阅读微技能第二讲标题的选择 导学案-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理了阅读理解标题选择专题，将概括性、针对性、醒目性三大核心原则按“讲解-例题分析-巩固应用”逻辑架构知识体系，通过问题链引导（如题干设问）和任务驱动（典型例题解析），帮助学生自主归纳标题选择方法，构建完整解题认知框架。 亮点在于讲练结合与分层诊断设计，每个原则配套真题例题（如美国骑行者实现梦想、警匪追逐等案例），巩固练习题涵盖新闻、说明等文体，培养学生语言理解与思维概括能力。学生通过练习题自主检测薄弱点，教师可依据答题情况精准指导，有效提升自主复习效率与因材施教质量。

第二讲：阅读微技能之标题的选择讲与练 标题的选择也是考查文章主旨大意的一种形式，是阅读理解题常考的题型之一，每年都有1-3题。常见测试题题干有： The best headline(标题)for this newspaper article would be . Which of the following is the best title for this article? What would be the best title for this passage？ 标题的选择，也是对文章主题的一种确认方式方。但在很多情况下，文章并没有明确的主题句，这就需要考生具备一定的分析、综合和概括能力。在归纳概括过程中，考生要分清主次，看文章主要叙述的是什么时候，从整体上把握文章的主旨，从全局的角度归纳概括出文章的大意。不要一叶障目，不见泰山。选择文章的标题应做到概括性和针对性的有机结合，还要力求标题的醒目性。 一、概括性 要求标题囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题要旨。要防止本末倒置，主次不分，以点代面，以偏概全。 On the evening of June 21,1992,a tall man with brown hair and blue eyes entered the beautiful hall of the BELL Tower Hotel in Xi’an with his bicycle. The hotel workers received him and telephoned the manager, for they had never seen a bicycle in the hotel hall before though they lived in “the kingdom of bicycles”. Robert Friedlander, an American, arrived in Xi’an on his bicycle trip across Asia which started last December in New Delhi India. When he was 11,he read the book “Marco Polo ”and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road. Now, after 44 years, he was on the Silk Road in Xi’an and his early dreams were coming true. Robert Friedlander’s next destinations(目的地)were Lanzhou , Dunhuang, Urumqi,etc. He will complete his trip in Pakistan. 61.The best headline for this newspaper article would be . A. The Kingdom of Bicycles B. A Beautiful Hotel in Xi’an C. Marco Polo and the Silk Road D. An American Achieving His Aims 二、针对性 针对性原则是对标题外延的种界定。概括性原则要求文章标题包括的主要内容。但如果标题过大，就违背了针对性原则。针对性原则要求标题不能太泛，而是要直接反映文章的主要内容。即标题的外延既不能太大也不能太小。 It seems that some people go out of their way to get into trouble. That’s more or less what happened the night that Nashville Police Officer Floyd Hyde was on duty. “I was on the way to a personal injury accident in West Nashville. As I got onto Highway 40,blue lights and sirens(警笛)going, I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off quickly down the highway. The driver somehow panicked(感到恐慌)at the sight of me. He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and began passing cars on the shoulder.” But Hyde couldn’t go after him. Taking care of injured people is always more important than worrying about speeders, so the officer had to stay on his way to the accident. But he did try to keep the Firebird in sight as he drove, hoping another nearby unit would be able to step in and stop the speeding car. As it turned out, keeping the Firebird in sight was not that difficult. Every turn the Pontiac made was the very turn the officer needed to get to the accident scene. Hyde followed the Pontiac all the way to his destination. At that point he found another unit had already arrived at the accident scene. His help wasn’t needed Now he was free to try to stop the driver of the Firebird, who by this time had developed something new to panic about . “Just about that time,” Hyde says, “I saw fire coming out from under that car, with blue smoke and oil going everywhere. He’d blown his engine. Now he had to stop.” “After I arrested him, I asked him why he was running. He told me he didn’t have a driver’s license(执照).” That accident cost the driver of the Firebird plenty a thousand dollars for the new engine not to mention the charges for driving without a license, attempting to run away, and dangerous driving. 67.What is probably the best title for the article? A. Losing His Way? B. Going My Way? C. Fun All the Way? D. Help on the Way? 三、醒目性 标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响文章的可读性。读者常从标题上阅读取舍。故标题一般应比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。所以在标题选择的过程中，在满足概括性和针对性的条件下，还要考虑标题的醒目性。要求标题简洁、突出、新颖，从而产生较强的视觉冲击力。 Moscow, Russia (Space news)-The computer is a better chess player,” insisted Yiktor Prozorov, the loser.“ It seemed as if it were laughing after every good move. I know I should have beaten it for the sake of mankind (为人类着想)，but I just couldn’t win.” he announced and shook his head sadly. Prozorov’s disappointment was shared by several grand masters who were present, some of whom were so upset that they shouted at the machine. Many chess players said that this meant the end of chess championship(锦标赛)around the world, since the fun had ken out of the game . The computer walked- or rather, rolled away with 5000 dollars in prize money and limited its remarks(评论)to a set of noises and lights . 76.Which of the following is the best title for this newspaper article? A．5000 dollars goes to a computer! B. New invention: a laughing computer! C. World’s best chess player beaten! D. Computer defeats man in chess! 巩固练习题： Passage 1 Shanxi Province you may be offered brains to eat Frightened? You shouldn’t be because these brains are only a food, which is famous for its unusual name and rich nutrition(营养) Brains as a food were invented more than 300 years ago by Fu Shan, an artist whose mother had been ill for a long time. To help her become well again, he studied medicine and invented a kind of soup made of meat, vegetables and a number of Chinese medicines. Rice wine was also used in the soup to help illnesses caused by old age. After taking the soup his mother got better little by little and lived a long life. Fu’s soup became the talk of the town. Many people came to see him. One day a restaurant owner asked him what was in the soup.”I’ll tell you ,”Fu said.”But if your restaurant is going to sell the soup you must call it brains because of its shape and colour. And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother.” 61.The best headline for this newspaper article is . A.A Good Son B.A Special Soup C.How to Make Brains D.How to Live a Long Life Passage 2 We usually say that people have senses. Senses are the way that we learn what is happening around us. The five main senses are sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell. Each sense depends on a certain part of the body. This part of the body receives information and then this information is sent to the brain. For example, we use eyes to see the things around us. With ears we can hear the sounds. That is to say, eyes control sighting and ears control hearing. Skin controls touch. Taste depends on tongue while smell depends on nose. Besides, we also have senses of hunger, thirst and cold. 1.A good title for this passage is . A. Seeing and Hearing Are Important B. The Parts of the Body C. Getting Information for Our Body D. Senses Are Useful Passage 3 As prices and building costs keep rising, the “do it yourself(DIY)”trend(趋势)in the U.S. continues to grow. “ We needed furniture(家具)for our living room,” says John Ross, “and we just didn’t have enough money to buy it .So we decided to try making a few tables and chairs.” John got married six months ago, and like many young people these days, they are struggling to make a home at a time when the cost of living is very high. The Rosses took a 2-week course for$280 at a night school. Now they build all their furniture and make repairs around the house. Jim Hatfield has three boys and his wife died. He has a full-time job at home as well as in a shoe making factory. Last month, he received a car repair bill for $420. “I was deeply upset about it. I’ve finished a car repair course ,I should be able to fix the car by myself.” John and Jim are not unusual people. Most families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living .If you want to become a do-it-yourselfer, you can go to DIY classes. And for those who don’t have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself. 70.What would be the best title for the text？ A．The Joy of DIY B. You Can Do It Too! C. Welcome to Our DIY Course! D. Ross and Hatfield Believers in DIY Passage 4 A .Goods for auction(拍卖)sales B. Definition of bidding(喊价的定义) C. Way to sell more goods by auction D. Auction sales in history E. Brief introduction to auctions F. Making a larger profit(利润)as an auctioneer 80.______________________________ Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or “bids”, for the various items on sale .He encourages buyers to bid higher figures , and finally names the highest bidder as the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer strikes a small hammer on a table at which he stands . 81.______________________________ The ancient Roman probably invented sales by auction ,and the English word comes from the Latin auction, meaning “increasing”. The Romans usually sold in this way the goods taken in war. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ,goods were often sold “by the candle”, a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight. 82._____________________________ Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, skins ,wool, tea, furs, silk and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. 83._____________________________ An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by potential buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot“，is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in the order of numbers: he may wait until he notices the fact that certain buyers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in . 84.______________________________ The auctioneer’s services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible. He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low. He will also play on the opponents among his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other. Passage 5 When a new Harry Potter book hits the shelves , kids aren’t the only people who rejoice (兴高采烈) . Apparently doctors do too ! Doctors in England recently reported that when the last two Harry Potter books came out , the number of kids being treated for injuries in the hospital emergency room dropped sharply …… What is the best title for this passage ? A. Harry Potter Books Keep Kids Healthy B. Doctors Crazy About Harry Potter C. Study Shows Harry Potter Books a Success D. Harry Potter Books Popular With Doctors as well as Kids Passage 6   For years and years people have been saying that the railways are dead.  "We can do without railways."  People say ... as if motorcars and planes have made the railways unnecessary.  We all keep hearing that trains are slow, that they lose money, that they're dying.  But this is far from the truth:  In these days of expensive oil, the railways have become highly competitive with motorcars and planes.  If you want to carry people or goods from place to place, they are cheaper than planes.  And they have much in common with planes.  A plane goes in a straight line and so does a railway.  What is more, it takes you from the heart of a city into the heart of another.  It doesn't leave you up as a plane does, miles and miles from the city centre.  It doesn't hold you up as a car does, in endless traffic jams, and a single train can carry goods which a plane or motorcar could never do. Far from being dead, the railways are very much alive.  Modern railway lines give you a smooth, untroubled journey.  Where else can you eat well, sleep in comfort, feel safe and enjoy the scene while you are travelling at speed at the same time?  And we are only at the beginning.  For we have just entered the age of super-fast trains, trains travelling at 150 miles an hour and more.  Soon we will be wondering why we spent so much on motorcars we can't use because we have not enough money to buy the oil and planes we can't fly for the same reason. The best title for this passage may be "__________". A. Not the End But the Beginning B. Which is the Best: Train, Motorcar or Plane C. Trains are More Competitive than Motorcars or Planes D. Oh, Super-fast Trains 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第二讲：阅读微技能之标题的选择讲与练答案 标题的选择也是考查文章主旨大意的一种形式，是阅读理解题常考的题型之一，每年都有1-3题。常见测试题题干有： The best headline(标题)for this newspaper article would be . Which of the following is the best title for this article? What would be the best title for this passage？ 标题的选择，也是对文章主题的一种确认方式方。但在很多情况下，文章并没有明确的主题句，这就需要考生具备一定的分析、综合和概括能力。在归纳概括过程中，考生要分清主次，看文章主要叙述的是什么时候，从整体上把握文章的主旨，从全局的角度归纳概括出文章的大意。不要一叶障目，不见泰山。选择文章的标题应做到概括性和针对性的有机结合，还要力求标题的醒目性。 一、概括性 要求标题囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题要旨。要防止本末倒置，主次不分，以点代面，以偏概全。 On the evening of June 21,1992,a tall man with brown hair and blue eyes entered the beautiful hall of the BELL Tower Hotel in Xi’an with his bicycle. The hotel workers received him and telephoned the manager, for they had never seen a bicycle in the hotel hall before though they lived in “the kingdom of bicycles”. Robert Friedlander, an American, arrived in Xi’an on his bicycle trip across Asia which started last December in New Delhi India. When hs was 11,he read the book “Marco Polo ”and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road. Now, after 44 years, he was on the Silk Road in Xi’an and his early dreams were coming true. Robert Friedlander’s next destinations(目的地)were Lanzhou , Dunhuang, Urumqi,etc. He will complete his trip in Pakistan. 61.The best headline for this newspaper article would be . A. The Kingdom of Bicycles B. A Beautiful Hotel in Xi’an C. Marco Polo and the Silk Road D. An American Achieving His Aims 二、针对性 针对性原则是对标题外延的种界定。概括性原则要求文章标题包括的主要内容。但如果标题过大，就违背了针对性原则。针对性原则要求标题不能太泛，而是要直接反映文章的主要内容。即标题的外延既不能太大也不能太小。 It seems that some people go out of their way to get into trouble. That’s more or less what happened the night that Nashville Police Officer Floyd Hyde was on duty. “I was on the way to a personal injury accident in West Nashville. As I got onto Highway 40,blue lights and sirens(警笛)going, I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off quickly down the highway. The driver somehow panicked(感到恐慌)at the sight of me. He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and began passing cars on the shoulder.” But Hyde couldn’t go after him. Taking care of injured people is always more important than worrying about speeders, so the officer had to stay on his way to the accident. But he did try to keep the Firebird in sight as he drove, hoping another nearby unit would be able to step in and stop the speeding car. As it turned out, keeping the Firebird in sight was not that difficult. Every turn the Pontiac made was the very turn the officer needed to get to the accident scene. Hyde followed the Pontiac all the way to his destination. At that point he found another unit had already arrived at the accident scene. His help wasn’t needed Now he was free to try to stop the driver of the Firebird, who by this time had developed something new to panic about . “Just about that time,” Hyde says, “I saw fire coming out from under that car, with blue smoke and oil going everywhere. He’d blown his engine. Now he had to stop.” “After I arrested him, I asked him why he was running. He told me he didn’t have a driver’s license(执照).” That accident cost the driver of the Firebird plenty a thousand dollars for the new engine not to mention the charges for driving without a license, attempting to run away, and dangerous driving. 67.What is probably the best title for the article? A. Losing His Way? B. Going My Way? C. Fun All the Way? D. Help on the Way? 三、醒目性 标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响文章的可读性。读者常从标题上阅读取舍。故标题一般应比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。所以在标题选择的过程中，在满足概括性和针对性的备件下，还要考虑标题的醒目性。要求标题简洁、突出、新颖，从而产生较强的视觉冲击力。 Moscow, Russia (Space news)-The computer is a better chess player,” insisted Yiktor Prozorov, the loser.“ It seemed as if it were laughing after every good move. I know I should have beaten it for the sake of mankind (为人类着想)，but I just couldn’t win.” he announced and shook his head sadly. Prozorov’s disappointment was shared by several grand masters who were present, some of whom were so upset that they shouted at the machine. Many chess players said that this meant the end of chess championship(锦标赛)around the world, since the fun had ken out of the game . The computer walked- or rather, rolled away with 5000 dollars in prize money and limited its remarks(评论)to a set of noises and lights . 76.Which of the following is the best title for this news paper article? A．5000 dollars goes to a computer! B. New invention: a laughing computer! C. World’s best chess player beaten! D. Computer defeats man in chess! 巩固练习题： Passage 1 B.A Special Soup Shanxi Province you may be offered brains to eat Frightened? You shouldn’t be because these brains are only a food, which is famous for its unusual name and rich nutrition(营养) Brains as a food were invented more than 300 years ago by Fu Shan, an artist whose mother had been ill for a long time. To help her become well again, he studied medicine and invented a kind of soup made of meat, vegetables and a number of Chinese medicines. Rice wine was also used in the soup to help illnesses caused by old age. After taking the soup his mother got better little by little and lived a long life. Fu’s soup became the talk of the town. Many people came to see him. One day a restaurant owner asked him what was in the soup.”I’ll tell you ,”Fu said.”But if your restaurant is going to sell the soup you must call it brains because of its shape and colour. And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother.” 61.The best headline for this newspaper article is . A.A Good Son B.A Special Soup C.How to Make Brains D.How to Live a Long Life Passage 2 C. Getting Information for Our Body We usually say that people have senses. Senses are the way that we learn what is happening around us. The five main senses are sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell. Each sense depends on a certain part of the body. This part of the body receives information and then this information is sent to the brain. For example, we use eyes to see the things around us. With ears we can hear the sounds. That is to say, eyes control sighting and ears control hearing. Skin controls touch. Taste depends on tongue while smell depends on nose. Besides, we also have senses of hunger, thirst and cold. 1.A good title for this passage is . A. Seeing and Hearing Are Important B. The Parts of the Body C. Getting Information for Our Body D. Senses Are Useful Passage 3 B. You Can Do It Too! As prices and building costs keep rising, the “do it yourself(DIY)”trend(趋势)in the U.S. continues to grow. “ We needed furniture(家具)for our living room,” says John Ross, “and we just didn’t have enough money to buy it .So we decided to try making a few tables and chairs.” John got married six months ago, and like many young people these days, they are struggling to make a home at a time when the cost of living is very high. The Rosses took a 2-week course for$280 at a night school. Now they build all their furniture and make repairs around the house. Jim Hatfield has three boys and his wife died. He has a full-time job at home as well as in a shoe making factory. Last month, he received a car repair bill for $420. “I was deeply upset about it. I’ve finished a car repair course ,I should be able to fix the car by myself.” John and Jim are not unusual people. Most families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living .If you want to become a do-it-yourselfer, you can go to DIY classes. And for those who don’t have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself. 70.What would be the best title for the text？ A．The Joy of DIY B. You Can Do It Too! C. Welcome to Our DIY Course! D. Ross and Hatfield Believers in DIY Passage 4 A .Goods for auction(拍卖)sales B. Definition of bidding(喊价的定义) C. Way to sell more goods by auction D. Auction sales in history E. Brief introduction to auctions F. Making a larger profit(利润)as an auctioneer 80.______________________________E. Brief introduction to auctions Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or “bids”, for the various items on sale .He encourages buyers to bid higher figures , and finally names the highest bidder as the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer strikes a small hammer on a table at which he stands . 81.______________________________D. Auction sales in history The ancient Roman probably invented sales by auction ,and the English word comes from the Latin auction, meaning “increasing”. The Romans usually sold in this way the goods taken in war. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ,goods were often sold “by the candle”, a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight. 82._____________________________A .Goods for auction(拍卖)sales Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, skins ,wool, tea, furs, silk and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. 83._____________________________C. Way to sell more goods by auction An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by potential buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot“，is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in the order of numbers: he may wait until he notices the fact that certain buyers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in . 84.______________________________F. Making a larger profit(利润)as an auctioneer The auctioneer’s services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible. He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low. He will also play on the opponents among his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other. Passage 5 A. Harry Portter Books Keep Kids Healthy When a new Harry Porter book hits the shelves , kids aren’t the only people who rejoice (兴高采烈) . Apparently doctors do too ! Doctors in England recently reported that when the last two Harry Porter books came out , the number of kids being treated for injuries in the hospital emergency room dropped sharply …… What is the best title for this passage ? A. Harry Portter Books Keep Kids Healthy B. Doctors Crazy About Harry Portter C. Study Shows Harry Portter Books a Success D. Harry Portter Books Popular With Doctors as well as Kids Passage 6  A. Not the End But the Beginning For years and years people have been saying that the railways are dead.  "We can do without railways."  People say ... as if motorcars and planes have made the railways unnecessary.  We all keep hearing that trains are slow, that they lose money, that they're dying.  But this is far from the truth:  In these days of expensive oil, the railways have become highly competitive with motorcars and planes.  If you want to carry people or goods from place to place, they are cheaper than planes.  And they have much in common with planes.  A plane goes in a straight line and so does a railway.  What is more, it takes you form the heart of a city into the heart of another.  It doesn't leave you up as a plane does, miles and miles from the city centre.  It doesn't hold you up as a car does, in endless traffic jams, and a single train can carry goods which a plane or motorcar could never do. Far from being dead, the railways are very much alive.  Modern railway lines give you a smooth, untroubled journey.  Where else can you eat well, sleep in comfort, feel safe and enjoy the scene while you are travelling at speed at the same time?  And we are only at the beginning.  For we have just entered the age of super-fast trains, trains travelling at 150 miles an hour and more.  Soon we will be wondering why we spent so much on motorcars we can't use because we have not enough money to buy the oil and planes we can't fly for the same reason. The best title for this passage may be "__________". A. Not the End But the Beginning B. Which is the Best: Train, Motorcar or Plane C. Trains are More Competitive than Motorcars or Planes D. Oh, Super-fast Trains 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第二讲：阅读微技能之标题的选择讲与练答案 标题的选择也是考查文章主旨大意的一种形式，是阅读理解题常考的题型之一，每年都有1-3题。常见测试题题干有： The best headline(标题)for this newspaper article would be. Which of the following is the best title for this article? What would be the best title for this passage？ 标题的选择，也是对文章主题的一种确认方式方。但在很多情况下，文章并没有明确的主题句，这就需要考生具备一定的分析、综合和概括能力。在归纳概括过程中，考生要分清主次，看文章主要叙述的是什么时候，从整体上把握文章的主旨，从全局的角度归纳概括出文章的大意。不要一叶障目，不见泰山。选择文章的标题应做到概括性和针对性的有机结合，还要力求标题的醒目性。 一、概括性要求标题囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题要旨。要防止本末倒置，主次不分，以点代面，以偏概全。 On the evening of June 21,1992,a tall man with brown hair and blue eyes entered the beautiful hall of the BELL Tower Hotel in Xi’an with his bicycle. The hotel workers received him and telephoned the manager, for they had never seen a bicycle in the hotel hall before though they lived in “the kingdom of bicycles”. Robert Friedlander, an American, arrived in Xi’an on his bicycle trip across Asia which started last December in New Delhi India. When he was 11,he read the book “Marco Polo ”and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road. Now,after 44 years, he was on the Silk Road in Xi’an and his early dreams were coming true. Robert Friedlander’s next destinations(目的地)were Lanzhou , Dunhuang , Urumqi, etc. He will complete his trip in Pakistan. 61.The best headline for this newspaper article would be. D A.The Kingdom of Bicycles B.A Beautiful Hotel in Xi’an C.Marco Polo and the Silk Road D.An American Achieving His Aims 二、针对性针对性原则是对标题外延的种界定。概括性原则要求文章标题包括的主要内容。但如果标题过大，就违背了针对性原则。针对性原则要求标题不能太泛，而是要直接反映文章的主要内容。即标题的外延既不能太大也不能太小。 It seems that some people go out of their way to get into trouble. That’s more or less what happened the night that Nashville Police Officer Floyd Hyde was on duty. “I was on the way to a personal injury accident in West Nashville. As I got onto Highway 40,blue lights and sirens(警笛)going,I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off quickly down the highway. The driver somehow panicked(感到恐慌)at the sight of me.He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and began passing cars on the shoulder.” But Hyde couldn’t go after him.Taking care of injured people is always more important than worrying about speeders,so the officer had to stay on his way to the accident.But he did try to keep the Firebird in sight as he drove,hoping another nearby unit would be able to step in and stop the speeding car.As it turned out,keeping the Firebird in sight was not that difficult.Every turn the Pontiac made was the very turn the officer needed to get to the accident scene. Hyde followed the Pontiac all the way to his destination. At that point he found another unit had already arrived at the accident scene. His help wasn’t needed Now he was free to try to stop the driver of the Firebird, who by this time had developed something new to panic about . “Just about that time,”Hyde says,“I saw fire coming out from under that car,with blue smoke and oil going everywhere. He’d blown his engine. Now he had to stop.” “After I arrested him, I asked him why he was running. He told me he didn’t have a driver’s license(执照).” That accident cost the driver of the Firebird plenty a thousand dollars for the new engine not to mention the charges for driving without a license, attempting to run away, and dangerous driving. 67.What is probably the best title for the article? B A.Losing His Way? B.Going My Way? C.Fun All the Way? D.Help on the Way? 三、醒目性标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响文章的可读性。读者常从标题上阅读取舍。故标题一般应比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。所以在标题选择的过程中，在满足概括性和针对性的条件下，还要考虑标题的醒目性。要求标题简洁、突出、新颖，从而产生较强的视觉冲击力。 Moscow,Russia (Space news)-The computer is a better chess player,” insisted Yiktor Prozorov, the loser.“It seemed as if it were laughing after every good move. I know I should have beaten it for the sake of mankind (为人类着想)，but I just couldn’t win.”he announced and shook his head sadly. Prozorov’s disappointment was shared by several grand masters who were present,some of whom were so upset that they shouted at the machine. Many chess players said that this meant the end of chess championship(锦标赛)around the world,since the fun had ken out of the game . The computer walked- or rather,rolled away with 5000 dollars in prize money and limited its remarks(评论)to a set of noises and lights . 76.Which of the following is the best title for this newspaper article? D A．5000 dollars goes to a computer! B.New invention:a laughing computer! C.World’s best chess player beaten! D.Computer defeats man in chess! 巩固练习题： Passage 1 Shanxi Province you may be offered brains to eat Frightened? You shouldn’t be because these brains are only a food, which is famous for its unusual name and rich nutrition(营养) Brains as a food were invented more than 300 years ago by Fu Shan, an artist whose mother had been ill for a long time. To help her become well again, he studied medicine and invented a kind of soup made of meat, vegetables and a number of Chinese medicines. Rice wine was also used in the soup to help illnesses caused by old age. After taking the soup his mother got better little by little and lived a long life. Fu’s soup became the talk of the town. Many people came to see him. One day a restaurant owner asked him what was in the soup.”I’ll tell you ,”Fu said.”But if your restaurant is going to sell the soup you must call it brains because of its shape and colour. And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother.” 61.The best headline for this newspaper article is. B.A Special Soup A.A Good Son B.A Special Soup C.How to Make Brains D.How to Live a Long Life Passage 2 We usually say that people have senses. Senses are the way that we learn what is happening around us. The five main senses are sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell. Each sense depends on a certain part of the body. This part of the body receives information and then this information is sent to the brain. For example, we use eyes to see the things around us. With ears we can hear the sounds. That is to say, eyes control sighting and ears control hearing. Skin controls touch. Taste depends on tongue while smell depends on nose. Besides, we also have senses of hunger, thirst and cold. 1.A good title for this passage is . C. Getting Information for Our Body A.Seeing and Hearing Are Important B.The Parts of the Body C. Getting Information for Our Body D.Senses Are Useful Passage 3 As prices and building costs keep rising,the “do it yourself(DIY)”trend(趋势)in the U.S. continues to grow. “ We needed furniture(家具)for our living room,” says John Ross, “and we just didn’t have enough money to buy it .So we decided to try making a few tables and chairs.”John got married six months ago, and like many young people these days, they are struggling to make a home at a time when the cost of living is very high. The Rosses took a 2-week course for$280 at a night school. Now they build all their furniture and make repairs around the house. Jim Hatfield has three boys and his wife died. He has a full-time job at home as well as in a shoe making factory. Last month, he received a car repair bill for $420. “I was deeply upset about it. I’ve finished a car repair course ,I should be able to fix the car by myself.”John and Jim are not unusual people. Most families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living .If you want to become a do-it-yourselfer, you can go to DIY classes. And for those who don’t have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself. 70.What would be the best title for the text？B. You Can Do It Too! A．The Joy of DIY B. You Can Do It Too! C. Welcome to Our DIY Course! D.Ross and Hatfield Believers in DIY Passage 4 A .Goods for auction(拍卖)sales B. Definition of bidding(喊价的定义) C. Way to sell more goods by auction D. Auction sales in history E. Brief introduction to auctions F. Making a larger profit(利润)as an auctioneer 80.______________________________E. Brief introduction to auctions Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or “bids”, for the various items on sale .He encourages buyers to bid higher figures , and finally names the highest bidder as the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer strikes a small hammer on a table at which he stands . 81.______________________________D. Auction sales in history The ancient Roman probably invented sales by auction ,and the English word comes from the Latin auction, meaning “increasing”. The Romans usually sold in this way the goods taken in war. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ,goods were often sold “by the candle”, a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight. 82._____________________________A .Goods for auction(拍卖)sales Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, skins ,wool, tea, furs, silk and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. 83._____________________________C. Way to sell more goods by auction An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by potential buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot“，is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in the order of numbers: he may wait until he notices the fact that certain buyers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in . 84.______________________________F. Making a larger profit(利润)as an auctioneer The auctioneer’s services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible. He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low. He will also play on the opponents among his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other. Passage 5 When a new Harry Potter book hits the shelves , kids aren’t the only people who rejoice (兴高采烈) . Apparently doctors do too ! Doctors in England recently reported that when the last two Harry Potter books came out , the number of kids being treated for injuries in the hospital emergency room dropped sharply …… What is the best title for this passage ? A. Harry Potter Books Keep Kids Healthy A. Harry Potter Books Keep Kids Healthy B. Doctors Crazy About Harry Potter C. Study Shows Harry Potter Books a Success D. Harry Potter Books Popular With Doctors as well as Kids Passage 6   For years and years people have been saying that the railways are dead.  "We can do without railways."  People say ... as if motorcars and planes have made the railways unnecessary.  We all keep hearing that trains are slow, that they lose money, that they're dying.  But this is far from the truth:  In these days of expensive oil, the railways have become highly competitive with motorcars and planes.  If you want to carry people or goods from place to place, they are cheaper than planes.  And they have much in common with planes.  A plane goes in a straight line and so does a railway.  What is more, it takes you from the heart of a city into the heart of another.  It doesn't leave you up as a plane does, miles and miles from the city centre.  It doesn't hold you up as a car does, in endless traffic jams, and a single train can carry goods which a plane or motorcar could never do. Far from being dead, the railways are very much alive.  Modern railway lines give you a smooth, untroubled journey.  Where else can you eat well, sleep in comfort, feel safe and enjoy the scene while you are travelling at speed at the same time?  And we are only at the beginning.  For we have just entered the age of super-fast trains, trains travelling at 150 miles an hour and more.  Soon we will be wondering why we spent so much on motorcars we can't use because we have not enough money to buy the oil and planes we can't fly for the same reason. The best title for this passage may be "__________". A. Not the End But the Beginning A. Not the End But the Beginning B. Which is the Best: Train, Motorcar or Plane C. Trains are More Competitive than Motorcars or Planes D. Oh, Super-fast Trains 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第二讲：阅读微技能之标题的选择讲与练 标题的选择也是考查文章主旨大意的一种形式，是阅读理解题常考的题型之一，每年都有1-3题。常见测试题题干有： The best headline(标题)for this newspaper article would be . Which of the following is the best title for this article? What would be the best title for this passage？ 标题的选择，也是对文章主题的一种确认方式方。但在很多情况下，文章并没有明确的主题句，这就需要考生具备一定的分析、综合和概括能力。在归纳概括过程中，考生要分清主次，看文章主要叙述的是什么时候，从整体上把握文章的主旨，从全局的角度归纳概括出文章的大意。不要一叶障目，不见泰山。选择文章的标题应做到概括性和针对性的有机结合，还要力求标题的醒目性。 一、概括性 要求标题囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题要旨。要防止本末倒置，主次不分，以点代面，以偏概全。 On the evening of June 21,1992,a tall man with brown hair and blue eyes entered the beautiful hall of the BELL Tower Hotel in Xi’an with his bicycle. The hotel workers received him and telephoned the manager, for they had never seen a bicycle in the hotel hall before though they lived in “the kingdom of bicycles”. Robert Friedlander, an American, arrived in Xi’an on his bicycle trip across Asia which started last December in New Delhi India. When hs was 11,he read the book “Marco Polo ”and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road. Now, after 44 years, he was on the Silk Road in Xi’an and his early dreams were coming true. Robert Friedlander’s next destinations(目的地)were Lanzhou , Dunhuang, Urumqi,etc. He will complete his trip in Pakistan. 61.The best headline for this newspaper article would be . A. The Kingdom of Bicycles B. A Beautiful Hotel in Xi’an C. Marco Polo and the Silk Road D. An American Achieving His Aims 二、针对性 针对性原则是对标题外延的种界定。概括性原则要求文章标题包括的主要内容。但如果标题过大，就违背了针对性原则。针对性原则要求标题不能太泛，而是要直接反映文章的主要内容。即标题的外延既不能太大也不能太小。 It seems that some people go out of their way to get into trouble. That’s more or less what happened the night that Nashville Police Officer Floyd Hyde was on duty. “I was on the way to a personal injury accident in West Nashville. As I got onto Highway 40,blue lights and sirens(警笛)going, I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off quickly down the highway. The driver somehow panicked(感到恐慌)at the sight of me. He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and began passing cars on the shoulder.” But Hyde couldn’t go after him. Taking care of injured people is always more important than worrying about speeders, so the officer had to stay on his way to the accident. But he did try to keep the Firebird in sight as he drove, hoping another nearby unit would be able to step in and stop the speeding car. As it turned out, keeping the Firebird in sight was not that difficult. Every turn the Pontiac made was the very turn the officer needed to get to the accident scene. Hyde followed the Pontiac all the way to his destination. At that point he found another unit had already arrived at the accident scene. His help wasn’t needed Now he was free to try to stop the driver of the Firebird, who by this time had developed something new to panic about . “Just about that time,” Hyde says, “I saw fire coming out from under that car, with blue smoke and oil going everywhere. He’d blown his engine. Now he had to stop.” “After I arrested him, I asked him why he was running. He told me he didn’t have a driver’s license(执照).” That accident cost the driver of the Firebird plenty a thousand dollars for the new engine not to mention the charges for driving without a license, attempting to run away, and dangerous driving. 67.What is probably the best title for the article? A. Losing His Way? B. Going My Way? C. Fun All the Way? D. Help on the Way? 三、醒目性 标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响文章的可读性。读者常从标题上阅读取舍。故标题一般应比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。所以在标题选择的过程中，在满足概括性和针对性的备件下，还要考虑标题的醒目性。要求标题简洁、突出、新颖，从而产生较强的视觉冲击力。 Moscow, Russia (Space news)-The computer is a better chess player,” insisted Yiktor Prozorov, the loser.“ It seemed as if it were laughing after every good move. I know I should have beaten it for the sake of mankind (为人类着想)，but I just couldn’t win.” he announced and shook his head sadly. Prozorov’s disappointment was shared by several grand masters who were present, some of whom were so upset that they shouted at the machine. Many chess players said that this meant the end of chess championship(锦标赛)around the world, since the fun had ken out of the game . The computer walked- or rather, rolled away with 5000 dollars in prize money and limited its remarks(评论)to a set of noises and lights . 76.Which of the following is the best title for this news paper article? A．5000 dollars goes to a computer! B. New invention: a laughing computer! C. World’s best chess player beaten! D. Computer defeats man in chess! 巩固练习题： Passage 1 Shanxi Province you may be offered brains to eat Frightened? You shouldn’t be because these brains are only a food, which is famous for its unusual name and rich nutrition(营养) Brains as a food were invented more than 300 years ago by Fu Shan, an artist whose mother had been ill for a long time. To help her become well again, he studied medicine and invented a kind of soup made of meat, vegetables and a number of Chinese medicines. Rice wine was also used in the soup to help illnesses caused by old age. After taking the soup his mother got better little by little and lived a long life. Fu’s soup became the talk of the town. Many people came to see him. One day a restaurant owner asked him what was in the soup.”I’ll tell you ,”Fu said.”But if your restaurant is going to sell the soup you must call it brains because of its shape and colour. And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother.” 61.The best headline for this newspaper article is . A.A Good Son B.A Special Soup C.How to Make Brains D.How to Live a Long Life Passage 2 We usually say that people have senses. Senses are the way that we learn what is happening around us. The five main senses are sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell. Each sense depends on a certain part of the body. This part of the body receives information and then this information is sent to the brain. For example, we use eyes to see the things around us. With ears we can hear the sounds. That is to say, eyes control sighting and ears control hearing. Skin controls touch. Taste depends on tongue while smell depends on nose. Besides, we also have senses of hunger, thirst and cold. 1.A good title for this passage is . A. Seeing and Hearing Are Important B. The Parts of the Body C. Getting Information for Our Body D. Senses Are Useful Passage 3 As prices and building costs keep rising, the “do it yourself(DIY)”trend(趋势)in the U.S. continues to grow. “ We needed furniture(家具)for our living room,” says John Ross, “and we just didn’t have enough money to buy it .So we decided to try making a few tables and chairs.” John got married six months ago, and like many young people these days, they are struggling to make a home at a time when the cost of living is very high. The Rosses took a 2-week course for$280 at a night school. Now they build all their furniture and make repairs around the house. Jim Hatfield has three boys and his wife died. He has a full-time job at home as well as in a shoe making factory. Last month, he received a car repair bill for $420. “I was deeply upset about it. I’ve finished a car repair course ,I should be able to fix the car by myself.” John and Jim are not unusual people. Most families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living .If you want to become a do-it-yourselfer, you can go to DIY classes. And for those who don’t have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself. 70.What would be the best title for the text？ A．The Joy of DIY B. You Can Do It Too! C. Welcome to Our DIY Course! D. Ross and Hatfield Believers in DIY Passage 4 A .Goods for auction(拍卖)sales B. Definition of bidding(喊价的定义) C. Way to sell more goods by auction D. Auction sales in history E. Brief introduction to auctions F. Making a larger profit(利润)as an auctioneer 80.______________________________ Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or “bids”, for the various items on sale .He encourages buyers to bid higher figures , and finally names the highest bidder as the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer strikes a small hammer on a table at which he stands . 81.______________________________ The ancient Roman probably invented sales by auction ,and the English word comes from the Latin auction, meaning “increasing”. The Romans usually sold in this way the goods taken in war. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ,goods were often sold “by the candle”, a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight. 82._____________________________ Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, skins ,wool, tea, furs, silk and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. 83._____________________________ An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by potential buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot“，is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in the order of numbers: he may wait until he notices the fact that certain buyers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in . 84.______________________________ The auctioneer’s services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible. He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low. He will also play on the opponents among his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other. Passage 5 When a new Harry Porter book hits the shelves , kids aren’t the only people who rejoice (兴高采烈) . Apparently doctors do too ! Doctors in England recently reported that when the last two Harry Porter books came out , the number of kids being treated for injuries in the hospital emergency room dropped sharply …… What is the best title for this passage ? A. Harry Portter Books Keep Kids Healthy B. Doctors Crazy About Harry Portter C. Study Shows Harry Portter Books a Success D. Harry Portter Books Popular With Doctors as well as Kids Passage 6   For years and years people have been saying that the railways are dead.  "We can do without railways."  People say ... as if motorcars and planes have made the railways unnecessary.  We all keep hearing that trains are slow, that they lose money, that they're dying.  But this is far from the truth:  In these days of expensive oil, the railways have become highly competitive with motorcars and planes.  If you want to carry people or goods from place to place, they are cheaper than planes.  And they have much in common with planes.  A plane goes in a straight line and so does a railway.  What is more, it takes you form the heart of a city into the heart of another.  It doesn't leave you up as a plane does, miles and miles from the city centre.  It doesn't hold you up as a car does, in endless traffic jams, and a single train can carry goods which a plane or motorcar could never do. Far from being dead, the railways are very much alive.  Modern railway lines give you a smooth, untroubled journey.  Where else can you eat well, sleep in comfort, feel safe and enjoy the scene while you are travelling at speed at the same time?  And we are only at the beginning.  For we have just entered the age of super-fast trains, trains travelling at 150 miles an hour and more.  Soon we will be wondering why we spent so much on motorcars we can't use because we have not enough money to buy the oil and planes we can't fly for the same reason. The best title for this passage may be "__________". A. Not the End But the Beginning B. Which is the Best: Train, Motorcar or Plane C. Trains are More Competitive than Motorcars or Planes D. Oh, Super-fast Trains 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $