专题01 选择性必修第二册Unit3～Unit4（期末复习知识清单）高二英语下学期译林版

专题01 选择性必修第二册Unit3~Unit4单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 3 Fit for life 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公6 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. physician n．______________ 2. chemist n．______________ 3. dentist n. ______________ 4. virus n．______________ 5. cancer n．______________ 6. means n．______________ 7. delete vt. ______________ ※8. restore vt. ______________ 9. weapon n．______________ 10. restrict vt. ______________ 11. prohibit vt. ______________ 12. flu n．______________ ※13. debate vt.& vi. ______________n.______________ ※14. outgoing adj. ______________ 15. patent n．______________adj.______________ 16. fuel vt.______________ n．______________ 17. solid adj.______________ ※18. switch vi.& vt. ______________ n．______________ 19. abuse vt. ______________n. ______________ ※20. widespread adj. ______________ 二、单词拓展 1.__________n. 药剂师 → __________n. 化学→ __________n. 化学物质 adj.化学的 2. __________n. 牙科医生 → __________adj.牙齿的 3. __________vi.专门研究→__________adj.专业的，专门的→ __________n. 专家；专科医生 ※4. __________vt. 影响；深深打动 →__________n. 影响；效果 →__________n.有效的 5. __________n. 病毒→__________adj. 病毒性的 6. __________v. 找到；发现；确认→__________n. 身份；特征 →__________n. 鉴定；识别 7. __________vi．& vt．联系；叙述，讲述；有亲戚关系→ __________adj．相关的；有(亲属)关系的→relation n．关系__________n．关系，联系 8. __________vt. 删除→__________n.删除；删减 9. __________vt. 恢复；修复→__________n. 修复；恢复；归还 10. __________adj. 最终的；最后的→__________adv.最终；根本上 11. __________adj. 正常的；标准的→__________adj.反常的；畸形的 12. __________adj. 根本的；基本的→__________adv. 根本地；基础地 ※13. __________vi．(arose，arisen)发生，出现；由(……)引起，(因……)产生 ；上升；起立；起身 14. __________vt.限制；束缚→__________adj.有限的；→__________n.限制规定；约束 ※15. __________vt．(尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能→__________n．禁止；禁令 16. __________vt. 阻挡；抵制→__________adj. 抵制的；有抵抗力的→__________n. 抵制；有抵抗力 17. __________vt. 配备；装备 →__________adj. 装备齐全的；有能力的→__________n. 设备 18. __________adj. 感激的→ __________adv. 感激地→ __________n. 感激 19. __________adj.有残疾的→__________vt. 使伤残；使不能运转 →__________n. 残疾；缺陷 20. __________n.习俗；惯例→__________adj.传统的;依照惯例的→__________adv. 照惯例 21. __________vt．使不安；打扰；搅乱；妨碍；__________adj．感到不安的；心烦意乱的 __________adj．令人不安的，引起烦恼的__________n．干扰；骚扰 ※22. __________vt．& vi．调整，适应, 校正__________n．调整;适应 __________adj．可调节的 23. __________adj.显然的，清楚的→ __________adv.显然地，明显地→__________n.证据，证明； 24. __________n. 诊所；临床实习→__________adj．临床的；临床诊断的 25. __________vt．检查；审查→__________n. 考试；审查；调查 26. __________adj．十分严重的；极为恶劣的→__________adv.十分严重地；恶劣地→__________n. 严重；严重性；严厉 ※27. __________adj.焦虑的,不安的→__________adv. 焦虑地，不安地→ __________n.焦虑；担心；渴望 28. __________vt.传染，感染→ __________n. 传染，感染→__________adj. 传染性的 29. __________vt．& vi．(withdrew; withdrawn) 脱离社会；使撤回；使退出；停止供应 30.__________n.象征；符号，代号→ __________v. 象征，代表 三、常考单词 1. specialize vi. 专门研究(或从事)，专攻 背重点 背写作佳句 1)specialize in 专门研究…… 2)specialization n. 专业化 3)special adj. 特别的；专用的 4)specially adv. 特别地；专门地 ① After I did my engineering degree, I began to specialize in computer technology. (陈述经历) ② The salesman advertised that they specialized in quality furniture. (商业用语) ③ [2020·全国Ⅱ卷阅读] It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books. (读后续写之情感描写) ④ [2020·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读] But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. (客观叙述) 2. being n. 生物；存在；本质，本性 背重点 背写作佳句 1) come into being 形成；产生 2) for the time being 暂时 3) with one's whole being 打心底；从心底里 ① No one knows how this custom came into being. (应用文写作之说明介绍) ② I am staying at a friend's house for the time being. (应用文写作之便条/书信) ③ I detest (憎恶) violence with my whole being. (读后续写之心理描写) ④ It's a strange being from another planet. (读后续写之科幻/奇遇描写) 3. affect vt. 影响；侵袭；打动 背重点 背写作佳句 1) affect sb. greatly / be deeply affected by 被深深打动 2) have an effect on 对……有影响 3)辨析 affect, effect与influence ① With the government's aid, those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. (应用文写作之新闻报道/倡议书) ② The audience were deeply affected by his speech. (读后续写之心理/反应描写) ③ His teaching methods still have a strong effect on young people. (应用文写作之人物介绍/建议信) ④ [2023·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文] This method may not be effective for everyone as each student's oral ability is different. (应用文写作之建议信/议论文) 4. relate vi.&vt. 联系；叙述 背重点 背写作佳句 1) relate to 涉及，与……相关 2) be related to 与……相关 3) relation n. 关系，联系 ① The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland. (应用文写作之说明/报告) ② Poor educational performance is related to emotional disturbance. (应用文写作之议论文/分析原因) ③ Our relations with neighbouring classes are worth praising at present. (应用文写作之汇报/总结) 5. restore vt. 恢复；修复；使复位 背重点 背写作佳句 1) restore ... to ... 使……恢复/复位 2) restoration n. 恢复；修复 ① We hope to restore the garden to its former glory. (应用文写作之倡议书/计划) ② The measures are intended to restore public confidence in the economy. (应用文写作之新闻报道/政策说明) ③ His visit is expected to lead to the restoration of diplomatic relations. (应用文写作之新闻报道) 6. arise vi. (arose, arisen) 发生；出现；由……引起 背重点 背写作佳句 1) arise from/out of(＝result from) 因……产生 2) arise from/out of a road accident 起因于交通事故 3) arise from/out of a physical cause 由身体原因引起 ① He recognized that most of his mistakes arose from his nervousness in the exam. (读后续写之心理描写/反思) ② When problems arise, she responded with her characteristic: “No problem, I can handle them.” (读后续写之人物刻画/语言描写) ③ The price of petrol has risen sharply since last month. (应用文写作之图表作文/新闻报道) ④ The prices were raised greatly because of rising costs in late 2020. (应用文写作之说明/报告) 7. restrict vt. 限制，限定；约束 背重点 背写作佳句 1) restrict ... to ... / be restricted to 限于……，局限于…… 2) restriction n. 限制，限定 ① I wouldn't restrict myself to one place when on campus. (应用文写作之观点表达/建议信) ② Entrance to universities and senior secondary schools was restricted in some areas in the 1980s. (应用文写作之历史回顾/说明) ③ The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something. (应用文写作之议论文/分析问题) 8. resistance n. 抵抗力；抵制；反抗 背重点 背写作佳句 1) resistance to 对……的抵制/抵抗力 2) resist (doing) sth. 抵制(做)某事 3) can't resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事 ① I had never encountered such resistance before. (读后续写之心理描写/叙述) ② Tom couldn't resist showing off his new car. (读后续写之动作/性格描写) ③ It's hard to resist an invitation like that. (应用文写作之感谢信/回复) 9. equip vt. 配备；使有能力 背重点 背写作佳句 1) equip ... with ... / be equipped with 配备…… 2) equip sb. for 使某人胜任…… 3) equipment n. [U] 设备 ① They have equipped themselves for the advertising campaign. (应用文写作之计划/准备) ② All classrooms of his school are equipped with modern teaching equipment. (应用文写作之学校介绍/建议信) ③ Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like about working here. (应用文写作之求职信/环境介绍) ④ The explorers were told to equip themselves with everything they would need for the voyage. (读后续写之探险/准备描写) 四．单元短语 1.__________ 专门研究（从事） ※2. __________ 受到影响 3.__________ 和......订立合同 4. __________ 迅速传播 5.__________ 为某事感激某人 6. __________ 涉及;与…….相关 7. __________通过；借助于 8. __________基本的；基础的 9. __________ 与……步调一致 10. __________ 确认/认出……是…… 11.__________由……引起/产生 ※12. __________ 禁止某人做某事 ※13. __________ 忍不住做某事 14. __________对某物有抵抗力 15. __________ 努力处理；全力解决 16. __________ 准备就绪 17.__________ 正在讨论中 ※18. __________ 使某人/某物配备 19.__________ 毫无疑问 20. __________ 加快..的步伐 21.__________ 高龄 22. __________ 自我封闭 23. __________ 正面处理这个问题 24. __________ 竭尽全力做…… ※25. __________ 调整以适应做某事 26. __________ 始于; 追溯到…… 27.__________ 引起了对..的担忧 28. __________ 转换；转向 29.__________ 恢复某人的视力 30. __________ 被广泛使用 五．单元佳句 1．句式：There's evidence that...有证据表明…… 【教材】 There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age... 有证据表明针刺疗法可追溯到石器时代…… 2．句式：so that引导目的状语从句 【教材】Needles are pushed into the skin at these points so that a health problem can be treated. 针在这些部位扎入皮肤，这样健康问题就可以得到处理。 3．句式：There's sth. to be done. 【教材】There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing. 关于基因组编辑技术这一主题，仍有许多有待探索和讨论的地方。 六．单元语法 现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时由“have/has been + 现在分词”构成，表示动作从过去某时开始，一直持续到现在，并可能继续下去，或者刚刚结束、对现在有影响。 [观察例句] 1. I’ve been waiting for an hour but she still hasn’t come. 2. My clothes are wet. I’ve been walking in the rain. 3. She has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks. 4. You have been playing the computer game the whole day. [归纳用法] 一、现在完成进行时的基本意义 1. 表示动作从过去发生，一直延续至今，并可能继续下去 I’ve been waiting for an hour but she still hasn’t come. 我已经等了一个小时，可她还没来。（可能继续等下去） 2. 表示动作延续至今刚刚结束，并对现在有影响 My clothes are wet. I’ve been walking in the rain. 我的衣服湿了，我一直在雨里走。（刚刚结束，结果是衣服湿了） 3. 表示动作重复（断断续续，并非一直不停） She has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks. 这两周她每晚都给吉姆打电话。（重复发生） 二、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别 对比项 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 强调重点 动作的完成或结果 动作的持续或重复 是否完成 通常已完成 可能未完成，或刚刚结束 例句 I have written three letters. （已写完） I have been writing the three letters. （一直在写，可能还没写完） 三、使用时需注意的几点 1．在与表示一段时间的状语（如 for two hours, since morning）连用时，两者有时可以互换，但侧重点不同 I have talked to the students for two hours. 强调可能已经结束。 I have been talking to the students for two hours. 强调可能还在继续。 2. 状态动词（如 be, belong, love, hate, want 等）一般不用于现在完成进行时，只能用现在完成时 正：I have known her for ten years. 误：I have been knowing her for ten years. 3. 在没有时间状语时，现在完成时表示动作已完成，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行 He has written an essay. （已写完） He has been writing an essay. （还在写） 4. 用 How long...? 询问目前正在进行的动作的时间长度时，多用现在完成进行时 How long have you been living in Tianjin? How long have you been listening to music? 5. 像 sit, lie, wait, stay, stand 等动词更倾向于用现在完成进行时 The old man has been sitting here all the morning. The students have been waiting for their teacher. 七．单元写作 写一篇调查报告 调查报告是一种常见的应用文体，通常采用表格、图表等形式呈现数据。写作时需运用叙述和说明的方法，把调查的背景、结果和结论交代清楚。 时态：以一般现在时为主，描述调查过程可用过去时。 人称：以第三人称为主。 [基本框架] 开头：介绍调查的目的、对象、方式及参与人数； 主体：描述调查结果（可用数据、对比、分类），并简要分析原因； 结尾：总结现象，提出个人建议或观点。 [常用词块] 1．conduct a survey among... 在……中做调查 2. account for... （数量上、比例上）占…… 3. suffer from... 患有…… 4. arise from... 由……引起 5. the percentage of... ……的百分比 6. as far as one is concerned 就某人而言 7. form good habits 养成良好的习惯 8. be close to... 靠近…… 9. take action to do... 采取行动做…… 10. relax one’s eyes from time to time 不时放松眼睛 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1．Recently I have conducted a survey among... 最近我在……中做了一项调查。 2. In order to find out...，we made a survey among... 为了了解……，我们在……中做了一次调查。 3. The survey shows that more and more students suffer from... 调查表明，越来越多的学生患有……。 ★正文佳句 1．The primary school students who are short-sighted account for 22.8%. 近视的小学生占22.8%。 2. The percentage of short-sightedness among junior school students is 56%. 初中生近视比例为56%。 3. Short-sightedness arises from several factors. 近视由几个因素引起。 4. By comparison with primary students, the percentage of senior students is much higher. 与小学生相比，高中生的比例要高得多。 5. The change largely results from the fact that students spend too much time in front of screens. 这一变化很大程度上是因为学生花太多时间在屏幕前。 ★余味结尾 1．As far as I’m concerned, we must take action to protect our eyes. 就我而言，我们必须采取行动保护眼睛。 2. It is necessary to form good reading habits. 养成良好的阅读习惯很有必要。 3. There is no doubt that attention must be paid to this problem. 毫无疑问，这个问题需要引起重视。 4. I suggest that students should relax their eyes from time to time. 我建议学生不时放松眼睛。 假定你是李华，你就你们城市中小学生的近视问题进行了一次调查。请你根据下面表格中的提示数据，用英语写一篇调查报告。 小学 初中 高中 22.8% 56% 72% 内容包括： 1．学生中近视的比例越来越大； 2．造成近视的原因分析； 3．你的建议。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Recently I have conducted a survey in our city, which shows more and more students suffer from short­sightedness. The primary school students who're short­sighted account for 22.8% while the percentage of short­sightedness among junior and senior school students is 56 and 72. Short­sightedness among students arises from several factors. As far as I'm concerned, we must take action to protect our eyes. It is necessary to form good reading habits, spend less time in front of screens and relax our eyes from time to time. Furthermore，remember to take in what is good for eyesight. Unit 4 Living with technology 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. capacity n. ______________ 2.analyse vt. (AmE analyze) ______________ 3.massive adj. ______________ 4.network n. ______________ ※5.breakthrough n. ______________ adj. ______________ 6.autonomous adj. ______________ 7.domestic adj. ______________ 8.threaten vt. ______________ 9.commit vt. ______________vi. ______________ ※10.urge vt. ______________n.______________ 11.pose vt. ______________ vi. ______________ n. ______________ ※12.demand vt. ______________ n. ______________ 13.victim n. ______________ 14.recognition n. ______________ 15.alternative n. ______________ adj. ______________ 16.predict vt. ______________ 17.decrease vt. & vi. ______________ n. ______________ ※18.deny vt. ______________ 19.contemporary adj. ______________ n. ______________ 20.virtual adj. ______________ 二、单词拓展 1. __________(AmE analyze) vt.分析→__________n. 分析，分析结果 (pl. analyses) →__________adj.分析的，解析的 ※2. __________adj. 巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的→__________n. 团；块；堆；大量 3. __________n. 财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理 vt. 提供资金→__________adj. 财政的；财务的；金融的；有钱的 4. __________adj. 自主的，有自主权的；自治的→__________n. 自治，自治权 5. __________vt. 危及，对……构成威胁；威胁，恐吓→__________n. 构成威胁的人(或事物)；威胁；恐吓；凶兆 6. __________vt. 犯(罪)；承诺，保证；花(钱或时间) vi. 全心全意投入，忠于→__________n. 承诺；已承诺的事；献身，投入；花费→__________adj.尽心尽力的 7. __________n. 罪，罪行；犯罪活动→__________n. 罪犯 adj. 犯罪的；刑法的；不道德的 8. __________vt. & n. 谋杀，凶杀→__________n. 杀人犯 ※9. __________vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策 n. 冲动，强烈的欲望 →__________adj. 紧急的；催促的；急切的→__________n.紧急，紧迫，迫切 10. __________n. 警告，先兆；警戒→__________v. 提醒；警告；告诫 11. __________vt.需要；强烈要求 n.要求，所需之物；需求，需要→__________adj.要求高的；苛求的 12. __________adj. 贪心的，贪婪的→__________n. 贪心；贪婪；贪食→__________adv. 贪婪地；贪食地 ※13. __________n. 识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识→__________v. 认出；认识；承认 14.__________n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的→__________adv.两者选一地→__________n.交替 15. __________n. 分发，分送；分配，分布→__________vt. 分发；分配；分销；使散开 ※16. __________vt. 预言，预告→__________n. 预言；预测；预告→__________adj.可预见的，可预料的 17.__________vt. 否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受→__________n. 否认，拒绝 18. __________adj. 不合法的，非法的→__________adj. 法律的；合法的→__________adv. 非法地 19. __________vt.& vi. 断定，推断出；达成，订立；(使)结束，终止→__________n. 结论；结束；结尾；结局；签订 20. __________adj. 合乎情理的，事出有因的；有正当理由的→__________v. 证明……有理；为……辩护；对……作出解释； 21. __________n. 优越感；优越性，优势→__________adj. 更好的；更高的；有优越感的； n. 上级；级别更高的人 22. __________n. 定义；释义，解释→__________vt. 阐明；界定；给(词语)下定义；描出……的界线→__________adj. 一定的；确切的→__________adv. 当然；明确地 23. __________adj. 实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的→__________adj.不切实际的 24. __________adj. 教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的→__________n. 专科院校；研究院，学会；(美国)私立学校 ※25. __________vt.& vi. 吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇用，聘用；与……建立密切关系 →__________n. 订婚；约会；交战→__________adj. 忙碌的；已订婚的；被占用的 1. __________adj.最初的，开始的 n. 首字母→__________adv.最初；开头 27. __________adj. 乐观的，抱乐观看法的→__________n. 乐观；乐观主义 ※28. __________vt. 使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰→__________adj. 恼怒；生气；烦恼 →__________adj. 使生气的；使恼怒的→__________n. 生气；烦恼；使人烦恼的事 1. __________n. 球体，球状体；地球仪；地球，世界→__________adj. 全球的；整体的；全面的 30. __________n. 费用；开销；开支→__________adj. 昂贵的 31. __________n. & vt. 羡慕，忌妒→__________adj. 忌妒的；羡慕的 三、常考单词 1. capacity n. 领悟能力；容量；职位；身份 背重点 背写作佳句 1) have a great capacity for/to do sth. 在……方面具有很强的能力/具有很强的做某事的能力 2) with a capacity of 容量为…… 3) in a(n)...capacity 以……身份 4) at full capacity 全力以赴，以全部力量 5) develop/improve the capacity 培养/提高能力 ① As a student, I believe I have the capacity to learn new skills quickly and contribute to the team. (应用文写作之求职信/自荐信) ② The hall was filled to capacity, with everyone waiting anxiously for the result. (读后续写之场景描写) ③ In my capacity as monitor, I would like to invite all of you to participate in the activity. (应用文写作之通知/倡议书) 2. breakthrough n. 重大进展，突破 背重点 背写作佳句 1) make/achieve a breakthrough in 在……方面取得突破 2) a major breakthrough in 在……方面的重要突破 3) break through 突破，冲破 ① With years of efforts, China has made a major breakthrough in space exploration. (应用文写作之新闻报道/介绍成就) ② After countless failures, the scientist finally achieved a breakthrough that would change the world. (读后续写之励志/成功描写) ③ It was a breakthrough moment when she realized she could overcome her fear of public speaking. (读后续写之心理成长描写) 3. pose vt. 造成，产生；提问；摆姿势 背重点 背写作佳句 1) pose for 为……摆好姿势 2) pose as 摆出……的样子，装作…… 3) pose a challenge/danger/risk 构成挑战/危险/风险 4) pose a question 提出问题 5) strike a pose 摆出某种姿态 ① The heavy rain posed a great challenge to the rescue work after the earthquake. (应用文写作之新闻报道/问题分析) ② She posed for a photo with a bright smile, trying to hide her nervousness. (读后续写之动作/心理描写) ③ Before the mirror, he struck a confident pose and said to himself, “I can do it.” (读后续写之动作/语言描写) 4. recognition n. 识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉 背重点 背写作佳句 1) beyond/out of recognition (变得)认不出来 2) in recognition of 以承认……；以嘉奖…… 3) recognize...as/to be... 承认/认出……是…… 4) be recognized as 被认为是…… ① [2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写] Without your recognition and guidance, I couldn't have written this article. (应用文写作之感谢信) ② The small village has changed beyond recognition in the past ten years. (应用文写作之家乡变化/对比) ③ His hard work was finally rewarded in recognition of his excellent performance. (应用文写作之表扬稿/颁奖词) 5. alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) an alternative to ……的替代品 2) have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只能做某事 3) alternative ways/methods 可供选择的方法 4) alternative energy 替代能源 ① We had no alternative but to wait for the rescue team in the heavy rain. (读后续写之困境/无奈描写) ② Online learning is a great alternative to traditional classes, especially during special times. (应用文写作之建议信/利弊分析) ③ Faced with two alternatives, he chose to fight rather than give up. (读后续写之心理抉择描写) 6. highlight n. 最精彩的部分 vt. 突出，强调 背重点 背写作佳句 1) highlight the importance 强调重要性 2) highlight the problem 强调问题 3)the highlight of ……的亮点/最精彩的部分 ① The highlight of my high school life is that I was selected as an excellent League branch secretary. (应用文写作之自我介绍/经历分享) ② This report highlights the importance of interaction between students and teachers in class. (应用文写作之报告/建议信) ③ She thinks her high school life is filled with highlights, such as being awarded the Queen of Dance. (应用文写作之经历回顾) 7. optimistic adj. 乐观的，抱乐观看法的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be optimistic about 对……很乐观 2) be optimistic that... 对……持乐观态度 3) keep/remain optimistic 保持乐观 4)反义词：pessimistic 悲观的 ① She is optimistic about her future and believes that her dream will come true. (读后续写之人物性格/心理描写) ② If you have an optimistic attitude towards life, you will always feel happy! (应用文写作之建议信/励志表达) ③ Despite all the difficulties, he remained optimistic and encouraged everyone around him. (读后续写之人物刻画/正面形象) 8. annoy vt. 使恼怒，使生气；打扰 背重点 背写作佳句 1) It annoys sb. when/to do... 当……/做……让某人生气 2) be annoyed with sb. 对某人生气 3) be annoyed at/about sth. 对……恼火 4) to one's annoyance 让某人恼火的是 ① To my great annoyance, the noise from the construction site kept me awake all night. (应用文写作之投诉信) ② She was annoyed with herself for making such a silly mistake in the exam. (读后续写之心理描写/自责) ③ It really annoys me when people interrupt others while they are speaking. (应用文写作之观点表达/议论文) 四．单元短语 1.__________ 建空中楼阁，幻想 ※2. __________ 有做某事的能力 3. __________ 一大笔钱 4. __________ 创造一个新术语 5. __________ 取得突破 6.__________简单举几个例子 7.__________ 国内航班 ※8.__________ 对…构成威胁 9. __________ 犯罪 10. __________ 致力于某事 ※11. __________ 催促某人做某事 12. __________ 满足需求 13. __________ 受伤；受损，被害 14. __________ 认不出 15. __________ 为了认可... ※16. __________ 别无选择只能做 17. __________ 另外的方法 18. __________ 替代能源 19. __________ 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始（笑，唱等）；顺利打入 20. __________ 做出关于..的预言，预测 21. __________不可否认的是.... 22. __________大量，大批 23. __________ 暗中监视，窥探 24. __________ 沉思；专心于 ※25. __________ 总之 26. __________ 得出结论 27. __________ 比....优越；优于... 28. __________ 虚拟图书馆/现实 29. __________处于最前沿 30. __________ 许多，大量 31. __________ 学业成绩 ※32. __________ 参与；忙于；从事 33. __________ 归结于，基本问题是 34. __________ 在牺牲（或损害）...的情况下 五．单元佳句 1．句式：the way＋定语从句 【教材】In short, this technology is transforming the way we live. 简而言之，这项技术正在改变我们的生活方式。 2．句式：There's no denying＋that从句． 无可否认…… 【教材】There can be no denying that the technology will have a huge impact on everyday life. 无可否认，这种技术将对日常生活产生重大影响。 3．句式：It won't＋be＋时间段＋before＋从句． 过不了多久就…… 【教材】It won't be long before virtual museums and interactive threeD exhibitions become common. 不久之后，虚拟博物馆和交互式三维展览就会变得普遍。 4．as well as结构 【教材】Read a book on AI to learn about its history and current applications, as well as how the technology is likely to develop in the future. 读一本关于人工智能的书，了解人工智能的历史和当前的应用情况，以及这项技术在未来的发展趋势。 六．单元语法 将来进行时 将来进行时由“will be + 现在分词”构成，表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或预料将要发生的动作。 [观察例句] 1. I will be watching the sunrise at the top of the mountain this time tomorrow. 2. I will be having a meeting tonight. 3. I suppose they will be leaving soon. 4. Maybe fewer people will be smoking in fifty years. 5. These monkeys are such quick thieves that they will be enjoying your bananas when you realize what has happened. [归纳用法] 一、 将来进行时的基本意义 1. 表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作 常与表示将来具体时间的状语连用，如： this time tomorrow（明天的这个时候） at 7:00 tomorrow（明天七点） at that time next week（下周的这个时候） from 8 to 10 tonight（今晚八点到十点） when you arrive（当你到达的时候） 例句：I will be watching the sunrise at the top of the mountain this time tomorrow. 明天的这个时候，我正在山顶看日出。 2. 表示预料不久要发生或势必发生的动作 这种用法不强调动作是否正在“进行”，而是表示一种客观的、必然的或按计划将发生的事。 例句：I suppose they will be leaving soon. 我猜他们很快就要离开了。 例句：Maybe fewer people will be smoking in fifty years. 五十年后，吸烟的人可能会更少。 二、将来进行时与一般将来时的区别 对比项 一般将来时（will do） 将来进行时（will be doing） 强调重点 主观意愿、决定、承诺、或单纯陈述将来事实 强调动作的“进行性”或“客观安排” 是否带有情感色彩 可带有意愿、答应、请求等 通常不带主观情感，更客观 是否询问计划 也可用于询问计划 用于礼貌地询问他人计划（不施加压力） 例句 I will help you tomorrow. （我愿意帮你） I will be helping my mother tomorrow morning. （只是陈述安排） 对比示例： When will you come back?（一般将来时，单纯询问） When will you be coming back?（将来进行时，语气更委婉，暗示“按你的计划”） 三、使用时需注意的几点 1. 将来进行时通常不与表示主观意愿的动词（如 hope, want, wish）连用 它更多用于陈述客观事实或安排。 2. 在口语中，将来进行时可用来礼貌地询问他人的计划，比一般将来时更客气： Will you be going to the supermarket?（委婉询问） Will you go to the supermarket?（更像是请求或问决定） 3. 将来进行时也常用于表示“纯粹将来”，即不带有说话人的主观判断，只是客观地预言将来某时的情况： This time next week, I’ll be lying on the beach. 下周这个时候，我正在海滩上躺着呢。 4. 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，将来进行时不可用，需用一般现在时代替： 误：If it will be raining tomorrow, we’ll stay at home. 正：If it is raining tomorrow, we’ll stay at home. 5. 与现在进行时表示将来的区别： 现在进行时表示将来：强调“按计划、安排”的动作（通常涉及人的行为，且有具体安排） I’m meeting him at 6. （约定好了） 将来进行时表示将来：更强调“在将来某一时刻正在做某事”，不一定事先安排 I’ll be meeting him at 6 tomorrow. （可能只是预知那时会见面） 七．单元写作 写一封书信 书信是以书面形式进行信息交流的手段之一，是最常用的应用文体。根据写信目的不同，英语书信一般可分为：邀请信、感谢信、申请信、道歉信、投诉信、告知信、推荐信、建议信和祝贺信等。 格式：包括信头、称呼、正文、结束语、签名等部分。 人称与时态：根据具体内容灵活运用，以第一人称为主，时态根据语境确定。 [基本框架] 开头：表明写信目的（如申请、感谢、邀请、建议等），交代背景； 主体：详细说明情况，列举理由、细节或建议； 结尾：表达期待、祝愿或请求回复。 [常用词块] 开头段 1. I’d like to apply for the position. 我想申请这个职位。 2. I can’t wait to share...with you. 我迫不及待想和你分享…… 3. Much to my regret, I was unable to... 很遗憾，我没能…… 4. Hearing that you are wanting a volunteer, I’d like to apply. 听说你们需要志愿者，我想申请。 5. Knowing that you’re coming to China, I can’t wait to share some tourist attractions with you. 了解到你要来中国，我迫不及待想分享一些景点。 中间段 1．Thanks to your generous help, without which I wouldn’t have made such great progress. 多亏你的慷慨帮助，否则我不会取得这么大进步。 2. It offers you an opportunity to do something interesting and creative. 它给你机会做有趣且有创意的事。 3. Not only am I outgoing and energetic but also I am optimistic and enthusiastic. 我不仅外向、精力充沛，而且乐观、热情。 4. I think I am qualified for the job, because I have a good knowledge of... 我认为我能胜任这份工作，因为我精通…… 5. The following are some details about... 以下是关于……的一些细节。 6. It would be a good idea if you read a book or listen to music. 如果你读书或听音乐，那会是个好主意。 7. The dumpling is a traditional food in China, which has a long history. 饺子是中国的传统食物，历史悠久。 结尾段 1．With best wishes. 致以诚挚的祝福。 2. I’m looking forward to hearing from you. 期待你的回信。 3. I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier. 如果你能尽早回复，我将不胜感激。 4. I hold the firm belief that you will get along well with your new classmates. 我坚信你会和新同学相处得很好。 5. It was kind and generous of you to do this for me, and I appreciate it more than I can say. 你为我这样做真是善良大方，我感激不尽。 6. Do come to China and experience the traditions and customs in person. 一定要来中国亲身体验传统与习俗。 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1. I am writing to apply for the position of volunteer in your team. 我写信是想申请你们团队志愿者的职位。 2. Knowing that you are coming to China, I can’t wait to share some advice with you. 得知你要来中国，我迫不及待想和你分享一些建议。 3. Much to my regret, I was unable to attend the party. 很遗憾，我未能参加聚会。 ★正文佳句 1. Not only am I outgoing, but also I am responsible and hard-working. 我不仅外向，而且有责任心、勤奋。 2. The following are some details about Chinese customs. 以下是一些关于中国习俗的细节。 3. It would be a wise choice if you bring a small gift, such as flowers or fruit. 如果你带一份小礼物，比如花或水果，会是个明智的选择。 4. Thanks to your kind help, I have made great progress in English. 多亏你的帮助，我的英语取得了很大进步。 ★余味结尾 1．I’m looking forward to your early reply. 期待你的早日回复。 2. I hold the firm belief that you will have a wonderful time in China. 我坚信你会在中国度过美好时光。 3. Do come to my hometown and experience the customs in person. 一定要来我的家乡亲身体验这些习俗。 假定你是李华，你校要制作一个时间胶囊，向你校学生征集一封给2050年人们的书信。请你用英语写一封信，向校报投稿。要点包括： 1．你所处时代的生活如何； 2．介绍一种科技产品，解释它如何改变人们的生活； 3．以对未来的希望和祝愿结束信件。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear friends in 2050， I am Li Hua，a boy living in the 2021s.I'm honored to have a chance to write to you to talk about our time. Our age has witnessed the improvement in the environment，many great inventions and scientific breakthroughs，which have changed our life and our knowledge of the world. Drones，high­speed rails，smartphones，cloning and genome editing all have a great effect on our lives. Take smartphones for example. They have a large quantity of functions and are popular with all ages. Combined with the powerful Internet and various apps，they make almost everything in our life more convenient and efficient，including shopping，communication，office work and study，to name but a few. There is no doubt that our life will be better and better with the development of science and technology. Hope your life will be better and more pleasant. Best wishes. Yours sincerely， Li Hua . 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式。 1. The theatre has a seating __________(容量) of 2,000. 2. We haven’t had time to __________ (分析) those samples yet. 3. Schools are the latest __________(受害者) of cuts in public spending. 4. Some of the victims are complaining loudly about the uneven __________(分配) of emergency aid. 5. As a student, I believe I have the __________(能力) to learn new skills quickly. 6. The winner would be able to claim technological __________(优势) over the other. 7. Guangxi Zhuang __________(自治的) Region is boasted for its picturesque scenery. 8. The data is limited in terms of both quality and __________(数量). 9. Like most of my __________(同代人), I grew up in a vastly different world. 10. After countless failures, the scientist finally achieved a b__________ that would change the world. 11. The heavy rain p__________ a great challenge to the rescue work after the earthquake. 12. The small village has changed beyond r__________ in the past ten years. 13. Faced with two a__________, he chose to fight rather than give up. 14, The h__________ of my high school life is that I was selected as an excellent League branch secretary. 15, Despite all the difficulties, he remained o__________ and encouraged everyone around him. 16, To my great a__________, the noise from the construction site kept me awake all night. 17. He has a number of social e__________next week. 18. Alcohol can also damage the liver and do great harm if consumed in large q__________. 19. The young are quick to respond to changes and are at the f__________ of new trends in society. 20. Startup biofuels companies were getting funded at a rapid pace, new solar companies were growing in large q__________. 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. When we asked her that day, she denied __________(know) anything about the accident. 2. There is no __________(deny) that the technology will have a huge impact on daily life. 3. This time tomorrow, the organization __________ (distribute) food to the earthquake victims. 4. It will be some time before we __________(know) the full results. 5. Large quantities of water in the lake __________ (pollute), terrible smells coming out from time to time. 6. That he is greedy __________phone games makes him become a victim of poor health. 7. He has a great capacity __________learning languages. 8. The news __________(apparent) came as a complete surprise. 9. He glanced briefly towards her but there was no sign of __________(recognize). 10. It took the judge some time to reach the __________(conclude) that she was guilty. 11. There are some obvious __________(practice) applications of the research. 12. He always gets __________(annoy) when I beat him at basketball. 13. He tried to return to work, but found he could no longer cope with his __________(demand) job. 14. It's reported that a host of theft cases that happened in this area have been looked into and new ones decreased __________10%. 15. In practice, they have the superiority __________ us but they haven't caught the opportunity. 16. Under the threat of illness, they are still __________(engage) in medical work, which is really admirable. 17. The failure of the examination boils __________to his lack of effort, his carelessness, to name but a few. 18. He is optimistic about the __________(practice) value of the headset and actively attends the research. 19. Some hackers broke __________some systems via the app and brought quantities of trouble to people. 20. They demanded that we __________(make) a quick definition to be buried in our studying. 三、完成句子。 1. 讨人喜欢不仅与积极的人生结果有关，而且还对那些结果负责。 _____________________ is likability related to positive life outcomes,_____________________ responsible for those outcomes, too. 2. 科学家在机器人技术方面取得了很大的进展。 Scientists have _____________________ robotic technology in recent years. 3. 自从那次事故以来，我一直在等待这个机会。 I have been waiting for this chance _____________________. 4. 为了营造学习环境，他们别无选择，只好关闭附近的娱乐场所。 To create a learning environment, they _____________________ close the nearby entertainment venues. 5. 无可否认，无人机确实给航空公司带来了诸多麻烦。 _____________________ drones have brought a lot of trouble to airlines. 6. 如果当时我们了解国内市场的话，我们的产品就不会滞销了。 If we had understood the domestic market at that time, our products _____________________. 7.只有这样，他才能要求别人遵守班级纪律。 Only in this way _____________________ others obey (obey) the class discipline. 8.他们要求我们快速下定义，以便专心投入到学习中。 They demanded that we_____________________ be buried in our studying. 9.她正坐在那里，头埋在报纸里。 She was sitting _____________________. 10. 我坚信你会和新同学相处得很好。 I hold the firm belief that you will _____________________. 11. 就我而言，我们必须采取行动保护眼睛。 _____________________, we must take action to protect our eyes. 12. 养成良好的阅读习惯很有必要。 _____________________ form good reading habits. 13. 我建议学生不时放松眼睛。 I suggest that students should _____________________. 14. 与小学生相比，高中生的近视比例要高得多。 _____________________ primary students, the percentage of senior students is much higher. 15. 这一变化很大程度上是因为学生花太多时间在屏幕前。 The change largely results from the fact that students _____________________. 16. 毫无疑问，这个问题需要引起重视。 There is no doubt that attention _____________________. 17. 如果你能尽早回复，我将不胜感激。 _____________________you could reply earlier. 18. 一定要来中国亲身体验这些传统和习俗。 Do come to China and _____________________in person. 19. 这个体育馆可供健全人和残疾人使用。 The gym can be used by both able-bodied and __________(disable) people. 20. 她经历了婚姻破裂后的情绪调整期。 She went through a period of emotional __________(adjust) after her marriage broke up. $专题01 选择性必修第二册Unit3~Unit4单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 3 Fit for life 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公6 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. physician n．医师，内科医生 2. chemist n．药剂师，药商;化学家 3. dentist n. 牙科医生 4. virus n．病毒;(计算机程序中的)病毒 5. cancer n．癌症;邪恶，毒瘤 6. means n．方法，方式;财富，钱财 7. delete vt. 删去，删除 ※8. restore vt. 恢复;修复;使复原，使复位 9. weapon n．武器，手段;兵器 10. restrict vt. 限制，限定;束缚，妨碍;约束，管束 11. prohibit vt. (尤指以法令)禁止;使不可能 12. flu n．流行性感冒，流感 ※13. debate vt.& vi. 讨论，辩论;仔细考虑，思考n.讨论，争论;辩论 ※14. outgoing adj. 外向的 15. patent n．专利，专利证书adj.有专利的，受专利保护的 16. fuel vt.增加，刺激;给……提供燃料 n．燃料 17. solid adj.实心的;固体的;结实的;纯色的 ※18. switch vi.& vt. 转变;变换;调班 n．开关，闸;转变，改变 19. abuse vt. 滥用;虐待;辱骂n. 滥用;虐待;辱骂 ※20. widespread adj. 分布广的，普遍的，广泛的 二、单词拓展 1.chemist n. 药剂师 → chemistry n. 化学→ chemical n. 化学物质 adj.化学的 2. dentist n. 牙科医生 → dental adj.牙齿的 3. specialize vi.专门研究→specialized adj.专业的，专门的→ specialist n. 专家；专科医生 ※4. affect vt. 影响；深深打动 →effect n. 影响；效果 →effective n.有效的 5. virus n. 病毒→viral adj. 病毒性的 6. identify v. 找到；发现；确认→identity n. 身份；特征 →identification n. 鉴定；识别 7. relate vi．& vt．联系；叙述，讲述；有亲戚关系→ related adj．相关的；有(亲属)关系的→relation n．关系relationship n．关系，联系 8. delete vt. 删除→deletion n.删除；删减 9. restore vt. 恢复；修复→restoration n. 修复；恢复；归还 10. ultimate adj. 最终的；最后的→ultimately adv.最终；根本上 11. normal adj. 正常的；标准的→abnormal adj.反常的；畸形的 12. fundamental adj. 根本的；基本的→fundamentally adv. 根本地；基础地 ※13. arise vi．(arose，arisen)发生，出现；由(……)引起，(因……)产生 ；上升；起立；起身 14. restrict vt.限制；束缚→restricted adj.有限的；→restriction n.限制规定；约束 ※15. prohibit vt．(尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能→prohibition n．禁止；禁令 16. resist vt. 阻挡；抵制→resistant adj. 抵制的；有抵抗力的→resistance n. 抵制；有抵抗力 17. equip vt. 配备；装备 →equipped adj. 装备齐全的；有能力的→equipment n. 设备 18. grateful adj. 感激的→ gratefully adv. 感激地→ gratitude n. 感激 19. disabled adj.有残疾的→disable vt. 使伤残；使不能运转 →disability n. 残疾；缺陷 20. convention n.习俗；惯例→conventional adj.传统的;依照惯例的→conventionally adv. 照惯例 21. disturb vt．使不安；打扰；搅乱；妨碍；disturbed adj．感到不安的；心烦意乱的 disturbing adj．令人不安的，引起烦恼的disturbance n．干扰；骚扰 ※22. adjust vt．& vi．调整，适应, 校正adjustment n．调整;适应 adjustable adj．可调节的 23. evident adj.显然的，清楚的→ evidently adv.显然地，明显地→evidence n.证据，证明； 24. clinic n. 诊所；临床实习→clinical adj．临床的；临床诊断的 25. examine vt．检查；审查→examination n. 考试；审查；调查 26. severe adj．十分严重的；极为恶劣的→severely adv.十分严重地；恶劣地→severity n. 严重；严重性；严厉 ※27. anxious adj.焦虑的,不安的→anxiously adv. 焦虑地，不安地→ anxiety n.焦虑；担心；渴望 28. infect vt.传染，感染→ infection n. 传染，感染→infectious adj. 传染性的 29. withdraw vt．& vi．(withdrew; withdrawn) 脱离社会；使撤回；使退出；停止供应 30.symbol n.象征；符号，代号→ symbolize v. 象征，代表 三、常考单词 1. specialize vi. 专门研究(或从事)，专攻 背重点 背写作佳句 1)specialize in 专门研究…… 2)specialization n. 专业化 3)special adj. 特别的；专用的 4)specially adv. 特别地；专门地 ① After I did my engineering degree, I began to specialize in computer technology. (陈述经历) ② The salesman advertised that they specialized in quality furniture. (商业用语) ③ [2020·全国Ⅱ卷阅读] It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books. (读后续写之情感描写) ④ [2020·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读] But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. (客观叙述) 2. being n. 生物；存在；本质，本性 背重点 背写作佳句 1) come into being 形成；产生 2) for the time being 暂时 3) with one's whole being 打心底；从心底里 ① No one knows how this custom came into being. (应用文写作之说明介绍) ② I am staying at a friend's house for the time being. (应用文写作之便条/书信) ③ I detest (憎恶) violence with my whole being. (读后续写之心理描写) ④ It's a strange being from another planet. (读后续写之科幻/奇遇描写) 3. affect vt. 影响；侵袭；打动 背重点 背写作佳句 1) affect sb. greatly / be deeply affected by 被深深打动 2) have an effect on 对……有影响 3)辨析 affect, effect与influence ① With the government's aid, those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. (应用文写作之新闻报道/倡议书) ② The audience were deeply affected by his speech. (读后续写之心理/反应描写) ③ His teaching methods still have a strong effect on young people. (应用文写作之人物介绍/建议信) ④ [2023·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文] This method may not be effective for everyone as each student's oral ability is different. (应用文写作之建议信/议论文) 4. relate vi.&vt. 联系；叙述 背重点 背写作佳句 1) relate to 涉及，与……相关 2) be related to 与……相关 3) relation n. 关系，联系 ① The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland. (应用文写作之说明/报告) ② Poor educational performance is related to emotional disturbance. (应用文写作之议论文/分析原因) ③ Our relations with neighbouring classes are worth praising at present. (应用文写作之汇报/总结) 5. restore vt. 恢复；修复；使复位 背重点 背写作佳句 1) restore ... to ... 使……恢复/复位 2) restoration n. 恢复；修复 ① We hope to restore the garden to its former glory. (应用文写作之倡议书/计划) ② The measures are intended to restore public confidence in the economy. (应用文写作之新闻报道/政策说明) ③ His visit is expected to lead to the restoration of diplomatic relations. (应用文写作之新闻报道) 6. arise vi. (arose, arisen) 发生；出现；由……引起 背重点 背写作佳句 1) arise from/out of(＝result from) 因……产生 2) arise from/out of a road accident 起因于交通事故 3) arise from/out of a physical cause 由身体原因引起 ① He recognized that most of his mistakes arose from his nervousness in the exam. (读后续写之心理描写/反思) ② When problems arise, she responded with her characteristic: “No problem, I can handle them.” (读后续写之人物刻画/语言描写) ③ The price of petrol has risen sharply since last month. (应用文写作之图表作文/新闻报道) ④ The prices were raised greatly because of rising costs in late 2020. (应用文写作之说明/报告) 7. restrict vt. 限制，限定；约束 背重点 背写作佳句 1) restrict ... to ... / be restricted to 限于……，局限于…… 2) restriction n. 限制，限定 ① I wouldn't restrict myself to one place when on campus. (应用文写作之观点表达/建议信) ② Entrance to universities and senior secondary schools was restricted in some areas in the 1980s. (应用文写作之历史回顾/说明) ③ The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something. (应用文写作之议论文/分析问题) 8. resistance n. 抵抗力；抵制；反抗 背重点 背写作佳句 1) resistance to 对……的抵制/抵抗力 2) resist (doing) sth. 抵制(做)某事 3) can't resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事 ① I had never encountered such resistance before. (读后续写之心理描写/叙述) ② Tom couldn't resist showing off his new car. (读后续写之动作/性格描写) ③ It's hard to resist an invitation like that. (应用文写作之感谢信/回复) 9. equip vt. 配备；使有能力 背重点 背写作佳句 1) equip ... with ... / be equipped with 配备…… 2) equip sb. for 使某人胜任…… 3) equipment n. [U] 设备 ① They have equipped themselves for the advertising campaign. (应用文写作之计划/准备) ② All classrooms of his school are equipped with modern teaching equipment. (应用文写作之学校介绍/建议信) ③ Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like about working here. (应用文写作之求职信/环境介绍) ④ The explorers were told to equip themselves with everything they would need for the voyage. (读后续写之探险/准备描写) 四．单元短语 1.specialize in 专门研究（从事） ※2. be affected by ... 受到影响 3.make a contract with... 和......订立合同 4. go viral 迅速传播 5.be grateful to sb for sth/ in gratitude for 为某事感激某人 6. relate to 涉及;与…….相关 7. by means of...通过；借助于 8. be fundamental to... 基本的；基础的 9. keep pace with 与……步调一致 10. identify... as... 确认/认出……是…… 11.arise from =arise out of由……引起/产生 ※12. prohibit sb from ding... 禁止某人做某事 ※13. can't resist/help doing sth 忍不住做某事 14. be resistant to sth.对某物有抵抗力 15. wrestle with... 努力处理；全力解决 16. put sth in place 准备就绪 17.under debate 正在讨论中 ※18. equip sb/sth with sth 使某人/某物配备 19.without doubt 毫无疑问 20. quicken the pace of 加快..的步伐 21.a ripe old age 高龄 22. withdraw into oneself 自我封闭 23. tackle the problem head-on 正面处理这个问题 24. go to great lengths to do 竭尽全力做…… ※25. adjust oneself to doing sth 调整以适应做某事 26. date back to... 始于; 追溯到…… 27.fuel concerns about 引起了对..的担忧 28. switch to 转换；转向 29.restore one’s vision 恢复某人的视力 30. come into widespread use 被广泛使用 五．单元佳句 1．句式：There's evidence that...有证据表明…… 【教材】 There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age... 有证据表明针刺疗法可追溯到石器时代…… 2．句式：so that引导目的状语从句 【教材】Needles are pushed into the skin at these points so that a health problem can be treated. 针在这些部位扎入皮肤，这样健康问题就可以得到处理。 3．句式：There's sth. to be done. 【教材】There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing. 关于基因组编辑技术这一主题，仍有许多有待探索和讨论的地方。 六．单元语法 现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时由“have/has been + 现在分词”构成，表示动作从过去某时开始，一直持续到现在，并可能继续下去，或者刚刚结束、对现在有影响。 [观察例句] 1. I’ve been waiting for an hour but she still hasn’t come. 2. My clothes are wet. I’ve been walking in the rain. 3. She has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks. 4. You have been playing the computer game the whole day. [归纳用法] 一、现在完成进行时的基本意义 1. 表示动作从过去发生，一直延续至今，并可能继续下去 I’ve been waiting for an hour but she still hasn’t come. 我已经等了一个小时，可她还没来。（可能继续等下去） 2. 表示动作延续至今刚刚结束，并对现在有影响 My clothes are wet. I’ve been walking in the rain. 我的衣服湿了，我一直在雨里走。（刚刚结束，结果是衣服湿了） 3. 表示动作重复（断断续续，并非一直不停） She has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks. 这两周她每晚都给吉姆打电话。（重复发生） 二、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别 对比项 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 强调重点 动作的完成或结果 动作的持续或重复 是否完成 通常已完成 可能未完成，或刚刚结束 例句 I have written three letters. （已写完） I have been writing the three letters. （一直在写，可能还没写完） 三、使用时需注意的几点 1．在与表示一段时间的状语（如 for two hours, since morning）连用时，两者有时可以互换，但侧重点不同 I have talked to the students for two hours. 强调可能已经结束。 I have been talking to the students for two hours. 强调可能还在继续。 2. 状态动词（如 be, belong, love, hate, want 等）一般不用于现在完成进行时，只能用现在完成时 正：I have known her for ten years. 误：I have been knowing her for ten years. 3. 在没有时间状语时，现在完成时表示动作已完成，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行 He has written an essay. （已写完） He has been writing an essay. （还在写） 4. 用 How long...? 询问目前正在进行的动作的时间长度时，多用现在完成进行时 How long have you been living in Tianjin? How long have you been listening to music? 5. 像 sit, lie, wait, stay, stand 等动词更倾向于用现在完成进行时 The old man has been sitting here all the morning. The students have been waiting for their teacher. 七．单元写作 写一篇调查报告 调查报告是一种常见的应用文体，通常采用表格、图表等形式呈现数据。写作时需运用叙述和说明的方法，把调查的背景、结果和结论交代清楚。 时态：以一般现在时为主，描述调查过程可用过去时。 人称：以第三人称为主。 [基本框架] 开头：介绍调查的目的、对象、方式及参与人数； 主体：描述调查结果（可用数据、对比、分类），并简要分析原因； 结尾：总结现象，提出个人建议或观点。 [常用词块] 1．conduct a survey among... 在……中做调查 2. account for... （数量上、比例上）占…… 3. suffer from... 患有…… 4. arise from... 由……引起 5. the percentage of... ……的百分比 6. as far as one is concerned 就某人而言 7. form good habits 养成良好的习惯 8. be close to... 靠近…… 9. take action to do... 采取行动做…… 10. relax one’s eyes from time to time 不时放松眼睛 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1．Recently I have conducted a survey among... 最近我在……中做了一项调查。 2. In order to find out...，we made a survey among... 为了了解……，我们在……中做了一次调查。 3. The survey shows that more and more students suffer from... 调查表明，越来越多的学生患有……。 ★正文佳句 1．The primary school students who are short-sighted account for 22.8%. 近视的小学生占22.8%。 2. The percentage of short-sightedness among junior school students is 56%. 初中生近视比例为56%。 3. Short-sightedness arises from several factors. 近视由几个因素引起。 4. By comparison with primary students, the percentage of senior students is much higher. 与小学生相比，高中生的比例要高得多。 5. The change largely results from the fact that students spend too much time in front of screens. 这一变化很大程度上是因为学生花太多时间在屏幕前。 ★余味结尾 1．As far as I’m concerned, we must take action to protect our eyes. 就我而言，我们必须采取行动保护眼睛。 2. It is necessary to form good reading habits. 养成良好的阅读习惯很有必要。 3. There is no doubt that attention must be paid to this problem. 毫无疑问，这个问题需要引起重视。 4. I suggest that students should relax their eyes from time to time. 我建议学生不时放松眼睛。 假定你是李华，你就你们城市中小学生的近视问题进行了一次调查。请你根据下面表格中的提示数据，用英语写一篇调查报告。 小学 初中 高中 22.8% 56% 72% 内容包括： 1．学生中近视的比例越来越大； 2．造成近视的原因分析； 3．你的建议。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Recently I have conducted a survey in our city, which shows more and more students suffer from short­sightedness. The primary school students who're short­sighted account for 22.8% while the percentage of short­sightedness among junior and senior school students is 56 and 72. Short­sightedness among students arises from several factors. As far as I'm concerned, we must take action to protect our eyes. It is necessary to form good reading habits, spend less time in front of screens and relax our eyes from time to time. Furthermore，remember to take in what is good for eyesight. Unit 4 Living with technology 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. capacity n. 领悟（或理解、办事）能力；容量，容积；职位，职责；生产量 2.analyse vt. (AmE analyze) 分析 3.massive adj. 巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的 4.network n. 网络，网状系统；关系网，人际网；（互联）网络 ※5.breakthrough n. 重大进展，突破 adj. 突破性的 6.autonomous adj. 自主的，有自主权的；自治的 7.domestic adj. 家庭的，家用的；本国的，国内的 8.threaten vt. 危及，对…构成威胁；威胁，恐吓 9.commit vt. 犯（罪）；承诺，保证；花（钱或时间） vi. 全身心投入，忠于 ※10.urge vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策 n. 冲动，强烈的欲望 11.pose vt. 造成，产生；提问，质询 vi. 摆好姿势 n. 姿势 ※12.demand vt. 需要；强烈要求 n. 要求，所需之物；需求，需要 13.victim n. 受害者，牺牲品；受骗者；祭品 14.recognition n. 识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识 15.alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 16.predict vt. 预言，预告 17.decrease vt. & vi. 减少，降低 n. 减少，降低 ※18.deny vt. 否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受 19.contemporary adj. 当代的，现代的；属同时期的，同一时代的 n. 同代人，同辈人 20.virtual adj. 虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的，事实上的 二、单词拓展 1. analyse (AmE analyze) vt.分析→analysis n. 分析，分析结果 (pl. analyses) →analytical adj.分析的，解析的 ※2. massive adj. 巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的→mass n. 团；块；堆；大量 3. finance n. 财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理 vt. 提供资金→financial adj. 财政的；财务的；金融的；有钱的 4. autonomous adj. 自主的，有自主权的；自治的→autonomy n. 自治，自治权 5. threaten vt. 危及，对……构成威胁；威胁，恐吓→threat n. 构成威胁的人(或事物)；威胁；恐吓；凶兆 6. commit vt. 犯(罪)；承诺，保证；花(钱或时间) vi. 全心全意投入，忠于→commitment n. 承诺；已承诺的事；献身，投入；花费→committed adj.尽心尽力的 7. crime n. 罪，罪行；犯罪活动→criminal n. 罪犯 adj. 犯罪的；刑法的；不道德的 8. murder vt. & n. 谋杀，凶杀→murderer n. 杀人犯 ※9. urge vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策 n. 冲动，强烈的欲望 →urgent adj. 紧急的；催促的；急切的→urgency n.紧急，紧迫，迫切 10. warning n. 警告，先兆；警戒→warn v. 提醒；警告；告诫 11. demand vt.需要；强烈要求 n.要求，所需之物；需求，需要→demanding adj.要求高的；苛求的 12. greedy adj. 贪心的，贪婪的→greed n. 贪心；贪婪；贪食→greedily adv. 贪婪地；贪食地 ※13. recognition n. 识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识→recognize v. 认出；认识；承认 14.alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的→alternatively adv.两者选一地→alternation n.交替 15. distribution n. 分发，分送；分配，分布→distribute vt. 分发；分配；分销；使散开 ※16. predict vt. 预言，预告→prediction n. 预言；预测；预告→predictable adj.可预见的，可预料的 17.deny vt. 否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受→denial n. 否认，拒绝 18. illegal adj. 不合法的，非法的→legal adj. 法律的；合法的→illegally adv. 非法地 19. conclude vt.& vi. 断定，推断出；达成，订立；(使)结束，终止→conclusion n. 结论；结束；结尾；结局；签订 20. justified adj. 合乎情理的，事出有因的；有正当理由的→justify v. 证明……有理；为……辩护；对……作出解释； 21. superiority n. 优越感；优越性，优势→superior adj. 更好的；更高的；有优越感的； n. 上级；级别更高的人 22. definition n. 定义；释义，解释→define vt. 阐明；界定；给(词语)下定义；描出……的界线→definitely adj. 一定的；确切的→definitely adv. 当然；明确地 23. practical adj. 实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的→impractical adj.不切实际的 24. academic adj. 教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的→academy n. 专科院校；研究院，学会；(美国)私立学校 ※25. engage vt.& vi. 吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇用，聘用；与……建立密切关系 →engagement n. 订婚；约会；交战→engaged adj. 忙碌的；已订婚的；被占用的 1. initial adj.最初的，开始的 n. 首字母→initially adv.最初；开头 27. optimistic adj. 乐观的，抱乐观看法的→optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义 ※28. annoy vt. 使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰→annoyed adj. 恼怒；生气；烦恼 →annoying adj. 使生气的；使恼怒的→annoyance n. 生气；烦恼；使人烦恼的事 1. globe n. 球体，球状体；地球仪；地球，世界→global adj. 全球的；整体的；全面的 30. expense n. 费用；开销；开支→expensive adj. 昂贵的 31. envy n. & vt. 羡慕，忌妒→envious adj. 忌妒的；羡慕的 三、常考单词 1. capacity n. 领悟能力；容量；职位；身份 背重点 背写作佳句 1) have a great capacity for/to do sth. 在……方面具有很强的能力/具有很强的做某事的能力 2) with a capacity of 容量为…… 3) in a(n)...capacity 以……身份 4) at full capacity 全力以赴，以全部力量 5) develop/improve the capacity 培养/提高能力 ① As a student, I believe I have the capacity to learn new skills quickly and contribute to the team. (应用文写作之求职信/自荐信) ② The hall was filled to capacity, with everyone waiting anxiously for the result. (读后续写之场景描写) ③ In my capacity as monitor, I would like to invite all of you to participate in the activity. (应用文写作之通知/倡议书) 2. breakthrough n. 重大进展，突破 背重点 背写作佳句 1) make/achieve a breakthrough in 在……方面取得突破 2) a major breakthrough in 在……方面的重要突破 3) break through 突破，冲破 ① With years of efforts, China has made a major breakthrough in space exploration. (应用文写作之新闻报道/介绍成就) ② After countless failures, the scientist finally achieved a breakthrough that would change the world. (读后续写之励志/成功描写) ③ It was a breakthrough moment when she realized she could overcome her fear of public speaking. (读后续写之心理成长描写) 3. pose vt. 造成，产生；提问；摆姿势 背重点 背写作佳句 1) pose for 为……摆好姿势 2) pose as 摆出……的样子，装作…… 3) pose a challenge/danger/risk 构成挑战/危险/风险 4) pose a question 提出问题 5) strike a pose 摆出某种姿态 ① The heavy rain posed a great challenge to the rescue work after the earthquake. (应用文写作之新闻报道/问题分析) ② She posed for a photo with a bright smile, trying to hide her nervousness. (读后续写之动作/心理描写) ③ Before the mirror, he struck a confident pose and said to himself, “I can do it.” (读后续写之动作/语言描写) 4. recognition n. 识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉 背重点 背写作佳句 1) beyond/out of recognition (变得)认不出来 2) in recognition of 以承认……；以嘉奖…… 3) recognize...as/to be... 承认/认出……是…… 4) be recognized as 被认为是…… ① [2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写] Without your recognition and guidance, I couldn't have written this article. (应用文写作之感谢信) ② The small village has changed beyond recognition in the past ten years. (应用文写作之家乡变化/对比) ③ His hard work was finally rewarded in recognition of his excellent performance. (应用文写作之表扬稿/颁奖词) 5. alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) an alternative to ……的替代品 2) have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只能做某事 3) alternative ways/methods 可供选择的方法 4) alternative energy 替代能源 ① We had no alternative but to wait for the rescue team in the heavy rain. (读后续写之困境/无奈描写) ② Online learning is a great alternative to traditional classes, especially during special times. (应用文写作之建议信/利弊分析) ③ Faced with two alternatives, he chose to fight rather than give up. (读后续写之心理抉择描写) 6. highlight n. 最精彩的部分 vt. 突出，强调 背重点 背写作佳句 1) highlight the importance 强调重要性 2) highlight the problem 强调问题 3)the highlight of ……的亮点/最精彩的部分 ① The highlight of my high school life is that I was selected as an excellent League branch secretary. (应用文写作之自我介绍/经历分享) ② This report highlights the importance of interaction between students and teachers in class. (应用文写作之报告/建议信) ③ She thinks her high school life is filled with highlights, such as being awarded the Queen of Dance. (应用文写作之经历回顾) 7. optimistic adj. 乐观的，抱乐观看法的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be optimistic about 对……很乐观 2) be optimistic that... 对……持乐观态度 3) keep/remain optimistic 保持乐观 4)反义词：pessimistic 悲观的 ① She is optimistic about her future and believes that her dream will come true. (读后续写之人物性格/心理描写) ② If you have an optimistic attitude towards life, you will always feel happy! (应用文写作之建议信/励志表达) ③ Despite all the difficulties, he remained optimistic and encouraged everyone around him. (读后续写之人物刻画/正面形象) 8. annoy vt. 使恼怒，使生气；打扰 背重点 背写作佳句 1) It annoys sb. when/to do... 当……/做……让某人生气 2) be annoyed with sb. 对某人生气 3) be annoyed at/about sth. 对……恼火 4) to one's annoyance 让某人恼火的是 ① To my great annoyance, the noise from the construction site kept me awake all night. (应用文写作之投诉信) ② She was annoyed with herself for making such a silly mistake in the exam. (读后续写之心理描写/自责) ③ It really annoys me when people interrupt others while they are speaking. (应用文写作之观点表达/议论文) 四．单元短语 1. (build) castles in the air 建空中楼阁，幻想 ※2. have the capacity to do 有做某事的能力 3. a massive amount of money 一大笔钱 4. coin a new term 创造一个新术语 5. make/achieve a breakthrough 取得突破 6. to name but a few 简单举几个例子 7. domestic flights 国内航班 ※8.pose a threat to 对…构成威胁 9. commit crimes 犯罪 10. commit oneself to doing= sb be committed to doing 致力于某事 ※11. urge sb to do 催促某人做某事 12. meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足需求 13. fall victim to 受伤；受损，被害 14. beyond recognition 认不出 15. in recognition of 为了认可... ※16. have no alternative but to do 别无选择只能做 17. an alternative method 另外的方法 18. alternative energy 替代能源 19. break into 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始（笑，唱等）；顺利打入 20. make a prediction/predictions about 做出关于..的预言，预测 21. There is no denying that 不可否认的是.... 22. in large quantities 大量，大批 23. spy on 暗中监视，窥探 24. be buried in/ bury oneself in doing 沉思；专心于 ※25. in conclusion 总之 26. draw/come to/ reach a conclusion 得出结论 27. be superior to... 比....优越；优于... 28. virtual library/reality 虚拟图书馆/现实 29. at the forefront of 处于最前沿 30. a host of 许多，大量 31. academic performance 学业成绩 ※32. be engaged in 参与；忙于；从事 33. boil down to 归结于，基本问题是 34. at the expense of 在牺牲（或损害）...的情况下 五．单元佳句 1．句式：the way＋定语从句 【教材】In short, this technology is transforming the way we live. 简而言之，这项技术正在改变我们的生活方式。 2．句式：There's no denying＋that从句． 无可否认…… 【教材】There can be no denying that the technology will have a huge impact on everyday life. 无可否认，这种技术将对日常生活产生重大影响。 3．句式：It won't＋be＋时间段＋before＋从句． 过不了多久就…… 【教材】It won't be long before virtual museums and interactive threeD exhibitions become common. 不久之后，虚拟博物馆和交互式三维展览就会变得普遍。 4．as well as结构 【教材】Read a book on AI to learn about its history and current applications, as well as how the technology is likely to develop in the future. 读一本关于人工智能的书，了解人工智能的历史和当前的应用情况，以及这项技术在未来的发展趋势。 六．单元语法 将来进行时 将来进行时由“will be + 现在分词”构成，表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或预料将要发生的动作。 [观察例句] 1. I will be watching the sunrise at the top of the mountain this time tomorrow. 2. I will be having a meeting tonight. 3. I suppose they will be leaving soon. 4. Maybe fewer people will be smoking in fifty years. 5. These monkeys are such quick thieves that they will be enjoying your bananas when you realize what has happened. [归纳用法] 一、 将来进行时的基本意义 1. 表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作 常与表示将来具体时间的状语连用，如： this time tomorrow（明天的这个时候） at 7:00 tomorrow（明天七点） at that time next week（下周的这个时候） from 8 to 10 tonight（今晚八点到十点） when you arrive（当你到达的时候） 例句：I will be watching the sunrise at the top of the mountain this time tomorrow. 明天的这个时候，我正在山顶看日出。 2. 表示预料不久要发生或势必发生的动作 这种用法不强调动作是否正在“进行”，而是表示一种客观的、必然的或按计划将发生的事。 例句：I suppose they will be leaving soon. 我猜他们很快就要离开了。 例句：Maybe fewer people will be smoking in fifty years. 五十年后，吸烟的人可能会更少。 二、将来进行时与一般将来时的区别 对比项 一般将来时（will do） 将来进行时（will be doing） 强调重点 主观意愿、决定、承诺、或单纯陈述将来事实 强调动作的“进行性”或“客观安排” 是否带有情感色彩 可带有意愿、答应、请求等 通常不带主观情感，更客观 是否询问计划 也可用于询问计划 用于礼貌地询问他人计划（不施加压力） 例句 I will help you tomorrow. （我愿意帮你） I will be helping my mother tomorrow morning. （只是陈述安排） 对比示例： When will you come back?（一般将来时，单纯询问） When will you be coming back?（将来进行时，语气更委婉，暗示“按你的计划”） 三、使用时需注意的几点 1. 将来进行时通常不与表示主观意愿的动词（如 hope, want, wish）连用 它更多用于陈述客观事实或安排。 2. 在口语中，将来进行时可用来礼貌地询问他人的计划，比一般将来时更客气： Will you be going to the supermarket?（委婉询问） Will you go to the supermarket?（更像是请求或问决定） 3. 将来进行时也常用于表示“纯粹将来”，即不带有说话人的主观判断，只是客观地预言将来某时的情况： This time next week, I’ll be lying on the beach. 下周这个时候，我正在海滩上躺着呢。 4. 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，将来进行时不可用，需用一般现在时代替： 误：If it will be raining tomorrow, we’ll stay at home. 正：If it is raining tomorrow, we’ll stay at home. 5. 与现在进行时表示将来的区别： 现在进行时表示将来：强调“按计划、安排”的动作（通常涉及人的行为，且有具体安排） I’m meeting him at 6. （约定好了） 将来进行时表示将来：更强调“在将来某一时刻正在做某事”，不一定事先安排 I’ll be meeting him at 6 tomorrow. （可能只是预知那时会见面） 七．单元写作 写一封书信 书信是以书面形式进行信息交流的手段之一，是最常用的应用文体。根据写信目的不同，英语书信一般可分为：邀请信、感谢信、申请信、道歉信、投诉信、告知信、推荐信、建议信和祝贺信等。 格式：包括信头、称呼、正文、结束语、签名等部分。 人称与时态：根据具体内容灵活运用，以第一人称为主，时态根据语境确定。 [基本框架] 开头：表明写信目的（如申请、感谢、邀请、建议等），交代背景； 主体：详细说明情况，列举理由、细节或建议； 结尾：表达期待、祝愿或请求回复。 [常用词块] 开头段 1. I’d like to apply for the position. 我想申请这个职位。 2. I can’t wait to share...with you. 我迫不及待想和你分享…… 3. Much to my regret, I was unable to... 很遗憾，我没能…… 4. Hearing that you are wanting a volunteer, I’d like to apply. 听说你们需要志愿者，我想申请。 5. Knowing that you’re coming to China, I can’t wait to share some tourist attractions with you. 了解到你要来中国，我迫不及待想分享一些景点。 中间段 1．Thanks to your generous help, without which I wouldn’t have made such great progress. 多亏你的慷慨帮助，否则我不会取得这么大进步。 2. It offers you an opportunity to do something interesting and creative. 它给你机会做有趣且有创意的事。 3. Not only am I outgoing and energetic but also I am optimistic and enthusiastic. 我不仅外向、精力充沛，而且乐观、热情。 4. I think I am qualified for the job, because I have a good knowledge of... 我认为我能胜任这份工作，因为我精通…… 5. The following are some details about... 以下是关于……的一些细节。 6. It would be a good idea if you read a book or listen to music. 如果你读书或听音乐，那会是个好主意。 7. The dumpling is a traditional food in China, which has a long history. 饺子是中国的传统食物，历史悠久。 结尾段 1．With best wishes. 致以诚挚的祝福。 2. I’m looking forward to hearing from you. 期待你的回信。 3. I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier. 如果你能尽早回复，我将不胜感激。 4. I hold the firm belief that you will get along well with your new classmates. 我坚信你会和新同学相处得很好。 5. It was kind and generous of you to do this for me, and I appreciate it more than I can say. 你为我这样做真是善良大方，我感激不尽。 6. Do come to China and experience the traditions and customs in person. 一定要来中国亲身体验传统与习俗。 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1. I am writing to apply for the position of volunteer in your team. 我写信是想申请你们团队志愿者的职位。 2. Knowing that you are coming to China, I can’t wait to share some advice with you. 得知你要来中国，我迫不及待想和你分享一些建议。 3. Much to my regret, I was unable to attend the party. 很遗憾，我未能参加聚会。 ★正文佳句 1. Not only am I outgoing, but also I am responsible and hard-working. 我不仅外向，而且有责任心、勤奋。 2. The following are some details about Chinese customs. 以下是一些关于中国习俗的细节。 3. It would be a wise choice if you bring a small gift, such as flowers or fruit. 如果你带一份小礼物，比如花或水果，会是个明智的选择。 4. Thanks to your kind help, I have made great progress in English. 多亏你的帮助，我的英语取得了很大进步。 ★余味结尾 1．I’m looking forward to your early reply. 期待你的早日回复。 2. I hold the firm belief that you will have a wonderful time in China. 我坚信你会在中国度过美好时光。 3. Do come to my hometown and experience the customs in person. 一定要来我的家乡亲身体验这些习俗。 假定你是李华，你校要制作一个时间胶囊，向你校学生征集一封给2050年人们的书信。请你用英语写一封信，向校报投稿。要点包括： 1．你所处时代的生活如何； 2．介绍一种科技产品，解释它如何改变人们的生活； 3．以对未来的希望和祝愿结束信件。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear friends in 2050， I am Li Hua，a boy living in the 2021s.I'm honored to have a chance to write to you to talk about our time. Our age has witnessed the improvement in the environment，many great inventions and scientific breakthroughs，which have changed our life and our knowledge of the world. Drones，high­speed rails，smartphones，cloning and genome editing all have a great effect on our lives. Take smartphones for example. They have a large quantity of functions and are popular with all ages. Combined with the powerful Internet and various apps，they make almost everything in our life more convenient and efficient，including shopping，communication，office work and study，to name but a few. There is no doubt that our life will be better and better with the development of science and technology. Hope your life will be better and more pleasant. Best wishes. Yours sincerely， Li Hua . 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式。 1. The theatre has a seating capacity (容量) of 2,000. 2. We haven’t had time to analyse / analyze (分析) those samples yet. 3. Schools are the latest victims (受害者) of cuts in public spending. 4. Some of the victims are complaining loudly about the uneven distribution (分配) of emergency aid. 5. As a student, I believe I have the capacity (能力) to learn new skills quickly. 6. The winner would be able to claim technological superiority (优势) over the other. 7. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous (自治的) Region is boasted for its picturesque scenery. 8. The data is limited in terms of both quality and quantity (数量). 9. Like most of my contemporaries (同代人), I grew up in a vastly different world. 10. After countless failures, the scientist finally achieved a breakthrough that would change the world. 11. The heavy rain posed a great challenge to the rescue work after the earthquake. 12. The small village has changed beyond recognition in the past ten years. 13. Faced with two alternatives, he chose to fight rather than give up. 14, The highlight of my high school life is that I was selected as an excellent League branch secretary. 15, Despite all the difficulties, he remained optimistic and encouraged everyone around him. 16, To my great annoyance, the noise from the construction site kept me awake all night. 17. He has a number of social engagements next week. 18. Alcohol can also damage the liver and do great harm if consumed in large quantities. 19. The young are quick to respond to changes and are at the forefront of new trends in society. 20. Startup biofuels companies were getting funded at a rapid pace, new solar companies were growing in large quantities. 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. When we asked her that day, she denied knowing (know) anything about the accident. 2. There is no denying (deny) that the technology will have a huge impact on daily life. 3. This time tomorrow, the organization will be distributing (distribute) food to the earthquake victims. 4. It will be some time before we know (know) the full results. 5. Large quantities of water in the lake have been polluted (pollute), terrible smells coming out from time to time. 6. That he is greedy for phone games makes him become a victim of poor health. 7. He has a great capacity for learning languages. 8. The news apparently (apparent) came as a complete surprise. 9. He glanced briefly towards her but there was no sign of recognition (recognize). 10. It took the judge some time to reach the conclusion (conclude) that she was guilty. 11. There are some obvious practical (practice) applications of the research. 12. He always gets annoyed (annoy) when I beat him at basketball. 13. He tried to return to work, but found he could no longer cope with his demanding (demand) job. 14. It's reported that a host of theft cases that happened in this area have been looked into and new ones decreased by 10%. 15. In practice, they have the superiority over/to us but they haven't caught the opportunity. 16. Under the threat of illness, they are still engaged (engage) in medical work, which is really admirable. 17. The failure of the examination boils down to his lack of effort, his carelessness, to name but a few. 18. He is optimistic about the practical (practice) value of the headset and actively attends the research. 19. Some hackers broke into some systems via the app and brought quantities of trouble to people. 20. They demanded that we make (make) a quick definition to be buried in our studying. 三、完成句子。 1. 讨人喜欢不仅与积极的人生结果有关，而且还对那些结果负责。 Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. 2. 科学家在机器人技术方面取得了很大的进展。 Scientists have made great progress in robotic technology in recent years. 3. 自从那次事故以来，我一直在等待这个机会。 I have been waiting for this chance ever since the accident. 4. 为了营造学习环境，他们别无选择，只好关闭附近的娱乐场所。 To create a learning environment, they had no alternative but to close the nearby entertainment venues. 5. 无可否认，无人机确实给航空公司带来了诸多麻烦。 There is no denying that drones have brought a lot of trouble to airlines. 6. 如果当时我们了解国内市场的话，我们的产品就不会滞销了。 If we had understood the domestic market at that time, our products would not have sold poorly. 7.只有这样，他才能要求别人遵守班级纪律。 Only in this way can he demand that others obey (obey) the class discipline. 8.他们要求我们快速下定义，以便专心投入到学习中。 They demanded that we make a quick definition to be buried in our studying. 9.她正坐在那里，头埋在报纸里。 She was sitting with her head buried in a newspaper. 10. 我坚信你会和新同学相处得很好。 I hold the firm belief that you will get along well with your new classmates. 11. 就我而言，我们必须采取行动保护眼睛。 As far as I’m concerned, we must take action to protect our eyes. 12. 养成良好的阅读习惯很有必要。 It is necessary to form good reading habits. 13. 我建议学生不时放松眼睛。 I suggest that students should relax their eyes from time to time. 14. 与小学生相比，高中生的近视比例要高得多。 By comparison with primary students, the percentage of senior students is much higher. 15. 这一变化很大程度上是因为学生花太多时间在屏幕前。 The change largely results from the fact that students spend too much time in front of screens. 16. 毫无疑问，这个问题需要引起重视。 There is no doubt that attention must be paid to this problem. 17. 如果你能尽早回复，我将不胜感激。 I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier. 18. 一定要来中国亲身体验这些传统和习俗。 Do come to China and experience the traditions and customs in person. 19. 这个体育馆可供健全人和残疾人使用。 The gym can be used by both able-bodied and disabled (disable) people. 20. 她经历了婚姻破裂后的情绪调整期。 She went through a period of emotional adjustment (adjust) after her marriage broke up. $