名词（常见名词构词法和名词辨析）（学生练习卷）-2027年山东省（春季高考）《英语考点双析卷》第4卷（原卷版+解析版）

**基本信息** 聚焦名词构词法与辨析，通过“讲练结合”闭环设计，构建“构词基础-辨析强化-语篇应用”的系统性训练，提升语言应用能力与语境分析思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇语法（一）|10小题|词形转换（动词/形容词→名词）|从词根词缀构词规则切入，强化词性转换能力| |词汇语法（二）|10小题|名词辨析选择（近义词区分）|通过语境对比易混名词（如progress/promise），培养词义辨析思维| |补全对话|5小题|购物场景名词应用|在真实交际中考查高频名词（size/price等）的语境运用| |短文填空|10小题|语篇名词填空（构词与辨析结合）|结合文化背景（筷子文化），综合考查构词法与名词搭配| |阅读理解|4小题|语篇名词理解（上下文推断）|通过演讲情境考查名词在语篇中的深层含义，提升逻辑推理能力|

编写说明：2027年山东省（春季高考）《英语考点双析卷》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、山东省春季高考英语考试标准及历年高考真题进行编写。“考点双析”即围绕一个考点，一份是老师的讲解卷，一份是学生的练习卷，助力师生构建 “讲练结合” 的学习闭环，特别适用于第一轮高考复习。本专辑涵盖39个考点共78卷。 本卷是2027年山东省（春季高考）《英语考点双析卷》的第4卷，主要考查名词（常见名词构词法和名词辨析）。 2027年山东省（春季高考）《英语考点双析卷》 第4卷 名词（常见名词构词法和名词辨析） 学生练习卷 一、词汇语法 （一）在本节中 阅读下列句子,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式,并将答案写在对应处。(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分) 1．My teacher always gives me some useful ___________ (suggest). 2．Surprisingly,my 12-year-old daughter is worried about her ____________ (weigh). 3．More and more people have realized the __________ (important)of China-Russia Heihe Bridge. 4．Yuan Longping is one of the greatest ____________ (science)in China. 5．To our surprise,an 8-year-old girl became the ________ (win)of the dancing competition. 6．Tom's little sister is a girl of great ________ (curious).She takes an interest in everything. 7．To protect the environment,the local government has put up a lot of _________ (sign)to warn the citizens not to litter the ground. 8．With no better way to express feelings of love and _________ (appreciate),it's easy to see why students turn to the flower shop on Teachers' Day. 9．President Xi addressed on 50 years of China-France ties to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the ___________ (establish)of diplomatic relations between China and France. 10．And save it for poor Arabian or African countries struggling in water _________ (short). （二）在本节中 阅读下列句子,为空白处选择适当的选项。(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分) 11．With continuous(持续不断的)efforts,he is slowly making __________ in his English pronunciation. A.promise B.praise C.progress D.practice 12．We should learn from past __________ to avoid making the same mistakes in the future. A.features B.functions C.failures D.fashions 13．She always keeps a detailed(详细的) _________ on her phone to make sure she doesn't miss any important meetings or appointments. A.scenery B.schedule C.standard D.strength 14．All you need to make DeepSeek work for you is to give some clear _________ before it does its magic. A.instructions B.inventions C.introductions D.impressions 15．To my __________, he finished the tough job in such a difficult situation. A.exciting B.excite C.excited D.excitement 16．---How much is this dress? -It's on sale now.We can give you a 10% ________ . A.discount B.success C.value D.impression 17．---Did you make _________, Lucy? ---Yes,I am going to work hard at math. A.hobbies B.resolutions C.invitations D.service 18．---How do you improve your spoken English? ---By having _________ with my friends in English every week. A.celebrations B.conditions C.conversations D.communities 19．Poor sleep has an ________ on our memory and learning. A.influence B.introduction C.insurance D.information 20．---What's the ________of the card made of colored paper? ---It's a circle. A.difference B.shape C.price D.height 二、补全对话 在本节中 阅读下列短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词，并将答案写在对应处。(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分) A: Hello, 21.____________ can I do for you? B: I'd like a jacket. A: How about this? It's very popular. B: I like the style. Can I try it 22._________? A: Of 23._________.The fitting room is over there. B: I think it's too big. Do you have a smaller size? A: Yes, try this one. B: Now it fits me well.24._________ much is it? A: It's on sale, and it's 210 yuan. B: Good, I'll 25._________it. Can I pay with my cell phone? A: Sure. Please show me your payment code. 21._________ 22._________ 23._________ 24._________ 25._________ 三、短文填空 在本节中 阅读下列短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式,并将答案写在对应处。(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分) In much of Asia, especially the so­called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 26.________Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 27.________(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 28. ________(create) special designs. The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots，29. ________(use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Over time，30. ________the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 31. ________(gradual) turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，32. ________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the 33. ________(develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 34. ________(be) too violent for use at the table. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India，for example，most people traditionally eat 35. ________their hands. 26._________ 27._________ 28._________ 29._________ 30._________ 31._________ 32._________ 33._________ 34._________ 35._________ 四、阅读理解 在本节中 阅读下列短文,为短文后问题选择合适的答案，并将答案写在对应处。(共4小题;每小题2.5分,满分10分) For Canaan Elementary's second grade in Patchogue，N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it's Chris Palaez's turn. The 8­year­old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking. But he's nervous. “I'm here to tell you today why you should ... should ...” Chris trips on the “­ld，” a pronunciation difficulty for many non­native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “... Vote for ... me ...” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls (回想起) how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say，‘I don't know, but I want to know.’” Whaley got the idea of this second­grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast (夸耀) about themselves. “Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities，” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.” 36．What made Chris nervous? A．Telling a story. B．Making a speech. C．Taking a test. D．Answering a question. 37．What does the underlined word “stumbles” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Improper pauses. B．Bad manners. C．Spelling mistakes. D．Silly jokes. 38．We can infer that the purpose of Whaley's project is to ________． A．help students see their own strengths B．assess students' public speaking skills C．prepare students for their future jobs D．inspire students' love for politics 39．Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher? A．Humorous. B．Ambitious. C．Caring. D．Demanding. 试卷第1页，共3页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：2027年山东省（春季高考）《英语考点双析卷》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、山东省春季高考英语考试标准及历年高考真题进行编写。“考点双析”即围绕一个考点，一份是老师的讲解卷，一份是学生的练习卷，助力师生构建 “讲练结合” 的学习闭环，特别适用于第一轮高考复习。本专辑涵盖39个考点共78卷。 本卷是2027年山东省（春季高考）《英语考点双析卷》的第4卷，主要考查名词（常见名词构词法和名词辨析）。 2027年山东省（春季高考）《英语考点双析卷》 第4卷 名词（常见名词构词法和名词辨析） 学生练习卷 一、词汇语法 （一）在本节中 阅读下列句子,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式,并将答案写在对应处。(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分) 1．My teacher always gives me some useful ___________ (suggest). 【答案】suggestions 【详解】句意：我的老师总是给我一些有用的建议。suggest建议，动词；suggestion建议，可数名词，根据some可知使用复数名词作宾语。因此，正确答案是suggestions。 2．Surprisingly,my 12-year-old daughter is worried about her ____________ (weigh). 【答案】weight 【详解】句意：令人惊讶的是，我12岁的女儿很担心她的体重。weigh称…重量，动词；weight重量，不可数名词；形容词性物主代词her修饰名词，此处作宾语，应填weight。因此，正确答案是weight。 3．More and more people have realized the __________ (important)of China-Russia Heihe Bridge. 【答案】importance 【详解】句意：越来越多的人认识到中俄黑河大桥的重要性。important重要的，形容词；importance重要性，名词；the importance of.,意为“…的重要性”。因此，正确答案是importance。 4．Yuan Longping is one of the greatest ____________ (science)in China. 【答案】scientists 【详解】句意：袁隆平是中国最伟大的科学家之一。one of the十形容词的最高级十复数名词，表示“最…的…之一”，故填scientists。 5．To our surprise,an 8-year-old girl became the ________ (win)of the dancing competition. 【答案】winner 【详解】句意：令我们惊讶的是，一个8岁的女孩成了舞蹈比赛的冠军。win赢，动词；winner获胜者，可数名词，根据girl可知使用单数名词，作宾语。因此，正确答案是winner。 6．Tom's little sister is a girl of great ________ (curious).She takes an interest in everything. 【答案】curiosity 【详解】句意：汤姆的妹妹是一个充满好奇心的小女孩，她对一切都感兴趣。curiosity好奇，作介词of的宾语要用名词形式。 7．To protect the environment,the local government has put up a lot of _________ (sign)to warn the citizens not to litter the ground. 【答案】signs 【详解】句意：为了保护环境，当地政府立了很多标牌，警告市民不要乱扔垃圾。sign标志，标牌，为可数名词，故要用复数形式。 8．With no better way to express feelings of love and _________ (appreciate),it's easy to see why students turn to the flower shop on Teachers' Day. 【答案】appreciation 【详解】句意：没有更好的办法来表达爱和感激，你会看到很多学生在教师节那天去花店买花。 appreciation欣赏，感激，根据前面的 love and可知，此处与love并列，要用名词形式作介词of的宾语。 9．President Xi addressed on 50 years of China-France ties to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the ___________ (establish)of diplomatic relations between China and France. 【答案】establishment 【详解】句意：习近平主席就50年的中法关系发表演讲来庆祝中国和法国建交50周年。establishment企业；建立；（通常反对变革的）当权派，根据语境可知此处要用名词形式，意为“建立”。 10．And save it for poor Arabian or African countries struggling in water _________ (short). 【答案】shortage 【详解】句意：为因水资源短缺而斗争的贫穷的阿拉伯国家或非洲国家节约水。介词in后要接名词作宾语，此处的water 为定语。 （二）在本节中 阅读下列句子,为空白处选择适当的选项。(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分) 11．With continuous(持续不断的)efforts,he is slowly making __________ in his English pronunciation. A.promise B.praise C.progress D.practice 【答案】C 【详解】本题考查名词辨析。句义：“通过不断的努力，他的英语发音正在慢慢进步。”make progress意为“取得进步”。 12．We should learn from past __________ to avoid making the same mistakes in the future. A.features B.functions C.failures D.fashions 【答案】C 【详解】本题考查名词辨析。句义：“我们应该从过去的失败中吸取教训，避免将来犯同样的错误。”features意为“特征”，functions意为“功能”，failures意为“失败”，fashions意为“时尚”。 13．She always keeps a detailed(详细的) _________ on her phone to make sure she doesn't miss any important meetings or appointments. A.scenery B.schedule C.standard D.strength 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查名词辨析。句义：“她总是在手机上保存详细的计划表来确保自己不会错过任何重要会议或预约。”scenery意为“风景”，schedule意为“日程表，计划表”，standard意为“标准”，strength意为“力量，长处”。 14．All you need to make DeepSeek work for you is to give some clear _________ before it does its magic. A.instructions B.inventions C.introductions D.impressions 【答案】A 【详解】本题考查名词辨析。句义：“让DeepSeek为你工作，你只需要在它发挥魔法之前给它一些清晰的指令。”instructions意为“指示，说明”，inventions意为“发明”，introductions意为“介绍”，impressions意为“印象”。 15．To my __________, he finished the tough job in such a difficult situation. A.exciting B.excite C.excited D.excitement 【答案】D 【详解】本题考查词性辨析。句义：“令我激动的是，他在如此艰难的条件下完成了这个艰巨的任务。”“to one's十表示情感的名词”意为“令某人…的是”。exciting形容词，意为“令人激动的”；excite动词，意为“（使）兴奋”；excited形容词，意为“激动的，兴奋的”；excitement名词，意为“兴奋，激动”。 16．---How much is this dress? -It's on sale now.We can give you a 10% ________ . A.discount B.success C.value D.impression 【答案】A 【详解】本题考查名词词义辨析。句义：一这件裙子多少钱？—一现在它正在打折销售。 我们可以给你打九折。”discount折扣；success成功；value重要性，价值；impression印象。 17．---Did you make _________, Lucy? ---Yes,I am going to work hard at math. A.hobbies B.resolutions C.invitations D.service 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查名词辨析。句义：“一一你下定决心了吗，露西？一是的，我要努力学习数学。”hobby习惯；resolution决心；invitation邀请；service服务。make resolutions下定决心，是固定搭配。 18．---How do you improve your spoken English? ---By having _________ with my friends in English every week. A.celebrations B.conditions C.conversations D.communities 【答案】C 【详解】本题考查名词辨析。句义：“一你如何提高你的英语口语？一通过每周用英语与我 的朋友交谈。”celebration庆祝；condition条件；conversation对话；community社区。根据题干中的improve your spoken English,可知用英语与朋友交谈是提高口语的方法。 19．Poor sleep has an ________ on our memory and learning. A.influence B.introduction C.insurance D.information 【答案】A 【详解】本题考查名词辨析。句义：“睡眠不好会影响我们的记忆力和学习能力。”influence影响；introduction介绍；insurance保险；information信息。 20．---What's the ________of the card made of colored paper? ---It's a circle. A.difference B.shape C.price D.height 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查名词辨析。句义：“一这张彩纸卡片的形状是什么？一是一个圆。” difference差异；shape形状；price价格；height高度。根据“It's a circle'”可知，此处问的是形状。 二、补全对话 在本节中 阅读下列短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词，并将答案写在对应处。(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分) A: Hello, 21.____________ can I do for you? B: I'd like a jacket. A: How about this? It's very popular. B: I like the style. Can I try it 22._________? A: Of 23._________.The fitting room is over there. B: I think it's too big. Do you have a smaller size? A: Yes, try this one. B: Now it fits me well.24._________ much is it? A: It's on sale, and it's 210 yuan. B: Good, I'll 25._________it. Can I pay with my cell phone? A: Sure. Please show me your payment code. 21._________ 22._________ 23._________ 24._________ 25._________ 21.【答案】what 【详解】句意：我有什么可用帮您吗？ 此句为购物时售货员的问句，为固定口语表达。因此，正确答案是what。 22.【答案】on 【详解】句意：我可以试穿一下吗？Try on表示“试穿”，为固定搭配。 因此，正确答案是on。 23.【答案】course 【详解】句意：当然。 of course为固定句式，表示肯定回答。因此，正确答案是course。 24.【答案】How 【详解】句意：多少钱？ 对价格进行提问使用how much...?因此，正确答案是How。 25.【答案】take/buy 【详解】句意：我买了。 因此，正确答案是take/buy。 三、短文填空 在本节中 阅读下列短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式,并将答案写在对应处。(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分) In much of Asia, especially the so­called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 26.________Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 27.________(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 28. ________(create) special designs. The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots，29. ________(use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Over time，30. ________the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 31. ________(gradual) turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，32. ________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the 33. ________(develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 34. ________(be) too violent for use at the table. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India，for example，most people traditionally eat 35. ________their hands. 26._________ 27._________ 28._________ 29._________ 30._________ 31._________ 32._________ 33._________ 34._________ 35._________ 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。筷子通常是两根细长的木头或竹子。它们也能用塑料、动物的骨头或者金属制成。有时，筷子很有艺术性。除了筷子的选材，文章也对筷子的由来以及发展做了介绍，大家快来读一读吧。 26.【答案】and 【详解】考查并列连词。句意：……在中国、日本、韩国和越南的……文化里，人们通常用筷子吃饭。 27．【答案】be made 【详解】考查被动语态。筷子用金、银做成，此处用被动语态。be made of用……制成。 28．【答案】to create 【详解】考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。此处表示combine ...and ...的目的，故用不定式作目的状语。句意：熟练的工人也把各种各样的硬木和金属结合起来以创造出特别的样式。 29．【答案】using 【详解】考查非谓语动词之现在分词。people与use之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作方式状语。 30．【答案】as/when 【详解】考查从属连词。句意：慢慢地，随着人口的增加(当人口增加时)，为了使食物熟得更快，人们开始把食物切成小块。根据句意可知，空格处填as或者when，as/when引导时间状语从句。 31．【答案】gradually 【详解】考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。空格处修饰turned into，故用副词。gradual的副词形式是gradually。 32．【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在句子是非限制性定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词Confucius(孔子)，且从句中缺少主语，故用who引导。 33．【答案】development 【详解】考查词性转换之动词变为名词。空格处位于定冠词the后，由of chopsticks修饰，故空格处须填名词。develop的名词形式是development。 34．【答案】were 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，believed后接宾语从句，宾语从句由and连接两个并列谓语。主句用了一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时态；又因主语是knives，故填were。 35．【答案】with 【详解】考查介词。eat with their hands用手抓饭吃。with表示“用”。 四、阅读理解 在本节中 阅读下列短文,为短文后问题选择合适的答案，并将答案写在对应处。(共4小题;每小题2.5分,满分10分) For Canaan Elementary's second grade in Patchogue，N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it's Chris Palaez's turn. The 8­year­old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking. But he's nervous. “I'm here to tell you today why you should ... should ...” Chris trips on the “­ld，” a pronunciation difficulty for many non­native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “... Vote for ... me ...” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls (回想起) how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say，‘I don't know, but I want to know.’” Whaley got the idea of this second­grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast (夸耀) about themselves. “Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities，” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.” 36．What made Chris nervous? A．Telling a story. B．Making a speech. C．Taking a test. D．Answering a question. 37．What does the underlined word “stumbles” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Improper pauses. B．Bad manners. C．Spelling mistakes. D．Silly jokes. 38．We can infer that the purpose of Whaley's project is to ________． A．help students see their own strengths B．assess students' public speaking skills C．prepare students for their future jobs D．inspire students' love for politics 39．Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher? A．Humorous. B．Ambitious. C．Caring. D．Demanding. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小学教师Whaley通过组织学生演讲来帮助学生增强自信的教学实践。 36.【答案】B 【详解】细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词nervous可定位到第二段第一句。根据第一段中“... today is speech day, and right now it's Chris Palaez's turn.”和“... he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.”可知，今天是演讲日，现在轮到了Chris，虽然他看起来像那种喜欢在公共场合讲话的孩子，但是他很紧张。由此可知，演讲使Chris紧张。 37.【答案】A 【详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中“you should ... should ...”以及“... Vote for ... me ...”这样的语句特点可知，Chris的演讲不流畅，也就是说有不适当的停顿。这是他表现不好的地方，与划线词后的句意“他完成得非常好”构成转折关系，与短语“except for”相呼应。 38.【答案】A 【详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast (夸耀) about themselves.”可知，Whaley创办这个项目的目的不仅仅是让学生学会阅读和在公共场合演讲，他还希望学生学会自夸。A项意为“帮助学生看到自己的长处”，与原文意思相符。 39.【答案】C 【详解】推理判断题。文章介绍了Whaley老师通过创办“总统竞选项目”，组织学生演讲来帮助学生增强自信；根据第二段中的“His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.”和“... Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise.”等细节亦可看出Whaley老师是一个关心学生的人。 试卷第1页，共3页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $