, why not regift? 2 Gift-giving happens within a web of relationships, and there are feelings to be considered (“Where’s that purple scarf I knitted you last Christmas?”). Seriously uncomfortable social situations ought to be avoided (“Why is there a greeting card from someone else for you inside this gift box?”). There are times when integrity might require us to inform the original giver of our intention to regift, even if the conversation might be awkward. 3 We also hope it shouldn’t be something they’ll just regift again and again. But if you think about it, the three gifts the Magi brought to Jesus in Matthew 2 weren’t all that practical. If I got those three gifts, I’d probably keep the gold. 4 Keeping these considerations in mind, I say, “Re-gift away!” 5 In her book Braiding Sweetgrass, Robin Wall Kimmerer points out that in Indigenous and Native American cultures, the attitude toward giving is different: “Whatever we have been given is supposed to be given away again.” A．There are, of course, considerations. B．However, I’d probably regift the other two. C．To some extent, our unwillingness to regift is a cultural attitude. D．Sometimes, regifting can be seen as a smart way to save money. E．Regifting is a common practice in many cultures around the world. F．Is it also ungrateful to the person who gave it to you in the first place? G．And we hope that the person getting the regift actually needs and likes it. 【答案】1．F 2．A 3．G 4．B 5．C 【来源】浙江省舟山市2024-2025学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了转送礼物的合理性、需要考虑的因素及文化态度，并鼓励在合适时转送礼物 。 【详解】 1．上文“What do you think about ‘regifting’ — giving someone else a gift that you received before? Is it dishonest to pretend that you bought the gift for the person you’re giving it to?(你怎么看待“转送礼物”——把之前收到的礼物送给别人？假装你买的礼物是要送给对方，这是不诚实的吗)”说明提出关于转送礼物的两个问题，空处和前文为顺接关系，应继续围绕转送礼物提出相关问题。所以F项“对一开始就把礼物送给你的人来说，这也是不知感恩的吗？”符合语境。F选项中的also与上文中的两个问题相呼应，进一步提出关于转送礼物是否不知感恩的问题。故选F。 2．上文“So rather than have it add to household clutter or get thrown out, why not regift?(所以与其让它增加家里的杂乱或被扔掉，为什么不转送呢？)”说明提出与其让不合适的礼物闲置或丢弃，不如转送。下文“Gift-giving happens within a web of relationships, and there are feelings to be considered (“Where’s that purple scarf I knitted you last Christmas?”).(送礼发生在错综复杂的人际关系网络之中，而且有些情感因素也需要考虑在内（比如：“我去年圣诞节给你织的那条紫色围巾去哪儿了？” ）)”阐述转赠时需要考虑的人际关系和情感因素，如避免尴尬场景、告知原赠礼人等。空处和前文为顺接关系，并引出下文的内容。所以A项“当然，也有一些需要考虑的因素。”符合语境。A选项中的“considerations”与下文提到的各种需要考虑的情况相呼应，明确指出转赠存在需要考虑的因素，与后文的具体考量形成总分关系，衔接自然。故选A。 3．上文“There are times when integrity might require us to inform the original giver of our intention to regift, even if the conversation might be awkward.(有时候，为了保持正直，我们可能需要告诉最初送礼物的人我们打算转送，即使对话可能会很尴尬)”说明在转送礼物时，有时需要告知最初的送礼者。下文“We also hope it shouldn’t be something they’ll just regift again and again.(我们也希望这不会是一件他们会一再转送出去的东西)”中的“also hope”表明这是另一个希望达成的条件。空处和前文为顺接关系，说明我们希望收到转送礼物的人真正需要并且喜欢它。所以G项“我们希望收到转送礼物的人真正需要并且喜欢它。”符合语境。该选项以“And we hope”开头，与后文的“also hope”形成并列结构，共同说明转赠时对接受者的期望，即希望对方需要且喜欢礼物。故选G。 4．上文“But if you think about it, the three gifts the Magi brought to Jesus in Matthew 2 weren’t all that practical. If I got those three gifts, I’d probably keep the gold.(但如果你仔细想想，马太福音2中东方三博士带给耶稣的三件礼物并不都那么实用。如果我收到那三件礼物，我可能会留下金子)”说明通过对比东方三博士带给耶稣的三件礼物，作者表示自己可能会留下金子。空处和前文为转折关系，说明而其他两件礼物可能会被转送。所以B项“不过，我可能会转送其他两件。”符合语境。B选项中的“However”与上文形成转折，表明作者对其他两件礼物的处理方式与金子不同。故选B。 5．下文“In her book Braiding Sweetgrass, Robin Wall Kimmerer points out that in Indigenous and Native American cultures, the attitude toward giving is different: “Whatever we have been given is supposed to be given away again.”(在她的书《编织甜草》中，Robin Wall Kimmerer指出，在原住民和美洲原住民文化中，对给予的态度是不同的：“无论我们得到什么，都应该再次给予。”)”说明通过引用Robin Wall Kimmerer在书中的观点，说明在原住民和美洲原住民文化中，对给予的态度与我们的文化不同。空处和后文为总分关系，说明我们不愿意转送礼物在一定程度上是一种文化态度。所以C项“在某种程度上，我们不愿意转送礼物是一种文化态度。”符合语境。C选项中的“cultural attitude”与下文提到的原住民和美洲原住民文化中的给予态度相呼应。故选C。 Passage 3 (23-24高二下·浙江湖州德清县第一中学·期末) Some children are more energetic than others. As a mom, I know this first-hand, because my son has always been pretty active, but my daughter is on another level. 1 , I would probably be a millionaire (百万富翁). When she was young, it was even more challenging. That was because if we didn’t fit in enough activities, she would get bad-tempered. 2 Not only do they provide structure, but also they allow children to use their boundless energy in a way that’s healthy for their bodies and minds, You just need to find something that attracts them, so it’s fun and not a bother. We try several activities until my daughter finds her calling: gymnastics (体操). 3 , she is happier than ever, despite the long hours she spends training and the competition schedule which can be quite intense. I’m not pushing her, but I’m proudly supporting her every step of the way. 4 Here are several lessons I’ve learned that might help you if your kid is a bit too energetic: Accept that your child needs more physical activities than others. Find one sport or activity that he or she enjoys. If possible, find a school that has daily break time or offers regular PE classes. Work out the schedule for after-school activities that will allow your child to let off some steam, but don’t overdo it. 5 . And being overtired can also create problems related to school, sleep or behavior. A．Kids need time to relax. B．As I know I have a unique daughter. C．All I can do is to thank sports sincerely. D．She was more energetic than other girls. E．If I could gather up her energy and sell it. F．After she convinced her coach to let her compete. G．She found something where her high energy levels help her achieve her goals. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．F 4．G 5．A 【来源】浙江省德清县第一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章中作者结合自己女儿的例子说明了体育锻炼给孩子带来的好处。 1．根据上文“Some children are more energetic than others. As a mom, I know this first-hand, because my son has always been pretty active, but my daughter is on another level.(有些孩子比其他孩子精力充沛。作为一名母亲，我深知这一点，因为我的儿子一直都很活跃，但我的女儿在另一个层面上)”以及后文“I would probably be a millionaire(我可能会成为百万富翁)”可知，本句主要是在假设出售女儿的能量，好引出后文成为百万富翁。故E选项“如果我能收集她的能量并卖掉它”符合语境，故选E。 2．根据后文“Not only do they provide structure, but also they allow children to use their boundless energy in a way that’s healthy for their bodies and minds. You just need to find something that attracts them, so it’s fun and not a bother.(它们不仅提供了结构，而且还允许孩子们以一种对他们的身心健康有益的方式使用他们无限的能量。你只需要找到吸引他们的东西，这样既有趣又不麻烦)”可知，后文列举了某种东西给孩子带来的好处，可知本句为主旨句，说明这一事物具体是什么，后文they对应C选项sports。故C选项“我所能做的就是衷心感谢体育”符合语境，故选C。 3．根据上文“We try several activities until my daughter finds her calling: gymnastics (体操).(我们尝试了几种运动，直到我女儿找到了她的爱好：体操)”以及后文“she is happier than ever, despite the long hours she spends training and the competition schedule which can be quite intense. I’m not pushing her, but I’m proudly supporting her every step of the way.(她比以往任何时候都快乐，尽管她花了很长时间的训练和比赛日程，这可能是相当紧张的。我没有强迫她，但我很自豪地支持她的每一步)”可知，后文提到了女儿的训练过程，推测本句是在说明女儿参加体操锻炼的情况。故F选项“在她说服教练让她参加比赛之后”符合语境，故选F。 4．根据上文“I’m not pushing her, but I’m proudly supporting her every step of the way.(我没有强迫她，但我很自豪地支持她的每一步)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，说明女儿不需要强迫也可以自主从事这项活动，来实现自己的目标。故G选项“她发现自己精力充沛的地方能帮助她实现目标”符合语境，故选G。 5．根据后文“And being overtired can also create problems related to school, sleep or behavior.(过度疲劳也会造成与学习、睡眠或行为有关的问题)”可知，后文列举了过度疲劳导致的问题，推测本句是在说明需要放松。故A选项“孩子需要时间放松”符合语境，故选A。 主题01 人与自我——做人做事 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·浙江绍兴·期末) Big moments and decisions in our lives can make our stomachs drop. Moving somewhere new, getting married and starting a family are what we may be nervous about. Here are some ways to deal with your scares. ● Pause and Reflect Take a breath. Harvard professor Luana Marques suggests calming your nerves by meditating, taking a walk or talking to a friend. 1 If yes, would taking on the discomfort of a new thing get me closer to where I want to be in my career or relationships? ● Comfortable Zone Traps Not choosing is making a choice, too. Many clients who come to Tega Edwin, a St. Louis-based career counselor, have stayed in bad jobs for years, terrified they’ll fail or be equally miserable elsewhere. 2 For example, Edwin tells them that avoiding the unknown guarantees a bad outcome: the job you already know you hate. ● Danger ahead 3 Anne Mamaghani, a user experience consultant in San Jose, Calif. , felt torn when a recruiter presented a job opportunity that would have brought her near family in Indiana, exposed her to a new industry and boosted her title. The thought of wresting her two children, ages 10 and 13, from their school and community felt awful, though. She prioritized her children’s needs over career gains. ● Building Resilience (韧性) Learning to adapt to change can be like building a muscle. When Mark Smith moved to Toronto from Salt Lake City a few years ago with his family, panic hit him on the first day of his new job. “I just started thinking, what have I done?” he says. 4 That time abroad did bring him closer to his wife and son, he says, and proved his own resilience. Smith jumped at the chance when the family had an opportunity to move to Italy last year. This time, he says he felt no fear at all. A good life requires a few risks. 5 A．Sometimes you shouldn’t struggle ahead. B．A visit from friends brought him back to life. C．Immediate success is rare, but persistence pay s off. D．Staying passive traps us in predictable unhappiness. E．Obviously, true growth begins when we face discomfort. F．In fact, change often feels terrifying but proves rewarding. G．Ask yourself clearly: Is that something I want to do in future? 【答案】1．G 2．D 3．A 4．E 5．F 【来源】浙江省绍兴市2024-2025学年高二下学期期末调测英语试卷 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍生活中重大时刻和决定会让人紧张，并给出应对恐惧的方法，包括暂停反思、走出舒适区陷阱等。 1．根据上文“Take a breath. Harvard professor Luana Marques suggests calming your nerves by meditating, taking a walk or talking to a friend.(深呼吸一下。哈佛大学的卢安娜·马克斯教授建议可以通过冥想、散步或者与朋友交谈来缓解紧张情绪)”以及后文“If yes, would taking on the discomfort of a new thing get me closer to where I want to be in my career or relationships?(如果是的话，尝试接受新事物所带来的不适，这是否能让我更接近自己在事业或人际关系方面所期望达到的状态呢？)”可知，后文提到了回答是，推测本句为设问句，关于要做的事情的设问。故G选项“清楚地问问自己：这是未来我想做的事情吗？”符合语境，故选G。 2．根据上文“Not choosing is making a choice, too. Many clients who come to Tega Edwin, a St. Louis-based career counselor, have stayed in bad jobs for years, terrified they’ll fail or be equally miserable elsewhere.(不做出选择也是一种选择。许多来到圣路易斯市的特加·埃德温咨询公司寻求帮助的客户，多年来一直被困在糟糕的工作岗位上，他们害怕自己会失败，或者在其他地方也会同样痛苦不堪)”可知，上文提到害怕自己失败和痛苦，即产生了消极情绪。故D选项“一味消极会让我们陷入无趣的痛苦之中”符合语境，故选D。 3．根据后文“Anne Mamaghani, a user experience consultant in San Jose, Calif. , felt torn when a recruiter presented a job opportunity that would have brought her near family in Indiana, exposed her to a new industry and boosted her title. The thought of wresting her two children, ages 10 and 13, from their school and community felt awful, though. She prioritized her children’s needs over career gains.(安妮·马马加尼是加利福尼亚州圣何塞的一名用户体验顾问。当一位招聘人员向她介绍了一个能让她与印第安纳州的家人近在咫尺、让她接触新行业并提升职位的职位时，她感到左右为难。但想到要将两个年仅10岁和13岁的孩子从学校和社区带走，那种感觉实在糟糕。她把孩子的需求置于职业发展之上)”可知，后文“把孩子的需求置于职业发展之上”例子表明有时候不需要太过于积极向前，可以考虑其他人，故A选项“有时你不必一味向前冲”符合语境，故选A。 4．根据上文“Learning to adapt to change can be like building a muscle. When Mark Smith moved to Toronto from Salt Lake City a few years ago with his family, panic hit him on the first day of his new job. “I just started thinking, what have I done?” he says.(学会适应变化的过程就像锻炼肌肉一样。几年前，马克·史密斯带着家人从盐湖城搬到了多伦多。他刚开始这份新工作时，就感到一阵恐慌袭来。“我开始思考，我到底做了些什么？”他说道)”以及后文“That time abroad did bring him closer to his wife and son, he says, and proved his own resilience.(他说，那次出国的经历让他与妻子和儿子的关系更加亲密了，同时也证明了他自身的坚韧不拔)”可知，上文马克·史密斯从一开始的恐慌，到后来和家人关系更加亲密，说明了不适可以带来成长。故E选项“显然，真正的成长始于我们面对不适之时”符合语境，故选E。 5．根据上文“Smith jumped at the chance when the family had an opportunity to move to Italy last year. This time, he says he felt no fear at all. A good life requires a few risks.(去年全家有机会移居意大利时，史密斯抓住了这个机会。这一次，他说自己完全没有感到害怕。良好的生活往往需要承担一些风险)”可知，上文提到史密斯抓住了机会，提到良好的生活需要承担风险，本句为本段最后一句，对生活中发生改变给人带来的影响进行总结。故F选项“实际上，变化往往让人感到恐惧，但最终会带来回报”符合语境，故选F。 Passage 2 (24-25高二下·浙江宁波九校·期末) Patterns can be defined as predictable events or recurring responses to a specific situation. Our lives are often played out as a series of patterns. 1 Bad habits are patterns of behaviour that are deeply wired into our lifestyles because of constant repetition. These habits may include more harmless ones such as eating loudly or dumping your shoes on the floor instead of putting them in the closet; the more moderate ones include procrastination (拖延) and gossiping; and the more insidious ones such as gaming, drug, alcoholic addiction. 2 The adult brain can create new neurons (神经元) as well as trim and change existing neural pathways. Rewiring our brains to break patterns is possible. 3 Poverty comes with a host of problems and this elephant in the room cannot be ignored. There is no silver bullet to this complex problem, but thankfully, there are always rags-to-riches stories to show us it is possible and necessary to break the patterns of poverty. Arguably, there are patterns that are beneficial to our lives such as an exercise or study routine. 4 However, patterns create predictable results and when we choose to keep to outdated patterns, we limit ourselves to an expected outcome. 5 If the study routine one has been following is not inspiring and does not help one to achieve his or her goals, isn’t it better to discard it? James Dyson, the inventor of the first bagless vacuum cleaner, made no fewer than 5,000 changes to his innovation before he got it right. If following a pattern of doing things leads us to failure and stagnation (停滞), it is better to disrupt the pattern than continue with it. A．We need to put an end to them. B．We should certainly keep them. C．The cycle of poverty is a pattern that exists worldwide. D．It sometimes results in a sacrifice of growth and creativity. E．Breaking these patterns of behaviour is key to ending the habit. F．It is often not easy to break a pattern that has been rooted in a person or in a system. G．Most of us are stuck inside certain patterns, some of which are better broken than continued. 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．C 4．B 5．D 【来源】浙江省宁波市宁波九校2024-2025学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了生活中各种模式，包括坏习惯、贫困循环等有害模式及有益模式，阐述打破有害模式的重要性。 【详解】 1．根据上文“Patterns can be defined as predictable events or recurring responses to a specific situation. Our lives are often played out as a series of patterns. (模式可定义为对特定情况的可预测事件或重复反应。我们的生活往往以一系列模式展开。)”可知，此空应进一步说明人们在生活模式中的状态。G选项“Most of us are stuck inside certain patterns, some of which are better broken than continued. (我们大多数人被困在特定的模式中，其中一些模式最好被打破而不是继续下去。)”中的内容与上文相承接，同时引出下文对不同模式的讨论，符合语境。故选G项。 2．根据上文“These habits may include more harmless ones such as eating loudly or dumping your shoes on the floor instead of putting them in the closet; the more moderate ones include procrastination (拖延) and gossiping; and the more insidious ones such as gaming, drug, alcoholic addiction.”(这些习惯中，有些危害较小，比如吃饭吧唧嘴、把鞋子随手扔在地板上而不是放进鞋柜；中等程度的习惯包括拖延和八卦；而更隐蔽的恶习则有沉迷游戏、吸毒和酗酒。)可知，此处介绍了这些坏习惯的危害，结合下文“The adult brain can create new neurons (神经元) as well as trim and change existing neural pathways. Rewiring our brains to break patterns is possible. (成年大脑既能生成新的神经元，也能修剪和改变既有的神经通路。因此，重塑大脑以打破固有模式是可行的。)”可知，空处承上启下，应强调打破行为模式的作用。E选项“Breaking these patterns of behaviour is key to ending the habit. (打破这些行为模式是终结习惯的关键。)”中的“打破这些行为模式”与下文“重塑大脑以打破模式”相呼应，衔接上文对不同坏习惯的列举，符合语境。故选E项。 3．根据空后的“Poverty comes with a host of problems and this elephant in the room cannot be ignored. There is no silver bullet to this complex problem, but thankfully, there are always rags-to-riches stories to show us it is possible and necessary to break the patterns of poverty. (贫困往往伴随一系列问题，而这个不容忽视的棘手难题始终存在。虽然没有解决这一复杂问题的万全之策，但所幸总有白手起家的励志故事向我们证明：打破贫困的固有模式不仅可能，而且必要。)”可知，本段围绕贫困循环这一模式展开。C选项“The cycle of poverty is a pattern that exists worldwide. (贫困循环是一种在世界范围内存在的模式。)”直接点明本段核心话题，符合语境。故选C项。 4．根据上文“Arguably, there are patterns that are beneficial to our lives such as an exercise or study routine. (可以说，有些模式对我们的生活有益，例如锻炼或学习常规。)”可知，此空应说明对有益模式的态度。B选项“We should certainly keep them. (我们当然应该保留它们。)”中的“keep them与“beneficial to our lives”相呼应，符合语境。故选B项。 5．根据上文“However, patterns create predictable results and when we choose to keep to outdated patterns, we limit ourselves to an expected outcome. (然而，模式会产生可预测的结果，当我们选择坚持过时的模式时，我们就把自己限制在预期的结果中。)”可知，此空应进一步说明坚持过时模式的负面影响。D选项“It sometimes results in a sacrifice of growth and creativity. (它有时会导致牺牲成长和创造力。)”中的“It”指代“keep to outdated patterns”(坚持过时模式)，具体阐释坚持过时模式的影响，符合语境。故选D项。 Passage 3 (24-25高二下·浙江温州新力量·期末) There is no question that self-acceptance is critical to an individual’s happiness. As a mother, I want my kids to strive (努力) to deliver their very best, but at the same time, I want them to be able to accept their limitations. Today, I’ll share several self-acceptance exercises for children, which require your assistance. Remember self-acceptance is a long and ongoing journey even with these exercises. 1 The first exercise is discovering strengths. Children should be exposed to a variety of new things and creative activities so they can discover their strengths and interests. 2 Bring them to the library to research their new interests. Help them to understand that not everyone has the same strengths and that it is okay. 3 Take time to have conversations with your child about what they want to talk about. Even if you don’t take any interest in their favorite cartoon or stamp collecting, when they share it with you, allow them to talk. Your listening will help them know they are valuable and that you respect them. Allow change. Your child may express things they don’t like about themselves; that’s okay. We all have things about ourselves that we don’t like and want to change. Talk to your child about this. 4 Then support their efforts in making a change. Help them understand that improving takes work and that it is a choice we get to make. My grandmother used to tell me to just try my best. I pass this same message on to my kids but with a reminder: 5 After all, life is all about balance. Children have to be able to strive for excellence and be content with themselves even if they don’t meet their own high standards. Tell them they can always try again, if they want to. A．Notice what they like. B．Engage in open communication. C．Try your best and then just be satisfied. D．Be patient with your child in this process. E．Focus on the positive aspects of your child. F．Help them realize that wanting to share is normal. G．Encourage them to find ways to better themselves. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．G 5．C 【来源】浙江省温州市新力量2024-2025学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕 “帮助孩子进行自我接纳”展开，通过具体的练习方法和理念阐述，向家长提供可操作的指导。 1．由上文“Remember self-acceptance is a long and ongoing journey even with these exercises.(记住，即使有这些练习，自我接纳也是一个漫长而持续的过程)”可知，此处强调自我接纳的长期性，空格处需体现耐心的重要性，D项Be patient with your child in this process.(在这个过程中对孩子要有耐心)符合语境，this process指代前文long and ongoing journey，呼应“需要时间”的核心观点。故选D项。 2．由上文“Children should be exposed to a variety of new things and creative activities so they can discover their strengths and interests.(应该让孩子接触各种新事物和创造性活动，这样他们才能发现自己的优势和兴趣)”可知，此处建议通过体验发现优势，空格处需衔接对孩子喜好的观察，A项Notice what they like.(注意他们喜欢什么)符合语境，what they like对应后文new interests，引导家长在孩子接触新事物后关注其偏好，形成“体验 —— 观察”的逻辑链条。故选A项。 3．由下文“Take time to have conversations with your child about what they want to talk about. Even if you don’t take any interest in their favorite cartoon or stamp collecting, when they share it with you, allow them to talk. Your listening will help them know they are valuable and that you respect them.(花点时间和你的孩子谈谈他们想谈什么。即使你对他们最喜欢的卡通或集邮不感兴趣，当他们与你分享时，也要让他们说话。你的倾听会帮助他们知道他们是有价值的，你尊重他们)”可知，此段强调沟通的开放性，B项Engage in open communication.(进行开放式沟通)符合语境，作为段落标题总领“倾听孩子想谈的内容”的具体做法，open communication体现“允许孩子自由表达”的核心。故选B项。 4．由上文“Your child may express things they don’t like about themselves; that’s okay. We all have things about ourselves that we don’t like and want to change. Talk to your child about this. (你的孩子可能会表达他们不喜欢自己的东西；没关系。我们都有自己不喜欢和想改变的地方。和你的孩子谈谈这件事)”及下文“Then support their efforts in making a change.(然后支持他们做出改变的努力)”可知，此处需衔接“谈论不喜欢的部分”与“支持改变”的中间步骤，G 项“Encourage them to find ways to better themselves.(鼓励他们找到完善自我的方法)”符合语境，better themselves承接want to change的意愿，引出“支持努力”的后续行动，形成“认可意愿 —— 鼓励方法 —— 支持行动”的连贯流程。故选G项。 5．由上文“My grandmother used to tell me to just try my best. I pass this same message on to my kids but with a reminder:(我祖母过去常告诉我要尽最大努力。我把同样的信息传递给我的孩子，但要提醒他们)” 可知，此处需补充“尽最大努力”之外的提醒内容，C项Try your best and then just be satisfied.(尽你最大的努力，然后就感到满足吧)符合语境，then just be satisfied呼应段落首句balance，强调在追求卓越的同时接纳结果，与“即使未达高标准也能知足”的后文论述一致。故选C项。 Passage 4 (24-25高二下·浙江温州环大罗山联盟·期末) Once upon a time, we were all question-asking experts. We started asking our parents numerous questions as kids. By preschool, our inquiries even reached the depths of science, philosophy, and the social order. Where does the sun go at night? Why doesn’t that man have a home like we do? 1 Then, at some point, our inquiring desires disappear. 2 An important factor is how the social environments surrounding us change as we age. Schools transform from a place for asking questions to one funded by our ability to answer them. We learn to sell ourselves on the job market by what we know, not what we don’t. And we recognize that society rewards the people who propose to have the answers. As such, one way to renew our inquiring spirit is to change the atmosphere. We can be braver about asking questions in public and encouraging others to pursue their curiosity, too. 3 When it comes to how we phrase questions, we are advised to open with less sensitive questions, favor follow-up questions, and keep questions open-ended. We can also practice asking questions of and for ourselves by keeping a running list of questions in a journal. 4 Finally, we could set aside time to ask absurd questions like “How would you accomplish a week’s work in two hours?” This type of questions forces us to break the boundaries of our comfort zone. In the world that does not look much as it did years ago, we must ask questions. 5 Great questions can open up our capacity to change because they allow us to draw people in, opening them up to sharing knowledge, ideas, and opinions. And they are also our primary means of learning about the world. In short, asking questions is the best way to deepen our understanding of the things that matter to our life. As any child could probably tell us if we asked. A．Why do rocks sink but ice floats? B．The questions depend on our attitudes and the situations. C．It is a high-payoff behavior especially in times of change. D．However, adults rarely remember such interesting questions. E．Why does the child’s urge to ask questions grow inactive in so many adults? F．It not only removes the publicity from question asking, but offers us a place to experiment. G．In that encouragement, we help create an environment where those around us feel safe to ask questions. 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．G 4．F 5．C 【来源】浙江省温州市环大罗山联盟2024-2025学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了人们为何随着年龄增长逐渐失去提问的习惯，并提出了重拾提问精神的方法与意义。 1．上文“Where does the sun go at night? Why doesn’t that man have a home like we do?(“太阳晚上去哪了？”“为什么那个人没有家？”)”列举孩子提出的科学与哲学问题，空格处需延续“儿童提问”的举例逻辑。 选项A“Why do rocks sink but ice floats?(为什么岩石下沉而冰漂浮？)”属于典型的儿童科学疑问，与前文“Where does the sun go at night?”形成并列的问题举例，符合段落“用具体问题论证儿童提问能力”的语境。故选A。 2．上文指出“Then, at some point, our inquiring desires disappear.(我们的询问欲望在某个时刻消失)”，下文“An important factor is how the social environments surrounding us change as we age.(一个重要的因素是我们周围的社会环境如何随着年龄的增长而变化)”分析“社会环境变化”是主因。 选项E“Why does the child’s urge to ask questions grow inactive in so many adults?(为什么许多成年人失去了儿童时期的提问冲动？)”以疑问句形式承上启下，既呼应“询问欲望消失”的现象，又引出后文对原因的分析。故选E。 3．上文提出“We can be braver about asking questions in public and encouraging others to pursue their curiosity, too.(我们可以更勇敢地在公共场合提问，并鼓励别人去追求他们的好奇心)”这种更新询问精神的方法。 选项G“In that encouragement, we help create an environment where those around us feel safe to ask questions.(在这种鼓励中，我们帮助创造一个让周围人感到安全提问的环境)”中，“encouragement”复现前文“encouraging others”，“create an environment”具体说明“改变氛围”的结果。故选G。 4．上文建议“We can also practice asking questions of and for ourselves by keeping a running list of questions in a journal.(我们也可以通过在日记中记录一系列问题来练习向自己提问) ”。 选项F“It not only removes the publicity from question asking, but offers us a place to experiment.(它不仅消除了提问的公开压力，还为我们提供了实验的空间)”中，“it”指代“记日记”的行为，“removes the publicity”对应“私下记录问题”，“offers us a place to experiment”解释记日记对提问练习的作用。故选F。 5．上文“In the world that does not look much as it did years ago, we must ask questions.(在一个与多年前大不相同的世界里，我们必须提出问题)”强调在变化的世界中必须提问，下文“Great questions can open up our capacity to change because they allow us to draw people in, opening them up to sharing knowledge, ideas, and opinions.(好的问题可以打开我们改变的能力，因为它们允许我们吸引人们，让他们分享知识、想法和观点)”阐述好问题能打开改变的能力，是学习世界的主要方式。 选项C“It is a high-payoff behavior especially in times of change.(这是一种高回报的行为，尤其是在变革时期)”中，“high-payoff behavior”概括提问的价值，“in times of change”呼应上文“the world that does not look much as it did years ago”，同时引出后文对提问具体好处的论述，起到承上启下的作用。故选C。 Passage 5 (23-24高二下·浙江温州十校·期末) A Neurologist’s Tips to Protect Your Memory As we age, our memory declines. This is a fixed assumption for many people; however, according to neuroscientist Dr. Richard Restak, a neurologist and clinical professor, decline is not unavoidable. 1 . Here are some of his tips for developing and maintaining a healthy memory. Pay more attention. Some memory declines are actually attention problems, not memory problems. For instance, if you’ve forgotten the name of someone you met at a cocktail party, it could be because you were talking with several people at the time. One way to pay attention when you learn new information is to visualize the word. 2 . Play games. Dr. Restak’s “favorite working memory game” is 20 Questions — in which a group thinks of a person, place or object, and the other person, the questioner, asks 20 questions with a yes-or-no answer. To succeed, the questioner must hold all of the previous answers in memory in order to guess the correct answer. 3 . “Maintaining information and moving it around in your mind.” Restak wrote. Read more novels. One early indicator of memory issues, according to Dr. Restak, is giving up on fiction. “People, when they begin to have memory difficulties, tend to switch to reading nonfiction.” Fiction requires active engagement with the text, starting at the beginning and working through to the end. 4 . Storing everything on your phone means that “you don’t know it.” This can damage our own mental abilities. And the phone takes our focus away from the task at hand. Find regular everyday memory challenges. 5 . Dr. Restak suggested composing a grocery list and memorizing it. When you get to the store, don’t automatically pull out your list (or your phone) — instead, pick up everything according to your memory. Once in a while, get in the car without turning on your GPS, and try to navigate through the streets from memory. A．Beware of technology B．Sort out things on devices C．The point is to engage your working memory D．However, we can prevent the memory decline E．Ultimately, “we are what we can remember,” he said F．Having a picture associated with the word can improve recall G．There are many memory exercises that you can integrate into everyday life 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．C 4．A 5．G 【来源】浙江省温州十校2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讨论了如何保护和提高记忆力的方法，如更加专注于学习新信息，通过视觉化单词来提高注意力；玩记忆游戏等。 1．根据前文“As we age, our memory declines. This is a fixed assumption for many people; however, according to neuroscientist Dr. Richard Restak, a neurologist and clinical professor, decline is not unavoidable. (随着年龄的增长，我们的记忆力会衰退。对许多人来说，这是一个固定的假设；然而，根据神经学家和临床教授、神经学家理查德·雷斯塔克博士的说法，衰退并非不可避免。)”可知，神经学家和临床教授、神经学家理查德·雷斯塔克博士的说法，记忆衰退并非不可避免，在记忆衰退的过程中，我们最终就成为了我们所能够记忆的样子。E选项“Ultimately, “we are what we can remember,” he said(他最终说：“我们就是我们所能记忆的东西。”)”承接前文，指出在记忆的衰退过程中，最终我们变成了我们能够记忆的样子，该选项符合语境。故选E。 2．根据前文的“One way to pay attention when you learn new information is to visualize the word.( 当你学习新信息时，集中注意力的一种方法是将单词形象化。)”可知，此处强调的是将单词形象化。后文应该对该方法进行具体举例说明。F选项“Having a picture associated with the word can improve recall(与单词相关的图片可以提高记忆力)”中，强调将单词与相关的图片联系到一起，即解释的事单词的形象化。该选项承接前文，符合语境。故选F。 3．根据本段最后一句“Maintaining information and moving it around in your mind.(保持信息并在大脑中移动。)”可知，这里强调的是要让你的大脑活跃起来。C选项“The point is to engage your working memory(关键是要调动你的工作记忆)”强调的是调动你的工作记忆，让大脑运转起来，符合语境。故选C。 4．根据后文中“Storing everything on your phone means that “you don’t know it.” This can damage our own mental abilities. And the phone takes our focus away from the task at hand.( 把所有东西都存到手机上意味着“你不知道”。这会损害我们自己的心智能力。手机会分散我们手头工作的注意力。)”可知，本段强调的是避免将所有的信息都通过手机（科技技术）来存储，这样会分散自己手头上的注意力，降低自己的记忆。A选项“Beware of technology(小心技术)”概括本段内容，强调“小心技术”符合语境。故选A。 5．根据本段段旨“Find regular everyday memory challenges.(找到有规律的日常记忆挑战。)”可知，本段强调的是有规律的进行日常记忆挑战。G选项“There are many memory exercises that you can integrate into everyday life(有很多记忆练习可以融入日常生活)”中强调很多记忆联系可以融入到日常生活，形成呼应，符合语境。故选G。 Passage 6 (23-24高二下·浙江杭州·期末) Stop Comparing Yourself to Others Theodore Roosevelt once said, “Comparison is the thief of joy.” But how can we stop playing the comparison game? Here are my tips. 1 Besides social media, are there any other situations that cause you to play the comparison game? Is there a certain person who is constantly showing off about this or that? Are there certain activities, like strolling (漫步) through a high-end shopping mall, that make you envious? 2 Write how each negatively affects you. Try to stop yourself next time. ● Remind yourself that other people’s “outsides” can’t be compared to your “insides.” Usually, you can’t use their outward appearance to judge the reality of their life. 3 You may have had the experience of being shocked when a couple that appeared to be happy and solid announce their divorce. Continue to wish others well, of course, but remind yourself that you don’t actually know what goes on behind closed doors. ● Repeat whenever necessary: “Money doesn’t buy happiness.” It’s well established that wealth isn’t associated with increased happiness. I used to dance flamenco at a fancy resort where very rich people go, and a manager there once told me she’d never seen so many unhappy people in her life. 4 Their inability to provide lasting contentment is usually more disappointing than anything else. ● Be grateful for the good in your life. If you commit yourself to being deeply grateful for what’s good in your life and remind yourself of it daily, you’ll be far less defenseless to comparison and envy. If someone or something triggers (引发) that ugly feeling of negative comparison, stop and remind yourself of what’s good in your life, right now. 5 A．There is so much. B．Identify the causes and control your envy. C．Use comparison to make yourself a better person. D．Money and things provide temporary boosts of joy. E．Make a list of who and what you frequently compare yourself to. F．Being envious of another person’s money may be a waste of time. G．People carefully select and share the social media versions of their lives. 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．G 4．D 5．A 【来源】浙江省杭州市2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何停止和他人攀比提出了一些建议。 1．根据上文“Besides social media, are there any other situations that cause you to play the comparison game? Is there a certain person who is constantly showing off about this or that? Are there certain activities, like strolling (漫步) through a high-end shopping mall, that make you envious?(除了社交媒体，还有其他情况会让你玩比较游戏吗？是否有某个人总是在炫耀这个或那个？是否有某些活动，比如在高档购物中心漫步，会让你嫉妒？)”可知，后文列举的问题主要是在反思嫉妒和原因。故B选项“找出原因并控制你的嫉妒”符合语境，故选B。 2．根据上文“Besides social media, are there any other situations that cause you to play the comparison game? Is there a certain person who is constantly showing off about this or that? Are there certain activities, like strolling (漫步) through a high-end shopping mall, that make you envious?(除了社交媒体，还有其他情况会让你玩比较游戏吗？是否有某个人总是在炫耀这个或那个？是否有某些活动，比如在高档购物中心漫步，会让你嫉妒？)”以及后文“Write how each negatively affects you. Try to stop yourself next time.(写下每件事对你的负面影响。下次试着阻止自己)”可知，上文列举了一些比较的情况，后文提到写下每件事，可知是把自己与之比较的人和事情写下来。故E选项“列出你经常与之比较的人和事”符合语境，故选E。 3．根据上文“Usually, you can’t use their outward appearance to judge the reality of their life.(通常，你不能用他们的外表来判断他们的真实生活)”以及后文“You may have had the experience of being shocked when a couple that appeared to be happy and solid announce their divorce. Continue to wish others well, of course, but remind yourself that you don’t actually know what goes on behind closed doors.(你可能有过这样的经历：当一对看起来很幸福、很稳定的夫妇宣布离婚时，你会感到震惊。当然，继续祝福别人，但要提醒自己，你实际上并不知道关起门来发生了什么)”可知，后文给出的经历表明人们的外在无法代表内在，因为展示的都是他们想要人们看到的。故G选项“人们仔细选择并分享他们生活的社交媒体版本”符合语境，故选G。 4．根据上文“It’s well established that wealth isn’t associated with increased happiness. I used to dance flamenco at a fancy resort where very rich people go, and a manager there once told me she’d never seen so many unhappy people in her life.(众所周知，财富与幸福感的增加无关。我曾经在一个非常有钱的人去的豪华度假胜地跳弗拉门戈舞，那里的一位经理曾经告诉我，她一生中从未见过这么多不快乐的人)”以及后文“Their inability to provide lasting contentment is usually more disappointing than anything else.(他们无法提供持久的满足通常比其他任何事情都更令人失望)”可知，上文提到财富与幸福感增加无关，后文Their指代D选项Money and things。故D选项“金钱和物质提供暂时的快乐”符合语境，故选D。 5．根据上文“If you commit yourself to being deeply grateful for what’s good in your life and remind yourself of it daily, you’ll be far less defenseless to comparison and envy. If someone or so$